گردنبند

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گردنبند • (gardanband) (plural گردنبندها (gardanband-hâ))

gardanband (romanization)
گردنبندها (plural)

[ɡäɾ.d̪ǽmbǽn̪d̪]

[ɡäɾ.d̪ǽmbǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡʲæɹ.d̪ǽm.bǽn̪d̪̥]

From گردن (gardan, “neck”) + بند (band, “band”).


لال

desctree

→ Arabic: لَعْل (laʕl)
→ Azerbaijani: ləl
→ Persian: لعل (la'l)
→ Kazakh: лағыл (lağyl)
→ Kyrgyz: лаал (laal)
→ Tajik: лаъл (laʾl)
→ Uzbek: laʼl

→ Middle Armenian: լալ (lal), ղաղ (ġaġ)

Armenian: լալ (lal)

→ Baluchi: لال (lal)

→ Georgian: ლალი (lali)

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: لال (lāl)

Devanagari script: लाल् (lāl)

→ Nepali: लाल् (lāl)

→ Tibetan: ནལ་ (nal, “a ruby-like gem”)

→ Mongolian: нал (nal)

a red gemstone, cornelian, garnet, spinel, tourmaline


چوری

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چوری • (čûrî)

fa-noun

چوری • (čûrî)

Borrowed from Hindustani چوڑی / चूड़ी (cūṛī).

[t͡ʃuː.ˈɾiː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɾíː]

[t͡ʃʰuː.ɹíː]


گوهر

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گوهر • (gowhar) (plural گوهرها (gowhar-hâ))

→ Arabic: جوهر (jawhar) (see there for further descendants)

→ Azerbaijani: gövhər

desc

→ Bashkir: гәүһәр (gəwhər), Гәүһәр (Gəwhər)

→ Georgian: გოარი (goari)

→ Gujarati: ગૌહર (gauhar)

→ Kazakh: гауһар (gauhar)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠭᠥᠭᠠᠷ (göɣar)

→ Turkmen: göwher

→ Urdu: گوہر (gauhar, gohar)

From Middle Persian gwhl (/gōhr, gōhar/, “substance, essence; jewel”), from Old Persian *gauθra, *gavaθra.


یشم

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یشم • (yašm)

fa-noun

یشم • (yašm)


النگو

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النگو • (alangu) (plural النگوها (alangu-hâ))

[ʔæ.læŋ.ɡúː]

(chiefly Iran, Herati) bangle, bracelet without clasp


الماس

الماس • (almâs) (plural الماسها (almâs-hâ))

→ Arabic: أَلْمَاس (ʔalmās)

Gulf Arabic: ألماص (əlmasˤ)

→ Swahili: almasi

→ Bashkir: алмас (almas)

desctree

→ Georgian: ალმასი (almasi)
→ Bats: ალმას (almas)
→ Ossetian: алмаси (almasi)

→ Kazakh: алмас (almas)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ալմաս (almas), ալմաստ (almast), ալմազ (almaz), էլմաս (ēlmas)

→ Armenian: ալմաս (almas)

→ Russian: алма́з (almáz)

→ Azerbaijani: almaz

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अलमास (almās)

Urdu: الماس (almās)

→ Kyrgyz: алмас (almas)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: الماس (elmas)
Turkish: elmas, almas (dialectal)
→ Bulgarian: елмаз (elmaz)

→ Southern Altai: алмаз (almaz)

→ Tatar: алмас (almas), алмаз (almaz)

→ Uzbek: olmos

From Middle Persian ʾlmʾs (almās); see there for further information.

الماس ... در درههای کوه سراندیب میباشد و از بیم افاعی درو نمیتوان رفت و بحیله و سعی طیور بیرون میآورند و بدین سبب پارههای بزرگ نمیتوان یافت.

1330, Hamdullāh-i Mustawfī, Tārīx-i Guzīda:

Diamond ... is found in the valleys of mountain [groups] of Serendib, and it's not possible to go there because of the snakes, and they extract it using birds, so large pieces can not be obtained.

almās ... dar darra-hā-yi kōh-i Sarāndīb mē-bāšad wa az bīm-i afā'ī dar-ō namē-tawān raft wa ba-hīla u sa'y-i tuyūr bērūn mē-āwarand wa badīn sabab pāra-hā-yi buzurg namē-tawān yāft.


فیروزه

[fʊː.ɾʊː.zä]

Arabized pronunciation of Early Classical Persian پیروزه (pērōza), from Middle Persian *pērōzag, from 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”). Note the Middle Iranian borrowings: Aramaic פרוזג (pīrūzag), Classical Syriac ܦܝܪܘܙܓ (pīrūzag), Arabic فِيرُوزَج (fīrūzaj), فَيْرُوزَج (fayrūzaj).

a female given name, Firuzeh, Firoozeh, Feroza, Firouzeh, or Firoza


یاقوت

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یاقوت • (yâqut) (plural یاقوتها (yâqut-hâ))

→ Ottoman Turkish: یاقوت (yakut)

Turkish: yakut

→ Albanian: jakut

→ Romanian: iacut

desc

jàkut//ја̀кут

→ Serbo-Croatian: jàkut／ја̀кут

→ Ubykh: еқуҭ (ekut)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: याक़ूत (yāqūt)

Urdu: یَاقُوت (yāqūt)

→ Uyghur: ياقۇت (yaqut)

→ Uzbek: yoqut

Borrowed from Arabic يَاقُوت (yāqūt), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos). Doublet of یاکند (yâkand).


زمرد

→ Arabic: زُمُرُّد (zumurrud)

→ Malay: zamrud

→ Somali: sumurud

→ Swahili: zumaridi

→ Azerbaijani: zümrüd

→ Bengali: জমরুদ (zômrud)

→ Crimean Tatar: zumrut

→ Kazakh: зүмірет (zümıret)

→ Northern Kurdish: zimrûd

→ Mandarin: 祖母綠／祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ), 祖母绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمرد (zümrüd, zümrüt)

> Turkish: zümrüt (inherited)

→ Middle Armenian: զմրութ (zmrutʻ)

> Armenian: զմրութ (zmrutʻ) (inherited)

→ Indonesian: zamrud

→ Lithuanian: zomorudas

→ Russian: изумру́д (izumrúd), зиморо́док (zimoródok)

→ Ukrainian: ізумру́д (izumrúd)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: زۇمرەت (zumret)

Uzbek: zumrad

From Early New Persian ازمرد (uzmurud), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwzmbwlt /uzumburd/), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos). Compare Old Armenian զմրուխտ (zmruxt), Old Georgian ზურმუხტი (zurmuxṭi), Iranian borrowings.


ابرنجین

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔäb.ɾän.d͡ʒíːn]

[ʔæb.ɹæn.d͡ʒíːn]


ابرنجن

From Proto-Iranian *abi-ra(n)ǰ- (“to color, dye”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)reg-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέζω (rhézō, “I dye, paint”) and Persian رنگ (rang) itself; also an exact doublet of اورنگ (owrang) / افرنگ (afrang, “throne; splendor”).
Compare Old Armenian ապարանջան (aparanǰan) and Georgian ამბარჩა (ambarča), Iranian borrowings.


بازوبند

From بازو (bâzu, “arm”) + ـبند (-band, “tie, chain”). Compare دستبند (dastband, “bracelet”).


خاتم

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خاتم • (xâtam)

fa-proper noun

خاتم • (xâtam)

a male given name, Khatam or Khaatam, from Arabic


لاجورد

lâjvard (romanization)
lâjavard (romanization)

Malay: lazuardi (لازواردي)

Indonesian: lazuardi

desc

Tajik: ложвард (ložvard), лоҷвард (lojvard), лоҷувард (lojuvard)

desctree

→ Arabic: لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: λαζούριον (lazoúrion), λαζούριν (lazoúrin)
Greek: λαζούρι (lazoúri), λαζούριον (lazoúrion)
→⇒ Coptic: ⲁ̀ⲥⲓⲗⲱⲛ (àsilōn)
→ Medieval Latin: lazulum, lapis lazuli, lazurius, lazurium, lazur, azzurum, azura, azolum
→ English: lapis lazuli
→ Italian: azzurro
→ Middle High German: lāsūr, lāzūr
German: Lazur
→ Czech: lazur
→ Polish: lazur
→ Russian: лазу́рь (lazúrʹ)
→ Old French: azur
French: azur
→ Middle English: asure, asur, asour, azur, azour, azure
English: azure
Scots: asure
→ Welsh: asur
→ Portuguese: azur
→ Spanish: azur
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: azur
Galician: azul
Portuguese: azul
→ Old Spanish: azur
Spanish: azul

→ Azerbaijani: lacivərd

→ Chagatai: لاجورد

Uyghur: لاجىۋەرد (lajiwerd)

Uzbek: lojuvard

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܐܙܘܪܕ (lāʾzward), ܠܙܘܪܕ (lāzward)

→ English: lajvard

ლაჟვარდოვანი

→ Georgian: ლაჟვარდი (lažvardi), ლაჟვარდოვანი (lažvardovani)

→ Gujarati: લાજવર્દ (lājvard)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लाजवर्द (lājvard)

Urdu: لاجورد (lājavard, lājvard), لاژورد (lāžuvard, lāžvard)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: لاجەوەرد (lacewerd), لاجیوەرد (lacîwerd)

Northern Kurdish: lacwerd, laciwerd, lajwerd, lajiwerd

→ Middle Armenian: լազուարթ (lazuartʻ), լազվարդ (lazvard), լազուվարդ (lazuvard), լազուարդ (lazuard), լազուար (lazuar), լաժուարդ (lažuard), լաժուրդ (lažurd), լաջուարդ (laǰuard), լաջվարդ (laǰvard), լաճվարդ (lačvard), լաճվարտ (lačvart), լաճիվարդ (lačivard), լաճուարտ (lačuart),

Armenian: լաջվարդ (laǰvard)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لاجورد (lâceverd), لاژورد (lâjverd)

Turkish: lacivert

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਾਜਵਰਦ (lājward)

Shahmukhi script: لاجورد (lājward)

→ Sanskrit: राजावर्त (rājāvarta), लाजवर्त (lājavarta), राजपट्ट (rājapaṭṭa)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (rʾcβrt /rājβart/), [script needed] (rʾzβrt /rājwart/, “Rajwart (name of the king of elephants)”)

→ Sindhi: لاجَوَرْدُ

→ Sindhi: لاجَوَرْدُ

[lɑːd͡ʒ.ˈwaɾð]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪]

[lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

[lɔːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪̥]

[lɔː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪̥]

[lɒːd͡ʒ.vǽɹd̪̥]

Usually considered to be from the place name لاژورد (Lāžvard) in Badakhshan where the stone was mined.
The first component, لاژ, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”) and cognate to Old Irish glas.
But according to Bailey, the second component goes back to Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”) and is cognate with Wakhi wurt (“stone”), Northern Kurdish ber (“stone”), Central Kurdish بەرد (berd, “stone”), Northern Luri بٱرد (bard, “stone”), Khotanese [script needed] (ūḍāra-, “crystal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to press together”), for which Pokorny cites Ancient Greek εἴλω (eílō, “to roll up, pack close”), Latin vulgus (“the public; a crowd”), and Proto-Slavic *vȃlъ (“roll; wave; barrage, heap”) as cognates.

cog

982, Hudūd al-'Ālam
و اندر بدخشان معدن سیم است و زر و بیجاده و لاجورد.
va andar badaxšân ma'dan-i sêm ast u zar u bîjâda u lâjavard.
and in Badakhshan there are mines of silver, gold, ruby, and lapis lazuli.


یاکند

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یاکند • (yâkand) (plural یاکندها (yâkand-hâ))

[jɔː.kʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[jɒː.kʰʲǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian yʾknd (yākand), from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos). Doublet of یاقوت (yâqut).


لعل

Borrowed from Arabic لَعْل (laʕl), from Persian لال (lâl).


یشم سبز

From یشم (yašm) + سبز (sabz), literally “green jasper”.


گمست

desc

→ Arabic: جَمَشْت (jamašt), جَمَسْت (jamast), جَمَز (jamaz)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “I am drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).


حلقه نامزدی

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حلقههای نامزدی

حلقه نامزدی • (halqe-ye nâmzadi) (plural حلقههای نامزدی (halqe-hâ-ye nâmzadi))

fa-noun

حلقههای نامزدی

halqe-ye nâmzadi (romanization)
حلقههای نامزدی (plural)


حلقه ازدواج

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حلقههای ازدواج

حلقه ازدواج • (halqe-ye ezdevâj) (plural حلقههای ازدواج (halqe-hâ-ye ezdevâj))

fa-noun

حلقههای ازدواج

halqe-ye ezdevâj (romanization)
حلقههای ازدواج (plural)

fa:حلقه ازدواج


انگشتر

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انگشتر • (angoštar) (plural انگشترها (angoštar-hâ))

angoštar (romanization)
انگشترها (plural)

→ Khalaj: anguştər

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔäŋ.ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔäŋ.ɡuʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

[ʔæŋ.ɡoʃ.t̪ʰæɹ]

[ʔäŋ.ɡuʃ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (angustarīg). Analyzable as انگشت (angošt, “finger”) + بر (bar, “carried”), literally “carried by finger”. Compare گوشواره (gušvâre, “earring”, literally “carried by ear”).


دهنه

From Middle Persian *dahanag. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian դահանակ (dahanak), Classical Syriac ܕܗܢܓ (dhng), Arabic دَهْنَج (dahnaj), دَهَنَج (dahanaj), all ascribed the meaning malachite. Doublet of دهنج (dahnaj) from the Arabic.

a precious stone of a thick greenish colour


مینو

→ Urdu: مینو (mīnū)

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫇𐫃 (mynwg /mēnōg/, “the spiritual world, the intangible world”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (maⁱniiu, “spirit”). Doublet of مینا (minâ), from the Middle Persian’s Arabic descendant.
In Zoroastrianism
In Zoroastrianism, mēnōg is the antonym of gētīg (“the physical world, the tangible world”), modern گیتی (giti, “world”). The spiritual realm of mēnōg has existed eternally, but the good god Ohrmazd created the physical world of gētīg, where humans currently live, as an arena to permanently defeat the evil god Ahriman. The opposition between these two terms did not survive into Islam, although see early quotations such as the one given below.
The Arabic loan suggests that already in Middle Persian, the word could mean "emerald" or "glass" as intangible and ethereal substances, although this is not directly attested.


نارسنگ

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نارسنگ • (nârsang)

fa-noun

نارسنگ • (nârsang)

[nɔːɾ.sǽŋɡ̥]

[nɒːɹ.sǽɲɡʲ̥]

From نار (nâr, “pommegrenate”) + سَنگ (sang, “stone, pebble”).


بیجاده

head

بیجاده • (bijâde)

fa-noun

بیجاده • (bijâde)

Inherited from Middle Persian (cf. Arabic بِجَادَق (bijādaq)), by surface analysis, بی (bi, “without”) + جاده (jâde, “road, (here: streak)”). Compare Old Georgian ბეჭედი (beč̣edi), Armenian պիճատի (pičati), Iranian borrowings.

surf

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
شد آن تخت شاهی و آن دستگاه
زمانه ربودش چو بیجاده کاه
šod ân taxt-e šâhi-yyo ân dastgâh
zamâne robudaš čo bijâde kâh.

the fate snatched his throne and court, just like how the amber attracts straw.


یاقوت کبود

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یاقوتهای کبود

یاقوت کبود • (yâqut-e kabud) (plural یاقوتهای کبود (yâqut-hâ-ye kabud))

fa-noun

یاقوتهای کبود

yâqut-e kabud (romanization)
یاقوتهای کبود (plural)

fa:یاقوت کبود


جیغه

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جیغه • (jiğa)

→ Armenian: ջղա (ǰġa), ճղա (čġa)

→ Azerbaijani: çığa

desctree

→ Georgian: ჯიღა (ǯiɣa)
→ Armenian: ջիղա (ǰiġa) (Tbilisi)

→ Kazakh: жыға (jyğa)

→ Kyrgyz: жыга (jıga)

→ Ottoman Turkish: جغا (cığa)

Turkish: çığa, cığa

→ Salar: çağu

→ Turkmen: jyga

→ Uzbek: jigʻa

The origin is uncertain. Compare Sanskrit शिखा (śikhā).


یاقوت ارغوانی

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یاقوت ارغوانی • (yâqut-e arğavâni)

fa-noun

یاقوت ارغوانی • (yâqut-e arğavâni)

[jɑː.qúː.t̪ʰɪ ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[jɑː.qúː.t̪ʰɪ ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[jɑː.qúː.t̪ʰɪ ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɑː.níː]

[jɔː.qú.t̪ʰi ʔäɾ.ɣä.wɔː.ní]

[jɒː.ʁúː.t̪ʰe ʔæɹ.ɢæ.vɒː.níː]

From یاقوت (yâqut, “ruby”) + ارغوانی (arğavâni, “amethystine, purple”).


آمیتیست

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آمیتیست • (âmitist)

fa-noun

آمیتیست • (âmitist)

[ʔɑː.miː.t̪ʰíːst̪]

[ʔɑː.miː.t̪ʰíːst̪]

[ʔɑː.miː.t̪ʰíːst̪]

[ʔɒː.miː.t̪ʰíːst̪]

Borrowed from French améthyste, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “I am drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).