لاستیک

head

لاستیک • (lâstik)

fa-noun

لاستیک • (lâstik)

[lɒːs.t̪ʰíːkʲ]

لاستیک ماشین پنچر شد.


گلیم

head

گلیم • (gelim) (plural گلیمها (gelim-hâ))

→ Bashkir: келәм (keləm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गिलीम (gilīm)

Urdu: گلیم (gilīm)

→ Kazakh: кілем (kılem)

→ Khalaj: gelîm

→ Kyrgyz: килем (kilem)

→ Uzbek: gilam

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلیم (kilim, “carpet, rug”)
Turkish: kilim
→ Albanian: qilim, qylym
→ Armenian: քիլիմ (kʻilim)
→ Arabic: كِلِيم (kilīm)
→ Belarusian: кілі́м (kilím)
→ Lithuanian: kilimas
→ Bulgarian: кили́м (kilím)
→ Greek: κιλίμι (kilími)
→ Macedonian: ќилим (ḱilim)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: килим (kilim)
→ Romanian: chilim
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћѝлим
Latin script: ćìlim
→ Ukrainian: ки́лим (kýlym)

Akin to Aramaic גלימא (galīmā, “blanket, garment, cloth”), both from Ancient Greek κάλυμμα (kálumma, “cover, top, covering”) derived from καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”).

der

a rug or carpet made out of coarse material, kilim


گز

→ Middle Armenian: գազ (gaz), կազ (kaz)

→ Azerbaijani: gəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez

→ Crimean Tatar: gez

table
From Middle Persian [script needed] (gc /gaz/, “tamarisk”). Compare Old Armenian գազ (gaz, “milkvetch”), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual


خالی

fa-adj

خالی • (xâli)

→ Assamese: খালী (khali)

→ Bengali: খালি (khali)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ाली (xālī)

Urdu: خالی (xālī)

→ Phalura: xaalí, خالیۡ

→ Sylheti: ꠈꠣꠟꠤ (xáli)

→ Telugu: ఖాళీ (khāḷī)

Borrowed from Arabic خَالٍ (ḵālin).
table

بشقاب خالی

خالی از توهّم


دفتر

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دفتر • (daftar) (plural دفترها (daftar-hâ) or دفاتر (dafâter))

daftar (romanization)
دفترها (plural)
دفاتر (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਫ਼ਤਰ (daftar)

Shahmukhi script: دفتر (daftar)

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪æf.t̪ʰǽɹ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dptl /daftar/), from Aramaic דפתרא / ܕܦܬܪܐ, from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra). The learned plural دفاتر (dafâter) is re-borrowed from Arabic.

inh

دفتر خاطرات روزانه
daftar-e xâterât-e ruzâne
personal journal
(literally, “notebook of daily thoughts”)

بشوی اوراق اگر همدرس مایی
که علم عشق در دفتر نباشد
bišōy awrāq agar hamdars-i mā-yī

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 162”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]

Wash away the pages if you are our classmate,
For the science of love is not in the notebooks.
(Classical Persian transliteration)


مرمر

→ Azerbaijani: mərmər

→ Bashkir: мәрмәр (mərmər)

→ Karachay-Balkar: мәрмәр

→ Kazakh: мәрмәр (märmär)

→ Northern Kurdish: mermer

desc

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرمر (mermer)

Turkish: mermer

→ Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਮਰ (marmar)

Shahmukhi script: مرمر (marmar)

→ Tatar: мәрмәр (märmär), märmär

→ Turkmen: mermer

→ Uyghur: مەرمەر (mermer)

→ Uzbek: marmar


ریگ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyk' /rēg/, “sand”). According to Korn, ultimately inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


کرس

From Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (kīru), from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “oven, kiln”).


آخیز

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آخیز • (âxiz)

fa-noun

آخیز • (âxiz)

From dialectal Armenian *աղիս (*aġis), from Old Armenian աղիւս (ałiws, “brick”). The borrowing reflects the late pronunciation of ղ (ł).


زغر

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


ماسه

head

ماسِه • (mâse)

fa-noun

ماسِه • (mâse)


تلیسه

Related to تله (tale, “bag”), via possibly Old Armenian թաղ (tʻał, “felt”) of Kartvelian origin, see there for further information.

an oblong piece of cloth which can be either prostrated for a horse blanket or stitched together for a double saddlebag


آزبست

head

آزبست • (âzbest)

fa-noun

آزبست • (âzbest)


خز

→ Arabic: خَزّ (ḵazz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hz /xaz/, “marten”). See also Armenian ախազ (axaz).


جوال

head

جوال • (juvâl)

→ Arabic: جُوَال (juwāl)

→ Azerbaijani: çuval, çual (dialectal)

→ Georgian: ჯვალო (ǯvalo)

→ Middle Armenian: ջուալ (ǰual), ջվալ (ǰval)

Armenian: ջվալ (ǰval)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چوال (çuval)
> Turkish: çuval (inherited)
→ Arabic: جُوَال (juwāl), شُوَال (šuwāl)
→ Armenian: չուվալ (čʻuval), չվալ (čʻval)
→ Bulgarian: чува́л (čuvál)
→ Crimean Tatar: çuval
→ Karaim: чувал (çuval)
→ Urum: чувал (çuval)

→ Russian: чува́л (čuvál) (via Turkic)

Bo Utas
Frahang-i Pahlavig
H.S. Nyberg
sv:Christopher Toll

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywbʾl), [Book Pahlavi needed] (jwbʾl), [Book Pahlavi needed] (jwʾl). The last two have been alternatively read as [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwbʾl), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwʾl).
Further origin disputed. Perhaps from Old Iranian *yawa-barθra-, a compound of *yáwah (“barley; cereal, grain”) with a derivative of *bárati (“to bear”). Alternatively, we are dealing with verbal forms related to Persian گوالیدن (guvâlidan, “to grow, to increase”).
See Arabic شَلَّاق (šallāq) and جُلّ (jull) for related forms.

unk

disputed


رخت

→ Arabic: رَخْت (raḵt)

desc

→ Armenian: ռախտ (ṙaxt), ռախթ (ṙaxtʻ), ըռախտ (əṙaxt)

→ Azerbaijani: rəxt

→ Georgian: რახტი (raxṭi)

→ Bats: რახტ (raxṭ)

→ Mazanderani: رخت (raxt)

→ Northern Kurdish: rext

According to Bailey, from the root Proto-Iranian *rak- (“to prepare clothes”), from Proto-Indo-European *rek-, whence Sanskrit रच् (rac, “to make, fashion”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (lyhtk /raxtak/, “clothes”), Khotanese [script needed] (raha-, “dress”) and the Chinese 絡鞮／络鞮 (luòdī, “Iranian shoes”).
The meaning “right, true” is contaminated from راست (râst) due to the idea of a correctly furnitured house.

cog

apparatus, goods and chattels of a household

rugs, blankets, tapestry, even horse blankets

(figurative) splendour or rays or beams of the Sun or Moon


رخت

Inherited from Proto-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-. Akin to Old Armenian երախտիք (eraxtikʻ), an Iranian borrowing.


نورد

Prefixed form of Middle Persian [script needed] (wlt- /ward-/, “to turn”), whence گرد (gard, “round; circular”). See there for more. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nwrt- /nəwart-/, “to turn thither”).

cog

cylindrical tool used in rolling things:


کتان

head

کتان • (katân)

fa-noun

کتان • (katân)

→ Middle Armenian: քթան (kʻtʻan)

Armenian: քթան (kʻtʻan)

→ Armenian: քաթան (kʻatʻan)

→ Gujarati: કતાન (katān)

flax (the plant or fibers of Linum usitatissimum)

شلوار کتان

linen (thread or cloth made from flax fiber)


رخام

head

رخام • (roxâm)

fa-noun

رخام • (roxâm)


مخمل

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मख़मल (maxmal)

Urdu: مخمل (maxmal)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਖਮਲ (makhmal)

Shahmukhi script: مخمل (maxmal)


سندروس

Borrowed from Arabic سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs).


گرچ

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیرچ (kireç), كیرج (kirec), كرچ (kireç), كرج (kirec)
Turkish: kireç
→ Bulgarian: кире́ч (kiréč)
→ Laz: ქერეჭი (kereç̌i)
→ Macedonian: креч (kreč)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кре̏ч
Latin script: krȅč

Borrowed from Aramaic גִּירָא (gīrā), from Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (gīru, kīru, “kiln”), from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “kiln”).


دیبا

head

دیبا • (dêbâ)

fa-noun

دیبا • (dêbâ)

→ Georgian: დიბა (diba)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیبا (diba)

Turkish: diba

→ Serbo-Croatian: díba

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dypʾk' /dēbāg/, “brocade”), probably a derivative of Proto-Iranian *diHp- (“to shine, light up”), due to the sheen imparted by the gold and silver in traditional brocades; see Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, to glow”) for more on the root. Compare also the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դիպակ (dipak), Classical Syriac ܕܝܒܓܐ (dybgʾ /dēybāḡā/), Arabic دِيبَاج (dībāj).


قوری

→ Gulf Arabic: غوري (ǧūri)

→ Malay: guri / ݢوري (“small waterpot with a spout”)

Indonesian: guri

Altered, since this is spoken in Modern Iranian Persian identically, from غوری (ğôri, “a sort of porcelain”), from Japanese 屈輪, 倶利 (guri, “a kind of curved lacquer design used in 堆朱 (tsuishu, “red lacquer carving”) and 堆黒 (tsuikoku, “black lacquer carving”)”).


مینو

→ Urdu: مینو (mīnū)

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫇𐫃 (mynwg /mēnōg/, “the spiritual world, the intangible world”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (maⁱniiu, “spirit”). Doublet of مینا (minâ), from the Middle Persian’s Arabic descendant.

collapse

In Zoroastrianism

In Zoroastrianism, mēnōg is the antonym of gētīg (“the physical world, the tangible world”), modern گیتی (giti, “world”). The spiritual realm of mēnōg has existed eternally, but the good god Ohrmazd created the physical world of gētīg, where humans currently live, as an arena to permanently defeat the evil god Ahriman. The opposition between these two terms did not survive into Islam, although see early quotations such as the one given below.
The Arabic loan suggests that already in Middle Persian, the word could mean "emerald" or "glass" as intangible and ethereal substances, although this is not directly attested.


نیفه

head

نیفه • (nêfa)

fa-noun

نیفه • (nêfa)

→ Punjabi: ਨੇਫ਼ਾ (nefā)

From Middle Persian, whence also Arabic نَيْفَق (nayfaq), related to نافه (nâfa, “musk bag, gland of the musk deer”), ناف (nâf, “navel”). The meaning development is “musk bag”, “drawstring bag”, “any such fastening”, “particularly such at trousers”.

the top middle area of a pair of trousers or drawers where a cord goes through to support the two legs, waistband or a certain part thereof


کما

→ Translingual: Ferula kuma

Borrowed from Aramaic קוֹמָּא (qommā) / ܩܘܡܐ (qommā, “acacia gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “acacia gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).
table

der

(modernly employed for) various Ferula and what is now Dorema species


انزروت

desctree

→ Arabic: عَنْزَرُوت (ʕanzarūt), أَنْزَرُوت (ʔanzarūt)
→ Old French: anserout
Middle French: anserout, ansarot, anserot
→ Old Spanish: anzarote, azarote, anzarot, ansarote, ansarot, anxarot, anzaroth
Medieval Latin: acarud, acarudus
→ Ottoman Turkish: عنزروت (anzerut)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܥܢܙܪܘܬ (ʕanzarūṯ), ܐܢܙܪܘܬ (ʔanzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܬ (ʔīzarūṯ), ܐܝܙܪܘܝ (ʔīzarūy), ܐܙܪܘܝ (ʔəzzarūy), ܥܙܪܘܝ (ʕəzzarūy), ܐܢܙܪܘܝ (ʔanzarūy)

→ Middle Armenian: անծրութ (ancrutʻ)

Armenian: անձրութ (anjrutʻ)

→ Old Catalan: angelot

→ Old Provençal: angelot

→ Coptic: ⲁⲛⲥⲁⲣⲱⲑ (ansarōth)

→ Old Italian: angerutto

→ Ottoman Turkish: انزروت (enzerut)

Turkish: anzarot

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔän.zä.ɾúːt̪]

[ʔæn.zæ.ɹúːt̪]

sarcocolla (resin of A. sarcocolla and a few similar shrubs)


حلتیت

Borrowed from Arabic حِلْتِيت (ḥiltīt, “asafoetida”), itself from Aramaic חלתיתא (ḥeltīṯā, “asafoetida”).

bor+

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

hing, devil's dung (Ferula assa-foetida)


کماشیر

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کماشیر • (kamâšir)

fa-noun

کماشیر • (kamâšir)

desc

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

→ Arabic: كَمَاشِير (kamāšīr)

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɑː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰä.mɔː.ʃeːɾ]

[kʰʲæ.mɒː.ʃiːɹ]

an opopanax-like gum from a certain umbelliferous plant


زربفت

→ Middle Armenian: զարպապ (zarpap), զարբաբ (zarbab), զարբաֆ (zarbaf)

Armenian: զարբաբ (zarbab), զառբաբ (zaṙbab), զառբաֆ (zaṙbaf), զարբաֆ (zarbaf), զարպաֆ (zarpaf)

→ Azerbaijani: zərbaft, zərbaf

→ Ottoman Turkish: زربفت (zerbeft), زرباف (zerbaf)

From زر (zar, “gold”) + بافت (bâft, “woven”).


میشین

head

میشین • (mišin)

fa-noun

میشین • (mišin)

→ Azerbaijani: meşin

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مشین (meşin), մէշին (meşin) — Armeno-Turkish
→ Armenian: մեշին (mešin)
Turkish: meşin


دارایی

head

دارایی • (dârâyi) (plural داراییها (dârâyi-hâ))

→ Armenian: դարայի (darayi)

→ Azerbaijani: darayı

→ Chagatai: دارای (daray)

→ Georgian: დარაია (daraia)

→ Kyrgyz: дарай (daray)

→ Old Polish: daraj (via Turkic)

desc

→ Middle Russian: дороги (dorogi), дараги (daragi), дораги (doragi), дарага (daraga), дорога (doroga) (via Turkic)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دارایی (darayi)

→ Russian: дара́й (daráj) (via Turkic)

→ Tatar: дарай (daray)

→ Chuvash: тарай (taraj)

→ Eastern Mari: тарай (taraj)

[dɑː.ɾɑː.ˈjiː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jíː]

[d̪ɔː.ɾɔː.jí]

[d̪ɒː.ɹɒː.jíː]

a red silken stuff, similar to ikat in Southeast Asia


کمخا

kamxâ (romanization)
kemxâ (romanization)

→ Armenian: քամխա (kʻamxa)

→ Armeno-Kipchak: քամխա (kʻamxa) (possibly via Old Polish)

→ Crimean Tatar: кимха (kimha)

→ Georgian: ქამხა (kamxa), ხამხა (xamxa)

→ Middle Armenian: քեմխայ (kʻemxay), քիմխայ (kʻimxay), քիմհայ (kʻimhay)

→ Old East Slavic: камка (kamka) (via Turkic)

Russian: камка́ (kamká)

→ Kazakh: қамқа (qamqa)

→ Kyrgyz: камка (kamka)

→ Old Polish: kamcha, chamcha, kamka (via Turkic)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمخا (kemha, kimha)

Turkish: kemha

→ Romanian: camhă

→ Tatar: камка (qamka)

Of Chinese origin; cf. Middle Chinese 錦花 (MC kimX xwae, “brocade-pattern”).


باریجه

head

باریجه • (bârije)

fa-noun

باریجه • (bârije)


زیلو

zilu (romanization)
zêlu (romanization)
zaylu (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: زُولِيَّة (zūliyya), زُلِيَّة (zuliyya); زِلِّيَّة (zilliyya); زُلِيّ (zuliyy); زِلِيّ (ziliyy) — obsolete, uncommon

→ Azerbaijani: zili (Ağdam, Borçalı, Qazax)

→ Lezgi: зили (zili)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیلو (zilu)


ختو

Tenth century, via Karakhanid خُتُو (χutū) from Middle Chinese 骨咄 (MC kwot twot|twat), from Khitan 榾柮犀 (MC kwot twot|dzwat sej) recorded in the History of Liao.

horn of narwhal, walrus and certain such animals


شوشتری

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شوشتری • (šuštari)

desc

→ Armenian: շո̈ւշտա̈րի (šüštäri)

→ Armenian: շո̈ւշտա̈րի (šüštäri)

→ Azerbaijani: şüştəri

→ Georgian: შუშტარი (šušṭari)


بیده

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بیده • (bīda)

fa-noun

بیده • (bīda)

table
Also Pashto بيده (bēdá) in the same meaning. The same root as in Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”), extension of Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to wind”).

der

2015, غلامرضا داشاب, علی اصغر اسلمی نژاد, محمدرضا نصیری, علی اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه, داود علی ساقی, “بررسی فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و محیطی بر وزن بیده و خصوصیات الیاف پشم گوسفند بلوچی”, in نشریه پژوهش و سازندگی [Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi], volume 28, number 107, →DOI, pages 87–100:

2022, ملیکا صمد پور, سعید حسنی, مجنبی آذری آهنی, فاطمه بحری بیناباج, علیرضا خان احمدی, “تجزیه و تحلیل ژنتیکی خصوصیات بیده پشم گوسفندان بلوچی و ایران بلک”, in در نشخوار کنندگان, volume 10, number 3, →DOI, pages 111–126:

(Dari) fleece, an amount of wool cut from a sheep


دوال

head

دوال • (davâl)

fa-noun

دوال • (davâl)

From earlier دوبال (dō-bāl), from دو (dō, “two”) + بال (bāl, “wing”).


کرباس

head

کرباس • (karbâs)

fa-noun

کرباس • (karbâs)

[kʰʲæɹ.bɒːs]

Inherited from Middle Persian, from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa).


کسنی

کَسنی (canonical)
کِسنی (canonical)
kasni (romanization)
kesni (romanization)

q

→ Arabic: قَسْنِيّ (qasniyy) (but claimed in Persian dictionaries, not Arabic sources)

→ Middle Mongol: 哈音昵 (xa-si-ni)

From Ğaznī in Zābulistān said to be the home of the plant.