See گنگ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"गुञ्जति",
"गुञ्जति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*गुङ्ग",
"Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕"
],
[
"गूँगा",
"गूँगा#Hindi"
],
[
"گونگا",
"گونگا#Urdu"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "gwng",
"ts": "gung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "gwng",
"ts": "gung"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गुञ्जति",
"t": "buzz, hum"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-pro",
"2": "*𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕",
"3": "*गुङ्ग"
},
"expansion": "Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gng /gung/, “dumb, mute”). Perhaps developed from the sense \"to mock, hum\", usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”), itself of imitative origin. Compare also Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga), whence Hindustani गूँगा / گونگا (gū̃gā, “dumb, mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гунг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "گُنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gung / gong) (Tajik spelling гунг)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 8 12 4 2 9 9 10 15 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 13 3 1 6 6 11 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute (a person unable to speak)"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-noun-M2Ze5nWp",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) mute (a person unable to speak)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡunɡ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡ̥oɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɡ"
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "irrational number",
"roman": "adad-i gung / adad-e gong",
"translation": "irrational number",
"word": "عدد گنگ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kʻung",
"word": "քունգ"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "küng"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "künk"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "qynke"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "çungu"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kʻiwnk",
"word": "քիւնկ"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ciunge"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ciungu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kjunk",
"word": "кюнк"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kjúnec",
"word": "кю́нец"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kioúgki",
"word": "κιούγκι"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḱunk",
"word": "ќунк"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "künk",
"word": "كنك"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "mute and deaf at the same time",
"word": "güň"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"गुञ्जति",
"गुञ्जति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*गुङ्ग",
"Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕"
],
[
"गूँगा",
"गूँगा#Hindi"
],
[
"گونگا",
"گونگا#Urdu"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "gwng",
"ts": "gung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "gwng",
"ts": "gung"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गुञ्जति",
"t": "buzz, hum"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-pro",
"2": "*𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕",
"3": "*गुङ्ग"
},
"expansion": "Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gng /gung/, “dumb, mute”). Perhaps developed from the sense \"to mock, hum\", usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”), itself of imitative origin. Compare also Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga), whence Hindustani गूँगा / گونگا (gū̃gā, “dumb, mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гунг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "گُنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gung / gong) (Tajik spelling гунг)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Arithmetic",
"orig": "fa:Arithmetic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "fa:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Number theory",
"orig": "fa:Number theory",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 12 4 2 9 9 10 15 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 13 3 1 6 6 11 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 10 4 2 8 8 10 13 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"irrational"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-adj-L67jH1he",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"arithmetic",
"arithmetic"
],
[
"number theory",
"number theory"
],
[
"irrational",
"irrational"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory) irrational"
],
"topics": [
"arithmetic",
"mathematics",
"number-theory",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 1 2 6 8 11 10 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 1 2 5 6 18 8 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 27 12 3 1 5 5 12 16 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 13 3 1 6 6 11 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 29 8 3 2 8 7 11 11 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 62 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 32 6 5 4 4 4 28 5 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Mythological locations",
"orig": "fa:Mythological locations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crooked, hurled, of a bent back"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-adj-xhfm~pEq",
"links": [
[
"crooked",
"crooked"
],
[
"hurled",
"hurled"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) crooked, hurled, of a bent back"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 8 12 4 2 9 9 10 15 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 13 3 1 6 6 11 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute (of the speaking of a person)"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-adj-rUe7G1ir",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) mute (of the speaking of a person)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡunɡ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡ̥oɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɡ"
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:gang",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gang\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"گنگ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }\" data-lang=\"fa\" data-title=\"گنگ\">\nBorrowed from English gang.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English gang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ir": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Iranian Persian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 0 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 12 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "Their (sg.) aura is high.",
"raw_tags": [
"sg."
],
"roman": "gangeš bâlâs",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "گنگش بالاس",
"translation": "Their (sg.) aura is high.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aura"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-noun-bXwOtCCF",
"links": [
[
"aura",
"aura"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Iran, slang, often humorous) aura"
],
"tags": [
"Iran",
"humorous",
"often",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:gang",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gang\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"گنگ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }\" data-lang=\"fa\" data-title=\"گنگ\">\nBorrowed from English gang.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English gang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ir": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Iranian Persian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool, high-aura"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-adj-Hg6iy4uo",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"aura",
"aura"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Iran, slang, often humorous) cool, high-aura"
],
"tags": [
"Iran",
"humorous",
"often",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ганг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling ганг)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"island"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-noun-KM0sXBXR",
"links": [
[
"island",
"island"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) island"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
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{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "al-kank",
"word": "الْكَنْك"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Geng"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Geng",
"word": "كنك"
}
],
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[
"गङ्गा",
"गङ्गा#Sanskrit:_Ganges"
]
],
"etymology_number": "4",
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{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
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"text": "+",
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},
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"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "Ганг",
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"Tajik"
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}
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{
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],
"source": "w"
},
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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}
],
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],
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]
]
}
],
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
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"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-anɡ"
}
],
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}
{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
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]
},
{
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"Cyrillic",
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}
],
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{
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"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
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"8": "Ганг",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "gang",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cls": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling Ганг)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Tashkent"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-name-jeVupDaj",
"links": [
[
"Tashkent",
"Tashkent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Tashkent"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "tāškand /tâškand",
"word": "تاشکند"
},
{
"alt": "čāč /čâč",
"tags": [
"Classical"
],
"word": "چاچ"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Jerusalem"
],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-name-RR674~dm",
"links": [
[
"Jerusalem",
"Jerusalem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Jerusalem"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 8 12 4 2 9 9 10 15 9 6",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 32 6 5 4 4 4 28 5 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Mythological locations",
"orig": "fa:Mythological locations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 3 3 4 0 22 37 3 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Nicknames for cities",
"orig": "fa:Nicknames for cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 6 2 3 3 21 30 8 6 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Israel",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Israel",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 6 2 3 3 21 30 8 6 3",
"kind": "place",
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"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-گنگ-fa-name-7iqhuuTz",
"links": [
[
"mythological",
"mythological#English"
],
[
"گنگ دژ",
"گنگ دژ#Persian"
],
[
"گنگ دز",
"گنگ دز#Persian"
],
[
"گنگ بهشت",
"گنگ بهشت#Persian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the name of a certain mythological city; fully گنگ دژ (gang-i diž /gang-e dež), گنگ دز (gang-i diz /gang-e dez), or گنگ بهشت (gang-i bihišt /gang-e behešt)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian onomatopoeias",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Rhymes:Persian/unɡ",
"Rhymes:Persian/unɡ/1 syllable",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"गुञ्जति",
"गुञ्जति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*गुङ्ग",
"Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕"
],
[
"गूँगा",
"गूँगा#Hindi"
],
[
"گونگا",
"گونگا#Urdu"
]
],
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},
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{
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},
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "imitative",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gng /gung/, “dumb, mute”). Perhaps developed from the sense \"to mock, hum\", usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”), itself of imitative origin. Compare also Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga), whence Hindustani गूँगा / گونگا (gū̃gā, “dumb, mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гунг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gung / gong) (Tajik spelling гунг)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) mute (a person unable to speak)"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡunɡ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡ̥oɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɡ"
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian onomatopoeias",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Rhymes:Persian/unɡ",
"Rhymes:Persian/unɡ/1 syllable",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "irrational number",
"roman": "adad-i gung / adad-e gong",
"translation": "irrational number",
"word": "عدد گنگ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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"word": "քունգ"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "küng"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "künk"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "qynke"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "çungu"
},
{
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"borrowed"
],
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"word": "քիւնկ"
},
{
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
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],
"word": "ciungu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kjunk",
"word": "кюнк"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kjúnec",
"word": "кю́нец"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kioúgki",
"word": "κιούγκι"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḱunk",
"word": "ќунк"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
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"roman": "künk",
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],
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"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
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],
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"word": "güň"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"गुञ्जति",
"गुञ्जति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*गुङ्ग",
"Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀕𑀼𑀁𑀕"
],
[
"गूँगा",
"गूँगा#Hindi"
],
[
"گونگا",
"گونگا#Urdu"
]
],
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},
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{
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"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "gwng",
"ts": "gung"
},
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},
{
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},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "गुञ्जति",
"t": "buzz, hum"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
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},
{
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"3": "*गुङ्ग"
},
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"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd"
},
"expansion": "Hindustani",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwng /gung/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gng /gung/, “dumb, mute”). Perhaps developed from the sense \"to mock, hum\", usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”), itself of imitative origin. Compare also Proto-New Indo-Aryan *गुङ्ग (guṅga), whence Hindustani गूँगा / گونگا (gū̃gā, “dumb, mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "gong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гунг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"cls": "گُنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gung / gong) (Tajik spelling гунг)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fa:Arithmetic",
"fa:Mathematics",
"fa:Number theory"
],
"glosses": [
"irrational"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
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"arithmetic"
],
[
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"number theory"
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[
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"irrational"
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],
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],
"topics": [
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"mathematics",
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"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"crooked",
"crooked"
],
[
"hurled",
"hurled"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) crooked, hurled, of a bent back"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"mute (of the speaking of a person)"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
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"(literary) mute (of the speaking of a person)"
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡunɡ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʊŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡ̥oɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɡ"
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian adjectives",
"Persian entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Persian entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Persian entries with etymology texts",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:gang",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gang\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"گنگ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }\" data-lang=\"fa\" data-title=\"گنگ\">\nBorrowed from English gang.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English gang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ir": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Iranian Persian",
"Persian humorous terms",
"Persian slang",
"Persian terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "Their (sg.) aura is high.",
"raw_tags": [
"sg."
],
"roman": "gangeš bâlâs",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "گنگش بالاس",
"translation": "Their (sg.) aura is high.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aura"
],
"links": [
[
"aura",
"aura"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Iran, slang, often humorous) aura"
],
"tags": [
"Iran",
"humorous",
"often",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian adjectives",
"Persian entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Persian entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Persian entries with etymology texts",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gang",
"gang#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:gang",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gang\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"گنگ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }\" data-lang=\"fa\" data-title=\"گنگ\">\nBorrowed from English gang.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English gang.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ir": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Iranian Persian",
"Persian humorous terms",
"Persian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"cool, high-aura"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"aura",
"aura"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Iran, slang, often humorous) cool, high-aura"
],
"tags": [
"Iran",
"humorous",
"often",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ганг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cls": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling ганг)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"island"
],
"links": [
[
"island",
"island"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) island"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Persian entries referencing etymons with mismatched IDs",
"Persian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Persian entries with etymology texts",
"Persian entries with etymon",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Persian terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Persian/anɡ",
"Rhymes:Persian/anɡ/1 syllable",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "al-kank",
"word": "الْكَنْك"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "Geng"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Geng",
"word": "كنك"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"गङ्गा",
"गङ्गा#Sanskrit:_Ganges"
]
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa:+ (رود)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "sa:गङ्गा<id:Ganges>",
"id": "Ganges",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Ganges\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"गङ्गा\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Persian\", \"term\" : \"گنگ\", \"lang\" : \"fa\" }\" data-id=\"Ganges\" data-lang=\"fa\" data-title=\"گنگ\" id=\"Persian:_Ganges\">\nBorrowed from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ганг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "Tajik spelling",
"8": "Ганг",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "gang",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling Ганг)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cls": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling Ганг)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fa:Rivers in Asia",
"fa:Rivers in India"
],
"glosses": [
"the Ganges"
],
"links": [
[
"Ganges",
"Ganges"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡanɡ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲæɲɡʲ̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäŋɡ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-anɡ"
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian links with manual fragments",
"Persian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Persian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Persian palindromes",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"fa:Cities in Israel",
"fa:Cities in Uzbekistan",
"fa:Mythological locations",
"fa:Nicknames for cities"
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa:+ دژ"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ганг",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Tajik"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "Tajik spelling",
"8": "Ганг",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "gang",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling Ганг)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cls": "گَنْگ"
},
"expansion": "گنگ • (gang) (Tajik spelling Ганг)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Tashkent"
],
"links": [
[
"Tashkent",
"Tashkent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Tashkent"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "tāškand /tâškand",
"word": "تاشکند"
},
{
"alt": "čāč /čâč",
"tags": [
"Classical"
],
"word": "چاچ"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Jerusalem"
],
"links": [
[
"Jerusalem",
"Jerusalem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Jerusalem"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the name of a certain mythological city; fully گنگ دژ (gang-i diž /gang-e dež), گنگ دز (gang-i diz /gang-e dez), or گنگ بهشت (gang-i bihišt /gang-e behešt)"
],
"links": [
[
"mythological",
"mythological#English"
],
[
"گنگ دژ",
"گنگ دژ#Persian"
],
[
"گنگ دز",
"گنگ دز#Persian"
],
[
"گنگ بهشت",
"گنگ بهشت#Persian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the name of a certain mythological city; fully گنگ دژ (gang-i diž /gang-e dež), گنگ دز (gang-i diz /gang-e dez), or گنگ بهشت (gang-i bihišt /gang-e behešt)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "گنگ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for گنگ meaning in Persian (20.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.