مؤذن

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


مترجم

head

مُتَرجِم • (motarjem) (plural مُتَرجِمان (motarjemân) or مُتَرجِمین (motarjemin) or مُتَرجِمها (motarjem-hâ))

مُتَرجِم (canonical)
motarjem (romanization)
مُتَرجِمان (plural)
مُتَرجِمین (plural)
مُتَرجِمها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim).


نجار

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: نجار (najjār)

[nad͡ʒ.ˈd͡ʒɑːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ːɾ]

[næd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɒ́ːɹ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ɾ]


کشتی

head

کُشْتی • (košti)

fa-noun

کُشْتی • (košti)

→ Middle Bengali: কুশ্তি (kuśti)

Bengali: কুস্তি (kusti)

→ Gujarati: કુસ્તી (kustī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कुश्ती (kuśtī)

Urdu: کشتی (kuśtī)

→ Kannada: ಕುಸ್ತಿ (kusti)

→ Malayalam: ഗുസ്തി (gusti)

→ Marathi: कुस्ती (kustī)

→ Punjabi: kuśtī

Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਸ਼ਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: کُشتی

→ Malay: gusti
Indonesian: gusti

fa:کشتی (ورزش)

Borrowed from Parthian *kuštīg, from Proto-Iranian *kušti-, a t-extension of Proto-Iranian *kuši- (“side (of the body)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kuḱis (“(female) pubic hair; vulva”), from *kew-k-, from *kew- (“to be concave or convex”). Doublet of کستی (kosti, “sacred Zoroastrian waist-girdle”), which was inherited, as well as with کس (kos, “vulva”); outside of Iranian, cognate with Sanskrit कुक्षि (kukṣi, “belly, interior, womb”) and Lithuanian kūšỹs (“pubic hair; vulva”).


تفنگ

head

تفنگ • (tofang) (plural تفنگها (tofang-hâ))

→ Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुफ़ंग (tufaṅg)

Urdu: تفنگ (tufáng)

→ Kermanic:

Abuzeydabadi: tafang

Abyanehi: tofang

Hanjani, Yarandi: tefeng

→ Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)

→ Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)

[t̪ʰu.fäŋɡ̥]

[t̪ʰo.fæɲɡʲ̥]

Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

Borrowed most likely from Chagatai or Khorezmian Turkic and borrowed at least semantically also from Ottoman Turkish تفنك (tüfenk), cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in the Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe propelling pebbles to kill birds, so called by onomatopoeia mimicking the sound made when it is puffed: Tüf! See Azerbaijani tüfəng for cognates. The terminus ante quem the tüfenk in the meaning of a matchlock-gun has resounded in Persian lands is the end of the Battle of Çaldıran where the Safavids incurred resounding defeat because of the Ottoman use of – then expensive – firearms to devastate the Persians as resolutely as never before because of the new Shia threat.


سلطان

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))

سُلْطان (canonical)
soltân (romanization)
سلاطین (plural)
سلطانها (plural)

→ Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)

→ Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)

→ Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुल्तान (sultān)

Urdu: سلطان (sultān)

→ Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)

→ Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)

desctree

→ Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
Gujarati: સરતાણ (sartāṇ), સુલતાન (sultān)
Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)

desc

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Tatar: солтан (soltan)

→ Turkmen: soltan

→ Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)

→ Uzbek: sulton

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?

juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast


فیل

head

فیل • (fil) (plural فیلها (fil-hâ) or فیلان (filân))

fil (romanization)
فیلها (plural)
فیلان (plural)

→ Bashkir: фил (fil)

→ Yagnobi: фил (fil)

→ Chechen: пийл (piı̇l)

→ Georgian: ჶილი (fili) — Fereydan

→ Hindi: फ़ील (fīl)

→ Kazakh: піл (pıl)

→ Kyrgyz: пил (pil)

→ Northern Kurdish: fîl

→ Pashto: پيل (pil)

→ Tajik: фил (fil)

→ Tatar: фил (fil)

→ Turkmen: pil

→ Urdu: فیل (fīl)

→ Uyghur: پىل (pil)

→ Uzbek: fil

Borrowed from Arabic فِيل (fīl), itself from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), ultimately from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (/pīru/). Doublet of پیل (pil).


سوراخ

سوراخ • (surâx) (plural سوراخها (surâx-hâ))

surâx (romanization)
سوراخها (plural)
سوراخ (singular)
surâx (singular)
سوراخها (plural)
surâx-hấ (plural)
سوراخا (colloquial plural)
surâxấ (plural)
سوراخ را (definite direct-object singular)
surâx râ (definite direct-object singular)
سوراخ رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
surâxo (definite direct-object singular)
سوراخها را (definite direct-object plural)
surâx-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
سوراخا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
surâxấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سوراخ (ezafe singular)
surâx-e (ezafe singular)
سوراخهای (ezafe plural)
surâx-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوراخای (colloquial ezafe plural)
surâxấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سوراخی (definite relative singular)
سوراخی (indefinite singular stressed)
surâx-i (definite relative singular)
surâx-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سوراخهایی (definite plural relative)
سوراخهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
surâxấn-i, surâx-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
surâxấn-i, surâx-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سوراخایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سوراخایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
surâxấi (definite plural relative)
surâxấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سوراخم (first-person possessive singular)
surâxam (first-person possessive singular)
سوراخهایم (first-person possessive singular)
surâx-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سوراخهام، سوراخام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
surâxấm (first-person possessive singular)
سوراخت (possessive second-person singular)
surâxat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
surâxet (possessive second-person singular)
سوراخهایت (possessive second-person singular)
surâx-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سوراخهات، سوراخات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
surâxất (possessive second-person singular)
سوراخش (possessive singular third-person)
surâxaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
surâxeš (possessive singular third-person)
سوراخهایش (possessive singular third-person)
surâx-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سوراخهاش، سوراخاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
surâxấš (possessive singular third-person)
سوراخمان (first-person plural possessive)
surâxemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوراخمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
surâxemun (first-person plural possessive)
سوراخهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
surâx-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سوراخهامون، سوراخامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
surâxấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سوراختان (plural possessive second-person)
surâxetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوراختون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
surâxetun (plural possessive second-person)
سوراخهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
surâx-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سوراخهاتون، سوراخاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
surâxấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سوراخشان (plural possessive third-person)
surâxešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوراخشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
surâxešun (plural possessive third-person)
سوراخهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
surâx-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سوراخهاشون، سوراخاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
surâxấšun (plural possessive third-person)
سوراخم (first-person predicative singular)
surâxam (first-person predicative singular)
سوراخیم (first-person plural predicative)
surâxim (first-person plural predicative)
سوراخی (predicative second-person singular)
surâxi (predicative second-person singular)
سوراخید (plural predicative second-person)
surâxid (plural predicative second-person)
سوراخین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
surâxin (plural predicative second-person)
سوراخ است (predicative singular third-person)
surâx ast (predicative singular third-person)
سوراخه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
surâxe (predicative singular third-person)
سوراخند (plural predicative third-person)
surâxand (plural predicative third-person)
سوراخن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
surâxan (plural predicative third-person)

* From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾh /sūrāx/) from earlier form [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾk' /sūrāg/). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱouH-r-o- and suffix ـاک (/-āk/)
* Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀 (sūra, “hole”) (>*ćuHráh), Northern Luri سیڵا (/siłā/, “hole”) and Classical Persian سوله (/sūla/, “hole”) (>*ćuHrákah).

uder

تیم مورد علاقهات سوراخ شد.


یار

→ Azerbaijani: yar

→ Bashkir: йәр (yər)

→ Chagatai: يار

Uyghur: يار (yar)

Uzbek: yor / ёр (yor)

→ Gujarati: યાર (yār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यार (yār)

Urdu: یار (yār)

→ Kazakh: жар (jar)

→ Middle Armenian: եար (ear)

Armenian: յար (yar)

Ottoman Turkish: یار (yār)

Turkish: yar

→ Laz: ჲარი (yari)

→ Punjabi: یار (yār) / ਯਾਰ (yār)

→ Marwari: यार (yār)

Contraction of Middle Persian (and archaic New Persian) یاور (yâvar). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian hyʾr (/hayyār/, “helper, friend”).


لاستیک

head

لاستیک • (lâstik)

fa-noun

لاستیک • (lâstik)

[lɒːs.t̪ʰíːkʲ]

لاستیک ماشین پنچر شد.


ترگمان

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡu.mɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæɹ.ɡo.mɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian tlgmʾn' (targumān, “interpreter”) (Manichaean Middle Persian trkwmʾn (tarkumān)), from Old Persian [Term?], from Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (/targumannu, turgumannu/, “interpreter”); for more see ت ر ج م (t-r-j-m).


مهندس

head

مهندس • (mohandes) (plural مهندسان (mohandesân) or مهندسین (mohandesin) or مهندسها (mohandes-hâ))

mohandes (romanization)
مهندسان (plural)
مهندسین (plural)
مهندسها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُهَنْدِس (muhandis) (see there for further information), ultimately from Middle Persian handʾc- (handāz-), hndʾhtn' (handāxtan, “to plan, allot, reckon, judge”), or hndʾck' (handāzag, “measure, manner”)

bor+

Rumi, Fihi Ma Fihi


حسابدار

head

حسابدار • (hesâbdâr)

fa-noun

حسابدار • (hesâbdâr)

[ʔɪ.sɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

A compound of حساب (hesâb) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


عالم

fa-adj

عالِم • ('âlem)

→ Gujarati: આલિમ (ālim)

Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).


نوکر

head

نُوْکَر • (nokar) (plural نوکرها (nokar-hâ))

نُوْکَر (canonical)
nokar (romanization)
نوکرها (plural)

→ Bengali: নওকর (noōkor)

→ Gujarati: નોકર (nokar)

→ Hindi: नौकर (naukar)

Via some Turkic source, compare Azerbaijani nökər (“servant”). Ultimately of Mongolic origin, compare Modern Mongolian нөхөр (nöxör, “friend”), from Proto-Mongolic *nökör (“friend”).
The meaning of “servant” is owing to a semantic shift that happened in Turkic words borrowed from Mongolic; the Persian word was loaned from one of such Turkic words with the altered meaning.


چاقو

→ Middle Bengali: চাকু (caku)

Bengali: চাকু (caku)

→ Burushaski: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Georgian:

→ Georgian: ჯაყვა (ǯaq̇va)

→ Georgian: ჩაქუჩი (čakuči)

→ Gujarati: ચાકુ (cāku)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकू (cākū), चाक़ू (cāqū)

Urdu: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Ishkashimi: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕು (cāku)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: चाकू (cākū)

Latin script: chaku

→ Maithili: cākū

Devanagari script: चाकू

Tirhuta script: 𑒔𑒰𑒏𑒴

→ Marathi: चाकू (cākū)

desc

→ Marwari: चकू (cakū), चक्कू (cakkū), चाकू (cākū)

→ Munji: [script needed] (čoqūwa)

→ Nepali: चक्कु (cakku)

→ Odia: ଚାକୁ (cāku)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਕੂ (cākū)

Shahmukhi script: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Marwari: चक्कू (cakkū)

→ Sarikoli: čōqы, čōqů

→ Semnani: čāqu

→ Shughni: čōqū, čōqūn

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: چاقُو

Devanagari script: चाकू

→ Telugu: చాకు (cāku)

→ Wakhi: čoqыw, čoqu

→ Yazghulami: čapqu, čapqů

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ʁuː]

From earlier چاکو (čākū) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ckwc /čakuč/, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”). Related to Ottoman Turkish چاقی (çakı).

der

این چاقو تیز است. (more literary)
in čâqu tiz ast.

این چاقو تیزه. (more colloquial)

این خانم به دلیل ضربات چاقو به قلباش جان داد.

2021, “شروع محاکمه مرد افغان در آلمان به اتهام قتل خانماش در یک بس”, in dw.com, Deutsche Welle:

this lady passed away due to knife stabbings to the heart.

in xânom be dalil-e zarabât-e čâqu be qalb-eš jân dâd.


شطرنج

head

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

fa-noun

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

شَطْرَنْج (canonical)
šatranj (romanization)

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃæt̪.ɹænd͡ʒ̥]

[ʃät̪.ɾänd͡ʒ]

Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj, “shatranj, chess”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /čatrang/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).


باروت

head

باروت • (bârut)

fa-noun

باروت • (bârut)

→ Hindi: बारूत (bārūt)

→ Kurdish:

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: barût

desc

Central Kurdish: بارووت (barût), باڕووت (barrût)

Southern Kurdish: بارۊت (barüt)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਰੂਤ (bārūt)

→ Urdu: باروت (bārūt)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Persian بارود (bârud), from Arabic بارود (bārūd).


گلیم

head

گلیم • (gelim) (plural گلیمها (gelim-hâ))

→ Bashkir: келәм (keləm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गिलीम (gilīm)

Urdu: گلیم (gilīm)

→ Kazakh: кілем (kılem)

→ Khalaj: gelîm

→ Kyrgyz: килем (kilem)

→ Uzbek: gilam

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلیم (kilim, “carpet, rug”)
Turkish: kilim
→ Albanian: qilim, qylym
→ Armenian: քիլիմ (kʻilim)
→ Arabic: كِلِيم (kilīm)
→ Belarusian: кілі́м (kilím)
→ Lithuanian: kilimas
→ Bulgarian: кили́м (kilím)
→ Greek: κιλίμι (kilími)
→ Macedonian: ќилим (ḱilim)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: килим (kilim)
→ Romanian: chilim
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћѝлим
Latin script: ćìlim
→ Ukrainian: ки́лим (kýlym)

Akin to Aramaic גלימא (galīmā, “blanket, garment, cloth”), both from Ancient Greek κάλυμμα (kálumma, “cover, top, covering”) derived from καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”).

der

a rug or carpet made out of coarse material, kilim


اسب

head

اسب • (asb) (plural اسبها (asb-hâ) or اسبان (asbân))

asb (romanization)
اسبها (plural)
اسبان (plural)

→ Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

PIE word
 *h1éḱwos
From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).


تومان

head

تومان • (tumân)

fa-noun

تومان • (tumân)

→ English: toman

Borrowed from Mongolian түмэн (tümen, “ten thousand”).

bor+

(historical) toman, a former unit of currency of Iran


شاه

desctree

→ Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque, xaque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
Italian: scacco
Old French: eschec
French: échec
→ Catalan: xec
→ Middle Dutch: scaec
Dutch: schaak
→ Danish: skak
→ Middle English: chek, chekke
English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess
→ Middle High German: schāch
German: Schach
→ Russian: шах (šax)
→ Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Luxembourgish: Schach
→ Romanian: șah
→ Swedish: schack
→ Finnish: shakki, šakki
→ Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
→ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
Middle French: eschiquier
French: échiquier
Norman: êchitchi
→ Middle English: escheker, eschecour, eschekker, eschekkere, eschequeer, eschequer, eschequier, esscheker, cheker, checher, chekar, chekere, chekier, chekir, chekker, chekkere, chekkyr, chekyr, chequer, schequer
English: exchequer, Exchequer
English: checker, chequer (checkers, chequers)

→ Azerbaijani: şah

→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)

→ Belarusian: шах (šax)

→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)

→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)

→ Catalan: xa

→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)

→ Danish: shah

→ Dutch: sjah

→ English: shah

→ Estonian: šahh

→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki

→ French: schah, chah, shah

→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)

→ German: schah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ (śāh)

→ Hungarian: sakk

→ Irish: seá

→ Italian: scià

→ Japanese: シャー (shā)

→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)

→ Khalaj: şâh

→ Korean: 샤 (sya)

→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)

→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)

→ Latvian: šahs

→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)

→ Lithuanian: šachas

→ Macedonian: шах (šah)

→ Malay: syah

→ Mongolian: шах (šax)

→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)

Armenian: շահ (šah)

→ Norwegian: sjah

→ Old Norse: skák
Faroese: skák
Icelandic: skák
Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk

desc

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)

Turkish: şah

→ Albanian: shah

→ Hungarian: sah

→ Romanian: șah

→ Pashto: شاه (šāh)

→ Polish: szach

→ Portuguese: xá

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)

Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)

→ Romansch: schah

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah

→ Spanish: sah

→ Swedish: shah

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)

→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)

→ Turkish: şah

→ Turkmen: şah

→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)

→ Uyghur: شاھ (shah)

→ Uzbek: shoh

→ Vietnamese: sa

→ Zazaki: şağ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).


نانوا

head

نانوا • (nânvâ) (plural نانواها (nânvâ-hâ) or نانوایان (nânvâyân))

nânvâ (romanization)
نانواها (plural)
نانوایان (plural)

From earlier نانبا (nânbâ), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭠𐭭𐭯𐭠𐭪 (nānbāg, “baker”).

بهر نان شخصی سوی نانوا دوید / داد جان چون حسن نانوا را بدید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2785:

A person ran to the baker for bread: on seeing the beauty of the baker, he gave up the ghost.

bahr-i-nân šaxs-i suy-i nânwâ dawîd / dâd jân čôn husn-i-nânwâ râ ba-dîd


دکتر

دُکْتُر • (doktor) (plural دکترها (doktor-hâ) or دکتران (doktorân))

دُکْتُر (canonical)
doktor (romanization)
دکترها (plural)
دکتران (plural)


خواننده

خوانَنْدِه • (xânande) (plural خوانندگان (xânandegân))

خوانَنْدِه (canonical)
xânande (romanization)
خوانندگان (plural)


دانشجو

دانِشْجو • (dânešju) (plural دانِشجویان (dânešjuyân) or دانِشجوها (dânešju-hâ))

دانِشْجو (canonical)
dânešju (romanization)
دانِشجویان (plural)
دانِشجوها (plural)

→ Urdu: دانش جو (dāniś-jū)

[d̪ɒː.neʃ.d͡ʒúː]

Higher education student, a university student


چوپان

چوپان • (čupân)

fa-noun

چوپان • (čupân)

→ Azerbaijani: çoban

→ Crimean Tatar: çoban

desc

→ Gujarati: ચૂબાન (cūbān), ચૂપાન (cūpān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चूपान (cūpān)

Urdu: چوپان (cūpān)

→ Kazakh: шопан (şopan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چوبان (çoban), شبان (şoban, şuban, şüben), شوبان (şoban, şuban, şüben)
Turkish: çoban
→ Albanian: çoban
→ Armenian: չոբան (čʻoban)
→ Bulgarian: чоба́нин (čobánin)
→ Greek: τσοπάνης (tsopánis)
→ Romanian: cioban
→ Russian: чаба́н (čabán) (usually from other Turkic languages)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чо̀бан
Latin script: čòban

→ Turkmen: çopan

→ Uzbek: choʻpon

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰʊː.pʰɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰúːn]

[t͡ʃʰɵ.pʰɔ́n]

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫇𐫁𐫀𐫗 (šwbʾn /šubān/), from Old Persian *fšupāna-, composed of [script needed] (fšu-, “sheep”) (compare Old Armenian շպետ (špet), Sanskrit पशुपन् (paśupan)) and [script needed] (pāna-, “protector”). Cognate with Pashto شپون (špūn), Baluchi شپانک (šipánk), Northern Kurdish şivan, Zazaki şıwane, Bactrian χοβανο (xobano).


منشی

head

منشی • (monši) (plural منشیان (monšiân))

monši (romanization)
منشیان (plural)
منشی (singular)
monší (singular)
منشیان (plural)
monšiấn (plural)
منشیا (colloquial plural)
monšiấ (plural)
منشی را (definite direct-object singular)
monší râ (definite direct-object singular)
منشی رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
monší ro (definite direct-object singular)
منشیان را (definite direct-object plural)
monšiấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
منشیا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
monšiấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
منشی (ezafe singular)
monší-ye (ezafe singular)
منشیان (ezafe plural)
monšiấn-e (ezafe plural)
منشیای (colloquial ezafe plural)
monšiấ-ye (ezafe plural)
منشی (definite relative singular)
منشی (indefinite singular stressed)
monší (definite relative singular)
monší (indefinite singular stressed)
منشیانی (definite plural relative)
منشیانی (indefinite plural stressed)
monšiấn-i (definite plural relative)
monšiấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
منشیایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
منشیایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
monšiấ-yi (definite plural relative)
monšiấ-yi (indefinite plural stressed)

→ English: munshi

→ Azerbaijani: münşi

خانم مینا شوهرش را در رابطه عاشقانه با منشی اتریشی اش گرفت.

Ms. Mina caught her husband in an affair with her Austrian secretary.


سرباز

سَرْباز • (sarbâz) (plural سربازان (sarbâzân) or سربازها (sarbâz-hâ))

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)
سربازان (plural)
سربازها (plural)
سرباز (singular)
sarbâz (singular)
سربازان (plural)
sarbâzấn (plural)
سربازا (colloquial plural)
sarbâzấ (plural)
سرباز را (definite direct-object singular)
sarbâz râ (definite direct-object singular)
سرباز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
sarbâzo (definite direct-object singular)
سربازان را (definite direct-object plural)
sarbâzấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
سربازا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
sarbâzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
سرباز (ezafe singular)
sarbâz-e (ezafe singular)
سربازان (ezafe plural)
sarbâzấn-e (ezafe plural)
سربازای (colloquial ezafe plural)
sarbâzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
سربازی (definite relative singular)
سربازی (indefinite singular stressed)
sarbâz-i (definite relative singular)
sarbâz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
سربازانی (definite plural relative)
سربازانی (indefinite plural stressed)
sarbâzấn-i (definite plural relative)
sarbâzấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
سربازایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
سربازایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
sarbâzấi (definite plural relative)
sarbâzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
سربازم (first-person possessive singular)
sarbâzam (first-person possessive singular)
سربازهایم (first-person possessive singular)
sarbâz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
سربازهام، سربازام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
sarbâzấm (first-person possessive singular)
سربازت (possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzet (possessive second-person singular)
سربازهایت (possessive second-person singular)
sarbâz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
سربازهات، سربازات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
sarbâzất (possessive second-person singular)
سربازش (possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzeš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازهایش (possessive singular third-person)
sarbâz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازهاش، سربازاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
sarbâzấš (possessive singular third-person)
سربازمان (first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzemân (first-person plural possessive)
سربازمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzemun (first-person plural possessive)
سربازهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
sarbâz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
سربازهامون، سربازامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
sarbâzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
سربازتان (plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzetân (plural possessive second-person)
سربازتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzetun (plural possessive second-person)
سربازهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
sarbâz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
سربازهاتون، سربازاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
sarbâzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
سربازشان (plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzešân (plural possessive third-person)
سربازشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzešun (plural possessive third-person)
سربازهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
sarbâz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
سربازهاشون، سربازاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
sarbâzấšun (plural possessive third-person)
سربازم (first-person predicative singular)
sarbâzam (first-person predicative singular)
سربازیم (first-person plural predicative)
sarbâzim (first-person plural predicative)
سربازی (predicative second-person singular)
sarbâzi (predicative second-person singular)
سربازید (plural predicative second-person)
sarbâzid (plural predicative second-person)
سربازین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
sarbâzin (plural predicative second-person)
سرباز است (predicative singular third-person)
sarbâz ast (predicative singular third-person)
سربازه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
sarbâze (predicative singular third-person)
سربازند (plural predicative third-person)
sarbâzand (plural predicative third-person)
سربازن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
sarbâzan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: sərbaz

→ Kazakh: сарбаз (sarbaz)

→ Uzbek: sarboz

From سر (sar, “head”) + باز (-bâz, “to loose, to let go”).


سرباز

head

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

fa-proper noun

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)

Sistan and Baluchestan
w:Sistan and Baluchestan

Sarbaz (a city and county of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran)


فوتبال

head

فوتبال • (futbâl)

fa-noun

فوتبال • (futbâl)

فوتبال آمریکایی ― futbâl âmrikâyi ― American football


شنا

head

شنا • (šenâ)

fa-noun

شنا • (šenâ)

Attested as Middle Persian [script needed] (šnāz, “swimming”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”), compare Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁 (snā) and Sanskrit स्नान (snāna, “bathing”).


کاراته

head

کاراته • (kârâte)

fa-noun

کاراته • (kârâte)

[kʰɑː.ɾɑː.t̪ʰä]

[kʰɑː.ɾɑː.t̪ʰä]

[kʰɑː.ɾɑː.t̪ʰä]

[kʰɔː.ɾɔː.t̪ʰä]

[kʰɒː.ɹɒː.t̪ʰe]

Ultimately derived from Japanese 空(から)手(て) (karate).


گز

→ Middle Armenian: գազ (gaz), կազ (kaz)

→ Azerbaijani: gəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez

→ Crimean Tatar: gez

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gc /gaz/, “tamarisk”). Compare Old Armenian գազ (gaz, “milkvetch”), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual


شاعر

head

شاعر • (šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šâ'erân) or شاعرها (šâ'er-hâ) or شعرا (šo'arâ))

šâ'er (romanization)
شاعران (plural)
شاعرها (plural)
شعرا (plural)

→ Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)

→ Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

→ Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

→ Nepali: सायर (sāyar)

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

→ Rohingya: cáaer

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: شاعِرُ

Devanagari script: शाइरु

Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)


سیاستمدار

سیاستمدار • (siyâsatmadâr) (plural سیاستمداران (siyâsatmadârân))

siyâsatmadâr (romanization)
سیاستمداران (plural)

fa:سیاستمدار


هنرمند

From هْنَر (honar, “art”) + ـمَند (-mand, “with”).


کشاورز

head

کشاورز • (kešâvarz) (plural کشاورزان (kešâvarzân) or کشاورزها (kešâvarz-hâ))

kešâvarz (romanization)
کشاورزان (plural)
کشاورزها (plural)

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]


مکانیک

مکانیک • (mekânik)

fa-noun

مکانیک • (mekânik)

(countable) mechanic (a skilled worker in charge of maintenance or repairing machinery)


نویسنده

head

نویسنده • (nevisande) (plural نویسندگان (nevisandegân))

nevisande (romanization)
نویسندگان (plural)

→ Urdu: نویسندہ (navīsinda)


پرستار

پرستار • (parastâr) (plural پرستاران (parastârân) or پرستارها (parastâr-hâ))

parastâr (romanization)
پرستاران (plural)
پرستارها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pərəstar

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: پرستار (parastār)

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫 (plstʾl /paristār/, “maidservant, slave”), equivalent to پرستـ (parast-, present stem of پرستیدن (parastidan, “to worship”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پرستیدن</i> (parastidan, “to worship”)

که دانا پرستار نادان شود[…]

when the wise will become slaves to the ignorant […]


وکیل

head

وکیل • (vakil) (plural وکلا (vokalâ) or وکیلها (vakil-hâ) or وکیلان (vakilân))

vakil (romanization)
وکلا (plural)
وکیلها (plural)
وکیلان (plural)

→ Assamese: উকিল (ukil)

→ Bengali: উকিল (ukil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वकील (vakīl)

Urdu: وکیل (vakīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕੀਲ (vakīl)

Shahmukhi script: وکیل (vakil)

→ Sindhi: وڪيل (vakīlu)

→ Tamil: வக்கீல் (vakkīl)

→ Malayalam: വക്കീൽ (vakkīl)


آشپز

آشپز • (âšpaz)

fa-noun

آشپز • (âšpaz)

desc

→ Armenian: աշփազ (ašpʻaz), աշպազ (ašpaz), ասպաժ (aspaž), աշբազ (ašbaz)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpaz

→ Baluchi: آشپز (ášpaz)

→ Khalaj: âşpəz

→ Kumyk: ашбаз (aşbaz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آشپز (aşpez)

→ Uyghur: ئاشپەز (ashpez)

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
From آش (âš) + پز (paz), literally “soup-cook”.


معلم

head

معلم • (mu'allim／mo'allem) (plural معلمان or معلمها or معلمون)

mu'allim／mo'allem (romanization)
معلمان (plural)
معلمها (plural)
معلمون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim).


ورزش

head

وَرْزِش • (varzeš) (plural ورزشها (varzeš-hâ))

وَرْزِش (canonical)
varzeš (romanization)
ورزشها (plural)

→ Armenian: վարժ (varž)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܘܵܪܓ̰ܝܼܣ (värǰis)

→ Azerbaijani: vərdiş (“habit”)

→ Georgian: ვარჯიში (varǯiši), ვარჯისი (varǯisi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਰਜ਼ਸ਼ (varzaś)

Shahmukhi script: ورزش (varzaś)


رئیس

head

رَئیس • (ra'is) (plural رؤسا (ro'asâ) or رؤساء (ro'asâ'))

رَئیس (canonical)
ra'is (romanization)
رؤسا (plural)
رؤساء (plural)

→ Urdu: رَئِیس (raīs)

From Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs), from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be at the head”).


عروسک

عَروسَک • ('arusak) (plural عروسکان ('arusakân) or عروسکها ('arusak-hâ))

عَروسَک (canonical)
'arusak (romanization)
عروسکان (plural)
عروسکها (plural)

[ʔä.ɾʊː.sǽk]

From عَرُوس (arus, “bride”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix).


جانورشناس

head

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)

fa-noun

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)


طبیب

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तबीब (tabīb)

Urdu: طَبِیب (tabīb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طبیب (tabīb)

Turkish: tabip


اسکی کردن

eski kardan (romanization)
اسکی کردن (infinitive)
eski kardán (infinitive)
اسکی کن (present stem)
eski kon (present stem)
اسکی کرد (past stem)
eski kard (past stem)
اسکی کننده (participle present)
eski konandé (participle present)
اسکی کرده (participle past)
eski kardé (participle past)
اسکی کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
eski kónam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
اسکی کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
eski kóni (aorist indicative second-person singular)
اسکی کند (aorist indicative singular third-person)
eski kónad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
اسکی کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
eski kónim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
اسکی کنید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
eski kónid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
اسکی کنند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
eski kónand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
اسکی میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
eski mí-konam (first-person indicative present singular)
اسکی میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
eski mí-koni (indicative present second-person singular)
اسکی میکند (indicative present singular third-person)
eski mí-konad (indicative present singular third-person)
اسکی میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
eski mí-konim (first-person indicative plural present)
اسکی میکنید (indicative plural present second-person)
eski mí-konid (indicative plural present second-person)
اسکی میکنند (indicative plural present third-person)
eski mí-konand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم اسکی میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram eski mí-konam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری اسکی میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri eski mí-koni (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد اسکی میکند (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad eski mí-konad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم اسکی میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim eski mí-konim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید اسکی میکنید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid eski mí-konid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند اسکی میکنند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand eski mí-konand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
اسکی کردهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
eski kardé-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
اسکی کردهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
eski kardé-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
اسکی کرده است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
eski kardé ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
اسکی کردهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
eski kardé-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
اسکی کردهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
eski kardé-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
اسکی کردهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
eski kardé-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
اسکی کردم (first-person indicative past singular)
eski kárdam (first-person indicative past singular)
اسکی کردی (indicative past second-person singular)
eski kárdi (indicative past second-person singular)
اسکی کرد (indicative past singular third-person)
eski kard (indicative past singular third-person)
اسکی کردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
eski kárdim (first-person indicative past plural)
اسکی کردید (indicative past plural second-person)
eski kárdid (indicative past plural second-person)
اسکی کردند (indicative past plural third-person)
eski kárdand (indicative past plural third-person)
اسکی میکردم (first-person indicative past singular)
eski mí-kardam (first-person indicative past singular)
اسکی میکردی (indicative past second-person singular)
eski mí-kardi (indicative past second-person singular)
اسکی میکرد (indicative past singular third-person)
eski mí-kard (indicative past singular third-person)
اسکی میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
eski mí-kardim (first-person indicative past plural)
اسکی میکردید (indicative past plural second-person)
eski mí-kardid (indicative past plural second-person)
اسکی میکردند (indicative past plural third-person)
eski mí-kardand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم اسکی میکردم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam eski mí-kardam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی اسکی میکردی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti eski mí-kardi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت اسکی میکرد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt eski mí-kard (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم اسکی میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim eski mí-kardim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید اسکی میکردید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid eski mí-kardid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند اسکی میکردند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand eski mí-kardand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
اسکی کرده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
eski kardé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
اسکی کرده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
eski kardé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
اسکی کرده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
eski kardé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
اسکی کرده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
eski kardé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
اسکی کرده بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
eski kardé búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
اسکی کرده بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eski kardé búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
اسکی خواهم کرد (first-person future indicative singular)
eski xâhám kard (first-person future indicative singular)
اسکی خواهی کرد (future indicative second-person singular)
eski xâhí kard (future indicative second-person singular)
اسکی خواهد کرد (future indicative singular third-person)
eski xâhád kard (future indicative singular third-person)
اسکی خواهیم کرد (first-person future indicative plural)
eski xâhím kard (first-person future indicative plural)
اسکی خواهید کرد (future indicative plural second-person)
eski xâhíd kard (future indicative plural second-person)
اسکی خواهند کرد (future indicative plural third-person)
eski xâhánd kard (future indicative plural third-person)
اسکی کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
eski konam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
اسکی کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
eski koni (present second-person singular subjunctive)
اسکی کند (present singular subjunctive third-person)
eski konad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
eski konim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
اسکی کنید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
eski konid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
اسکی کنند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
eski konand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کرده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
eski kardé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
eski kardé bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کرده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
eski kardé bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کن (imperative second-person singular)
eski kon (imperative second-person singular)
اسکی کنید (imperative plural second-person)
eski konid (imperative plural second-person)
اسکی کردن (infinitive)
eski kardán (infinitive)
اسکی کن (present stem)
eski kon (present stem)
اسکی کرد (past stem)
eski kard (past stem)
اسکی کننده (participle present)
eski konandé (participle present)
اسکی کرده (participle past)
eski kardé (participle past)
اسکی کنم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
eski kónam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
اسکی کنی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
eski kóni (aorist indicative second-person singular)
اسکی کنه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
eski kóne (aorist indicative singular third-person)
اسکی کنیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
eski kónim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
اسکی کنین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
eski kónin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
اسکی کنن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
eski kónan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
اسکی میکنم (first-person indicative present singular)
eski mí-konam (first-person indicative present singular)
اسکی میکنی (indicative present second-person singular)
eski mí-koni (indicative present second-person singular)
اسکی میکنه (indicative present singular third-person)
eski mí-kone (indicative present singular third-person)
اسکی میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present)
eski mí-konim (first-person indicative plural present)
اسکی میکنین (indicative plural present second-person)
eski mí-konin (indicative plural present second-person)
اسکی میکنن (indicative plural present third-person)
eski mí-konan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم اسکی میکنم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram eski mí-konam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری اسکی میکنی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri eski mí-koni (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره اسکی میکنه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre eski mí-kone (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم اسکی میکنیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim eski mí-konim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین اسکی میکنین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin eski mí-konin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن اسکی میکنن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran eski mí-konan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
اسکی کردهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
eski kardám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
اسکی کردهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
eski kardí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
اسکی کرده (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
eski kardé (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
اسکی کردهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
eski kardím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
اسکی کردهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
eski kardín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
اسکی کردهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
eski kardán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
اسکی کردم (first-person indicative past singular)
eski kárdam (first-person indicative past singular)
اسکی کردی (indicative past second-person singular)
eski kárdi (indicative past second-person singular)
اسکی کرد (indicative past singular third-person)
eski kárd (indicative past singular third-person)
اسکی کردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
eski kárdim (first-person indicative past plural)
اسکی کردین (indicative past plural second-person)
eski kárdin (indicative past plural second-person)
اسکی کردن (indicative past plural third-person)
eski kárdan (indicative past plural third-person)
اسکی میکردم (first-person indicative past singular)
eski mí-kardam (first-person indicative past singular)
اسکی میکردی (indicative past second-person singular)
eski mí-kardi (indicative past second-person singular)
اسکی میکرد (indicative past singular third-person)
eski mí-kard (indicative past singular third-person)
اسکی میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural)
eski mí-kardim (first-person indicative past plural)
اسکی میکردین (indicative past plural second-person)
eski mí-kardin (indicative past plural second-person)
اسکی میکردن (indicative past plural third-person)
eski mí-kardan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم اسکی میکردم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam eski mí-kardam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی اسکی میکردی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti eski mí-kardi (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت اسکی میکرد (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt eski mí-kard (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم اسکی میکردیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim eski mí-kardim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین اسکی میکردین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin eski mí-kardin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن اسکی میکردن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan eski mí-kardan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
اسکی کرده بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
eski kardé búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
اسکی کرده بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
eski kardé búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
اسکی کرده بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
eski kardé bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
اسکی کرده بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
eski kardé búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
اسکی کرده بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
eski kardé búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
اسکی کرده بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eski kardé búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
اسکی کنم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
eski konam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
اسکی کنی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
eski koni (present second-person singular subjunctive)
اسکی کنه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
eski kone (present singular subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کنیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
eski konim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
اسکی کنین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
eski konin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
اسکی کنن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
eski konan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کرده باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
eski kardé bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
eski kardé bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کرده باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
eski kardé bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
اسکی کرده باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
eski kardé bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
اسکی کن (imperative second-person singular)
eski kon (imperative second-person singular)
اسکی کنین (imperative plural second-person)
eski konin (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">اسکی کردن</i> (eski kardán) (literary Iranian Persian)

اسکی میکردیم

اسکی میکردید

اسکی میکردند

داشتیم اسکی میکردیم

داشتم اسکی میکردم

داشتید اسکی میکردید

داشتی اسکی میکردی

داشتند اسکی میکردند

داشت اسکی میکرد

داریم اسکی میکنیم

دارم اسکی میکنم

دارید اسکی میکنید

داری اسکی میکنی

دارند اسکی میکنند

دارد اسکی میکند

اسکی کردهایم

اسکی کردهاید

اسکی کردهاند

اسکی کرده است

اسکی کرده بودیم

اسکی کرده بودم

اسکی کرده بودید

اسکی کرده بودی

اسکی کرده بودند

اسکی کرده بود

اسکی خواهیم کرد

اسکی خواهم کرد

اسکی خواهید کرد

اسکی خواهی کرد

اسکی خواهند کرد

اسکی خواهد کرد

اسکی کرده باشیم

اسکی کرده باشم

اسکی کرده باشید

اسکی کرده باشی

اسکی کرده باشند

اسکی کرده باشد

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">اسکی کردن</i> (eski kardán) (colloquial Tehrani)

اسکی میکردیم

اسکی میکردین

داشتیم اسکی میکردیم

داشتم اسکی میکردم

داشتین اسکی میکردین

داشتی اسکی میکردی

داشتن اسکی میکردن

داشت اسکی میکرد

داریم اسکی میکنیم

دارم اسکی میکنم

دارین اسکی میکنین

داری اسکی میکنی

دارن اسکی میکنن

داره اسکی میکنه

اسکی کردهایم

اسکی کردهاین

اسکی کرده بودیم

اسکی کرده بودم

اسکی کرده بودین

اسکی کرده بودی

اسکی کرده بودن

اسکی کرده بود

اسکی کرده باشیم

اسکی کرده باشم

اسکی کرده باشین

اسکی کرده باشی

اسکی کرده باشن

اسکی کرده باشه


ژیمناستیک

head

ژیمناستیک • (žimnâstik)

fa-noun

ژیمناستیک • (žimnâstik)

fa:ژیمناستیک


جاسوس

head

جاسوس • (jâsus) (plural جواسیس (javâsis) or جاسوسان (jâsusân))

jâsus (romanization)
جواسیس (plural)
جاسوسان (plural)

→ Gujarati: જાસૂસ (jāsūs)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जासूस (jāsūs)

Urdu: جاسُوس (jāsūs)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਸੂਸ (jāsūs)

Shahmukhi script: جاسوس (jāsūs)

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɒː.súːs]

نیست از رازِ نهانِ من خبر جاسوس را
نبضِ من بندِ زبان گردید جالینوس را

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 74”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The spy has no news of my hidden secret;
My pulse has closed its mouth to Galen.

nēst az rāz-i nahān-i man xabar jasūs rā
nabz-i man band-i zabān gardīd jālīnūs rā


دام

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHma (compare Sanskrit दामन् (dā́man, “string, cord, rope, fetter”)), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁-mn̥, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- (“to bind”).

cog

به دام افتادن

to get trapped (literally, “to fall in a trap”)

به دام انداختن

to trap, ensnare (literally, “to throw into a trap”)


هنرپیشه

head

هنرپیشه • (honarpiše) (plural هنرپیشگان (honarpišegân) or هنرپیشهها (honarpiše-hâ))

honarpiše (romanization)
هنرپیشگان (plural)
هنرپیشهها (plural)

[ʔʊ.näɾ.pʰeː.ʃä]


رخ

desctree

→ Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ)
→ Catalan: roc
→ Spanish: roque
→ Old French: roc
Middle French: roc
French: roc
→ Middle English: rook
English: rook
→ Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
→ Korean: 룩 (ruk)

→ Georgian: როქი (roki)

→ Italian: rocco

→ Ottoman Turkish: رخ

→ Urdu: رخ (rux)

From Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”).
Possibly cognate with Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).


زیست‌شناس

head

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

fa-noun

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

زیستشناس (canonical)
zist-šenâs (romanization)


شنا کردن

head

شنا کردن • (šenâ kardan)

fa-verb

شنا کردن • (šenâ kardan)


کمان

head

کَمان • (kamân) (plural کمانها (kamân-hâ))

کَمان (canonical)
kamân (romanization)
کمانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાન (kamān)

→ Middle Armenian: քաման (kʻaman)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمان (keman)
Turkish: keman
→ Albanian: qemane
→ Armenian: քեման (kʻeman)
→ Northern Kurdish: keman

→ Hindi: कमान (kamān)

→ Urdu: کمان (kamān)

[kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kmʾn' /kamān/), from Proto-Iranian *kamān (“arc, vault, bow”), related to Proto-Iranian *kamp- (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”). Compare Northern Luri کںمۆ (kəmø).

inh

به تیر و کمان و به گرز و کمند
بیفگند بر دشت نخچیر چند

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

With arrow and bow, with mace and lasso,
He cast down a few prey on the plain.

ba tīr u kamān u ba gurz u kamand
biyafgand bar dašt naxčīr čand


معمار

head

معمار • (me'mâr)

fa-noun

معمار • (me'mâr)

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]


جودو

head

جودو • (jūdō／jodo)

fa-noun

جودو • (jūdō／jodo)

[d͡ʒʊː.d̪ʊː]

Ultimately derived from Japanese 柔(じゅう)道(どう) (jūdō).

ja-r

柔(じゅう)道(どう) (jūdō)


توریست

[t̪ʰuː.ɹíːst̪]


پیاده

head

پیاده • (piyâde) (plural پیادهها (piyâde-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: piyada

→ Bengali: পেয়াদা (peẏada)

→ Crimean Tatar: piyade

→ Gujarati: પ્યાદું (pyādũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: प्यादा (pyādā)

Urdu: پیادہ (pyādā), پیادا (piyādā)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ಯಾದೆ (pyāde)

→ Marathi: प्यादे (pyāde)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਆਦਾ (piādā)

Shahmukhi script: پیادہ (peyādh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیاده (piyāde)

> Turkish: piyade (inherited)

→ Turkmen: pyýada

→ Uyghur: پىيادە (piyade)

→ Uzbek: piyoda

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭣𐭠𐭲𐭪' (pdʾtk' /payādag/), from Proto-Iranian *padātaka- / *padātika- (“on foot”), either from a compound of *pada- + *taka-, the former component from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”), the latter from Proto-Iranian *tač- (“to walk, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”), or from *padāti- + *-kah, the former a secondary derivation from *pā́dah, the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas (“deadjectival suffix, -ic”). Compare russian пешка(peška) from proto-slavic *pědšь(on foot) + suffix *ka.


وزیر

head

وَزیر • (vazir) (plural وزرا (vozarâ) or وزیران (vazirân))

وَزیر (canonical)
vazir (romanization)
وزرا (plural)
وزیران (plural)

Dari: وزیر (wazīr)

Iranian Persian: وزیر (vazir)

Tajik: вазир (vazir)

desc

vəzir//вәзир

→ Azerbaijani: vəzir／вәзир

→ Bengali: উজির (uzir)

→ Chagatai: وزیر

→ Uyghur: ۋەزىر (wezir), вәзир (wezir)

→ Uzbek: vazir／вазир

→ Gujarati: વજીર (vajīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वज़ीर (vazīr), विज़ीर (vizīr)

Urdu: وَزیر (vazīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: وزیر (vezir) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: وزیر


بادبادک

head

بادبادک • (bâdbâdak)

fa-noun

بادبادک • (bâdbâdak)


توپ

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तोप (top)

Urdu: توپ (top)


نرد

→ Azerbaijani: nərd

→ Arabic: نَرْد (nard)

desctree

→ Georgian: ნარდი (nardi)
→ Armenian: նարդի (nardi)
→ Russian: нарды (nardy)
→ Latvian: nardi
→ Lithuanian: nardai
→ Mongolian: нарды (nardy)

→ Kazakh: нарт (nart)

→ Middle Armenian: նարտ (nart)

Armenian: նարտ (nart)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرد (nerd)

Turkish: nerd

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਰਦ (narad)

Shahmukhi script: نرد (nard)

→ Slovak: nardy

→ Tatar: нәрәтә (närätä)

→ Urdu: نرد (nard)

From earlier نردشیر (nardašir), from Middle Persian nywʾlthšyl (nēw-ardaxšīr, “backgammon”).


جامعه‌شناس

head

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

fa-noun

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

جامعهشناس (canonical)
jâme'e-šenâs (romanization)

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]


آهنگر

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[ʔɔ.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (’synkl /āhangar/). By surface analysis, آهن (âhan, “iron”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).


نفت

naft (romanization)
نفتها (plural)
نفت (singular)
naft (singular)
نفتها (plural)
naft-hấ (plural)
نفتا (colloquial plural)
naftấ (plural)
نفت را (definite direct-object singular)
naft râ (definite direct-object singular)
نفت رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nafto (definite direct-object singular)
نفتها را (definite direct-object plural)
naft-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نفتا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
naftấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نفت (ezafe singular)
naft-e (ezafe singular)
نفتهای (ezafe plural)
naft-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتای (colloquial ezafe plural)
naftấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتی (definite relative singular)
نفتی (indefinite singular stressed)
naft-i (definite relative singular)
naft-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نفتهایی (definite plural relative)
نفتهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نفتایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
naftấi (definite plural relative)
naftấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتم (first-person possessive singular)
naftam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهایم (first-person possessive singular)
naft-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهام، نفتام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
naftấm (first-person possessive singular)
نفتت (possessive second-person singular)
naftat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftet (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهایت (possessive second-person singular)
naft-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهات، نفتات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftất (possessive second-person singular)
نفتش (possessive singular third-person)
naftaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nafteš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهایش (possessive singular third-person)
naft-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهاش، نفتاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
naftấš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتمان (first-person plural possessive)
naftemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftemun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
naft-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهامون، نفتامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتتان (plural possessive second-person)
naftetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftetun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
naft-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهاتون، نفتاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتشان (plural possessive third-person)
naftešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftešun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
naft-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهاشون، نفتاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتم (first-person predicative singular)
naftam (first-person predicative singular)
نفتیم (first-person plural predicative)
naftim (first-person plural predicative)
نفتی (predicative second-person singular)
nafti (predicative second-person singular)
نفتید (plural predicative second-person)
naftid (plural predicative second-person)
نفتین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
naftin (plural predicative second-person)
نفت است (predicative singular third-person)
naft ast (predicative singular third-person)
نفته (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nafte (predicative singular third-person)
نفتند (plural predicative third-person)
naftand (plural predicative third-person)
نفتن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
naftan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: նավթ (navtʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: neft

→ Gujarati: નફત (naphat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نفت (neft), նէֆթ (neft) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: neft
→ Greek: νέφτι (néfti)
→ Russian: нефть (neftʹ)
→ Ingrian: nefti
→ Kildin Sami: неффьт (njeff’t)
→ Komi-Zyrian: нефть (ńefť)
→ Kyrgyz: нефть (neft)
→ Tatar: нефть (neft’)

→ Turkmen: nebit

→ Uyghur: نېفىت (nëfit)

→ Urdu: نفت

→ Uzbek: neft

→ Yiddish: נאַפֿט (naft)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npt' /naft/, “moist, damp; naphtha”), from Old Persian *naftah (“naphtha”).

inh

نفتانداز

(obsolete) a flammable mix used in war such as Greek fire


استخر

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔis.t̪ʰäχɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Stakhr, “strong(hold)”). According to Ernst Herzfeld, who based his conclusion on numismatic evidence, the Middle Persian word derives from Old Persian [script needed] (Pārsa-staxra, “"stronghold of Pars"”). The semantic change in New Persian is most probably due to the well known water reservoirs, dams and other irrigation apparatus built in the city of Istakhr by the Buyid prince 'Adud al-Dawla.


استخر

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰäxɾ]

[ʔis.t̪ʰäχɾ]


زورخانه

head

زورخانه • (zurxâne)

fa-noun

زورخانه • (zurxâne)

zurkhaneh; a traditional Iranian gymnasium where a combination of martial arts, calisthenics, gymnastics, strength training, and music is practiced by men


کیهان‌شناس

head

کیهانشناس • (keyhân-šenâs)

fa-noun

کیهانشناس • (keyhân-šenâs)

کیهانشناس (canonical)
keyhân-šenâs (romanization)


دوربین

Tajik: дурбин (durbin)

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْبِين (darbīn), دَرْبِيل (darbīl, “telescope; binoculars”) (dialects)

→ Swahili: darubini (“telescope; binoculars”)

→ Armenian: դուրբին (durbin), դիրբին (dirbin), դուլբին (dulbin), դուլբուն (dulbun), տո̈ւլպո̈ւն (tülpün), դո̈ւրբո̈ւն (dürbün), տելբի (telbi), դիլպի (dilpi), դուլդուլ (duldul), տուլտոզ (tultoz), դօ̈լբինդ (dölbind)

→ Azerbaijani: durbin

→ Bengali: দূরবিন (durbin)

→ Georgian: დურბინდი (durbindi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दूरबीन (dūrbīn)

Urdu: دوربین (dūrbīn)

→ Kazakh: дүрбі (dürbı)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوربین (dürbin, dürbün)
Turkish: dürbün
→ Albanian: dyrbi, dylbi
→ Macedonian: дурбин (durbin)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ду̀рбӣн, дурбисна (archaic)
Latin script: dùrbīn, durbisna (archaic)

→ Uyghur: دۇربۇن (durbun)

→ Uzbek: durbin

From دور (dur) + بین (bin). In the sense of a prospective glass, calque of Latin tēlescopum, tēlescopium, transmitted after this device was invented in Europe in the early 17ᵗʰ century by travellers to the East, which however makes it likely that this sense developed in the Ottoman Turkish vocabulary first.


عصب‌شناس

عصبشناس (canonical)
'asab shenâs (romanization)


شمشیر

head

شمشیر • (šamšir) (plural شمشیرها (šamšir-hâ))

→ Bengali: শমশের (śomośer)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شمشیر (şemşir, şimşir)
→ Middle Armenian: շիմշիր (šimšir)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਮਸ਼ੀਰ (śamśīr)

Shahmukhi script: شمشیر (śamśīr)

→ Urdu: شمشیر (śamśīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šmšyl /šamšēr/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (špšyl), 𐫢𐫜𐫢𐫏𐫡 (šfšyr /šafšēr/, “sword”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫘𐫜𐫘𐫏𐫡 (sfsyr /safsēr/, “sword”). Compare Iranian borrowings Old Armenian սուսեր (suser, “sword”), Classical Syriac ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ספסרא, ספסירא (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Ancient Greek σαμψήρα (sampsḗra, “foreign sword”), and possibly Italian scimitarra (“scimitar”).


خالی

fa-adj

خالی • (xâli)

→ Assamese: খালী (khali)

→ Bengali: খালি (khali)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ाली (xālī)

Urdu: خالی (xālī)

→ Phalura: xaalí, خالیۡ

→ Sylheti: ꠈꠣꠟꠤ (xáli)

→ Telugu: ఖాళీ (khāḷī)

بشقاب خالی

خالی از توهّم


فوتبالیست

head

فوتبالیست • (futbâlist)

fa-noun

فوتبالیست • (futbâlist)

(soccer) footballer (British); football player (Britain), soccer player (US, Canada, Australia)


خبرنگار

head

خَبَرْنِگار • (xabarnegâr) (plural خبرنگاران (xabarnegârân))

خَبَرْنِگار (canonical)
xabarnegâr (romanization)
خبرنگاران (plural)

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[χä.bäɾ.ni.ɡɔ́ɾ]

From خَبَر (xabar, “news”) + نِگار (negâr).


دندان‌پزشک

دندانپزشک (canonical)
dandân-pezešk (romanization)


پزشک

پِزِشْک • (pezešk) (plural پزشکان (pezeškân))

پِزِشْک (canonical)
pezešk (romanization)
پزشکان (plural)
پزشک (singular)
pezešk (singular)
پزشکان (plural)
pezeškấn (plural)
پزشکا (colloquial plural)
pezeškấ (plural)
پزشک را (definite direct-object singular)
pezešk râ (definite direct-object singular)
پزشک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
pezeško (definite direct-object singular)
پزشکان را (definite direct-object plural)
pezeškấn râ (definite direct-object plural)
پزشکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
pezeškấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
پزشک (ezafe singular)
pezešk-e (ezafe singular)
پزشکان (ezafe plural)
pezeškấn-e (ezafe plural)
پزشکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
pezeškấ-ye (ezafe plural)
پزشکی (definite relative singular)
پزشکی (indefinite singular stressed)
pezešk-i (definite relative singular)
pezešk-i (indefinite singular stressed)
پزشکانی (definite plural relative)
پزشکانی (indefinite plural stressed)
pezeškấn-i (definite plural relative)
pezeškấn-i (indefinite plural stressed)
پزشکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
پزشکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
pezeškấi (definite plural relative)
pezeškấi (indefinite plural stressed)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bcšk'), 𐫁𐫉𐫏𐫢𐫐 (bzyšk /bizešk/, “doctor, physician”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *bišajkah. Compare Iranian borrowing Old Armenian բժիշկ (bžišk). Further related to Sanskrit भिषज्यति (bhiṣajyati, “to heal”), भिषज् (bhiṣaj, “curing; medicine; doctor”).


مسلسل

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَلْسَل (musalsal).


ملک

→ Assamese: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Bengali: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Gujarati: મુલક (mulak)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: मुलक (mulaka)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुल्क (mulk)
Urdu: مُلْک (mulk)

→ Maithili

Devanagari script: मुलुक (muluk)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒪𑒳𑒏 (muluk)

→ Marathi: मुलूख (mulūkh)

→ Marwari: मुलक (mulak)

→ Nepali: मुलुक (muluk)

→ Odia: ମୁଲକ (mulaka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਲਕ (mulak)

Shahmukhi script: مُلَک (mulak)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُلْڪُ (mulku)

Devanagari script: मुल्कु (mulku)

Borrowed from Arabic مُلْك (mulk, “kingship, royalty, monarchy”).


چشم‌پزشک

head

چشمپزشک • (češm-pezešk)

fa-noun

چشمپزشک • (češm-pezešk)

چشمپزشک (canonical)
češm-pezešk (romanization)


روان‌پزشک

روانپزشک (canonical)
ravân-pezešk (romanization)


دانشمند

head

دانشمند • (dânešmand) (plural دانشمندان (dânešmandân) or دانشمندها (dânešmand-hâ))

dânešmand (romanization)
دانشمندان (plural)
دانشمندها (plural)

→ Gujarati: દાનિશમંદ (dāniśmand)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਨਸ਼ਮੰਦ (dānśamand)

Shahmukhi script: دانشمند (dānaśmand)

→ Urdu: دانش مند (dāniś-mand)

→ Turkmen: danyşment

→ Azerbaijani: danişmənd

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانشمند (danişmend), տանիշմէնտ (danişmend) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: danişment, danışman
→ Middle Armenian: դանիշման (danišman), դանըշման (danəšman)

From دانش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + ـمند (-mand).

af

زاد دانشمند آثار قلم / زاد صوفی چیست آثار قدم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 160:

The scholar's provision is [consists of] pen-marks [written letters and words]. What is the Súfí's provision? Footmarks.

zâd-e dânešmand âsâr-e qalam / zâd-e sufi či-st âsâr-e qadam


استاد

fa-adj

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
اُسْتَادتَر (comparative)
اُسْتَادتَرین (superlative)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).

prefix

compare Avestan <i class="Avst mention" lang="ae">𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀</i> (auua)


استاد

head

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
استادان (plural)
استادها (plural)
اساتید (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
Gulf Arabic: استاذ (istāḏ)
→ Lishana Deni: אסתאדא (ʾəstāḏa)
→ Malay: ustaz
Indonesian: ustaz
→ Swahili: stadi
→ Yakan: ustad

→ Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)

→ Azerbaijani: usta, ustad

→ Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)

→ Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)

→ Chinese:

→ Dungan: вуста (vusta)

→ Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
→ Bats: ოსტატ (osṭaṭ)
→ Mingrelian: ორსანტი (orsanṭi)
→ Svan: უ̂ოსტა̈ტ (ûosṭäṭ)

→ Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उस्ताद (ustād)

Urdu: استاد (ustād)
→ English: ustad

→ Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)

→ Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)

> Turkish: üstad, üstat, usta (inherited)

→ Albanian: usta

→ Middle Armenian: ուսթայ (ustʻay), ուսթա (ustʻa), ուստայ (ustay)

→ Armenian: ուստա (usta)

→ Romanian: usta

→ Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)

→ Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)

→ Uzbek: usta, ustoz

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)

professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)


کتابدار

head

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

fa-noun

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰi.t̪ʰɔːb.d̪ɔːɾ]

[kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒːb.d̪ɒːɹ]

A compound of کتاب (ketâb) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


اژدر

head

اژدر • (aždar) (plural اَژادُر or اَژْدَرْها)

aždar (romanization)
اَژادُر (plural)
اَژْدَرْها (plural)

Khowar: اژدار (aždár, “dragon”)

Urdu: اَژْدَر (aždár, “dragon”)

اژدها اژدها#Persian

Alternative form of اژدها (aždahâ, “dragon”)


چشم‌پزشکی

چشمپزشکی • (češm-pezeški)

چشمپزشکی (canonical)
češm-pezeški (romanization)


مین

ماین ماین#Persian

(Dari) Alternative form of ماین (“mine (exploding device)”).


نقاش

نقاش • (naqqâš)

fa-noun

نقاش • (naqqâš)

نقش با نقاش چه سگالد دگر / چون سگالش اوش بخشید و خبر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3035:

What else (but good) should the picture think of the painter, since he bestowed thought and knowledge upon it?

naqš bâ naqâš či sigâlad digar / čôn sigâl-aš ô-š baxšid u xabar


امپراتور

head

اِمْپِراتور • (emperâtur) (plural امپراتورها (emperâtur-hâ))

اِمْپِراتور (canonical)
emperâtur (romanization)
امپراتورها (plural)

[ʔɪm.pʰä.ɾɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[ʔem.pʰe.ɹɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


ملکه

ملکه • (maleke) (plural ملکهها (maleke-hâ) or ملکات (malekât))

maleke (romanization)
ملکهها (plural)
ملکات (plural)

Dari: مَلِکَه (malika)

Iranian Persian: مَلِکِه (maleke)

Tajik: малика (malika)

→ Gujarati: મલિકા (malikā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मलिका (malikā)

Urdu: مَلِکَہ (malika)

→ Marwari: मलिका (malikā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਲਕਾ (malkā)

Shahmukhi script: مَلِکَہ (malikah)

→ Sindhi: malikā

Arabic script: مَلڪَھ

Devanagari script: मलिका

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِكَة (malika). By surface analysis, ملک (malek) + ـه (-e).


راهنما

head

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

fa-noun

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

Azerbaijani: rəhnüma

Ottoman Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਹਿਨੁਮਾ (rahinumā)

Shahmukhi script: رہنما (rahnumā)

→ Hindustani:

Devanagari script: रहनुमा (rahnumā)

Arabic script: رہنما (rahnumā)


بازیگر

head

بازیگر • (bâzigar) (plural بازیگران (bâzigarân) or بازیگرها (bâzigar-hâ))

bâzigar (romanization)
بازیگران (plural)
بازیگرها (plural)

→ Assamese: বাজিকৰ (bazikor)

→ Bengali: বাজিগর (bajigor)

→ Gujarati: બાજીગર (bājīgar)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: बाजीगर (bājīgara)
Hindustani: bāzīgar
Hindi: बाज़ीगर
Urdu: بَازِیگََر (bāzīgār)

→ Kannada: ಬಾಜಿಗಾರ (bājigāra)

→ Odia: ବାଜିଗର (bājigara)

→ Old Punjabi: ਬਾਜੀਗਰੁ (bājīgaru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਜ਼ੀਗਰ (bāzīgar)
Shahmukhi script: بازِی گَر (bāzī gar)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: بازيگَرُ

Devanagari script: बाज़ीगरु

[bɒː.ziː.ɡʲǽɹ]

(original sense) rope dancer; tumbler; performing acrobat


عکاس

head

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

fa-noun

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

عَکّاس (canonical)
'akkâs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: əkkas

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɔ́ːs]

[ʔækʲ.kʰɒ́ːs]

Pseudo-Arabic formation from عَکْس ('aks, “photo”), from Arabic عَكْس (ʕaks, “reflection, opposite”), using the Arabic pattern فَعّال (faʕʕāl) which creates words for habitual actions and professions. Compare کَفّاش (kaffâš, “cobbler”).


دیدبان

head

دیدبان • (didbân)

fa-noun

دیدبان • (didbân)

→ Azerbaijani: didəban

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dīdbān), whence also Arabic دَيْدَبَان (daydabān). Analyzable as دید (did, “watch, observe”) + ـبان (bân, “protector”).


ژورنالیست

head

ژورْنالیسْت • (žurnâlist) (plural ژورنالیستها (žurnâlist-hâ))

ژورْنالیسْت (canonical)
žurnâlist (romanization)
ژورنالیستها (plural)


همشیره

همشیره • (hamšire) (plural همشیرگان (hamširegân))

hamšire (romanization)
همشیرگان (plural)

[ʔäm.ʃiː.ɾǽ]

Equivalent to هم (ham, “also, too, similarly, same”) + شیر (šir, “milk”) (i.e. someone one shares mother's milk with).


حاکم

fa-adj

حاکم • (hâkem)


حاکم

head

حاکم • (hâkem) (plural حاکمان (hâkemân) or حاکمها (hâkem-hâ))

hâkem (romanization)
حاکمان (plural)
حاکمها (plural)


یاور

یاور • (yâvar)

fa-noun

یاور • (yâvar)

→ Azerbaijani: yavər

→ Urdu: یاور (yāor)

→ Turkish: yaver

Akin to Parthian ʾdyʾwr (/aδyāwar/, “helper, friend”).


زه

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭩𐭧 (zyḥ /zīh/). Cognate with Avestan 𐬲𐬌𐬌𐬁 (žiiā, “bow-string”) , Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Old Church Slavonic жила (žila), Lithuanian gýsla, Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil) and Sanskrit ज्या (jyā́).


حکم

head

حکم • (hokm) (plural حکمها (hokm-ha) or احکام (ahkâm))

hokm (romanization)
حکمها (plural)
احکام (plural)


سفیر

سفیر • (safir) (plural سفرا (sofarâ) or سفیران (safirân))

safir (romanization)
سفرا (plural)
سفیران (plural)

سفیر کنونی بریتانیا در ایران


روسپی

روسپی • (ruspi) (plural روسپیان (ruspiyân) or روسپیها (ruspi-hâ))

ruspi (romanization)
روسپیان (plural)
روسپیها (plural)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: روسپی (ruspi, rospi, rospu)

→ Armenian: օրոսփի (ōrospʻi)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lwspyk' /rōspīg/, “whore”), equivalent to رو (ru, “face”) + سپید (sapēd, “white, clear, bright”).


دفتر

head

دفتر • (daftar) (plural دفترها (daftar-hâ) or دفاتر (dafâter))

daftar (romanization)
دفترها (plural)
دفاتر (plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਫ਼ਤਰ (daftar)

Shahmukhi script: دفتر (daftar)

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[d̪æf.t̪ʰǽɹ]

[d̪äf.t̪ʰǽɾ]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (dptl /daftar/), from Aramaic דפתרא / ܕܦܬܪܐ, from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra). The learned plural دفاتر (dafâter) is re-borrowed from Arabic.

inh+

دفتر خاطرات روزانه
daftar-e xâterât-e ruzâne
personal journal
(literally, “notebook of daily thoughts”)

بشوی اوراق اگر همدرس مایی
که علم عشق در دفتر نباشد

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 162”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Wash away the pages if you are our classmate,
For the science of love is not in the notebooks.

bišōy awrāq agar hamdars-i mā-yī
ki ilm-i išq dar daftar na-bāšad

رفتم دفترم


عراف

head

عراف • (arrâf)

fa-noun

عراف • (arrâf)


خلبان

head

خلبان • (xalabân or xalbân) (plural خلبانان (xalabânân))

xalabân (romanization)
xalbân (romanization)
خلبانان (plural)

From خله (xale, “(archaic) helm, oar”) + ـبان (-bân). Purism that replaced پایلت (peylât) from English and طیارهچی (tayyâreči) from Arabic with a Turkish suffix.


آموزگار

head

آموزْگار • (âmuzgâr) (plural آموزگاران (âmuzgârân) or آموزگارها (âmuzgâr-hâ))

آموزْگار (canonical)
âmuzgâr (romanization)
آموزگاران (plural)
آموزگارها (plural)

[ʔɑː.moːz.ˈɡɑːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɔː.mʊːz.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔɒː.muːz.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔɔ.mɵz.ɡɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmwckʾl /hammōzgār/). By surface analysis, آموز + گر. Compare Old Armenian համոզակեր (hamozaker).


گل‌فروش

گلفروش (canonical)
gol-foruš (romanization)


جام جهانی

head

جام جهانی • (jâm-e jahâni)

fa:جام جهانی


شمشیربازی

شمشیربازی • (šamširbâzi)

fa-noun

شمشیربازی • (šamširbâzi)

fa:شمشیربازی


صندوقدار

head

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

fa-noun

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

صَندوقدار (canonical)
sanduqdâr (romanization)

[sæn̪.d̪uːʁ.d̪ɒːɹ]


پاتیناژ

head

پاتیناژ • (pâtinâž)

fa-noun

پاتیناژ • (pâtinâž)

[pʰɒː.t̪ʰiː.nɒ́ːʒ]


شاگرد

head

شاگِرْد • (šâgerd) (plural شاگردان (šâgerdân) or شاگردها (šâgerd-hâ))

شاگِرْد (canonical)
šâgerd (romanization)
شاگردان (plural)
شاگردها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şagird

→ Bashkir: шәкерт (şəkert)

→ Bengali: শাগরেদ (śagred)

→ Georgian: შეგირდი (šegirdi)

→ Gujarati: શાગિર્દ (śāgird)

→ Hindi: शागिर्द (śāgird)

→ Urdu: شاگِرْد (śāgird)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şagirt, şagird

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاگرد (şâgird)
Turkish: şakirt
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шѐгрт
Latin script: šègrt

[ʃɑː.ˈɡiɾð̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɔː.ɡíɾd̪̪]

[ʃɒː.ɡʲéɹd̪̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšʾklt' /hašāgird/, “disciple, pupil”), from Proto-Iranian *hašā-kr̥táh-. The first component is from Proto-Iranian *hu-šāk-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu- (“good”) + Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), while the latter component is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”). Akin to Old Armenian աշակերտ (ašakert), Aghwan 𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐕜 (ašarḳeṭ), Iranian borrowings.

der

pupil, student, scholar (one who seeks knowledge from others, also used for martial arts students or members of any sports club)


قلعه

head

قَلعه • (qal'e) (plural قَلعهها (qal'e-hâ) or قِلاع (qelâ'))

قَلعه (canonical)
qal'e (romanization)
قَلعهها (plural)
قِلاع (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qala

→ Bashkir: ҡала (qala)

→ Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़िला (qilā)

desctree

Urdu: قِلْعَہ (qil'a)
→ English: qila
→ Shina: قلعہ (qilla)

→ Kazakh: қала (qala)

→ Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)

→ Marathi: किल्ला (killā)

→ Tajik: қалъа (qalʾa)

→ Tatar: кала (qala)

→ Turkmen: gala

→ Uzbek: qalʼa

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
Turkish: kale
→ Albanian: kala
→ Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
→ Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
→ Macedonian: кале (kale)
→ Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā)

Shahmukhi script: قلعہ (qila)

→ Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)bor.
Persian قلعهBorrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).


خان

head

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خوانین (xavânin))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خوانین (plural)

→ Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

Urdu: خان (xān)

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s. See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹ /qaɣan/) for more.

بیگلربیگی بیگلربیگی#Persian

سلطان سلطان#Persian

(historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:

A Safavid provincial governor ranking between بیگلربیگی (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and سلطان (soltân, “deputy governor”).

In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.

khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:
The Ottoman emperor.

چنگیز خان


خان

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خانات (xânât))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خانات (plural)

→ Arabic: خَان (ḵān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خان (han)
Turkish: han
→ Albanian: han
→ Aromanian: háne
→ Bulgarian: хан (han)
→ Greek: χάνι (cháni)
→ Hungarian: hán
→ Romanian: han
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ха̑н
Latin script: hȃn

fa:کاروانسرا

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /xān/, “house”). See خانه (xâne) for more.

inh

rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


مرمر

→ Azerbaijani: mərmər

→ Bashkir: мәрмәр (mərmər)

→ Karachay-Balkar: мәрмәр

→ Kazakh: мәрмәр (märmär)

→ Northern Kurdish: mermer

desc

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Nogai: мәрмәр

→ Ottoman Turkish: مرمر (mermer)

Turkish: mermer

→ Armenian: մէռմէռ (mēṙmēṙ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਮਰ (marmar)

Shahmukhi script: مرمر (marmar)

→ Tatar: мәрмәр (märmär), märmär

→ Turkmen: mermer

→ Uyghur: مەرمەر (mermer)

→ Uzbek: marmar


ریگ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lyk' /rēg/, “sand”). According to Korn, ultimately inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


سرآشپز

head

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)

fa-noun

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)


چاپار

head

چاپار • (čâpâr)

fa-noun

چاپار • (čâpâr)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈpɑːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.pʰɔ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.pʰɒ́ːɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.pʰɔ́ɾ]

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish چپار / چاپار / چپر (çapar), Ottoman Turkish چاپار (çapar), Azerbaijani çapar. Ultimately from the root underlying Ottoman Turkish چاپمق (çapmak), Azerbaijani çapmaq.
Also from Turkic (directly or via Persian): Middle Armenian չափառ (čʻapʻaṙ), Armenian Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan), Georgian ჩაფარი (čapari), Ossetian чапар (ḱapar), Avar чапар (čapar), Lezgi чапар (čapar), Lak чапар (čapar).

cog

چپار / چاپار / چپر

چاپارچیباشی

čâpârči-bâši


درگر

→ Armenian: դուրգար (durgar)

→ Georgian: დურგალი (durgali)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دولگر (dülger)
Turkish: dülger
→⇒ Armenian: Տյուլկերյան (Tyulkeryan)
→ Romanian: dulgher

From درودگر (dorudgar), from درود (dorud, “timber, plank”) + agentive suffix گر (gar). Already Middle Persian [script needed] (dwlgl /durgar/, “carpenter”).


خشت

خِشْت (canonical)
xešt (romanization)
خشتها (plural)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)
Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)

→ Georgian: ხიშტი (xišṭi)

(archaic) javelin, dart, spear, halberd, poleaxe


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбант (nalbant)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


کرس

From Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (kīru), from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “oven, kiln”).


آخیز

head

آخیز • (âxiz)

fa-noun

آخیز • (âxiz)

From dialectal Armenian *աղիս (*aġis), from Old Armenian աղիւս (ałiws, “brick”). The borrowing reflects the late pronunciation of ղ (ł).


تیغ

→ Azerbaijani: tiğ

→ Bengali: তেগ (teg)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیغ (tiğ)
Turkish: tığ

→ Khalaj: tîğ

→ Punjabi: ਤੇਗ਼ (teġ) / تیغ (teġ)

Possibly from Parthian tēγ (tyg), 'blade'='sword' or 'lance'.
Or Middle Persian tēx (tyh), 'sharp edge, ridge; ray'.
Akin to Old Armenian տէգ (tēg), an Iranian borrowing.


گرزه

→ Azerbaijani: gürzə

→ Armenian: գյուրզա (gyurza)

→ Russian: гюрза́ (gjurzá) (via Turkic)

From گرز (gorz, “mace”) + ـه (-e), because of the snake's large head. Compare Classical Syriac ܓܪܣܐ (gārsā), an Iranian borrowing.


گرز

→ Armenian: գուրզ (gurz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گرز

→ Turkish: gürz

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: गुर्ज़ (gurz)

→ Urdu: گرز (gurz)

→ Chagatai: گرز

→ Kazakh: гүрзі (gürzı), күрзі (kürzı)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wlz /warz/, “mace”), from earlier [script needed] (wzl /wazr/), from Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), from Proto-Iranian *wájrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras. Cognate with Sanskrit वज्र (vájra, “thunderbolt; especially that of Indra”), Erzya: узере (uźeŕe, “axe”) and Northern Sami: veahčir (“hammer”), as well as akin to Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”).


درزی

head

درزی • (darzi) (plural درزیها (darzi-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Armenian: դարզի (darzi)

→ Azerbaijani: dərzi / درزی

→ Bengali: দর্জি (dorji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दर्ज़ी (darzī)

Urdu: درزی (darzī)

→ Pashto: درزي (darzi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਜ਼ੀ (darzī), ਦਰਜੀ (darjī)

Shahmukhi script: درزی (darzī)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترزی (terzi), درزی (derzi)
Turkish: terzi
→ Albanian: terzi
→ Arabic: تَرْزِيّ (tarziyy)
→ Armenian: թարզի (tʻarzi), թերզի (tʻerzi)
→ Bulgarian: терзи́я (terzíja)
→ Georgian: თერძი (terʒi)
→ Macedonian: терзија (terzija)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: терзија
Latin script: terzija

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlcyk' /darzīg/, “tailor”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *darz- (“to attach, fasten; to load; to sew”). Cognate with Talysh دشتن (dešten, “to sew”) (present stem: درز (derz)) (in Shaft).
Also from Iranian: Old Armenian դերձակ (derjak), post-classical դերձիկ (derjik), դերզիկ (derzik), Classical Syriac ܕܪܙܝܩܐ (darzīqā).


تک

From Ottoman Turkish تك (tek, “single”), from Proto-Turkic *tēk.
Or from Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian tʾk (tāg, “item, unit; alone, single”), Persian تا (tâ, “item, unit; plait, fold, ply”).


دایه

head

دایه • (dâye)

fa-noun

دایه • (dâye)

desctree

→ Arabic: دَايَة (dāya)
Andalusian Arabic: داية (dāya)
Gulf Arabic: داية (dāya)

Inherited from Middle Persian dʾyk (dāyak, “nurse”). Akin to Old Armenian դայեակ (dayeak), an Iranian borrowing.


داور

head

داور • (dâvar) (plural داوران (dâvarân) or داورها (dâvar-hâ))

dâvar (romanization)
داوران (plural)
داورها (plural)

→ Classical Azerbaijani: davər

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾtwbl /dādwar/, “judge”) By surface analysis, داد (dâd, “justice”) + ـور (-var).


قهرمان

head

قهرمان • (qahramân) (plural قهرمانان (qahramânân) or قهرمانها (qahramân-hâ))

qahramân (romanization)
قهرمانان (plural)
قهرمانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhrəman

→ Chagatai: قهرمان

Uyghur: قەھرىمان (qehriman)

Uzbek: qahramon

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हरमान (qaharmān)

Urdu: قہرمان (qahrmān)

→ Georgian: ყარამანი (q̇aramani)

→ Kazakh: қаһарман (qaharman)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهرمان

Turkish: kahraman

→ Turkmen: gahryman

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɑː.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɔː.ɾä.mɔ́ːn]

[qæɦ.ɹæ.mɒ́ːn]

From original کهرمان (kahramân), from a dialectal form of Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾlplmʾn /kārframān/, “overseer, manager”), from Old Median *karhramāna-. The form with initial q- by association with Arabic قَهْر (qahr, “conquest, subjugation, violence, wrath”).

der

قهرمان شنا


پادشاه

head

پادِشاه or پادْشاه • (pâdešâh or pâdšâh) (plural پادِشاهان (pâdešâhân) or پادشاهان (pâdšâhân))

پادِشاه (canonical)
پادْشاه (canonical)
pâdešâh (romanization)
pâdšâh (romanization)
پادِشاهان (plural)
پادشاهان (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: بَادْشَاه (bādšāh), بَادِيشَاه (bādīšāh)

→ Azerbaijani:

Latin script: padşah

Cyrillic script: падшаһ

Arabic script: پادشاه

→ Bashkir: батша (batşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Chuvash: патша (patša)

→ Crimean Tatar: padişa

→ Gujarati: પાદશાહ (pādśāh), બાદશાહ (bādśāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बादशाह (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

→ Italian: padiscià

→ Kazakh: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Kyrgyz: падыша (padışa)

→ Old Gujarati: पातशाह (pātaśāha)

Gujarati: પાતશાહ (pātśāh)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه (pādišāh)
Turkish: padişah
→ Bulgarian: падиша́х (padišáh)
→ Cappadocian Greek: Πατισάχης (Patisáchis)
→ Czech: pádišáh
→ Hungarian: padisah
→ Macedonian: падишах (padišah)
→ Romanian: padișah
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: па̀дишах
Latin script: pàdišah

→ Mazanderani: پاشا (pâšâ)

→ Pashto: باچا (bāčā)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ (bādśāh)

→ Russian: падиша́х (padišáx)

→ Southern Altai: батша (batša)

desc

→ Tatar: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Turkmen: patyşa

→ Uyghur: پادىشاھ (padishah)

→ Uzbek: podshoh

[pɑː.ði.ˈʃɑːh]

[pɑːð.ˈʃɑːh]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰɑː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɔː.d̪i.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɔːd̪.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɒː.d̪e.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɒːd̪.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɔ.d̪i.ʃɔ́ʱ]

[pʰɔd̪.ʃɔ́ʱ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šlyta /padixšā(y)/, “ruler, powerful, authoritative, authorized”).


کیش

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

Presumably onomatopoeic, used to scare off chickens, gaining the meaning of "go away, run" and then being used in chess to Literally, “(king) go away”, referring how the king has to make a move to survive.


کشتی‌گیر

head

کشتیگیر • (košti-gir) (plural کشتیگیران (košti-girân) or کشتیگیرها (košti-gir-hâ))

کشتیگیر (canonical)
košti-gir (romanization)
کشتیگیران (plural)
کشتیگیرها (plural)

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰiː.ɡíːɾ]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰiː.ɡíːɾ]

[kʰʊʃ.t̪ʰiː.ɡíːɾ]

[kʰoʃ.t̪ʰiː.ɡʲíːɹ]


کرک

A Turkic borrowing, equivalent to Ottoman Turkish كورك (kürk, “fur”).


کرک

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/kark/); cognate with Khotanese kṛṅga- (“cock”), Mazanderani کرک (kërk), Gilaki کرک (kark, kərk, “hen”), etc.


ستوان

ستوان • (sotvân)

fa-noun

ستوان • (sotvân)


سرجوخه

head

سرجوخه • (sarjuxe) (plural سرجوخهها (sarjuxe-hâ))

sarjuxe (romanization)
سرجوخهها (plural)

From سر (“head”) + جوخه (“platoon, squad”).


شناوری

شناوری • (šenâvari)

fa-noun

شناوری • (šenâvari)


شهبانو

head

شهبانو • (šahbânu)

fa-noun

شهبانو • (šahbânu)

→ Bengali: শাহবানু (śahbanu)

→ English: shahbanu


آچمز

fa-adj

آچمز • (âčmaz)

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɑːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɔːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

[ʔɒːt͡ʃ.mǽz]

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish açmaz (“pinned (chess)”).

(dialectal, mostly Tehran, chess) pinned


غلام

head

غُلام • (ğolâm) (plural غلمان)

fa-noun

غُلام • (ğolâm) (plural غلمان)

غُلام (canonical)
ğolâm (romanization)
غلمان (plural)

من غلام موج آن دریای نور
که چنین گوهر بر آرد در ظهور

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3985:

I am the slave of the billow of that Sea of Light
which brings a pearl like this into view.

man ğulām-i mawj ān daryā-i nūr
ki čūnīn gawhar ārad dar zuhūr


لو

Northwestern Iranian variant of لب (lab, “lip”), see it.

grotto, hollowed-out retreat fit for cattle


بلوک

Borrowed from Chagatai بولك (bölük), cognate to Ottoman Turkish بلوك (bölük, “part, fraction; squadron”).

cog

ولایت ولایت#Persian

cluster of villages or towns constituting a district under a province (ولایت) (pl. ـات)


موشک

head

موشَک • (mušak) (plural موشکها (mušak-hâ))

موشَک (canonical)
mušak (romanization)
موشکها (plural)

→ Central Kurdish: مۆشەک (moşek)

→ Northern Kurdish: moşek

From موش (muš, “mouse, rat”) + ـک (-ak, diminutive suffix). At first of a kind of firework article that resembled the shape of a mouse. (Modern military missiles may still remotely show that similarity.)


خنجر

head

خنجر • (xanjar) (plural خنجرها (xanjar-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: خَنْجَر (ḵanjar)
→ Czech: chandžar
→ English: khanjar
→ French: kangiar, cangiar, kandjar
→ Polish: chandżar, handżar
→ Portuguese: alfanje, alfange (Portugal), canjar, khanjar
→ Slovak: handžár
→ Spanish: alfanje, janyar
→ Tigre: ከንጀር (känǧär)
→ Thai: กั้นหยั่น (gân-yàn)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: խանճալ (xančal), խանճար (xančar), խանչալ (xančʻal), խանչար (xančʻar), խանջալ (xanǰal), խանջար (xanǰar)

Armenian: խանչալ (xančʻal)

→ Azerbaijani: xəncər

→ Georgian: ხანჯალი (xanǯali), ხანჯარი (xanǯari)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ंजर (xañjar)

Urdu: خنجر (xañjar)

→ Kazakh: қанжар (qanjar)

→ Kumyk: хынжал (xınjal)

→ Kyrgyz: канжар (kanjar)

→ Nepali: खञ्जर् (khañjar)

→ Nogai: кынжал (kınjal)

→ Old East Slavic: кончарь (končarĭ), кончакъ (končakŭ), коньчякъ (konĭčjakŭ), концакъ (koncakŭ), коньцакъ (konĭcakŭ), кончѣръ (končěrŭ), кочань (kočanĭ) (via Turkic)

Belarusian: кінжа́л (kinžál)

Russian: кинжа́л (kinžál), канжа́р (kanžár), ханжа́р (xanžár), конче́рь (končérʹ)

Polish: kindżał

Ukrainian: кинджа́л (kyndžál), кінча́к (kinčák)

→ Classical Syriac: ܚܢܓܪܐ (ḥangərā)

→ Crimean Tatar: къанджер, ханджер, гъанджер

→ Tatar: хәнҗәр (xäncär)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خنجر (hancer), خنچار (hançar), خنچر (hançer)
Turkish: hançer
→ Belarusian: ханджа́р (xandžár)
→ Bulgarian: ханджа́р (handžár)
→ Old Czech: končier
Czech: končíř
Slovak: končiar, končur
→ Hungarian: handzsár
Czech: handžár
→ Italian: canciàro, canciàrro, cangiàro
→ Macedonian: а́нџар (ándžar)
→ Polish: koncerz
→ Romanian: hanger
→ Russian: ханджа́р (xandžár)
→ Serbo-Croatian: hàndžār / ха̀нџа̄р
→ German: Handschar
→ Sicilian: canciarru
→ Ukrainian: ханджа́р (xandžár)
→ Venetan: ganzar

→ Turkmen: hancar

From Middle Persian [Term?]; compare Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (xnjyr /xenjer/), [Manichaean needed] (hynjyr /henjer/, “dagger”).


مله

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) swimming


سنان

head

سنان • (senân)

fa-noun

سنان • (senân)


سوداگر

head

سوداگر • (sowdâgar) (plural سوداگران (sowdâgarân) or سوداگرها (sowdâgar-hâ))

sowdâgar (romanization)
سوداگران (plural)
سوداگرها (plural)

→ Bengali: সওদাগর (śoōdagor)

→ Kazakh: саудагер (saudager)

→ Kyrgyz: соодагер (soodager)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सौदागर (saudāgar)

Urdu: سوداگر (saudāgar)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sudagar
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢꦒꦂ (sudagar, “merchant, trader”)
→ Indonesian: sudagar (“merchant, trader”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوداگر (sevdâger)

→ Uzbek: savdogar / савдогар (savdogar)

→ Uyghur: سودىگەر (sodiger)

→ Malay: saudagar

Indonesian: saudagar

→ Turkmen: söwdagär

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɔː.ɡǽɾ]


سپاهی

head

سپاهی • (sipāhī／sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)

sipāhī／sepâhi (romanization)
سپاهیان (plural)

desc

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)

Urdu: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

→ Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)

→ Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)

Shahmukhi script: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

From سپاه (sipāh／sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī／-i, noun forming suffix).


شاه‌مات

head

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

fa-noun

شاهمات • (šâh-mât)

شاهمات (canonical)
šâh-mât (romanization)

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɑːɦ.mɑːt̪]

[ʃɒːɦ.mɒːt̪]

Literally, “the king is amazed”, from شاه (šâh, “king”) + مات (mât, “stunned, amazed”). When the term passed into Arabic before being borrowed into Romance languages, the second element was interpreted as مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). The Tajik usage of шоҳмот (šohmot) to mean "chess" is a phono-semantic matching of Russian шахматы (šaxmaty).


شاهنشاه

head

شاهَنْشاه • (šâhanšâh) (plural شاهنشاهان (šâhanšâhân) or شاهنشاهها (šâhanšâh-hâ))

شاهَنْشاه (canonical)
šâhanšâh (romanization)
شاهنشاهان (plural)
شاهنشاهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: شَهَنْشَاه

→ Azerbaijani: şahənşah

→ English: shahanshah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहंशाह (śahañśāh)

desc

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

→ Middle Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهنشاه (şâhenşâh), شاهنشه (şâhenşeh), شهنشاه (şehenşâh), شهنشه (şehenşeh)

Turkish: şehinşah

→ Romanian: șahinșah

→ Polish: szachinszach

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ (śahinśāh)

Shahmukhi script: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɒː.ɦæn.ʃɒːʱ]

[ʃɔ.ɦän.ʃɔʱ]

From earlier شَاهَانشَاه (šāhān-šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān šāh, “king of kings”).


چوگان

head

چوگان • (čowgân)

fa-noun

چوگان • (čowgân)

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰow.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.ɡɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰäw.ɡɔ́n]

From Middle Persian cwpkʾn' (čōbagān, *čaw(la)gān), cwgʾn' (čōgān).

uder

977-1010, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
ز چوگان او گوی شد ناپدید
تو گفتی سپهرش همیبرکشید
zi čawgān-i ō gōy šud nāpadīd
tu guftī sipihraš hamē-bar-kašīd
From [the kick of] his polo-stick, the ball disappeared

It looked such that it was surpassing the heavens


دلاک

head

دلاک • (dallâk) (plural دلاکان (dallâkân))

→ Armenian: դալլաք (dallakʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: dəllək

→ Georgian: დალაქი (dalaki)

→ Gujarati: દલ્લાક (dallāk)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلاك (dellak), تلاك (tellak), تلاق (tellak)

Turkish: tellak


پیک

head

پیک • (peyk) (plural پیکها (peyk-hâ) or پیکان (peykân))

peyk (romanization)
پیکها (plural)
پیکان (plural)

→ Georgian: ფაიკი (paiḳi)

→ Middle Armenian: փայիգ (pʻayig)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pdk' /payg/, “foot-soldier, courier”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”). Cognate with Sanskrit पदिक (padika, “going on foot, pedestrian”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պայիկ (payik), Georgian პაიკი (ṗaiḳi), Classical Syriac ܦܱܝܓܳܐ (faygā), Arabic فَيْج (fayj), فَوْج (fawj).


کماندار

head

کماندار • (kamândâr) (plural کمانداران (kamândârân) or کماندارها (kamândâr-hâ))

kamândâr (romanization)
کمانداران (plural)
کماندارها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાનદાર (kamāndār)

From کمان (kamân, “bow, arch”) + ـدار (-dâr).
Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭣𐭠𐭫 (kamāndār)


بازرگان

بازرگان • (bâzargân)

fa-proper noun

بازرگان • (bâzargân)

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɔː.zäɾ.ɡɔːn]

[bɒː.zæɹ.ɡɒːn]

From earlier بازارگان (bâzârgân), from Middle Persian wʾčʾlkʾn' (wāzāragān, “merchant”). Compare Old Armenian վաճառական (vačaṙakan). Analyzable as بازار (bâzâr, “bazaar”) + ـگان (gân).


کرد

head

کرد • (kord) (plural کردان (kordân) or اکراد (akrâd))

kord (romanization)
کردان (plural)
اکراد (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwrt /kurd/), of uncertain origin, assumed from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (“herd”).

inh

گروهی از اکراد در کوههای میان اصفهان و خوزستان و این نواحی بدیشان شناخته آید و بلاد لر خوانند و هم لرستان و لور گویند.

1224-1228, Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mu’jam ul-Buldān (Persian translation)

[ Lurs are ] a group of nomads who live in the mountains between Isfahan and Khuzestan and these territories are known to be theirs and they are called the Lur people and they are also called “Luristan” and “Lur”.

goruh-i az akrâd dar kuh-hâ-ye muyân-e esfehân o xuzestân, o in navâhi bedišân šenâxte âyad o balad lor xânand o ham lorestân o lur guyand.


رئیس‌جمهور

head

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور • (ra'is-jomhur) (plural رئیسجمهوران (ra'is-jomhurân) or رئیسجمهورها (ra'is-jomhur-hâ))

fa-noun

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور (canonical)
ra'is-jomhur (romanization)
رئیسجمهوران (plural)
رئیسجمهورها (plural)


تکواندو

head

تکواندو • (tekvândo)

fa-noun

تکواندو • (tekvândo)


کشتی فرنگی

fa:کشتی فرنگی