استان

head

اُسْتان • (ostân) (plural استانها (ostân-hâ))

اُسْتان (canonical)
ostân (romanization)
استانها (plural)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾn /ōstān/), a later form of [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾm /ōstām/), [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾm /ōstām/), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫖 (ʾwystʾm /aꞵestām/), from Old Persian *abistavānā-, as witnessed by Elamite [script needed] (ap-pi-iš-da-man-na, “domain, demesne, estate”). Also found borrowed in Old Armenian ոստան (ostan) and exotisms Arabic أُسْتَان (ʔustān) and Classical Syriac ܐܘܣܬܢܐ (ʾustānā).
The word became less common over the course of the Middle Ages, but was resurrected as a purist replacement of the Arabic loan ولایت (velâyat) in the modern period.


میوه اژدها

head

میوه اژدها • (mêve-ye aždahâ)

fa:میوه اژدها


رژیم

رژیم • (režim)

fa-noun

رژیم • (režim)


هتل

head

هُتِل • (hotel) (plural هتلها (hotel-hâ))

هُتِل (canonical)
hotel (romanization)
هتلها (plural)


آواکادو

آواکادو • (âvâkâdo)

fa-noun

آواکادو • (âvâkâdo)

[ʔɒː.vɒː.kʰɒː.d̪ó]


عیسی

head

عیسی • ('isâ)

fa-proper noun

عیسی • ('isâ)

Tajik: Исо (Iso)

→ Chagatai:

Uzbek: Iso

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ईसा (īsā)

Urdu: عِیسیٰ ('īsā)

→ Kazakh: Иса (İsa), Ыйса (Yisa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਈਸਾ (īsā)

Shahmukhi script: عِیسیٰ (ʻīsá)

→ Rohingya: Isá

→ Sylheti: ꠁꠍꠣ (isá)


دیو

dēw／div (romanization)
دیوان (plural)
دیوها (plural)

Dari: دیوْ (dēw)

Iranian Persian: دیوْ (div, “demon”)

→ English: div

Tajik: дев (dev)

→ Bengali: দেও (deō)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देव (dev)

Urdu: دیوْ (dev)

→ Kazakh: дәу (däu)

→ Turkmen: döw

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
Turkish: dev, div
→ Serbo-Croatian: div / див

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *deywós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás
Proto-Iranian *daywáh
Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v)
Persian دیو
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, forces of the Evil One”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (daiva-), from Proto-Iranian *daywáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

inh+

demon, devil, goblin; evil supernatural creature

(Islam) wicked jinn; sometimes contrasted with پری (pari, “fairy, good jinn”).

(Zoroastrianism) daeva, a spirit of evil

تو مر دیو را مردم بد شناس
کسی کو ندارد ز یزدان سپاس
هرانکو گذشت از ره مردمی
ز دیوان شمر مشمر از آدمی

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of the Akwān Dēw”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Consider the demon to be a bad person.
Whoever does not have gratitude towards God
And whoever leaves the proper path of humanity:
Count him as among the demons, do not consider him a human.

tu mar dēw rā mardum-i bad šinās
kasē k-ō na-dārad zi yazdān sipās
har ān k-ō guḏašt az rah-i mardumī
zi dēwān šumar mašumar az ādamī


شلیل

head

شلیل • (šalil)

fa-noun

شلیل • (šalil)


خرمالو

head

خُرْمالو • (xormâlu) (plural خرمالوها (xormâluhâ))

خُرْمالو (canonical)
xormâlu (romanization)
خرمالوها (plural)

→ Arabic: خُرْمَال (ḵurmāl)

From خرما (xormâ, “date”) + آلو (âlu, “plum”).


کارگر

head

کَارْگَر • (kârgar) (plural کارگران (kârgarân) or کارگرها (kârgar-hâ))

کَارْگَر (canonical)
kârgar (romanization)
کارگران (plural)
کارگرها (plural)

→ Georgian: ქარგალი (kargali)

→ Bengali: কারিগর (karigor)

→ Gujarati: કારીગર (kārīgar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कारीगर (kārīgar)

Urdu: کارِیگَر (kārīgar)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: कारीगर (kārīgar)

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒲𑒑𑒩 (kārīgara)

→ Marathi: कारागीर (kārāgīr)

→ Odia: କାରିଗର (kārigara)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كاركر (kârger)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਰੀਗਰ (kārīgar)

Shahmukhi script: کارِیگَر (kārīgar)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪارِيگَرُ

Devanagari script: कारीगरु

[kʰɒːɹ.ɡʲǽɹ]

Middle Persian kʾrgr. By surface analysis, کار (“work”) + ـگَر (“-er”).


گریپ فروت

head

گریپ فروت • (grep frūt)

fa-noun

گریپ فروت • (grep frūt)


شاه‌توت

head

شاهتوت • (šâh-tut) (plural شاهتوتها (šâh-tut-hâ))

شاهتوت (canonical)
šâh-tut (romanization)
شاهتوتها (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਤੂਤ (śatūt)

Shahmukhi script: شتوت (śatūt)

Urdu: شہتوت (śahtūt), شاہ توت (śāh-tūt)

[ʃɑːɦ.t̪ʰúːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.t̪ʰúːt̪]

[ʃɑː.t̪ʰúːt̪]

[ʃɔː.t̪ʰút̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.t̪ʰúːt̪]

[ʃɔɦ.t̪ʰút̪]

From شاه + توت.


را

From Middle Persian lʾd (rāy), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎭 (ra-a-da, rād, “cause, reason, because of, due to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit together”).

inh

دیروز او را دیدم.

باید تو را پیدا کنم.

کتاب را خریدم.

مردی را کشته بود.

گربه رو نوازش کردم. (colloquial Iranian)

پدر و مادرش را بخواند و بنعمت بیکران خشنود گردانیدند و قاضی فتوی داد که خون یکی از رعیت ریختن سلامتِ نفس پادشاه را روا باشد.

1258, Shaykh Muṣliḥ-ud-Dīn Saʿdī of Shiraz, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston, The Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa’di: Bilingual English and Persian Edition with Vocabulary, Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, published 2008, →ISBN, page 33:

The boy’s mother and father were summoned [lit. “He summoned his mother and father”] and appeased with immeasurable wealth, and the judge issued an opinion that it was licit to shed the blood of a subject for the sake of the king’s health.

pidar u mādar-aš rā bixwānd u ba ni'mat-i bē-kirān xušnūd gardānīdand u qāzī fatwā dād ki xūn-i yakē az ra'īyyat rēxtan salāmat-i nafs-i pādšāh rā rawā bāšad.

صوفی بیا که آینه صافیست جام را
تا بنگری صفای می لعلفام را

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 7”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

Mystic, come, for the cup has a bright mirror,
So that you might see the brightness of ruby-hued wine.

sūfī biyā ki āyina-yi sāfi-st jām rā
tā bingarī safā-yi may-i la'l-fām rā

Used to mark certain noun phrases as the direct object. Since it is obligatory for all definite direct objects, it is often called the “definite object marker”, although it can be used for certain indefinite objects as well. See Usage notes.

خدا را شکر.

Thank God. (literally, “Thanks [be] to God.”)

او را گفتم. (normal in Dari, poetic in Iran)

(Dari, Tajik, dated in Iran) to; indicates that the preceding noun phrase is an indirect object.

خدارا!

قضا را

فردا رو (colloquial)

Follows certain nouns being used adverbially, or as an exclamation.

ما را این نیست. (archaic)

هیچ خلق را جان نگرفتمی.

c. 970, Abū Alī Bal'amī, Persian translation of the Tafsīr of Ṭabarī:

I would not have taken the life of anybody.

شنیدم که رستم ز آغاز کار
چنان یافت نیرو ز پروردگار
که گر سنگ را او به سر شدی
همی هر دو پایش بدو در شدی

I have heard that at the beginning, Rustam
Was given such strength from God
That if he were upon the top of a rock
Both his two feet would keep sinking into it.

šunîdam ki rustam dar âğâz-i kâr
čunân yâft nêrô zi parwardigâr
ki gar sang râ ô ba sar šûdê
hamê har du pây-aš bad-ô dar šûdê

عشق را نباید بود.

One must not belong to love/one must not give oneself up to love.

Sufi, come, for the cup has a bright mirror,
So that you might see the brightness of ruby-hued wine.

sûfî biyâ ki âyina-yi sâfi-st jâm râ
tâ bingarî safâ-yi may-i la'l-fâm râ

بودن بودن#Persian

(archaic, Classical Persian) Used as a genitive particle to mark the possessor; in particular, used with the verb بودن (budan, “to be”).

ترا کار کنم.

The boy’s mother and father were summoned and appeased with immeasurable wealth, and the judge issued an opinion that it was licit to shed the blood of a subject for the sake of the king’s health.

pidar u mādar-aš rā bixwānd u ba ni'mat-i bē-kirān xušnūd girdānīdand u qāzī fatwā dād ki xūn-i yakē az ra'īyyat rēxtan salāmat-i nafs-i pādšāh rā rawā bāšad.

(archaic) for the sake of, for; (more loosely) because of

مردمآزاری را حکایت کنند که سنگی بر سر صالحی زد.

1258, Shaykh Muṣliḥ-ud-Dīn Saʿdī of Shiraz, translated by Wheeler M. Thackston, The Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa’di: Bilingual English and Persian Edition with Vocabulary, Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, published 2008, →ISBN, page 32:

They tell the tale of an oppressor who threw a stone at a pious man.

mardum-āzārī rā hikāyat kunand ki sangē bar sar-i sālihē zad.

(archaic) concerning, about, of; used for the object of a report or story.

شیرین و فک میکنم برنده شه. (colloquial Tehrani)

شیشه رو ترک خوردش. (colloquial Tehrani)

(colloquial) Used as a topic marker for a sentence-initial noun phrase, with certain syntactic restrictions.


گسترده

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]

[ɡʊs.t̪ʰäɾ.d̪ä]


اقتصاد

head

اِقتِصاد • (eqtesâd)

fa-noun

اِقتِصاد • (eqtesâd)

اِقتِصاد (canonical)
eqtesâd (romanization)

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

Borrowed from Arabic اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād).


میز

→ Azerbaijani: (South Azerbaijani) miz

→ Armenian: մեզ (mez)

→ Gulf Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Omani Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Maore Comorian: meza

→ Swahili: meza (see there for further descendants)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: میز (miz)

→ Bengali: মেজ (mez)

→ Kermanic: mīz

→ Hindi: मेज़ (mez)

→ Ishkashimi: میز (mēz)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مێز (mêz)

Northern Kurdish: mêz

→ Marathi: मेज (mej̈)

→ Ormuri: میز (mez)

→ Parachi: میز (mēz)

→ Pashto: مېز (mez)

→ Punjabi: ਮੇਜ਼ (mez), ਮੇਜ (mej)

→ Sanglechi: میز (mēz)

→ Shughni: mēz

→ Talysh: миз (miz)

→ Urdu: میز (mez)

→ Wakhi: miz

→ Yidgha: میز (mīz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd /mēzd/, “sacrifice, offering meal; table”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mēzag, “small table”), from Proto-Iranian *m(i)yazda- (“sacrificial food”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *myázdʰas (“sacrificial oblation”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀 (myazda, “sacrifice”), Khotanese [script needed] (mastāña, “fodder”), Sanskrit मियेध (miyédha, “sacrificial oblation, offering of food”); see the Sanskrit term for theories on the root.

cog

میزِ آرایِش


میز

From the verb میزیدن (mizidan), میختن (mixtan) "to urinate". Compare Northern Kurdish mîz (“urine”).


حج

ای قوم به حج رفته کجایید کجایید
معشوق همین جاست بیایید بیایید

O, you people who have performed hajj, where are you? Where are you?
The beloved is right here, come! Come!


دندان‌پزشکی

دندانپزشکی (canonical)
dandân-pezeški (romanization)

fa:دندان‌پزشکی


زردآلو

Tajik: зардолу (zardolu)

→ Azerbaijani: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: зәрдалу, зәрдали

Latin script: zərdalu, zərdali

→ Gujarati: જરદાળુ (jardāḷu)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: ज़र्दालू (zardālū), ज़रदालू (zardālū)

Urdu: زرد آلو (zard ālū)

→ Karakalpak: зәрдәли

→ Kyrgyz: зардолy (zardoly) (Southern dialectal)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زردالو (zerdalu, zerdali)
Turkish: zerdali
→ Armenian: զերտալի (zertali), զերտալու (zertalu), զա̈րդալո̈ւ (zärdalü)
→ Bulgarian: за́рзала (zárzala), зарзали́я (zarzalíja), зе́рдала (zérdala) (dialectal)
→ Cappadocian Greek: ζέρντελι (zérnteli)
→ Crimean Tatar:
Cyrillic script: зердали
Latin script: zerdali
→ Greek: ζέρδελο n (zérdelo), ζερδελί n (zerdelí), ζερδαλί n (zerdalí), ζέρζελο n (zérzelo), ζαρταλούδι n (zartaloúdi) (dialectal)
→ Pontic Greek: ζέρταλο n (zértalo), ζερταλί(ν) n (zertalí(n)), ζερτελί(ν) n (zertelí(n))
→ Romanian: zarzără
→ Russian: жердёла (žerdjóla) (dialectal)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зердѐлица
Latin script: zerdèlica

→ Punjabi: ਜਰਦਾਲੂ (jardālū)

→ Uzbek: зардоли (zardoli)

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zäɾ.d̪ɑː.lúː]

[zæɹ.d̪ɒː.lúː]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zltʾlwk' /zardālūg/), equivalent to زرد (zard, “yellow”) + آلو (âlu, “plum”).


زرشک

→ Arabic: زِرِشْك (zirišk)

→ Azerbaijani: zirişk

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܪܫܩ (zršq), ܣܪܫܩ (sršq)

→ Georgian: ზირიშკი (zirišḳi), ზერეშკი (zerešḳi), ზერეშქი (zereški), ზერენგი (zerengi) (Fereydan)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: զրիշկ (zrišk)
Armenian: զրիշկ (zrišk), զիրիշք (ziriškʻ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زرشك (zirişk)

→ Punjabi: زِرِشْک (ziriśk)

→ Urdu: زِرِشْک (ziriśk)

Related to Northern Kurdish zerêşk, zirêşk, zirîşk, Gilaki [script needed] (zərəšk); Persian زریک (zerik), زرک (zerek), زرنگ (zarang), زراج (zarâj), زراک (zarâk); Yidgha [script needed] (azīto); Khotanese ysālva; all meaning "barberry" and ultimately deriving from the word for "yellow": compare Persian زر (zar, “gold”).

زرشکپلو

زرشکپلو با مرغ


ساحل

head

ساحل • (sâhel) (plural ساحلها (sâhel-hâ) or سواحل (savâhel))

sâhel (romanization)
ساحلها (plural)
سواحل (plural)

ساحل رود ― sâhel-e rud ― riverside

ساحل شرقی

سواحل دریای خزر

شب تاریک و بیم موج و گردابی چنین هایل
کجا دانند حال ما سبکباران ساحلها

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 1”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The dark night, the fear of waves, such a terrifying whirlpool!
How can they know our state, those with light burdens on the shore?

šab-i tārīk u bīm-i mawj u girdābē čunīn hāyil
kujā dānand hāl-i mā sabukbārān-i sāhil-hā


ساحل

ساحل • (sâhel)

fa-proper noun

ساحل • (sâhel)


ازگیل

→ Azerbaijani: əzgil

→ Lak: азгил (azgil)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ازگیل (ezgil)
Turkish: ezgil
→⇒ Arabic: إِسْكِدُنْيَا (ʔiskidunyā), أَسْكِيدُنْيَا (ʔaskīdunyā), إِسْكِيدُنْيَا (ʔiskīdunyā), إِكِّدُنْيَا (ʔikkidunyā), أَكِدُنْيَا (ʔakidunyā), إِيكِّيدُنْيَا (ʔīkkīdunyā), إِكِّيدُنْيَا (ʔikkīdunyā)

[ʔæz.ˈɡiːl̥]

The origin is unknown. Possibly connected with Georgian ასკილი (asḳili, “dog rose”) and Middle Armenian զկեռ (zkeṙ, “medlar”).

unk

unknown


سانسور

head

سانسور • (sânsur)

fa-noun

سانسور • (sânsur)

سانسور فیلم


خرمایی

fa-adj

خرمایی • (xormâyi)


عسل

→ Khalaj: əsəl

→ Urdu: عسل (asal)


حافظه

head

حافظه • (hâfeze)

fa-noun

حافظه • (hâfeze)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हाफ़िज़ा (hāfizā)

Urdu: حَافِظَہ (hāfiza)


نارگیل

head

نارگیل • (nārgēl／nârgil) (plural نارگیلها (nārgēl／nârgil-hâ))

nārgēl／nârgil (romanization)
نارگیلها (plural)
نارگیل (singular)
nârgil (singular)
نارگیلها (plural)
nârgil-hấ (plural)
نارگیلا (colloquial plural)
nârgilấ (plural)
نارگیل را (definite direct-object singular)
nârgil râ (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیل رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nârgilo (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیلها را (definite direct-object plural)
nârgil-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیلا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nârgilấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیل (ezafe singular)
nârgil-e (ezafe singular)
نارگیلهای (ezafe plural)
nârgil-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nârgilấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلی (definite relative singular)
نارگیلی (indefinite singular stressed)
nârgil-i (definite relative singular)
nârgil-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نارگیلهایی (definite plural relative)
نارگیلهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نارگیلایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấi (definite plural relative)
nârgilấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgilam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgil-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهام، نارگیلام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nârgilấm (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgilat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilet (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgil-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهات، نارگیلات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilất (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgilaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgileš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgil-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهاش، نارگیلاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgilấš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgil-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهامون، نارگیلامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgil-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهاتون، نارگیلاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgilấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgil-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهاشون، نارگیلاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلم (first-person predicative singular)
nârgilam (first-person predicative singular)
نارگیلیم (first-person plural predicative)
nârgilim (first-person plural predicative)
نارگیلی (predicative second-person singular)
nârgili (predicative second-person singular)
نارگیلید (plural predicative second-person)
nârgilid (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
nârgilin (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیل است (predicative singular third-person)
nârgil ast (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nârgile (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیلند (plural predicative third-person)
nârgiland (plural predicative third-person)
نارگیلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
nârgilan (plural predicative third-person)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَارْجِيل (nārjīl), نَرْجِيل (narjīl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارجیل (narcil), نارچیل (narçil)

→ Northern Kurdish: nargîl

→ Ottoman Turkish: نارگیل (nargil)

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡeːl]

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡiːl]

[nɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾnʾlgyl /anārgēl/, “coconut”), from Sanskrit नारिकेल (nārikela).

inh

(dated in Dari, normal elsewhere) coconut


سماق

head

سماق • (somâq)

fa-noun

سماق • (somâq)


زر

→ Armenian: զառ (zaṙ), զար (zar)

→ Azerbaijani: zər

→ Bengali: জর (zôr)

→ Georgian: ზარი (zari)

→ Gujarati: જર (jar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़र (zar)

Urdu: زر (zar)

→ Marathi: जर (j̈ar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زر

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰ (zar)

Shahmukhi script: زَر (zar)

From Middle Persian *zarr (“gold”), from Parthian *zarn (“gold”); the inherited form would have started with a D, as is seen in Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y). Ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Indo-Iranian cognates include Northern Kurdish zêrr, and Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya). Other cognates include Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato), Latvian zelts, and English gold and yellow.


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-, *gʰer- (“to encircle; to spin around”).


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”).

همی نوبهار آید و تیر ماه/ جهان گاه برنا شود گاه زر


تخم

→ Azerbaijani: toxum

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخم (tohum), توخوم (tohum)

Turkish: tohum

→ Armenian: թոխում (tʻoxum)

→ Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)

→ Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)

→ Urdu: تخم (tuxm)

→ Uyghur: تۇخۇم (tuxum, “egg”)

→ Uzbek: tuxum (“egg”)

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /tōxm/, “seed, line, race”), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥- (taoxman-, “seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“germ, seed, sprout, offspring”). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.


یشمی

fa-adj

یشمی • (yašmi)


یشم

head

یشم • (yašm)

fa-noun

یشم • (yašm)


اردک

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani ördək, Kyrgyz өрдөк (ördök), Tatar ürdäk, Turkish ördek. Early attestations are from the 1500s.


ارغوانی

fa-adj

ارغوانی • (arğavâni)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔː.ní]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒː.níː]

[ʔæɹ.ɢo.vɒː.níː]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.vɔ.ní]

Cercis siliquastrum
Cercis siliquastrum#Translingual

colour of the blossom of Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree)


دامن

head

دامن • (dâman)

fa-noun

دامن • (dâman)


پرستو

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plstwk' /*paristōg/, “swallow”) (Manichaean Middle Persian prstwg).


پرستو

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰúː]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰú]

a female given name, Parastu, Parastou, or Parastoo, from Middle Persian


دندان

head

دندان • (dandân) (plural دندانها (dandân-hâ))

→ Bengali: দান্দান (dandan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दन्दान (dandān)

Urdu: دندان (dandān)

→ Old Armenian: դանդան (dandan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dntʾn'), 𐫅𐫗𐫅𐫀𐫗 (dndʾn /dandān/), from Old Persian *dantā, from Proto-Iranian *Hdántā (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hdántā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dént-ō ~ *h₃dn̥t-nés, from *h₃dent- (“tooth”) + *-ō.

inh

Croton tiglium
Croton tiglium#Translingual


نو

fa-adj

نو • (now) (comparative نوتَر (now-tar), superlative نوتَرین (now-tarin))

نوتَر (comparative)
نوتَرین (superlative)

Ottoman Turkish: نو (nev)

From Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nōg), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎺 (n-v /nava/), from Proto-Iranian *náwah (compare Northern Kurdish nû, Pashto نوی (nëway), Ossetian ног (nog), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Sanskrit नव (náva), Hindi नया (nayā)) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néwos (compare Greek νέος (néos), Russian но́вый (nóvyj), Italian nuovo and English new).


شاعر

head

شاعر • (šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šâ'erân) or شاعرها (šâ'er-hâ) or شعرا (šo'arâ))

šâ'er (romanization)
شاعران (plural)
شاعرها (plural)
شعرا (plural)

→ Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)

→ Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

→ Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

→ Nepali: सायर (sāyar)

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

→ Rohingya: cáaer

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: شاعِرُ

Devanagari script: शाइरु

Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)


تار

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾr /tār/, “darkness”), from Proto-Iranian *támHsram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHsram, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Cognate to Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra), Pashto تور (tor, “black”), Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra), Latin tenebrae.

inh

هوای تار


تار

→ English: tar

→ Hindi: तार (tār)

→ Armenian: թառ (tʻaṙ)

→ Uyghur: تار (tar)

From Proto-Iranian *tánθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”); see there for further information. Cognate to tantra.

der

Coordinate term: پود (pud)

tar (a classical musical instrument of Persia)


نوروز

nawrōz／nowruz (romanization)
نوروز (singular)
nowruz (singular)
نوروزها (plural)
nowruz-hấ (plural)
نوروزا (colloquial plural)
nowruzấ (plural)
نوروز را (definite direct-object singular)
nowruz râ (definite direct-object singular)
نوروز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nowruzo (definite direct-object singular)
نوروزها را (definite direct-object plural)
nowruz-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نوروزا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nowruzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نوروز (ezafe singular)
nowruz-e (ezafe singular)
نوروزهای (ezafe plural)
nowruz-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nowruzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزی (definite relative singular)
نوروزی (indefinite singular stressed)
nowruz-i (definite relative singular)
nowruz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نوروزهایی (definite plural relative)
نوروزهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نوروزایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấi (definite plural relative)
nowruzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruzam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهام، نوروزام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nowruzấm (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzet (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهات، نوروزات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzất (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzeš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهاش، نوروزاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzấš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهامون، نوروزامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهاتون، نوروزاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešun (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهاشون، نوروزاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzấšun (plural possessive third-person)

desc

→ Arabic: نَوْرُوز (nawrūz), نَيْرُوز (nayrūz)

→ Azerbaijani: Novruz

→ Bashkir: Науруз (Nawruz)

→ Bengali: নওরোজ (nôoroz), নওরোজা (nôoroza)

→ Gujarati: નવરોજ (navroj)

→ Kazakh: Наурыз (Nauryz)

→ Northern Kurdish: newroz

→ Kyrgyz: Нооруз (Nooruz)

→ Russian: Навруз (Navruz)

→ Turkish: Nevruz

→ Turkmen: Nowruz

→ Uzbek: Navroʻz

→ Uyghur: نورۇز (noruz)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *new-
Proto-Indo-European *néwos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas
Proto-Iranian *náwah
Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nʿky)
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
Proto-Iranian *ráwčah
Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm)
Middle Persian nwklwc
Persian نوروز
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwklwc /nōg-rōz/, “New Year's day”) (Pazend 𐬥𐬋𐬭𐬋𐬰 (nōrōz)), from 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nwky /nōg/, “new”) + 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM /rōz/, “day”). By surface analysis, نو (naw／now, “new”) + روز (rōz／ruz, “day”).

surf

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh, "پادشاهی بهرام گور"
چو شد ساخته کار آتشکده
همان جای نوروز و جشن سده
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
خود و نامداران و آزادگان
ču šud sâxta kâr-i âtaškada
hamân jây-i nawrôz u jašn-i sada
biyâmad sôy-i âzarâbâdagân
xwad u nâmdârân u âzâdagân

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

بر چهرهٔ گل نسیم نوروز خوش است
در صحن چمن روی دلافروز خوش است
از دی که گذشت هر چه گویی خوش نیست
خوش باش و ز دی مگو که امروز خوش است
bar čihra-i gul nasîm-i nawrôz xwaš ast
dar sahn-i čaman rôy-i dil-afrôz xwaš ast
az dî ki guzašt har či gôyî xwaš nêst

1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubaiyat, ruba'i #19

xwaš bâš u zi dî ma-gô ki imrôz xvaš ast

نظر به روی تو هر بامداد نوروزیست
شب فراق تو هر شب که هست یلداییست
nazar ba rôy-i tu har bâmdâd nawrôzêst

1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan, ghazal #112

šab-i firâq-i tu har šab ki hast yaldâêst

مستی و عاشقی و جوانی و یار ما
نوروز و نوبهار و حمل میزند صلا
هرگز ندیده چشم جهان این چنین بهار
میروید از زمین و ز کهسار کیمیا
mastî u âšiqî u javânî u yâr-i mâ
nawrôz u nawbahâr u hamal mê-zanad salâ
hargiz nadîda čašm-i jahân în čunîn bahâr

1207-1273, Rumi, Divan-e Shams, tarji' #7

Nowruz, New Year in the Iranian and Zoroastrian calendar, celebrated on the spring equinox.


کلاغ

head

کلاغ • (kalâğ) (plural کلاغها (kalâğ-hâ))

[kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːɢ̥]

From a Proto-Iranian root not attested in Middle Persian. Cognate with Mazanderani کلاج (kalāǰ), Gilaki کلاچ (kəlāč), Northern Luri غلا (qelā), Ossetian халон (xalon). Probably ultimately onomatopoeic, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“crow”); compare Latin corvus, Ancient Greek κόρᾰξ (kórax), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz.

آن کلاغی که پرید
از فراز سر ما
و فرو رفت در اندیشهٔ آشفتهٔ ابری ولگرد

1963, Forugh Farrokhzad, “فتح باغ”, in تولدی دیگر [Another Birth]:

that crow which flew
above our heads
and went down into the scattered thoughts of a vagabond cloud

ân kolâği ke parid
az farâz-e sar-e mâ
va foru raft dar andiše-ye âšofte-ye abri velgard


انگور

→ Assamese: আঙুৰ (aṅur)

→ Bengali: আঙুর (aṅur)

→ Baluchi: انگور (angúr)

→ Ancient Greek: άγγουρα (ángoura)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अंगूर (aṅgūr)

→ Urdu: انگور (aṅgūr)

→ Rohingya: añggur

→ Khalaj: angûr

→ Thai: องุ่น (à-ngùn)

→ Malay: anggur

→ Indonesian: anggur

→ Odia: ଅଙ୍ଗୁର (aṅgura)

→ Ottoman Turkish: انگور (engur)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਗੂਰ (aṅgūr)

→ Shahmukhi script: انگور (aṅgūr)

→ Northern Luri: ںݩڳێر (ənğır)

From Middle Persian ʾngwl (angūr, “grape”), from Proto-Iranian *angaura- (“vine, grape”), probably a derivative of Proto-Iranian *Hangas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“to curve, bend”), referring to the curving nature of grapevines.

der

آب در غوره ترش باشد و لیک / چون به انگوری رسد شیرین و نیک

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2601:

In the unripe grape the juice is sour, but it is sweet and good when it becomes a (ripe) grape.

âb dar ğura turš bâšad wa lek / čon ba angûr-i rasad šîrîn u nek


بادام

head

بَادَامْ • (bâdâm) (plural بادامها (bâdâm-hâ))

بَادَامْ (canonical)
bâdâm (romanization)
بادامها (plural)

→ Armenian: բադամ (badam)

→ Assamese: বাদাম (badam)

→ Azerbaijani: badam

→ Bengali: বাদাম (badam)

→ Burmese: ဗာဒံ (badam)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: بادام (badam)

Uzbek: bodom

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 巴旦 (bādàn)

Dungan: бадан (badan)

→ Cantonese: 巴旦 (baa¹ daan³)

→ Central Kurdish: بادەم (badem)

→ Gujarati: બદામ (badām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बादाम (bādām)

Urdu: بادام (bādām)

desc

→ Kashmiri: بادام (bādām), بادَم (bādam)

→ Kazakh: бадам (badam)

→ Khalaj: bâdâm

→ Kyrgyz: бадам (badam)

→ Marathi: बदाम (badām)

→ Malay: badam
Indonesian: badam

→ Odia: ବାଦାମ (bādāma)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بادم (badem), بادام (badam), بایام (bayam)
Turkish: badem
→ Albanian: bajame
→ Adyghe: бадэ (badɛ)
→ Bulgarian: баде́м (badém)
→ Crimean Tatar: badem
→ Macedonian: бадем (badem)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бадем, ба̀јам, бајем (regional)
Latin script: badem, bàjam, bajem (regional)

→ Punjabi: badām

→ Gurmukhi script: ਬਦਾਮ

→ Shahmukhi script: بدام, بادام (bādām)

→ Rohingya: badam

→ Sindhi: بادام (bādāmu)

desc

→ Sanskrit: वाताद (vātāda), वाताम (vātāma)

→ Hindi: वाताद (vātād)

→ Tatar: бәдәм (bädäm)

→ Tibetan: བ་དམ (ba dam), འབའ་དམ ('ba' dam)

→ Turkmen: badam

→ Telugu: బాదం (bādaṁ)

→ Malayalam: ബദാം (badāṁ)

→ Tamil: பாதாம் (pātām), பாதம் (pātam)

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɑː.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[bɔː.d̪ɔ́ːm]

[bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːm]

[bɒː.d̪ɒ́ːm]

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭠𐭣𐭠𐭬 (wʾtʾm /wādām/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *vātādám. Cognate with Northern Kurdish bahîv, Zazaki vame and Baluchi گواتام (gwátám, “almond”).


هوا

head

هَوا • (havâ)

fa-noun

هَوا • (havâ)

→ Bengali: হাওয়া (haōẇa)

desctree

→ Georgian: ჰავა (hava)
→ Bats: ჰავ (hav)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਵਾ (havā)

Shahmukhi script: هوا (havā)

Borrowed from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ, “air”).

bor+

هین مکش بهر هوا آن بار علم
تا ببینی در درون انبار علم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3451:

Beware! Do not carry that burden of knowledge for the sake of selfish desire,
so that you may behold the barn of knowledge within (you)

hīn makaš bahr-i hawā ān bār-i ilm
tā bibīnī dar darūn anbār-i ilm


سر

سَر (canonical)
sar (romanization)
سرها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /sar/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for further information.

سرم درد میکنه.

تو رفتی ولی فکر تو، تو سر من موند
همیشه نبودت من و قلبمو ترسوند

2023, “پاقدم”, performed by علیرضا طلیسچی:

you left but the thought of you remained in my head / your absence always scared me and my heart

to rafti vali fekr-e to tu sar-e man mund
hamiše nabudet man o qalbamo tarsund

head; (figurative) the head, as the seat of the intellect

بر سر درخت
bar sar-e deraxt
on the treetop

سر دیگ شیشهای

باد سر پاییز

سرانگشت ― sarangošt ― fingertip

سر تا سر

جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
سر گرچه دو کردهایم یک تن داریم

11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr:

My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm

این غربزدگی دو سر دارد. یکی غرب و دیگر ما که غربزدهایم. ما یعنی گوشهای از شرق. به جای این دو سر، بگذاریم دو قطب. یا دو نهایت.

1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غربزدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:

This Westoxification has two endpoints. One is the West, and the other is we who are Westoxified. We, as in a corner of the East. Instead of these two endpoints, let us say two poles. Or two extremes.

in ğarb-zadegi do sar dârad. yeki ğarb va digar mâ ke ğarb-zade-im. mâ ya'ni guše'i az šarq. be jâ-ye in do sar, begozârim do qotb. yâ do nehâyat.

tip, extremity, endpoint; often without the ezâfe.

آمریکا با ایران سر جنگ دارد.

به سر آوردن

[…]و جیغ و داد و فریادی بلند و قشقرهای برپا گردید که آن سرش پیدا نبود.

1921, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, فارسی شکر است:

[…] and screams, shouts, loud cries, and general pandemonium was set up to which no end could be found.

[…] va jiğ o dâd o faryâdi boland va qešqere'i barpâ gardid ke ân sar-aš peydâ na-bud.


سر

سَر (canonical)
sar (romanization)
سران (plural)


سر

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: सर (sar)

→ Urdu: سر (sar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سر (ser)
> Turkish: ser (inherited)
→ Arabic: سَر (sar)

→? Pashto: سر (sar)

«کلید من از کجاست» «آن سر میز است» (Dari, formal)
“kilīd-i man az kujā-st” “ān sar-i mēz ast”

«کلی مه از کجایه؟» «او سر میزه» (Dari, informal)

"where are my keys?" "they are on the table"

“kilī-yi ma az kuja-ya?” “ū sar-i mēz-a”


سر

سِرّ (canonical)
serr (romanization)
اسرار (plural)
سر (singular)
serr (singular)
سرها (plural)
serr-hấ (plural)
سرا (colloquial plural)
serrấ (plural)
سر را (definite direct-object singular)
serr râ (definite direct-object singular)
سر رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
serro (definite direct-object singular)
سرها را (definite direct-object plural)
serr-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سرا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
serrấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سر (ezafe singular)
serr-e (ezafe singular)
سرهای (ezafe plural)
serr-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سرای (colloquial ezafe plural)
serrấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سری (definite relative singular)
سری (indefinite singular stressed)
serr-i (definite relative singular)
serr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سرهایی (definite plural relative)
سرهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سرایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سرایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
serrấi (definite plural relative)
serrấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سرم (first-person possessive singular)
serram (first-person possessive singular)
سرهایم (first-person possessive singular)
serr-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سرهام، سرام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
serrấm (first-person possessive singular)
سرت (possessive second-person singular)
serrat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
serret (possessive second-person singular)
سرهایت (possessive second-person singular)
serr-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سرهات، سرات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
serrất (possessive second-person singular)
سرش (possessive singular third-person)
serraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
serreš (possessive singular third-person)
سرهایش (possessive singular third-person)
serr-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سرهاش، سراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
serrấš (possessive singular third-person)
سرمان (first-person plural possessive)
serremân (first-person plural possessive)
سرمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
serremun (first-person plural possessive)
سرهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
serr-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سرهامون، سرامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
serrấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سرتان (plural possessive second-person)
serretân (plural possessive second-person)
سرتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
serretun (plural possessive second-person)
سرهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
serr-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سرهاتون، سراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
serrấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سرشان (plural possessive third-person)
serrešân (plural possessive third-person)
سرشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
serrešun (plural possessive third-person)
سرهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
serr-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سرهاشون، سراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
serrấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic سِرّ (sirr, “secret”).


سر

A transliteration of the English title Sir.

سر تیم برنرز لی ― ser tim bernerz li ― Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Sir (the titular prefix given to a knight or baronet)


خرما

head

خرما • (xormâ or xurmâ) (plural خرماها (xormâ-hâ))

xormâ (romanization)
xurmâ (romanization)
خرماها (plural)

Tajik: хурмо (xurmo)

→ Uzbek: xurmo

→ Bengali: খোরমা (khorma)

→ Chagatai: خرما (hurma)

Uyghur: خورما (xorma)

→ Georgian: ხურმა (xurma)

→ Gujarati: ખુરમો (khurmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुरमा (xurmā)

Urdu: خرما (xurmā)

→ Kazakh: құрма (qūrma)

→ Kipchak: قرما (kurma)

→ Central Kurdish: خورما (xurma)

→ Hulaulá: xurma

→ Northern Kurdish: xurme

→ Lishana Deni: כורמא (xurma)

→ Kyrgyz: курма (kurma)

→ Malay: kurma

Indonesian: kurma

→ Middle Armenian: խուրմայ (xurmay)

Armenian: խուրմա (xurma)

→ Punjabi: ਖੁਰਮਾ (khurmā)

→ Turkmen: hurma

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: خرما (hurma) (11th–15th c.)

Azerbaijani: xurma

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: خرما (hurma)
Turkish: hurma
→ Adyghe: хъурмэ (χʷurmɛ)
→ Albanian: hurmë
→ Belarusian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Bulgarian: фурма́ (furmá, “persimmon”)
→ Crimean Tatar: hurma
→ Estonian: hurmaa
→ Greek: χουρμάς (chourmás)
→ Romanian: curmală
→ Ido: hurmo
→ Latvian: hurma
→ Macedonian: урма (urma)
→ Polish: hurma
→ Russian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: хурма, у̀рма
Latin script: hurma, ùrma
→ Tatar: хөрмә (xörmä, “persimmon”)
→ Ukrainian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk' /xormā/, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw. The logogram is from Aramaic 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 pl (tmryn, “dates”).
Compare Parthian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk /xurmāg/) and [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ /*amrāw/), both forms appeared in Draxt ī Āsūrīg. The former is from Middle Persian. For reading of the latter, compare Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (ʾmrʾw /amrāw/) and Old Armenian արմաւ (armaw) (see Korn).
Akin to Kumzari أرما (“date (fruit)”), Baluchi هرماگ (hurmág, “date; fully ripe date fruit”). Compare also Sanskrit खर्जु (kharju) (wild date tree).

cog

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بکن کار و کرده بیزدان سپار
بخرما چه یازی چو ترسی ز خار
bokon kâr u karda ba-yazdân sepâr
ba-xormâ če yâzi ču tarsi ze xâr


سیاستمدار

head

سیاستمدار • (siyâsatmadâr) (plural سیاستمداران (siyâsatmadârân))

siyâsatmadâr (romanization)
سیاستمداران (plural)

fa:سیاستمدار


انجیر

→ Azerbaijani: əncir, incir

→ Chechen: инжир (inžir)

→ Sanskrit: अञ्जीर (añjīra)

→ Gujarati: અંજીર (añjīr)

→ Hindi: अंजीर (añjīr)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: انجیر (encir, incir)
Turkish: incir

→ Russian: инжир (inžir)

→ Urdu: انجیر (añjīr)

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔän.d͡ʒíːɾ]

[ʔæn.d͡ʒíːɹ]

From Middle Persian ʾncyl (anjīr, “fig”). Cognates found in Sogdian ʾncyr (anjēr) and Northern Kurdish hejîr. From the same Middle Iranian source, this word has been borrowed into Turkish incir, Russian инжир (inžir) and Sanskrit अञ्जीर (añjīra).


هنرمند

From هْنَر (honar, “art”) + ـمَند (-mand, “with”).


ارغوان

arğavân (romanization)
arğovân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: ərqəvan

→ Georgian: არღავანი (arɣavani)

→ Gujarati: અરગવાની (aragvānī)

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: अर्ग़वान (arġavān)

desc

→ Urdu: ارغوان

→ Urdu: ارغوان

→ Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: erxewan (“purple; Judas tree”)

→ Central Kurdish: ئەرخەوان (erxewan, “purple; Judas tree”)

→ Middle Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani, “lilac”)

Armenian: եղրեւանի (eġrewani)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ارغوان (ergavân, erguvân)

Turkish: erguvan

→ Albanian: jargavan

→ Hungarian: orgovány

→ Romanian: iergovan, iorgovan

→ Serbo-Croatian: jȍrgovān / јо̏ргова̄н (“lilac”)

→ Slovak: orgován (“lilac”)

→ Pashto: ارغوان (arğawān, “red-purple; a plant”)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔːn]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.vɔn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlgwkʾn' /argawān/, “purple”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (argawannu, “red purple”), probably via Aramaic, cf. Classical Syriac ܐܪܓܘܢܐ (ʾargəwānā). A Wanderwort in the Middle East: Biblical Hebrew אַרְגְּוָן (ʾargɔmɔn, “purple”), Arabic أَرْجُوَان (ʔarjuwān, “purple; redbud; amethyst”).

cog

مینماید عکسِ مِی، در رنگِ رویِ مه وشت
همچو برگِ ارغوان بر صفحهٔ نسرین، غریب

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 14”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The wine's reflection shows in the color of your moon-like face
Like a Judas tree petal on the face of a wild rose: how strange!

mê-namâyad aks-i may, dar rang-e rôy-i mah waš-at
hamčô barg-i arğawân bar safha-yi nasrîn, ğarîb

Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) or its flower


ارغوان

head

ارغوان • (arğavân)

fa-proper noun

ارغوان • (arğavân)

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣʊ.wɑːn]

[ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔːn]

[ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒːn]

[ʔäɾ.ʁä.vɔn]

a female given name, Arghavan or Arghawan, from Middle Persian


نویسنده

head

نویسنده • (nevisande) (plural نویسندگان (nevisandegân))

nevisande (romanization)
نویسندگان (plural)

→ Urdu: نویسندہ (navīsinda)


کشاورز

کشاورز • (kešâvarz) (plural کشاورزان (kešâvarzân) or کشاورزها (kešâvarz-hâ))

kešâvarz (romanization)
کشاورزان (plural)
کشاورزها (plural)

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]


مکانیک

مکانیک • (mekânik)

fa-noun

مکانیک • (mekânik)

(countable) mechanic (a skilled worker in charge of maintenance or repairing machinery)

(uncountable) (physics, mechanics) mechanics, a branch of physics


چکاوک

head

چکاوک • (čakâvak) (plural چکاوکها (čakâvak-hâ) or چکاوکان (čakâvakân))

čakâvak (romanization)
چکاوکها (plural)
چکاوکان (plural)

Compound of چکاو (čakâv) (from Middle Persian) and ـک (-ak).


چکاوک

چکاوک • (čakâvak)

fa-proper noun

چکاوک • (čakâvak)


بوف

head

بوف • (buf) (plural بوفها (buf-hâ) or بوفان (bufân))

buf (romanization)
بوفها (plural)
بوفان (plural)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭯 (būf).


پستان بند

پستانبند پستانبند#Persian


سینه بند

سینهبند سینهبند#Persian


ماشین

ماشین • (mâšin) (plural ماشینها (mâšin-hâ))

→ Central Kurdish: ماشێن (maşên)

→ Turkmen: maşyn


بوقلمون

بوقلمون • (buqalamun) (plural بوقلمونها (buqalamun-hâ))

buqalamun (romanization)
بوقلمونها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: buqələmun (“chameleon”)

→ Turkish: bukalemun (“chameleon”)

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُوقَلَمُون (ʔabūqalamūn), from Ancient Greek ὑποκάλαμον (hupokálamon), originally a Byzantine term used to refer to a precious multi-coloured textile, later used to refer to the bird due to its ability to change the colours of its feathers .

bor+

أَبُوقَلَمُون

(derogatory) chameleon, opportunist, flip-flopper (US)


بوقلمون

أَبُوقَلَمُون


وکیل

head

وکیل • (vakil) (plural وکلا (vokalâ) or وکیلها (vakil-hâ) or وکیلان (vakilân))

vakil (romanization)
وکلا (plural)
وکیلها (plural)
وکیلان (plural)

→ Assamese: উকিল (ukil)

→ Bengali: উকিল (ukil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वकील (vakīl)

Urdu: وکیل (vakīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕੀਲ (vakīl)

Shahmukhi script: وکیل (vakil)

→ Sindhi: وڪيل (vakīlu)

→ Tamil: வக்கீல் (vakkīl)

→ Malayalam: വക്കീൽ (vakkīl)


جغد

Derived from Sogdian [script needed] (cγwty /čaγut/, “owl”).


پرستار

head

پرستار • (parastâr) (plural پرستاران (parastârân) or پرستارها (parastâr-hâ))

parastâr (romanization)
پرستاران (plural)
پرستارها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pərəstar

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: پرستار (parastār)

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫 (plstʾl /paristār/, “maidservant, slave”), equivalent to پرستـ (parast-, present stem of پرستیدن (parastidan, “to worship”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پرستیدن</i> (parastidan, “to worship”)

که دانا پرستار نادان شود[…]

when the wise will become slaves to the ignorant […]


قو

qu (romanization)
قوها (plural)
قو (singular)
qú (singular)
قوها (plural)
qu-hấ (plural)
قوا (colloquial plural)
quấ (plural)
قو را (definite direct-object singular)
qú râ (definite direct-object singular)
قو رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
qú ro (definite direct-object singular)
قوها را (definite direct-object plural)
qu-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
قوا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
quấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
قوی (ezafe singular)
qú-ye (ezafe singular)
قوهای (ezafe plural)
qu-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قوای (colloquial ezafe plural)
quấ-ye (ezafe plural)
قویی (definite relative singular)
قویی (indefinite singular stressed)
qúi (definite relative singular)
qúi (indefinite singular stressed)
قوهایی (definite plural relative)
قوهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
qu-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
qu-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
قوایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
قوایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
quấ-i (definite plural relative)
quấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)

A Turkic borrowing: compare Azerbaijani qu (“swan”).

قو پرندهٔ قشنگیه.


فرش

head

فرش • (farš)

fa-noun

فرش • (farš)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: فَرْش (farś)

Hindi: फ़र्श (farś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਸ਼ (faraś)

Shahmukhi script: فَرْش (farś)

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْش (farš, “carpet, rug”).


سینه

sine (romanization)
سینهها (plural)
سینه (singular)
siné (singular)
سینهها (plural)
sine-hấ (plural)
سینها (colloquial plural)
sineấ (plural)
سینه را (definite direct-object singular)
siné râ (definite direct-object singular)
سینه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
siná ro (definite direct-object singular)
سینهها را (definite direct-object plural)
sine-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سینها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sineấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سینهٔ (ezafe singular)
siné-ye (ezafe singular)
سینههای (ezafe plural)
sine-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سینهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sineấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سینهای (definite relative singular)
سینهای (indefinite singular stressed)
siné-i (definite relative singular)
siné-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سینههایی (definite plural relative)
سینههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
sine-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
sine-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
سینهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سینهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sineấ-yi (definite plural relative)
sineấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ Turkish: sine

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सीना (sīnā)

Urdu: سینہ (sīnā)

→ Bengali: সিনা (śina)

Ultimately derived from Proto-Iranian *cráwniš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćráwniš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlównis.


آشپز

head

آشپز • (âšpaz)

fa-noun

آشپز • (âšpaz)

desc

→ Armenian: աշփազ (ašpʻaz), աշպազ (ašpaz), ասպաժ (aspaž), աշբազ (ašbaz)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpaz

→ Baluchi: آشپز (ášpaz)

→ Khalaj: âşpəz

→ Kumyk: ашбаз (aşbaz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آشپز (aşpez)

→ Uyghur: ئاشپەز (ashpez)

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
From آش (âš) + پز (paz), literally “soup-cook”.


حق

head

حَقّ • (haqq) (plural حُقوق (hoquq) or حقها (haqq-hâ))

حَقّ (canonical)
haqq (romanization)
حُقوق (plural)
حقها (plural)

→ Assamese: সক (xok)

→ Bengali: হক (hok)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްގު (haggu)

→ Gujarati: હક (hak)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हक़ (haq)

desctree

Urdu: حق (haq)
→ Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
→ Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

→ Marathi: हक्क (hakka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਕ (hakka)

Shahmukhi script: حَق (ḥaq)

→ Rohingya:

Latin script: hók

Arabic script: حࣤ࣪قۡ

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 (hók)


نقره‌ای

نقرهای (canonical)
noqre-i (romanization)


بلوز

head

بلوز • (boluz or bluz) (plural بلوزها (boluz-hâ))

boluz (romanization)
bluz (romanization)
بلوزها (plural)


دستکش

دستکش • (dastkeš) (plural دستکشها (dastkeš-hâ))

From دست (dast) + کش (keš) from کشیدن (kešidan, to pull). Replaced the older term دستموزه (dast-muze).


تخت طاووس

[t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰɪ t̪ʰɑː.wuːs]

[t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰɪ t̪ʰɑː.wuːs]

[t̪ʰäx.t̪ʰɪ t̪ʰɑː.wuːs]

From تخت (taxt, “throne, bed, couch”) + طاووس (tâvus, “peacock”)


فقط

→ Azerbaijani: fəqət

→ Gujarati: ફક્ત (phakt)

→ Khalaj: fəqət

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़क़त (faqat)

Urdu: فَقَط (faqat)

→ Marathi: फक्त (phakta)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਕਤ (fakat)

Shahmukhi script: فَقَط (faqat̤)

→ Pashto: فقط (faqát)

→ Sindhi:

Devanagari script: फ़क़ति

Arabic script: فَقَطِ

→ Talysh: فقط (faqat)

→ Uzbek: faqat


نقره

Borrowed from Arabic نُقْرَة (nuqra).
From Sogdian [script needed] (n'krtk-w /nākarta/).

der

زر و نقره گر نبودندی نهان / پرورش کی یافتندی زیر کان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 178:

If gold and silver were not hidden, how would they get nourishment [grow and ripen] in the mine?

zar o noqre gar na-budandi nehân / parvareš key yâftandi zir-e kân


سرمه‌ای

سرمهای (canonical)
sorme-'i (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: sürməyi

[sʊɾ.mä.ʔíː]

[sʊɾ.mä.ʔíː]


در

Appears in the 1100s, a contraction of earlier Classical Persian اندر (andar), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /andar/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).

der

در خانه

در کیف

در روز یکشنبه

در سال ۲۰۲۴

درصد

دو متر در دو متر


در

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar^əm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindi बार (bār) / Urdu بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).

inherited

در باز شد.

در تابه


در

دریدن دریدن#Persian


در

حالا کم کم میبینُم کار دِرَه بالا میگیرِه.
hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.

دیشتن دیشتن#Persian

(dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن


مامان

head

مامان • (mâmân)

fa-noun

مامان • (mâmân)


خروس

xorus (romanization)
xorôs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: xoruz

desctree

→ Chagatai: خوراز (ḫoraz), خروس (horus)
Uyghur: خوراز (xoraz), غوراز (ghoraz)
Uzbek: xoʻroz

→ Gagauz: хороз

→ Gujarati: ખુરૂસ (khurūs)

→ Khalaj: xurôs

→ Kipchak:

→ Kipchak–Cuman:

desc

Armeno-Kipchak: խորոզ (χoroz), խորուզ (χoruz), խորսուղ (χorsuγ)

Crimean Tatar: qoraz, horaz

Cuman: ghorox

Karachay-Balkar: къораз (qoraz), хораз (xoraz)

Karaim: хороз

Krymchak: хороз

Kumyk: хораз (xoraz)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (ḫoroz)

→ Kipchak–Nogai:

Kazakh: қораз (qoraz)

Nogai: кораз (koraz)

→ Kyrgyz–Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: короз (koroz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خروس (ḫoroz), خوروس (ḫoroz)

> Turkish: horoz, (dialectal) ḫoroz (inherited)

→ Turkmen: horaz

→ Urdu: خروس (xurūs)

→ Urum: хороз

→ Urum: хороз

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hlws /xrōs/, “cock”, literally “the caller”), from [script needed] (hlwstn' /xrōstan/, “to call, to cry”).


تاجیکستان

head

تاجیکِسْتان • (tâjikestân)

fa-proper noun

تاجیکِسْتان • (tâjikestân)

تاجیکِسْتان (canonical)
tâjikestân (romanization)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒeː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒeː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From تاجیک (tâjik, “Tajik”) + ـستان (estân).

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia; capital: Dushanbe)


القاعده

[ʔäl.qɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ä]

[ʔäl.qɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ä]

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَاعِدَة (al-qāʕida).


دولت

head

دُوْلَت • (dowlat) (plural دولتها (dowlat-hâ) or دول (doval))

دُوْلَت (canonical)
dowlat (romanization)
دولتها (plural)
دول (plural)

→ Assamese: দৌলত (doulot)

→ Azerbaijani: dövlət

→ Bengali: দৌলত (dōulot)

→ Georgian: დოვლათი (dovlati)

→ Gujarati: દોલત (dolat)

desc

Gujarati: دولت (daulat) — Lisan ud-Dawat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दौलत (daulat)

Urdu: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Kannada: ದೌಲತ್ತು (daulattu)

→ Kazakh: дәулет (däulet)

→ Kyrgyz: дөөлөт (döölöt)

→ Maithili: daulti

Devanagari script: दौलति

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒾𑒪𑒞𑒱

→ Malayalam: ദൌലത്ത് (daulattŭ)

→ Marathi: दौलत (daulat)

→ Marwari: दौलत (daulat)

→ Nepali: दौलत (daulat)

→ Odia: ଦୌଲତ (daulata)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੌਲਤ (daulat)

Shahmukhi script: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دَوْلَتَ

Devanagari script: दौलत

→ Tamil: தௌலத்து (taulattu), தௌலத் (taulat)

→ Tatar: дәүләт (däwlät)

→ Telugu: దౌలత్తు (daulattu)

→ Turkmen: döwlet

→ Uzbek: davlat

Borrowed from Arabic دَوْلَة (dawla).
In medieval sources, it most commonly means "fortune" or "stroke of good fortune," especially associated with the ruling monarch. The word now means "state; government" due to metonymy: "the royal fortune" > "the king's dominion" > "the government of the king". Up to the nineteenth century, the ruling state was most often called دولت عالیه (dowlat-e âliyye, literally “the sublime fortune [of the king]”).

کارمند دولت

مجلس شورای اسلامی در ایران وظیفه قانون گذاری و نظارت بر دولت را دارد.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran has the duties of lawmaking and supervision of the government.

majles-e šowrâ-ye eslâmi dar irân vazife-ye qânun-gozâri va nazârat bar dowlat râ dârad.

گفتم او را چه خواهم از ایزد
گفت عمر دراز و دولت شاب

early 1000s, ʿUnṣurī, “Panegyric 3”, in دیوان عنصری:

I said to him, "What do you desire from God?"
He said, "A long life and the fortune of a youth!"

guftam ō rā či xwāham az ēzad
guft umr-i darāz u dawlat-i šāb

دانی که چیست دولت؟ دیدار یار دیدن
در کوی او گدایی بر خسروی گزیدن

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 392”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Do you know what fortune is? To see the beloved's face,
To prefer a beggar in her street to a king of kings.

dānī ki čē-st dawlat? dīdār-i yār dīdan
dar kōy-i ō gadāyē bar xusrawē guzīdan

(dated, literary) wealth, (monetary) fortune, prosperity


دیر

fa-adj

دیر • (dir) (comparative دیرتَر (dir-tar), superlative دیرتَرین (dir-tarin))

dir (romanization)
دیرتَر (comparative)
دیرتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian 𐫅𐫃𐫡 (dgr /daǧr/), 𐫅𐫏𐫡 (dyr /dēr/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/, “long”), from Proto-Iranian *dr̥Hgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.


دیر

→ Assamese: দেৰি (deri)

→ Bengali: দেরি (deri)

→ Hindi: देर (der)

→ Urdu: دیر (der)


دیر

head

دیر • (deyr) (plural ادیار (adyâr) or دیرها (deyr-hâ))

deyr (romanization)
ادیار (plural)
دیرها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic دَيْر (dayr); see there for further information.


خرس

xers (romanization)
خرسها (plural)
خرس (singular)
xers (singular)
خرسها (plural)
xers-hấ (plural)
خرسا (colloquial plural)
xersấ (plural)
خرس را (definite direct-object singular)
xers râ (definite direct-object singular)
خرس رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xerso (definite direct-object singular)
خرسها را (definite direct-object plural)
xers-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
خرسا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xersấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خرس (ezafe singular)
xers-e (ezafe singular)
خرسهای (ezafe plural)
xers-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خرسای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xersấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خرسی (definite relative singular)
خرسی (indefinite singular stressed)
xers-i (definite relative singular)
xers-i (indefinite singular stressed)
خرسهایی (definite plural relative)
خرسهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
خرسایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خرسایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xersấi (definite plural relative)
xersấi (indefinite plural stressed)
خرسم (first-person predicative singular)
xersam (first-person predicative singular)
خرسیم (first-person plural predicative)
xersim (first-person plural predicative)
خرسی (predicative second-person singular)
xersi (predicative second-person singular)
خرسید (plural predicative second-person)
xersid (plural predicative second-person)
خرسین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xersin (plural predicative second-person)
خرس است (predicative singular third-person)
xers ast (predicative singular third-person)
خرسه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xerse (predicative singular third-person)
خرسند (plural predicative third-person)
xersand (plural predicative third-person)
خرسن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xersan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Khalaj: xirs

→ Munji: xərs

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)

→ Pashto: خرس

→ Wakhi: خرس

→ Urdu: خرس (xirs)

→ Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah
Old Persian *r̥šah
Persian خرسInherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.

etymon

شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:

Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.

šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.


خاله

xâle (romanization)
خالهها (plural)
خاله (singular)
xâlé (singular)
خالهها (plural)
xâle-hấ (plural)
خالها (colloquial plural)
xâleấ (plural)
خاله را (definite direct-object singular)
xâlé râ (definite direct-object singular)
خاله رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
xâlá ro (definite direct-object singular)
خالهها را (definite direct-object plural)
xâle-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
خالها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
xâleấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
خالهٔ (ezafe singular)
xâlé-ye (ezafe singular)
خالههای (ezafe plural)
xâle-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خالهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
xâleấ-ye (ezafe plural)
خالهای (definite relative singular)
خالهای (indefinite singular stressed)
xâlé-i (definite relative singular)
xâlé-i (indefinite singular stressed)
خالههایی (definite plural relative)
خالههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
xâle-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xâle-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خالهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
خالهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
xâleấ-yi (definite plural relative)
xâleấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
خالهام (first-person possessive singular)
xâlé-am (first-person possessive singular)
خالم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xâlám (first-person possessive singular)
خالههایم (first-person possessive singular)
xâle-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
خالههام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
xâleấm (first-person possessive singular)
خالهات (possessive second-person singular)
xâlé-at (possessive second-person singular)
خالت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâlát (possessive second-person singular)
خالههایت (possessive second-person singular)
xâle-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
خالههات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
xâleất (possessive second-person singular)
خالهاش (possessive singular third-person)
xâlé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
خالش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâláš (possessive singular third-person)
خالههایش (possessive singular third-person)
xâle-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
خالههاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
xâleấš (possessive singular third-person)
خالهمان (first-person plural possessive)
(xâlé-(y)emân) (first-person plural possessive)
خالهمون، خالمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâlámun (first-person plural possessive)
خالههایمان (first-person plural possessive)
xâle-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
خالههامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
xâleấmun (first-person plural possessive)
خالهتان (plural possessive second-person)
(xâlé-(y)etân) (plural possessive second-person)
خالهتون، خالتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâlátun (plural possessive second-person)
خالههایتان (plural possessive second-person)
xâle-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
خالههاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
xâleấtun (plural possessive second-person)
خالهشان (plural possessive third-person)
(xâlé-(y)ešân) (plural possessive third-person)
خالهشون، خالشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâlášun (plural possessive third-person)
خالههایشان (plural possessive third-person)
xâle-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
خالههاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
xâleấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Khalaj: xâla

Coordinate term: عمه ('amme)

خاله شیرین دنبالت میگرده.


حال

head

حال • (hâl) (plural حالات (hâlât) or احوال (ahvâl))

hâl (romanization)
حالات (plural)
احوال (plural)

→ Hindi: हाल (hāl)

→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)

→ Urdu: حال (hāl)

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl, “state, condition”).

bor+

استراحت حال او را بهتر نکرده.

condition of health; (on its own) good health

من حال غذا خوردن ندارم.

condition; state
(Sufism) mystical state

حالت خوبه؟

How are you? (literally, “Is your state good?”)

بس که میخواهم که داند عاشقان را حال چیست
حال زارم بیند و میپرسدم کاحوال چیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 126:

I so dearly want her to know what the state of [her] lovers are,
For her to see my wretched state and ask me what the matter is.

bas ki mē-xwāham ki dānad āšiqān rā hāl čīst
hāl-i zāram bīnad u mē-pursadam k-ahwāl čīst

زمان حال
زمان حال#Persian

Short for زمان حال (zamân-e hâl, “(grammar) the present tense”).

زمان حال

(in idiomatic expressions) senses, consciousness


حال

حالا حالا#Persian


مچ

→ Khalaj: muç

⇒ → Khalaj: murç

From a derivative of Proto-Iranian *muštiš (“fist”) (with sound change št > č), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”).

مچ پیراهن

cuff, the end of a shirt sleeve that covers the wrist

joint (Any part of the body where two bones join)

part of a garment that covers the wrists or ankles.


طاووس

head

طاووس • (tâvus)

fa-noun

طاووس • (tâvus)

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɑː.wúːs]

[t̪ʰɒː.vúːs]

هر که طاووس خواهد جور هندوستان کشد

har ke tâvus xâhad jowr-e hendustân kešad


گویش

head

گویِش • (guyeš) (plural گویشها (guyeš-hâ))

گویِش (canonical)
guyeš (romanization)
گویشها (plural)

From گوی (guy-, present stem of گفتن (goftan, “to say”)) + ـش (-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گفتن</i> (goftan, “to say”)

آهنگی با گویش محلی

گویش یهودیان ایران


روغن

head

روغن • (rowğan or rôğan) (plural روغنها (rowğan-hâ))

rowğan (romanization)
rôğan (romanization)
روغنها (plural)

Dari: روغَن (rōğan)

Iranian Persian: رَوغَن (rowğan)

Tajik: равған (ravġan)

→ Gujarati: રોગાન (rogān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रौग़न (rauġan)

Urdu: رَوغَن (rauġan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: روغن (revgan, rugan)
Turkish: rugan

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwkn' /rōγn/, “oil; butter”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwgnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwgʰnas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰ-no-s (“cream”), from *rewgʰ- + *-nos, from *rew- (“to tear, dig, churn”). Cognate with Mazanderani راغون (rağun, “oil”), Central Kurdish ڕۆن (ron, “oil”), Shughni рӯған (rūɣan, “butter, grease”), Pashto روغن (roğán), Zazaki ruwen.

inh

روغن آرگان ― rowğan-e ârgân ― argan oil

روغن زیتون

روغن نخل

روغن گاو

oil (liquid fat); (of mammals) butter; ghee

روغن ریخته جمع نمیشود

No use crying over spilled milk; Spilled oil can't be collected


ورزش

head

وَرْزِش • (varzeš) (plural ورزشها (varzeš-hâ))

وَرْزِش (canonical)
varzeš (romanization)
ورزشها (plural)

→ Armenian: վարժ (varž)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܘܵܪܓ̰ܝܼܣ (värǰis)

→ Azerbaijani: vərdiş (“habit”)

→ Georgian: ვარჯიში (varǯiši), ვარჯისი (varǯisi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਰਜ਼ਸ਼ (varzaś)

Shahmukhi script: ورزش (varzaś)


معلم

head

معلم • (mu'allim／mo'allem) (plural معلمان or معلمها or معلمون)

mu'allim／mo'allem (romanization)
معلمان (plural)
معلمها (plural)
معلمون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim).


معلم

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلَّم (muʕallam).


صابون

head

صابون • (sâbun) (plural صابونها (sâbun-hâ))

→ Assamese: চাবোন (sabün)

→ Bengali: সাবান (śaban)

→ Bodo (India): साबोन (sabwn)

→ Gujarati: સાબુ (sābu)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साबुन (sābun), साबन (sāban)

Urdu: صابن (sābun)

→ Kannada: ಸಾಬೂನು (sābūnu)

→ Khmer: សាប៊ូ (saabuu)

desctree

→? Malay: sabun
Iban: sabun
Indonesian: sabun
→ Balinese: ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄ (sabun)
→ Lun Bawang: sabun
→ Makasar: sabung
→ Dhuwal: jaabu
→ Hainanese: 差文
→? Hokkien: 雪文 (sap-bûn)
→ Amis: safon
→ Kavalan: sabun
→ Puyuma: sabun
→ Tsou: savungu
→ Sundanese: sabun
→ Teochew: 雪文 (sab⁴ bhung⁵)
→ Hakka: 雪文 (Singkawang, Bangkok Jiexi Hakka)

→ Nepali: सावुन (sāwuna)

→ Old Marathi: साबण (sābaṇa)

Marathi: साबण (sābaṇ)

→ Odia: ସାବୁନ (sābuna)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਬਣ (sābaṇ), ਸਬੂਣ (sabūṇ)

Shahmukhi script: صابݨ (sābaṇ)

→ Rakhine: သပုန်

→ Sinhalese: සබන් (saban)

→ Telugu: సబ్బు (sabbu)

desctree

→ Thai: สบู่ (sà-bùu)
→ Lao: ສະບູ່ (sa bū)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seyb-?
Proto-Germanic *saipǭbor.
Latin sāpōbor.
Ancient Greek σάπων (sápōn)bor.
Classical Syriac ܨܲܦ݁ܘܿܢܵܐbor.
Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)bor.
Persian صابون
Ultimately from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn).

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


تساوی

head

تساوی • (tasâvi)

fa-noun

تساوی • (tasâvi)


شب

head

شب • (šab) (plural شبها (šab-hâ) or شبان (šabân))

šab (romanization)
شبها (plural)
شبان (plural)

PIE word
 *kʷséps
From Middle Persian [script needed] (LYLYA), [script needed] (šp /šab/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (xšap-), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps. Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

شبت خوش باد و خواب مستیات سلطان و من هم خوش
شبی گرچه نیاری یاد بیداران شبها را

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

May your night and drunken sleep be happy, my sovereign! I am happy too,
Even though you will not remember (for even one night) those who stay awake during night [out of love for you].

šab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš
šabē garči nay-ārī yād-i bēdārān-i šabhā rā


اسیر

اسیر • (asir) (plural اسیران (asirân) or اسرا (asrâ))

asir (romanization)
اسیران (plural)
اسرا (plural)


عنکبوت

عَنْکَبوت • (ankabut) (plural عنکبوتها (ankabut-hâ) or عناکب ('anâkeb) or عنکبوتان (ankabutân))

عَنْکَبوت (canonical)
ankabut (romanization)
عنکبوتها (plural)
عناکب (plural)
عنکبوتان (plural)

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.bút̪]

[ʔæɲ.kʰʲæ.búːt̪]

[ʔäŋ.kʰä.bɵ́t̪]

Borrowed from Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʕankabūt). Displaced native جولا (jôlâ) in Iranian Persian.

bor+

شد دو سه تاری که عنکبوت تنیدش
بر در آن غار پرده دار محمد

late 1400s, Nūr ad-Dīn 'Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī, فاتحة الشباب:

The two or three threads that the spider wove for him
On the door of the cave, were the veil of Muhammad.

šud du si tārē ki ankabūt tanīd-aš
bar dar-i ān ğār parda dār-i muhammad


کسب

→ Azerbaijani: kəsb

→ Chagatai: کسب

Uyghur: كەسىپ (kesip)

Uzbek: kasb

→ Kazakh: кәсіп (käsıp)

→ Kyrgyz: кесип (kesip)

→ Lezgi: кеспи (kespi)

→ Northern Kurdish: kesp

→ Ottoman Turkish: كسب (kesb)

Turkish: kesp

→ Turkmen: kesp

کسب دانش


عمل

head

عمل • ('amal) (plural اعمال (a'mâl) or عملها ('amal-hâ))

'amal (romanization)
اعمال (plural)
عملها (plural)
عمل (singular)
'amal (singular)
عملها (plural)
'amal-hấ (plural)
عملا (colloquial plural)
'amalấ (plural)
عمل را (definite direct-object singular)
'amal râ (definite direct-object singular)
عمل رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
'amalo (definite direct-object singular)
عملها را (definite direct-object plural)
'amal-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
عملا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
'amalấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
عمل (ezafe singular)
'amal-e (ezafe singular)
عملهای (ezafe plural)
'amal-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عملای (colloquial ezafe plural)
'amalấ-ye (ezafe plural)
عملی (definite relative singular)
عملی (indefinite singular stressed)
'amal-i (definite relative singular)
'amal-i (indefinite singular stressed)
عملهایی (definite plural relative)
عملهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
'amalấn-i, 'amal-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
'amalấn-i, 'amal-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
عملایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
عملایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
'amalấi (definite plural relative)
'amalấi (indefinite plural stressed)
عملم (first-person possessive singular)
'amalam (first-person possessive singular)
عملهایم (first-person possessive singular)
'amal-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
عملهام، عملام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
'amalấm (first-person possessive singular)
عملت (possessive second-person singular)
'amalat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amalet (possessive second-person singular)
عملهایت (possessive second-person singular)
'amal-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
عملهات، عملات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
'amalất (possessive second-person singular)
عملش (possessive singular third-person)
'amalaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amaleš (possessive singular third-person)
عملهایش (possessive singular third-person)
'amal-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
عملهاش، عملاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
'amalấš (possessive singular third-person)
عملمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amalemân (first-person plural possessive)
عملمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amalemun (first-person plural possessive)
عملهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
'amal-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
عملهامون، عملامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
'amalấmun (first-person plural possessive)
عملتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amaletân (plural possessive second-person)
عملتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amaletun (plural possessive second-person)
عملهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
'amal-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
عملهاتون، عملاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
'amalấtun (plural possessive second-person)
عملشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amalešân (plural possessive third-person)
عملشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amalešun (plural possessive third-person)
عملهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
'amal-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
عملهاشون، عملاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
'amalấšun (plural possessive third-person)


صورت

صورَت • (surat) (plural صورتها (surat-hâ) or صور (sovar))

صورَت (canonical)
surat (romanization)
صورتها (plural)
صور (plural)

→ Bengali: সুরত (surot)

→ Ottoman Turkish: صورت (suret)

صورت قشنگ

به صورت فرشته

in the form of an angel; looking like an angel

خیال نقش تو در کارگاه دیده کشیدم
به صورت تو نگاری ندیدم و نشنیدم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 322”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I have drawn a fantasy of your portrait in the atelier of my eyes;
I have neither seen nor heard of a painting [as beautiful] as your form.

xayāl-i naqš-i tu dar kārgāh-i dīda kašīdam
ba surat-i tu nigārē na-dīdam u na-šunīdam

به صورت مبهم میگویند.

(often with به) way; manner (of doing something)

در این صورت

صورت غذا


ثبت

اداره ثبت اختراع


تخت

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾht' /taxt/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Central Kurdish تات (tat).


تخت

→ Arabic: تَخْت (taḵt)

→ Azerbaijani: təxt, taxt

→ Avar: тах (tax)

→ Bashkir: тәхет (təxet)

→ Chagatai: تخت

Uyghur: تەخت (text)

Uzbek: taxt

→ Gujarati: તખ્ત (takht)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तख़्त (taxt)

Urdu: تخت (taxt)

→ Kazakh: тақ (taq)

→ Kyrgyz: так (tak)

→ Lezgi: тахт (taχt)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: թախթ (tʻaxtʻ), թախտ (tʻaxt), թաղտ (tʻaġt), թաղթ (tʻaġtʻ)

Armenian: (in some dialects via Ottoman Turkish) թախտ (tʻaxt)

→ Malay: takhta
Indonesian: takhta

→ Northern Kurdish: text

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخت (taht)
Turkish: taht
→ Romanian: taht, taft
→ Serbo-Croatian: taht, тахт

→ Pashto: تخت (taxt)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਖ਼ਤ (taxat)

Shahmukhi script: تَخْت (taxt)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: تخت

Devanagari script: तख्तु

→ Tatar: тәхет (täxet)

→ Turkmen: tagt


دوش

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš /dōš/) (cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš, “forearm”)), from Old Persian [script needed] (dauš), from Proto-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“forearm”) Cognate with Sanskrit दोषन् (doṣan, “forearm”).


دوش

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dawšáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dowséh₂. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš, “night, last night”) and Sanskrit दोषा (doṣā, “darkness; night”).


دوش

From Old Persian [script needed] (*dáuxšatiy), from Proto-Iranian *dáwxšati (“to milk”); see there for more.

inh

دوختن دوختن#Persian

present stem form of دوختن (duxtan, “(archaic) to milk”)


دوش

دوشیدن دوشیدن#Persian

present stem form of دوشیدن (dušidan, “to milk”)


غاز

A Turkic borrowing: compare Chagatai غاز (ğaz), Ottoman Turkish قاز (qaz), Azerbaijani qaz. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kāŕ.


کره

→ Khalaj: kara

From Middle Persian *karag. Related to Middle Armenian կարագ (karag) and Arabic كَرَج (karaj).

کره تازه


کره

head

کره • (kore) (plural کرات (korât) or کرهها (kore-hâ))

kore (romanization)
کرات (plural)
کرهها (plural)


کره

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlk' /kurrag/, “colt”), from Old Iranian *kurna-ka-, a derivative of the Proto-Iranian root which gave Bakhtiari کر (kowr), Northern Kurdish kur (“boy, son”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish kurrik, Zazaki kurrî, kirrêk, kirri, kurik, kurrik, Talysh kırə, and akin to Middle Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), քուռիկ (kʻuṙik), Aghwan 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄 (kuruḳ), Georgian ქორაკი (koraḳi), კურაკი (ḳuraḳi), კურატი (ḳuraṭi), კურიჰკაჲ (ḳurihḳay), კურიკაჲ (ḳuriḳay), კურია (ḳuria), ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi), ქვირა (kvira), კურო (ḳuro), Arabic كُرَّج (kurraj), Iranian borrowings.
Ultimately perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European and cognate with Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), Hesychian Ancient Greek κύρνος (kúrnos, “bastard son”).


کره

head

کُرِه • (kore)

fa-proper noun

کُرِه • (kore)

(chiefly Iran) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided in two)


شعر

head

شعر • (še'r) (plural شعرها (še'r-hâ) or اشعار (aš'âr))

še'r (romanization)
شعرها (plural)
اشعار (plural)


طلاق

طلاق • (talâq)

fa-noun

طلاق • (talâq)

→ Gujarati: તલાક (talāk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तलाक़ (talāq)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਲਾਕ (talāk)

Shahmukhi script: طلاق (talāq)

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɑ́ːq]

[t̪ʰä.lɔ́ːq]

[t̪ʰæ.lɒ́ːɢ̥]

Coordinate term: ازدواج (ezdevâj)

زنی شوهردار با مردی رابطه داشته شوهرش او را طلاق میدهد آیا اکنون میتواند به عقد آن مردی که با او رابطه داشته درآید؟

2010s, “پرسش و پاسخ : طلاق”, in sistani.org:

A married woman having a relationship with a man, her husband divorces her. Can she now enter a marriage contract with the man she has a relationship with?

zan-i šowhar-dâr bâ mard-i râbete dâšte šowhar-aš u-râ talâq mi-dehad âyâ aknun mi-tavânad be 'aqd-e ân mard-i ke bâ u râbete dâšte dar-âyad?


مگس

→ Central Kurdish: مەگەز (megez)

→ Khalaj: mağas

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مگس (meges)
Turkish: meges

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mks /magas/), from Proto-Iranian *makácaH, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mákš (“fly”). Compare Sanskrit मशक (maśaka).


حافظ

fa-adj

حافظ • (hâfez)

From Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), the active participle of the verb حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to preserve, to protect, to defend”).


حافظ

head

حافظ • (hâfez) (plural حافظان (hâfezân))

hafiz (one who knows the Qur'an by heart)


حافظ

حافظ • (hâfez)

fa-proper noun

حافظ • (hâfez)


فرشته

head

فرشته • (ferešte) (plural فرشتهها (ferešte-hâ) or فرشتگان (fereštegân))

ferešte (romanization)
فرشتهها (plural)
فرشتگان (plural)

→ Bengali: ফেরেশতা (feresta)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرشته (firişte, ferişte, ferişta)

> Turkish: ferişte, feriştah (inherited)

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (fariśtā)

→ Urdu: فَرِشْتَہ (fariśta)

→ Uyghur: پەرىشتە (perishte)

→ Uzbek: farishta

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

From Middle Persian plystk' (frēstag, “apostle; angel”) [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (plystky, “messenger”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian frystg, prystg (frēstag), hrystg (hrēstag, “apostle; angle”), Manichaean Parthian fryštg (frēštag, “apostle; angel”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀- (fraēšta-, “messenger”), Middle Iranian borrowings Old Armenian հրեշտակ (hreštak), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פרסתקא (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”), and Classical Syriac ܦܪܣܬܩܐ (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”).

cog

چون فرشته بود همچون دیو شد
کان ملاحت اندر او عاریه بد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 713:

She was like an angel, she became like a demon,
for that loveliness in her was a borrowed (transient) thing.

čūn farišta būd hamčūn dēw šud
k-ān malāhat andar ō 'āriya bud

angel (divine and supernatural messenger from a deity)


فرشته

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

a female given name, Fereshteh, Fereshte, Farishtah, or Farishta, from Middle Persian


نامزد

head

نامزد • (nâmzad)

fa-noun

نامزد • (nâmzad)

→ Azerbaijani: namizəd

→ Gujarati: નામજદ (nāmjad)

→ Northern Kurdish: namzet

→ Ottoman Turkish: نامزد (namzed)

Turkish: namzet

→ Tatar: namzät


رئیس

head

رَئیس • (ra'is) (plural رؤسا (ro'asâ) or رؤساء (ro'asâ'))

رَئیس (canonical)
ra'is (romanization)
رؤسا (plural)
رؤساء (plural)

→ Urdu: رَئِیس (raīs)

From Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs), from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be at the head”).


جان

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn /gyān/, “soul, ghost”), from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH (equivalent to*wi- + *HanH- (“to breathe”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wyaHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence, for example, Latin animus.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish giyan, Central Kurdish گیان (giyan), Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā), Sanskrit व्यान (vyāná).

جان دادن

to pass away; to give life; to be passionate; to give the soul

جان خود را از دست دادن

جان من سنگدلی ، دل به تو دادن غلط است
بر سر راه تو چون خاک فتادن غلط است
چشم امید به روی تو گشادن غلط است
روی پر گرد به راه تو نهادن غلط است
رفتن اولاست ز کوی تو ، ستادن غلط است
جان شیرین به تمنای تو دادن غلط است

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “گلهٔ یار دلآزار”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

My stone-hearted love, it's a mistake to give my heart to you;
It's a mistake to fall down like dust at the head of your path;
It's a mistake to open my hopeful eyes to your face;
It's a mistake to lay my dusty face on your path;
First of all, I leave your street, it's a mistake to stand here;
It's a mistake to give up my sweet life to desiring you.

jān-i man-i sangdilī, dil ba tu dādan ğalat ast
bar sar-i rāh-i tu čūn xāk fitādan ğalat ast
čašm-i umēd ba rōy-i tu gušādan ğalat ast
rōy-i pur gird ba rāh-i to nihādan ğalat ast
raftan awwalā-st zi kōy-i tu, sitādan ğalat ast
jān-i šīrīn ba tamannā-yi tu dādan ğalat ast

پاهایم جان ندارند.

My legs are tired. (literally, “My legs have no life.”)

جان کلام

جانم

جانم جانم#Persian

جان من
جان من#Persian

(mainly in جانم or جان من) someone very close, e.g. a beloved or close family

in جانم or جان من


جان

→ Middle Armenian: ջան (ǰan)

desctree

→ Armenian: ջան (ǰan), ճան (čan) — Western Armenian
→ Russian: джан (džan)

→ Azerbaijani: can

→ Bashkir: йән (yən)

→ Bengali: জান (jan)

→ Chuvash: чун (čun)

→ Gujarati: જાન (jān)

→ Georgian: ჯანი (ǯani)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जान (jān)

Urdu: جان (jān)

→ Kazakh: жан (jan)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: جان (can)

Northern Kurdish: can

→ Kyrgyz: жан (jan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جان (can)
Turkish: can
Albanian: xhan
Macedonian: џан (džan)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џан
Latin script: džan

→ Pashto: جان (ǰān)

→ Sindhi: جان (jān)

→ Tatar: җан (can)

→ Old Azari: جان (ǰān)

→ Turkmen: jan

→ Uyghur: جان (jan)

→ Uzbek: jon

what?; a request for clarification upon mishearing.


شکسته

[ʃɪ.kʰäs.t̪ʰǽ]

[ʃɪ.kʰäs.t̪ʰǽ]

[ʃɪ.kʰäs.t̪ʰǽ]

شکستن شکستن#Persian

شکستن شکستن#Persian


عروسک

head

عَروسَک • ('arusak) (plural عروسکان ('arusakân) or عروسکها ('arusak-hâ))

عَروسَک (canonical)
'arusak (romanization)
عروسکان (plural)
عروسکها (plural)

[ʔä.ɾʊː.sǽk]

From عَرُوس (arus, “bride”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).


ریاست

→ Azerbaijani: rəyasət

→ Turkish: riyaset

→ Uyghur: رىياسەت (riyaset)

→ Uzbek: riyosat

→ Urdu: رِیاسَت (riyāsat)

انتخابات ریاست


شلوار

head

شلوار • (šalvâr) (plural شلوارها (šalvâr-hâ))

Tajik: шалвор (šalvor)

desctree

→ Arabic: سِرْوَال (sirwāl)
→ French: sarouel
→ Galician: cirolas
→ Portuguese: ceroulas
→ Spanish: zaragüelles

→ Azerbaijani: şalvar

→ Bashkir: салбар (salbar)

→ Bengali: সালোয়ার (śalōẇar)

→ Georgian: შარვალი (šarvali)

desc

→ Gujarati: સલવાર (salvār), સુરવાલ (survāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शलवार (śalvār), सलवार (salvār)

Urdu: شلوار (śalvār), سلوار (salvār)

→ Indonesian: salwar

→ Kalmyk: шалвр (şalvr)

→ Kazakh: шалбар (şalbar)

→ Lezgi: шалвар (šalvar)

→ Malay: seluar, salwar

→ Nogai: шалбыр (şalbır)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شلوار (şelvar), شالوار (şalvar)
Turkish: şalvar, şelvar
→ Albanian: shallvarë
→ Armenian: շալվար (šalvar)
→ Aromanian: shilvãri, shãlvãri, shãlivãri
→ Bulgarian: шалва́ри (šalvári)
→ Hungarian: salavári
→ Belarusian: шарава́ры (šaraváry)
→ Polish: szarawary
→ English: sherryvallies
→ Ukrainian: шарава́ри (šaraváry)
→ Russian: шарова́ры (šarováry)
→ Greek: σαλβάρι (salvári)
→ Ladino: shalvar
→ Macedonian: шалвари (šalvari)
→ Portuguese: saruel
→ Romanian: șalvari
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ша̀лваре
Latin script: šàlvare

→ Portuguese: saruel

→ Southern Altai: шалмар (šalmar)

→ Tagalog: salawal, salwal

→ Tatar: чалбар (çalbar)

→ Turkmen: jalbar

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šlwʾl /šalwār/, “trousers”), from Proto-Iranian *šarawāra, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skelo- (“leg”) + *wero- (“to cover”).
For the first part compare شل (šal, “thigh”) and Old Armenian շար-աւանդ (šar-awand), an Iranian borrowing; for the second part compare Old Armenian վարտիք (vartikʻ), also an Iranian borrowing.
Compare Iranian borrowings: Ancient Greek σαράβαρα (sarábara, “Scythian loose trousers”), σαράβαλλα (saráballa), Latin sarabala, sarabāra, Biblical Aramaic (Daniel) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סַרְבָּלָא (sarbālā, “trousers; a type of outer garment”), Classical Syriac ܫܪܒܠܐ (šarbālā, “trousers”), ܫܪܘܠܐ du (šarwālē, “leggings”), Classical Mandaic ࡔࡀࡓࡅࡀࡋࡀ (šaruala, “trousers”), Arabic سِرْوَال (sirwāl), سِرْبَال (sirbāl), شِرْوَال (širwāl) (dialectal), شَرْوَال (šarwāl) (modern), سِرْوَل (sirwal), سِرْوِيل (sirwīl).


شال

→ Arabic: شَال (šāl)

→ Azerbaijani: şal

→ Bashkir: шәл (şəl)

→ Czech: šál

→ Danish: sjal

→ Dutch: sjaal

Afrikaans: sjaal

→ English: shawl

→ Japanese: ショール (shōru)

→ Korean: 숄 (syol)

→ Finnish: šaali

desctree

→ French: châle
→ Catalan: xal
→ Franco-Provençal: ch·âle
→ Italian: scialle
→ Greek: σάλι (sáli)
→ Polish: szal
→ Spanish: chal

→ Georgian: შალი (šali)

→ German: Schal

→ Gujarati: શાલ (śāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाल (śāl)

Urdu: شال (śāl)

→ Hungarian: sál

→ Indonesian: syal

→ Kannada: ಶಾಲು (śālu)

→ Marathi: शाल (śāl)

→ Middle Armenian: շալ (šal)

Armenian: շալ (šal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شال (şal)
Turkish: şal
→ Albanian: shall
→ Bulgarian: шал (šal)
→ Macedonian: шал (šal)
→ Romanian: sal, șal
→ Serbo-Croatian: šȁl
→ Slovene: šȃl

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਲ (śāl)

Shahmukhi script: شال (śāl)

→ Russian: шаль (šalʹ)

→ Kazakh: шәлі (şälı)

→ Slovak: šál

→ Swedish: sjal

→ Uzbek: shol

→ Yiddish: שאַל (shal)

Borrowed from Indo-Aryan. Compare Hindi दुशाला (duśālā), from Sanskrit शाटी (śāṭī), feminine of शाट (śāṭa, “clothing”). Sometimes said to be from or influenced by Chāliāt, a Persian pronunciation of Chaliyam in India, supposedly where they were first made.


باز

→ Ottoman Turkish: باز

→ Swahili: wazi

(figurative) untied, unraveled, unfolded


باز

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpʾc), 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫝 (ʾbʾc /abāz/, “back, again, re-”), from Proto-Iranian *apāča- (“back”), derived from Proto-Iranian *apānk- (“behind”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá (“off, away”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“off, away”).
Less likely, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + *-ǵʰs (“out”), and cognate with Sanskrit बहिस् (bahis, “out, aside from”).

cog

باز هم
باز هم#Persian

still, yet (especially with هم (ham) as باز هم (bâz ham))


باز

head

باز • (bâz) (plural بازها (bâz-hâ) or بازان (bâzân))

bâz (romanization)
بازها (plural)
بازان (plural)

→ Bengali: বাজ (baj)

→ Burushaski: baaz

→ Georgian: ბაზი (bazi)

→ Northern Kurdish: baz

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: बाज़ (bāz)

Urdu: باز (bāz)

→ Khalaj: bâz

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਜ਼ (bāz)

Shahmukhi script: باز (bāz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باز (baz)

→ Old Armenian: բազէ (bazē)

Armenian: բազե (baze)

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭰 (bʾc /bāz/, “hawk, falcon”). Related to Sanskrit भास (bhāsa, “bird of prey”), as well as Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian բազէ (bazē), Georgian ბაზი (bazi), and Classical Syriac ܒܙܝܩܐ (bāzīqā).


باز

باختن باختن#Persian

active participial adjective of باختن (bâxtan)


باز

باختن باختن#Persian


ناظر

head

ناظر • (nâzer)

fa-noun

ناظر • (nâzer)

این حمله هوایی اسرائیل را سازمان ملل، اتحادیه اروپا، کشورهای عربی و نهادهای ناظر بر حقوق بشر یکی پس از دیگر محکوم کردند.

2024 May 28, “تانکهای اسرائیل به مرکز شهر رفح رسیدند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

One after the other, the United Nations, the European Union, Arab countries, and human rights monitoring institutions condemned this air strike by Israel.

in hamle-ye havâyi-ye esrâ'il râ sâzmân-e melal, ettehâdiye-ye orupâ, kešvar-hâ-ye arabi va nahâd-hâ-ye nâzer bar hoquq-e bašar yeki pas az digar mahkum kardand.


لواط

head

لواط • (lavât)

fa-noun

لواط • (lavât)

Borrowed from Arabic لِوَاط (liwāṭ); ultimately from لُوط (lūṭ).

(Islam) male homosexual intercourse, sodomy


پوتین

head

پوتین • (putin) (plural پوتینها (putin-hâ))


پوتین

Transliteration of Russian Пу́тин (Pútin).

transliteration

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin).

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

Vladimir Putin; Russian president, 2012–current


ازبکستان

From ازبک (ozbak, “Uzbek”) + ـستان (estân, “place of”).


کوکاکولا

head

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)

fa-noun

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)


انتخاب

head

اِنْتِخاب • (entexâb) (plural انتخابات (entexâbât))

اِنْتِخاب (canonical)
entexâb (romanization)
انتخابات (plural)

Tajik: интихоб (intixob)

→ Bengali: ইন্তেখাব (intekhab)

→ Dhivehi: އިންތިޚާބް (in̊tixāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंतख़ाब (intaxāb)

Urdu: اِنْتِخاب (intixāb)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِخَاب (intiḵāb).

bor+

در انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده است؟ (more literary)
dar entexâbât-e torkiye ki entexâb šode ast?

تو انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده؟ (more colloquial)

Who has been elected in the Turkish elections?


اسپاگتی

head

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

fa-noun

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]


آتشکده

head

آتشکده • (âtaškade) (plural آتشکدهها (âtaškade-hâ))

âtaškade (romanization)
آتشکدهها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]


آبجو

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

fa-noun

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈd͡ʒaw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɔːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɒːb.d͡ʒów]


آرامش

head

آرامش • (ârâmeš)

fa-noun

آرامش • (ârâmeš)

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ˈmiʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.mɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɔː.ɾɔː.míʃ]

[ʔɒː.ɹɒː.méʃ]

af

آرام (ârâm) + ـش (-eš)

نخست آفرین کرد بر کردگار
خداوند آرامش و کارزار

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Siyāwash”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He made his first praises to the Creator,
The Lord [both] of calm and of the battlefield.

naxust āfarīn kard bar kardgār
xudāwand-i ārāmiš u kārzār

مریض شوق بیدل هرگز آسودن نمیخواهد
که همچون نبض موج آخر کفن میگردد آرامش

c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, “Ghazal 1808”, in دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:

Those sick with love-yearning which takes their heart away never want to rest;
Like the pulse of the wave, the shroud finally becomes their repose.

marīz-i šawq-i bēdil hargiz āsūdan na-mē-xwāhad
ki hamčūn nabz-i mawj āxar kafan mē-gardad ārāmiš

quietness; calmness; tranquility; peace, peace and quiet


آب میوه

head

آب میوه • (âb mive)

fa-noun

آب میوه • (âb mive)


سفر

Borrowed from Arabic سَفَر (safar). Cognate of English safari.

من سفر هوائی را دوست ندارم.


عبری

head

عبری • ('ebri) (plural عبریان ('ebriân) or عبریون or عبریها ('ebri-hâ))

'ebri (romanization)
عبریان (plural)
عبریون (plural)
عبریها (plural)


مرده

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *mr̥táh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós, from *mer- (“to die”).

مردن مردن#Persian


مرده

morde (romanization)
مرده
mordé
مردهٔ (ezafe)
mordé-ye (ezafe)
مردهای (definite relative)
مردهای (indefinite stressed)
mordé-i (definite relative)
mordé-i (indefinite stressed)
مردهام (first-person possessive singular)
mordé-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
mordám (first-person possessive singular)
مردهمان (first-person plural possessive)
mordé-ye-mân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
mordé-mân, mordámun (first-person plural possessive)
مردهات (possessive second-person singular)
mordé-at (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
mordát (possessive second-person singular)
مردهتان (plural possessive second-person)
mordé-ye-tân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
mordé-tân, mordátun (plural possessive second-person)
مردهاش (possessive singular third-person)
mordé-aš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
mordáš (possessive singular third-person)
مردهشان (plural possessive third-person)
mordé-ye-šân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
mordé-šân, mordášun (plural possessive third-person)
مردهام (first-person predicative singular)
mordé-am (first-person predicative singular)
مردهام، مردم (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
mordám (first-person predicative singular)
مردهایم (first-person plural predicative)
mordé-im (first-person plural predicative)
مردهای (predicative second-person singular)
mordé-i (predicative second-person singular)
مردهاید (plural predicative second-person)
mordé-id (plural predicative second-person)
مردهاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
mordé-in (plural predicative second-person)
مرده است (predicative singular third-person)
mordé ast (predicative singular third-person)
مردهئه، مردس (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
mordé-e, mordás (predicative singular third-person)
مردهاند (plural predicative third-person)
mordé-and (plural predicative third-person)
مردهان، مردن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
mordé-an, mordán (plural predicative third-person)


مرده

مرده • (morde) (plural مردگان (mordegân) or مردهها (morde-hâ))

morde (romanization)
مردگان (plural)
مردهها (plural)

→ Bengali: মুর্দা (murda)

→ Urdu: مردہ (murda)

→ Nepali: मुर्दा (murdā)


آبشار

آبشار • (âbšâr) (plural آبشارها (âbšâr-hâ))

→ Gujarati: આબશાર (ābaśār)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭡𐭱𐭠𐭥 (ābšār), equivalent to آب (âb, “water”) + شار (šâr, “pour”), see شاریدن (šâridan) for the second part. Compare Northern Kurdish avşirr, daşirr (“toilet”).

نگسلد فریاد مرغان چمن از یکدگر
روز و شب از تردماغی چون صدای آبشار

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 17”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The cries of the meadow nightingales do not separate from each other
Out of mirth day and night, like the sound of the waterfall.

na-gusilad faryād-i murğān-i čaman az yakdigar
rōz u šab az tardimāğī čūn sadā-yi ābšār


جین

Jin (a family name and a female and male given name)


هفت

From Middle Persian hp̄t' (haft, “seven”), from Proto-Iranian *haptá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.
Indo European cognates include Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (hapta), Northern Kurdish heft, Ossetian авд (avd), Pashto اووه (uwə)), Sanskrit सप्तन् (saptan), Urdu سات (sāt), Hindi सात (sāt), English seven, Latin septem, Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá), etc..


اسپانیولی

fa-adj

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa:اسپانیولی


اسپانیولی

head

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa-noun

اسپانیولی • (espâniyoli)

fa:اسپانیولی


تانک

head

تانک • (tânk)

fa-noun

تانک • (tânk)