"ظلم" meaning in Persian

See ظلم in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈzulm] [Classical-Persian], [zʊ́lm] [Dari, formal], [zʊ́lm] [Dari, formal], [zʊ́lm] [Kabuli], [zúlm] (note: Hazaragi), [zólm] [Iran, formal], [zúlm] [Tajik, formal] Forms: zulm/zolm [romanization]
Etymology: Etymology tree Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor. Persian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm). Etymology templates: {{etymon|fa|bor|ar>ظُلْم>wrong|id=cruelty|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor. Persian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm). Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|||||||f1tr=|f2tr=|f3tr=|head=|head2=|head3=|tr=zulm/zolm|tr2=|tr3=}} ظلم • (zulm/zolm), {{fa-noun|tr=zulm/zolm}} ظلم • (zulm/zolm)
  1. cruelty, injustice, inhumanity
    Sense id: en-ظلم-fa-noun-lQ84HoDK
  2. oppression, tyranny
    Sense id: en-ظلم-fa-noun-hGcnLqFF
  3. (verbal noun) oppressing Tags: noun-from-verb
    Sense id: en-ظلم-fa-noun-j~EQnnAT Categories (other): Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Persian entries with etymology texts, Persian entries with etymology trees, Persian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 2 11 3 1 2 2 21 15 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 22 3 2 3 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 12 2 1 1 2 26 17 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 25 2 1 2 1 Disambiguation of Persian entries with etymology texts: 2 15 82 Disambiguation of Persian entries with etymology trees: 2 13 85 Disambiguation of Persian entries with incorrect language header: 2 5 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ظلم آمیز (zulm āmēz/zolm âmiz)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zulm āmēz/zolm âmiz",
      "word": "ظلم آمیز"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "chg",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chagatai:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chagatai:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "زۇلۇم"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: زۇلۇم (zulum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: زۇلۇم (zulum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "zulm"
          },
          "expansion": "Uzbek: zulm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uzbek: zulm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ज़ुल्म"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: ज़ुल्म (zulm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: ज़ुल्म (zulm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "ظُلْم"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: ظُلْم (zulm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: ظُلْم (zulm)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "bor",
        "3": "ar>ظُلْم>wrong",
        "id": "cruelty",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.\nPersian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.\nPersian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zulm/zolm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "zulm/zolm",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ظلم • (zulm/zolm)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "zulm/zolm"
      },
      "expansion": "ظلم • (zulm/zolm)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cruelty, injustice, inhumanity"
      ],
      "id": "en-ظلم-fa-noun-lQ84HoDK",
      "links": [
        [
          "cruelty",
          "cruelty"
        ],
        [
          "injustice",
          "injustice"
        ],
        [
          "inhumanity",
          "inhumanity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oppression, tyranny"
      ],
      "id": "en-ظلم-fa-noun-hGcnLqFF",
      "links": [
        [
          "oppression",
          "oppression"
        ],
        [
          "tyranny",
          "tyranny"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 11 3 1 2 2 21 15 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 22 3 2 3 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 12 2 1 1 2 26 17 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 25 2 1 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 15 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology texts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 13 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 5 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "oppressing"
      ],
      "id": "en-ظلم-fa-noun-j~EQnnAT",
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun"
        ],
        [
          "oppressing",
          "oppressing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(verbal noun) oppressing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈzulm]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zúlm]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zólm]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zúlm]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ظلم"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian entries with etymology texts",
    "Persian entries with etymology trees",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian terms borrowed from Arabic",
    "Persian terms derived from Arabic",
    "Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ظ ل م",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "zulm āmēz/zolm âmiz",
      "word": "ظلم آمیز"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "chg",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chagatai:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chagatai:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "زۇلۇم"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: زۇلۇم (zulum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: زۇلۇم (zulum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "zulm"
          },
          "expansion": "Uzbek: zulm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uzbek: zulm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ज़ुल्म"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: ज़ुल्म (zulm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: ज़ुल्म (zulm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "ظُلْم"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: ظُلْم (zulm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: ظُلْم (zulm)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "bor",
        "3": "ar>ظُلْم>wrong",
        "id": "cruelty",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.\nPersian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic ظُلْم (ẓulm)bor.\nPersian ظلمBorrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zulm/zolm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "zulm/zolm",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ظلم • (zulm/zolm)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "zulm/zolm"
      },
      "expansion": "ظلم • (zulm/zolm)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cruelty, injustice, inhumanity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cruelty",
          "cruelty"
        ],
        [
          "injustice",
          "injustice"
        ],
        [
          "inhumanity",
          "inhumanity"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oppression, tyranny"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oppression",
          "oppression"
        ],
        [
          "tyranny",
          "tyranny"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "oppressing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun"
        ],
        [
          "oppressing",
          "oppressing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(verbal noun) oppressing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈzulm]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zʊ́lm]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zúlm]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zólm]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[zúlm]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ظلم"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.