دانستن

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دانستن • (dânestan) (present stem دان (dân))

dânestan (romanization)
دان (present stem)
دانستن (infinitive)
dānistán (infinitive)
دان (present stem)
dān (present stem)
دانست (past stem)
dānist (past stem)
داننده (participle present)
dānindá (participle present)
دانسته (participle past)
dānistá (participle past)
دانم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dānam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دانی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dānī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
داند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dānad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دانیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dānēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دانید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dānēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دانند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
dānand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میدانم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-dānam (first-person indicative present singular)
میدانی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-dānī (indicative present second-person singular)
میداند (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-dānad (indicative present singular third-person)
میدانیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-dānēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میدانید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-dānēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میدانند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-dānand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال دانستن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i dānistan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال دانستن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i dānistan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال دانستن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال دانستن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i dānistan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال دانستن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال دانستن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دانستهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
dānistá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دانستهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
dānistá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دانستهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
dānistá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دانستهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
dānistá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دانستهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
dānistá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دانستهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
dānistá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
dānistam (first-person indicative past singular)
دانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
dānistī (indicative past second-person singular)
دانست (indicative past singular third-person)
dānist (indicative past singular third-person)
دانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
dānistēm (first-person indicative past plural)
دانستید (indicative past plural second-person)
dānistēd (indicative past plural second-person)
دانستند (indicative past plural third-person)
dānistand (indicative past plural third-person)
میدانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-dānistam (first-person indicative past singular)
میدانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-dānistī (indicative past second-person singular)
میدانست (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-dānist (indicative past singular third-person)
میدانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-dānistēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میدانستید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-dānistēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میدانستند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-dānistand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال دانستن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i dānistan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال دانستن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i dānistan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال دانستن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال دانستن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i dānistan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال دانستن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال دانستن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i dānistan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دانسته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dānistá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دانسته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dānistá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دانسته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dānistá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دانسته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dānistá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دانسته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dānistá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دانسته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dānistá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم دانست (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám dānist (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی دانست (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ dānist (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد دانست (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád dānist (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم دانست (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm dānist (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید دانست (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd dānist (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند دانست (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd dānist (future indicative plural third-person)
بدانم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bídānam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بدانی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bídānī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بداند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bídānad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بدانیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bídānēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بدانید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bídānēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بدانند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bídānand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dānistá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دانسته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دانسته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dānistá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بدان (imperative second-person singular)
bídān (imperative second-person singular)
بدانید (imperative plural second-person)
bídānēd (imperative plural second-person)
دانستن (infinitive)
dānistán (infinitive)
دان (present stem)
dān (present stem)
دانست (past stem)
dānist (past stem)
داننده (participle present)
dānindá (participle present)
دانسته (participle past)
dānistá (participle past)
دانم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dānum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دانی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dānī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
دانه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dāna (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دانیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dānēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دانین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dānēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دانن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
dānan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میدانم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-dānum (first-person indicative present singular)
میدانی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-dānī (indicative present second-person singular)
میدانه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-dāna (indicative present singular third-person)
میدانیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-dānēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میدانین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-dānēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میدانن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-dānan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل دانستن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i dānistan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل دانستن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i dānistan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل دانستن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i dānistan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل دانستن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i dānistan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل دانستن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i dānistan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل دانستن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i dānistan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دانستم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
dānistám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دانستی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
dānistī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دانستاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
dānistást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دانستیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
dānistḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دانستین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
dānistḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دانستن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
dānistán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
dānistum (first-person indicative past singular)
دانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
dānistī (indicative past second-person singular)
دانسته (indicative past singular third-person)
dānista (indicative past singular third-person)
دانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
dānistēm (first-person indicative past plural)
دانستین (indicative past plural second-person)
dānistēn (indicative past plural second-person)
دانستن (indicative past plural third-person)
dānistan (indicative past plural third-person)
میدانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-dānistum (first-person indicative past singular)
میدانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-dānistī (indicative past second-person singular)
میدانسته (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-dānista (indicative past singular third-person)
میدانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-dānistēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میدانستین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-dānistēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میدانستن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-dānistan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل دانستن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i dānistan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل دانستن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i dānistan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل دانستن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i dānistan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل دانستن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i dānistan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل دانستن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i dānistan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل دانستن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i dānistan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دانسته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dānistá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دانسته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dānistá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دانسته بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dānistá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دانسته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dānistá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دانسته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dānistá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دانسته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dānistá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم دانست (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm dānist (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی دانست (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ dānist (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه دانست (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá dānist (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم دانست (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm dānist (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین دانست (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn dānist (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین دانست (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán dānist (future indicative plural third-person)
بدانم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bídānum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بدانی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bídānī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بدانه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bídāna (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بدانیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búdānēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بدانین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bídānēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بدانن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bídānan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dānistá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دانسته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dānistá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دانسته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dānistá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بدان (imperative second-person singular)
bídān (imperative second-person singular)
بدانین (imperative plural second-person)
bídānēn (imperative plural second-person)
دانستن (infinitive)
dânestán (infinitive)
دان (present stem)
dân (present stem)
دانست (past stem)
dânest (past stem)
داننده (participle present)
dânandé (participle present)
دانسته (participle past)
dânesté (participle past)
دانم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dânam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دانی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
dâni (aorist indicative second-person singular)
داند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dânad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دانیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dânim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دانید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dânid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دانند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
dânand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میدانم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-dânam (first-person indicative present singular)
میدانی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-dâni (indicative present second-person singular)
میداند (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-dânad (indicative present singular third-person)
میدانیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-dânim (first-person indicative plural present)
میدانید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-dânid (indicative plural present second-person)
میدانند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-dânand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میدانم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-dânam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میدانی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-dâni (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میداند (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-dânad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میدانیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-dânim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میدانید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-dânid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میدانند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-dânand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دانستهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
dânesté-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دانستهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
dânesté-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دانسته است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
dânesté ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دانستهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
dânesté-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دانستهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
dânesté-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دانستهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
dânesté-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
dânestam (first-person indicative past singular)
دانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
dânesti (indicative past second-person singular)
دانست (indicative past singular third-person)
dânest (indicative past singular third-person)
دانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
dânestim (first-person indicative past plural)
دانستید (indicative past plural second-person)
dânestid (indicative past plural second-person)
دانستند (indicative past plural third-person)
dânestand (indicative past plural third-person)
میدانستم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-dânestam (first-person indicative past singular)
میدانستی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-dânesti (indicative past second-person singular)
میدانست (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-dânest (indicative past singular third-person)
میدانستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-dânestim (first-person indicative past plural)
میدانستید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-dânestid (indicative past plural second-person)
میدانستند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-dânestand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میدانستم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-dânestam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میدانستی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-dânesti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میدانست (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt mí-dânest (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میدانستیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-dânestim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میدانستید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-dânestid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میدانستند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-dânestand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دانسته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dânesté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دانسته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dânesté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دانسته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dânesté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دانسته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dânesté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دانسته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dânesté búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دانسته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dânesté búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم دانست (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám dânest (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی دانست (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí dânest (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد دانست (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád dânest (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم دانست (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím dânest (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید دانست (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd dânest (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند دانست (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd dânest (future indicative plural third-person)
بدانم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bédânam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بدانی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bédâni (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بداند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bédânad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بدانیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bédânim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بدانید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bédânid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بدانند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bédânand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dânesté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dânesté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دانسته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dânesté bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دانسته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dânesté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دانسته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dânesté bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دانسته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dânesté bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بدان (imperative second-person singular)
bédân (imperative second-person singular)
بدانید (imperative plural second-person)
bédânid (imperative plural second-person)
دونستن (infinitive)
dunestán (infinitive)
دون (present stem)
dun (present stem)
دونست (past stem)
dunest (past stem)
دوننده (participle present)
dunandé (participle present)
دونسته (participle past)
dunesté (participle past)
دونم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
dunam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
دونی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
duni (aorist indicative second-person singular)
دونه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
dune (aorist indicative singular third-person)
دونیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
dunim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
دونین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
dunin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
دونن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
dunan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میدونم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-dunam (first-person indicative present singular)
میدونی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-duni (indicative present second-person singular)
میدونه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-dune (indicative present singular third-person)
میدونیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-dunim (first-person indicative plural present)
میدونین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-dunin (indicative plural present second-person)
میدونن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-dunan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میدونم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-dunam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میدونی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-duni (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میدونه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-dune (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میدونیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-dunim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میدونین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-dunin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میدونن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-dunan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
دونستهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
dunestám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
دونستهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
dunestí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
دونسته (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
dunesté (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
دونستهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
dunestím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
دونستهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
dunestín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
دونستهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
dunestán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
دونستم (first-person indicative past singular)
dunestam (first-person indicative past singular)
دونستی (indicative past second-person singular)
dunesti (indicative past second-person singular)
دونست (indicative past singular third-person)
dunest (indicative past singular third-person)
دونستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
dunestim (first-person indicative past plural)
دونستین (indicative past plural second-person)
dunestin (indicative past plural second-person)
دونستن (indicative past plural third-person)
dunestan (indicative past plural third-person)
میدونستم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-dunestam (first-person indicative past singular)
میدونستی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-dunesti (indicative past second-person singular)
میدونست (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-dunest (indicative past singular third-person)
میدونستیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-dunestim (first-person indicative past plural)
میدونستین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-dunestin (indicative past plural second-person)
میدونستن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-dunestan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میدونستم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-dunestam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میدونستی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-dunesti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میدونست (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-dunest (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میدونستیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-dunestim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میدونستین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-dunestin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میدونستن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-dunestan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
دونسته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dunesté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
دونسته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dunesté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
دونسته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dunesté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
دونسته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dunesté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
دونسته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dunesté búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
دونسته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dunesté búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بدونم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bédunam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بدونی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
béduni (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بدونه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bédune (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بدونیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bédunim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بدونین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bédunin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بدونن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bédunan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
دونسته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dunesté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
دونسته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dunesté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
دونسته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dunesté bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
دونسته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dunesté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
دونسته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dunesté bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
دونسته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dunesté bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بدون (imperative second-person singular)
bédun (imperative second-person singular)
بدونین (imperative plural second-person)
bédunin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دانستن</i> (dānistán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال دانستن بودیم

در حال دانستن بودم

در حال دانستن بودید

در حال دانستن بودی

در حال دانستن بودند

در حال دانستن بود

در حال دانستن استیم

در حال دانستن استم

در حال دانستن استید

در حال دانستن استی

در حال دانستن استند

در حال دانستن است

دانسته بودیم

دانسته بودید

دانسته بودند

خواهیم دانست

خواهید دانست

خواهند دانست

دانسته باشیم

دانسته باشید

dānistá bā́šī

دانسته باشند

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دانستن</i> (dānistán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل دانستن بودیم

ده آل دانستن بودم

ده آل دانستن بودین

ده آل دانستن بودی

ده آل دانستن بودن

ده آل دانستن بود

ده آل دانستن استیم

ده آل دانستن استم

ده آل دانستن استین

ده آل دانستن استی

ده آل دانستن استن

ده آل دانستن است

دانسته بودیم

دانسته بودین

خواییم دانست

خوایین دانست

دانسته باشیم

دانسته باشین

dānistá bā́šī

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دانستن</i> (dânestán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میدانستیم

داشتم میدانستم

داشتید میدانستید

داشتی میدانستی

داشتند میدانستند

داشت میدانست

داریم میدانیم

دارید میدانید

دارند میدانند

دانسته بودیم

دانسته بودید

دانسته بودند

خواهیم دانست

خواهید دانست

خواهند دانست

دانسته باشیم

دانسته باشید

دانسته باشند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">دونستن</i> (dunestán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میدونستیم

داشتم میدونستم

داشتین میدونستین

داشتی میدونستی

داشتن میدونستن

داشت میدونست

داریم میدونیم

دارین میدونین

دونسته بودیم

دونسته بودین

دونسته باشیم

دونسته باشین

From Middle Persian YDOYTWN-stn' (dānistan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti.
Related to شناختن (šenâxtan, “recognize”), Northern Kurdish zanîn, Baluchi زانگ (zánag), Sanskrit जानाति (jānāti), English know.

خوش باش که هر که راز داند
داند که خوشی خوشی کشاند

c. 1250, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, دیوان شمس تبریزی [Dīvān-i Shams-i Tabrīzī]:

Be happy, for everyone who knows [this] secret knows that happiness attracts happiness.

xwaš bāš ki har ki rāz dānad
dānad ke xwašī xwašī kašānad

من از آن حسن روزافزون که یوسف داشت دانستم
که عشق از پرده عصمت برون آرد زلیخا را

late 1300s, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “Shirazi Turk”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

I have learnt, from that daily-increasing beauty that Joseph had,
That Love will bring Zoleykha out from behind the curtain of modesty.

man az ān husn-i rōz-afzōn ki yūsuf dāšt dānestam
ki išq az parda-yi ismat birūn ārad zulayxā rā

(in the simple past) to come to know; to realize


سیب‌زمینی

سیبزَمینی (canonical)
sib-zamini (romanization)

From سیب (“apple”) + زمینی (“earthly, from earth”), a calque of French pomme de terre.


ژانویه

head

ژانویه • (žânviye)

fa-proper noun

ژانویه • (žânviye)

Borrowed from French janvier, from Latin Iānuārius.


بوس

بوسیدن بوسیدن#Persian


کاهو

head

کاهو • (kâhu)

fa-noun

کاهو • (kâhu)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: کاهو (kâhu)

→ Kermanic: kāhū, kāū, kāvū

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: کاهوو (kahû)

→ Pashto: کاهو (kâhu)

→ Shahrudi: کاو (kâu)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾhwk' /kāhōk/, “lettuce”), perhaps whence borrowings Mazanderani کاهوک (kâhuk), کاوک (kâuk), کهوک (kahuk, “lettuce”), ultimately of unknown origin.

inh

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa#Translingual


دیروز

[d̪ʊː.ɾʊ́ːz]

دیروز در حسینیه امام خمینی چه گذشت؟
diruz dar hoseyniyye-ye emâm xomeyni če gozašt? (Iranian reading)dīrōz dar husayniyya-yi imām xumaynī či guzašt? (Dari reading)
What happened yesterday in Imam Khomeini Husayniyya?


دیروز

[d̪ʊː.ɾʊ́ːz]


اوستا

head

اوستا • (avestâ)

fa-proper noun

اوستا • (avestâ)

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔä.väs.t̪ʰɔ́]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (abestāg /ʾp(y)stʾk'/). Of unknown meaning, but probably from Avestan; possibly 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬬𐬀𐬐𐬀 (upastāvaka, “praise”), from 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (upastaoⁱti, “he praises”), from -𐬎𐬞𐬀 (-upa, “up to, at”) << Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)upamás << Proto-Indo-European *upó + 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (staoⁱti, “he praises”) (see Sanskrit स्तुति (stuti, “praise”)), though this is not actually attested in any Avestan texts.


اوستا

head

اوستا • (ustâ)

fa-noun

اوستا • (ustâ)

استاد استاد#Persian


کلم

Tajik: карам (karam), калам (kalam)

→ Azerbaijani: kələm

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kelem

Central Kurdish: کەلەرم (kelerm)

→ Kyrgyz: керем (kerem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلم (kelem)

Turkish: kelem

→ Uzbek: karam

From Middle Persian *kalamb, from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, “cabbage”).


باران

head

باران • (bârân)

fa-noun

باران • (bârân)

→ Azerbaijani: baran

→ Gujarati: બારાન (bārān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باران (baran)
Turkish: baran (obsolete)

→ Pashto: باران (bârân)

desc

→ Urdu: باراں (bārā̃)

→ Urdu: باراں (bārā̃)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾlʾn' /wārān/) (Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾrʾn /wārān/)), compound of [script needed] (wʾl /wār-/) and [script needed] (-ʾn' /-ān/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waHr- (“water; rain”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁r- (“water”).
Indo-Iranian cognates include Northern Kurdish baran, Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬭𐬀 (vāra, “rain”), and Sanskrit वार् (vār, “water”). Other Indo-European cognates include Luwian 𒉿𒀀𒅈 (wār, “water”), Old Norse vari (“liquid, water”) and Latin ūrīnor (“to dive”).

inh

باران کلاهش را تر کرده.

منت باران به کشت آرزویش میدهد
غمزهات گر خستهای را تیرباران کرده است

c. 1650, Mīrzā Abū Ṭālib Kalīm, دیوان [Dīvān]:

Your teasing wink fulfills the duty of rain for the field of [my heart’s] desire
Though it has rained [only] a shower of arrows into a wounded [heart].

minnat-i bârân ba kišt-i ârzû-yaš mê-nihad
ğamza-at gar xasta-ê râ tîrbârân karda ast


باران

head

باران • (bârân)

باریدن باریدن#Persian

present participle of باریدن (bâridan, “to rain”)


باران

باران • (bârân)

fa-proper noun

باران • (bârân)

a female given name, Baran, from Middle Persian


خیلی

From خیل (xayl／xeyl, “squadron of cavalry; (by extension) army”) + ـی (-ē／-i, indefinite article), literally “an army of”. First usage meaning "very much, many" was in Gulistan in 1058.

af

خیل
<t:squadron of cavalry; (by extension) army>


خیلی

خیلی از (canonical)
xaylē az／xeyli az (romanization)

desc

→ Armenian: խելի (xeli), խեյլի (xeyli), խիլի (xili), ⇒ խել մը (xel mə)

→ Azerbaijani: xeyli

→ Kumyk: хыйлы (xıylı)

→ Kyrgyz: кыйла (kıyla)

хейлах (χejlaχ)

→ Lezgi: хейлин (χejlin), хейлах (χejlaχ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خیلی

Turkish: hayli

→ Crimean Tatar: hayli

→ Urdu: خَیلے (xaile)

Uzbek: xiyla

خیلی از دوستام فیلمای آمریکایی رو دوست دارن.

A lot of my friends like American movies.

xeyli az dustâm filmâye âmrikâi ro dust dâran.


آبلیمو

head

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

fa-noun

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

From آب + لیمو.


قاعده

head

قاعده • (qâ'ede)

fa-noun

قاعده • (qâ'ede)

→ Bengali: কায়দা (kaẏoda)

→ Gujarati: કાયદો (kāyado)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ायदा (qāydā)

Urdu: قاعِدَہ (qā'ida)

→ Kannada: ಕಾಯ್ದೆ (kāyde)

→ Kazakh: кәде (käde)

→ Marathi: कायदा (kāydā)

→ Odia: କାଇଦା (kāidā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਇਦਾ (kāidā)

Shahmukhi script: قاعِدہ (qā‘idh)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: قاعِدو

Devanagari script: क़ाइदो

[qɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ǽ]

[qɑː.ʔɪ.d̪ǽ]


گوجه‌فرنگی

head

گُوْجِهفَرَنْگی

گُوْجِهفَرَنْگی • (gowje-farangi) (plural گوجهفرنگیها (gowje-farangi-hâ))

fa-noun

گُوْجِهفَرَنْگی

گُوْجِهفَرَنْگی (canonical)
gowje-farangi (romanization)
گوجهفرنگیها (plural)

[ɡ̥ow.d͡ʒe.fæ.ɹæɲ.ɡʲíː]

From گوجه (gowje, “plum”) + فرنگی (farangi, “European”). Compare with Dari بادنجان رومی (bādinjān-e rumi, “Roman aubergine”), Bengali বিলাতী বেগুন (bilati begun, “British eggplant”), and Urdu ولایتی بینگن (vilāyatī baiṅgan, “foreign aubergine”).


ریواس

head

ریواس • (rivâs)

fa-noun

ریواس • (rivâs)

→ Arabic: رِيبَاس (rībās) (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lypʾs /rēbās/, “rhubarb”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lypʾs /rēbās, rēbāh/), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh.


گوجه

→ Gulf Arabic: كوجة (kōja)

From forms of the word treated under گوی (gôy, “ball, globule”) + ـچه (-če, forms diminutives). The similarity to Azerbaijani göyəm and its Turkic family meaning “sloe” is a coincidence.


دریا

head

دَرْیا • (daryâ) (plural دریاها (daryâ-hâ))

دَرْیا (canonical)
daryâ (romanization)
دریاها (plural)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dlydʾp̄ /drayāb/, “sea”), a merger of āb (“water”) (whence آب (āb)) with Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /draya/, “ocean, sea”), from Proto-Iranian *jráyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas, likely from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Northern Kurdish zrê, zerya (“sea”), Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵 (zraiiaŋh, “sea”), Sanskrit ज्रयस् (jráyas, “expanse”).

inh

در کنار دریا

دریا در چرخه آب نقش دارد.

The ocean plays a role in the water cycle.

ز عشق ار عاشقی میرد، گنه بر عشق ننهد کس
که بهر غرقه کردن عیب نتوان کرد دریا را

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

If the lover dies of love, nobody holds love accountable,
For one does not blame the sea when a person drowns.

zi išq ar āšiqē mīrad gunah bar išq na-nihad kas
ki bahr-i ğarqa kardan ayb na-tawan kard daryā rā

با کمال احتیاج از خلق استغنا خوش است
با دهان خشک مردن بر لب دریا خوش است

mid-1600s, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

To disdain people’s help at the utmost height of neediness is fitting;
To die with a dry mouth at the shore of the ocean is fitting.

bā kamāl-i ihtiyāj az xalq istiğnā xwaš ast
bā dahān-i xušk mordan bar lab-i daryā xwaš ast

آمو دریا

بدو گفت چون رستم پیلتن
ندیده بود کس بهر انجمن
دل شیر دارد تن ژنده پیل
نهنگان برآرد ز دریای نیل

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

He told him, "The elephant-bodied Rustam's like
Has not been seen by anyone in any tribe.
He has a lion's heart and a huge elephant's body,
And he drags out the crocodiles from the River Nile."

bad-ō guft čōn rustam-i pīltan
na-dīda būd kas ba har anjuman
dil-i šēr dārad tan-i žanda pīl
nahangān bar-ārad zi daryā-yi nīl


دریا

head

دَرْیا • (daryâ)

fa-proper noun

دَرْیا • (daryâ)

→ Turkish: Derya

a female given name, Darya, from Middle Persian


فوریه

head

فِوْرِیِه • (fevriye)

fa-proper noun

فِوْرِیِه • (fevriye)

فِوْرِیِه (canonical)
fevriye (romanization)

Borrowed from French février, from Latin Februārius.


چوپان

head

چوپان • (čupân)

fa-noun

چوپان • (čupân)

→ Azerbaijani: çoban

→ Crimean Tatar: çoban

desc

→ Gujarati: ચૂબાન (cūbān), ચૂપાન (cūpān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चूपान (cūpān)

Urdu: چوپان (cūpān)

→ Kazakh: шопан (şopan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چوبان (çoban), شبان (şoban, şuban, şüben), شوبان (şoban, şuban, şüben)
Turkish: çoban
→ Albanian: çoban
→ Armenian: չոբան (čʻoban)
→ Bulgarian: чоба́нин (čobánin)
→ Greek: τσοπάνης (tsopánis)
→ Romanian: cioban
→ Russian: чаба́н (čabán) (usually from other Turkic languages)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чо̀бан
Latin script: čòban

→ Turkmen: çopan

→ Uzbek: choʻpon

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰʊː.pʰɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰúːn]

[t͡ʃʰɵ.pʰɔ́n]

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫇𐫁𐫀𐫗 (šwbʾn /šubān/), from Old Persian *fšupāna-, composed of [script needed] (fšu-, “sheep”) (compare Old Armenian շպետ (špet), Sanskrit पशुपन् (paśupan)) and [script needed] (pāna-, “protector”). Cognate with Pashto شپون (špūn), Baluchi شپانک (šipánk), Northern Kurdish şivan, Zazaki şıwane, Bactrian χοβανο (xobano).


اهل

اهل طهران

او اهل کجاست؟

inhabitant; native; citizen; often used as an equivalent of English "to be from"

(collectively) people, inhabitants, citizens

اهل دانش

من اهل این حرفا نیستم.

I'm not the kind of person to say things like this.


اهل

در شمیران مردی نیک دیدم، از دربند بود، نامش ابوالفضل خلیفه بن علی الفیلسوف. مردی اهل بود و با ما کرامتها کرد و کرمها نمود و با هم بحثها کردیم و دوستی افتاد میان ما. مرا گفت: چه عزم داری؟ گفتم: سفر قبله را نیت کردهام. گفت: حاجت من آنست که به هنگام مراجعت گذر بر اینجا کنی تا تو را باز ببینم.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

In Shemīrān there was a good man from Derbent, whose name was Abū al-Faẓl Khalīfa, son of Alī the Philosopher. He was a noble man, and was generous towards us and showed us courtesies. We chatted with each other, and friendship grew between us. He said to me, "What are your plans?" I said, "I have set my mind on journeying to the qibla." He said, "I hope when you return, you pass by here so that I can see you again."

dar šimīrān mardē nēk dīdam, az darband būd, nām-aš abū-l-fazl xalīfa ben-e alī ul-faylasūf. mardē ahl būd u bā mā karāmat-hā kard u karam-hā nimūd u bā ham bahs-hā kardēm u dōstī uftād miyān-i mā. ma-rā guft: či azam dārī? guftam: safar-i qibla rā niyyat karda-am. guft: hājat-i man ān ast ki ba hangām-i murāja'at guzar bar īnjā kuni tā tu rā bāz bēnam.


آناناس

head

آناناس • (ânânâs)

fa-noun

آناناس • (ânânâs)

[ʔɒː.nɒː.nɒ́ːs]


قارچ

head

قارْچ • (qârč) (plural قارچها (qârč-hâ))

قارْچ (canonical)
qârč (romanization)
قارچها (plural)

Compare Central Kurdish قارچک (qarçik). It is not attested in Classical dictionaries. It must be a later formation with suffix -č like نمچ (namç, “humidity, moisture”): the base γ/qār- can be recognized in ﻏﺎری (ğâri, “sponge”), with -ī < -īk, being derived from Proto-Iranian *garH- (“soak, steep, moisten”). Hence perhaps originally meaning "sponge," it displaced سماروغ (samâruğ) in contemporary Iran.


لیمو

→ Arabic: لَيْمُون (laymūn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیمون
Turkish: limon

desc

→ Urdu: لیموں (līmūṉ)

→ Urdu: لیموں (līmūṉ)

Borrowed from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), of Austroasiatic origin. Also compare Malay limau.


فرهنگی

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡíː]

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡíː]

[fä.ɾäŋ.ɡíː]

[fæɹ.hæɲ.ɡʲíː]

[fäɾ.häŋ.ɡí]

From Classical Persian فرهنگ (farhang) + ی (ī).


فرهنگی

[fæɹ.hǽɲ.ɡʲiː]

From Classical Persian فرهنگ (farhang) + ی (ē).

فرهنگ فرهنگ#Persian

marked indefinite/relative definite form of فرهنگ (farháng)


تره

→ Azerbaijani: tərə

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تره (tere), تره اوتی (tere otu)
Turkish: tere, tere otu
→ Armenian: թառա (tʻaṙa), թէրէ (tʻērē)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tlk’ /tarrag/, “vegetable”), from [script needed] (tl’ /tarr/, “wet, moist”), compare تر (tar, “wet”).

inh

(archaic) garden herb in general, especially beets, spinach, cresses, leek, parsley, pot-herb

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

(Iran) Iranian leek, Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum subsp. persicum, a specific cultivar of the great-headed garlic, Allium ampeloprasum)


بامیه

head

بامیه • (bâmiye)

fa-noun

بامیه • (bâmiye)

Likely related to Arabic بَامِيَة (bāmiya); see there for more. The sweet is named for its resemblance to the vegetable.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


خربزه

head

خَربُزِه • (xarboze) (plural خربزهها (xarboze-hâ))

خَربُزِه (canonical)
xarboze (romanization)
خربزهها (plural)

→ Abaza: харбыз (xarbəz)

→ Adyghe: къэпраз (qɛpraz)

desc

→ Arabic: خِرْبِز (ḵirbiz, “honeydew melon”)

→ Chechen: хорбаз (xorbaz)

→ Gujarati: ખરભુજા (kharbhujā), ખરબૂજા (kharbūjā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़रबूज़ा (xarbūzā)

Urdu: خربوزہ (xarbūzā)

→ Ingush: харбаз (xarbaz)

→ Kabardian: хъарбыз (χarbəz)

→ Ossetian: харбыз (xarbyz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خربز (harbüz), خربزه (harbüze)

→ Old East Slavic: арбузъ (arbuzŭ)

Russian: арбу́з (arbúz)

→ Buryat: арбуз (arbuz)

→ Estonian: arbuus

→ Latvian: arbūzs

→ Lithuanian: arbūzas

→ Polish: arbuz

→ Volga German: Erbus

→ Ukrainian: гарбу́з (harbúz, “pumpkin”)

→ Belarusian: гарбу́з (harbúz)

→ Latgalian: garbuzs, Latgalian: garbūzs

→ Polish: harbuz

→ Romanian: harbuz

→ Turkic: (taking Persian as representative for all Iranian)

Azerbaijani: qarpız

→ Persian: قارپوز (qârpuz)

Bashkir: ҡарбуз (qarbuz)

Crimean Tatar: qarpız

Karachay-Balkar: харбыз (xarbız)

Kazakh: қарбыз (qarbyz)

Kipchak: قربز (karbız)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: قارپوز (karpuz), գարփուզ (karpuz) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: karpuz
→ Abkhaz: а-карпы́жә (a-kʼarpʼə́ẑʷ)
→ Adyghe: хъырбыдз (χərbədz)
→ Albanian: karpuz
→ Bulgarian: карпу́за (karpúza)
→ Greek: καρπούζι (karpoúzi)
→ Kabardian: хъарбыз (χarbəz)
→ Ladino: karpus
→ Serbo-Croatian: kàrpuza / ка̀рпуза

Tatar: карбыз (qarbız)

Turkmen: garpyz

→ Sanskrit: खर्बूज (kharbūja)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hlbyck' /xarbīzag/, “watermelon”), of unclear origin:
* According to Horn, the latter is formed as 𐮴𐮹 (xar, “ass, donkey”) + 𐮱𐮵𐮿𐮵𐮰 (bwcnʾ /bōzīnʾ/, “cucumber; citron”). The first part is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras, and the second part is probably related to Proto-Semitic *būṣ-. However, this is considered a folk etymology by Nişanyan.
* According to Pelliot, a reshaping of Sanskrit त्रपुस (trapusa, “the fruit of colocynth”) by popular etymology.
Forms with t- are attested in Persian: تربزه (tarboze), تربز (tarboz, “watermelon”). Akin to Middle Armenian խարպիզակ (xarpizak), խարբզակ (xarbzak), Georgian ხაბურზაკი (xaburzaḳi), ხარბუზაკი (xarbuzaḳi), Iranian borrowings.


طوطی

head

طوطی • (tuti) (plural طوطیها (tuti-hâ) or طوطیان (tutiân))

tuti (romanization)
طوطیها (plural)
طوطیان (plural)
طوطی (singular)
tutí (singular)
طوطیها (plural)
tuti-hấ (plural)
طوطیا (colloquial plural)
tutiấ (plural)
طوطی را (definite direct-object singular)
tutí râ (definite direct-object singular)
طوطی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
tutí ro (definite direct-object singular)
طوطیها را (definite direct-object plural)
tuti-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
طوطیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
tutiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
طوطی (ezafe singular)
tutí-ye (ezafe singular)
طوطیهای (ezafe plural)
tuti-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
طوطیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
tutiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
طوطی (definite relative singular)
طوطی (indefinite singular stressed)
tutí (definite relative singular)
tutí (indefinite singular stressed)
طوطیهایی (definite plural relative)
طوطیهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
tuti-hấ-yi (definite plural relative)
tuti-hấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
طوطیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
طوطیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
tutiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
tutiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)
طوطیام (first-person possessive singular)
tutí-am (first-person possessive singular)
Term? (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
tutím (first-person possessive singular)
طوطیهایم (first-person possessive singular)
tuti-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
طوطیهام، طوطیام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
tutiấm (first-person possessive singular)
طوطیات (possessive second-person singular)
tutí-at (possessive second-person singular)
طوطیت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
tutít (possessive second-person singular)
طوطیهایت (possessive second-person singular)
tuti-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
طوطیهات، طوطیات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
tutiất (possessive second-person singular)
طوطیاش (possessive singular third-person)
tutí-aš (possessive singular third-person)
طوطیش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
tutíš (possessive singular third-person)
طوطیهایش (possessive singular third-person)
tuti-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
طوطیهاش، طوطیاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
tutiấš (possessive singular third-person)
طوطیمان (first-person plural possessive)
tutíyemân (first-person plural possessive)
طوطیمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
tutímun (first-person plural possessive)
طوطیهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
tuti-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
طوطیهامون، طوطیامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
tutiấmun (first-person plural possessive)
طوطیتان (plural possessive second-person)
tutíyetân (plural possessive second-person)
طوطیتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
tutítun (plural possessive second-person)
طوطیهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
tuti-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
طوطیهاتون، طوطیاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
tutiấtun (plural possessive second-person)
طوطیشان (plural possessive third-person)
tutíyešân (plural possessive third-person)
طوطیشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
tutíšun (plural possessive third-person)
طوطیهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
tuti-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
طوطیهاشون، طوطیاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
tutiấšun (plural possessive third-person)
طوطیام (first-person predicative singular)
tutí-am (first-person predicative singular)
طوطیایم (first-person plural predicative)
tutí-im (first-person plural predicative)
طوطیای (predicative second-person singular)
tutí-i (predicative second-person singular)
طوطیاید (plural predicative second-person)
tutí-id (plural predicative second-person)
طوطیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
tutí-in (plural predicative second-person)
طوطی است (predicative singular third-person)
tutí ast (predicative singular third-person)
طوطیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
tutí-e (predicative singular third-person)
طوطیاند (plural predicative third-person)
tutí-and (plural predicative third-person)
طوطیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
tutí-an (plural predicative third-person)

desc

→ Georgian: თუთი (tuti), თუთიყუში (tutiq̇uši)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तोती (totī)

Urdu: طوطی (totī), توتی (totī)

→ Kazakh: тоты (toty)

→ Kyrgyz: тоту (totu)

→ Northern Kurdish: tûtî

→ Ottoman Turkish: توتی (tuti), دودو (dudu), طوطو (dudu, tutu)

Turkish: tutı, tuti, dudu

→ Southern Altai: тотты (tottï)

Borrowed from Sogdian [script needed] (twty /tūtī/) from Indo-Aryan. Compare Middle Armenian թութակ (tʻutʻak), Middle Georgian ტუტაქი (ṭuṭaki), Arabic طُوطَق (ṭūṭaq), طُوطَك (ṭūṭak, “parrot”), Iranian borrowings.


لبنان

head

لبنان • (lobnân)

fa-proper noun

لبنان • (lobnân)

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


بغداد

head

بغداد • (bağdâd)

fa-proper noun

بغداد • (bağdâd)

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[bæɢ.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[bäʁ.d̪ɔ́d̪]

Most scholars accept a derivation from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt /bag-dād/, “given by god”), from Old Persian *Bagadātah; compare
Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬕𐬋-𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀 (baġō-dāta), Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ and Polish Bogdan. Other origins have been suggested, and if the place name can be identified with Akkadian 𒄷𒁕𒁺 (ḫu-da-du; bag-da-du /Ḫudadu; Bagdadu/, literally “location characterized with pits, cavities, crevices, deep trenches, or irrigation canals”), it may be of much older provenance than Old Persian.

cog

بغداد بزرگترین شهر عراق و پایتخت این کشور است.

Baghdad is Iraq's largest city and the capital of the country.

bağdâd bozorg-tarin šahr-e 'erâq va pâytaxt-e in kešvar ast.


انبه

→ Gujarati: અંબા (ambā)

From Middle Persian *anbag, from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀅 (aṃbaa), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀅𑀁𑀩-𑀓 (*aṃba-ka), from Sanskrit आम्र (āmra, “mango”).


هم

From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham(a)/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

inherited

از این کتاب هم خوشم میآید.

فارسی هم بلد نیست.

هر مرغ شاد و من که ز اندوه مردهام
نگشایدم دل از گل و باغ و بهار هم

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 79:

Each of the birds is joyful, and how I have died of grief!
My heart does not open to the rose and the garden, nor to springtime.

har murğ šād u man ki zi andūh murda'am
nagušāyadam dil az gul u bāğ u bahār ham

also, too; (in negative constructions, chiefly as a post-positive particle) either, neither

حتی موش هم خوردند.

غیر از حبیب خود نپرستم کس ار برند
خلق جهان بقتل مرا سوی دار هم

I shall not worship anyone other than my beloved, even if the people of the world drag me toward the gallows.

ğayr az habīb-i xwad naparastam kas ar barand
xalq-i jahān ba-qatl ma-rā sō-yi dār ham

یک سال بعد هم من و هم او ازدواج كرديم.

yek sâl-e ba'd ham man o ham u ezdevâj kardim.

او گپ میزد، من هم ساکت بودم.

بد نیست، خیلی هم خوب است.

Used in the non-initial clause to suggest a contrast.


هم

→ Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)

→ Azerbaijani: həm (“and”)

→ Bashkir: һәм (həm, “and”)

→ Gagauz: hem

→ Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)

→ Iraqi Arabic: هم (“still”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هم

Turkish: hem

همدیگر همدیگر#Persian

each other; Short for همدیگر (hamdigar).


سرباز

head

سَرْباز • (sarbâz) (plural سربازان (sarbâzân) or سربازها (sarbâz-hâ))

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)
سربازان (plural)
سربازها (plural)
سرباز (singular)
sarbâz (singular)
سربازان (plural)
sarbâzấn (plural)
سربازا (colloquial plural)
sarbâzấ (plural)
سرباز را (definite direct-object singular)
sarbâz râ (definite direct-object singular)
سرباز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sarbâzo (definite direct-object singular)
سربازان را (definite direct-object plural)
sarbâzấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
سربازا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sarbâzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سرباز (ezafe singular)
sarbâz-e (ezafe singular)
سربازان (ezafe plural)
sarbâzấn-e (ezafe plural)
سربازای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sarbâzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سربازی (definite relative singular)
سربازی (indefinite singular stressed)
sarbâz-i (definite relative singular)
sarbâz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سربازانی (definite plural relative)
سربازانی (indefinite plural stressed)
sarbâzấn-i (definite plural relative)
sarbâzấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سربازایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سربازایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sarbâzấi (definite plural relative)
sarbâzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سربازم (first-person possessive singular)
sarbâzam (first-person possessive singular)
سربازهایم (first-person possessive singular)
sarbâz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سربازهام، سربازام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
sarbâzấm (first-person possessive singular)
سربازت (possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzet (possessive second-person singular)
سربازهایت (possessive second-person singular)
sarbâz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سربازهات، سربازات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzất (possessive second-person singular)
سربازش (possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzeš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازهایش (possessive singular third-person)
sarbâz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازهاش، سربازاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzấš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازمان (first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzemân (first-person plural possessive)
سربازمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzemun (first-person plural possessive)
سربازهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
sarbâz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سربازهامون، سربازامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سربازتان (plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzetân (plural possessive second-person)
سربازتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzetun (plural possessive second-person)
سربازهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
sarbâz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سربازهاتون، سربازاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سربازشان (plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzešân (plural possessive third-person)
سربازشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzešun (plural possessive third-person)
سربازهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
sarbâz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سربازهاشون، سربازاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzấšun (plural possessive third-person)
سربازم (first-person predicative singular)
sarbâzam (first-person predicative singular)
سربازیم (first-person plural predicative)
sarbâzim (first-person plural predicative)
سربازی (predicative second-person singular)
sarbâzi (predicative second-person singular)
سربازید (plural predicative second-person)
sarbâzid (plural predicative second-person)
سربازین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
sarbâzin (plural predicative second-person)
سرباز است (predicative singular third-person)
sarbâz ast (predicative singular third-person)
سربازه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
sarbâze (predicative singular third-person)
سربازند (plural predicative third-person)
sarbâzand (plural predicative third-person)
سربازن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
sarbâzan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: sərbaz

→ Kazakh: сарбаз (sarbaz)

→ Uzbek: sarboz

From سر (sar, “head”) + باز (-bâz, “to loose, to let go”).

compound

ما همه سرباز توایم خمینی، گوش به فرمان توایم خمینی (a motto during the Iranian Revolution)

We are all your soldiers, Khomeini; we all heed your command, Khomeini.

mâ hame sarbâz-e to-im xomeyni, guš be farmân-e to-im xomeyni


سرباز

head

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

fa-proper noun

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)

Sistan and Baluchestan
w:Sistan and Baluchestan

Sarbaz (a city and county of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran)


دلفین

head

دلفین • (dolfin) (plural دلفینها (dolfin-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic دُلْفِين (dulfīn), from Ancient Greek δελφίν (delphín).

در موج بحر خشم تو دلفین همی غریق
وز یاد هیبت تو همی اصفر آفتاب

c. 1620, Mīr Dāmād, “Qaṣīda 1”, in دیوان اشراق:

In the wave of the sea of your wrath, the dolphin is always submerged;
And by remembering your dreadfulness, the sun is always yellow [as if with fear].

dar mawj-i bahr-i xišm-i tu dulfīn hamē ğarīq
w-az yād-i haybat-i tu hamē asfar āftāb


اوت

Borrowed from French août, from Latin augustus.


زیره

→ Azerbaijani: zirə / زیره, cirə

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ीरा (zīrā)

Urdu: زیرہ (zīrā)

→ Kashmiri: زیره / ज़ीर (zīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیره (zîre)

→ Russian: зира (zira)

→ Ukrainian: зіра (zira) (not directly)

→ Uyghur: زىرە (zire)

→ Chinese: 孜然 (zīrán)

Cognate with Baluchi زیرگ (zirrag), Northern Kurdish zîre, Central Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Southern Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Sogdian [script needed] (zyr'kk /zîrê/), and distantly with Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).

زیرهٔ سیاه
زیره سیاه#Persian

زیرهٔ سبز
زیره سبز#Persian


بی

From earlier ابی (abê), from Middle Persian [script needed] (apě), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Compare Old Armenian ապա- (apa-), an Iranian borrowing.


بی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter b in English and other European languages.


کشور

head

کِشْوَر • (kešvar) (plural کشورها (kešvar-hâ))

کِشْوَر (canonical)
kešvar (romanization)
کشورها (plural)
کشور (singular)
kešvar (singular)
کشورها (plural)
kešvar-hấ (plural)
کشورا (colloquial plural)
kešvarấ (plural)
کشور را (definite direct-object singular)
kešvar râ (definite direct-object singular)
کشور رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
kešvaro (definite direct-object singular)
کشورها را (definite direct-object plural)
kešvar-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
کشورا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
kešvarấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
کشور (ezafe singular)
kešvar-e (ezafe singular)
کشورهای (ezafe plural)
kešvar-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کشورای (colloquial ezafe plural)
kešvarấ-ye (ezafe plural)
کشوری (definite relative singular)
کشوری (indefinite singular stressed)
kešvar-i (definite relative singular)
kešvar-i (indefinite singular stressed)
کشورهایی (definite plural relative)
کشورهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
کشورایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
کشورایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
kešvarấi (definite plural relative)
kešvarấi (indefinite plural stressed)

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥 (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀 (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".
The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.
Compare Central Kurdish کیشوهر (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛 (kyšp /kišp/, “country”), and Parthian [script needed] (kišfar).


ول

Related to ویلان (veylân). Perhaps related to Gilaki وشتن (vašten, “to allow”) (present stem “ول val”).


ول

From Fahlavīyāt, from Middle Persian [Term?].


آسان

fa-adj

آسان • (âsân) (comparative آسانتَر (âsân-tar), superlative آسانتَرین (âsân-tarin))

âsân (romanization)
آسانتَر (comparative)
آسانتَرین (superlative)

→ Ahirani: आसान (āsān)

→ Azerbaijani: asan

→ Bengali: আসান (aśan)

→ Dogri: āsān

Devanagari script: आसान

Dogra script: 𑠁𑠩𑠬𑠝

→ Gojri: اسان (asān)

→ Gujarati: આસાન (āsān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आसान (āsān)

desctree

Urdu: آسَانْ (āsān)
→ Kalami: آسان (āsān)

→ Khalaj: âsân

→ Maithili: āsān

Devanagari script: आसान

Tirhuta script: 𑒂𑒮𑒰𑒢

→ Malvi: आसान (āsān)

→ Marathi: आसान (āsān)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: आसान

Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅰𑅧 (asn)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آسان (asan)

Turkish: asan

→ Punjabi: asān

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਾਨ

Shahmukhi script: اَسانْ

→ Salar: asan

→ Sindhi: āsān

Arabic script: آسَانْ

Devanagari script: आसान

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋝𑋠𑋑

→ Uyghur: ئاسان (asan)

→ Uzbek: oson

→ Varhadi: आसान (āsān)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭭 (ʾsʾn /āsān/). Compare Northern Kurdish hêsan.

der

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satisfy”)

آیا فکر میکنید که کردی از فارسی آسانتر است؟ (literary)

Do you think Kurdish is easier than Persian?

âyâ fekr mi-konid ke kordi az fârsi âsân--tar ast?

فک میکنین که کردی از فارسی آسونتره؟ (colloquial)

fek mi-konin ke kordi az fârsi âsun--tar-e?

راههای صعب پایان بردهایم، ره بر اهل خویش آسان کردهایم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2947:

We have brought the hard ways to an end; we have made the way easy for our own people.

râh-hâ-ye sa'b pâyân borde-'im, rah bar ahl-e xiš âsân karde-'im.

الا یا ایها الساقی ادر کأسا و ناولها، که عشق آسان نمود اول ولی افتاد مشکلها

late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “الا یا ایها الساقی (Alā yā ayyoha-s-sāqī)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

ʼalā yā ʼayyuha-s-sāqī ʼadir kaʼsan wa-nāwilhā [Arabic: "Come, o wine-pourer! Circulate a cup and pass it"], since love seemed easy at first, but soon difficulties occurred.

alâ yâ 'ayyoha-s-sâqi ader ka'san va nâvelhâ, ke 'ešq âsân nemûd avval vali 'oftâd moškelhâ

دست از جان شستن آسان است در شبهای هجر، میتوان چون شمع خون خود به رنگ آب ریخت.

c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz, دیوان [Divān]:

Washing hands of life is easy in the nights of separation. Like the candle one can shed one's blood soundlessly.

dast az jân šostan âsân ast dar šab-hâ-ye hejr, mi-tavân čun šam' xun-e xod be rang-e âb rixt.


پرتقال

portoqâl (romanization)
porteqâl (romanization)

→ Khalaj: purtəğâl

[pʰoɹ.t̪ʰo.ʁɒ́ːl̥]

[pʰoɹ.t̪ʰe.ʁɒ́ːl̥]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پورتقال (portokal, portakal).

bor+

(Mughal empire)


پرتقال

پرتغال پرتغال#Persian

Obsolete form of پرتغال (portoğâl, “Portugal”)


دست شما درد نکنه

head

دست شما درد نکنه • (dast-e šomâ dard nakone)

desc

→ Azerbaijani: əllərin(iz) ağrımasın (calque)


خیار

head

خیار • (xiyâr)

fa-noun

خیار • (xiyâr)

→ Amharic: ኪያር (kiyar)

→ Arabic: خِيَار (ḵiyār)

Gulf Arabic: خيار (ḵyār)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟ݂ܝܵܪܵܐ (ḵyārā)

→ Azerbaijani: xiyar

→ Bashkir: ҡыяр (qıyar)

→ Chuvash: хӑяр (hăjar)

→ Gujarati: ખિયાર (khiyār)

→ Kalmyk: хаяр (xayar)

→ Karakalpak: qıyar

→ Kazakh: қияр (qiär)

→ Khalaj: xiyâr

→ Kumyk: хыяр (xıyar)

→ Maltese: ħjara

→ Middle Armenian: խիար (xiar)

Armenian: խիար (xiar)

→ Moksha: куяр (kujar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خیار (hıyar)

Turkish: hıyar

→ Tatar: кыяр (qıyar)

→ Turkmen: hyýar

→ Udmurt: кияр (kijar)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭩𐭠𐭥 (xyār). Cognate to Sanskrit क्षीरक (kṣīraka).


صبور

fa-adj

صبور • (sabur) (comparative صبورتَر (sabur-tar), superlative صبورتَرین (sabur-tarin))

sabur (romanization)
صبورتَر (comparative)
صبورتَرین (superlative)

→ Bashkir: сабыр (sabır)


هندوانه

head

هندوانه • (hendevâne) (plural هندوانهها (hendevâne-hâ))

hendevâne (romanization)
هندوانهها (plural)

→ Khalaj: hunduvâna

→ Pashto: هندوانه (hindvāná)

→ Punjabi: hiṉdvāṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਹਿੰਦਵਾਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: ہندواݨہ

By surface analysis, هندو (hendu, “Indian”) + ـانه (-âne).

surf

دو تا هندوانه را با یک دست برداشتن

do tâ hendevâne râ bâ yek dast bardâštan


فرهنگ

head

فَرْهَنْگ • (farhang) (plural فَرهَنگها (farhang-hâ))

فَرْهَنْگ (canonical)
farhang (romanization)
فَرهَنگها (plural)
فرهنگ (singular)
farhang (singular)
فرهنگها (plural)
farhang-hấ (plural)
فرهنگا (colloquial plural)
farhangấ (plural)
فرهنگ را (definite direct-object singular)
farhang râ (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگ رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
farhango (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگها را (definite direct-object plural)
farhang-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
farhangấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگ (ezafe singular)
farhang-e (ezafe singular)
فرهنگهای (ezafe plural)
farhang-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
فرهنگای (colloquial ezafe plural)
farhangấ-ye (ezafe plural)
فرهنگی (definite relative singular)
فرهنگی (indefinite singular stressed)
farhang-i (definite relative singular)
farhang-i (indefinite singular stressed)
فرهنگهایی (definite plural relative)
فرهنگهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
farhangấn-i, farhang-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
farhangấn-i, farhang-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
فرهنگایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
فرهنگایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
farhangấi (definite plural relative)
farhangấi (indefinite plural stressed)
فرهنگم (first-person possessive singular)
farhangam (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگهایم (first-person possessive singular)
farhang-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگهام، فرهنگام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
farhangấm (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگت (possessive second-person singular)
farhangat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
farhanget (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگهایت (possessive second-person singular)
farhang-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگهات، فرهنگات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
farhangất (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگش (possessive singular third-person)
farhangaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
farhangeš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگهایش (possessive singular third-person)
farhang-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگهاش، فرهنگاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
farhangấš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگمان (first-person plural possessive)
farhangemân (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
farhangemun (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
farhang-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگهامون، فرهنگامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
farhangấmun (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
farhangetân (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
farhangetun (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
farhang-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگهاتون، فرهنگاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
farhangấtun (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگشان (plural possessive third-person)
farhangešân (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
farhangešun (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
farhang-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگهاشون، فرهنگاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
farhangấšun (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگ (singular)
farhang (singular)
فرهنگها (plural)
farhang-hā́ (plural)
فرهنگ را (definite direct-object singular)
farhang rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگ ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
farhanga (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگها را (definite direct-object plural)
farhang-hā́ rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
farhangā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگ (singular)
farhang-i (singular)
فرهنگهای (plural)
farhang-hā́-yi (plural)
فرهنگای (Dari colloquial plural)
farhangā́-yi (plural)
فرهنگی (singular)
farhang-ē (singular)
فرهنگهایی (plural)
farhangā́n-ē, farhang-hā́-ē (plural)
فرهنگایی (Dari colloquial plural)
farhangā́-yē (plural)
فرهنگم (first-person possessive singular)
farhangam (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگهایم (first-person possessive singular)
farhang-hā́yam (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگایم (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
farhangā́ym (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگت (possessive second-person singular)
farhangat (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگهایت (possessive second-person singular)
farhang-hā́yat (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگایت (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
farhangā́yt (possessive second-person singular)
فرهنگش (possessive singular third-person)
farhangaš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگشِی (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
farhangšī (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگهایش (possessive singular third-person)
farhang-hā́yaš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگایش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
farhangā́yš (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگمان (first-person plural possessive)
farhangimān (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
farhangimā (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
farhang-hā́yimān (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگایما (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
farhangā́ymā (first-person plural possessive)
فرهنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
farhangitān (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
farhang-hā́yitān (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگایتان (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
farhangā́ytān (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگشان (plural possessive third-person)
farhangišān (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
farhang-hā́yišān (plural possessive third-person)
فرهنگایشان (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
farhangā́yšān (plural possessive third-person)

[fæɹ.hǽɲɡʲ̥]

Deverbal noun of فرهیختن (farhixtan). From Middle Persian plʾhng (/frahang/, “education, knowledge; dictionary”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *θanǰáyati; see there for further information. Compare Old Armenian հրահանգ (hrahang), an Iranian loanword.

inh

نشان فرهنگ و هنر

فرهنگ و تمدن ایران

تکیه بر عقل خود و فرهنگ خویش / بودمان تا این بلا آمد به پیش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 3781:

We relied on our own intelligence and wisdom, so that this tribulation has come to pass.

takye bar 'aql-e xod o farhang-e xiš / bud-emân tâ in balâ âmad be piš


فرهنگ

فَرهَنگ (canonical)
farhang (romanization)

desc

→ Urdu: فَرہَنگ

→ Urdu: فَرہَنگ

[fæɹ.hǽɲɡʲ̥]


مایو

head

مایو • (mâyo)

fa-noun

مایو • (mâyo)

swimming costume, bathing suit, swimsuit


سوسک

سوسک حمام
سوسک حمام#Persian

cockroach; short for سوسک حمام (susk-e hammâm).


عابر بانک

head

عابر بانک • ('âber bânk)


منشی

منشی • (monši) (plural منشیان (monšiân))

monši (romanization)
منشیان (plural)
منشی (singular)
monší (singular)
منشیان (plural)
monšiấn (plural)
منشیا (colloquial plural)
monšiấ (plural)
منشی را (definite direct-object singular)
monší râ (definite direct-object singular)
منشی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
monší ro (definite direct-object singular)
منشیان را (definite direct-object plural)
monšiấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
منشیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
monšiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
منشی (ezafe singular)
monší-ye (ezafe singular)
منشیان (ezafe plural)
monšiấn-e (ezafe plural)
منشیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
monšiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
منشی (definite relative singular)
منشی (indefinite singular stressed)
monší (definite relative singular)
monší (indefinite singular stressed)
منشیانی (definite plural relative)
منشیانی (indefinite plural stressed)
monšiấn-i (definite plural relative)
monšiấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
منشیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
منشیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
monšiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
monšiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ English: munshi

→ Azerbaijani: münşi

خانم مینا شوهرش را در رابطه عاشقانه با منشی اتریشی اش گرفت.

Ms. Mina caught her husband in an affair with her Austrian secretary.


پسته

پسته • (peste) (plural پستهها (peste-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: püstə

→ Bengali: পেস্তা (pesta)

→ Georgian: ფისტა (pisṭa)

→ Gujarati: પિસ્તા (pistā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पिस्ता (pistā)

Urdu: پستہ (pistā)

→ Kazakh: пісте (pıste)

→ Khalaj: pistə

→ Marathi: पिस्ता (pistā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پسته (piste)

→ Pashto: پسته (pistá)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਸਤਾ (pistā)

Shahmukhi script: پستا (pistā)

→ Sindhi: پستو (pisto)

→ Tatar: пестә (pestä)

→ Uzbek: pista

From Middle Persian pstk' (/pistag/, “pistachio nut”), from Old Persian *pistaka, attested as Elamite [Term?] (/pi-iš-tuk-ka₄/, “pistachio nut”). Related to Persian بسته (boste, “nut”), cognate with Sanskrit बुस्त (busta, “husk or shell of fruit”).


رایانه

head

رایانِه • (râyâne) (plural رایانهها (râyâne-hâ))

رایانِه (canonical)
râyâne (romanization)
رایانهها (plural)

[ɹɒː.jɒː.né]

A purist coinage from Middle Persian [script needed] (lʾdyn /rāyēn-/, “to direct; to arrange; to organize”) with suffix ـه (-e), perhaps a calque of French ordinateur.


اتوبوس

head

اُتوبوس • (otobus) (plural اتوبوسها (otobus-hâ))

اُتوبوس (canonical)
otobus (romanization)
اتوبوسها (plural)


بامزه

fa-adj

بامزه • (bâ-maze) (comparative بامزهتَر (bâ-maze-tar), superlative بامزهتَرین (bâ-maze-tarin))

bâ-maze (romanization)
بامزهتَر (comparative)
بامزهتَرین (superlative)


نعناع

head

نعناع • (na'nâ')

fa-noun

نعناع • (na'nâ')


دوچرخه

head

دوچَرْخِه • (dočarxe) (plural دوچرخهها (dočarxe-hâ))

دوچَرْخِه (canonical)
dočarxe (romanization)
دوچرخهها (plural)

[d̪u.t͡ʃʰäɾ.χä]


کامپیوتر

کامْپْیوتِر • (kâmpyuter) (plural کامپیوترها (kâmpyuter-hâ))

کامْپْیوتِر (canonical)
kâmpyuter (romanization)
کامپیوترها (plural)

Fa-کامپیوتر.ogg


بادنجان

بادنجان • (bâdenjân) (plural بادنجانها (bâdenjân-hâ))

bâdenjân (romanization)
بادنجانها (plural)

desc

Tajik: бодинҷон (bodinjon), бодимҷон (bodimjon), боқлаҷон (boqlajon)

→ Arabic: بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), بَاتِنْجَان (bātinjān), بَتِنْجَان (batinjān), بِدِنْجَان (bidinjān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܦܐܬܠܓܢ (pāṯelgān)

→ Azerbaijani: badımcan

→ Northern Kurdish: balîcan, bacan, balîcan, badincan

Northern Kurdish: bacanê

→ Lishana Deni: באגׄאנא (bājāna), בנגׄאנא (banjāna)

Central Kurdish: بادمجان (badimcan), باینجان (bayincan)

→ Lak: бадуржан (baduržan), бадиржан (badiržan)

→ Lezgi: бадамжан (badamžan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بادلجان (bâdlicân), بادنجان (badincan), بادنگان (badingan), پاتلجان (patlıcan), پاطلجان (patlıcan) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: badamjan

→ Urdu: بادنجان (bādinjān, bādanjān)

→ Uyghur: پەتىنگان (petin'gan)

→ Uzbek: baqlajon

→ Zazaki: baincan

[bɑː.d̪ɪn.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪn.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[bɑː.d̪ɪn.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

From earlier بَادِنْگَان (bādingān), an Indo-Aryan borrowing, from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa).


آدرس

head

آدرس • (âdres) (plural آدرسها (âdres-hâ))

آدْرِسِ فِرِسْتَادِه

آدْرِسِ گیرَنْدِه


نوش جان

نوشِ جان! • (nuš-e jân)

نوشِ جان! (canonical)
nuš-e jân (romanization)

[noː.ʃɪ d͡ʒɑːn]

[noː.ʃɪ d͡ʒɑːn]

[noː.ʃɪ d͡ʒɑːn]

to your good health!, cheers! (before any drink including non-alcoholic ones)


زشتی

زشتی • (zešti)

fa-noun

زشتی • (zešti)


فوتبال

head

فوتبال • (futbâl)

fa-noun

فوتبال • (futbâl)

فوتبال آمریکایی ― futbâl âmrikâyi ― American football


جعفری

→ Azerbaijani: cəfəri

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Ja'far ibn Abi Talib

From a Caspian language, probably Mazanderani جفری (jaferi). Cognate with Transoxianan Persian obsolete ژافه (žâfa, “a kind of herb, saffron?”), dialectal زافه (zâfe, “a kind of Persian shallot”), and Sanskrit जवा (javā, “saffron, rose”). Related to زعفران (za'ferân, “saffron”).
It is a misspelling to match to Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib, the prophet’s companion, even though there is no correlation. See also گل لالب بوسی (gol-e lâ lab busi, “Mirabilis jalapa”) which most people recognize as گل لاله عباسی (gol-e lâle 'abbâsi, “the tulip of ʿAbbās”).

/d͡ʒæʔfæˈɾiː/

[d͡ʒæːfæˈɾi]

جعفری دیدم که بر جعفر سوار
جعفری میخورد و از جعفر گذشت
ja'fari didam ke bar ja'far savâr
ja'fari mixord o az ja'far gozašt
I saw a [man named] Ja'far riding on a camel
he was eating parsley and crossed the stream


جعفری

/d͡ʒæʔfæˈɾiː/

[d͡ʒæːfæˈɾi]


کارت

Borrowed from French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs), of further disputed origin.

کارت ملی


کدو

→ Gujarati: કદૂ (kadū)

→ Khalaj: kudı

Uncertain.
Read in Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kaẟō). In Gilaki کوی (kūī, “gourd; bowl, vessel, stop”). Possibly related to Sanskrit कटु (kaṭu, “bitter”), or a variant reflex of کندو (kandū, “beehive; a large clay bin for grain”) extended from Aramaic כּדּא (kaddā), כַּנְדָּא (kandā), from Old Tamil 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁰𑀝𑀺 (kiṇṭi).


کدو

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

کدام کدام#Persian


بهمن

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (whwmn’ /wahman/), from Old Persian *Vahumanah, name of the first Amahraspand (divine deity) in Zoroastrianism, guardian of cattle, in Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (vohu manah). Also showing botanical meanings in Middle Persian, from which Classical Syriac ܒܗܡܢ (bahman) and Arabic بَهْمَن (bahman) are borrowed.

inh

Bahman, the eleventh month of the solar Persian calendar

Name of the second day of any month of the solar Persian calendar


بهمن

behen, which is cultivated for its flowers and bitter, pungent and potent root vegetable


هلو

A Northwestern Iranian doublet of آلو (âlu, “plum”), compare Mazanderani هلی (halī, “plum”), Northern Kurdish hilîk, hilûk, halûk, helûje, hulîk, hulûk, helû, hulû etc., Central Kurdish هەڵووچە (hellûçe), هەڵووژە (hellûje, “plum”).


هلو

fa-adj

هلو • (holu) (comparative هلوتَر (holu-tar), superlative هلوتَرین (holu-tarin))

holu (romanization)
هلوتَر (comparative)
هلوتَرین (superlative)

(chiefly Iran, slang) stunning, sexy, attractive, pretty


هلو

head

هلو • (halô)


ده

From Middle Persian 𐫅𐫍 (dh), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ASLYA /dah/), from Old Persian *daθa, from Proto-Iranian *dáca, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


ده

ده • (deh) (plural دهها (deh-hâ) or دهات (dehât))

deh (romanization)
دهها (plural)
دهات (plural)

→ Gujarati: દિહ (dih)

→ Middle Armenian: դիհ (dih)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (MTA /deh/, “village”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎢 (d-h-y-a-u /dahạyau/), from Proto-Iranian *dáhyuš (“Village”). Compare Old Armenian դեհ (deh), an Iranian borrowing.


ده

دادن دادن#Persian


ده

Colloquial spelling of در (dar, “in, at, within, among”)


شنا

head

شنا • (šenâ)

fa-noun

شنا • (šenâ)

Attested as Middle Persian [script needed] (šnāz, “swimming”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”), compare Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁 (snā) and Sanskrit स्नान (snāna, “bathing”).


عالی

fa-adj

عالی • ('âli) (comparative عالیتَر ('âli-tar), superlative عالیتَرین ('âli-tarin))

'âli (romanization)
عالیتَر (comparative)
عالیتَرین (superlative)

صورتی کو فاخر و عالی بود / او ز بیت الله کی خالی بود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 868:

How should the form [of the Perfect Man], which is splendid and sublime, [ever] be absent from the House of God?

surat-i k-u fâxer o âli bovad / u ze beyt-allâh key xâli bovad

بِسیار عالی اَست.


کفش

Arabic: قفش (qafš)

→ Hindi: कफ़्श (kafś)

Georgian: ქოში (koši)

From Middle Persian kpš (kafš, “shoe”), with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian կօշիկ (kōšik) and Arabic قَفْش (qafš), Iranian loanwords.


قله

head

قله • (qolle) (plural قلهها (qolle-hâ) or قلل (qolal) or قلات (qollât))

qolle (romanization)
قلهها (plural)
قلل (plural)
قلات (plural)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قله
Turkish: kule
→ Bulgarian: кула (kula)
→ Macedonian: кула (kula)
→ Romanian: culă
→ Serbo-Croatian: кула


تنها

fa-adj

تنها • (tanhâ)

→ Azerbaijani: tənha

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तनहा (tanhā)

Urdu: تَنْہا (tanhā)

→ Northern Luri: تںنیا (tənia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تنها

Turkish: tenha

→ Uyghur: تەنھا (tenha)

[t̪ʰän.hɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰän.hɑ́ː]

[t̪ʰæn.hɒ́ː]

From Middle Persian tn'yhʾ (tanīhā). Equivalent to Middle Persian tn' (tan, “body, self”) + yhʾ (īhā).

واسه این دل تنها دیگه مهمون نمیاد

For this lonely heart the guest never comes to visit


همسایه

head

همسایه • (hamsâye) (plural همسایهها (hamsâye-hâ) or همسایگان (hamsâyegân))

hamsâye (romanization)
همسایهها (plural)
همسایگان (plural)

→ Gojri: ہَمْسایو (hamsāyo)

→ Kannauji: हमसाया

desc

→ Middle Hindi: ہمسايہ (hmsayh /hamsāya/)

Hindustani:

Hindi: हमसाया (hamsāyā)

Urdu: ہَمْسایَہ (hamsāya)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਮਸਾਇਆ (hamsāiā)

Shahmukhi script: ہَمسایَہ (hamsāyah)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmsʾdk' /hamsāyag/, “neighbour”), whence also Old Armenian համսայեակ (hamsayeak). By surface analysis, هم (ham, “same”) + سایه (sâye, “shadow, shade”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish hevsî (“neighbour”), Talysh hamusiyə (“neighbour”).

surface analysis

کشور همسایه ایران

گر چه در خود خانه نوری یافته ست
آن ز همسایهی منور تافته ست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3256:

Although the house (your heart) has found a light within it,
that (light) has shone forth from an illumined neighbour.

gar či dar xōd xāna nūr-ī yāfta-st
ān za hamsāya-i-munavvar tāfta-st


عذاب

head

عذاب • (azâb)

fa-noun

عذاب • (azâb)

→ Bengali: আজাব (ajab), আযাব (ajab)

→ Bashkir: ғазап (ğazap)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अज़ाब (azāb)

desctree

Urdu: عَذَاب ('azāb)
→ Phalura: azaáb
→ Ushojo: عذاب

→ Kazakh: азап (azap)

→ Kyrgyz: азап (azap)

→ Tatar: газап (ğazap)

→ Turkmen: azap

→ Uyghur: ئازاپ (azap)

→ Uzbek: azob

Etymology tree
Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb)bor.
Persian عذاب
Borrowed from Arabic عَذَاب (ʕaḏāb).


ابری

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ابری (abrī)

→ Late Ottoman Turkish: ابرو (ebru)

Turkish: ebru

→ English: ebru

a decorated paper known as marbled paper in English


ابری

fa-adj

ابری • (abri) (comparative ابریتَر (abri-tar), superlative ابریتَرین (abri-tarin))

abri (romanization)
ابریتَر (comparative)
ابریتَرین (superlative)

آسمون ابریه اما دیگه بارون نمیاد

The sky's cloudy but the rain isn't coming anymore

کاغذ ابری

نقش ابری

مایع ابری

the liquid substance used in ebru technique

made using or related to the ebru technique


اسفناج

head

اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناجها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))

esfanâj (romanization)
esfenâj (romanization)
اسفناجها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج (ʔisfanāj), إِسْفَانَاج (ʔisfānāj), سَبَانَغ (sabānaḡ), سَبَانَج (sabānaj)
Andalusian Arabic: إِسْفِنَاج (isfināj), إِسْبِنَاج (isbināj), إِسْبِنَاخ (isbināḵ)
→ Aragonese: espinai
→ Catalan: espinac
→ Occitan: espinac, espinarc (influenced by french)
→ Portuguese: espinafre
→ Spanish: espinaca
→ Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina (“thorn”))
→ Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον (spinákion), σπανάκιν (spanákin), σπινάκι (spináki)
Greek: σπανάκι (spanáki), σπανάκιον (spanákion)
→ Bulgarian: спанак (spanak)
→ Romanian: spanac
→ Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać
→ Italian: spinacio, spinace (uncommon)
→ Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)
German: Spinat
→ Kashubian: szpinat
→ Russian: шпинат (špinat)
→ Bashkir: шпинат (şpinat)
→ Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt
→ Ukrainian: шпина́т (špynát)
→ Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces
French: épinard, (obsolete) epinart
→ English: spinach, (obsolete) spinage
→ Irish: spionáiste
→ Sicilian: spinacia

→ Georgian: ისპანახი (isṗanaxi)

→ Middle Armenian: սպանախ (spanax), ասպանախ (aspanax), սպաննախ (spannax)
Armenian: սպանախ (spanax)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفناج (isfinâj), اسپناخ (ispenâh), اسفاناخ (isfânâh)

→ Turkic:

Azerbaijani: ispanaq

Kipchak:

Kipchak: yspanac

Ottoman Turkish: اسپانق, اسپناق, اسپاناق (ispanak, ıspanak), اسپاناك, اسپناك (ispanâk)

Turkish: ıspanak

Turkmen: ysmanak

Kulturwort of Iranian origin. According to Asatrian, there were probably two forms in late Middle Iranian, *ispanāg (or *ispināg) and (the dialectal) *ispanāx (or *ispināx), yielding Arabized forms إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj) and إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ), which were popularized in Persian and Arabic, respectively (alternative forms with پ (p) are directly from Middle Iranian). The Old Iranian form would be *spināka-, *spinaka- (compare Northern Kurdish sping), from the root *spin- (Northwestern Iranian), *sin- (Southwestern Iranian), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian *spai- (*spi-), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”) (*spi-), which are also reflected in Latin spina, Persian سنجد (senjed), Ossetian сындз (synʒ), синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”), Baluchi [script needed] (šinž), Central Iranian šeng, Kermani šank (“thorn”). Also akin to Semnani esbenāγa.
According to Cabolov, related to Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”) and Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”).

cog

من سپاناخ تو با هرچم پزی
 یا ترشبا یا که شیرین میسزی

man sipānāx tō bā harčam pazī
 yā turš-bā yā ka šīrīn mī-sazī


انتها

head

انتها • (entehâ) (plural انتهاها (entehâ-hâ))

entehâ (romanization)
انتهاها (plural)
انتها (singular)
entehấ (singular)
انتهاها (plural)
entehâ-hấ (plural)
انتها را (definite direct-object singular)
entehấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
انتها رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
entehấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
انتهاها را (definite direct-object plural)
entehâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
انتهاها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
entehâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
انتهای (ezafe singular)
entehấ-ye (ezafe singular)
انتهاهای (ezafe plural)
entehâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
انتهایی (definite relative singular)
انتهایی (indefinite singular stressed)
entehấ-i (definite relative singular)
entehấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
انتهاهایی (definite plural relative)
انتهاهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
entehâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
entehâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
انتهایم (first-person possessive singular)
entehấyam (first-person possessive singular)
انتهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
entehấm (first-person possessive singular)
انتهاهایم (first-person possessive singular)
entehâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
انتهاهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
entehâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
انتهایت (possessive second-person singular)
entehấyat (possessive second-person singular)
انتهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
entehất (possessive second-person singular)
انتهاهایت (possessive second-person singular)
entehâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
انتهاهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
entehâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
انتهایش (possessive singular third-person)
entehấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
انتهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
entehấš (possessive singular third-person)
انتهاهایش (possessive singular third-person)
entehâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
انتهاهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
entehâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
انتهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
entehấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
انتهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
entehấmun (first-person plural possessive)
انتهاهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
entehâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
انتهاهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
entehâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
انتهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
entehấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
انتهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
entehấtun (plural possessive second-person)
انتهاهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
entehâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
انتهاهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
entehâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
انتهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
entehấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
انتهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
entehấšun (plural possessive third-person)
انتهاهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
entehâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
انتهاهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
entehâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː]

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

انتهاء انتهاء#Persian


پیاز

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پیاز • (piyâz) (plural پیازها (piyâz-hâ))

→ Assamese: পিয়াঁজ (piãz)

→ Bengali: পেঁয়াজ (pẽẏaj)

→ Gujarati: પ્યાજ (pyāj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: प्याज़ (pyāz)

Urdu: پیاز (pyāz)

→ Kazakh: пияз (piäz)

→ Kyrgyz: пияз (piyaz)

→ Maithili: पेआजु (pēājʉ)

→ Magahi: 𑂣𑂵𑂄𑂔𑂳 (peāju)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਆਜ਼ (piāza)

Shahmukhi script: پیاز (peyāz)

→ Uyghur: پىياز (piyaz)

→ Uzbek: piyoz

→ Chinese: 皮芽子, 皮牙子 (píyázi)

Inherited from Proto-Iranian; compare Sogdian [script needed] (pyʾk /piyāk/, “onion”), Khotanese pau (“onion”). Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ-; compare Ancient Greek πικρός (pikrós, “bitter”).


فکر

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فکر • (fekr) (plural افکار (afkâr) or فکرها (fekr-hâ))

fekr (romanization)
افکار (plural)
فکرها (plural)

Dari: فِکْر (fikr)

Iranian Persian: فِکْر (fekr)

Tajik: фикр (fikr)

→ Bengali: ফিকির (fikir)

→ Gujarati: ફિકર (phikar)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: फिकरि (phikari)
Hindustani:
Hindi: फ़िक्र (fikr), फ़िकर (fikar)
Urdu: فِکْر (fikr)

→ Marathi: फिकीर (phikīr)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਿਕਰ (fikar)

Shahmukhi script: فِکر (fikr)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: فِڪرُ

Devanagari script: फ़िकिरु


ببر

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ببر • (babr) (plural ببرها (babr-hâ) or ببران (babrân))

babr (romanization)
ببرها (plural)
ببران (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बबर (babar)

Urdu: ببر

→ Khalaj: bəbr

→ Russian: бабр (babr)

→ Yakut: баабыр (baabır)

→ Tajik: бабр (babr)

* From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger, lion, panther”), ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (urbarra, literally “outside dog, wild predator”) likely inherited from an Old Persian form, becoming semantically specified from the more general "wild predators".
* From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger”), dubiously connected to Proto-Indo-Iranian *wy(H)āgʰrás. Cognate with Sanskrit व्याघ्र (vyāghrá) and related to Old Armenian վագր (vagr) and Old Georgian ვიგრი (vigri) (both loanwords from Iranian).


قشنگ

fa-adj

قَشَنْگ • (ğašang) (comparative قَشَنْگتَر (ğašang-tar), superlative قَشَنْگتَرین (ğašang-tarin))

قَشَنْگ (canonical)
ğašang (romanization)
قَشَنْگتَر (comparative)
قَشَنْگتَرین (superlative)
قشنگم (first-person predicative singular)
qašangam (first-person predicative singular)
قشنگیم (first-person plural predicative)
qašangim (first-person plural predicative)
قشنگی (predicative second-person singular)
qašangi (predicative second-person singular)
قشنگید (plural predicative second-person)
qašangid (plural predicative second-person)
قشنگین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
qašangin (plural predicative second-person)
قشنگ است (predicative singular third-person)
qašang ast (predicative singular third-person)
قشنگه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
qašange (predicative singular third-person)
قشنگند (plural predicative third-person)
qašangand (plural predicative third-person)
قشنگن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
qašangan (plural predicative third-person)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: qəşəng
→ Armenian: ղաշանգ (ġašang)

→ Khalaj: qəşəng

→ Turkish: kaşenk

→ Urdu: قَشَن٘گ (qaśaṅg)

From Sogdian ʾγšnk- ((ə)xšank, “beautiful”), related to Proto-Iranian *gr̥šáti (“to rejoice, be happy”).


گیلاس

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گیلاس • (gilâs) (plural گیلاسها (gilâs-hâ))

gilâs (romanization)
گیلاسها (plural)
گیلاس (singular)
gilâs (singular)
گیلاسها (plural)
gilâs-hấ (plural)
گیلاسا (colloquial plural)
gilâsấ (plural)
گیلاس را (definite direct-object singular)
gilâs râ (definite direct-object singular)
گیلاس رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
gilâso (definite direct-object singular)
گیلاسها را (definite direct-object plural)
gilâs-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
گیلاسا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
gilâsấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
گیلاس (ezafe singular)
gilâs-e (ezafe singular)
گیلاسهای (ezafe plural)
gilâs-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گیلاسای (colloquial ezafe plural)
gilâsấ-ye (ezafe plural)
گیلاسی (definite relative singular)
گیلاسی (indefinite singular stressed)
gilâs-i (definite relative singular)
gilâs-i (indefinite singular stressed)
گیلاسهایی (definite plural relative)
گیلاسهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
gilâsấn-i, gilâs-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
gilâsấn-i, gilâs-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
گیلاسایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
گیلاسایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
gilâsấi (definite plural relative)
gilâsấi (indefinite plural stressed)
گیلاسم (first-person possessive singular)
gilâsam (first-person possessive singular)
گیلاسهایم (first-person possessive singular)
gilâs-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
گیلاسهام، گیلاسام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
gilâsấm (first-person possessive singular)
گیلاست (possessive second-person singular)
gilâsat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gilâset (possessive second-person singular)
گیلاسهایت (possessive second-person singular)
gilâs-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
گیلاسهات، گیلاسات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
gilâsất (possessive second-person singular)
گیلاسش (possessive singular third-person)
gilâsaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gilâseš (possessive singular third-person)
گیلاسهایش (possessive singular third-person)
gilâs-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
گیلاسهاش، گیلاساش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
gilâsấš (possessive singular third-person)
گیلاسمان (first-person plural possessive)
gilâsemân (first-person plural possessive)
گیلاسمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gilâsemun (first-person plural possessive)
گیلاسهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
gilâs-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
گیلاسهامون، گیلاسامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
gilâsấmun (first-person plural possessive)
گیلاستان (plural possessive second-person)
gilâsetân (plural possessive second-person)
گیلاستون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gilâsetun (plural possessive second-person)
گیلاسهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
gilâs-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
گیلاسهاتون، گیلاساتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
gilâsấtun (plural possessive second-person)
گیلاسشان (plural possessive third-person)
gilâsešân (plural possessive third-person)
گیلاسشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gilâsešun (plural possessive third-person)
گیلاسهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
gilâs-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
گیلاسهاشون، گیلاساشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
gilâsấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Armenian: գիլաս (gilas)

→ Azerbaijani: gilas

→ Northern Kurdish: gêlaz

→ Uyghur: گىلاس (gilas)

[ɡʲiː.lɒ́ːs]


گیلاس

گیلاس • (gilâs or gêlâs) (plural گیلاسها (gilâs-hâ))

gilâs (romanization)
gêlâs (romanization)
گیلاسها (plural)

Borrowed from Hindustani گلاس / गिलास (gilās), from English glass.

یَک گیلاس اَو بالایِ میز است (more colloquial)