ششتن

šištan (romanization)
شین (present stem)
ششتن (infinitive)
šištán (infinitive)
شین (present stem)
šīn (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šišt (past stem)
شیننده (participle present)
šīnindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šištá (participle past)
شینم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šīnam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شینی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šīnī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شیند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
šīnad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شینیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šīnēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شینید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šīnēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شینند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šīnand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشینم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šīnam (first-person indicative present singular)
میشینی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šīnī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشیند (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-šīnad (indicative present singular third-person)
میشینیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šīnēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشینید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šīnēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میشینند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šīnand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šištan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šištan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i šištan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال ششتن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šištan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šištá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šištá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šištá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šištá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šištá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šištá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šištam (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششت (indicative past singular third-person)
šišt (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
šištēd (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
šištand (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šištam (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششت (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šišt (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šištēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šištand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i šištan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i šištan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i šištan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال ششتن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال ششتن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i šištan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šištá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šištá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šištá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šištá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šištá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šištá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám šišt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ šišt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád šišt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm šišt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd šišt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd šišt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشینم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bíšīnam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشینی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bíšīnī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشیند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bíšīnad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشینیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bíšīnēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشینید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bíšīnēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشینند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bíšīnand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشین (imperative second-person singular)
bíšīn (imperative second-person singular)
بشینید (imperative plural second-person)
bíšīnēd (imperative plural second-person)
ششتن (infinitive)
šištán (infinitive)
شی (present stem)
šī (present stem)
ششت (past stem)
šišt (past stem)
شنده (participle present)
šindá (participle present)
ششته (participle past)
šištá (participle past)
شم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
šum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
شی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
šī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
شه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ša (aorist indicative singular third-person)
شیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
šēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
شین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
šēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
شن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
šan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میشم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-šum (first-person indicative present singular)
میشی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-šī (indicative present second-person singular)
میشه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-ša (indicative present singular third-person)
میشیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-šēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میشین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-šēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میشن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-šan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل ششتن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i šištan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šištan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šištan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i šištan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل ششتن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i šištan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i šištan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
šištám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
ششتی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
šištī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
ششتاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
šištást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
šištḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
ششتین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
šištḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
ششتن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
šištán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
ششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
šištum (first-person indicative past singular)
ششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
ششته (indicative past singular third-person)
šišta (indicative past singular third-person)
ششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
ششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
šištēn (indicative past plural second-person)
ششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
šištan (indicative past plural third-person)
میششتم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-šištum (first-person indicative past singular)
میششتی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-šištī (indicative past second-person singular)
میششته (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-šišta (indicative past singular third-person)
میششتیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-šištēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میششتین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-šištēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میششتن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-šištan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i šištan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل ششتن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i šištan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل ششتن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i šištan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل ششتن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i šištan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل ششتن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i šištan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل ششتن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i šištan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
ششته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
šištá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ششته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
šištá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ششته بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
šištá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ششته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
šištá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ششته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
šištá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ششته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
šištá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم ششت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm šišt (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی ششت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ šišt (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه ششت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá šišt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم ششت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm šišt (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین ششت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn šišt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین ششت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán šišt (future indicative plural third-person)
بشم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
búšum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بشی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
búšī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بشه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
búša (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بشیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búšēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بشین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
búšēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بشن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
búšan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
ششته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
šištá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
ششته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
ششته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
ششته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
šištá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
ششته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
šištá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بشی (imperative second-person singular)
búšī (imperative second-person singular)
بشین (imperative plural second-person)
búšēn (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šištán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال ششتن بودیم

در حال ششتن بودم

در حال ششتن بودید

در حال ششتن بودی

در حال ششتن بودند

در حال ششتن بود

در حال ششتن استیم

در حال ششتن استم

در حال ششتن استید

در حال ششتن استی

در حال ششتن استند

در حال ششتن است

šištá bū́dēm

šištá bū́dēd

šištá bā́šēm

šištá bā́šam

šištá bā́šēd

šištá bā́šand

šištá bā́šad

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ششتن</i> (šištán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل ششتن بودیم

ده آل ششتن بودم

ده آل ششتن بودین

ده آل ششتن بودی

ده آل ششتن بودن

ده آل ششتن بود

ده آل ششتن استیم

ده آل ششتن استم

ده آل ششتن استین

ده آل ششتن استی

ده آل ششتن استن

ده آل ششتن است

šištá bū́dēm

šištá bū́dēn

šištá bā́šēm

šištá bā́šam

šištá bā́šēn

šištá bā́šan

نشستن نشستن#Persian


نگار

head

نگار • (negâr)

نگاشتن نگاشتن#Persian


نگار

نگار • (negâr)

fa-noun

نگار • (negâr)

با توام در دوستیها اعتقاد دیگرست
گرچه بس عاشق شدم بر هر نگار سیم تن

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 82:

I have a different sort of confidence in my love with you,
Though I have oft fallen in love with each silver-bodied beauty.

bā tō-am dar dōstīhā i'tiqād-i dīgar ast
garči bas āšiq šudam bar har nigār-i sēm tan


نگار

head

نگار • (negâr)

fa-proper noun

نگار • (negâr)


یتا

head

یتا • (yatâ)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

یکتا یکتا#Persian


یتا

head

یتا • (yatâ)

یکتا یکتا#Persian


رزم

From Middle Persian lcm (razm). Akin to Old Armenian ռազմ (ṙazm), an Iranian borrowing.


فابریکه

فابریکه • (fābrīka)

fa-noun

فابریکه • (fābrīka)


لیسه

Borrowed from French lycée, while more common in Dari, it was likely borrowed via Iranian Persian. Since Dari does not generally use a he to transcribe a final -e.


لیک

گر چه تفسیر زبان روشنگر است / لیک عشق بیزبان روشنتر است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 133:

Although the commentary of the tongue makes (all) clear, yet tongueless love is clearer.

gar-či tafsīr-i zabān rawšan-gar ast / lēk išq-i bē-zabān rawšan-tar ast

لیکن لیکن#Persian

(archaic, literary) alternative form of لیکن (“but, however, nevertheless”)


مندن

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to remain

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to stay

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to hesitate

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to survive

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to endure

(dialectal, Shiraz, Dashtestan, Khesht) to last


صنف

(Dari) class (group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes)

guild (a group of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans)


صنف

Champa (a historical region in Farther India)


اختیار

head

اِختِیار • (extiyâr) (plural اختیارات (extiyârât))

اِختِیار (canonical)
extiyâr (romanization)
اختیارات (plural)

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪx.t̪ʰi.jɑ́ːɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِيَار (iḵtiyār).

bor+

دل به رغبت میسپارد جان به چشم مست یار
گرچه هشیاران ندادند اختیار خود به کس

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 267”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ], archived from the original on 2023-12-09:

My soul joyfully entrusts my heart to the beloved's drunken eyes,
Though the wise do not grant authority [over them] to anyone.

dil ba rağbat mē-sipārad jān ba čašm-i mast-i yār
garči hušyārān na-dādand ixtiyār-i xwad ba kas


میلاد

head

میلاد • (milâd)

fa-noun

میلاد • (milâd)


میلاد

milâd (romanization)
mêlâd (romanization)

Through regular sound change from Old Persian *Miθradātah. See also مهرداد (mehrdâd).

a male given name, Milad
(Persian mythology) a hero in Shahnameh

a male given name, Milad
a hero in Shahnameh


کمی

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमी (kamī)

Urdu: کمی (kamī)

From Classical Persian کم (kam) + Classical Persian ی (-ī).


کمی

From Classical Persian کم (kam) + Classical Persian ی (-ē).


تاتارستان

head

تاتارستان • (tâtârestân)

fa-proper noun

تاتارستان • (tâtârestân)

af

تاتار (tâtâr) + ـستان (-estân)

Tatarstan (a republic of eastern Russia)


خوشبو

fa-adj

خوشبو • (xošbu)


خوشبو

head

خوشبو • (xošbu)

fa-noun

خوشبو • (xošbu)

→ Bengali: খোশবু (khošbu)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुशबू (xuśbū)

Urdu: خوشبو (xuśbū)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਸ਼ਬੂ (khuśbū)

Shahmukhi script: خوشبو (xuśbū)


ناشتا

fa-adj

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

nâštâ (romanization)
nâšetâ (romanization)

Probably cognate with Sanskrit अनाशित (anāśita, “one who has not eaten, hungry”); alternatively, from نه (na, “not”) + a form derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Compare Mazanderani انیشتا (“hungry”), Southern Kurdish ناشتا (naşta, “breakfast”), Northern Kurdish naştahî (“drought”).

cog

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


ناشتا

head

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

fa-noun

nâštâ, nâšetâ

ناشتا • (nâštâ, nâšetâ)

From original ناشتایی (nâštâ'i, nâštâyi), related to etymology above.

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑːʃ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɑː.ʃɪ.t̪ʰɑː]

[nɔːʃ.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɔː.ʃi.t̪ʰɔː]

[nɒːʃ.t̪ʰɒː]

[nɒː.ʃe.t̪ʰɒː]


سوگند

head

سوگند • (sowgand) (plural سوگندها (sowgand-hâ))

sowgand (romanization)
سوگندها (plural)
سوگند (singular)
sowgand (singular)
سوگندها (plural)
sowgand-hấ (plural)
سوگندا (colloquial plural)
sowgandấ (plural)
سوگند را (definite direct-object singular)
sowgand râ (definite direct-object singular)
سوگند رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sowgando (definite direct-object singular)
سوگندها را (definite direct-object plural)
sowgand-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سوگندا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sowgandấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سوگند (ezafe singular)
sowgand-e (ezafe singular)
سوگندهای (ezafe plural)
sowgand-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sowgandấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوگندی (definite relative singular)
سوگندی (indefinite singular stressed)
sowgand-i (definite relative singular)
sowgand-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سوگندهایی (definite plural relative)
سوگندهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
sowgandấn-i, sowgand-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سوگندایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sowgandấi (definite plural relative)
sowgandấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سوگندم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgandam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهایم (first-person possessive singular)
sowgand-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندهام، سوگندام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
sowgandấm (first-person possessive singular)
سوگندت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgandat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandet (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهایت (possessive second-person singular)
sowgand-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندهات، سوگندات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sowgandất (possessive second-person singular)
سوگندش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgandaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandeš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهایش (possessive singular third-person)
sowgand-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندهاش، سوگنداش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sowgandấš (possessive singular third-person)
سوگندمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandemun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
sowgand-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندهامون، سوگندامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sowgandấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سوگندتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandetun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
sowgand-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندهاتون، سوگنداتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sowgandấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سوگندشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandešun (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
sowgand-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوگندهاشون، سوگنداشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sowgandấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوگند (sevgend)

→ Azerbaijani: sövgənd

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: सौगंद (saugand), सौगन्द (saugand), सौगंध (saugandh), सौगन्ध (saugandh)

Urdu: سوگند (saugand), سوگندھ (saugandh)

From Middle Persian swknd (sōgand, “oath”), from Avestan [Term?] (/saokanta/, “sulphur”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“white”). Related to سوختن (sōxtan, “to burn”), and سوگ (sōg, “sadness, mourning”).
Originally سوگند (sowgand) was a sulphur-filled drink given to defendants to determine the truth based on their body reaction to Sulphur.


بایستی

head

بایستی • (bâyesti)

fa-verb

بایستی • (bâyesti)


وهران

head

وهران • (vahrân)

fa-proper noun

وهران • (vahrân)


نامردانه

fa-adj

نامردانه • (nâmardâne)

1968, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, "خوان هشتم Xân-e Haštom [The Eighth Khan]"
ناگهان انگار
سایهای را دید
او شغاد، آن نابرادر بود
که درون چَه نگه میکرد و میخندید
و صدای شوم و نامردانهاش در چاهسار گوش میپیچید...
nâgahân engâr
sâye-i râ did
u Šağâd, ân nâbarâdar bud
ke darun-e čah negah mi-kard o mi-xandid
va sedâ-ye šum o nâmardâne-aš dar čâhsâr-e guš mi-pičid...


نامردانه

head

نامردانه • (nâmardâne)


گفتا

گفتا • (goftâ)

fa-verb

گفتا • (goftâ)

گفتن گفتن#Persian

(rare) third-person singular past of گفتن

Hafez
گفتم غمِ تو دارم، گفتا غمت سرآید -- گفتم که ماه من شو، گفتا اگر برآید


شغاد

head

شغاد • (šağâd)

fa-proper noun

شغاد • (šağâd)

[ʃä.ɣɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʃæ.ɢɒ́ːd̪̥]

1968, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, "خوان هشتم Xân-e Haštom [The Eighth Labour]"
ناگهان انگار
سایهای را دید
او شغاد، آن نابرادر بود
که درون چَه نگه میکرد و میخندید
و صدای شوم و نامردانهاش در چاهسار گوش میپیچید...
nâgahân engâr
sâye-i râ did
u šağâd, ân nâ-barâdar bud
ke darun-e čah negah mi-kard o mi-xandid
va sedâ-ye šum o nâmardâne-aš dar čâhsâr-e guš mi-pičid...

He was Shaghad, that half-brother, who was looking inside the well and laughing, and his evil and unmanly voice was echoing in the ear's well...


مهوش

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾhwš /Māhwaš/, “a female given name”). Corresponding to مه (mah, “moon”) + ـوش (vaš, “-like”).


سپهر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (spyhl), [script needed] (spyyhl), 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫡 (ʿspyr /spihr/, “sphere, sky”), from Old Persian *spiθrah.


سپهر

Urdu: سِپَر (sipar)


سپهر

Phono-semantic matching of French sphère and/or English sphere, from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra), which is not originally related to etymology 1 above.

psm

(physics, in compounds) sphere (as in stratosphere)


بیرونی

نار بیرونی به آبی بفسرد
نار شهوت تا به دوزخ میبرد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3698:

The external fire may be quenched by some water,
(but) the fire of lust is bringing to Hell.

nār-i bērūnī ba ābī bifsurad
nār-i šahwat tā ba dōzax mē-burad


بیرونی

a surname from Middle Persian, most famously held by Al-Biruni


رستم

→ Arabic: رُسْتُم (rustum)

→ Azerbaijani: Rüstəm

→ Bashkir: Рөстәм (Röstəm)

→ Chagatai: رستم (Rustäm)

Uyghur: رۇستەم (rustem)

Uzbek: Rustam

→ Georgian: როსტომი (rosṭomi)

desc

→ Gujarati: રૂસ્તમ (rūstam), રુસ્તમ (rustam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रुस्तम (rustam)

Urdu: رستم (rustam)

→ Kazakh: Рүстем (Rüstem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رستم (Rüstem)

Turkish: Rüstem

→ Albanian: Rustem

→ Russian: Рустем (Rustem)

→ Tatar: Рөстәм (Röstäm)

→ Turkmen: Rüstem

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/rōdstahm/), from Middle Persian lwd (/rōd/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/stahm/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.
Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

der

whence modern <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رود</i> (rud)

(Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology

a male given name, Rostam or Rustam, from Middle Persian


اسکندر

head

إِسْكَنْدَر • (eskandar)

fa-proper noun

إِسْكَنْدَر • (eskandar)

إِسْكَنْدَر (canonical)
eskandar (romanization)

→ Bashkir: Искәндәр (İskəndər)

desc

→ Bengali: ইস্কান্দর (iskandor), সিকান্দর (śikandor)

→ Gujarati: સિકંદર (sikandar)

→ Kannauji: सिकंदर

desctree

→ Kazakh: Ескендір (Eskendır)
→ Russian: Ескенди́р m anim (Jeskendír)

→ Malay: Iskandar

desc

via Classical Persian <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">سِکَنْدَر</i> (sikandar)

→ Middle Hindi: سکندر (skndr /sikandar/) (via Classical Persian سِکَنْدَر (sikandar)).

Hindustani: sikandar

Hindi: सिकंदर

Hindi: सिकंदर

Urdu: سِکَنْدَر

Urdu: سِکَنْدَر

→ Punjabi: (via Classical Persian سِکَنْدَر (sikandar))

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਕੰਦਰ (sikandar)

Shahmukhi script: سِکَن٘دَر (sikaṉdar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسكندر (İskender) (see there for further descendants)

Turkish: İskender

→ Albanian: Skënder

→ Azerbaijani: İsgəndər

→ Karakalpak: İskender

→ Tatar: İskändär

→ Turkmen: Isgender

→ Uyghur: ئىسكەندەر (iskender)

→ Zazaki: İskendero

via <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">سِکَنْدَر</i> (sekandar)

→ Pashto: سکندر (sikandar) (via سِکَنْدَر (sekandar))

→ Uzbek: Iskandar

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

[ʔɪs.kʰän̪.d̪ǽɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْكَنْدَر (ʔiskandar), from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros).

bor+

اسکندر مقدونی

Alexander the Great (literally, “Alexander the Macedonian”)

a male given name, Eskandar or Iskandar, from Arabic [in turn from Ancient Greek], equivalent to English Alexander


شبدیز

fa-adj

شبدیز • (šabdiz)


شبدیز

head

شبدیز • (šabdiz)

fa-proper noun

شبدیز • (šabdiz)

Shabdiz, the legendary black stallion of Khosrau Parvez


نوزده

nuzdah (romanization)
۱۹ (Persian numeral)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwzdh /nōzdah/), from Old Persian *navacadaθa.


هجده

hejdah (romanization)
۱۸ (Persian numeral)

[ʔiːd͡ʒ.d̪ä]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hštdh /haštdah/), equivalent to New Persian هشت (hašt, “eight”) + ده (dah, “ten”).


خاصه

head

خاصه • (xâsse)

Borrowed from Arabic خَاصَّةً (ḵāṣṣatan). Apparently a spelling pronunciation.

bor+

باده برد زنگ غم، از دل پیر و جوان
خاصه به فصل بهار، خاصه ز دست نگار

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

Wine takes away the rust of sadness from the hearts of old and young,
All the more in the season of spring, all the more from the hand of a beauty.

bâde barad zang-e ğam, az del-e pir o javân
xâsse be fasl-e bahâr, xâsse ze dast-e negâr

(archaic) particularly, specially, all the more


خاصه

fa-adj

خاصه • (xâsse)

Borrowed from Arabic خَاصَّة (ḵāṣṣa), feminine form of خَاصّ (ḵāṣṣ).

(archaic) Alternative form of خاص (xâs, “special, particular”), used only for feminine Arabic loanwords.


آب‌گوشت

head

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

fa-noun

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

آبگوشت (canonical)
âb-gušt (romanization)

→ Armenian: աբգուշթ (abguštʻ)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɡoːʃt]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɔːb.ɡʊ́ːʃt̪]

[ʔɒːb.ɡúːʃt̪]

[ʔɔb.ɡɵ́ʃt̪]

Compound of آب (âb, “water; broth”) + گوشت (gušt, “meat”).


بانده

head

بانده • (bânde)

fa-noun

بانده • (bânde)


اوسار

head

اوسار • (owsâr)

fa-noun

اوسار • (owsâr)

(dialectal, Shiraz: some people, Eqlid, Abadeh, Dashtestan) halter (for animals)


اینه

(dialectal, Shiraz, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) mirror


آمادن

head

آمادن • (âmâdan) (present stem آما (âmâ))

âmâdan (romanization)
آما (present stem)

[ʔɑː.mɑː.ˈðan]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɑː.mɑː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɔː.mɔː.d̪ǽn]

[ʔɒː.mɒː.d̪ǽn]

From Proto-Iranian *āmaH-, from Proto-Iranian *ā- + *maH- (“to measure”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at”) + *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare آماده (âmâde, “ready”), Avestan 𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀- (āmāta-), Sanskrit माति (māti, “measure, knowledge”), Ancient Greek μῆτῐς (mêtis, “skill, counsel, plan”).


آمادن

head

آمادن • (âmâdan)

fa-verb

آمادن • (âmâdan)


ابرش

head

ابرش • (abraš)

fa-noun

ابرش • (abraš)


سمند

Of a yellowish color (especially of horses).


اسپست

espest (romanization)
aspest (romanization)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾspst' /aspast/), from Middle Median *aspast, from Old Median *aspāstiš, from Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa, lucerne”, literally “fodder for horses”).


اسپریس

head

اسپریس • (asprês, esparês) (plural اسپریسها (asprês, esparês-hâ))

asprês (romanization)
esparês (romanization)
اسپریسها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾsplys (a/əsp(a)rēs).


چرمه

چرمه • (čarme)

fa-noun

چرمه • (čarme)

Compare with Central Kurdish چەرمگ (çermig, “white”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճերմակ (čermak, “white (of a horse)”), Georgian ჭარმაკი (č̣armaḳi), ჭარმაგი (č̣armagi), ჭარმაღი (č̣armaɣi).


ترسا

fa-adj

ترسا • (tarsâ)

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæɹ.sɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tlsʾk' /tarsāg/, “Christian”, literally “(God) fearer”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (tls- /tars-/, “to fear, be afraid”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (-k' /-ag/). By surface analysis, ترس (tars, present stem of ترسیدن (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)) + ـا (-â, suffix forming adjectives and nouns). Sogdian ܬܪܣܐܩ (trsʾq /tarsāk/) is a Western Iranian borrowing.

surf

ترس
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">ترسیدن</i> (tarsidan, “to fear, be afraid”)>

ـا
<pos:suffix forming adjectives and nouns>


ترسا

head

ترسا • (tarsâ) (plural ترسایان (tarsâyân) or ترساها (tarsâ-hâ))

tarsâ (romanization)
ترسایان (plural)
ترساها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: tərsa

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترسا (tersâ)

→ Uzbek: tarso

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰäɾ.sɔ́ː]

[t̪ʰæɹ.sɒ́ː]

10th AD, Ferdowsi
چو بر جامهٔ ما چلیپا بوَد
نشست اندر آیین ترسا بوَد

13th AD, Rumi
گهی از زلف خود داده به مؤمن نقش حبلالله
ز پیچ جعد خود داده به ترسایان چلیپایی


خنگ

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hangistaz, and thereby with German Hengst.


خنگ

→ Armenian: խենգ (xeng)

→ Azerbaijani: xing


کهر

→ Azerbaijani: kəhər

→ Urdu: کہر (kahar)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kádruš (“brown, tan”), likely from the BMAC substrate.
Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (kadruua.aspa, “with brown horses”) (whence unattested Avestan *𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎 (*kadru, “brown”)), and cognate with Sanskrit कद्रु (kadru, “brown, reddish-brown”).

cog

𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

دفعه دفعه#Persian

(in compounds) Synonym of دفعه (daf'e, “time”)


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)

بارو بارو#Persian

(archaic) Alternative form of بارو (bâru, “rampart”)


همو

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) identical

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) same


انگشد

head

انگشد • (angošd)

fa-noun

انگشد • (angošd)


مچد

head

مچد • (maččed)

fa-noun

مچد • (maččed)


سینزه

head

سینزه • (sinzah, sinza) (Persian numeral ۱۳)

sinzah (romanization)
sinza (romanization)
۱۳ (Persian numeral)


دخدر

(dialectal, Hamadan) girl, gal, lass, maid


کرند

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [script needed] (küreŋ, kürin, küren, “brown”), whence Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”). Akin to Wakhi kəráng, Pashto کرنگ (kuráng), Khowar [script needed] (kurang), Azerbaijani kürən, Ottoman Turkish كران (küran), Bashkir көрән (körən), Tatar көрән (körän), Kyrgyz күрөң (küröŋ), Uyghur كۈرەڭ (küreng), Tuvan хүрең (xüreñ), among others, all ultimately of the same Mongolic origin.

bor+

of a yellowish red or light brown color; bay (especially of horses)


کرند

desctree

→ Georgian: ქურანი (kurani), ქურანა (kurana) (or from Turkic)
→ Bats: ქურაჼ (kurã)
→ Mingrelian: ქურანი (kurani)

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]


چرخ‌ریسک

head

چرخریسک • (čarx-risak) (plural چرخریسکها (čarx-risak-hâ))

چرخریسک (canonical)
čarx-risak (romanization)
چرخریسکها (plural)

From چرخ (čarx) + ریس (ris-) + ـک (-ak).


پشد

پشد • (pošd)

fa-noun

پشد • (pošd)


پی

(mathematics) Pi, An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.1415926535897932384626433832795; usually written π.


پی

(architecture) A foundation; the lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


تهمینه

From Classical Persian تهم (taham, “strong”).

a female given name, Tahmina, Tamina, or Tahmineh


کاری است که شده

head

کاری است که شده • (kâri ast ke šode)


پاک

→ Assamese: পাক (pak)

→ Azerbaijani: pak

→ Bengali: পাক (pak)

→ Gujarati: પાક (pāk)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: पाक (pāka)
Hindustani: pāk
Hindi: पाक
Urdu: پاک (pāk)

→ Maithili: pāk

Devanagari script: पाक

Tirhuta script: 𑒣𑒰𑒏

→ Old Punjabi: ਪਾਕੁ (pāku)
Punjabi: pāk
Gurmukhi script: ਪਾਕ
Shahmukhi script: پاک

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: پاڪُ

Devanagari script: पाकु

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠇ (fax)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاك (pak)
Turkish: pak
→ Armenian: փաք (pʻakʻ)
→ Laz: ფაღი (paği)

→ Uyghur: پاك (pak)

→ Uzbek: pok

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾk' /pāk/, “clean, pure, holy”), from Proto-Iranian *pawHākáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawHākás, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Cognate with Sanskrit पावक (pāvaká, “pure, clean, clear”), Latin purus.

cog

پاک مردم رفتنه.


سهراب

head

سهراب • (sohrâb)

fa-proper noun

سهراب • (sohrâb)

→ Armenian: Զոհրաբ (Zohrab)

desctree

→ Georgian: ზურაბი (zurabi), ზურაბ (zurab) — other widely used form, ზურიკო (zuriḳo) — pet form, ზურა (zura) — diminutive
→ Abkhaz: Жәраб (Ẑʷrab)
→ Armenian: Զուրաբ (Zurab)

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[soɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


الموت

Compound of آلُه / اَلُه / اَلوه (âloh, aloh, aluh, “eagle”) (from Middle Persian ʾlwh (āluh, “eagle”)) and either the dialectal (Qazvin) آموخت (âmu(x)t, “taught”), or آموت (âmut, “nest”).

و معتبرترین همه قلعهٔ الموت که دارالملک اسمعیلیان ایران زمین بود و صد و هفتاد و یک سال مقر دولت ایشان بود و آن قلعه از اقلیم چهارم است.

1340, Hamdallah-i Mustawfī, Nuzhat-ul-Qulūb:

… and the most authoritative of all [of the castles in Rudbar]—the Alamut Castle, which was the capital of the [Nizari] Isma'ilis of Greater Iran, and for one hundred and seventy-one years was the headquarters of their state. The castle is in the Fourth Province.

va mu'tabar-tarîn-i hama, qal'a-i alamût, ki dâr-ul-mulk-i ismâ'îliyân-i êrân-zamîn bûd u sad-u-haftâd-u-yak sâl maqarr-i dawlat-i êšân bûd, va ân qal'a az iqlîm-i čahârum ast.


سرداب

head

سرداب • (sardâb) (plural سردابها (sardâb-hâ))

→ Arabic: سِرْدَاب (sirdāb)

→ Georgian: სარდაფი (sardapi)

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːb]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːb̥]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːb̥]

Short form of سردابه (sardâbe), from سرد (sard, “cold”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e). Compare گرمابه (garmâbe, “bathhouse”).

af

بر دیوار شرقی چون به گوشه رسد که جنوبی است و قبله بر ضلع جنوبی است و پیش دیوار شمالی مسجدی است سرداب که به درجههای بسیار فرو باید شدن و آن بیست گز در پانزده باشد و سقف سنگین بر ستونهای رخام.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

On the eastern wall, when one reaches the corner to the south, the qibla is to the southern side, and one is before the northern wall of the mosque, there is a crypt which one must go down by many steps. It is twenty ells by fifteen, and the ceiling of stone is on marble pillars.

bar dēwār-i šarqī čōn ba gōša rasad ki junūbī ast u qibla bar zil'-i junūbī ast u pēš-i dēwār-i šumālī-yi masjidē ast sardāb ki ba daraja-hā-yi bisyār furō bāyad šudan u ān bēst gaz dar pānzdah bāšad u saqf-i sangēn bar sutūn-hā-yi ruxām.


ویس

From Old Persian 𐎻𐎰 (viθ-, “house(hold), clan, royal court”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-.


ویس

contempt, exclamation of pity, or approbation


خسرو

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩 (hwslwdy /Husrōy/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwslwb' /Husrav/), from Old Median *Husrava, from Proto-Iranian *Hhucráwah (“renowned, famous”).

der

a male given name from Middle Persian, Khosrow, Khusro, Khosrau, Khusrau, Khosro, Khusraw, Chosroes, Osroes


خسرو

head

خسرو • (xosrow) (plural خسروان (xosrovân) or خسروها (xosrow-hâ))

xosrow (romanization)
خسروان (plural)
خسروها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā), كَسْرَى (kasrā)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Iranian Persian: كِسْرَى (kisrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Xosrov

→ English: Khosrow

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुसरो (xusro)

Urdu: خُسْرَو (xusrau)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸਰੋ (xusro)

Shahmukhi script: خُسْرو (xusro)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خسرو (Hosrev)

Turkish: Hüsrev

گرگ و روبه را طمع بود اندر آن / که رود قسمت به عدل خسروان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3026:

The wolf and fox hoped that a division (of the prey) would be made according to the justice of emperors.

gurg u rôbah râ tama' bud andar ân / ki rawad qismat ba 'adl-i-xusrawân


سپاهی

head

سپاهی • (sipāhī／sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)

sipāhī／sepâhi (romanization)
سپاهیان (plural)

desc

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)

Urdu: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

→ Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)

→ Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)

Shahmukhi script: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

From سپاه (sipāh／sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī／-i, noun forming suffix).


سلط

(dialectal, Khvorasgan in Isfahan Province) bucket


چامه

head

چامه • (čâme)

fa-noun

چامه • (čâme)


آناهیتا

head

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

fa-proper noun

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

[ʔɑː.nɑː.hiː.ˈtɑː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.jiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.nɔː.ji.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.nɒː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]

[ʔɔ.nɔ.ɦi.t̪ʰɔ́]

Learned borrowing from Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐏃𐎡𐎫 (Anahita).

learned borrowing

a female given name, Anahita, from Old Persian


خرم

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlm /huram/).


آیینه

head

آیینه • (âyine)

fa-noun

آیینه • (âyine)

→ Assamese: আইনা (aina)

→ Bengali: আয়না (aẏna)

→ Atong (India): aina

→ Garo: aina

→ Nepali: ऐना (ainā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਈਨਾ (āīnā)

Shahmukhi script: آیینہ (āīnā)

→ Rohingya: aina

Derived from Middle Persian ʾdwynk' (ēwēnag, “mirror”), from Old Iranian *ādainakah, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to look, see”).
Related to دیدن (didan, “to see, look”), Baluchi آدینک (adí̃k), Lurish ۏیینںە (öyinə), Ossetian айдӕн (ajdæn, “mirror”).


شهمات کردن

head

شهمات کردن • (šahmât kardan)

fa-verb

شهمات کردن • (šahmât kardan)


کارآگاه

head

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

fa-noun

کارآگاه • (kâr-âgâh)

From کار + آگاه.

(law enforcement) detective, a police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.


یونی‌کد

یونیکد (canonical)
yuni-kod (romanization)

(computing) Unicode, a series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.

(computing) The Unicode standards together with standards for representing character strings as byte strings.


پخچه

head

پخچه • (paxče)

fa-noun

پخچه • (paxče)


کازو

head

کازو • (kâzu)

fa-noun

کازو • (kâzu)


شملی

head

شملی • (šamli)

fa-noun

شملی • (šamli)


دروشیدن

head

دروشیدن • (derowšidan) (present stem دروش (derowš))

derowšidan (romanization)
دروش (present stem)


اشتو

اشتو • (oštow)

fa-noun

اشتو • (oštow)


فیت

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) fist

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) punch

(dialectal, Kazerun, Bushehr, Dashtestan) handful


شکال

head

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

fa-noun

شکال • (šekâl, šokâl)

šekâl (romanization)
šokâl (romanization)


خنج

Cognate with خلنج (xelenj, “pinch”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kleng-, *klenk- (“to bend; twist”)

(dialectal, Kazerun) scratch (act of scratching)


کوالا لامپور

head

کوالا لامپور • (kuwālā lāmpūr／ku'âlâ lâmpur)

kuwālā lāmpūr／ku'âlâ lâmpur (romanization)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

کوالالامپور کوالالامپور#Persian

Alternative form of کوالالامپور (kuwālā-lāmpūr／kovâlâ-lâmpur)


کلو

fa-adj

کلو • (kalu) (comparative کلوتَر (kalu-tar), superlative کلوتَرین (kalu-tarin))

kalu (romanization)
کلوتَر (comparative)
کلوتَرین (superlative)


شاه‌مات

head

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

fa-noun

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

شاهمات (canonical)
šâh-mât (romanization)

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.mɒːt̪]

Literally, “the king is amazed”, from شاه (šâh, “king”) + مات (mât, “stunned, amazed”). When the term passed into Arabic before being borrowed into Romance languages, the second element was interpreted as مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). The Tajik usage of шоҳмот (šohmot) to mean "chess" is a phono-semantic matching of Russian шахматы (šaxmaty).


هیلو

(dialectal, Kazerun) swing (hanging seat)


خارگیل

head

خارگیل • (xârgil) (plural خارگیلها (xârgil-hâ))

[xɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

Blend of خار (xār／xâr) + نارگیل (nārgēl／nârgil).


اسلیمی

head

اسلیمی • (eslimi, eslêmi) (plural اسلیمیها (eslimi-hâ))

eslimi (romanization)
eslêmi (romanization)
اسلیمیها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: İslimi

From اسلامی (eslâmi, “Islamic”). Compare مزیح (mezih) (from مزاح (mezâh)) and سلیح (selih) (from سلاح (selâh)).


دوریان

Borrowed from English durian, from Malay durian.


دومن

(dialectal, Kazerun, Tang-e Eram) downward, downwards


دومن

(dialectal, Kazerun, Tang-e Eram) at the bottom of


آفری

آفری • (âfari)


مهاچین

مهاچین • (mahâčin)

fa-proper noun

مهاچین • (mahâčin)

[mä.ɦɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mä.ɦɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mɑːɑː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

[mɔːɔː.t͡ʃʰin]

[mæ.ɦɒː.t͡ʃʰiːn]

ماچین ماچین#Persian

Alternative form of ماچین (“Mainland China”)


چین و ماچین

head

چین و ماچین • (čin o mâčin)

fa-proper noun

چین و ماچین • (čin o mâčin)

East Turkestan and Greater China (Mainland China)


ماچین

head

ماچین • (mâčin)

fa-proper noun

ماچین • (mâčin)

From earlier Classical Persian مَهَاچِین (mahāčīn), from Sanskrit महाचीन (mahācīna).


چین و مهاچین

head

چین و مهاچین

چین و مهاچین • (čin o mahâčin)

fa-proper noun

چین و مهاچین

چین و مهاچین • (čin o mahâčin)

11th century, Abulhasan-i Bayhaqī, Tārix-i Bayhaq
... و اهل چین و مهاچین را صنایع و حِرَف عجیبه (است).
... and people of Čin o Mahâčin have amazing arts and skills.

چین و ماچین
چین و ماچین#Persian


بم

fa-adj

بم • (bam) (comparative بمتَر (bam-tar), superlative بمتَرین (bam-tarin))

bam (romanization)
بمتَر (comparative)
بمتَرین (superlative)


بم

ارگ بم ― arg-e bam ― the citadel of Bam


بم

Borrowed from English bomb, possibly via Urdu بَمْ (bam).


سیچه

head

سیچه • (siče)


گوته

Johann Wolfgang Goethe, a German writer


کیمیاگر

کیمیاگر • (kimiyâgar) (plural کیمیاگران (kimiyâgarân))

kimiyâgar (romanization)
کیمیاگران (plural)

From کیمیا + گر.


دیکتاتور

دیکتاتور • (diktâtor) (plural دیکتاتورها (diktâtor-hâ))

diktâtor (romanization)
دیکتاتورها (plural)

[d̪iːkʲ.t̪ʰɒː.t̪ʰóɹ]


الکترونیک

fa:الکترونیک


آب زندگانی

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ zɪn̪.d̪ä.ɡɑː.niː]

1325-1390, Hafez
هوایِ منزلِ یار آبِ زندگانیِ ماست / صبا بیار نسیمی ز خاکِ شیرازم

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

lit. water of life; Ab-i Hayat, elixir of life


شافتک

شافتک • (šâftak)

fa-noun

شافتک • (šâftak)

(dialectal, Shiraz, now rare) whistle (act of whistling)


ره

Regular metrical contraction used for poetry when the meter demands a short vowel, and also in some dialects.

(poetic or dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of راه (râh, “road”)


ره

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) Alternative form of رای (rây, “sense, intellect, judgment”)


ره

رستن رستن#Persian


ره

[rä.ɦɪ.mä.ɦʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[rä.ɦɪ.mä.ɦʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

رحمه الله
رحمه الله#Persian

(Islam) Initialism of رحمه الله (rahemahollâh).


اشکم

head

اشکم • (eškam)

fa-noun

اشکم • (eškam)

Alternative form of شکم (“belly, abdomen, stomach”)


تنسن

head

تنسن • (tonossan) (present stem تون (tun))

tonossan (romanization)
تون (present stem)

توانستن توانستن#Persian

(auxiliary, dialectal, Shiraz) alternative form of توانستن (tavânestan, “to be able; can”)


توه

(dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht) frying pan


شاهنشاه

شاهَنْشاه • (šâhanšâh) (plural شاهنشاهان (šâhanšâhân) or شاهنشاهها (šâhanšâh-hâ))

شاهَنْشاه (canonical)
šâhanšâh (romanization)
شاهنشاهان (plural)
شاهنشاهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: شَهَنْشَاه

→ Azerbaijani: şahənşah

→ English: shahanshah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहंशाह (śahañśāh)

desc

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

→ Middle Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهنشاه (şâhenşâh), شاهنشه (şâhenşeh), شهنشاه (şehenşâh), شهنشه (şehenşeh)

Turkish: şehinşah

→ Romanian: șahinșah

→ Polish: szachinszach

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ (śahinśāh)

Shahmukhi script: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɒː.ɦæn.ʃɒːʱ]

[ʃɔ.ɦän.ʃɔʱ]

From earlier شَاهَانشَاه (šāhān-šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān šāh, “king of kings”).


سردی

→ Gujarati: શરદી (śardī)

→ Hindi: सर्दी (sardī)

→ Bengali: সর্দি (śordi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سردی (serdi)

→ Urdu: سردی (sardī)

→? Georgian: სურდო (surdo)

→ Armenian: սուրդո (surdo) (Tbilisi)

→ Bats: სურდუ (surdu)

→ Mingrelian: სურდუ (surdu)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (sltyh /sardīh/), from [script needed] (slt' /sard/) + [script needed] (-yh /-īh/).


نیاکان

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نیاکان • (niyâkân)


شاخاب پارس

شاخاب پارس • (šâxâb-e pârs)

fa-proper noun

شاخاب پارس • (šâxâb-e pârs)


پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

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پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

pendâr-e nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[pin.dɑː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kaɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰɪn̪.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰen̪.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰäɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

uder

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک#Persian

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds
Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds

Alternative form of اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک (andiše-ye nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik, “Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds”)

اندیشه نیک

en-پندار_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-ZDie73vj


بوستان

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بوستان • (bôstân) (plural بوستانها (bôstân-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: بُسْتَان (bustān)
→ Shehri: məstún
→ Swahili: bustani

→ Azerbaijani: bostan

→ Georgian: ბოსტანი (bosṭani)

→ Gujarati: બોસ્તાન (bostān)

→ Hebrew: בֻּסְתָּן (bustān)

→ Malay: bustan

Indonesian: bustan

→ Middle Armenian: պօստան (pōstan)

Armenian: բոստան (bostan)

→ Northern Kurdish: bostan

→ Ottoman Turkish: بوستان (bostân), بوصتان (bostan), պօսթան (bostan) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: bostan
→ Albanian: bostan
→ Aromanian: bustane
→ Bulgarian: боста́н (bostán)
→ Byzantine Greek: μποστάνι (mpostáni)
Greek: μποστάνι (bostáni)
→ Crimean Tatar: bostan
→ Ladino: bostan, bustan
→ Macedonian: бостан (bostan)
→ Romanian: bostan, bostană
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо̀стан
Latin script: bòstan

→ Russian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Ukrainian: башта́н (baštán)

→ Chagatai: بوستان

Uyghur: بوستان (bostan)

Uzbek: boʻston

[bʊːs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwdstʾn'), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwystʾn), 𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwyystʾn /bōyestān/, “(flower) garden”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (bwdystʾn /bōδestān/), Sogdian [script needed] (βōδistān, “garden”) and Iranian borrowings Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā), Classical Syriac ܒܘܣܬܢܐ (būstānā), Old Armenian բուրաստան (burastan).

cog

בּוּסְתְּנָא

Aramaic בּוּסְתְּנָא (būstenā)


جاهل‌تر

جاهلتر (canonical)
jâhel-tar (romanization)

جاهل جاهل#Persian


جاهل‌ترین

جاهلترین (canonical)
jâhel-tarin (romanization)

جاهل جاهل#Persian


بازی‌های المپیک

بازیهای المپیک (canonical)
bâzi-hâ-ye olampik (romanization)

fa:بازی‌های المپیک


آذرآبادگان

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آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa-proper noun

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa:آذرآبادگان

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ʔɔ.bɔ.d̪ä.ɡɔ́n]

آذربایجان آذربایجان#Persian


آذرآبادگان

head

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa-noun

آذرآبادگان • (âzar-âbâdagân)

fa:آذرآبادگان

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.ʔɑː.βɑː.ða.ˈɡɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.ʔɑː.bɑː.d̪ä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.ʔɔː.bɔː.d̪ä.ɡɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.ʔɒː.bɒː.d̪æ.ɡɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.zäɾ.ʔɔ.bɔ.d̪ä.ɡɔ́n]


خوره

From خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)) + ـه (-e).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat”)

(idiomatic) obsession, fascination (for something, e.g. a hobby)

حکومت حجاج بر عراق بیست سال طول کشید. و آخرین کسی را که بکشت سعید بن جبیر بود. در آخر کار به خورهی شکم مبتلا شد.

Al-Hajjāj's government over Iraq lasted for twenty years, and the last person he killed was Sa'īd ibn Jabīr. In the end, he was afflicted with stomach cancer.

hukūmat-i hajjāj bar irāq bīst sāl tūl kašīd. u āxarīn kasē rā ki bikušt sa'īd bin-i jabīr būd. dar āxar-i kār ba xwara-yi šikam mubtalā šud.

(obsolete) Any serious disease considered to "eat away" at the patient, not just leprosy.


خوره

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwarrah, “divine glory, splendour”), a borrowing from Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (xᵛar^ənah). Doublet of فر (farr), which was inherited.

inh

Khvarenah; synonym of فر (farr, “royal glory”).

One of five administrative divisions of Sasanian Iran.


دوا

head

دوا • (dawā)

fa-noun

دوا • (dawā)


جاهل

fa-adj

جاهل • (jâhel) (comparative جاهلتَر (jâhel-tar), superlative جاهلتَرین (jâhel-tarin))

jâhel (romanization)
جاهلتَر (comparative)
جاهلتَرین (superlative)

[d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɑː.jɪ́l]

[d͡ʒɔː.jíl̥]

[d͡ʒɒː.ɦél̥]


نواختر

head

نواختر • (now-axtar) (plural نواخترها (now-axtar-hâ))

now-axtar (romanization)
نواخترها (plural)

[näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

From نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).


اخترمار

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔæx.t̪ʰæɹ.mɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ.mɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarmār), 𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭥𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭥 (axtarāmār).


ابرنواختر

ابرنواختر • (abar-now-axtar) (plural ابرنواخترها (abar-now-axtar-hâ))

abar-now-axtar (romanization)
ابرنواخترها (plural)

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔä.bäɾ.näw.ʔäχ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From ابر (abar, “super”) + نو (now, “new”) + اختر (axtar, “star”).

compound

fa:ابرنواختر


ستاره‌شناس

head

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

fa-noun

ستارهشناس • (setâre-šenâs)

ستارهشناس (canonical)
setâre-šenâs (romanization)

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

From ستاره (setâre, “star”) + شناس (šenâs).


نول

From Middle Persian *nōl, found borrowed in Aramaic נַוְולָא / ܢܰܘܠܴܐ (nawlā) (meaning in Judaeo-Aramaic “loom” and Classical Syriac “beam”). Ultimately via the expansion of the drawloom westwards in Roman times from Proto-Dravidian *nūl (“thread”).

cog

Aramaic נַוְולָא

the outer part of the mouth; a beak, bill

anything on which one leans or is supported


دیشت

head

دیشت • (dišt)

دیشتن دیشتن#Persian

(dialectal, Mashhad) past stem form of دیشتن (dištan)


شوالیه

شوالیه • (šovâliye)

fa-noun

شوالیه • (šovâliye)


یگ

(dialectal, Mashhad) Alternative form of یک (yek), one


شکمی

[ʃɪ.kʰä.míː]

[ʃɪ.kʰä.míː]

[ʃɪ.kʰä.míː]


روندن

head

روندن • (rundan) (present stem رون (run))

rundan (romanization)
رون (present stem)
روندن (infinitive)
rundán (infinitive)
رون (present stem)
run (present stem)
روند (past stem)
rund (past stem)
روننده (participle present)
runandé (participle present)
رونده (participle past)
rundé (participle past)
رونم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
runam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
رونی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
runi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
رونه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
rune (aorist indicative singular third-person)
رونیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
runim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
رونین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
runin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
رونن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
runan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میرونم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-runam (first-person indicative present singular)
میرونی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-runi (indicative present second-person singular)
میرونه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-rune (indicative present singular third-person)
میرونیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-runim (first-person indicative plural present)
میرونین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-runin (indicative plural present second-person)
میرونن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-runan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میرونم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-runam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میرونی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-runi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میرونه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-rune (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میرونیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-runim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میرونین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-runin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میرونن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-runan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
روندهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
rundám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
روندهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
rundí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
رونده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
rundé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
روندهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
rundím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
روندهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
rundín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
روندهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
rundán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
روندم (first-person indicative past singular)
rundam (first-person indicative past singular)
روندی (indicative past second-person singular)
rundi (indicative past second-person singular)
روند (indicative past singular third-person)
rund (indicative past singular third-person)
روندیم (first-person indicative past plural)
rundim (first-person indicative past plural)
روندین (indicative past plural second-person)
rundin (indicative past plural second-person)
روندن (indicative past plural third-person)
rundan (indicative past plural third-person)
میروندم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-rundam (first-person indicative past singular)
میروندی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-rundi (indicative past second-person singular)
میروند (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-rund (indicative past singular third-person)
میروندیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-rundim (first-person indicative past plural)
میروندین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-rundin (indicative past plural second-person)
میروندن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-rundan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میروندم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-rundam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میروندی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-rundi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میروند (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-rund (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میروندیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-rundim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میروندین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-rundin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میروندن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-rundan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
رونده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rundé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
رونده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rundé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
رونده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rundé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
رونده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rundé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
رونده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rundé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
رونده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rundé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
برونم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bérunam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
برونی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béruni (present second-person singular subjunctive)
برونه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bérune (present singular subjunctive third-person)
برونیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bérunim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
برونین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bérunin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
برونن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bérunan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
رونده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
rundé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
رونده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
rundé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
رونده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
rundé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
رونده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
rundé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
رونده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
rundé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
رونده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
rundé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
برون (imperative second-person singular)
bérun (imperative second-person singular)
برونین (imperative plural second-person)
bérunin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">روندن</i> (rundán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میروندیم

داشتم میروندم

داشتین میروندین

داشتی میروندی

داشتن میروندن

داریم میرونیم

دارین میرونین

راندن راندن#Persian


شکمبه

head

شکمبه • (šekambe) (plural شکمبهها (šekambe-hâ))

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: شكمبه (şikembe), شكنبه (şikenbe), اشكمبه (işkembe), اشكنبه (işkenbe), شكمب, شكنب
Turkish: işkembe
→ Albanian: shkembë
→ Aromanian: schimbeu, schimbiu, șchembe
→ Bulgarian: шкембе́ (škembé), чкембе́ (čkembé)
→ Greek: σκεμπές (skempés)
→ Macedonian: шкембе (škembe), чкембе (čkembe)
→ Romanian: schimbea, schembea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шкѐмбе, škѐmba
Latin script: škèmbe, škèmba

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭱𐭪𐭬𐭡𐭪 (ʾškmbk /aškombak/). By surface analysis, شکنب (šekanb, “stomach”) + ـه (-e, “noun-forming suffix”).


رفت

رفتن رفتن#Persian


پریشان‌ترین

head

پریشانترین • (parišân-tarin)

پریشانترین (canonical)
parišân-tarin (romanization)

پریشان پریشان#Persian


پریشان‌تر

پریشانتر • (parišân-tar)

پریشانتر (canonical)
parišân-tar (romanization)

پریشان پریشان#Persian


آرشیو

آرشیو • (âršiv) (plural آرشیوها (âršiv-hâ))


رو

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

رفتن رفتن#Persian

inflection of رفتن (raftan, “to go”):
present stem

رفتن رفتن#Persian

inflection of رفتن (raftan, “to go”):
second-person singular imperative

رفتن رفتن#Persian

inflection of رفتن (raftan, “to go”):
present participle


رو

(with ezafe) Alternative form of روی (ru-ye, “on, above”)


رو

(colloquial, Iran) Colloquial Iranian form of را (râ)


تفور

Akin to Old Armenian թափուր (tʻapʻur), an Iranian borrowing.


سورنای

head

سورنای • (surnây)

سرنا سرنا#Persian


بی‌مغز

fa-adj

بیمَغز • (bê-mağz) (comparative بیمَغزتَر (bê-mağz-tar), superlative بیمَغزتَرین (bê-mağz-tarin))

بیمَغز (canonical)
bê-mağz (romanization)
بیمَغزتَر (comparative)
بیمَغزتَرین (superlative)


آسیو

(dialectal, Shiraz: some people, Dashtestan) mill


نیم

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭢, 𐭭𐭩𐭬 (nēm, “half”) (logogram PRG from Aramaic), from Proto-Iranian *náymah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *náymas (“half”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀 (naēma), Sanskrit नेम (néma).


بون

(dialectal, Shiraz, Kazerun, Eqlid) alternative form of بان (bân, “roof”)


بلگ

(dialectal, Eqlid, Alamarvdasht, Dashtestan, Sadabad) leaf


بختن

head

بختن • (bextan) (present stem بیز (biz))

bextan (romanization)
بیز (present stem)

آردشه بخته الکشه آویخته.


بختن

بختن • (boxtan) (present stem بوز (buz))

boxtan (romanization)
بوز (present stem)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐬠𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬆𐬥 (buxtan, “to free, liberate, save”), from Proto-Iranian *bauxtah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰauǰyáti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwg-e-ti from the root *bʰewg- (“to flee”). Cognate with Parthian [Term?] (/buxtan/, “to free, liberate, save”) and Central Kurdish بووژانەوە (būžānawa, “to revive”).


پار

2024 May 10, “وزارت صحت عامه: بیش از دو میلیون کودک و مادر سال پار واکسن شدند [wazārat-i sahat-i āma: bēš az dū mīlyūn kōdak wa mādar sāl-i pār wāksan šudand, Ministry of Public Health: more than two million children and mothers were vaccinated last year]”, in tolonews.com, Tolo News:


کن

کردن کردن#Persian


کن

هر کِه/کی عاشق مِشَه پنهون مِکِنَه مثل اویَه

کردن کردن#Persian

(dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of کردن (kardan)


کاستن

head

کاستن • (kâstan) (present stem کاه (kâh))

kâstan (romanization)
کاه (present stem)

From Proto-Iranian *kas- (“to be small, diminish, lessen”), of uncertain further origin; compare perhaps German hager (“gaunt”) and Lithuanian kašėti (“to lessen, become thin, dry, weaken”). Cognate with که (keh, “small”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬫𐬀𐬵 (kasyah, “smaller, lesser”), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ks, “small(er), less(er), young(er)”), Nayini käs (“small”), Bactrian κισατο (kisato, “least, youngest”), Baluchi [script needed] (kisān, kasān, “small”), Sanskrit कशु (kaśu, “a name denoting 'the Small One'”), and Old Armenian կէս (kēs, “half; in part”), an Iranian borrowing.


بارو

head

بارو • (bâru)

fa-noun

بارو • (bâru)

از اندرون شهر در بسیار جای نردبانهای سنگین بسته است که بر سر بارو توان شدن.

From the inside of the city, stone ladders are attached to many a place so that one can go on top of the ramparts.

az andarūn-i šahr dar bisyār jāyē nardubān-hā-yi sangēn basta ast ki bar sar-i bārū tawān šudan.


وایشتن

head

وایشتن • (vâyaštan) (present stem وایرد (vâyard))

vâyaštan (romanization)
وایرد (present stem)

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to return

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to come back


واگشتن

واگشتن • (vâgaštan) (present stem واگرد (vâgard))

vâgaštan (romanization)
واگرد (present stem)


دیفال

دیفال • (difâl)

fa-noun

دیفال • (difâl)


بیدن

head

بیدن • (bidan) (present stem بو (bu) or باش (bâš))

bidan (romanization)
بو (present stem)
باش (present stem)

(dialectal, Bushehr, Abadeh, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to be (See the Usage Notes)

(dialectal, Bushehr, Abadeh, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) to exist


مرخ

→ Middle Armenian: մարխ (marx)

عفار عفار#Persian

the lower one of the two pieces of wood from which fire is struck by rubbing, the upper being called عفار ('afâr), and both taking their names from the tree from which they are respectively cut


ری

→ Azerbaijani: Rey

→ Chagatai: ری

Uzbek: Ray

→ Ottoman Turkish: ری (Rey)

Turkish: Rey

From Middle Persian [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ldy /Ray/), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎥𐎠 (Ragā), a Median district. Compare Akkadian 𒊏𒂵𒀪 (ra-ga-'), Elamite 𒊩𒋡𒀭 (rák-ka₄-an) (loc.), Ancient Greek Ῥάγαι (Rhágai), Latin Rhagae, Rhaganae, Iranian borrowings.


ری

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) on

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) above

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) upon


ارمنی‌ها

ارمنیها (canonical)
armani-hâ (romanization)

ارمنی ارمنی#Persian


مغرب‌زمین

مغربزمین (canonical)
mağreb-zamin (romanization)


خوشنویس

head

خوشنویس • (xošnevis) (plural خوشنویسان (xošnevisân) or خوشنویسها (xošnevis-hâ))

xošnevis (romanization)
خوشنویسان (plural)
خوشنویسها (plural)


ارغنون

ارغنون • (arğanun) (plural ارغنونها (arğanun-hâ))

arğanun (romanization)
ارغنونها (plural)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.nún]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.núːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.nún]

1207-1273, Rumi, Masnawī-i Ma'nawī
پس عدم گردم عدم چو ارغنون
گویدم کانا الیه راجعون
pas adam gardam, adam ču arğanūn
gōyadam k'"innā ilayhi rāji'ūn"


افغانی

افغانی • (afğâni) (plural افغانیها (afğâni-hâ))

afghani (unit of currency in Afghanistan)

افغان افغان#Persian

(Iran, potentially derogatory) Synonym of افغان (afğân, “Afghan; someone from Afghanistan”).

افغان

پشتو پشتو#Persian

(archaic) Synonym of پشتو (paštu, “Pashto language”).


خوشنویسی

خوشنویسی • (xošnevisi)

fa-noun

خوشنویسی • (xošnevisi)

من تصمیم گرفتم یک کلاس خوشنویسی بگذرانم تا خطاطی یاد بگیرم.

I decided to take (lit. spend time at) a calligraphy class in order to learn penmanship.

Man tasmim gereftam yek kelâs-e xošnevisi begozarânam tâ xattâti yâd begiram.


شکسته‌نستعلیق

شکستهنستعلیق (canonical)
šekaste-nasta'liq (romanization)

From شِکَسْتَه (šekaste) + نَسْتَعْلیق (nasta'liq), literally “broken Nastaliq”.

af

(calligraphy) Shikasta Nasta'liq (a style of calligraphy)


به هم زدن

head

به هم زدن • (be ham zadan) (present stem به هم زن (be ham zan))

be ham zadan (romanization)
به هم زن (present stem)

همه شهر و به هم میزدم اما چقدر پیش تو بیاراده بودم

2012, Ali Lohrasbi, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

hame šahr o be ham mi-zadam amma čeqadr piš-e to bi-erâde budam


عبدالرضا

Borrowed from Arabic عَبْد الرِّضَا (ʕabd ar-riḍā, “slave of Rida”).

bor+

عَبْد الرِّضَا

a male given name, Abdorreza, from Arabic, meaning “slave of Rida”


ارگ

From Middle Persian [script needed] (arg), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk-. Cognates include Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō), Latin arx (“citadel”).

citadel (strong fortress that sits high above a city)


کنده

From Middle Persian [Term?]. Akin to Old Armenian քանդակ (kʻandak), an Iranian borrowing.


کنده

→ Azerbaijani: kündə

the stocks for offenders, a kind of clog or wooden fetters for captives


خوشنویسان

head

خوشنویسان • (xošnevisân)

خوشنویس خوشنویس#Persian


خوشنویس‌ها

خوشنویسها • (xošnevis-hâ)

خوشنویسها (canonical)
xošnevis-hâ (romanization)

خوشنویس خوشنویس#Persian


ماهور

ماهور • (mâhur) (plural ماهورها (mâhurhâ))

Dastgāh-e Māhur, one of the seven dastgahs


ترسایی

ترسایی • (tarsâyi)

fa-noun

ترسایی • (tarsâyi)

/tæɾsɒːˈjiː/

From ترسا + ـی.


فرهان

head

فرهان • (farhân)

fa-proper noun

فرهان • (farhân)


دوما

head

دوما • (dumâ)

fa-noun

دوما • (dumâ)

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) bridegroom

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) son-in-law


شاپور

head

شاپور • (šâpur)

fa-proper noun

شاپور • (šâpur)

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 (Šāpuhr, Šābūr).

a male given name, Shapur, Shapour, Shapoor, or Shāpūr, from Middle Persian


نخون

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) nail, fingernail


مقرنس

head

مقرنس • (moqarnas) (plural مقرنسها (moqarnas-hâ))

moqarnas (romanization)
مقرنسها (plural)


چندضلعی

چندضلعی • (čandzel'i) (plural چندضلعیها (čandzel'i-hâ))

čandzel'i (romanization)
چندضلعیها (plural)


بادگیر

بادگیر • (bâdgir) (plural بادگیرها (bâdgir-hâ))

From باد (bâd, “wind”) + گیر (gir, “catcher”).


کاریز

head

کاریز • (kârêz) (plural کاریزها (kârêz-hâ))

Arabic: كاريز (kārīz) (Iraq, west Arabia)

Azerbaijani: kəhriz

Baluchi: کاریز (kárez)

desc

Kazakh: кәріз (kärız), кяхриз (käxriz), кягриз (kägriz)

Ottoman Turkish: کاریز (kâriz); گریز (giriz) (see there for further descendants)

Russian: кяриз (kjariz)

Uyghur: كارىز (kariz)

From earlier form کاهریز (/kāhrēz/) or کهریز (/kahrēz/), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ksryc /kahrēz/) (compare Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫞𐫍𐫡𐫏𐫉 (qhryz /kahrēz/, “qanat”), Parthian 𐫞𐫍𐫡𐫏𐫝 (qhryc /kahrēz/, “qanat”) and Khunsari کیریز (/kēⁱrīz)/), or compound of کاه (kâh, “straw”) + ریز (rêz, “to throw”). They used to throw straws in qanats' wells to see how rapid the movement of water is for repair purposes.

compound

و کسانی که شهرها و دیهها و بناها و کاریزها ساختند و غم این جهان بخوردند آن همه بگذاشتند و برفتند […]

995-1077, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī, ed. Ali-Akbar Fayyâz, pp. 320-321

10th century, Kisā'ī Marwazī
سزد که دو رخ کاریز آب دیده کنی
که ریز ریز بخواهدت ریختن کاریز


چوگان

head

چوگان • (čowgân)

fa-noun

چوگان • (čowgân)

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́n]

From Middle Persian cwpkʾn' (čōbagān, *čaw(la)gān), cwgʾn' (čōgān).

uder

977-1010, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
ز چوگان او گوی شد ناپدید
تو گفتی سپهرش همیبرکشید
zi čawgān-i ō gōy šud nāpadīd
tu guftī sipihraš hamē-bar-kašīd
From [the kick of] his polo-stick, the ball disappeared

It looked such that it was surpassing the heavens


نزد

→ Ottoman Turkish: نزد

Turkish: nezd

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nzd /nazd/), from Proto-Iranian *názdah. Compare also نزدیک (nazdik).

inh

اگر بر تقدیر معقولیت میفرمایید پس باطلترین و نجسترین و گندهترین دینها پیش من دین ایشان است بلكه دین هنود نزد من از دین ایشان بهتر!

1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:

If you assess it based on plausibility, then my view is that the absurdest, the impurest, and the dirtiest of religions is theirs: in my opinion, the religion of the Hindus is better than theirs!

agar bar taqdīr-i ma'quliyat mē-farmāyēd pas bātiltarīn u najistarīn u gandatarīn-i dīn-hā pēš-i man dīn-i ēšān ast balki dīn-i hunūd nazd-i man az dīn-i ēšān bihtar!


ایستگاه اتوبوس

head

ایستگاه اتوبوس

ایستگاههای اتوبوس

ایستگاه اتوبوس • (istgâh-e otobus) (plural ایستگاههای اتوبوس (istgâh-hâ-ye otobus))

fa-noun

ایستگاه اتوبوس

ایستگاههای اتوبوس

istgâh-e otobus (romanization)
ایستگاههای اتوبوس (plural)


حالت چطوره

head

حالت چطوره؟ • (hâlet četore?)

حالت چطوره ؟ (canonical)
hâlet četore? (romanization)


امپریالیسم

امپریالیسم • (emperiyâlism or amperiyâlism)

emperiyâlism (romanization)
amperiyâlism (romanization)

fa:امپریالیسم


تراشتن

تراشتن • (terâštan, tarâštan) (present stem تراش (terâš, tarâš))

terâštan (romanization)
tarâštan (romanization)
تراش (present stem)

[t̪eɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]

[t̪eɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]

[t̪eɾɑːʃ.t̪ʰän]

[t̪eɾɔːʃ.t̪ʰän]

[t̪eɹɒːʃ.t̪ʰæn]

[t̪eɾɔʃ.t̪ʰän]


صنم

صَنَم (canonical)
sanam (romanization)
اَصنام (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सनम (sanam)

Urdu: صنم (sanam)

→ Punjabi: ਸਨਮ (sanam)


نومزاد

نومزاد • (numzâd)

fa-noun

نومزاد • (numzâd)

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) candidate

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) fiancé, fiancée


کمو

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) Alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


آرتساخ

head

آرتساخ • (ârtsâx)

fa-proper noun

آرتساخ • (ârtsâx)

[ʔɒːɹt̪.sɒ́ːx]


جور

→ Azerbaijani: cür

From earlier جاوَر (jāwar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéws. Cognate with Parthian 𐫏𐫀𐫇𐫡 (yʾwr /yāwar/, “time, occasion”).


جور

این اصلا با من جور نیست. (colloquial)

This doesn’t fit me (isn’t similar to me) at all


کالواس

head

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

fa-noun

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

kâlvâs (romanization)
kâlwâs (romanization)


استکام

head

استکام • (estekâm)

fa-noun

استکام • (estekâm)

From Russian стака́н (stakán); see there for further information.

(dialectal, Kerman, Kazerun, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) small drinking glass


مصمم

Borrowed from Arabic مُصَمَّم (muṣammam).


کندگ

کنده کنده#Persian


واژه‌نامه

head

واژهنامه • (vâže-nâme) (plural واژهنامهها (vâže-nâme-hâ))

واژهنامه (canonical)
vâže-nâme (romanization)
واژهنامهها (plural)

From واژه (vâže, “word”) + نامه (nâme, “book (of)”).


مشهود

fa-adj

مشهود • (mašhud)

[mæʃ.húːd̪̥]


نصیب

head

نصیب • (nasib) (plural نصیبها (nasib-hâ))

بهبود چون طمع کنم و روز دلخوشی
از بخت و طالعی که نباشد مرا نصیب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 113:

How can I seek happiness and a day to be cheerful
From that fortune and fate which are not my lot?

bihbūd čūn tama' kunam u rōz-i dilxwašī
az baxt u tāli'ē ki nabāšad ma-rā nasīb


نومد

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) did not came


غریبه

غریبه • (ğaribe) (plural غریبهها (ğaribe-hâ))


دلاک

دلاک • (dallâk) (plural دلاکان (dallâkân))

→ Armenian: դալլաք (dallakʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: dəllək

→ Georgian: დალაქი (dalaki)

→ Gujarati: દલ્લાક (dallāk)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلاك (dellak), تلاك (tellak), تلاق (tellak)

Turkish: tellak


کلون

fa-adj

کلون • (kalun) (comparative کلونتَر (kalun-tar), superlative کلونتَرین (kalun-tarin))

kalun (romanization)
کلونتَر (comparative)
کلونتَرین (superlative)


دانش آموز

head

دانش آموز • (dâneš-âmuz)

fa-noun

دانش آموز • (dâneš-âmuz)

دانشآموز دانشآموز#Persian


افگندن

head

افگندن • (afgandan) (present stem افگن (afgan))

afgandan (romanization)
افگن (present stem)

[ʔæf.ɡʲæn̪.d̪ǽn]

افکندن افکندن#Persian

(archaic, Dari) Alternative form of افکندن (afkandan)


ڤ

(obsolete) A letter used in some Early New Persian manuscripts to denote a bilabial fricative.


امس

خود غریبی در جهان چون شمس نیست
شمس جان باقیی کش امس نیست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 119:

There is nothing in the world so wondrous strange as the Sun, the everlasting spiritual Sun which hath no yesterday.

xwad ğarībē dar jahān čōn šams nēst
šams-i jān-i bāqīyē k-aš ams nēst


زهره

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zʾhlk' /zahrag/, “gall; bile”), suffixed from Proto-Iranian *jarHáH, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂. Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”), Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “gall; bile”), Old English ġealla (“gall”), whence English gall.

cog

بر آب نیل گذر نمی توان کرد یکی آن که آبی بزرگ است و دوم نهنگ بسیار در آن باشد که هر حیوانی که به آب افتد در حال فرو میبرند و گویند به حوالی شهر مصر در راه طلسمی کردهاند که مردم را زحمت نرسانند و ستور را و به هیچ جای دیگر کسی را زهره نباشد در آب شدن به یک تیر پرتاب دور از شهر.

One cannot cross the water of the Nile, first because it is a large body of water, and second, because there are many alligators inside, so that any animal which falls into the water is dragged under all at once. They say that in the environs of the city, a talisman has been set up on the road so that people and animals will not be in danger. Nobody has the courage to go into the water in a place other than within one arrowshot's width of the city.

bar āb-i nīl guḏar na-mē-tawān kard yakē ān ki ābē buzurg ast u duwwum ki nahang bisyār dar ān bāšad ki har haywānē ki ba āb uftad dar hāl furō mē-barand u gūyand ba hawālī-yi šahr-i misr dar rāh tilasmē karda-and ki mardum rā zahmat na-rasānand u sotōr rā u ba hēč jā-yi dīgar kasē rā zahra na-bāšad dar āb šudan ba yak tīr-i partāb dawr az šahr.


زهره

→ Azerbaijani: Zöhrə

→ Chagatai: زهرة (zuhra)

Borrowed from Arabic الزُّهَرَة (az-zuhara).

bor+

(astronomy) Venus (the second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀)


رومی

head

رومی • (rumi, rômi) (plural رومیان (rumi, rômiân) or رومیها (rumi, rômi-hâ))

rumi (romanization)
rômi (romanization)
رومیان (plural)
رومیها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāyīg, “Greek, Byzantine, Roman”). Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom) being the Middle Persian term for Rome and Middle Persian 𐭩𐭪 (-ig) being the suffix which forms adjectives of relation.


رومی

→ Malay: Rumi, رومي
→ English: Rumi

اسکندر رومی (eskandar-e rumi, “Alexander the Great”, literally “Alexander the Greek”) (archaic)


بیت‌المقدس

بیتالمقدس (canonical)
beyt-ol-moqaddas (romanization)

desc

બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ

→ Gujarati: બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ (baitulmukaddas)

→ Malay: Baitulmuqaddis

→ Pashto: بيت المقدس (bayt-ul-muqadas)

→ Urdu: بیت المقدس (bait-ul-muqaddas)

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (bayt al-maqdis), but the less common word مَقْدِس (maqdis, “sanctuary, the Temple in Jerusalem”) was mistakenly read as the more common word مُقَدَّس (muqaddas, “holy, sacred”), which are visually identical when written without vowel diacritics.

bor+

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس

بیت المقدس است دل تو بنور دین
وه تا نه خوک خانه کند کافر فرنگ

c. 1160, Sōzanī of Samarqand, “Qaṣīda 95”, in دیوان سوزنی:

Your heart is Jerusalem by the light of the faith;
Woe should the Frankish unbeliever turn it into a pigsty!

bayt-ul-maqdis ast dil-i tu ba nūr-i dīn
wah tā na xūk xāna kunad kāfir-i firang

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


پرگار

head

پَرْگار • (pargâr) (plural پرگارها (pargâr-hâ))

پَرْگار (canonical)
pargâr (romanization)
پرگارها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: بِرْكَار (birkār), فِرْجَار (firjār), بِرْجَار (birjār), بَرْجَل (barjal), بِيكَار (bīkār)

→ Azerbaijani: pərgar

→ Georgian: ფარგალი (pargali)

→ Middle Armenian: փարկալ (pʻarkal), փալկալ (pʻalkal)

Armenian: փարգալ (pʻargal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرگار (perger), پرگال (pergel)

Turkish: pergel

→ Armenian: փերգել (pʻergel), փերկել (pʻerkel)

→ Bulgarian: пергел (pergel)

→ Romanian: perghel

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (prγrs’y /parγarsē/, “round, oval”), Northern Kurdish pergal (“mode, system, order”), Sanskrit प्रकार (prakāra, “sort, kind, form, nature, way, mode, manner”). The first element is from Proto-Iranian *pari- (“around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, front”).

der

جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
سر گرچه دو کردهایم یک تن داریم

11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr:

My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm


محراب

head

محراب • (mehrâb) (plural محرابها (mehrâb-hâ))

→ Urdu: محراب (mihrāb, mehrāb)

[me̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[me̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[meɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


شیطان‌پرستی

شیطانپرستی (canonical)
šeytân-parasti (romanization)

[ʃejˈt̪ʰɒːnpʰæɾæst̪ʰi]


شعب

شعبه شعبه#Persian


روبه

روبه • (rubah) (plural روبَهان (rubah-ân))

روبه پرفریب و حیلتساز / رفت پای درخت و کرد آواز

Habib Yaghmaei, the Persian translation of The Fox and the Crow

The sly, deceitfull fox / stood by the tree and started to sing

rubah-e por-farib-o hilat-sâz / raft pây-e deraxt-o kard âvâz

روباه روباه#Persian


خوردنی

From خوردن (xordan, “to eat”) + ـی (i, “-able”).


خوردنی

head

خوردنی • (xordani) (plural خوردنیها (xordani-hâ))

xordani (romanization)
خوردنیها (plural)


پس از

From پس (pas, “so, after, behind”) + از (az, “from”).

af

بادشاه امسال دعوای نبوت کرده است، گر خدا خواهد پس از سالی خدا خواهد شد

late 16th c., Mullā Shīrī, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

This year, the emperor has laid claim to prophethood; God willing, after a year, he will become a god.

bâdšâh emsâl da'vâ-ye nobovvat karde ast, gar xodâ xâhad pas az sâli xodâ xâhad šod


کمک می‌خوای

کمک میخوای ؟ (canonical)
komak mi-xây? (romanization)


گرمابه

head

گَرْمابِه • (garmâbe) (plural گرمابهها (garmâbe-hâ))

گَرْمابِه (canonical)
garmâbe (romanization)
گرمابهها (plural)

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɑː.bǽ]

[ɡäɾ.mɔː.bǽ]

[ɡʲæɹ.mɒː.bé]

From Middle Persian glmpʾk' (garmābag, “bathhouse”). By surface analysis, گَرم (garm, “hot”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e, “noun forming suffix”).


بهی

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਹੀ (bihī)

Shahmukhi script: بهی (bihī)


پرووکاتور

head

پرووکاتور • (porovokâtor) (plural پرووکاتورها (porovokâtor-hâ))

porovokâtor (romanization)
پرووکاتورها (plural)

fa:پرووکاتور


آژان پرووکاتور

آژان پرووکاتورها

آژان پرووکاتور • (âžân porovokâtor) (plural آژان پرووکاتورها (âžân porovokâtor-hâ))

fa-noun

آژان پرووکاتورها

âžân porovokâtor (romanization)
آژان پرووکاتورها (plural)

[ʔɒː.ʒɒ́ːn pʰo.ɹo.vo.kʰɒː.t̪ʰóɹ]

fa:آژان پرووکاتور


قسم

(Translation by Wheeler M. Thackston)
گره سیورها که بریاضت و تجرد و حکمت در کل ممالک هندوستان امتیاز دارند زمانه را که بزبان هندی "کال" گویند بر دو قسم منقسم ساختهاند

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Akbarnama Volume 1

The Seoras, who are famous throughout India for their asceticism, reclusivity, and wisdom, have divided time, which is called kal in the Indian language, into two parts.


تقریر

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तक़रीर (taqrīr)

Urdu: تَقْرِیر (taqrīr)

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰäq.ɾíːɾ]

[t̪ʰæʁ.ɹíːɹ]

شرح درماندگی خود به که تقریر کنم
عاجزم چارهٔ من چیست چه تدبیر کنم

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دلآزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

To whom should I confess the explanation of my misery?
I am helpless; what is my cure? What plan do I make?

šarh-i darmāndagī-yi xwad ba ki taqrīr kunam
ājiz-am čāra-yi man čī-st či tadbīr kunam

utterance; speech; statement; confession


بادرنگ

head

بادرنگ • (bâdrang)

fa-noun

بادرنگ • (bâdrang)

Tajik: бодиринг (bodiring)

Uzbek: bodring

Kazakh: бәдірен (bädıren)

Kyrgyz: бадыраң (badıraŋ)

→ Gujarati: બાદરંગ (bādraṅg)

[bɑːð.ˈɾaŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɑːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ]

[bɔːd̪.ɾǽŋɡ̥]

[bɒːd̪.ɹǽŋɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾtlng /wādrang/, “citron”). Akin to Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (wʾdrwng /wādrūng/, “lemon balm, balm mint”) and Iranian-borrowed Old Armenian վարունգ (varung), Mongolian батраш (batraš), Kalmyk батраш (batraş). Further origin in Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga, “citron (tree)”).


کذایی

fa-adj

کذایی • (kazâyi)


فراماسونری

head

فراماسونری • (ferâmâsoneri)

fa-noun

فراماسونری • (ferâmâsoneri)

fa:فراماسونری


فراموشخانه

head

فراموشخانه • (farâmušxâne)

fa-noun

فراموشخانه • (farâmušxâne)

From فراموش (farâmuš, “forgotten”, in reference to the organization's secrecy) + خانه (xâne, “house”). Phono-semantic matching of English Freemasonry.

af

فراموش
<t:forgotten><pos:in reference to the organization's secrecy>


چوبدست

head

چوبدست • (čubdast)

fa-noun

چوبدست • (čubdast)

[t͡ʃʰʊːb.d̪ǽst̪]


کنعان

head

کنعان • (kan'ân)

fa-proper noun

کنعان • (kan'ân)

[kʰän.ʔɑ́ːn]

[kʰän.ʔɑ́ːn]

[kʰʲæn.ʔɒ́ːn]

14th-century, Hafez, "From Canaan Joseph Shall Return", Divan-e Hafez
یوسف گمگشته بازآید به کنعان غم مخور
کلبهٔ احزان شود روزی گلستان غم مخور
Yusof-e gomgašte bâz-âyad be Kan'ân, ğam maxor
kolbe-ye ahzân šavad ruzi golestân, ğam maxor
Joseph (i.e. The son of the Jewish patriarch, Jacob), who was a thing lost, returned to Canaan, (therefore) Bury your anxiety.
The cottage of sorrows becomes the daily bread of the garden, (therefore) Bury your anxiety.


مرضیه

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْضِيَّة (marḍiyya).

bor+

a female given name, Marzieh, Marziyya, Marziyyeh, or Marzia, from Arabic


شترگاوپلنگ

head

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

شترگاوپلنگ • (šotorgâvpalang) (plural شترگاوپلنگها (šotorgâvpalang-hâ) or شترگاوپلنگان (šotorgâvpalangân))

fa-noun

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

šotorgâvpalang (romanization)
شترگاوپلنگها (plural)
شترگاوپلنگان (plural)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.ɡäw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ̥]

[ʃo.t̪ʰoɹ.ɡɒːv.pʰæ.lǽɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾwštlgʾwplng (uštar-gāw-palang, “giraffe”), compound of ʾwštl (uštar, “camel”) + gʾw (gāw, “ox, cow, bull”) + plng (palang, “leopard”). Also analyzable as شتر (šotor, “camel”) + گاو (gâv, “cow”) + پلنگ (palang, “leopard”).
Compare Old Armenian շտրպաղանգ (štrpałang), an Iranian borrowing. For the formation compare Ancient Greek καμηλοπάρδαλις (kamēlopárdalis), Old Armenian ընձուղտ (ənjułt), Classical Syriac ܓܡܠ ܢܡܪܐ (ɡmal-nemrā).

cog

καμηλοπάρδαλις

از یک طرفی مجلس ما شیک و قشنگ - از یک طرفی عرصه به ملیون تنگ - قانون و حکومت نظامی و فشار - این است حکومت شتر گاو پلنگ

Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, Divan-e Robaiyathttps://ganjoor.net/yazdi/divan/robaee/sh268

On one hand, our Parliament is so classy and beautiful
on the other hand, a million people are living in dire conditions
Law, martial law, and pressure
A government consisted of very disparate parts becomes like this

anything composed of very disparate parts


روی دادن

head

روی دادن • (ruy dâdan) (present stem روی ده (ruy dah))

ruy dâdan (romanization)
روی ده (present stem)


اتفاق افتادن

اتفاق افتادن

اتفاق افتادن • (ettefâq oftâdan) (present stem اتفاق افت (ettefâq oft))

fa-verb

اتفاق افتادن

ettefâq oftâdan (romanization)
اتفاق افت (present stem)

From اتفاق (ettefâq, “happening”) + افتادن (oftâdan, “to fall”).

af

چه اتفاقی افتاده است؟ (more literary)


رخداد

head

رخداد • (roxdâd) (plural رخدادها (roxdâd-hâ))

[ɹox.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ɾuχ.d̪ɔ́d̪]


سه‌ماهه

سهماهه • (se-mâhe)

fa-noun

سهماهه • (se-mâhe)

سهماهه (canonical)
se-mâhe (romanization)


قالیچه پرنده

head

قالیچه پرنده

fa-noun

قالیچه پرنده

fa:قالیچه پرنده


زمخت

fa-adj

زمخت • (zomoxt) (comparative زمختتَر (zomoxt-tar), superlative زمختتَرین (zomoxt-tarin))

zomoxt (romanization)
زمختتَر (comparative)
زمختتَرین (superlative)

Inherited from Middle Persian *uzmōxt, from Proto-Iranian *uc- (“outward, upward, away”) + the stem known from Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬌 f (framuxti, “unleashing”), Sanskrit मुक्ति f (mukti, “liberation”), मुक्त (mukta, “free”).


نشانگان آسپرگر

head

نشانگان آسپرگر • (nešânegân-e âsperger)

fa-noun

نشانگان آسپرگر • (nešânegân-e âsperger)

[neʃɒːneˌɡɒːne ɒːspeɾˈɡʲeɾ]

fa:نشانگان آسپرگر


راه ابریشم

head

راه ابریشم • (râh-e abrišam)

fa-proper noun

راه ابریشم • (râh-e abrišam)

/ɾɒːhe æbɾiːʃæm/

fa:راه ابریشم


نیست

head

نیست • (nêst)

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭲 / 𐭭𐭩𐭮𐭲 (nēst, “is not”).

inh

نون داریم ولی برنج نیست.

این فیلم خیلی جالب نیست.


بیگ مک

head

بیگ مک • (big mak) (plural بیگ مکها (big mak-hâ))

big mak (romanization)
بیگ مکها (plural)


شهریار

شهریار • (šahryâr) (plural شهریاران (šahryârân) or شهریارها (šahryâr-hâ))

šahryâr (romanization)
شهریاران (plural)
شهریارها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭣𐭠𐭫 (šahryār, “lord, sovereign, ruler”).


شهریار

head

شهریار • (šahryâr)

fa-proper noun

شهریار • (šahryâr)

→ Arabic: شهريار (šahryār)

→ Azerbaijani: Şəhriyar

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहरयार (śaharyār)

Urdu: شہریار (śahryār)

→ Gujarati: શહરયાર (śaharyār)

→ Odia: ଶାହାରିୟର (śāhāriyara)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਿਰਯਾਰ (śahiryār), شہریار (śahryār)

→ English: Shahryar, Shahriar

→ Russian: Шахрияр (Šaxrijar)

a male given name, Shahryar, from Middle Persian

Shahryar, a character in One Thousand and One Nights


ماهرترین

ماهر ماهر#Persian


ماهرتر

ماهر ماهر#Persian


صاعقه

head

صاعقه • (sâ'eqe) (plural صاعقهها (sâ'eqe-hâ))


زرناپا

زرناپا • (zornâpâ) (plural زرناپایان (zornâpâyân) or زرناپاها (zornâpâhâ))

zornâpâ (romanization)
زرناپایان (plural)
زرناپاها (plural)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرناپا (surnapa), زرناپا (zurnapa)

Turkish: zurnapa

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܪܢܦܐ (zarnāp̄ā), ܙܪܐܦܗ, ܙܪܝܦܐ (zārīp̄ā)
→ Arabic: زَرَافَة (zarāfa), زُرَافَة (zurāfa) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զուռնափայ (zuṙnapʻay)

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

[zʊɾ.nɑː.pʰɑ́ː]

From زُرْنَا (zornâ, “flute, zurna”) + پَا (pâ, “leg”). Doublet of زرافه (zarrâfe/zarâfe), a reborrowing from Arabic.