مارس

head

مارس • (mârs)

fa-noun

مارس • (mârs)

Borrowed from French Mars, from Latin Mārs.


آتش

Tajik: оташ (otaš)

→ Bengali: আতশ (ātôş)

→ Gujarati: આતશ (atiş)

→ Northern Kurdish: atêş, ateş

→ Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

→ Kyrgyz: аташ (ataş)

→ Azerbaijani: atəş

→ Old Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آتش (ateş)
Turkish: ateş

→ Turkmen: ataş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आतिश (ātiś)

Urdu: آتش (ātiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਤਸ਼ (ātaś)

Shahmukhi script: آتش (ātaś)

→ Uzbek: آتش (ataş) (Sart), otas

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰéːʃ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰíːʃ]

From Middle Persian ʾthš (ātaxš, “fire”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”) for its special meaning in Zoroastrianism and well preserved unlike the native word آذر (âzar, “fire”). Doublet of آذر. Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for further information.


زرتشت

desc

→ Arabic: زَرَادُشْت (zarādušt), زَرَادَشْت (zarādašt)

→ Azerbaijani: Zərdüşt

→ Turkish: Zerdüşt

→ Urdu: زَرتُشت (zartušt, zartašt)

→ Uyghur: زەردۇشت (zerdusht)

→ Uzbek: Zardusht

→ Zazaki: Zerduşt

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

[zæɹ.t̪ʰóʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭫𐭲𐭥𐭱𐭲 (zltwšt /Zardu(x)št/), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬋 (zaraθuštrō).

uder

Zoroaster, alternatively spelt Zarathustra


اوستا

head

اوستا • (avestâ)

fa-proper noun

اوستا • (avestâ)

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔä.väs.t̪ʰɔ́]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (abestāg /ʾp(y)stʾk'/). Of unknown meaning, but probably from Avestan; possibly 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬬𐬀𐬐𐬀 (upastāvaka, “praise”), from 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (upastaoⁱti, “he praises”), from -𐬎𐬞𐬀 (-upa, “up to, at”) << Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)upamás << Proto-Indo-European *upó + 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (staoⁱti, “he praises”) (see Sanskrit स्तुति (stuti, “praise”)), though this is not actually attested in any Avestan texts.


نوروز

نُوروز (canonical)
nowruz (romanization)
نوروز (singular)
nowruz (singular)
نوروزها (plural)
nowruz-hấ (plural)
نوروزا (colloquial plural)
nowruzấ (plural)
نوروز را (definite direct-object singular)
nowruz râ (definite direct-object singular)
نوروز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nowruzo (definite direct-object singular)
نوروزها را (definite direct-object plural)
nowruz-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نوروزا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nowruzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نوروز (ezafe singular)
nowruz-e (ezafe singular)
نوروزهای (ezafe plural)
nowruz-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nowruzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزی (definite relative singular)
نوروزی (indefinite singular stressed)
nowruz-i (definite relative singular)
nowruz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نوروزهایی (definite plural relative)
نوروزهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نوروزایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấi (definite plural relative)
nowruzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruzam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهام، نوروزام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nowruzấm (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzet (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهات، نوروزات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzất (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzeš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهاش، نوروزاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzấš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهامون، نوروزامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهاتون، نوروزاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešun (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهاشون، نوروزاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzấšun (plural possessive third-person)

desc

Arabic: نَوْرُوز (nawrūz), نَيْرُوز (nayrūz)

Azerbaijani: Novruz

Bashkir: Науруз (Nawruz)

Bengali: নওরোজ (nôoroz), নওরোজা (nôoroza)

Gujarati: નવરોજ (navroj)

Kazakh: Наурыз (Nauryz)

Northern Kurdish: newroz

Kyrgyz: Нооруз (Nooruz)

Russian: Навруз (Navruz)

Turkish: Nevruz

Turkmen: Nowruz

Uzbek: Navroʻz

Uyghur: نورۇز (noruz)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwklwc /nōg-rōz/, “New Year's day”) (Pazend 𐬥𐬋𐬭𐬋𐬰 (nōrōz)), from 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nwky /nōg/, “new”) + 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM /rōz/, “day”). By surface analysis, نو (now, “new”) + روز (ruz, “day”).

surf

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh, "پادشاهی بهرام گور"
چو شد ساخته کار آتشکده
همان جای نوروز و جشن سده
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
خود و نامداران و آزادگان
ču šud sâxta kâr-i âtaškada
hamân jây-i nawrôz u jašn-i sada
biyâmad sôy-i âzarâbâdagân
xwad u nâmdârân u âzâdagân

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

بر چهرهٔ گل نسیم نوروز خوش است
در صحن چمن روی دلافروز خوش است
از دی که گذشت هر چه گویی خوش نیست
خوش باش و ز دی مگو که امروز خوش است
bar čihra-i gul nasîm-i nawrôz xwaš ast
dar sahn-i čaman rôy-i dil-afrôz xwaš ast
az dî ki guzašt har či gôyî xwaš nêst

1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubaiyat, ruba'i #19

xwaš bâš u zi dî ma-gô ki imrôz xvaš ast

نظر به روی تو هر بامداد نوروزیست
شب فراق تو هر شب که هست یلداییست
nazar ba rôy-i tu har bâmdâd nawrôzêst

1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan, ghazal #112

šab-i firâq-i tu har šab ki hast yaldâêst

مستی و عاشقی و جوانی و یار ما
نوروز و نوبهار و حمل میزند صلا
هرگز ندیده چشم جهان این چنین بهار
میروید از زمین و ز کهسار کیمیا
mastî u âšiqî u javânî u yâr-i mâ
nawrôz u nawbahâr u hamal mê-zanad salâ
hargiz nadîda čašm-i jahân în čunîn bahâr

1207-1273, Rumi, Divan-e Shams, tarji' #7

Nowruz, New Year in the Iranian and Zoroastrian calendar, celebrated on the spring equinox.


دیو

head

دیو • (div) (plural دیوان (divân) or دیوها (div-hâ))

div (romanization)
دیوان (plural)
دیوها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دِيُو (diyū)
→ Kazakh: дию (diü)

→ Bengali: দেও (deō)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देव (dev)

Urdu: دیو (dev)

→ Kazakh: дәу (däu)

→ Turkmen: döw

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
Turkish: dev, div
→ Serbo-Croatian: div / див

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, forces of the Evil One”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (daiva-), from Proto-Iranian *daywáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

inh+

demon, devil, goblin; evil supernatural creature

(Zoroastrianism) daeva, a spirit of evil


آتشکده

head

آتشکده • (âtaškade) (plural آتشکدهها (âtaškade-hâ))

âtaškade (romanization)
آتشکدهها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]


اهریمن

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman) (plural اهریمنان (ahrimanân) or اهریمنها (ahriman-hâ))

اَهْریمَن (canonical)
ahriman (romanization)
اهریمنان (plural)
اهریمنها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾhlmn', ʾhlymn', 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (Ahreman).


اهریمن

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

fa-proper noun

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

اَهْریمَن (canonical)
ahriman (romanization)


بهرام

head

بهرام • (bahrâm)

fa-proper noun

بهرام • (bahrâm)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: Բերամ (Beram), Պերամ (Peram)

→ Gujarati: બહરામ (bahrām)

→ Urdu: بہرام (bahrām)

From Middle Iranian (see Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭉𐭇𐭓𐭌 (wryḥrm /Wahrām/, “war god, god of victory”) and Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬 (ʿlḥlʾn / ʿʾḥlʾm /Wahrām/)), from Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀 (vər^əθraγna, “smiting of resistance, victorious”), from Proto-Iranian *Wr̥tragnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Wr̥tragʰnás.
Related to Sanskrit वृत्रहन् (vṛtrá-hán, “smiter of vṛtra, i.e. smiting the cause of covering/hiding”). In pre-Islamic Iran mythologically conflated with the Persian Gulf narrows (which oral tradition considered to be a remnant of the "obstruction" that was overcome by Verethragna), hence in Iranian folk etymology incorrectly identified with the toponym "Bahrain."

der

𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬


پری

head

پری • (pari) (plural پریان (pariyān) or پریها (pari-hâ))

pari (romanization)
پریان (plural)
پریها (plural)

Azerbaijani: pəri

→ Bengali: পরী (pori)

Chagatai: پری

Uyghur: پەرى (peri)

Uzbek: pari

→ Gujarati: પરી (parī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परी (parī)

Urdu: پری (parī)

Kazakh: пері (perı)

Northern Kurdish: perî

Southern Kurdish: پەری (perî)

Kyrgyz: пери (peri)

Malay: peri

Indonesian: peri (“fairy”)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پری (peri)
Turkish: peri
→ Albanian: perri
→ Armenian: փերի (pʻeri)
→ Crimean Tatar: peri
→ English: peri
→ French: péri
→ Russian: пе́ри (péri)

Pashto: پري (pari)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੀ (parī)

Shahmukhi script: پری (parī)

Sindhi: پري (parī)

Tajik: парӣ (parī)

Tatar: пәри (päri)

Turkmen: peri

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plyk' /parīg/, “witch”), ultimately from Old Persian *parikā. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian pryg (pryg), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “sorceress, witch”), Sogdian [script needed] (pṛʿyk-, “female demoness”) and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), an Iranian borrowing. Connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), and from Indo-European root *pelē- ‘to fill,’ Latin plēnus ‘full.’ Middle Persian parīg, Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), Latin parcae (“fates”), Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás, “youth, maiden”), Sanskrit पारक्य (pārakya, “strange, alien”). Pokorny derives this from Proto-Indo-European *parīkā (“concubine”).


گاه

→ Azerbaijani: gah

→ Northern Kurdish: geh

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs), 𐫃𐫀𐫍 (gʾh /gāh/, “place, throne, bed; time”), from Old Persian [script needed] (gāθu-, “place; throne, chair”), from Proto-Iranian *gātu- / *gāθu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬙𐬎 (gātu, “place, seat, throne”) and Sanskrit गातु (gātú, “going; way; place”). Doublet of جاه (jâh), which passed through Arabic.

cog

(Zoroastrianism) One of the five ritual divisions of a 24-hour day, each with a specific Zoroastrian prayer.


مهر

head

مِهْر • (mehr)

fa-proper noun

مِهْر • (mehr)

→ Armenian: Մհեր (Mher)

From Middle Persian mtr' (Mihr), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra), Ancient Greek μεσίτης (mesítēs).

der

(Zoroastrianism) Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.


موبد

mowbed (romanization)
mubed (romanization)

From [Book Pahlavi needed] (mgwpt' /mowbed/) with the same meaning, from Proto-Iranian *magu-pati- (literally “head of the Magi”). For the constituents see مغ (moğ) and بد (-bed). Doublet of مغبد (moğ-bed). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian մոգպետ (mogpet), մովպետան մովպետ (movpetan movpet), մուբիտան մուբիտ (mubitan mubit), Classical Syriac ܡܘܒܕ (mawbed), ܡܘܗܦܛܐ (mawhəp̄āṭā).


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


دروند

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (druwand /dlwnd/, “sinful, unrighteous [one]”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (druuaṇt), 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah-wánts (“follower of the Lie”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan).


دروند

→ Gujarati: દુરવંદ (durvand)

(Zoroastrianism, archaic) infidel, non-Zoroastrian; (usually) Muslim


دستور

head

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

دَسْتور (canonical)
dastur (romanization)
دستورها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
Turkish: düstur
→ Swahili: desturi

→ Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)

→ English: dastur

→ Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

→ Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

Northern Kurdish: destûr

→ Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

→ Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).


نسک

(rare, purist) book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


اهورامزدا

head

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː.mäz.d̪ɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː.mæz.d̪ɒ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦu.ɾɔ́.mäz.d̪ɔ́]


مزدیسنا

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (mazdaiiasna). A modern borrowing that displaced classical مزدیسن (mazdayasn), of the same source and meaning.


اهورا

head

اهورا • (ahurâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورا • (ahurâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː]

a male given name, Ahura, Ahoura, or Ahoora, from Avestan


زرتشتی

[zæɾt̪ʰoʃˈt̪ʰiː]

From زرتشت + ـی.


زرتشتی

head

زرتشتی • (zartošti) (plural زرتشتیان (zartoštiân) or زرتشتیها (zartošti-hâ))

zartošti (romanization)
زرتشتیان (plural)
زرتشتیها (plural)

[zæɾt̪ʰoʃˈt̪ʰiː]

From زرتشت + ـی.


سوشینت

سوشینت • (sošyant)

fa-noun

سوشینت • (sošyant)


سوشیانت

head

سوشیانت • (sošyânt)

fa-noun

سوشیانت • (sošyânt)


سوشیانس

head

سوشیانس • (sošyâns)

fa-noun

سوشیانس • (sošyâns)

From Middle Persian swkšydns (sōšyans), from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬝 (saoš́iiaṇt̰).


پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

head

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

pendâr-e nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[pin.dɑː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kaɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰɪn̪.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰen̪.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰäɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

uder

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds
Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds; a phrase that represents the three pillars of Zoroastrian Faith

en-پندار_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-3Vcga6yM


مغ

head

مُغ • (moğ) (plural مُغان (moğân) or مُغها (moğ-hâ))

مُغ (canonical)
moğ (romanization)
مُغان (plural)
مُغها (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭢𐭥 (mgw /mow/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (m-gu-u-š /maguš/).

توشعار ملت اسلامیان بگذار اگر خواهی، که در دیر مغان آیی و اسرار نهان بینی.

c. 1585, عرفی شیرازی ('Orfi Shirazi), “Poem 56”, in قصیدهها

Put aside the customs of the Muslim people if you wish, that you may enter the temples of the magi and see [their] arcane secrets.

še'âr-e mellat-e eslâmiyân bogzâr agar xâhi, ke dar deyr-e moğân âyi o asrâr-e nehân bini.


آتنا

آتنا • (âtenâ)

fa-proper noun

آتنا • (âtenâ)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰi.nɔː]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰe.nɒː]

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).

(Greek mythology) Athena (goddess of wisdom)


اورانوس

head

اورانوس • (urânus)

fa-proper noun

اورانوس • (urânus)

From Latin Uranus, from Ancient Greek Οὐρανός (Ouranós).


گیلگمش

[ɡʲilɡʲæˈmeʃ]


زرادشت

head

زرادشت • (zarâdošt)

fa-proper noun

زرادشت • (zarâdošt)

زردشت زردشت#Persian


مهرگان

desctree

→ Arabic: مِهْرَجان (mihrajān)
South Levantine Arabic: مهرجان (mahrajān)

[me̞ɦ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[me̞ɦ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[mɪ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mihragān). By surface analysis, مهر (mehr, the first month of autumn in the Zoroastrian calendar) + ـگان (-gân, relational suffix).

surf

مهر
<id:mihr><pos:the first month of autumn in the Zoroastrian calendar>

(Zoroastrianism) Mehregan (festival held in the month of Mehr)


زاوش

head

زَاوُشْ • (zâvoš)

fa-proper noun

زَاوُشْ • (zâvoš)

زَاوُشْ (canonical)
zâvoš (romanization)

Derived from Avestan 𐬛𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬱 (dyaoš), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús), Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (Sius).


ژوپیتر

head

ژوپیتر • (župiter)

fa-proper noun

ژوپیتر • (župiter)

župiter (romanization)
ژوپیترم (first-person possessive singular)
župiteram (first-person possessive singular)
ژوپیترمان (first-person plural possessive)
župiteremân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
župiteremun (first-person plural possessive)
ژوپیترت (possessive second-person singular)
župiterat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
župiteret (possessive second-person singular)
ژوپیترتان (plural possessive second-person)
župiteretân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
župiteretun (plural possessive second-person)
ژوپیترش (possessive singular third-person)
župiteraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
župitereš (possessive singular third-person)
ژوپیترشان (plural possessive third-person)
župiterešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
župiterešun (plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from French Jupiter, from Latin Iuppiter.


اورمزد

urmazd (romanization)
اورمزدم (first-person possessive singular)
Urmazdam (first-person possessive singular)
اورمزدمان (first-person plural possessive)
Urmazdemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
Urmazdemun (first-person plural possessive)
اورمزدت (possessive second-person singular)
Urmazdat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
Urmazdet (possessive second-person singular)
اورمزدتان (plural possessive second-person)
Urmazdetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
Urmazdetun (plural possessive second-person)
اورمزدش (possessive singular third-person)
Urmazdaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
Urmazdeš (possessive singular third-person)
اورمزدشان (plural possessive third-person)
Urmazdešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
Urmazdešun (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣 (Ōhrmazd). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭌𐭆𐭃 (ʾḥwrmzd).


زئوس

From French Zeus, from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).


میزد

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀 (miiazda). Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (mēzd), also from Avestan.


سروش

head

سروش • (sorôš)

fa-proper noun

سروش • (sorôš)

→ Azerbaijani: süruş

→ Udi: соруш (soruš)

→ Urdu: سروش (saroš)

Inherited from Middle Persian slwš (/Srōš/), from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬊𐬱𐬀 (sraoša, “Sraosha”).

inh+

(Zoroastrianism, Iranian mythology) Sraosha, yazata of conscience


اطلس

Borrowed from Arabic أَطْلَس, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).


خونیرث

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwnyls’ /xwanīrah/, “Xwanirah”), with the influence of Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (xᵛaniraθa).

inh

(Zoroastrianism) Xwanirah, the central and largest of the continents in Zoroastrianism and Old Iranian Mythology, believed to be the region where the most advanced civilizations on earth reside.


اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

head

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (andiš-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

andiš-e nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[ʔan.deː.ʃi neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kiɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪eː.ʃɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰɪɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪i.ʃi neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰiɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔæn̪.d̪iː.ʃe niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[ʔän̪.d̪e.ʃi nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰiɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

cal

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta)

en-اندیشه_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-3Vcga6yM


زردشت

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪úʃt̪]

[zæɹ.d̪óʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪úʃt̪]

زرتشت زرتشت#Persian


چینود

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cynwt' /činwad/), which was borrowed from Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬬𐬀𐬙𐬋 (cinvatō). Both the concept and the word were then transferred to Islam following the Arab conquests.

inh+

ترا هست محشر رسول حجاز
دهنده به پول چنیود جواز
tu rā hast mahšar rasūl-i hijāz

1066, Asadī Ṭūsī, گرشاسپنامه [Garshāsp Nāma]

On Resurrection Day, the Prophet from Hejaz is there for you
To grant the right of passage on the Bridge of Chinavad.
(Classical Persian romanization)

(Zoroastrianism, Islam) An extremely narrow bridge that Zoroastrians and Muslims believe all souls will cross on Doomsday, with only the virtuous able to cross. Called the Chinvat Bridge in Avestan and al-Ṣirāṭ in Arabic.


درون

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwn' /drōn/, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”), also attested in Classical Syriac ܕܪܘܢ (drōn, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”) and a derivative ܕܪܘܢܝܐ (drōnāyyā, “a kind of attendant serving sacred bread”).


دخمه

→ Azerbaijani: dəxmə

→ Ottoman Turkish: دخمه (dahme)

Turkish: dahme

→ Urdu: دخمہ (daxma)

→ Uzbek: daxma

(Zoroastrianism) dakhma, tower of silence


آتشدان

head

آتشدان • (âtašdân)

fa-noun

آتشدان • (âtašdân)

→ Gujarati: આતશદાન (ātaśdān)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɔ́n]

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + ـدان (-dân, “holder, container”).

af

(Zoroastrianism) fire altar; vessel of the sacred flame


فرشگرد

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪̥]

[fi.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪̥]

[fæ.ɹæʃ.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

[fe.ɹæʃ.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪]

[fi.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (prš(y)gyrd /fraš(a)gird/, “Frashokereti; making wonderful, excellent”), from Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬋𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬌 (frašōkər^əti).

der

(Zoroastrianism) Frashokereti, the final renovation of the world, wherein evil is destroyed, and the world is purified


رشن

head

رشن • (rašn)

fa-proper noun

رشن • (rašn)

From Middle Persian lšn (rašn), from Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬎 (rašnu).

(Zoroastrianism) Rashnu, the yazata of justice and the divine judge


سگدید

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íd̪̥]

[sæɡʲ.d̪íːd̪̥]

From سگ (sag, “dog”) + دید (did, “vision”).

(Zoroastrianism) presentation of a recently deceased body to a dog, whose sight is considered purifying


مناجات

head

مناجات • (monâjât)

fa-noun

مناجات • (monâjât)

→ Bengali: মোনাজাত (mōnajat)

→ Gujarati: મુનાજાત (munājāt)

→ Kazakh: мінәжат (mınäjat)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مناجات (münacat)

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُنَاجَاة (munājāh, “intimate conversation”). The religious associations come from Qur'an 19:52, where the verb نَاجَى (nājā) is used to describe God's conversation with Moses, and was popularized by the eleventh-century mystic Abdullah Ansari in his mystical work مناجاتنامه (monâjât-nâme).

bor+

(Zoroastrianism) intimate prayer, often in the form of poetry, in New Persian or Gujarati (as opposed to Avestan or Middle Persian)


اشم

head

اشم • (ašem)

fa-noun

اشم • (ašem)

سوی جنت چو خواهد رفت جانم
اشم آری در آن دم بر زبانم
sōy-i jannat čū xwāhad raft jān-am

1599, Bahman-i Kay Kubād, قصه سنجان [Qissa-yi Sanjān]

When my soul departs towards Heaven,
May You bring the ashem upon my tongue at that moment.
(Classical transliteration)

اشم وهو
اشم وهو#Persian

(Zoroastrianism) Short for اشم وهو (ašem vohu).


اشم وهو

[ʔæ.ʃém vo.ɦúː]

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬆𐬨 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬏 (aṣ̌əm vohū).

bor+

(Zoroastrianism) Ashem Vohu, one of the four great Avestan mantras


یشتن

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yštn' /yaštan/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yazaⁱti, “to worship, to venerate”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyáȷ́ati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-.

der

به چندان روز و ماه یشت و یزشها
بیشتند و بسی کردند تخشا
ba čandān rōz u māh yašt u yaziš-hā

For so many days and months, they performed rites and rituals and were very diligent.
(Classical transliteration)

(Zoroastrianism, obsolete) to worship, to perform Zoroastrian rituals


جددین

→ Gujarati: જુદ્દીન (juddīn)

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywdt dyn' /jud-dēn/, literally “[those of] anti-religion”).

inh

بکرده دور سه فرسنگ جددین
نمانده کس درو جز مرد بهدین
bakarda dūr si farsang juddīn

The infidels were driven out three leagues away,
Nobody remained there except for men of the Good Faith.
(Classical transliteration)


گنامینو

head

گنامینو • (ganāmīnō)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gnʾk' mynwk /gannāk mēnōg/, “the Stinking Spirit”).

inh+

وزان پس هم گنامینو گجسته
مر این ره را دگر باره شکسته
w-az ān pas ham ganāmīnō gujasta

And after that too, the accursed Stinking Spirit
Broke this road a second time.
(Classical transliteration)

(Zoroastrianism, obsolete) Ahriman, Angra Mainyu (the evil spirit)


خویدوده

head

خویدوده • (xidude)

fa-noun

خویدوده • (xidude)

Learned borrowing from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwytw(k)ds /xwēdodah/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬚𐬀 (xᵛaētuuadaθa). The earlier Persian Revayats do not use this spelling but rather خیتودت (xitudat), خویدیودت (xidyudat), خویتودث (xitudas), etc.

lbor+

(Zoroastrianism) xwedodah; close-kin marriage


ارد

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫𐭲𐭩 (ʾlty /ard/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/), from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥táh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”), Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “fixed order, truth”).

inh+

نهم عزیز چو ارد ایزد و دهم اشتاد
بهوش باش که گفتم اگر تو نادانی
nohom aziz čo ard izad o dahom aštâd

1800s?, کی بهرام, در صفت دوازده امام و چهارده معصوم گویم, published 1942

Since the ninth dear one is the divine Ard and the tenth is Ashtad,
Be aware that I have told you, if you did not know!

(Zoroastrianism) Ard, a goddess and divine assistant of Spenta Armaiti, thought to preside over the twenty-fifth day