برنج

berenj (romanization)
birinj (romanization)

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]


برنج

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blnc /brinǰ/), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫗𐫃 (brynng /bring/, “bronze, brass”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫛𐫓𐫏𐫗𐫝 (plync /plinǰ/). Compare Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj), Old Georgian პილენძი (ṗilenʒi, “copper”), Aghwan 𐕗𐔼𐔾𐔼𐕎𐕕 (ṗilinʒ, “bronze”), Udi пӏилиндж (ṗilinǯ, “copper”), Classical Syriac ܦܠܙܐ (plezzā), Middle Iranian borrowings.


طلا

talâ (romanization)
telâ (romanization)
tellâ (romanization)

desc

→ Georgian: თელა (tela) (chiefly Fereydan)

Mashhad, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan


زر

→ Armenian: զառ (zaṙ), զար (zar)

→ Azerbaijani: zər

→ Bengali: জর (zôr)

→ Georgian: ზარი (zari)

→ Gujarati: જર (jar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़र (zar)

Urdu: زر (zar)

→ Marathi: जर (j̈ar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زر

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰ (zar)

Shahmukhi script: زَر (zar)

From Middle Persian *zarr (“gold”), from Parthian *zarn (“gold”); the inherited form would have started with a D, as is seen in Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y). Ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Indo-Iranian cognates include Northern Kurdish zêrr, and Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya). Other cognates include Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato), Latvian zelts, and English gold and yellow.


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-, *gʰer- (“to encircle; to spin around”).


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”).

همی نوبهار آید و تیر ماه/ جهان گاه برنا شود گاه زر


نقره

Borrowed from Arabic نُقْرَة (nuqra).
From Sogdian [script needed] (n'krtk-w /nākarta/).

der

زر و نقره گر نبودندی نهان / پرورش کی یافتندی زیر کان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 178:

If gold and silver were not hidden, how would they get nourishment [grow and ripen] in the mine?

zar o noqre gar na-budandi nehân / parvareš key yâftandi zir-e kân


آهن

head

آهن • (âhan)

fa-noun

آهن • (âhan)

→ Khalaj: âhən

→ Brahui: اهین

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾh(y)n' /āhan/, “iron”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwā.


پولاد

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پولاد • (pōlād)

fa-noun

پولاد • (pōlād)

desc

→ Arabic: فُولَاذ (fūlāḏ), بُولَاد (būlād)

Andalusian Arabic: فُولَاذ

Egyptian Arabic: بولاد (bulād)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܦܘܠܕ (pūlāḏ)

→ Azerbaijani: polad

→ Bashkir: Булат (Bulat)

→ Buryat: булад (bulad)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur:

Arabic script: پولات (polat)

Cyrillic script: полат (polat)

Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: пўлат (poʻlat)

Latin script: poʻlat

desctree

→ Georgian: ფოლადი (poladi)
→ Bats: ფოლად (polad)
→ Mingrelian: ფოლანდი (polandi), ფულანდი (pulandi)
→ Svan: ფოლა̈დ (poläd)

→ Gujarati: પોલાદ (polād)

→ Hebrew: פלדה (pladá)

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: بولات

Cyrillic script: болат (bolat)

→ Kyrgyz: болот (bolot)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փոլատ (pʻolat), փօլատ (pʻōlat)

→ Middle Mongol:

Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Cyrillic script: болд (bold)

→ Chinese: 孛羅／孛罗 (Bóluó)

→ Written Oirat: ᡋᡆᠯᡆᡑ (bolod)

Kalmyk: болд (bold)

→ Ossetian: болат (bolat) (via Turkic)

→ Russian: булат (bulat) (via Turkic)

→ English: bulat

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولاد (pûlâd, polâd)

Turkish: polat

Siberian Turkic (via Kipchak or Mongolic):

→ Khakas: молат (molat)

→ Shor: молат (molat)

→ Northern Altai: полот (polot)

→ Tofa: болат (bolat)

→ Tuvan: болат (bolat)

→ Turkmen: polat

[pʰʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰuː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwlʾpt'), 𐫛𐫇𐫓𐫀𐫇𐫅 (pwlʾwd /pōlāwad/). Probably from Old Persian *paurāvat-/*paurāvatī (meaning: “(equipped) with sharp metal blade”). Cognate with Iranian borrowing Old Armenian պողովատ (połovat), պողոպատ (połopat).

inh

فولاد فولاد#Persian

Early Classical form of فولاد (fulâd, “steel”)


پولاد

head

پولاد • (pôlâd)

fa-noun

پولاد • (pôlâd)

desc

→ Bashkir: Булат (Bulat), Бикбулат (Bikbulat)

→ Kazakh: Болат (Bolat)

→ Kyrgyz: Болот (Bolot)

→ Turkish: Polat

→ Uyghur: پولات (polat)

[pʰʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰuː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]


آلیاژ

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آلیاژ • (âliyâž) (plural آلیاژها (âliyâž-hâ))

[ʔɒː.li.jɒ́ːʒ]


روی

Derived from روی (ruy, "face") (see etymology 2) + ezafe.


روی

the last letter of a distich, in which all the verses in the same poem terminate


روی

com

present stem form of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

رو (rav, “present stem form of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)”) + ی (i, “ezafe suffix”)


قلع

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy).


سرب

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (slwp /srub/, “lead”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sьrebro.


پرنگ

desctree

Malay: piring
Indonesian: piring
→ Afrikaans: piering
→ Portuguese: pires
→ Bengali: পিরিচ (piric)
→ Ternate: piring

Akin to Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj, “copper”), an Iranian borrowing.


توله

head

توله • (tôle)

fa-noun

توله • (tôle)

Borrowed from Hindustani تولا (tola) / तोला (tolā). The weight corresponds to the weight of an Indian silver rupee during the whole Mughal Empire.

تولا تولا#Persian

Alternative form of تولا (tôlâ, “weight measure for especially silver and gold of about 11.6 grams”)


سندان

head

سندان • (sendân)

fa-noun

سندان • (sendân)

→ Armenian: զնդան (zndan)

Akin to Classical Syriac ܣܕܢܐ (seddānā), Arabic سَنْدَان (sandān, “anvil”) and perhaps Old Armenian սանդ (sand, “pounding-mortar”), Iranian borrowings.


نورد

Prefixed form of Middle Persian [script needed] (wlt- /ward-/, “to turn”), whence گرد (gard, “round; circular”). See there for more. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nwrt- /nəwart-/, “to turn thither”).


سیماب

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سیماب • (simâb)

fa-noun

سیماب • (simâb)

→ Kazakh: сынап (synap)

→ Kyrgyz: сымап (sımap)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیماب (sîmâb)

→ Turkmen: simap

→ Uyghur: سىماب (simab)

→ Uzbek: simob

→ Kashmiri: sīmāb

From سیم (sim, “silver”) + آب (âb, “water”). Semantically, compare e.g. Ancient Greek ὑδράργυρος (hudrárguros), Chinese 水銀／水银 (shuǐyín).

zh-l

水銀／水银 (shuǐyín)

زمین از جلوه سرشار مهتاب تموج داشت همچون آب سیماب

1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

With the inebriated epiphany of moonlight, the earth made a wave-like movement, resembling quicksilver.

zamin az jelve-ye saršâr-e mahtâb tamavvoj dâšt hamčon âb-e simâb


برنز

بُرُنز (canonical)
برُنز (canonical)
boronz (romanization)
bronz (romanization)

Borrowed from French bronze, itself from Italian bronzo. See there for further information, but perhaps ultimately a twice-borrowed term from Persian برنج (berenj, “brass”) or Persian پرنگ (pereng, “copper”). Nowadays more common than older مفرغ (mefrağ), from Arabic.