مارس

head

مارس • (mârs)

fa-noun

مارس • (mârs)

Borrowed from French Mars, from Latin Mārs.


کی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kad /kay/, “legendary ancient king of Iran”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 (kauui, “poet, bard; vision-poet, Mazdean sacrificer”), from Proto-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-. The visionary poets of the Avesta were mistakenly interpreted as ancient kings by the Sasanian Zoroastrian priests.

der

(Iranian mythology) Key, Kay: the title of a number of legendary kings of Iran, belonging to the mythical Kayanian dynasty.


آتش

Tajik: оташ (otaš)

→ Bengali: আতশ (ātôş)

→ Gujarati: આતશ (atiş)

→ Northern Kurdish: atêş, ateş

→ Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

→ Kyrgyz: аташ (ataş)

→ Azerbaijani: atəş

→ Old Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آتش (ateş)
Turkish: ateş

→ Turkmen: ataş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आतिश (ātiś)

Urdu: آتش (ātiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਤਸ਼ (ātaś)

Shahmukhi script: آتش (ātaś)

→ Uzbek: otash

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰéːʃ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰíːʃ]

From Middle Persian ʾthš (ātaxš, “fire”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”) for its special meaning in Zoroastrianism and well preserved unlike the other word آذر (âzar, “fire”). Doublet of آذر. Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for further information.


ناهید

head

ناهید • (nâhid)

fa-proper noun

ناهید • (nâhid)

→ Gujarati: નાહીદ (nāhīd)

[nɒː.ɦiːd̪̥]

From earlier اَنَاهِید (anāhīd), from Middle Persian ʾnʾhyt' (anāhīd). Cognate with Northern Kurdish Nehîda, Nehî and Central Kurdish ناهیە (nahye), ناهێ (nahê).


زرتشت

desc

Tajik: Зардушт (Zardušt), Зартушт (Zartušt)

→ Arabic: زَرَادُشْت (zarādušt), زَرَادَشْت (zarādašt)

→ Azerbaijani: Zərdüşt

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: زەردۇشت (zerdusht)

Uzbek: Zardusht

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रतुश्त (zartuśt)

Urdu: زَرتُشت (zartušt, zartašt)

→ Turkish: Zerdüşt

→ Zazaki: Zerduşt

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

[zæɹ.t̪ʰóʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭫𐭲𐭥𐭱𐭲 (zltwšt /Zardu(x)št/), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬋 (zaraθuštrō).

uder

Zoroaster, alternatively spelt Zarathustra


اوستا

head

اوستا • (avestâ)

fa-proper noun

اوستا • (avestâ)

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔä.väs.t̪ʰɔ́]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (abestāg /ʾp(y)stʾk'/). Of unknown meaning, but probably from Avestan; possibly 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬬𐬀𐬐𐬀 (upastāvaka, “praise”), from 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (upastaoⁱti, “he praises”), from -𐬎𐬞𐬀 (-upa, “up to, at”) << Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)upamás << Proto-Indo-European *upó + 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (staoⁱti, “he praises”) (see Sanskrit स्तुति (stuti, “praise”)), though this is not actually attested in any Avestan texts.


دیو

head

دیو • (dēw /div) (plural دیوان or دیوها)

dēw (romanization)
div (romanization)
دیوان (plural)
دیوها (plural)

Dari: دیوْ (dēw)

Iranian Persian: دیوْ (div, “demon”)

→ English: div

Tajik: дев (dev)

→ Bengali: দেও (deō)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देव (dev)

Urdu: دیوْ (dev)

→ Kazakh: дәу (däu)

→ Turkmen: döw

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
Turkish: dev, div
→ Serbo-Croatian: div / див

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *deywós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás
Proto-Iranian *daywáh
Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v)
Persian دیو
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, forces of the Evil One”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (daiva-), from Proto-Iranian *daywáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

inh+

demon, devil, goblin; evil supernatural creature

(Zoroastrianism) daeva, a spirit of evil


نوروز

nawrōz (romanization)
nowruz (romanization)
نوروز (singular)
nowruz (singular)
نوروزها (plural)
nowruz-hấ (plural)
نوروزا (colloquial plural)
nowruzấ (plural)
نوروز را (definite direct-object singular)
nowruz râ (definite direct-object singular)
نوروز رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nowruzo (definite direct-object singular)
نوروزها را (definite direct-object plural)
nowruz-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نوروزا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nowruzấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نوروز (ezafe singular)
nowruz-e (ezafe singular)
نوروزهای (ezafe plural)
nowruz-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nowruzấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نوروزی (definite relative singular)
نوروزی (indefinite singular stressed)
nowruz-i (definite relative singular)
nowruz-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نوروزهایی (definite plural relative)
نوروزهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nowruzấn-i, nowruz-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نوروزایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nowruzấi (definite plural relative)
nowruzấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نوروزم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruzam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nowruz-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزهام، نوروزام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nowruzấm (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruzat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzet (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nowruz-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزهات، نوروزات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nowruzất (possessive second-person singular)
نوروزش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruzaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzeš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nowruz-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزهاش، نوروزاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nowruzấš (possessive singular third-person)
نوروزمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzemun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nowruz-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزهامون، نوروزامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nowruzấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نوروزتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzetun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nowruz-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزهاتون، نوروزاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nowruzấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نوروزشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzešun (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nowruz-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نوروزهاشون، نوروزاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nowruzấšun (plural possessive third-person)

desc

→ Arabic: نَوْرُوز (nawrūz), نَيْرُوز (nayrūz)

→ Azerbaijani: Novruz

→ Bashkir: Науруз (Nawruz)

→ Bengali: নওরোজ (nôoroz), নওরোজা (nôoroza)

→ Gujarati: નવરોજ (navroj)

→ Kazakh: Наурыз (Nauryz)

→ Northern Kurdish: newroz

→ Kyrgyz: Нооруз (Nooruz)

→ Russian: Навруз (Navruz)

→ Turkish: Nevruz

→ Turkmen: Nowruz

→ Uzbek: Navroʻz

→ Uyghur: نورۇز (noruz)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *new-
Proto-Indo-European *néwos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas
Proto-Iranian *náwah
Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nʿky)
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
Proto-Iranian *ráwčah
Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm)
Middle Persian nwklwc
Persian نوروز
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwklwc /nōg-rōz/, “New Year's day”) (Pazend 𐬥𐬋𐬭𐬋𐬰 (nōrōz)), from 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nwky /nōg/, “new”) + 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM /rōz/, “day”). By surface analysis, نو (naw /now, “new”) + روز (rōz /ruz, “day”).

surf

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh, "پادشاهی بهرام گور"
چو شد ساخته کار آتشکده
همان جای نوروز و جشن سده
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
خود و نامداران و آزادگان
ču šud sâxta kâr-i âtaškada
hamân jây-i nawrôz u jašn-i sada
biyâmad sôy-i âzarâbâdagân
xwad u nâmdârân u âzâdagân

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

بر چهرهٔ گل نسیم نوروز خوش است
در صحن چمن روی دلافروز خوش است
از دی که گذشت هر چه گویی خوش نیست
خوش باش و ز دی مگو که امروز خوش است
bar čihra-i gul nasîm-i nawrôz xwaš ast
dar sahn-i čaman rôy-i dil-afrôz xwaš ast
az dî ki guzašt har či gôyî xwaš nêst

1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubaiyat, ruba'i #19

xwaš bâš u zi dî ma-gô ki imrôz xvaš ast

نظر به روی تو هر بامداد نوروزیست
شب فراق تو هر شب که هست یلداییست
nazar ba rôy-i tu har bâmdâd nawrôzêst

1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan, ghazal #112

šab-i firâq-i tu har šab ki hast yaldâêst

مستی و عاشقی و جوانی و یار ما
نوروز و نوبهار و حمل میزند صلا
هرگز ندیده چشم جهان این چنین بهار
میروید از زمین و ز کهسار کیمیا
mastî u âšiqî u javânî u yâr-i mâ
nawrôz u nawbahâr u hamal mê-zanad salâ
hargiz nadîda čašm-i jahân în čunîn bahâr

1207-1273, Rumi, Divan-e Shams, tarji' #7

Nowruz, New Year in the Iranian and Zoroastrian calendar, celebrated on the spring equinox.


آتشکده

head

آتشکده • (âtaškade) (plural آتشکدهها (âtaškade-hâ))

âtaškade (romanization)
آتشکدهها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]


پوتین

Transliteration of Russian Пу́тин (Pútin).

transliteration

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin).

Vladimir Putin; Russian president, 2012–current


اهریمن

head

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

fa-proper noun

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

اَهْریمَن (canonical)
ahriman (romanization)

From Middle Persian ʾhlmn', ʾhlymn', 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (Ahreman).


بهرام

head

بهرام • (bahrâm)

fa-proper noun

بهرام • (bahrâm)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: Բերամ (Beram), Պերամ (Peram)

→ Gujarati: બહરામ (bahrām)

→ Urdu: بہرام (bahrām)

From Middle Iranian (see Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭉𐭇𐭓𐭌 (wryḥrm /Wahrām/, “war god, god of victory”) and Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬 (ʿlḥlʾn / ʿʾḥlʾm /Wahrām/)), from Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀 (vər^əθraγna, “smiting of resistance, victorious”), from Proto-Iranian *Wr̥tragnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Wr̥tragʰnás.
Related to Sanskrit वृत्रहन् (vṛtrá-hán, “smiter of vṛtra, i.e. smiting the cause of covering/hiding”). In pre-Islamic Iran mythologically conflated with the Persian Gulf narrows (which oral tradition considered to be a remnant of the "obstruction" that was overcome by Verethragna), hence in Iranian folk etymology incorrectly identified with the toponym "Bahrain."

der

𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬

cog

بهرام چهارمین سیاره در سامانهٔ خورشیدی است که در مداری طویلتر از زمین و با سرعتی کمتر از زمین حرکت میکند.

Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system, which moves in a longer orbit than Earth and with a slower speed than Earth.

bahrâm čahâromin sayyâre dar sâmâne-ye xoršidi ast ke dar madâr-i tavil-tar az zamin va bâ sor'at-i kamtar az zamin harakat mi-konad.

(astronomy) Bahram (the Persian name for the fourth planet in the solar system, Mars)

a male given name, Bahram (the name of several Sassanid Kings)


پری

head

پری • (pari) (plural پریان (pariyān) or پریها (pari-hâ))

pari (romanization)
پریان (plural)
پریها (plural)

Azerbaijani: pəri

→ Bengali: পরী (pori)

Chagatai: پری

Uyghur: پەرى (peri)

Uzbek: pari

→ Gujarati: પરી (parī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परी (parī)

Urdu: پری (parī)

Kazakh: пері (perı)

Northern Kurdish: perî

Southern Kurdish: پەری (perî)

Kyrgyz: пери (peri)

Malay: peri

Indonesian: peri (“fairy”)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پری (peri)
Turkish: peri
→ Albanian: perri
→ Armenian: փերի (pʻeri)
→ Crimean Tatar: peri
→ English: peri
→ French: péri
→ Georgian: ფერია (peria)
→ Russian: пе́ри (péri)

Pashto: پري (pari)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੀ (parī)

Shahmukhi script: پری (parī)

Sindhi: پري (parī)

Tajik: парӣ (pari)

Tatar: пәри (päri)

Turkmen: peri

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plyk' /parīg/, “witch”), ultimately from Old Persian *parikā. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian pryg (pryg), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “sorceress, witch”), Sogdian [script needed] (pṛʿyk-, “female demoness”) and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), an Iranian borrowing. Connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), and from Indo-European root *pelē- ‘to fill,’ Latin plēnus ‘full.’ Middle Persian parīg, Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), Latin parcae (“fates”), Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás, “youth, maiden”), Sanskrit पारक्य (pārakya, “strange, alien”). Pokorny derives this from Proto-Indo-European *parīkā (“concubine”).

cog

دیوسان دیوسان#Persian

(Iranian mythology) sprite or supernatural being in Iranian/Persian mythology opposed to دیوسان (daemon) and دیو (daeva); peri.


گاه

→ Azerbaijani: gah

→ Northern Kurdish: geh

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs), 𐫃𐫀𐫍 (gʾh /gāh/, “place, throne, bed; time”), from Old Persian [script needed] (gāθu-, “place; throne, chair”), from Proto-Iranian *gātu- / *gāθu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬙𐬎 (gātu, “place, seat, throne”) and Sanskrit गातु (gātú, “going; way; place”). Doublet of جاه (jâh), which passed through Arabic.

cog

(Zoroastrianism) One of the five ritual divisions of a 24-hour day, each with a specific Zoroastrian prayer.


مهر

head

مِهْر • (mehr)

fa-proper noun

مِهْر • (mehr)

→ Armenian: Մհեր (Mher)

From Middle Persian mtr' (Mihr), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra), Ancient Greek μεσίτης (mesítēs).

der

(Zoroastrianism) Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.


هما

head

هما • (homâ)

fa-noun

هما • (homâ)

From earlier همای (homây), from Middle Persian hwmʾy (humāy).

بازم و حیران شود در من هما
جغد که بود تا بداند سر ما

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1161:

I am a falcon, and (yet) the humá becomes lost in amazement at me:
who is an owl, that it should know my secret?

bāz-am u hayrān šawad dar man humā
juğd ki buwad tā bi-dānad sirr-i mā


کرگدن

head

کرگدن • (kargadan) (plural کرگدنها (kargadan-hâ))

kargadan (romanization)
کرگدنها (plural)

→ Avar: гаргадан (gargadan)

→ Azerbaijani: kərgədan

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkəḏānā)

→ Arabic: كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan)

→ Crimean Tatar: kerkedan

→ Gujarati: કરગદન (karagdan)

→ Gurani: کەرگەدەنگ (kargadang)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kergeden

Central Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Southern Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Laki: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

→ Lak: каргадан (kargadan)

→ Mazanderani: کرگردن (kərgadən)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քարկարտան (kʻarkartan), քարկանտան (kʻarkantan)

→ Tatar: кәркедән (kärkedän)

→ Turkish: gergedan

→ Turkmen: kerk (from کرگ (karg))

→ Uyghur: كەركىدان (kerkidan)

→ Uzbek: karkidon

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰʲæɹ.ɡʲæ.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (klg /karg/, “rhinoceros; horn”) + [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “bearer, holder”), ultimately from Sanskrit खड्ग (khaḍga, “rhinoceros; literally sword bearer”).
Compare Arabic كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan, “rhinoceros”), Classical Syriac ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkǝḏānā, “rhinoceros”), Sanskrit खड्गधेनु (khaḍgadhenu, “a female rhinoceros”).


موبد

From [Book Pahlavi needed] (mgwpt' /mowbed/) with the same meaning, from Proto-Iranian *magu-pati- (literally “head of the Magi”). By surface analysis, مغ (moğ, “magus”) + ـبد (-bad, “lord, master”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian մոգպետ (mogpet), մովպետան մովպետ (movpetan movpet), մուբիտան մուբիտ (mubitan mubit), Classical Syriac ܡܘܒܕ (mawbed), ܡܘܗܦܛܐ (mawhəp̄āṭā).


سیمرغ

head

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

fa-proper noun

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

Akin to Middle Persian 𐭮𐭩𐭭𐭬𐭥𐭫𐭥: synmwlw (sēn-murw).
According to folk etymology a compound of سی (si, “thirty”) and مرغ (morğ, “bird”). See also The Speech of the Birds.


سیامک

Cognate with Sanskrit श्यामक (śyāmaka, “dark-coloured, dark”).


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


دروند

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (druwand /dlwnd/, “sinful, unrighteous [one]”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (druuaṇt), 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah-wánts (“follower of the Lie”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan).


دروند

→ Gujarati: દુરવંદ (durvand)

(Zoroastrianism, archaic) infidel, non-Zoroastrian; (usually) Muslim


دستور

head

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

دَسْتور (canonical)
dastur (romanization)
دستورها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
Turkish: düstur
→ Swahili: desturi

→ Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)

→ English: dastur

→ Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

→ Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

Northern Kurdish: destûr

→ Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

→ Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).


بید

Borrowed from Urdu بید (bed) / Hindi बेद (bed), from Sanskrit वेद (veda).

چهار بید که به زعم ایشان نامهٔ سماوی است به لغت سنسکریت است که در هیچ شهری بدان زبان تکلم نکنند سوای کتب این طایفه یافته نشود.

c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:

The four Vedas, which they claim to be celestial texts, are in the Sanskrit language, which is a language not spoken in any city and is not to be found except in the books of this sect.

čahâr bêd ki ba za'm-i êšân nâma-yi samâwî ast ba luğat-i sanskrît ast ki dar hêč šahrî bad-ân zabân takallum na-kunand siwây kutub-i în tâyifa yâfta na-šawad.

(Indo-Persian, obsolete) Veda (Hindu scripture)


نسک

(rare, purist) book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


اهورامزدا

head

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː.mäz.d̪ɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː.mæz.d̪ɒ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦu.ɾɔ́.mäz.d̪ɔ́]


مازندران

head

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

fa-proper noun

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɔː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[mɒː.zæn̪.d̪æ.ɹɒ́ːn]

Literally, “the gate or the valley of the giants” from مازن (mâzan) + در (dar) + ـان (-ân), from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mazaⁱniia, “giant”). The name has been used in Shahnameh to refer to a land inhabited by divs (daevas) and sorcerers and is difficult to conquer. On the other hand, after Muslim invasion of Persia, the region of Tabaristan remained unconquered for a relatively long period of time, which was later called (and mistaken for) Mazandaran.

lit

(Iranian mythology) Mazandaran (a land mentioned in Shahnameh and Avesta)

Mazandaran (A northern province of Iran)

استان مازندران


مزدیسنا

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (mazdaiiasna). A modern borrowing that displaced classical مزدیسن (mazdayasn), of the same source and meaning.


اهورا

head

اهورا • (ahurâ) (plural اهوراها (ahurâ-hâ))

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː]


اهورا

اهورا • (ahurâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورا • (ahurâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː]

a male given name, Ahura, Ahoura, or Ahoora, from Avestan


اسفندیار

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/spandadāt/), in turn derived from Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬋𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬀 (spəntōδāta, literally “given by Amesha Spenta”).


زرتشتی

[zæɾt̪ʰoʃˈt̪ʰiː]

From زرتشت + ـی.


زرتشتی

head

زرتشتی • (zartošti) (plural زرتشتیان (zartoštiân) or زرتشتیها (zartošti-hâ))

zartošti (romanization)
زرتشتیان (plural)
زرتشتیها (plural)

[zæɾt̪ʰoʃˈt̪ʰiː]

From زرتشت + ـی.


سوشینت

سوشینت • (sošyant)

fa-noun

سوشینت • (sošyant)


سوشیانت

head

سوشیانت • (sošyânt)

fa-noun

سوشیانت • (sošyânt)


سوشیانس

head

سوشیانس • (sošyâns)

fa-noun

سوشیانس • (sošyâns)

From Middle Persian swkšydns (sōšyans), from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬝 (saoš́iiaṇt̰).


هوشنگ

head

هوشنگ • (hušang)

fa-proper noun

هوشنگ • (hušang)

→ Azerbaijani: Huşəng

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: होशंग (hośaṅg)

Urdu: ہوشَنْگ (hośaṅg)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هوشَنْك (Hûşenk)

[huː.ʃæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian hwšng (Hōšang), from Old Iranian. Akin to Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (haošiiaŋha, “Haoshyangha”).


فرهاد

head

فرهاد • (farhâd)

fa-proper noun

فرهاد • (farhâd)

Azerbaijani: Fərhad

Bengali: ফরহাদ (fôrhad)

Turkish: Ferhat

Uyghur: پەرھات (perhat)

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fäɾ.hɑ́ːd̪]

[fä.ɾɔ́ːd̪̥]

[fæɹ.hɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Parthian [script needed] (prht /frahāt/), itself from Old Iranian *frahāta- (literally “gained, earned”). Compare Old Armenian Հրահատ (Hrahat), Classical Syriac ܐܦܪܗܛ ('prht), Ancient Greek Ἀφραάτης (Aphraátēs), Φραάτης (Phraátēs) (from which Phraātēs), Φραδάτης (Phradátēs), Iranian borrowings.

der

(Iranian mythology) the unrequited lover of the princess Shirin in the medieval romance Khosrow and Shirin


رستم

→ Arabic: رُسْتُم (rustum)

→ Azerbaijani: Rüstəm

→ Bashkir: Рөстәм (Röstəm)

→ Chagatai: رستم (Rustäm)

Uyghur: رۇستەم (rustem)

Uzbek: Rustam

→ Georgian: როსტომი (rosṭomi)

desc

→ Gujarati: રૂસ્તમ (rūstam), રુસ્તમ (rustam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रुस्तम (rustam)

Urdu: رستم (rustam)

→ Kazakh: Рүстем (Rüstem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: رستم (Rüstem)

Turkish: Rüstem

→ Albanian: Rustem

→ Russian: Рустем (Rustem)

→ Tatar: Рөстәм (Röstäm)

→ Turkmen: Rüstem

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/rōdstahm/), from Middle Persian lwd (/rōd/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/stahm/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.
Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

der

whence modern <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رود</i> (rud)

(Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology


سهراب

head

سهراب • (sohrâb)

fa-proper noun

سهراب • (sohrâb)

→ Armenian: Զոհրաբ (Zohrab)

desctree

→ Georgian: ზურაბი (zurabi), ზურაბ (zurab) — other widely used form, ზურიკო (zuriḳo) — pet form, ზურა (zura) — diminutive
→ Abkhaz: Жәраб (Ẑʷrab)
→ Armenian: Զուրաբ (Zurab)

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[so̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːb]

[soɦ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]


آناهیتا

head

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

fa-proper noun

آناهیتا • (ânâhitâ)

[ʔɑː.nɑː.hiː.ˈtɑː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑː.nɑː.jiː.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɔː.nɔː.ji.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔɒː.nɒː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɒ́ː]

[ʔɔ.nɔ.ɦi.t̪ʰɔ́]

Learned borrowing from Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐏃𐎡𐎫 (Anahita).


پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

head

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

pendâr-e nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[pin.dɑː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kaɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰɪn̪.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰäɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[pʰen̪.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[pʰin̪.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰäɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

uder

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک#Persian

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds
Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds

Alternative form of اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک (andiše-ye nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik, “Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds”)

اندیشه نیک

en-پندار_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-ZDie73vj


رودابه

head

رودابه • (rudâbe)

fa-proper noun

رودابه • (rudâbe)


زال

perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”)


فریدون

From Middle Persian plytwn' (Frēdōn), from Proto-Iranian *Θraitauna-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate to Avestan 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (θraētaona), Lurish فرێدۆ (ferıdø). Akin to Old Armenian Հրուդէն (Hrudēn), a Parthian loanword.

(Iranian mythology) Fereydun/Fredon, Thraitauna/Thraetaona


جمشید

head

جمشید • (jamšid)

fa-proper noun

جمشید • (jamšid)

→ Gujarati: જમશીદ (jamśīd)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: جەمشید (ǰamšīd)

Northern Kurdish: Cemşîd (J̌amšīd)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जमशेद (jamśed)

Urdu: جمشید (jamšed)

Uzbek: Jamshid

Armenian: Ջումշուդ (J̌umšud)

[d͡ʒäm.ʃeːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæm.ʃiːd̪̥]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (jamšēd), a Persian formation of Avestan 𐬫𐬌𐬨𐬀-𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (yima-xšaēta), from Proto-Iranian *yamHáh (“Yama; twin, pair”) + *xšaytah (“bright, shining”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yemHós.


کی‌قباد

کیقباد (canonical)
key-qobâd (romanization)

Bengali: কায়কোবাদ (kaẏkōbad)

Turkish: Keykubad


دوالی

head

دوالی • (devâli)

fa-proper noun

دوالی • (devâli)

Borrowed from Hindustani دوالی / दिवाली (divālī), ultimately from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali). Doublet of دیپاولی (dipâvali).


مغ

head

مُغ • (moğ) (plural مُغان (moğân) or مُغها (moğ-hâ))

مُغ (canonical)
moğ (romanization)
مُغان (plural)
مُغها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: muğ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭢𐭥 (mgw /mow/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (m-gu-u-š /maguš/).

توشعار ملت اسلامیان بگذار اگر خواهی، که در دیر مغان آیی و اسرار نهان بینی.

c. 1585, عرفی شیرازی ('Orfi Shirazi), “Poem 56”, in قصیدهها:

Put aside the customs of the Muslim people if you wish, that you may enter the temples of the magi and see [their] arcane secrets.

še'âr-e mellat-e eslâmiyân bogzâr agar xâhi, ke dar deyr-e moğân âyi o asrâr-e nehân bini.


بیژن

بیژن • (bêžan)

fa-proper noun

بیژن • (bêžan)


گودرز

From Middle Iranian *Gōdarz, according to MacKenzie from Old Iranian *Gau-tarza- (literally “Ox-crusher”), with the constituents ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (whence Persian گاو (gâv, “cow”)) and *teleǵʰ- (“to beat, to crush”) (whence Sanskrit तृह् (tṛh, “to beat, to crush”)); see Pokorny for the latter root. The stem *tarza- is not attested in Old Iranian, unless Bailey is right in seeing it in Khotanese [script needed] (ustairṣṭai, “you tore”) ← *us-tarz-.
Akin to Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭕𐭓𐭆 (Gōtarz), 𐭂𐭅𐭕𐭓𐭆𐭊 (Gōtarzak), and the Iranian borrowings: Ancient Greek Γωτάρζης (Gōtárzēs), Γωτέρζης (Gōtérzēs), Latin Gotarzes, Old Armenian Գոտորզ (Gotorz), Georgian გოდერძი (goderʒi) and Akkadian 𒄖𒋻𒍝𒀀 (Gu-tar-za-a /Gutarzâ/).


فرانک

Azerbaijani:

Latin script: Fəranək

Arabic script: فرانک

Turkish: Feranek

Possibly from a variant of Middle Persian plwʾnk' (parwānag). Compare Iranian borrowings Arabic فُرَانِق (furāniq, “courier's guide”) and Old Armenian Փառնակ (Pʻaṙnak).


منیژه

head

منیژه • (maniže)

fa-proper noun

منیژه • (maniže)


هژیر

hožir (romanization)
hažir (romanization)


سیاوش

head

سیاوش • (siyâvaš)

fa-proper noun

سیاوش • (siyâvaš)

desctree

→ Old Georgian: შიოშ (šioš), შიო (šio), სიაოშ (siaoš)
Georgian: შიოშ (šioš), შიოში (šioši), შიო (šio)
→ Armenian: Շիոշ (Šioš)
→ Middle Armenian: Բիուաբ (Biuab) (an incorrect transliteration due to orthographic confusion)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (syyʾwhš /siyāwaxš/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬥- (siiāuuaršan-, literally “having black stallions”). Akin to Parthian 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫀𐫇𐫢 (šyyʾwš /siyāwaš/), Khwarezmian 𐿃𐾰𐾶𐿃 (šʾwš), Elamite 𒅆𒅀𒈥𒃻 (ši-ia-mar-šá), Old Armenian Շաւարշ (Šawarš), Arabic سِيَاوَش (siyāwaš).

der

𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬥-


منوچهر

desc

→ Middle Armenian: Մանուչար (Manučʻar), Մանիչար (Maničʻar)

Armenian: Մանուչար (Manučʻar)

From Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬱𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (manušciθra). Akin to Old Armenian Մանաճիհր (Manačihr), an Iranian borrowing.


آتنا

head

آتنا • (âtenâ)

fa-proper noun

آتنا • (âtenâ)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ.nɑː]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰi.nɔː]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰe.nɒː]

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).

(Greek mythology) Athena (goddess of wisdom)


رع

Transcription of Egyptian r:a-ra (rꜥ, “the sun; Ra”).


اورانوس

head

اورانوس • (urânus)

fa-proper noun

اورانوس • (urânus)

From Latin Uranus, from Ancient Greek Οὐρανός (Ouranós).


گیلگمش

[ɡʲilɡʲæˈmeʃ]


زرادشت

head

زرادشت • (zarâdošt)

fa-proper noun

زرادشت • (zarâdošt)

زردشت زردشت#Persian


قارن

head

قارن • (qâran)

fa-proper noun

قارن • (qâran)

Ultimately from Parthian 𐭊𐭓𐭍𐭉 (krny /Kārēn/), whence also Old Armenian Կարէն (Karēn).

(Iranian mythology) Qaran, an Iranian paladin, a character in Shahnameh


مهرگان

desctree

→ Arabic: مِهْرَجان (mihrajān)
South Levantine Arabic: مهرجان (mahrajān)

[me̞ɦ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[me̞ɦɾ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[me̞ɦ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[me̞ɦɾ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[mɪ.ɾä.ɡɑ́ːn]

[meɦɹ.ɡɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mihragān). By surface analysis, مهر (mehr, the first month of autumn in the Zoroastrian calendar) + ـگان (-gân, relational suffix).

surf

مهر
<id:mihr><pos:the first month of autumn in the Zoroastrian calendar>

(Zoroastrianism) Mehregan (festival held in the month of Mehr)


زاوش

head

زَاوُشْ • (zâvoš)

fa-proper noun

زَاوُشْ • (zâvoš)

زَاوُشْ (canonical)
zâvoš (romanization)

Derived from Avestan 𐬛𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬱 (dyaoš), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús), Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (Sius).


طهمورث

tahmuras (romanization)
tahmures (romanization)

desc

English: Tahmooras, Tahmoorath, Tahmourath, Tahmurath, Tahmoores, Tahmouras, Tahmoures, Tahmuras, Tahmures (transliteration)

Georgian: თეიმურაზ (teimuraz), თაიმურაზ (taimuraz)

Armenian: Թամրազ (Tʻamraz)

Russian: Теймураз (Tejmuraz)

English: Teimuraz (transliteration)

Ossetian: Таймураз (Tajmuraz)

Russian: Таймура́з (Tajmuráz)

English: Taymuraz, Taimuraz (transliteration)

(Iranian mythology) Tahmooras/Tahmoorath, a mythical king mentioned in the Shahnameh.


پریستان

head

پریستان • (paristân)

fa-noun

پریستان • (paristân)

→ Azerbaijani: Pəristan

→ Urdu: پَرِسْتان (paristān)

[pʰä.ɾiːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰä.ɾiːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰä.ɾiːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰæ.ɹiːs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From پری (pari, “peri”) + ـستان (-stân, “-stan”).

suf

(Iranian mythology) Paristan, a fairyland belonging to the peris


ژوپیتر

head

ژوپیتر • (župiter)

fa-proper noun

ژوپیتر • (župiter)

župiter (romanization)
ژوپیترم (first-person possessive singular)
župiteram (first-person possessive singular)
ژوپیترمان (first-person plural possessive)
župiteremân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
župiteremun (first-person plural possessive)
ژوپیترت (possessive second-person singular)
župiterat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
župiteret (possessive second-person singular)
ژوپیترتان (plural possessive second-person)
župiteretân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
župiteretun (plural possessive second-person)
ژوپیترش (possessive singular third-person)
župiteraš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
župitereš (possessive singular third-person)
ژوپیترشان (plural possessive third-person)
župiterešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
župiterešun (plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from French Jupiter, from Latin Iuppiter.


اورمزد

urmazd (romanization)
اورمزدم (first-person possessive singular)
Urmazdam (first-person possessive singular)
اورمزدمان (first-person plural possessive)
Urmazdemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
Urmazdemun (first-person plural possessive)
اورمزدت (possessive second-person singular)
Urmazdat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
Urmazdet (possessive second-person singular)
اورمزدتان (plural possessive second-person)
Urmazdetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
Urmazdetun (plural possessive second-person)
اورمزدش (possessive singular third-person)
Urmazdaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
Urmazdeš (possessive singular third-person)
اورمزدشان (plural possessive third-person)
Urmazdešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
Urmazdešun (plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣 (Ōhrmazd). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭌𐭆𐭃 (ʾḥwrmzd).


زئوس

From French Zeus, from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).


میزد

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀 (miiazda). Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (mēzd), also from Avestan.


اپنکهت

Probably from Old Hindi or Old Braj उपनिषत् (upniṣat), with the medieval pronunciation of ष (ṣa) as kha. Both from Sanskrit उपनिषद् (upaniṣad).


مازن

head

مازن • (mâzan)

fa-proper noun

مازن • (mâzan)

From Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mazaⁱniia, “giant”), itself from a derivative of Proto-Iranian *máHtā.


مازنی

head

مازنی • (mâzani)

fa-noun

مازنی • (mâzani)

From مازَن (mâzan) + ـی (-i), from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mazaⁱniia, “giant”).


سروش

head

سروش • (sorôš)

fa-proper noun

سروش • (sorôš)

→ Azerbaijani: süruş

→ Udi: соруш (soruš)

→ Urdu: سروش (saroš)

Inherited from Middle Persian slwš (/Srōš/), from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬊𐬱𐬀 (sraoša, “Sraosha”).

inh+

(Zoroastrianism, Iranian mythology) Sraosha, yazata of conscience


اطلس

Borrowed from Arabic أَطْلَس, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).


خونیرث

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hwnyls’ /xwanīrah/, “Xwanirah”), with the influence of Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (xᵛaniraθa).

inh

(Zoroastrianism) Xwanirah, the central and largest of the continents in Zoroastrianism and Old Iranian Mythology, believed to be the region where the most advanced civilizations on earth reside.


اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

head

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

اندیشه نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک • (andiše-ye nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik)

andiše-ye nik (romanization)
goftâr-e nik (romanization)
kerdâr-e nik (romanization)

[ʔan.deː.ʃa.ji neːk ɡuf.tɑː.ɾi neːk kiɾ.dɑː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪eː.ʃä.jɪ neːk ɡʊf.t̪ʰɑː.ɾɪ neːk kʰɪɾ.d̪ɑː.ɾɪ neːk]

[ʔän̪.d̪eː.ʃä.ji neːk ɡuf.t̪ʰɔː.ɾi neːk kʰiɾ.d̪ɔː.ɾi neːk]

[ʔæn̪.d̪iːʃe.je niːkʲ ɡ̥of.t̪ʰɒː.ɹe niːkʲ kʰʲeɹ.d̪ɒː.ɹe niːkʲ]

[ʔän̪.d̪e.ʃä.ji nek ɡuf.t̪ʰɔ.ɾi nek kʰiɾ.d̪ɔ.ɾi nek]

Calque of Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀 (humata hūxta hvaršta).

cal

𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 𐬵𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬀

Good thoughts, Good words, Good deeds; a phrase that represents the three pillars of Zoroastrian Faith

en-اندیشه_نیک،_گفتار_نیک،_کردار_نیک-fa-phrase-3Vcga6yM

پندار نیک، گفتار نیک، کردار نیک

pendâr-e nik, goftâr-e nik, kerdâr-e nik


دارا

head

دارا • (dârâ)

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭠𐭫𐭠𐭡 (dʾlʾb /dārāy/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-u-š /dārayauš/), shortened form of 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-v-u-š /dārayava(h)uš/). Compare English Darius.

inh

(Iranian mythology) Dara, a legendary version of Darius III who was defeated by Alexander

داراب داراب#Persian

(Iranian mythology) Alternative form of داراب (dârâb, a legendary Iranian king).


زردشت

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪ʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪úʃt̪]

[zæɹ.d̪óʃt̪]

[zäɾ.d̪úʃt̪]

زرتشت زرتشت#Persian


شیردال

head

شیردال • (šêrdâl)

fa-noun

شیردال • (šêrdâl)

desc

→ Arabic: شِيرْدَال (šīrdāl)

→ Arabic: شِيرْدَال (šīrdāl)

[ʃeːɾ.ˈdɑːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɑ́ːl]

[ʃeːɾ.d̪ɔ́ːl̥]

[ʃiːɹ.d̪ɒ́ːl̥]

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/šēr/, “lion”) + [Term?] (/dāl/, “eagle”).


چینود

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (cynwt' /činwad/), which was borrowed from Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬥𐬬𐬀𐬙𐬋 (cinvatō). Both the concept and the word were then transferred to Islam following the Arab conquests.

inh+

ترا هست محشر رسول حجاز
دهنده به پول چنیود جواز

1066, Asadī Ṭūsī, گرشاسپنامه [Garshāsp Nāma]:

On Resurrection Day, the Prophet from Hejaz is there for you
To grant the right of passage on the Bridge of Chinavad.

tu rā hast mahšar rasūl-i hijāz
dihanda ba pūl-i čanīwad jawāz

(Zoroastrianism, Islam) An extremely narrow bridge that Zoroastrians and Muslims believe all souls will cross on Doomsday, with only the virtuous able to cross. Called the Chinvat Bridge in Avestan and al-Ṣirāṭ in Arabic.


برهمن

بَرَهمَن (canonical)
barahman (romanization)

Ultimately from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (brahman).


درون

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwn' /drōn/, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”), also attested in Classical Syriac ܕܪܘܢ (drōn, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”) and a derivative ܕܪܘܢܝܐ (drōnāyyā, “a kind of attendant serving sacred bread”).


هاماوران

head

هاماوران • (hâmâvarân)

[ʔɑː.mɑː.wä.ɾɑːn]

[ʔɔː.mɔː.wä.ɾɔːn]

Ultimately from Old South Arabian 𐩢𐩣𐩺𐩧 (ḥmyr).

(Iranian mythology) Hamavaran (a legendary version of Yemen)


طهماسب

طهماسب • (tahmâsb)

fa-proper noun

طهماسب • (tahmâsb)

desc

→ Armenian: Թահմազ (Tʻahmaz), ⇒ Թահմազյան (Tʻahmazyan)

desctree

→ Georgian: თამაზ (tamaz)
→ Ossetian: Таймаз (Tajmaz)

→ Azerbaijani: Təhmasib

[t̪ʰäɦ.mɑ́ːsb]

[t̪ʰäɦ.mɑ́ːsb]

[t̪ʰɑː.mɑ́ːsb]

[t̪ʰɔː.mɔ́ːsb̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.mɒ́ːsb̥]

From Middle Persian 𐭲𐭧𐭬(𐭩)𐭠𐭮𐭯 (tḥm(y)ʾsp /Tahmāsp/, a male given name, literally “having brave horses”), a bahuvrihi compound for whose constituents see Persian تهم (tahm, “brave”) and اسب (asb, “horse”). Akin to Elamite 𒁹𒎕𒈠𒀾𒁀 (ᵐtam₅-ma-áš-ba /Tammašba/), borrowed from the Old Iranian form of the same name.
The proposed identification with Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬁𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥𐬀 (tumāspana, a given name, literally “with fat horses”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *tum-, should be rejected.

ncog

a male given name, Tahmasb, from Middle Persian

(Iranian mythology) A character in Shahnameh


عنقا

head

عنقا • ('anqâ)

fa-noun

عنقا • ('anqâ)

سیمرغ سیمرغ#Persian

(Iranian mythology) Synonym of سیمرغ (simorğ, a mythical bird).


دخمه

→ Azerbaijani: dəxmə

→ Ottoman Turkish: دخمه (dahme)

Turkish: dahme

→ Urdu: دخمہ (daxma)

→ Uzbek: daxma

(Zoroastrianism) dakhma, tower of silence


باولی

head

باولی • (bâvli)

fa-noun

باولی • (bâvli)


آتشدان

head

آتشدان • (âtašdân)

fa-noun

آتشدان • (âtašdân)

→ Gujarati: આતશદાન (ātaśdān)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.d̪ɔ́n]

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + ـدان (-dân, “holder, container”).

af

(Zoroastrianism) fire altar; vessel of the sacred flame


فرشگرد

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fɪ.ɾäʃ.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪̥]

[fi.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪̥]

[fæ.ɹæʃ.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

[fe.ɹæʃ.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

[fä.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪]

[fi.ɾäʃ.ɡíɹd̪]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (prš(y)gyrd /fraš(a)gird/, “Frashokereti; making wonderful, excellent”), from Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬋𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬌 (frašōkər^əti).

der

(Zoroastrianism) Frashokereti, the final renovation of the world, wherein evil is destroyed, and the world is purified


رشن

head

رشن • (rašn)

fa-proper noun

رشن • (rašn)

From Middle Persian lšn (rašn), from Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬎 (rašnu).

(Zoroastrianism) Rashnu, the yazata of justice and the divine judge


سگدید

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íːd̪]

[säɡ.d̪íd̪̥]

[sæɡʲ.d̪íːd̪̥]

From سگ (sag, “dog”) + دید (did, “vision”).

(Zoroastrianism) presentation of a recently deceased body to a dog, whose sight is considered purifying


گشتاسپ

head

گشتاسپ • (goštâsp)

fa-proper noun

گشتاسپ • (goštâsp)

desc

→ Arabic: كُشْتَاسْب (kuštāsb), كُشْتَاسْف (kuštāsf)

→ Azerbaijani: Güştasp

→ Gujarati: ગુશતાસ્પ (guśtāsp)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كشتاسب (Güştâsb)

[ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːsp]

[ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːsp]

[ɡʊʃ.t̪ʰɑ́ːsp]

[ɡuʃ.t̪ʰɔ́ːsp]

[ɡ̥oʃ.t̪ʰɒ́ːsp]


کتایون

head

کتایون • (katâyun)

fa-proper noun

کتایون • (katâyun)

→ Azerbaijani: Kətayun

desctree

→ Georgian: ქეთევანი (ketevani), ქეთინო (ketino), ქეთი (keti)
→ Armenian: Քեթևան (Kʻetʻewan)
→ Ossetian: Кетеван (Ketevan)
→ Russian: Кетева́нь (Ketevánʹ)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كتایون (Ketâyûn)

[kʰä.t̪ʰɑː.júːn]

[kʰä.t̪ʰɑː.júːn]

[kʰä.t̪ʰɑː.júːn]

[kʰʲæ.t̪ʰɒː.júːn]

(Iranian mythology) Katayun (wife of Goshtasp)


مناجات

head

مناجات • (monâjât)

fa-noun

مناجات • (monâjât)

→ Bengali: মোনাজাত (mōnajat)

→ Gujarati: મુનાજાત (munājāt)

→ Kazakh: мінәжат (mınäjat)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مناجات (münacat)

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

[mʊ.nɑː.d͡ʒɑ́ːt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُنَاجَاة (munājāh, “intimate conversation”). The religious associations come from Qur'an 19:52, where the verb نَاجَى (nājā) is used to describe God's conversation with Moses, and was popularized by the eleventh-century mystic Abdullah Ansari in his mystical work مناجاتنامه (monâjât-nâme).

bor+

(Zoroastrianism) intimate prayer, often in the form of poetry, in New Persian or Gujarati (as opposed to Avestan or Middle Persian)


ببر بیان

From ببر (babr, “tiger”) + بیان (bayân, meaning unknown).

af

Babr-e Bayan, the leopard-skin armor worn by the hero Rustam


اشم وهو

[ʔæ.ʃém vo.ɦúː]

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬆𐬨 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬏 (aṣ̌əm vohū).

bor+

(Zoroastrianism) Ashem Vohu, one of the four great Avestan mantras


اشم

head

اشم • (ašem)

fa-noun

اشم • (ašem)

سوی جنت چو خواهد رفت جانم
اشم آری در آن دم بر زبانم

1599, Bahman-i Kay Kubād, قصه سنجان [Qissa-yi Sanjān]:

When my soul departs towards Heaven,
May You bring the ashem upon my tongue at that moment.

sōy-i jannat čū xwāhad raft jān-am
ašim ārī dar ān dam bar zabān-am

اشم وهو
اشم وهو#Persian

(Zoroastrianism) Short for اشم وهو (ašem vohu).


گنامینو

head

گنامینو • (ganāmīnō)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gnʾk' mynwk /gannāk mēnōg/, “the Stinking Spirit”).

inh+

وزان پس هم گنامینو گجسته
مر این ره را دگر باره شکسته

And after that too, the accursed Stinking Spirit
Broke this road a second time.

w-az ān pas ham ganāmīnō gujasta
mar īn rah rā digar bāra šikasta

(Zoroastrianism, obsolete) Ahriman, Angra Mainyu (the evil spirit)


جددین

→ Gujarati: જુદ્દીન (juddīn)

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

[d͡ʒʊd̪.d̪íːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywdt dyn' /jud-dēn/, literally “[those of] anti-religion”).

inh

بکرده دور سه فرسنگ جددین
نمانده کس درو جز مرد بهدین

The infidels were driven out three leagues away,
Nobody remained there except for men of the Good Faith.

bakarda dūr si farsang juddīn
na-mānda kas dar ō juz mard-i bihdīn


یشتن

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yštn' /yaštan/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yazaⁱti, “to worship, to venerate”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyáȷ́ati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-.

der

به چندان روز و ماه یشت و یزشها
بیشتند و بسی کردند تخشا

For so many days and months, they performed rites and rituals and were very diligent.

ba čandān rōz u māh yašt u yaziš-hā
biyaštand u basē kardand taxšā

(Zoroastrianism, obsolete) to worship, to perform Zoroastrian rituals


خویدوده

head

خویدوده • (xidude)

fa-noun

خویدوده • (xidude)

Learned borrowing from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwytw(k)ds /xwēdodah/), borrowed from Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬚𐬀 (xᵛaētuuadaθa). The earlier Persian Revayats do not use this spelling but rather خیتودت (xitudat), خویدیودت (xidyudat), خویتودث (xitudas), etc.

lbor

(Zoroastrianism) xwedodah; close-kin marriage


ارد

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫𐭲𐭩 (ʾlty /ard/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /r̥taʰ/), from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥táh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”), Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “fixed order, truth”).

inh+

نهم عزیز چو ارد ایزد و دهم اشتاد
بهوش باش که گفتم اگر تو نادانی

1800s?, کی بهرام, در صفت دوازده امام و چهارده معصوم گویم, published 1942:

Since the ninth dear one is the divine Ard and the tenth is Ashtad,
Be aware that I have told you, if you did not know!

nohom aziz čo ard izad o dahom aštâd
be huš bâš ke goftam agar to nâdân-i

(Zoroastrianism) Ard, a goddess and divine assistant of Spenta Armaiti, thought to preside over the twenty-fifth day


دستان

head

دستان • (dastân)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[d̪æs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

(Iranian mythology) Alternative name of the hero زال (zâl).


کوهکن

کوه (kuh, “mountain”) + کن (kan, present stem of کندن (kandan, “to dig”)).
In the medieval romance Khosrow and Shirin, the heroine Shirin tells Farhad that she will accept his love if he can achieve the impossible feat of cutting a hole through a mountain for her. He accomplishes this difficult feat, but Shirin's husband Khosrow lies to him that Shirin has died in the meantime, driving him to commit suicide.

af

کن
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کندن</i> (kandan, “to dig”)>

فرهاد فرهاد#Persian

(poetic, Iranian mythology) "Digger of Mountains": an epithet of فرهاد (farhâd).


هیربد

head

هیربد • (hirbod) (plural هیربدان (hirbodân))

[ʔeːɾ.bʊ́d̪]

[ʔeːɾ.búd̪̥]

[ʔeːɾ.bǽd̪̥]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hylpt' /hērbed/, “religious scholar”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aēθrapaⁱti, “teacher priest”). By surface analysis, هیر (hir, “fire; worship, obedience”) + ـبد (-bod, “lord, master”).

surf

اینکه موبدان و دستوران و ردان و هیربدان را نشاید که همه کس را پهلوی آموزند که زردشت از هورمزد پرسید که پهلوی آموختن مر کسان را شاید هورمزد به افزونی جواب داد که هر که از نسل تو باشد موبد و دستور و هیربدی که خردمند باشد. دیگر هیچ کس را نشاید جز از اینکه گفتهام اگر دیگران را آموزند او را عظیم گناه باشد اگر بسیار کار کرفه کرده باشد فرجام او را بدوزخ بود.

That the mowbeds and dasturs and rads and herbods [orders of Zoroastrian priests] must not let everybody learn Pahlavi, for Zoroaster asked Ahura Mazda whether learning Pahlavi was suitable for people, and Ahura Mazda answered extensively, "Everyone descended from you who are mowbeds and dasturs and herbods who are wise. Nobody else should [learn the Pahlavi language], except for those who I have mentioned. If it is taught to others, it is a great sin. [Even] if his good deeds are many, his end will be in Hell."

īn-ki mūbidān u dastūrān u radān u hērbudān rā na-šāyad ki hama kas rā pahlawī amōzand ki zardušt az hūrmazd porsīd ki pahlawī āmōxtan mar kasān rā šāyad hūrmazd ba afzūnī jawāb dād ki har ki az nasl-i tō bāšad mūbid u dastūr u hērbudē ki xiradmand bāšad. dīgar hēč kas rā na-šāyad juz az īn-ki gufta'am agar dīgarān rā āmōzand ō rā azīm gunāh bāšad agar bisyār kār-i kirfa karda bāšad farjām-i ō rā ba dōzax buwad.

(Zoroastrianism) lowest-ranking Zoroastrian priest