پالودن

پالودن • (pâludan) (present stem پالا (pâlâ))

pâludan (romanization)
پالا (present stem)
پالودن (infinitive)
pâludán (infinitive)
پالای (present stem)
pâlây (present stem)
پالود (past stem)
pâlud (past stem)
پالاینده (participle present)
pâlâyandé (participle present)
پالوده (participle past)
pâludé (participle past)
پالایم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pâlâyam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پالایی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pâlâyi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پالاید (aorist indicative singular third-person)
pâlâyad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پالاییم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pâlâyim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پالایید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pâlâyid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پالایند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pâlâyand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپالایم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-pâlâyam (first-person indicative present singular)
میپالایی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-pâlâyi (indicative present second-person singular)
میپالاید (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-pâlâyad (indicative present singular third-person)
میپالاییم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-pâlâyim (first-person indicative plural present)
میپالایید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-pâlâyid (indicative plural present second-person)
میپالایند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-pâlâyand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میپالایم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-pâlâyam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میپالایی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-pâlâyi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میپالاید (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-pâlâyad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میپالاییم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-pâlâyim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میپالایید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-pâlâyid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میپالایند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-pâlâyand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پالودهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
pâludé-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پالودهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
pâludé-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پالوده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
pâludé ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پالودهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
pâludé-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پالودهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
pâludé-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پالودهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
pâludé-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پالودم (first-person indicative past singular)
pâludam (first-person indicative past singular)
پالودی (indicative past second-person singular)
pâludi (indicative past second-person singular)
پالود (indicative past singular third-person)
pâlud (indicative past singular third-person)
پالودیم (first-person indicative past plural)
pâludim (first-person indicative past plural)
پالودید (indicative past plural second-person)
pâludid (indicative past plural second-person)
پالودند (indicative past plural third-person)
pâludand (indicative past plural third-person)
میپالودم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-pâludam (first-person indicative past singular)
میپالودی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-pâludi (indicative past second-person singular)
میپالود (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-pâlud (indicative past singular third-person)
میپالودیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-pâludim (first-person indicative past plural)
میپالودید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-pâludid (indicative past plural second-person)
میپالودند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-pâludand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میپالودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-pâludam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میپالودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-pâludi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میپالود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt mí-pâlud (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میپالودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-pâludim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میپالودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-pâludid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میپالودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-pâludand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پالوده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pâludé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پالوده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pâludé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پالوده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pâludé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پالوده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pâludé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پالوده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pâludé búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پالوده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pâludé búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم پالود (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám pâlud (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی پالود (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí pâlud (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد پالود (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád pâlud (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم پالود (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím pâlud (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید پالود (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd pâlud (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند پالود (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd pâlud (future indicative plural third-person)
بپالایم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bépâlâyam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپالایی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bépâlâyi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپالاید (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bépâlâyad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپالاییم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bépâlâyim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپالایید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bépâlâyid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپالایند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bépâlâyand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پالوده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
pâludé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پالوده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
pâludé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پالوده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
pâludé bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پالوده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
pâludé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پالوده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
pâludé bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پالوده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
pâludé bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپالای (imperative second-person singular)
bépâlây (imperative second-person singular)
بپالایید (imperative plural second-person)
bépâlâyid (imperative plural second-person)
پالودن (infinitive)
pâludán (infinitive)
پالای (present stem)
pâlây (present stem)
پالود (past stem)
pâlud (past stem)
پالاینده (participle present)
pâlâyandé (participle present)
پالوده (participle past)
pâludé (participle past)
پالایم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pâlâyam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پالایی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pâlâyi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پالایه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
pâlâye (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پالاییم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pâlâyim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پالایین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pâlâyin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پالاین (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pâlâyan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپالایم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-pâlâyam (first-person indicative present singular)
میپالایی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-pâlâyi (indicative present second-person singular)
میپالایه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-pâlâye (indicative present singular third-person)
میپالاییم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-pâlâyim (first-person indicative plural present)
میپالایین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-pâlâyin (indicative plural present second-person)
میپالاین (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-pâlâyan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میپالایم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-pâlâyam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میپالایی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-pâlâyi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میپالایه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-pâlâye (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میپالاییم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-pâlâyim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میپالایین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-pâlâyin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میپالاین (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-pâlâyan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پالودهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
pâludám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پالودهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
pâludí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پالوده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
pâludé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پالودهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
pâludím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پالودهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
pâludín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پالودهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
pâludán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پالودم (first-person indicative past singular)
pâludam (first-person indicative past singular)
پالودی (indicative past second-person singular)
pâludi (indicative past second-person singular)
پالود (indicative past singular third-person)
pâlud (indicative past singular third-person)
پالودیم (first-person indicative past plural)
pâludim (first-person indicative past plural)
پالودین (indicative past plural second-person)
pâludin (indicative past plural second-person)
پالودن (indicative past plural third-person)
pâludan (indicative past plural third-person)
میپالودم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-pâludam (first-person indicative past singular)
میپالودی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-pâludi (indicative past second-person singular)
میپالود (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-pâlud (indicative past singular third-person)
میپالودیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-pâludim (first-person indicative past plural)
میپالودین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-pâludin (indicative past plural second-person)
میپالودن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-pâludan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میپالودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-pâludam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میپالودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-pâludi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میپالود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-pâlud (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میپالودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-pâludim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میپالودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-pâludin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میپالودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-pâludan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پالوده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pâludé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پالوده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pâludé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پالوده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pâludé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پالوده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pâludé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پالوده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pâludé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پالوده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pâludé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بپالایم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bépâlâyam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپالایی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bépâlâyi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپالایه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bépâlâye (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپالاییم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bépâlâyim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپالایین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bépâlâyin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپالاین (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bépâlâyan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پالوده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
pâludé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پالوده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
pâludé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پالوده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
pâludé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پالوده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
pâludé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پالوده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
pâludé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پالوده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
pâludé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپالای (imperative second-person singular)
bépâlây (imperative second-person singular)
بپالایین (imperative plural second-person)
bépâlâyin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پالودن</i> (pâludán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میپالودیم

داشتم میپالودم

داشتید میپالودید

داشتی میپالودی

داشتند میپالودند

داشت میپالود

داریم میپالاییم

دارم میپالایم

دارید میپالایید

داری میپالایی

دارند میپالایند

دارد میپالاید

پالوده بودیم

پالوده بودید

پالوده بودند

خواهیم پالود

خواهید پالود

خواهند پالود

پالوده باشیم

پالوده باشید

پالوده باشند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پالودن</i> (pâludán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میپالودیم

داشتم میپالودم

داشتین میپالودین

داشتی میپالودی

داشتن میپالودن

داشت میپالود

داریم میپالاییم

دارم میپالایم

دارین میپالایین

داری میپالایی

دارن میپالاین

داره میپالایه

پالوده بودیم

پالوده بودین

پالوده باشیم

پالوده باشین

From Middle Persian pʾlwtn' (pālūdan, “to strain, filter, purify”), from Proto-Iranian *para-dā́wati, from Proto-Iranian *dā́wati (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰā́wati (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to run, flow”). Compare Persian دویدن (“to run”), Sanskrit धावति (dhā́vati) and Ancient Greek θέω (théō).


انواع

head

انواع • (anvâ')

From Arabic أَنْوَاع (ʔanwāʕ), broken plural of نَوْع (nawʕ, “type, kind”).

bor

Arabic أَنْوَاع (ʔanwāʕ)


سنباده

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سنباده • (sonbâde)

fa-noun

سنباده • (sonbâde)

→ Azerbaijani: sumbata

→ Lezgi: сумбат (sumbat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صونپاره (sunpara), صومپاره (sumpara), زیمپاره (zımpara), زمپره (zımpara), زنپره (zınpara), سمپاره (sumpara)
Turkish: zımpara
→ Middle Armenian: սնփարայ (snpʻaray)
→ Armenian: սմփարա (smpʻara), զմփառա (zmpʻaṙa), զմփարա (zmpʻara)

Compare Old Armenian սմպատակ (smpatak), Arabic سُنْبَاذَج (sunbāḏaj), سُنْبَادَج (sunbādaj), Iranian borrowings.


پنگان

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پنگان • (pengân)

fa-noun

پنگان • (pengân)

→ Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bikol Central: pinggán

→ Cebuano: pinggan

→ Khumi Chin: pangkae

→ Maguindanao: pinggán / ڤنغن

→ Malagasy: zíngga, zìnga

→ Malay: pinggan / ڤيڠݢن

Indonesian: pinggan

→ Maranao: pinggan

→ Mapun: pinggán

→ Tagalog: pinggán

desc

→ Tamil: பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ)

→ Tamil: பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ)

→ Tausug: pinggan

→ Toba Batak: pinggan

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنگان (pingân)

→ Waray-Waray: pinggán

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰiŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

[pʰeŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

Presumed to be borrowed, alongside Ossetian фынг (fyng), фингӕ (fingæ, “table”), from Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax), πίνακος (pínakos, “wooden plank, dish, writing table”), possibly via Classical Syriac ܦܝܢܟܐ (pinkā). Perhaps cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”). Whereas according to Vinson this is all from a compound of Middle Chinese, Mandarin 瓫 (pén, “flat dish”)) and 盎 (àng, “wide-bellied bowl”) (perhaps instead 銀／银 (yín, “silver”), 案 (àn, “desk, table”)?), however not attested, so alternatively he suggests 平安 (píng'ān, “tranquil, safe”) printed onto Chinese household appliances like vases.


بیگاری

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بیگاری • (bigâri)

fa-noun

بیگاری • (bigâri)

بیگاری کودکان


حرز

منصور بن مظفّر غازیست حرز من
و از این خجسته نام بر اعدا مظفّرم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 329”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The holy warrior Mansūr bin Muzaffar is my refuge,
And through this auspicious name, I triumph over my foes.

mansūr bin muzaffar-i ğāzī-st hirz-i man
u az īn xujasta nām bar a'dā muzaffaram


گوهرها

گوهر گوهر#Persian


جای

→ Azerbaijani: cay

→ Kazakh: жай (jai)

→ Uzbek: joy


کفاش

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کفاش • (kaffâš) (plural کفاشان (kaffâšân) or کفاشها (kaffâš-hâ))

kaffâš (romanization)
کفاشان (plural)
کفاشها (plural)

[kʰäf.fɑ́ːʃ]

[kʰäf.fɑ́ːʃ]

[kʰäf.fɑ́ːʃ]

[kʰäf.fɔ́ːʃ]

[kʰʲæf.fɒ́ːʃ]

Pseudo-Arabic formation from کفش (kafš, “shoe”), using the Arabic pattern فَعّال (faʕʕāl), which creates words for habitual actions and professions. Compare عکاس ('akkâs, “photographer”).


بیسراک

بیسراک • (bisorâk)

fa-noun

بیسراک • (bisorâk)


کفچه

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کفچه • (kafče)

fa-noun

کفچه • (kafče)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kpck' /kafčag/, “spoon, ladle”).


هی

Dialectal or alternative variant of classical همی (hamē), which is also the source of the verbal prefix می (mi-).

او هی میگفت مشکلی نیست.

مادرش اینا هی زنگ زدن.

His mom and the rest kept calling on the phone.


هی

هی!


هی

Borrowed from Arabic هاء (hāʔ) with vowel shift due to imala

Name of the thirty-first letter of the Persian alphabet ه.


بربری

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bæɹ.bæ.ɹíː]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg, “barbarian; African”), ultimately from Ancient Greek βᾰ́ρβᾰρος (bárbaros). Equivalent to بربر (barbar, “Barbary”) + ی (-i). For the sense "Berber", presumably a semantic loan from Arabic بَرْبَرِيّ (barbariyy).

semantic loan

گوئی که تاتاری
در انتهای چشمانش
پیوسته در کمین سواریست
گوئی که بربری
در برق پر طراوت دندانهایش
مجذوب خون گرم شکاریست

1963, Forugh Farrokhzad, “معشوق من”, in تولدی دیگر [Another Birth]:

As if a Tartar
Is always waiting to ambush a horseman
In the extremities of his eyes
As if a savage
Is ecstasied by the prey's warm blood
In the lustrous lightning of his teeth

guyi ke tâtâri
dar entehâ-ye čašmân-aš
peyvaste dar kamin-e savâri-st
guyi ke barbari
dar barq-e por tarâvat-e dandânhâ-yaš
majzub-e xun-e garm-e šekâri-st

(offensive) Hazara (ethnic group in central Afghanistan)

نان بربری
نان بربری#Persian

Short for نان بربری (nân-e barbari, Persian flatbread).


بربری

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bäɾ.bä.ɾíː]

[bæɹ.bæ.ɹíː]


جلاد

head

جلاد • (jallâd) (plural جلادان (jallâdân))

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæl.lɒ́ːd̪̥]

(figurative) a merciless person, a violent person


خطا

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ता (xatā)

Urdu: خَطا (xatā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖਤਾ (khatā)

Shahmukhi script: خطا (xat̤ā)


خطا

خطا • (xatâ)

fa-proper noun

خطا • (xatâ)


کابین

head

کابین • (kâbin)

fa-noun

کابین • (kâbin)

→ French: kabin

→ Turkish: kebin (dialectal)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾp̄yn' /kābēn/, “marriage-portion, dowry”). Compare Old Armenian կապէն-ք (kapēn-kʻ, “price of prostitution”), an Iranian borrowing.


سورنجان

head

سورنجان • (surenjân)

fa-noun

سورنجان • (surenjân)

Borrowed from Arabic سُورِنْجَان (sūrinjān).

bor+

meadow-saffron, hermodactyl (Colchicum spp.)


لگام

head

لگام • (legâm)

fa-noun

لگام • (legâm)

desctree

→ Arabic: لِجَام (lijām)
Maltese: lġiem
→ Amharic: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Argobba: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Gafat: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Ge'ez: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Persian: لجام (lejâm)
Tajik: лаҷом (lajom)
→ Tigre: ልጋም (ləgam)
→ Tigrinya: ልጓም (ləgʷam)

→ Middle Armenian: լկամ (lkam)

→ Bengali: লাগাম (lagam)

→ Gujarati: લગામ (lagām)

desc

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: לוּגְמׇא (lūḡmā)

→ Georgian: ლაგამი (lagami)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਗਾਮ (lagām)

Shahmukhi script: لگام (lagām)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܓܡܐ (lgāmā), ܠܘܓܡܐ (lūḡmā, luḡmā)

→ Urdu: لگام (lagām)

→ Telugu: లగాము (lagāmu)

→ Kolami: లగ్గం (laggaṁ)

→ Kannada: ಲಗಾಮು (lagāmu)

→ Malayalam: ലഗാന് (lagānŭ)

* Müller derives from Latin ligāmen.
* Fraenkel sees a Semitic origin in that the Aramaic forms means the maxillary, and Arabic لَقِمَ (laqima) means “to swallow” – cognate to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to chew on, to eat”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to chew on, to eat”), and probably identical to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to pick, to choose”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to pick, to peck, to graze”), Amharic ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to peck, to glean, to graze”) –, with Nöldeke thus seeing Aramaic origin as secured; but the rarity and late attestation of the Aramaic words raises doubts, and for the same reason it is difficult to explain that the Ethiopian Semitic word for the bridle is attested in pre-Islamic times already.


بدحجاب

fa-adj

بدحجاب • (bad-hejâb) (comparative بدحجابتَر (bad-hejâb-tar), superlative بدحجابتَرین (bad-hejâb-tarin))

bad-hejâb (romanization)
بدحجابتَر (comparative)
بدحجابتَرین (superlative)

From بد (bad, “bad”) + حجاب (hejâb, “hijab”).

آیا پاسبانان زن بدحجاب را کتک زدند؟

Did the policemen hit the insufficiently veiled woman?

âyâ pâsbânân zan-e bad-hejâb râ kotak zadand?

(of a woman) badly veiled; wearing a form of Islamic dress which is considered (by the speaker or some authority) not to be modest enough


کلمات

kalemât (romanization)
kalamât (romanization)

کلمه کلمه#Persian


کلف

(dialectal, Alamarvdašt) Alternative form of قفل (qofl, “lock”)


تکثر

Borrowed from Arabic تَكَثُّر (takaṯṯur).

bor+

تکثر آرا


کنگره

head

کنگره • (kongore) (plural کنگرهها (kongore-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कंगूरा (kaṅgūrā)

desc

Urdu: کَن٘گُورَہ (kaṅgūra), کَن٘گُورَا (kaṅgūrā)

[kʰäŋ.ɡʊ.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡoː.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡʊ.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡoː.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡʊ.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡoː.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡu.ɾǽ]

[kʰäŋ.ɡʊː.ɾǽ]


کنگره

head

کنگره • (kongre) (plural کنگرهها (kongre-hâ))

Borrowed from French congrès, from Latin congressus. As a proper noun, a loan translation of English Congress.


تیمار

تیمار • (timâr)

fa-noun

تیمار • (timâr)

[t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰiː.mɑ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰi.mɔ́ːɾ]

[t̪ʰiː.mɒ́ːɹ]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (tymʾl /tēmār/).

inh+

گروهی را سراییان میگفتند و پیادگان بودند از هر ولایتی آمده بودند و ایشان را سپاهسالاری باشد جداگانه که تیمار ایشان دارد و ایشان هر قومی به سلاح ولایت خویش کار کنند، ده هزار مرد بودند.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

One group was called the Sarāyīs. They were infantrymen who had come from every country, and they had a separate general who took care of them. Every nation of them fought with the weapons of their own country. They were ten thousand men.

gurōhē rā sarāyīyān mē-guftand u pīyādagān būdand az har wilāyatē āmada būdand u ēšān rā sipāhsālārē bāšad judāgāna ki tēmār-e ēšān dārad u ēšān har qawmē ba silāh-i wilāyat-i xwēš kār kunand, dah hazār mard būdand.


سرکرده

Azerbaijani: sərkərdə

سرکرده یک گروه تروریستی

(now usually with negative connotations) leader, chief, head


ستایش

head

ستایش • (setâyeš)

fa-noun

ستایش • (setâyeš)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.jɪ́ʃ]


خود نوشتن

head

خود نوشتن • (xod neveštan) (present stem خود نویس (xod nevis, navis))

xod neveštan (romanization)
خود نویس (present stem)
خود نوشتن (infinitive)
xod neveštán (infinitive)
خود نویس (present stem)
xod nevis (present stem)
خود نوشت (past stem)
xod nevešt (past stem)
خود نویسنده (participle present)
xod nevisandé (participle present)
خود نوشته (participle past)
xod nevešté (participle past)
خود نویسم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xod nevísam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خود نویسی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xod nevísi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خود نویسد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xod nevísad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خود نویسیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xod nevísim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خود نویسید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xod nevísid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خود نویسند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xod nevísand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
خود مینویسم (first-person indicative present singular)
xod mí-nevisam (first-person indicative present singular)
خود مینویسی (indicative present second-person singular)
xod mí-nevisi (indicative present second-person singular)
خود مینویسد (indicative present singular third-person)
xod mí-nevisad (indicative present singular third-person)
خود مینویسیم (first-person indicative plural present)
xod mí-nevisim (first-person indicative plural present)
خود مینویسید (indicative plural present second-person)
xod mí-nevisid (indicative plural present second-person)
خود مینویسند (indicative plural present third-person)
xod mí-nevisand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم خود مینویسم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram xod mí-nevisam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری خود مینویسی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri xod mí-nevisi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد خود مینویسد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad xod mí-nevisad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم خود مینویسیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim xod mí-nevisim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید خود مینویسید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid xod mí-nevisid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند خود مینویسند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand xod mí-nevisand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خود نوشتهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xod nevešté-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خود نوشتهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xod nevešté-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خود نوشته است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xod nevešté ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خود نوشتهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xod nevešté-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خود نوشتهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xod nevešté-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خود نوشتهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xod nevešté-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خود نوشتم (first-person indicative past singular)
xod nevéštam (first-person indicative past singular)
خود نوشتی (indicative past second-person singular)
xod nevéšti (indicative past second-person singular)
خود نوشت (indicative past singular third-person)
xod nevešt (indicative past singular third-person)
خود نوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xod nevéštim (first-person indicative past plural)
خود نوشتید (indicative past plural second-person)
xod nevéštid (indicative past plural second-person)
خود نوشتند (indicative past plural third-person)
xod nevéštand (indicative past plural third-person)
خود مینوشتم (first-person indicative past singular)
xod mí-neveštam (first-person indicative past singular)
خود مینوشتی (indicative past second-person singular)
xod mí-nevešti (indicative past second-person singular)
خود مینوشت (indicative past singular third-person)
xod mí-nevešt (indicative past singular third-person)
خود مینوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xod mí-neveštim (first-person indicative past plural)
خود مینوشتید (indicative past plural second-person)
xod mí-neveštid (indicative past plural second-person)
خود مینوشتند (indicative past plural third-person)
xod mí-neveštand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم خود مینوشتم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam xod mí-neveštam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی خود مینوشتی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti xod mí-nevešti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت خود مینوشت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt xod mí-nevešt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم خود مینوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim xod mí-neveštim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید خود مینوشتید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid xod mí-neveštid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند خود مینوشتند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand xod mí-neveštand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خود نوشته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xod nevešté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خود نوشته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xod nevešté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خود نوشته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xod nevešté búd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خود نوشته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xod nevešté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خود نوشته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xod nevešté búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خود نوشته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xod nevešté búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خود خواهم نوشت (first-person future indicative singular)
xod xâhám nevešt (first-person future indicative singular)
خود خواهی نوشت (future indicative second-person singular)
xod xâhí nevešt (future indicative second-person singular)
خود خواهد نوشت (future indicative singular third-person)
xod xâhád nevešt (future indicative singular third-person)
خود خواهیم نوشت (first-person future indicative plural)
xod xâhím nevešt (first-person future indicative plural)
خود خواهید نوشت (future indicative plural second-person)
xod xâhíd nevešt (future indicative plural second-person)
خود خواهند نوشت (future indicative plural third-person)
xod xâhánd nevešt (future indicative plural third-person)
خود بنویسم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
xod bénevisam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
خود بنویسی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
xod bénevisi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
خود بنویسد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
xod bénevisad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
خود بنویسیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
xod bénevisim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
خود بنویسید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
xod bénevisid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
خود بنویسند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
xod bénevisand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خود نوشته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xod nevešté bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خود نوشته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xod nevešté bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
خود بنویس (imperative second-person singular)
xod bénevis (imperative second-person singular)
خود بنویسید (imperative plural second-person)
xod bénevisid (imperative plural second-person)
خود نوشتن (infinitive)
xod neveštán (infinitive)
خود نویس (present stem)
xod nevis (present stem)
خود نوشت (past stem)
xod nevešt (past stem)
خود نویسنده (participle present)
xod nevisandé (participle present)
خود نوشته (participle past)
xod nevešté (participle past)
خود نویسم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
xod nevisam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
خود نویسی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
xod nevisi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
خود نویسه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
xod nevise (aorist indicative singular third-person)
خود نویسیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
xod nevisim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
خود نویسین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
xod nevisin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
خود نویسن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
xod nevisan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
خود مینویسم (first-person indicative present singular)
xod mí-nvisam (first-person indicative present singular)
خود مینویسی (indicative present second-person singular)
xod mí-nvisi (indicative present second-person singular)
خود مینویسه (indicative present singular third-person)
xod mí-nvise (indicative present singular third-person)
خود مینویسیم (first-person indicative plural present)
xod mí-nvisim (first-person indicative plural present)
خود مینویسین (indicative plural present second-person)
xod mí-nvisin (indicative plural present second-person)
خود مینویسن (indicative plural present third-person)
xod mí-nvisan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم خود مینویسم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram xod mí-nvisam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری خود مینویسی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri xod mí-nvisi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره خود مینویسه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre xod mí-nvise (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم خود مینویسیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-nvisim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین خود مینویسین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin xod mí-nvisin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن خود مینویسن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran xod mí-nvisan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
خود نوشتهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
xod neveštám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
خود نوشتهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
xod neveští (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
خود نوشته (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
xod nevešté (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
خود نوشتهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
xod neveštím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
خود نوشتهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
xod neveštín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
خود نوشتهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
xod neveštán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
خود نوشتم (first-person indicative past singular)
xod nevéštam (first-person indicative past singular)
خود نوشتی (indicative past second-person singular)
xod nevéšti (indicative past second-person singular)
خود نوشت (indicative past singular third-person)
xod nevéšt (indicative past singular third-person)
خود نوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xod nevéštim (first-person indicative past plural)
خود نوشتین (indicative past plural second-person)
xod nevéštin (indicative past plural second-person)
خود نوشتن (indicative past plural third-person)
xod nevéštan (indicative past plural third-person)
خود مینوشتم (first-person indicative past singular)
xod mí-nveštam (first-person indicative past singular)
خود مینوشتی (indicative past second-person singular)
xod mí-nvešti (indicative past second-person singular)
خود مینوشت (indicative past singular third-person)
xod mí-nvešt (indicative past singular third-person)
خود مینوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
xod mí-nveštim (first-person indicative past plural)
خود مینوشتین (indicative past plural second-person)
xod mí-nveštin (indicative past plural second-person)
خود مینوشتن (indicative past plural third-person)
xod mí-nveštan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم خود مینوشتم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam xod mí-nveštam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی خود مینوشتی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti xod mí-nvešti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت خود مینوشت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt xod mí-nvešt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم خود مینوشتیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim xod mí-nveštim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین خود مینوشتین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin xod mí-nveštin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن خود مینوشتن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan xod mí-nveštan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
خود نوشته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
xod nevešté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
خود نوشته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
xod nevešté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
خود نوشته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
xod nevešté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
خود نوشته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
xod nevešté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
خود نوشته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
xod nevešté búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
خود نوشته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
xod nevešté búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خود بنویسم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
xod bénvisam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
خود بنویسی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
xod bénvisi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
خود بنویسه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
xod bénvise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
خود بنویسیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
xod bénvisim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
خود بنویسین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
xod bénvisin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
خود بنویسن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
xod bénvisan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
خود نوشته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
xod nevešté bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
خود نوشته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
xod nevešté bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
خود نوشته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
xod nevešté bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
خود بنویس (imperative second-person singular)
xod bénvis (imperative second-person singular)
خود بنویسین (imperative plural second-person)
xod bénvisin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خود نوشتن</i> (xod neveštán) (literary Iranian Persian)

خود مینوشتیم

خود مینوشتید

خود مینوشتند

خود مینویسیم

خود مینویسید

خود مینویسند

داشتیم خود مینوشتیم

داشتم خود مینوشتم

داشتید خود مینوشتید

داشتی خود مینوشتی

داشتند خود مینوشتند

داشت خود مینوشت

داریم خود مینویسیم

دارم خود مینویسم

دارید خود مینویسید

داری خود مینویسی

دارند خود مینویسند

دارد خود مینویسد

خود نوشتهایم

خود نوشتهاید

خود نوشتهاند

خود نوشته است

خود نوشته بودیم

خود نوشته بودم

خود نوشته بودید

خود نوشته بودی

خود نوشته بودند

خود نوشته بود

خود خواهیم نوشت

خود خواهم نوشت

خود خواهید نوشت

خود خواهی نوشت

خود خواهند نوشت

خود خواهد نوشت

خود نوشته باشیم

خود نوشته باشم

خود نوشته باشید

خود نوشته باشی

خود نوشته باشند

خود نوشته باشد

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خود نوشتن</i> (xod neveštán) (colloquial Tehrani)

خود مینوشتیم

خود مینوشتین

خود مینویسیم

خود مینویسین

داشتیم خود مینوشتیم

داشتم خود مینوشتم

داشتین خود مینوشتین

داشتی خود مینوشتی

داشتن خود مینوشتن

داشت خود مینوشت

داریم خود مینویسیم

دارم خود مینویسم

دارین خود مینویسین

داری خود مینویسی

دارن خود مینویسن

داره خود مینویسه

خود نوشتهایم

خود نوشتهاین

خود نوشته بودیم

خود نوشته بودم

خود نوشته بودین

خود نوشته بودی

خود نوشته بودن

خود نوشته بود

خود نوشته باشیم

خود نوشته باشم

خود نوشته باشین

خود نوشته باشی

خود نوشته باشن

خود نوشته باشه


آذرگون

head

آذرگون • (âzargun)

fa-noun

آذرگون • (âzargun)

desctree

→ Arabic: آذَرْيُون (ʔāḏaryūn)
→ Middle Armenian: ազարիոն (azarion)
→ Persian: آذریون (âzaryun)

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ˈɡoːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ɡóːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ɡóːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ɡóːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ɡʊ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ɡúːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ɡɵ́n]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/ādurgōn, ādurgōnag/), cognate to Old Armenian ատրագոյն (atragoyn) and Old Georgian ადრაგუნი (adraguni). Equivalent to آذر (âzar, “fire”) + گون (gun, “colour”).

affix

Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalis#Translingual


چی بودیم، چی شدیم

head

چی بودیم، چی شدیم • (či budim, či šodim)

či budim (romanization)
či šodim (romanization)

Literally: “What were we and what have we become!”

cultural pessimism
cultural pessimism#English

whatever happened to us!; expression of melancholy for a glorious past or of general cultural pessimism


سغد

سغد • (soğd)

fa-proper noun

سغد • (soğd)

From Old Persian 𐎿𐎢𐎦𐎢𐎭 (s-u-gᵘ-u-d /Suguda/).

Sogdiana (an ancient Iranian-speaking civilization of what is today eastern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan)


زدوار

head

زدوار • (zadvâr)

fa-noun

زدوار • (zadvâr)

ژدوار ژدوار#Persian


ژدوار

head

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

fa-noun

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

desctree

→ Arabic: جَدْوَار (jadwār), زَدْوَار (zadwār)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζεστουάρια (tzestouária), τζηντουάρ (tzēntouár), ζουδάρα (zoudára), ζαδόαρ (zadóar)
→ Medieval Latin: zedoārium (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Armenian: ճատվար (čatvar)
→ Persian: جدوار (jadvâr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: جدوار (cedvar), زدوار (zidvar)
Turkish: cedvar

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɔ́ːɾ]

[ʒæd̪.vɒ́ːɹ]

Borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, whence borrowing Sanskrit जडुवार (jaḍuvāra), जडुपार (jaḍupāra), जदुवार (jaduvāra), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“resin, gum”), also found as ژد (žad, “resin, gum”), as well as ـوار (-vâr, suffix denoting something having a characteristic).

der

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual


جدوار

head

جدوار • (jadvâr)

fa-noun

جدوار • (jadvâr)

[d͡ʒað.ˈwɑːɾ]

[d͡ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒäd̪.wɔ́ːɾ]

[d͡ʒæd̪.vɒ́ːɹ]

[d͡ʒäd̪.vɔ́ɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic جَدْوَار (jadwār), from Persian ژدوار (žadvâr), زدوار (zadvâr).


زرنباد

desctree

→ Arabic: زُرُنْبَاد (zurunbād)
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουρουμπέδ (zouroumpéd), ζηρωμπᾶ (zērōmpâ)
→ Medieval Latin: zurumbet, zurumbeth, zarumbet, zerumbet
→ French: zérumbet
→ English: zerumbet

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual


فیض

→ Bengali: ফয়েজ (phoẏej)

Borrowed from Arabic فَيْض (fayḍ, “flood, overflow, abundance”). From the use for the abundance of God’s powers, treasures and gifts, the word develops the sense “grace” (already in Arabic, but less widely used than in Persian).


سیلو

silo (vertical building for storing grain)


اسحاق

head

اسحاق • (eshâq)

fa-proper noun

اسحاق • (eshâq)

Tajik: Исҳоқ (Ishoq)

→ Chagatai: اسحاق

Uyghur: ئىسھاق (ishaq)

Uzbek: Ishoq

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इसहाक़ (ishāq)

Urdu: اِسْحاق (ishāq)

→ Pashto: اسحاق

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: اِسحاق (īsḥāq)

→ Sindhi: اسحاق

[ʔes.hɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْحَاق (ʔisḥāq), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִצְחָק.

etymon

إِسْحَاق إسحاق#Arabic

יצחק יצחק#Hebrew

a male given name, Eshaq, Ishaq, or Eshagh, from Arabic إِسْحَاق (ʔisḥāq) [in turn from Hebrew יצחק], equivalent to English Isaac


البا

Borrowed from Parthian ʿdbʾg (iδβāg, “-fold”), probably via a dialectal form.


دارچینی

dâr-e-čini (romanization)
dârčini (romanization)

دارچین دارچین#Persian


جلاب

head

جلاب • (jolâb)

fa-noun

جلاب • (jolâb)

[d͡ʒu.ˈlɑːβ]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardah
Old Persian *vr̥dah
Middle Persian gwl
Classical Persian گُل (gul)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Classical Persian آب (āb)
Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb)bor.
Arabic جُلَاب (julāb)bor.
Persian جلابBorrowed from Arabic جُلَاب (julāb), borrowed from Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb), from گُل (gul) + آب (āb).

etymon

نکتهها میگفت او آمیخته
در جلاب قند زهری ریخته

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 447:

He was saying fine things mixed [with foul]: he had poured some poison into the sugared julep.

nukta-hā mē-guft ō āmēxta
dar julāb-i qand zahrē rēxta


چپت

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰǽt̪]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰǽt̪]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰǽt̪]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰǽt̪]

[t͡ʃʰæ.pʰǽt̪]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰǽt̪]

Related to Khwarezmian [script needed] (čābātān, “thick boots”). Possibly loaned to Romance words such as Spanish zapato, French savate, Italian ciabatta, etc.

cog

a traditional leather shoe made in Khorasan


وروجک

fa-adj

وروجک • (vorujak) (comparative وروجکتَر (vorujak-tar), superlative وروجکتَرین (vorujak-tarin))

vorujak (romanization)
وروجکتَر (comparative)
وروجکتَرین (superlative)

Possibly from Gilaki وروتن (vörütən, “to run away”) (present stem وروج (vörüj)), and the suffix ک (ak).


حاشا

head

حاشا • (hâšâ)

حاشا که من به موسم گل ترک می کنم
من لاف عقل میزنم، این کار کی کنم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 351”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

God forbid that I refrain from wine in the season of the rose;
How could I do such a thing, when I boast of my rationality?

hāšā ki man ba mawsim-i gul tark-i may kunam
man lāf-i aql mē-zanam, īn kār kay kunam

(literary, with که) God forbid, heaven forbid, far be it...


نیستی

From Middle Persian LOYT-yh’ (nēstīh, “non-existence”), logogram LOYT from Aramaic.


خونیرث

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwnyls’ /xwanīrah/, “Xwanirah”), with the influence of Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (xᵛaniraθa).

(Zoroastrianism) Xwanirah, the central and largest of the continents in Zoroastrianism and Old Iranian Mythology, believed to be the region where the most advanced civilizations on earth reside.

(obsolete) The homeland of the Aryan (Iranian) people.


منجنیق

Borrowed from Arabic مَنْجَنِيق (manjanīq).


سالار

head

سالار • (sâlâr) (plural سالارها (sâlâr-hâ) or سالاران (sâlârân))

sâlâr (romanization)
سالارها (plural)
سالاران (plural)

Urdu: سالار (sālār)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (srdʾl /sālār/), a pre-Middle Persian compound of 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /sar/, “head”) + [script needed] (-dʾr /-dār/, “-holder, -keeper”), with the regular phonetic shift *sar(a)-dàr(a)- > *sardàr > *sarlàr > sālār. Compare دل (del), گل (gol) for the phonetic change. Note Old Armenian սաղար (sałar), an Iranian borrowing. Doublet of سردار (sardâr).


سالار

head

سالار • (sâlâr)


خویش

خویش • (xiš)

→ Urdu: خویش (xīš)

→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)

From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.
The first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé. (compare Persian خود (xod, “self”))


خویش

head

خویش • (xiš)

fa-noun

خویش • (xiš)


پارسال

head

پارسال • (pârsâl)

[pɑːɾ.ˈsɑːl]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɔːɾ.sɔ́ːl̥]

[pʰɒːɹ.sɒ́ːl̥]

A compound of پار (pâr, “last”) + سال (sâl, “year”).
The first component is from Old Persian [script needed] (paruva), from Proto-Iranian *pṛHwo-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (cognates include English before), and the second component is from Middle Persian ŠNT (sāl, “year”), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard-, θarad-/, “year”), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.


صورتى

[suː.ɾä.t̪ʰíː]

[suː.ɾä.t̪ʰíː]

[suː.ɾä.t̪ʰíː]

[suː.ɹæ.t̪ʰíː]

From صورت (surat, “face”), from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra), because the complexion of skin gives off a pink undertone.


گوزن

→ Urdu: گوزن (gauzan)

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭠𐭦𐭭 (gʿʾzn /gawazn/, “deer”), from Proto-Iranian *gavasna- (“deer”), perhaps from a suffixed form of *gā́wš (“cow”) + *Hajáh (“goat”), or from the BMAC substrate. Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (gauuasna).


سال پیش

head

سال پیش • (sâl-e piš)

From سال (sâl, “year”) + پیش (piš, “past, last”).


سال گذشته

From سال (sâl, “year”) + گذشته (gozašte, “past, last”).


هوشیار

head

هوشیار • (hôšyâr)

fa-noun

هوشیار • (hôšyâr)

[hoːʃ.ˈjɑːɾ]

[hoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[hoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔʊːʃ.jɔ́ːɾ]

[huːʃ.jɒ́ːɹ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭱𐭣𐭠𐭫 (ōšyār, “conscious”), a pre-Middle Persian compound equivalent to Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭱 (ōš, “consciousness, intellect”) + 𐭣𐭠𐭫 (dār, “having”), with a phonetic shift *ušiy-dar > *ušiy-yar > *ušiyar > ōšyār.
The first component is from Old Persian [script needed] (ušiy, “consciousness, intelligence”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (compare Northern Kurdish hiş), while the second component is from Middle Persian, from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *dar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar- (to hold, carry; to bear, support), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”).


هوشیار

head

هوشیار • (hôšyâr)

[hoːʃ.ˈjɑːɾ]

[hoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[hoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔoːʃ.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔʊːʃ.jɔ́ːɾ]

[huːʃ.jɒ́ːɹ]


صنار

صنار • (senâr)

چنار چنار#Persian

(rare) Alternative form of چنار (čenâr, “oriental plane (Platanus orientalis)”)


یاسمن‌ها

یاسمنها • (yâsaman-hâ)

یاسمنها (canonical)
yâsaman-hâ (romanization)

یاسمن یاسمن#Persian


یاسمن

یاسمن • (yâsaman) (plural یاسمنها (yâsaman-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn)
Gulf Arabic: ياسمين (yāsmīn)
Hijazi Arabic: ياسمين (yāsmīn, yāsamīn)
Moroccan Arabic: ياسمين (yāsmīn)
→ Catalan: gessamí, llessamí
→ French: jasmin
→ Danish: jasmin
→ English: jasmine
→ Galician: xasmín
→⇒ Italian: gelsomino
→ Portuguese: jasmim
→ Spanish: jazmín
→ German: Jasmin
→ Sicilian: gesiminu, giasiminu, gesuminu, gessuminu, gersuminu, gelsiminu, gelsuminu
→ Maltese: ġiżimin, ġiżmin, ġesmina, ġeżmina
→ Swahili: asumini

→ Armenian: յասաման (yasaman)

→ Azerbaijani: yasəmən

→ Georgian: იასამანი (iasamani)

→ Ottoman Turkish: یاسمین (yasemin), یاسمن (yasemen), یاسمون (yasemun), یاسم (yasem), եասէմի (yasemi)
Turkish: yasemin, (dialectal) yesmin
→ Albanian: jasemin
→ Armenian: եասէմի (easēmi)
→ Aromanian: easamin
→ Bulgarian: ясмин (jasmin)
→ Greek: γιασεμί (giasemí)
→ Albanian: jasemi
→ Aromanian: easamiu
→ Romanian: iasomie
→ Ladino: yasemin
→ Macedonian: јасмин (jasmin)
→ Serbo-Croatian: jàsmīn／ја̀смӣн

Etymology tree
Middle Persian yʾsmn'
Persian یاسمن
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾsmn' /yāsaman/, “jasmine”). Akin to Sogdian 𐫝𐫀𐫢𐫖𐫗 (cʾšmn /jāsmin/) and the Iranian borrowings: Classical Syriac ܝܣܡܐ (yasmā), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic יסמין (/ysmyn/), Byzantine Greek ἰάσμη (iásmē), Old Armenian յասմիկ (yasmik).


سکوره

head

سکوره • (classical sukôra, iranian sokure)

classical sukôra (romanization)
iranian sokure (romanization)

→ Cappadocian Greek: σκουρά (skourá)

→ Georgian: უსკურა (usḳura)

→ Gujarati: શકોરું (śakorũ)

→ Hindi: सकोरा (sakorā)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: êskere, uskere, sekre

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ուսկուռայ (uskuṙay), ուսկուրայ (uskuray), սկուռայ (skuṙay)

Armenian: ուսկուրա (uskura), ուսկուր (uskur) (dialectal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوسكوره (üsküre)

Turkish: üsküre

Compare the Iranian loanwords: Classical Syriac ܣܩܪܩܐ (sqrqˀ), ܣܝܩܘܪܩܐ (syqwrqˀ /sīqūrqā/), Arabic سُكُرُّجَة (sukurruja), Proto-Slavic *skovorda and Old Armenian սկաւառակ (skawaṙak), the latter probably from earlier *սկաւար(ի)րակ (*skawar(i)rak), from Iranian *skavarid-ak containing the well-known suffix -ակ (-ak).
Probably borrowed from Ancient Greek σκευάριον (skeuárion, “small vessel”), from σκεῦος (skeûos). The Slavic and probably the Armenian reveal a form with a -d-, for which compare Ancient Greek σκευαρίδιον (skeuarídion, “small vessel”).


کدوم

کدوم خونه مال شماست؟

Which house is yours? colloquial Tehrani Persian

کدام کدام#Persian

(Iran, colloquial-um) Spoken form of کدام (kodâm).


دپارتمان

head

دپارتمان • (depârtemân)

fa-noun

دپارتمان • (depârtemân)


اهواز

head

اهواز • (ahvâz)

fa-proper noun

اهواز • (ahvâz)

From Arabic أَهْوَاز (ʔahwāz), a shortened form of سُوق الْأَهْوَاز (sūq al-ʔahwāz), a calque of Middle Persian Hūǰestān-wāzār (literally “the market of Khuzestan”), name of a major town in Sassanian-era. The word is the broken-plural form of Middle Persian hwc (Hūz).

der

Ahvaz (a city in southern Iran, capital of the Khuzestan Province)


خوزستان

head

خوزستان • (xuzestân)

fa-proper noun

خوزستان • (xuzestân)

From خوز (xuz, “Susia”) and ـستان (-estân, “place”), meaning land of the Khuzi (Susian) people, the original inhabitants of the region. Alternatively borrowed wholly from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭰𐭮𐭲𐭭 (ḥʿcstn /hūzestān/, literally “land of Hūz”), itself from [script needed] (hwc /hūz/) + -stan (-stʾn' /-estān/).
The first component is from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎩 (u-v-j /ʰūvja-/, “Elam, Elamite”), or from the name of Susa. Etymologically, compare اهواز, the Arabized broken-plural of Middle Persian [script needed] (hwc /hūz/, “Susia”).


مورچگان

head

مورچگان • (murčegân)

مورچه مورچه#Persian


چاه‌ها

چاهها • (čâh-hâ)


یوزپلنگ‌ها

یوزپلنگها (canonical)
yuzpalang-hâ (romanization)

یوزپلنگ یوزپلنگ#Persian


اورنگ

→ Azerbaijani: övrəng

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: औरंग (auraṅg)

Urdu: اورنگ (aurang)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اَوْرَنْك (evrenk)

Turkish: evrenk

→ Pashto: اورنګ (awrang)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਔਰੰਗ (auraṅg)

Shahmukhi script: اَوْرَنْگ (aurang)

[ʔow.ɹǽɲɡʲ̥]

افرنگ افرنگ#Persian


استوانه‌ها

استوانهها • (ostovâne-hâ)

استوانهها (canonical)
ostovâne-hâ (romanization)

استوانه استوانه#Persian


استوانه

استوانه • (ostovâne) (plural استوانهها (ostovâne-hâ))

ostovâne (romanization)
استوانهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic أُسْطُوَانَة (ʔusṭuwāna), from Aramaic אִיסְטְוָונָא (ʾesṭwānā, “column, pillar”), from Middle Persian stwn' (stūn, “column, pillar”). Compare ستون (sotun, “pillar, column”).

bor+

أُسْطُوَانَة

bor

אִיסְטְוָונָא


ملکه حاکم

head

ملکههای حاکم

ملکه حاکم • (malake-ye hâkem) (plural ملکههای حاکم)

fa-noun

ملکههای حاکم

malake-ye hâkem (romanization)
ملکههای حاکم (plural)

From ملکه + حاکم, corresponding to English “ruling Queen”.

queen regnant (a female monarch who reigns in her own right)

fa:ملکه حاکم


ملکه همسر

head

ملکههای همسر

ملکه همسر • (maleke-ye hamsar) (plural ملکههای همسر)

fa-noun

ملکههای همسر

maleke-ye hamsar (romanization)
ملکههای همسر (plural)

From ملکه + همسر, corresponding to English “spousal Queen”.

fa:ملکه همسر


دغا

head

دغا • (dağâ)

fa-noun

دغا • (dağâ)


سدره

head

سدره • (sodre, sedre) (plural سدرهها (sodre, sedre-hâ))

sodre (romanization)
sedre (romanization)
سدرهها (plural)

a kind of undertunic worn by Zoroastrians


مرگ بر

[mæɹɡʲ̥ bæɹ]

مرگ بر آمریکا!


مغاک‌ها

مغاکها • (mağâk-hâ)

مغاکها (canonical)
mağâk-hâ (romanization)

مغاک مغاک#Persian


مغاک‌ترین

مغاکترین • (mağâk-tarin)

مغاکترین (canonical)
mağâk-tarin (romanization)

[mæˈɣɒːkʰt̪ʰæˈɾiːn]

[mæˈɣɒːkt̪ʰæˈɾiːn]

مغاک مغاک#Persian


مغاک‌تر

مغاکتر • (mağâk-tar)

مغاکتر (canonical)
mağâk-tar (romanization)

[mæɣɒːkʰˈt̪ʰæɾ]

[mæɣɒːkˈt̪ʰæɾ]

مغاک مغاک#Persian


مغاک

مغاک • (mağâk) (plural مغاکها (mağâk-hâ))

From مَغ (mağ, “hole”) + ـاک (-âk), from Middle Persian mγ (maγ, “hole, pit”).

(Omar Khayyam, 11-12 c.)

از تن چو برفت جان پاک من و تو

خشتی دو نهند بر مغاک من و تو

وآنگاه برای خشت گور دگران

در کالبدی کشند خاک من و تو
az tan čo beraft jân-e pâk-e man o to
xešti do nehand bar mağâk-e man o to
v-ângâh barâye xešt-e gur-e degarân
dar kâlbodi kešand xâk-e man o to
[translation needed].

well (a hole dug for water and other resources)

مغاک میلواکی نام ژرفترین نقطه اقیانوس اطلس است

The Milwaukee Deep is the name of the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean.

Mağâk-e Milvâki nâm-e žarf-tarin noqte-ye Oqyânus-e Atlas ast.


مغاک

fa-adj

مغاک • (mağâk) (comparative مغاکتَر (mağâk-tar), superlative مغاکتَرین (mağâk-tarin))

mağâk (romanization)
مغاکتَر (comparative)
مغاکتَرین (superlative)


سالار‌ها

head

سالارها • (sâlâr-hâ)

سالارها (canonical)
sâlâr-hâ (romanization)

سالار سالار#Persian


سالاران

سالاران • (sâlârân)

سالار سالار#Persian


مشروب

مشروب • (mašrub) (plural مشروبها (mašrub-hâ) or مشروبات (mašrubât))

mašrub (romanization)
مشروبها (plural)
مشروبات (plural)

مشروب ایران غیر قانون هست.


مشروب

fa-adj

مشروب • (mašrub)


دامادها

head

دامادها • (dâmâd-hâ)

داماد داماد#Persian


عروس‌ها

عروسها (canonical)
'arus-hâ (romanization)

عروس عروس#Persian


اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (andiše-ye nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

andiše-ye nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[ʔan.deː.ʃa.ji neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kiɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪eː.ʃä.jɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰɪɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪eː.ʃä.ji neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰiɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔæn̪.d̪iːʃe.je niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[ʔän̪.d̪e.ʃä.ji nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰiɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

cal

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds
Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds; a phrase that represents the three pillars of Zoroastrian Faith

en-اندیشه_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-3Vcga6yM

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik


دینار‌ها

head

دینارها • (dinâr-hâ)

دینارها (canonical)
dinâr-hâ (romanization)

دینار دینار#Persian


دینار

دینار • (dinâr) (plural دینارها (dinâr-hâ))

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dynʾl' /dēnār/, “(gold) dinar”), from Ancient Greek δηνάριον (dēnárion), from Latin dēnārius, perhaps through Aramaic דֵּינָרָא / ܕܝܢܪܐ (dēnārā).

bor

Aramaic דֵּינָרָא


پاداش

head

پاداش • (pâdâš) (plural پاداشها (pâdâš-hâ))

desc

→ Urdu: پاداش (pādāś)

→ Urdu: پاداش (pādāś)

→ Hindi: पादाश (pādāś)

[pʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːʃ]

[pʰɔː.d̪ɔ́ːʃ]

[pʰɒː.d̪ɒ́ːʃ]

From Middle Persian pʾtdʾšn' (pādāšn, “reward, retribution”).


دنبال آمدن

head

دنبالآمدن • (donbâl âmadan)

fa-verb

دنبالآمدن • (donbâl âmadan)

دنبالآمدن (canonical)
donbâl âmadan (romanization)
دنبال آمدن (infinitive)
donbâl âmadán (infinitive)
دنبال آ (present stem)
donbâl â (present stem)
دنبال آمد (past stem)
donbâl âmad (past stem)
دنبال آینده (participle present)
donbâl âyandé (participle present)
دنبال آمده (participle past)
donbâl âmadé (participle past)
دنبال آیم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
donbâl ấyam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دنبال آیی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
donbâl ấyi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
دنبال آید (aorist indicative singular third-person)
donbâl ấyad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دنبال آییم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
donbâl ấyim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دنبال آیید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
donbâl ấyid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دنبال آیند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
donbâl ấyand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
دنبال میآیم (first-person indicative present singular)
donbâl mí-âyam (first-person indicative present singular)
دنبال میآیی (indicative present second-person singular)
donbâl mí-âyi (indicative present second-person singular)
دنبال میآید (indicative present singular third-person)
donbâl mí-âyad (indicative present singular third-person)
دنبال میآییم (first-person indicative plural present)
donbâl mí-âyim (first-person indicative plural present)
دنبال میآیید (indicative plural present second-person)
donbâl mí-âyid (indicative plural present second-person)
دنبال میآیند (indicative plural present third-person)
donbâl mí-âyand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم دنبال میآیم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram donbâl mí-âyam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری دنبال میآیی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri donbâl mí-âyi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد دنبال میآید (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad donbâl mí-âyad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم دنبال میآییم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim donbâl mí-âyim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید دنبال میآیید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid donbâl mí-âyid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند دنبال میآیند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand donbâl mí-âyand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دنبال آمدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
donbâl âmadé-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دنبال آمدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
donbâl âmadé-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دنبال آمده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
donbâl âmadé ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دنبال آمدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
donbâl âmadé-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دنبال آمدهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
donbâl âmadé-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دنبال آمدهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
donbâl âmadé-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دنبال آمدم (first-person indicative past singular)
donbâl âmádam (first-person indicative past singular)
دنبال آمدی (indicative past second-person singular)
donbâl âmádi (indicative past second-person singular)
دنبال آمد (indicative past singular third-person)
donbâl âmad (indicative past singular third-person)
دنبال آمدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
donbâl âmádim (first-person indicative past plural)
دنبال آمدید (indicative past plural second-person)
donbâl âmádid (indicative past plural second-person)
دنبال آمدند (indicative past plural third-person)
donbâl âmádand (indicative past plural third-person)
دنبال میآمدم (first-person indicative past singular)
donbâl mí-âmadam (first-person indicative past singular)
دنبال میآمدی (indicative past second-person singular)
donbâl mí-âmadi (indicative past second-person singular)
دنبال میآمد (indicative past singular third-person)
donbâl mí-âmad (indicative past singular third-person)
دنبال میآمدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
donbâl mí-âmadim (first-person indicative past plural)
دنبال میآمدید (indicative past plural second-person)
donbâl mí-âmadid (indicative past plural second-person)
دنبال میآمدند (indicative past plural third-person)
donbâl mí-âmadand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم دنبال میآمدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam donbâl mí-âmadam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی دنبال میآمدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti donbâl mí-âmadi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت دنبال میآمد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt donbâl mí-âmad (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم دنبال میآمدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim donbâl mí-âmadim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید دنبال میآمدید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid donbâl mí-âmadid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند دنبال میآمدند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand donbâl mí-âmadand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دنبال آمده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
donbâl âmadé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دنبال آمده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
donbâl âmadé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دنبال آمده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
donbâl âmadé búd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دنبال آمده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
donbâl âmadé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دنبال آمده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
donbâl âmadé búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دنبال آمده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
donbâl âmadé búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
دنبال خواهم آمد (first-person future indicative singular)
donbâl xâhám âmad (first-person future indicative singular)
دنبال خواهی آمد (future indicative second-person singular)
donbâl xâhí âmad (future indicative second-person singular)
دنبال خواهد آمد (future indicative singular third-person)
donbâl xâhád âmad (future indicative singular third-person)
دنبال خواهیم آمد (first-person future indicative plural)
donbâl xâhím âmad (first-person future indicative plural)
دنبال خواهید آمد (future indicative plural second-person)
donbâl xâhíd âmad (future indicative plural second-person)
دنبال خواهند آمد (future indicative plural third-person)
donbâl xâhánd âmad (future indicative plural third-person)
دنبال بیایم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
donbâl biyâyam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
دنبال بیایی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
donbâl biyâyi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
دنبال بیاید (present singular subjunctive third-person)
donbâl biyâyad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
دنبال بیاییم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
donbâl biyâyim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
دنبال بیایید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
donbâl biyâyid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
دنبال بیایند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
donbâl biyâyand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دنبال آمده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
donbâl âmadé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دنبال آمده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
donbâl âmadé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دنبال آمده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
donbâl âmadé bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دنبال آمده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
donbâl âmadé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دنبال آمده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
donbâl âmadé bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دنبال آمده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
donbâl âmadé bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
دنبال بیا (imperative second-person singular)
donbâl biyâ (imperative second-person singular)
دنبال بیایید (imperative plural second-person)
donbâl biyâyid (imperative plural second-person)
دنبال اومدن (infinitive)
donbâl umadán (infinitive)
دنبال آ (present stem)
donbâl â (present stem)
دنبال اومد (past stem)
donbâl umad (past stem)
دنبال آینده (participle present)
donbâl âyandé (participle present)
دنبال اومده (participle past)
donbâl umadé (participle past)
دنبال آم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
donbâl âm (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دنبال آی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
donbâl ây (aorist indicative second-person singular)
دنبال آد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
donbâl âd (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دنبال آیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
donbâl âym (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دنبال آین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
donbâl âyn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دنبال آن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
donbâl ân (aorist indicative plural third-person)
دنبال میآم (first-person indicative present singular)
donbâl mí-âm (first-person indicative present singular)
دنبال میآی (indicative present second-person singular)
donbâl mí-ây (indicative present second-person singular)
دنبال میآد (indicative present singular third-person)
donbâl mí-âd (indicative present singular third-person)
دنبال میآیم (first-person indicative plural present)
donbâl mí-âym (first-person indicative plural present)
دنبال میآین (indicative plural present second-person)
donbâl mí-âyn (indicative plural present second-person)
دنبال میآن (indicative plural present third-person)
donbâl mí-ân (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم دنبال میآم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram donbâl mí-âm (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری دنبال میآی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri donbâl mí-ây (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره دنبال میآد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre donbâl mí-âd (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم دنبال میآیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim donbâl mí-âym (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین دنبال میآین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin donbâl mí-âyn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن دنبال میآن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran donbâl mí-ân (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دنبال اومدهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
donbâl umadám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دنبال اومدهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
donbâl umadí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دنبال اومده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
donbâl umadé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دنبال اومدهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
donbâl umadím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دنبال اومدهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
donbâl umadín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دنبال اومدهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
donbâl umadán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دنبال اومدم (first-person indicative past singular)
donbâl umádam (first-person indicative past singular)
دنبال اومدی (indicative past second-person singular)
donbâl umádi (indicative past second-person singular)
دنبال اومد (indicative past singular third-person)
donbâl umád (indicative past singular third-person)
دنبال اومدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
donbâl umádim (first-person indicative past plural)
دنبال اومدین (indicative past plural second-person)
donbâl umádin (indicative past plural second-person)
دنبال اومدن (indicative past plural third-person)
donbâl umádan (indicative past plural third-person)
دنبال میاومدم (first-person indicative past singular)
donbâl mí-umadam (first-person indicative past singular)
دنبال میاومدی (indicative past second-person singular)
donbâl mí-umadi (indicative past second-person singular)
دنبال میاومد (indicative past singular third-person)
donbâl mí-umad (indicative past singular third-person)
دنبال میاومدیم (first-person indicative past plural)
donbâl mí-umadim (first-person indicative past plural)
دنبال میاومدین (indicative past plural second-person)
donbâl mí-umadin (indicative past plural second-person)
دنبال میاومدن (indicative past plural third-person)
donbâl mí-umadan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم دنبال میاومدم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam donbâl mí-umadam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی دنبال میاومدی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti donbâl mí-umadi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت دنبال میاومد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt donbâl mí-umad (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم دنبال میاومدیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim donbâl mí-umadim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین دنبال میاومدین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin donbâl mí-umadin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن دنبال میاومدن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan donbâl mí-umadan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دنبال اومده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
donbâl umadé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دنبال اومده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
donbâl umadé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دنبال اومده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
donbâl umadé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دنبال اومده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
donbâl umadé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دنبال اومده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
donbâl umadé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دنبال اومده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
donbâl umadé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
دنبال بیام (first-person present singular subjunctive)
donbâl biyâm (first-person present singular subjunctive)
دنبال بیای (present second-person singular subjunctive)
donbâl biyây (present second-person singular subjunctive)
دنبال بیاد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
donbâl biyâd (present singular subjunctive third-person)
دنبال بیایم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
donbâl biyâym (first-person plural present subjunctive)
دنبال بیاین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
donbâl biyâyn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
دنبال بیان (plural present subjunctive third-person)
donbâl biyân (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دنبال اومده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
donbâl umadé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دنبال اومده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
donbâl umadé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دنبال اومده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
donbâl umadé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دنبال اومده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
donbâl umadé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دنبال اومده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
donbâl umadé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دنبال اومده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
donbâl umadé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
دنبال بیا (imperative second-person singular)
donbâl biyâ (imperative second-person singular)
دنبال بیاین (imperative plural second-person)
donbâl biyâyn (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دنبال آمدن</i> (donbâl âmadán) (literary Iranian Persian)

دنبال میآمدیم

دنبال میآمدم

دنبال میآمدید

دنبال میآمدی

دنبال میآمدند

دنبال میآییم

دنبال میآیید

دنبال میآیند

داشتیم دنبال میآمدیم

داشتم دنبال میآمدم

داشتید دنبال میآمدید

داشتی دنبال میآمدی

داشتند دنبال میآمدند

داشت دنبال میآمد

داریم دنبال میآییم

دارم دنبال میآیم

دارید دنبال میآیید

داری دنبال میآیی

دارند دنبال میآیند

دارد دنبال میآید

دنبال آمدهایم

دنبال آمدهام

دنبال آمدهاید

دنبال آمدهای

دنبال آمدهاند

دنبال آمده است

دنبال آمده بودیم

دنبال آمده بودم

دنبال آمده بودید

دنبال آمده بودی

دنبال آمده بودند

دنبال آمده بود

دنبال خواهیم آمد

دنبال خواهم آمد

دنبال خواهید آمد

دنبال خواهی آمد

دنبال خواهند آمد

دنبال خواهد آمد

دنبال آمده باشیم

دنبال آمده باشم

دنبال آمده باشید

دنبال آمده باشی

دنبال آمده باشند

دنبال آمده باشد

دنبال بیاییم

دنبال بیایید

دنبال بیایند

دنبال بیایید

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دنبال اومدن</i> (donbâl umadán) (colloquial Tehrani)

دنبال اومدیم

دنبال اومدین

دنبال میاومدیم

دنبال میاومدم

دنبال میاومدین

دنبال میاومدی

دنبال میاومدن

دنبال میاومد

داشتیم دنبال میاومدیم

داشتم دنبال میاومدم

داشتین دنبال میاومدین

داشتی دنبال میاومدی

داشتن دنبال میاومدن

داشت دنبال میاومد

داریم دنبال میآیم

دارم دنبال میآم

دارین دنبال میآین

داری دنبال میآی

دارن دنبال میآن

داره دنبال میآد

دنبال اومدهایم

دنبال اومدهام

دنبال اومدهاین

دنبال اومدهای

دنبال اومدهان

دنبال اومده بودیم

دنبال اومده بودم

دنبال اومده بودین

دنبال اومده بودی

دنبال اومده بودن

دنبال اومده بود

دنبال اومده باشیم

دنبال اومده باشم

دنبال اومده باشین

دنبال اومده باشی

دنبال اومده باشن

دنبال اومده باشه


احشوروش

head

احشوروش • (ahašveroš)

fa-proper noun

احشوروش • (ahašveroš)


مارمولک

head

مارْمولَک • (mârmulak) (plural مارمولکها (mârmulak-hâ))

مارْمولَک (canonical)
mârmulak (romanization)
مارمولکها (plural)


درنگ

درنگ • (derang) (plural درنگها (derang-hâ))

→ Bengali: দেরেঙ্গ (dereṅgo)

[d̪e.ɹæɲɡʲ̥]

Inherited from Middle Persian dlng' (drang, “period, duration”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *drangah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *drangʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”), see there for cognates.

inh+

سالم از دزدان و از آسیب سنگ
 برد تا دار الخلافه بیدرنگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2736:

He bore it without delay, safe from robbers and unhurt by stones, to the seat of the Caliphate (the Caliph's palace).

sālim az duzdān u az āsēb-i-sang
 burd tā dāru l-xilāfa bē-dirang


هجر

شب وصل است و طی شد نامه هجر
سلام فیه حتی مطلع الفجر

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 251”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

It is the night of union [between the lovers], and the book of separation is settled:
Salāmun fīhi ḥattā maṭlaʕi l-fajr [Arabic: Peace in it until the break of dawn.]

šab-i wasl ast u tay šud nāma-yi hajr
salāmun fīhi hattā matla'i l-fajr

(poetic) separation (from friends or the beloved)


حرارتی

انرژی حرارتی


متغیر

changeable (subject to sudden or frequent changes, for example of the weather)

(of a date) movable (changing from one time to another)

(mathematics) variable (having no fixed quantitative value)


متغیر

head

متغیر • (moteğayyer) (plural متعیرها (moteğayyer-hâ))

moteğayyer (romanization)
متعیرها (plural)

(mathematics) variable (quantity that may assume any one of a set of values)


دما

دما • (damâ)

fa-noun

دما • (damâ)


دماسنج

head

دَماسَنْج • (damâsanj) (plural دماسنجها (damâ-sanj-hâ))

دَماسَنْج (canonical)
damâsanj (romanization)
دماسنجها (plural)

From دَما (damâ, “temperature”) + ـسَنج (sanj, “-meter”).


گرمایی

fa-adj

گرمایی • (garmâyi)

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.jíː]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.jíː]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.jíː]

[ɡäɾ.mɔː.jí]

[ɡʲæɹ.mɒː.jíː]

المنت گرمایی

heat-sensitive, heat-intolerant (of someone who feels the heat)


کمدی

head

کمدی • (komedi) (plural کمدیها (komedi-hâ))


حرارت

[hä.ɾɑː.ɾǽt̪]

[hä.ɾɑː.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔä.ɾɑː.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔä.ɾɔː.ɾǽt̪]

[hæ.ɹɒː.ɹǽt̪]

[hä.ɾɔ.ɾǽt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَارَة (ḥarāra, “heat”).


مازوج

head

مازوج • (mâzuj)

fa-noun

مازوج • (mâzuj)

[mɑː.zúːd͡ʒ]

[mɑː.zúːd͡ʒ]

[mɑː.zúːd͡ʒ]

[mɔː.zúd͡ʒ̥]

[mɒː.zúːd͡ʒ̥]

مازو مازو#Persian

Alternative form of مازو (mâzu, “oak gall”)


معرفت‌شناسی

معرفتشناسی (canonical)
ma'refat-šenâsi (romanization)

From معرفت (ma'refat, “knowledge”) + ـشناسی (-šenâsi, “-logy”).

af

fa:معرفت‌شناسی


شوکران

head

شوکران • (šowkarân)

fa-noun

شوکران • (šowkarân)

→ Arabic: شَوْكَرَان (šawkarān)

[ʃäw.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[ʃäw.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[ʃäw.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[ʃäw.kʰä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[ʃow.kʰʲæ.ɹɒ́ːn]

[ʃäw.kʰä.ɾɔ́n]

Through a Semitic borrowing, however a false cognate to the Semitic root for drunkenness, intoxication (Arabic س ك ر (s-k-r)); from a form equaling Aramaic שׁכרונא / ܫܲܟܪܘܿܢܵܐ (šaḵrōnā, “henbane”), Hebrew שִׁכָּרוֹן (šikārōn, “henbane”), Arabic سَكْرَان (sakrān), سَيْكَرَان (saykarān, “henbane”). Derived from Akkadian 𒌑𒅫 (^(U₂).ŠAKIR /šakirû/, “a plant, drug”), ultimately a loan from Sumerian 𒌑𒅫 (^(U₂).ŠAKIR /šakir/, “a plant, drug”).

cog

Aramaic שׁכרונא

der

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual

hemlock (Conium gen. et spp., particularly Conium maculatum)


مازو

head

مازو • (mâzu)

fa-noun

مازو • (mâzu)

→ Hindi: माजूफल (mājūphal)

desc

→ Urdu: ماجو (mājū), مازو (māzū), ماجوپهل (mājūphal)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مازو (mazu, mazı), مازی (mazı)
Turkish: mazı
→ Armenian: մազի (mazi)

Akin to Central Kurdish مازوو (mazû), Northern Kurdish mazî, Southern Kurdish مازێ (mazê), and Gurani مازوو (mâzû), and Chinese 沒食子／没食子 (mòshízǐ), a Middle Iranian borrowing, all meaning the oak apple.

gall nut, oak apple, oak gall, gall apple, Aleppo gall

(usually دار مازو (dâr mâzu)) gall oak, Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria)


اوستاد

head

اوستاد • (ustâd)

fa-noun

اوستاد • (ustâd)

استاد استاد#Persian

Alternative form of استاد, now rare and generally replaced by استاد (ostâd) in standard writing and speech.


استادها

head

استادها • (ostâd-hâ)

From استاد (ostâd, “professor”) + ـها (-hâ), the inanimate plural marker.

استاد استاد#Persian


استادانه‌ترین

استادانهترین • (ostâdâne-tarin)

استادانهترین (canonical)
ostâdâne-tarin (romanization)

استادانه استادانه#Persian


استادانه‌تر

استادانهتر • (ostâdâne-tar)

استادانهتر (canonical)
ostâdâne-tar (romanization)

استادانه استادانه#Persian


اساتید

اساتید • (asâtid)

[ʔä.sɑː.t̪ʰíːd̪]

[ʔä.sɑː.t̪ʰíːd̪]

[ʔä.sɑː.t̪ʰíːd̪]

[ʔä.sɔː.t̪ʰíd̪̥]

[ʔæ.sɒː.t̪ʰíːd̪̥]

[ʔä.sɔ.t̪ʰíd̪]

استاد استاد#Persian


استادان

استادان • (ostâdân)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔː.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒː.d̪ɒ́ːn]

From استاد (ostâd, “professor”) + ـان (-ân), the animate plural marker.

استاد استاد#Persian


استاذ

استاذ • (ostâz)

fa-noun

استاذ • (ostâz)

استاد استاد#Persian

Alternative form of استاد, now considered an archaic form and virtually completely replaced by استاد (ostad).


استادانه

fa-adj

استادانه • (ostâdâne) (comparative استادانهتَر (ostâdâne-tar), superlative استادانهتَرین (ostâdâne-tarin))

ostâdâne (romanization)
استادانهتَر (comparative)
استادانهتَرین (superlative)

→ Urdu: استادانہ (ustādanah)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑː.nä]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑː.nä]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑː.d̪ɑː.nä]

From استاد (ostâd, “professor”) + ـانه (-âne), a combining adjective marker.


شریف

fa-adj

شریف • (šarif)

مرد شریف

دودمانی شریف

چون که دزدی باری آن در لطیف
چون که حامل میشوی باری شریف

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1428:

As you (must) steal, at any rate (let it be) that lovely pearl;
as you are going to bear a burden, at any rate (let it be) a noble one.

čōn ki duzdī bār-ē ān dar latīf
čōn ki hāmil mē-šawī bār-ē-i šarīf

اسم شریف شما

(honorific) Used as an honorific adjective.


شریف

head

شریف • (šarif) (plural اشراف (ašrâf) or شرفا (šorafâ) or شریفان (šarifân))

šarif (romanization)
اشراف (plural)
شرفا (plural)
شریفان (plural)

طبقه اشراف


شریف

شریف • (šarif)

مجید شریف ― majid-e šarif ― Majid Sharif (Iranian writer)


عرض حال

عرضحال عرضحال#Persian

Alternative spelling of عرضحال ('arzehâl, “petition”)


عرضحال

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: عرضحال (arzıhal, arzuhal), عرض حال (arz-ı hal)
Turkish: arzuhâl
→ Arabic: عَرْضُحَال (ʕarḍuḥāl)
→ Albanian: arzuál, arzuhál
→ Armenian: արզուհալ (arzuhal), արզըհալ (arzəhal)
→ Bulgarian: харзува́л (harzuvál), арзуха́л (arzuhál), арзоха́л (arzohál), харзуха́л (harzuhál), харзуа́л (harzuál)
→ Greek: αρζοχάλι (arzocháli), αρζιχάλι (arzicháli), αρζουχάλι (arzoucháli), αρτζοχάλι (artzocháli), αρτζιχάλι (artzicháli), αρτζουχάλι (artzoucháli)
→ Hungarian: arzuál, arzoál, harzuál
→ Macedonian: харзувал (harzuval), арзухал (arzuhal)
→ Romanian: arzihál, arzuhál, arzohál, arzahál, arzehál, arzavál, arzovál, harzovál
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: арзу̀ха̄л, арзо̀ха̄л, арзу̀ва̄л, арзо̀ва̄л, арзо̀ва̄н
Latin script: arzùhāl, arzòhāl, arzùvāl, arzòvāl, arzòvān

Ezafe of عرض ('arz) from Arabic عَرْض (ʕarḍ, “presentation”) + حال (hâl) from Arabic حَال (ḥāl, “case, state of things”).


نصرالله

Borrowed from Arabic نصر الله (naṣr allāh).


فتح‌الله

فتحالله (canonical)
fath-ollâh (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic فَتْح اللّٰه (fatḥ allāh).

فَتْح اللّٰه

a male given name, Fathollah, from Arabic, meaning “victory of God”


بی گدار به آب زدن

head

بی گدار به آب زدن • (bi godâr be âb zadan)

The idiomatic phrase translates literally to English: “to cross (lit. hit) a (body of) water (that is) without a ford.” Supposedly, before the Modern Era when most travellers had to travel through rivers without bridges, they had to find and pass through the shallow areas (fords) in order to avoid the risk of drowning. Thus, this idiom regurgitates the importance of preforming a task only after considering the possible dangers involved. Compare English idiomatic equivalents: “to throw caution to the wind”, “ to look before you leap.”

(idiomatic) to perform an action before considering the risks associated

(idiomatic) to make a decision before considering its aspects or facets


شاهقلی

شاهقلی • (šâhqoli)

fa-proper noun

شاهقلی • (šâhqoli)

[ʃɑːɦ.qʊ.líː]

[ʃɑːɦ.qʊ.líː]

[ʃɑː.qʊ.líː]

[ʃɒːɦ.ɢo.líː]

Borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish, being a compound of شاه (“shah”) + Old Anatolian Turkish قلی (the possessed form of قل (“slave”)), literally “slave of the Shah”; compare Azerbaijani Şahqulu, Chagatai شاهقلی, Turkish Şahkulu.

compound

the possessed form of <i class="Arab ota-Arab mention" lang="trk-oat">قل</i> (“slave”)

a male given name, Shahqoli, from Old Anatolian Turkish.


قومی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ौमी (qaumī)

Urdu: قومی (kaumī)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਮੀ (kaumī)

Shahmukhi script: قومی (kaumī)

From قوم (qowm, “people, nation, tribe”) + ـی (-i, “ezafe”).


فرمایش

head

فرمایش • (farmâyeš) (plural فرمایشها (farmâyeš-hâ) or فرمایشات (farmâyešât))

farmâyeš (romanization)
فرمایشها (plural)
فرمایشات (plural)

→ Bengali: ফরমায়েশ (fôrmaeś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़रमाइश (farmāiś)

Urdu: فرمائش (farmāiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਮਾਇਸ਼ (farmāiśa)

Shahmukhi script: فرمائش (farmāiś)

[fäɾ.mɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[fäɾ.mɑː.jɪ́ʃ]

[fäɾ.mɑː.jɪ́ʃ]


قشمیر

قشمیر • (qešmir)

fa-proper noun

قشمیر • (qešmir)


خربوزه

head

خَربُوزَه • (xarbūza) (plural خربوزهها (xarbūza-hā))

خَربُوزَه (canonical)
xarbūza (romanization)
خربوزهها (plural)

خربزه خربزه#Persian

(Dari standard spelling of خربزه) melon.


متخلف

متخلف • (motaxallef) (plural متخلفها (motaxallef-hâ) or متخلفین or متخلفان (motaxallefân))

motaxallef (romanization)
متخلفها (plural)
متخلفین (plural)
متخلفان (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَخَلِّف (mutaḵallif).


دق

[…]در مقابل ما مانند آینهٔ دق حاضر گردیدند و همین که چشمشان به تذکرهٔ ما افتاد مثل اینکه خبر تیر خوردن شاه یا فرمان مطاع عزرائیل را به دستشان داده باشند[…]

1921, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, فارسی شکر است:

[…] they appeared in front of us like the mirror of [our] current agony, and as soon as their eyes fell on our passport, it was as if they had been given the news of the Shah being shot or the unquestionable command of the Angel of Death […]

[…] dar moqâbel-e mâ mânand-e âyene-ye deq-e hâzer gardidand va hamin ke čašm-ešân be tazkere-ye mâ oftâd mesl-e in-ke xabar-e tiz xordan-e šâh yâ farmân-e motâ'-e azrâ'il râ be dast-ešân dâde bâšand […]

(archaic, original sense) hectic fever, consumption


زردوزی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰਦੋਜ਼ੀ (zardozī)

Shahmukhi script: زردوزی (zardōzī)

desctree

→ Urdu: زردوزی (zardōzī)
→ English: zardozi

→ Uzbek: zardoʻzi

From زردوز (zarduz, “gold embroiderer”) + ی (-i).


مسرور

fa-adj

مسرور • (masrur) (comparative مسرورتَر (masrur-tar), superlative مسرورتَرین (masrur-tarin))

masrur (romanization)
مسرورتَر (comparative)
مسرورتَرین (superlative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَسْرُور (masrūr, “delighted, joyous”)

bor+

تک مران در کش عنان مستور به
هر کس از پندار خود مسرور به

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3611:

Do not gallop, draw rein, ’tis better (thy spirit) be veiled;
 ’tis better that every one be gladdened by his own fancy.

tak ma-rān dar kaš 'inān mastūr bih
har kas az pindār-i-xwad masrūr bih


همیاری

head

همیاری • (hamyâri)

fa-noun

همیاری • (hamyâri)

[ʔäm.jɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔäm.jɔː.ɾí]


درمورد

در مورد این کتاب چه می دانید؟


زیر گرفتن

head

زیر گرفتن • (zir gereftan) (present stem زیر گیر (zir gir))

zir gereftan (romanization)
زیر گیر (present stem)


غش کردن

غش کردن • (ğaš kardan) (present stem غش کن (ğaš kon))

ğaš kardan (romanization)
غش کن (present stem)


ناپدید شدن

ناپدید شدن • (nâpadid šodan)

fa-verb

ناپدید شدن • (nâpadid šodan)


امضاکننده

امضا کننده
امضا کننده#Persian


نزدیک شدن

به خانهٔ علی نزدیک می شدم که او را دیدم

I was approaching Ali's house when I saw him


اذیت کردن

مریم را اذیت نکنید.

دوست دخترم منو خیلی اذیت میکرد. (colloquial Iranian)

dust doxtar-am man-o xeyli aziyat mi-kard.


پا شدن

head

پا شدن • (pâ šodan)

fa-verb

پا شدن • (pâ šodan)

[pʰɑː ʃʊ.d̪ǽn]

[pʰɑː ʃʊ.d̪ǽn]

[pʰɑː ʃʊ.d̪ǽn]

حسن پا شد و رفت


ناپدید

fa-adj

ناپَدید • (nâpadid)

ناپَدید (canonical)
nâpadid (romanization)

[nɑː.pʰä.d̪íːd̪]

[nɑː.pʰä.d̪íːd̪]

[nɑː.pʰä.d̪íːd̪]

[nɔː.pʰä.d̪íd̪̥]

[nɒː.pʰæ.d̪íːd̪̥]

From ناـ (nâ-) + پَدید (padid, “visible”).


رل

From English relationship, shortened for quick use.

(informal) romantic or sexual relationship


خوش گذشتن

head

خوش گذشتن • (xoš gozaštan) (present stem خوش گذر (xoš gozar))

xoš gozaštan (romanization)
خوش گذر (present stem)

[xʊʃ ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽn]

[xʊʃ ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽn]

[xʊʃ ɡʊ.zäʃ.t̪ʰǽn]

به من خوش گذشت


تعمیر کردن

[t̪ʰäʔ.míːɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

[t̪ʰäʔ.míːɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

[t̪ʰɑː.míːɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

[t̪ʰɔː.míɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

[t̪ʰæʔ.míːɹ kʰʲæɹ.d̪ǽn]

[t̪ʰäʔ.míɾ kʰäɾ.d̪ǽn]

باید این ماشین را تعمیر کنیم.

ساقی به جام ریز ز مینا شراب را
تعمیر کن به جام شراب این خراب را

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Cupbearer, pour the wine from the crystal vessel into the goblet!
Mend this broken one with the goblet of wine.

sâqi be jâm riz ze minâ šarâb râ
ta'mir kon be jâm-e šarâb in xarâb râ


بینا

fa-adj

بینا • (binâ)

From بین (bin), present stem of دیدَن (to see).


خوانا

خوانا • (xânâ)

From خوان (xân, present stem of خواندن (xândan, “to read”)) + ـا (-â).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خواندن</i> (xândan, “to read”)


در طول

[d̪ǽɾ t̪ʰúː.lɪ]

[d̪ǽɾ t̪ʰúː.lɪ]

[d̪ǽɾ t̪ʰúː.lɪ]

[d̪ǽɹ t̪ʰúː.le]

در طول تابستان این اتاق خیلی گرم است.

(with an ezafe) during, across, throughout (time)


بچگانه

fa-adj

بچگانه • (baččegâne) (comparative بچگانهتَر (baččegâne-tar), superlative بچگانهتَرین (baččegâne-tarin))

baččegâne (romanization)
بچگانهتَر (comparative)
بچگانهتَرین (superlative)

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɑː.nä]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɔː.nä]

[bæt͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰæ.ɡɒː.ne]

[bät͡ʃ.t͡ʃʰä.ɡɔ.nä]

From بچه + ـانه.


گویا

گویا • (guyâ)

From گو (gu, present stem of گُفْتَن (goftan, “to say, to speak”)) + ـا (-â, “adjective-forming suffix”).

af

گو
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گُفْتَن</i> (goftan, “to say, to speak”)>


گویا

head

گویا • (guyâ)

→ Uyghur: گويا (goya)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كویا (güya)

> Turkish: güya (inherited)

→ Macedonian: ѓоа (ǵoa)

→ Azerbaijani: guya

→ Hindi: गोया (goyā)


دارا

fa-adj

دارا • (dârâ)

Equivalent to دار (dâr, present stem of داشتن (dâštan, “to have”)) + ـا (-â), from Middle Persian [script needed] (YHSNN'k' /dārāg/).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">داشتن</i> (dâštan, “to have”)

inh

دارای ثروث

دارای تکبر

(with an ezâfe) possessing; having; possessed of; with the quality of


دارا

head

دارا • (dârâ)

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭠𐭫𐭠𐭡 (dʾlʾb /dārāy/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-u-š /dārayauš/), shortened form of 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-v-u-š /dārayava(h)uš/). Compare English Darius.

inh

(Iranian mythology) Dara, a legendary version of Darius III who was defeated by Alexander

داراب داراب#Persian

(Iranian mythology) Alternative form of داراب (dârâb, a legendary Iranian king).


تفنگچه

desc

→ Pashto: تفنګچه (tofangčá), توپنګچه (topangčá)

Blend of تفنگ (tofang, “gun”) + تپانچه (tapânča, “pistol”).