کلاه

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کلاه • (kolâh) (plural کلاهها (kolâh-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: külah

→ Gujarati: કુલાહ (kulāh)

→ Malay: kulah

Indonesian: kulah

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلاه (külah)

→ Turkish: külah

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlʾp̄ /kulāf/, “cap, bonnet”). Compare Middle Armenian սաքուլայ (sakʻulay) and Northern Luri کلو (kelo).

inh

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
به ایوان خرامید و بنشست شاد
کلاه کیانی به سر بر نهاد
be ivân xarâmid o benšast šâd
kolâhe kiyâni bar sar nehâd
(He) gingerly approached and delightedly acceded to the throne


دستار

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دستار • (dastâr) (plural دستارها (dastâr-hâ))

dastâr (romanization)
دستارها (plural)
دستار (singular)
dastâr (singular)
دستارها (plural)
dastâr (plural)
دستارا (colloquial plural)
dastârấ (plural)
دستار را (definite direct-object singular)
dastâr râ (definite direct-object singular)
دستار رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
dastâro (definite direct-object singular)
دستارها را (definite direct-object plural)
dastâr (definite direct-object plural)
دستارا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
dastârấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
دستار (ezafe singular)
dastâr-e (ezafe singular)
دستارهای (ezafe plural)
dastâr (ezafe plural)
دستارای (colloquial ezafe plural)
dastârấ-ye (ezafe plural)
دستاری (definite relative singular)
دستاری (indefinite singular stressed)
dastâr-i (definite relative singular)
dastâr-i (indefinite singular stressed)
دستارهایی (definite plural relative)
دستارهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
dastâr (definite plural relative)
dastâr (indefinite plural stressed)
دستارایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
دستارایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
dastârấi (definite plural relative)
dastârấi (indefinite plural stressed)
دستارم (first-person possessive singular)
dastâram (first-person possessive singular)
دستارهایم (first-person possessive singular)
dastâr-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
دستارهام، دستارام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
dastârấm (first-person possessive singular)
دستارت (possessive second-person singular)
dastârat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dastâret (possessive second-person singular)
دستارهایت (possessive second-person singular)
dastâr-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
دستارهات، دستارات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
dastârất (possessive second-person singular)
دستارش (possessive singular third-person)
dastâraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dastâreš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارهایش (possessive singular third-person)
dastâr-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارهاش، دستاراش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
dastârấš (possessive singular third-person)
دستارمان (first-person plural possessive)
dastâremân (first-person plural possessive)
دستارمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dastâremun (first-person plural possessive)
دستارهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
dastâr-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
دستارهامون، دستارامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
dastârấmun (first-person plural possessive)
دستارتان (plural possessive second-person)
dastâretân (plural possessive second-person)
دستارتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dastâretun (plural possessive second-person)
دستارهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
dastâr-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
دستارهاتون، دستاراتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
dastârấtun (plural possessive second-person)
دستارشان (plural possessive third-person)
dastârešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستارشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dastârešun (plural possessive third-person)
دستارهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
dastâr-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
دستارهاشون، دستاراشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
dastârấšun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Bengali: দস্তার (dostar)

→ Gujarati: દસ્તાર (dastār)

→ Malay: destar

Indonesian: destar

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستار (destâr)

Turkish: destar

→ Punjabi: دستار (dastar) / ਦਸਤਾਰ (dastār)

→ English: dastar

→ Urdu: دستار (dastār)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[d̪æs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
حسنک پیدا آمد، بیبند، جبهای داشت حبریرنگ با سیاه میزد، خلقگونه و دراعه و ردایی سخت پاکیزه و دستاری نشابوری مالیده و موزهٔ میکاییلی نو در پای و موی سر مالیده، زیر دستار پوشیده کرده اندک مایه پیدا میبود.
hasanak paydā āmad, bē-band, jubba-ē dāšt hibrī-rang bā siyāh mē-zad, xalaq-gūna u durrā'a u ridā-ē saxt pākīza u dastār-ē nešābūrī mālīda u mōza-i mīkā'īlī-i nō dar pāy u mō-i sar mālīda, zīr-i dastār pōšīda karda, andak māya paydā mē-būd.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


تاج

→ Baluchi: تاج (táj)

→ Bashkir: таж (taj)

→ Bengali: তাজ (taj)

→ Chechen: таж (taž)

→ Kazakh: тәж (täj)

→ Punjabi: ਤਾਜ (tāj)

→ Turkish: taç

→ Urdu: تاج (tāj) / Hindi: ताज (tāj)

Borrowed from Arabic تَاج (tāj), from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (tʾg /tāg/, “crown”), attested in 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 (xʾrtʾg /xārtāg/, “crown of thorns”), from Old Iranian *tāga-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).
Related to Persian تخت (taxt, “bed, throne”), and akin to Old Armenian թագ (tʻag), Arabic تاج (tāj), and Aramaic תָּגָא (tāḡā), Iranian borrowings.


چادر شب

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چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

fa-noun

چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: چادر شب (çâdır-ı şeb)

desctree

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: چارشف (çârşaf), چارشاف (çârşaf)
Turkish: çarşaf
→ Albanian: çarçaf, çarshaf
→ Arabic: شَرْشَف (šaršaf)
→ Armenian: չարշաֆ (čʻaršaf), չարշավ (čʻaršav), չարսաֆ (čʻarsaf), չարսափ (čʻarsapʻ), շարշափ (šaršapʻ)
→ Aromanian: circeafe, cirshafe
→ Bashkir: шаршау (şarşaw)
→ Bulgarian: чарша́ф (čaršáf)
→ Greek: τσαρτσάφι (tsartsáfi)
→ Northern Kurdish: çarşef, çarşev
→ Macedonian: чаршаф (čaršaf)
→ Romanian: cearșaf, cearceaf
→ Serbo-Croatian: čàršaf / ча̀ршаф

[t͡ʃɑː.ða.ɾi ʃaβ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.d̪æ.ɹe ʃæb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb]

From چادر (čâdor, čâdar, “covering”) + شب (šab, “night”).


خود

→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)

→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)

→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)

→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)

Urdu: خود (xud)

→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)

Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)

From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).

مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟ (More literary)
mâdar-e xod-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?

مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟ (More colloquial)

(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)


خود

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)

Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)

From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.

cog

Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)


افسر

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افسر • (afsar) (plural افسرها (afsar-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: əfsər

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسر (efser)

Turkish: efser

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (’p̄ysl /aꞵesar/). Further possibly containing a deformed prefix to سر (sar, “head”) and a clipped ending after a Proto-Iranian *upasarah.

inh+

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
که جاوید باد افسر و تخت او
ز خورشید تابندهتر بخت او
ke jâvid bâd afsar o taxte 'u
ze xoršid tâbande-tar baxte 'u
May his crown and throne be ever-lasting

May his fortune be brighter than the sun


بساک

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بساک • (basâk)

fa-noun

بساک • (basâk)

From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫇𐫘𐫃 (pwsg /pusag, pūsag/, “garland”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫛𐫇𐫘𐫃 (pwsg /pusag, pūsag/), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾpsʾk), Avestan 𐬞𐬏𐬯𐬀 (pūsa, “plait, head dress”), Sanskrit पुट (puṭa, “plait”), Old Armenian պսակ (psak), Tocharian A [Term?] (psuk), Tocharian B [Term?] (pässakw).


کلاهک

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کلاهک • (kolâhak) (plural کلاهکها (kolâhak-hâ))

From Middle Persian kwlʾp̄k' (kulāfak, “little cap; calyx”), diminutive of kwlʾp̄ (kulāf, “cap, bonnet”). By surface analysis, کلاه + ـک.


پاپاخ

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پاپاخ • (pâpâx)


گرزن

Superficially a Northwestern Iranian formation in homage to the headwear’s jags from a stem “stinging, cutting” discussed for Persian گزنه (gazane, “nettle”), Gilaki گرزنه (garzane, “nettle”) and Classical Persian گرزه (garza, “rat”), because Jewish Literary Aramaic גרזנא (*garzənā), Hebrew גַּרְזֶן (garzén), and Arabic كَرْزَن (karzan), كَرْزَم (karzam), كِرْزِين (kirzīn), كِرْزِيم (kirzīm) are only witnessed as a one-faced axe, and Persian گهزن (gahzan) and گزن (gazan) is a shoe-knife, although the Hebrew word appears twice in Deuteronomy twice already and one would like to connect to Hebrew גָּרַז (gāraz, “to sever, to cut”) equalling Arabic جَزَرَ (jazara): undoubtedly foreign is also the old Hebrew קַרְדֹּם (qardōm, “one-edged axe; in the plural two-edges axe, or a combined wood-chopping tool with one side that of an axe and the other that of an adze”) equated with the West Semitic loanwords Eblaite 𒄥𒁺𒈬𒌝 (GUR.DU.MU.UM /gurdumum/, “axe”) and Emar Akkadian 𒄥𒁲𒈬 (GUR.DI.MU /gurdimu/, “axe”), which Noonan finds too similar not to be a separate borrowing, as also גַּרְזֶן (garzén), from the word behind Akkadian 𒍏𒄩𒍣𒅔 (ḫaṣṣinnum, “hoe”), and again a separate borrowing of the same tool-name appears in Hebrew גַּרְדּוֹם (gardōm, “executioner’s spot, scaffold”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גַּרְדּוּמָא (gardōmā, “stump”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרדום (*gardōm, “court tribunal”) and in an Old Babylonian list of rations as a profession 𒂵𒅈𒁺𒈬 (GA.AR.DU.MU /gardumu/, “unknown meaning, apparently an executioner”). In principle, ultimate Northwest Semitic origin, an Amorite pattern, is also possible and we have the same problem as with the family of Arabic جُرَذ (juraḏ, “rat”) where both Iranian and Semitic offer a fitting root.

cog

גַּרְדּוּמָא


سرپوش

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سرپوش • (sarpuš)

fa-noun

سرپوش • (sarpuš)

desc

→ Arabic: شَرْبُوش (šarbūš)

→ Arabic: شَرْبُوش (šarbūš)

desctree

⇒ Arabic: طَرْبُوش (ṭarbūš)
→ Armenian: թարբուշ (tʻarbuš)
→ English: tarboosh
→ French: tarbouche
→ German: Tarbusch
→ Hebrew: תַּרְבּוּשׁ (tarbūš)
→ Italian: tarbuscio
→ Malay: tarbus
→ Ottoman Turkish: طرپوش (tarpuş)
Turkish: tarpuş
→ Polish: tarbusz
→ Russian: тарбуш (tarbuš)
→ Swahili: tarbushi

desc

→ Middle Armenian: շարփուշ (šarpʻuš), սարփուշ (sarpʻuš)

→ Classical Syriac: ܣܲܪܦܘܿܫܳܐ (sarp̄ōšā)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: سرپوش (särpuş)

Azerbaijani: sərpuş

Ottoman Turkish: سرپوش (serpuş)

Turkish: serpuş

→ Urdu: سرپوش

→ Urdu: سرپوش

From سر (sar, “head”) + پوش (puš, “cover”).

cap (a protective seal or cover)
bottle cap


دولبند

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلبند (dülbend) (see there for further descendants)

From دول (dol, dawl, “revolving”), + بند (band, “band, tie”), compare دوربند (dorband, “band, belt”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish dorbend (“frame”).