"دوزخ" meaning in Persian

See دوزخ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [doː.zax] [Classical-Persian], [d̪oː.zäx] [Dari, formal], [d̪oː.zäx] [Dari, formal], [d̪oː.zäx] [Kabuli], [d̪ʊː.zäx] (note: Hazaragi), [d̪uː.zæx] [Iran, formal], [d̪ɵ.zäχ] [Tajik, formal] Forms: دوزَخ [canonical], duzax [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”). Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē). Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings. Etymology templates: {{inh|fa|pal|𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩||hell|sc=Phli|tr=dušox}} Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), {{der|fa|ira-old}} Old Iranian, {{m|und|*daužaxva}} *daužaxva, {{m|und|*duš-ahw-a-}} *duš-ahw-a-, {{der|fa|ira-pro|*dušHáhuš|lit=bad existence}} Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), {{prefix|ira-pro|*duš-|*Háhuš|t1=bad}} *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, {{der|fa|iir-pro|*Hásuš|t=life, existence, being}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”), {{cog|pal|tr=dwšx}} Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), {{m|pal|tr=dwšwx|ts=dušox}} [script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), {{cog|pal|𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑|tr=dōžax}} Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), {{m|pal|𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑|tr=dōzax}} 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), {{m|pal|𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑|tr=dōjax}} 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), {{cog|xpr|tr=dwjx|ts=dōžax}} Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), {{cog|ae|𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀}} Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), {{m|ae|𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎}} 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), {{cog|ps|دوغښ|tr=doǧaẍ}} Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), {{cog|kmr|dojeh|doje(h)|tr=dōža(h)}} Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), {{m|kmr|dûjeh|dûje(h)|tr=dūža(h)}} dûje(h) (dūža(h)), {{cog|bal|دوجک|tr=dōǰak}} Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), {{m|bal|دوژه|tr=dōžē}} دوژه (dōžē), {{cog|xcl|դժոխ||hell}} Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”), {{cog|ka|ჯოჯოხეთი}} Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti) Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|||||||f1tr=|f2tr=|f3tr=|head=دوزَخ|head2=|head3=|tr=duzax|tr2=|tr3=}} دوزَخ • (duzax), {{fa-noun|head=دوزَخ|tr=duzax}} دوزَخ • (duzax)
  1. hell Categories (topical): Afterlife Synonyms: جَهَنَّم Derived forms: دوزخی (duzaxi), اهل دوزخ (ahl-e duzax), دوزخبان (duzaxbân)

Download JSON data for دوزخ meaning in Persian (9.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "duzəx",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: duzəx",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: duzəx"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bal",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dózux"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "দোজখ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hac",
            "2": "دۆزەخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dōzax"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दोज़ख़"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "دوزَخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "дозақ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "دۆزەخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdh",
            "2": "دووزەخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dûzah"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "دوزاخ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ps",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "3": "دوږخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dōzax",
            "tr2": "doẓax"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਦੋਜਖ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "dowzah",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkmen: dowzah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkmen: dowzah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "doʻzax",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: doʻzax",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: doʻzax"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hell",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "tr": "dušox"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*daužaxva"
      },
      "expansion": "*daužaxva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*duš-ahw-a-"
      },
      "expansion": "*duš-ahw-a-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*dušHáhuš",
        "lit": "bad existence"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*duš-",
        "3": "*Háhuš",
        "t1": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "*duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hásuš",
        "t": "life, existence, being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "dwšx"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "dwšwx",
        "ts": "dušox"
      },
      "expansion": "[script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōžax"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōzax"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōjax"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "tr": "dwjx",
        "ts": "dōžax"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ps",
        "2": "دوغښ",
        "tr": "doǧaẍ"
      },
      "expansion": "Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "dojeh",
        "3": "doje(h)",
        "tr": "dōža(h)"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h))",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "dûjeh",
        "3": "dûje(h)",
        "tr": "dūža(h)"
      },
      "expansion": "dûje(h) (dūža(h))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "2": "دوجک",
        "tr": "dōǰak"
      },
      "expansion": "Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "2": "دوژه",
        "tr": "dōžē"
      },
      "expansion": "دوژه (dōžē)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "դժոխ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hell"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ჯოჯოხეთი"
      },
      "expansion": "Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).\nCognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).\nCompare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "دوزَخ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duzax",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "دوزَخ",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "duzax",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "دوزَخ • (duzax)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "دوزَخ",
        "tr": "duzax"
      },
      "expansion": "دوزَخ • (duzax)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "بِهِشْت"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *duš-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fa",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "fa:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "duzaxi",
          "word": "دوزخی"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ahl-e duzax",
          "word": "اهل دوزخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "duzaxbân",
          "word": "دوزخبان"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hell"
      ],
      "id": "en-دوزخ-fa-noun-Dr3DMXt1",
      "links": [
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "جَهَنَّم"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[doː.zax]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪ʊː.zäx]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uː.zæx]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪ɵ.zäχ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "دوزخ"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "duzaxi",
      "word": "دوزخی"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ahl-e duzax",
      "word": "اهل دوزخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "duzaxbân",
      "word": "دوزخبان"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "duzəx",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: duzəx",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: duzəx"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bal",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dózux"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "দোজখ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hac",
            "2": "دۆزەخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dōzax"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दोज़ख़"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "دوزَخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "дозақ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "دۆزەخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdh",
            "2": "دووزەخ"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dûzah"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "دوزاخ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ps",
            "2": "دوزخ",
            "3": "دوږخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "dōzax",
            "tr2": "doẓax"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਦੋਜਖ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "dowzah",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Turkmen: dowzah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Turkmen: dowzah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "doʻzax",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: doʻzax",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: doʻzax"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hell",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "tr": "dušox"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*daužaxva"
      },
      "expansion": "*daužaxva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*duš-ahw-a-"
      },
      "expansion": "*duš-ahw-a-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*dušHáhuš",
        "lit": "bad existence"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*duš-",
        "3": "*Háhuš",
        "t1": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "*duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hásuš",
        "t": "life, existence, being"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "dwšx"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "tr": "dwšwx",
        "ts": "dušox"
      },
      "expansion": "[script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōžax"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōzax"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pal",
        "2": "𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑",
        "tr": "dōjax"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "tr": "dwjx",
        "ts": "dōžax"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ps",
        "2": "دوغښ",
        "tr": "doǧaẍ"
      },
      "expansion": "Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "dojeh",
        "3": "doje(h)",
        "tr": "dōža(h)"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h))",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "dûjeh",
        "3": "dûje(h)",
        "tr": "dūža(h)"
      },
      "expansion": "dûje(h) (dūža(h))",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "2": "دوجک",
        "tr": "dōǰak"
      },
      "expansion": "Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "2": "دوژه",
        "tr": "dōžē"
      },
      "expansion": "دوژه (dōžē)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "դժոխ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hell"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ჯოჯოხეთი"
      },
      "expansion": "Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).\nCognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).\nCompare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "دوزَخ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duzax",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "دوزَخ",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "duzax",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "دوزَخ • (duzax)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "دوزَخ",
        "tr": "duzax"
      },
      "expansion": "دوزَخ • (duzax)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "بِهِشْت"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Gurani terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Middle Persian terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Persian lemmas",
        "Persian nouns",
        "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
        "Persian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
        "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
        "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
        "Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
        "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *duš-",
        "Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms",
        "Requests for native script for Parthian terms",
        "Undetermined language links",
        "fa:Afterlife"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "جَهَنَّم"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[doː.zax]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪oː.zäx]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪ʊː.zäx]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uː.zæx]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪ɵ.zäχ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "دوزخ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.