ادرار

head

ادرار • (edrâr)

fa-noun

ادرار • (edrâr)

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔid̪.ɾɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔed̪.ɹɒ́ːɹ]


پیشاب

head

پیشاب • (pišâb)

fa-noun

پیشاب • (pišâb)

→ Assamese: পেচাপ (pesap)

→ Bengali: পেশাব (peśab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पेशाब (peśāb)

Urdu: پیشاب (peśāb)

→ Kashmiri: پیٚشاب (peśāb)

→ Punjabi: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਬ (piśāb)

→ Sindhi: پشاب (pešâbu)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠦꠡꠣꠛ (feśab)

→ Uzbek: пэшоб / peshob

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɔ́ːb̥]

[pʰiː.ʃɒ́ːb̥]

From پیش (piš, “front”) + آب (âb, “water”).


شیر

head

شیر • (šir or šêr) (plural شیرها (šir-hâ) or شیران (širân))

šir (romanization)
šêr (romanization)
شیرها (plural)
شیران (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şir

→ Bengali: শের (śer)

→ Gilaki: شیر (šīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शेर (śer)

Urdu: شیر (šer)

→ Khalaj: şîr

→ Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)

Turkish: şir

→ Uzbek: sher

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /šagr, šēr/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.

inh

(Indo-Persian) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)


شیر

šir (romanization)
شیرم (first-person possessive singular)
širam (first-person possessive singular)
شیرمان (first-person plural possessive)
širemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
širemun (first-person plural possessive)
شیرت (possessive second-person singular)
širat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
širet (possessive second-person singular)
شیرتان (plural possessive second-person)
širetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
širetun (plural possessive second-person)
شیرش (possessive singular third-person)
širaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šireš (possessive singular third-person)
شیرشان (plural possessive third-person)
širešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
širešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /šīr/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

کمی شیر اضافه کن


آب

Dari: آب (āb), اَو (aw)

Hazaragi: او (aw)

Iranian Persian: آب (âb)

Tajik: об (ob)

→ Äynu: ab

→ Bengali: আব (āb)

→ Gujarati: અબ (āb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आब (āb)

Urdu: آب (āb)

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: آب (āb)

Devanagari script: आब (āb)

Sharada script: 𑆄𑆧𑇀 (āb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آب (âb)
Turkish: ab, ap

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਬ (āba)

Shahmukhi script: آب (āb)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: آبُ (ābu)

Devanagari script: आबु (ābu)

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋔𑋣 (ābu)

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠛ (ab)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
From Middle Persian ʾp̄ (āb), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (ap-), from Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš (compare Northern Kurdish av, aw, Baluchi آپ (áp), Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (obë), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (compare Sanskrit अप् (ap)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water, body of water”).

der

آب انار


آب

Borrowed from Arabic آب (ʔāb), from Classical Syriac ܐܒ.


آب منی

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]


چای

desc

→ Arabic: شَاي (šāy), صَاي (ṣāy), صَا (ṣā)

→ Amharic: ሻይ (šay)

→ Gulay: sáȳ, sáyā

→ Hausa: shāyì

→ Nupe: shayì

→ Hijazi Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Libyan Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Mango: sáỳ

→ Gulf Arabic: چاي

→ Swahili: chai

→ Mabaan: caayi

→ Aramaic: ܟ݈ܐܝ (chai)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाय (cāy), चा (cā)

Urdu: چای (ćāy), چا (cā)

→ Kalasha: čay

→ Khalaj: čây

→ Konkani: चा (cā), च्या (cyā)

→ Malayalam: ചായ (cāya)

→ Marathi: चहा (cahā)

→ Mongolian: цай (caj) ᠴᠠᠢ (čai)

→ Odia: ଚା (cā)

→ Pashto: چای (čây)

→ Punjabi: ਚਾਹ (cāh) / چاہ (cāh)

→ Sindhi: چانھ (čānhi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چای (çay) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: çaý

From possibly چا + ـی or Chinese 茶葉／茶叶 (cháyè).


خون

Judeo-Tat: xun

Tajik: хун (xun)

→ Azerbaijani: xun

→ Bengali: খুন (khun)

→ Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /xūn/)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)

Urdu: خُون (xūn)

→ Maithili: khūn

Devanagari script: खून

Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢

→ Punjabi: xūn

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ

Shahmukhi script: خُون

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /xōn/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /xōn/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.
Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /gōxn/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /xurn/) or [script needed] (wγrn /wuxrn, uxarn/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).


طاس

Tajik: тос (tos)

→ Uzbek: tos

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (tās)

→ Bengali: তাস (taś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ताश (tāś)

Urdu: تاش (tāś)

→ Kyrgyz: таз (taz)

→ Nepali: तास (tās)

→ Old East Slavic: тазъ (tazŭ) (via Turkic)

Belarusian: таз (taz)

Russian: таз (taz)

Ukrainian: таз (taz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طاس (tâs)

Turkish: tas

→ Albanian: tas

→ Bulgarian: тас (tas)

→ Greek: τάσι (tási)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тас

Latin script: tas

→ Romanian: tas

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਸ਼ (tāś), ਤਾਸ (tās)

Shahmukhi script: تاش (tāś)

→ Tatar: тас (tas), таз (taz)

→ Turkmen: таз

→ Uyghur: داس (das)

Borrowed from Arabic طاس (ṭās). Doublet of طشت (tašt), تشت (tašt).


طاس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tʾs /tās/, “die”).


باروت

head

باروت • (bârut)

fa-noun

باروت • (bârut)

→ Hindi: बारूत (bārūt)

→ Kurdish:

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: barût

desc

Central Kurdish: بارووت (barût), باڕووت (barrût)

Southern Kurdish: بارۊت (barüt)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਰੂਤ (bārūt)

→ Urdu: باروت (bārūt)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Persian بارود (bârud), from Arabic بارود (bārūd).


برنج

berenj (romanization)
birinj (romanization)

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]


برنج

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blnc /brinǰ/), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫗𐫃 (brynng /bring/, “bronze, brass”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫛𐫓𐫏𐫗𐫝 (plync /plinǰ/). Compare Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj), Old Georgian პილენძი (ṗilenʒi, “copper”), Aghwan 𐕗𐔼𐔾𐔼𐕎𐕕 (ṗilinʒ, “bronze”), Udi пӏилиндж (ṗilinǯ, “copper”), Classical Syriac ܦܠܙܐ (plezzā), Middle Iranian borrowings.


دوغ

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (dwwg), from Proto-Iranian *dáwgah. Related to دوختن (duxtan), دوشیدن (dušidan, “to milk”). Also compare Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá).


گلاب

head

گلاب • (golâb)

fa-noun

گلاب • (golâb)

desctree

→ Arabic: جُلَاب (julāb)
→ Aragonese: julepe
→ Asturian: xulepe
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουλάπιν (zoulápin)
→ English: julep
→ French: julep
→ Russian: щуле́пъ (ščulép), шуле́пъ (šulép, “a kind of gingerbread”)
→ Georgian: ჯულაბი (ǯulabi)
→ Gujarati: જુલાબ (julāb), જુલ્લાબ (jullāb)
→ Italian: giulebbe, giulebbo (archaic)
→ Maltese: ġulepp, ġlepp
→ Middle Armenian: ճուլապ (čulap), ճուլլապ (čullap)
→ Old Catalan: julep
Catalan: julep
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jalepe
→ Portuguese: julepe, julepo
→ Old Spanish: julepe
Spanish: julepe
→ Sicilian: gileppu, cileppu

→ Azerbaijani: gülab

→ Gujarati: ગુલાબ (gulāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाब (gulāb)

Urdu: گُلاب (gulāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲਾਬ (gulāb)

Shahmukhi script: گلاب (gulāb)

desc

гуля́фная вода́

→ Russian: гуля́фная вода́ (guljáfnaja vodá), гуля́ф (guljáf)

→ Thai: กุหลาบ (gù-làap)

→ Uzbek: gulob

[ɡ̥o.lɒ́ːb̥]

From گل (gol, “rose”) + آب (âb, “water”).


رم

→ Pashto: رم (ram)

Likely from Middle Persian *hram, borrowed from Parthian *hram (“fear, terror”), from Proto-Iranian *θráhma. Doublet of سهم (sahm, “fear”).

(especially of animals, birds) shying, taking off from fright


قهوه

head

قَهْوِه • (qahve) (plural قهوهها (qahve-hâ))

قَهْوِه (canonical)
qahve (romanization)
قهوهها (plural)

Tajik: қаҳва (qahva)

→ Gujarati: કહવા (kahvā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हवा (qahvā)

Urdu: قَہْوَہ (qahva)

→ Punjabi: قَہْوَہ (qahvah)

→ Sindhi: قَهِوو (qahivo)


طلا

talâ (romanization)
telâ (romanization)
tellâ (romanization)

desc

→ Georgian: თელა (tela) (chiefly Fereydan)

Mashhad, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan


آبلیمو

head

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

fa-noun

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

From آب + لیمو.


باران

head

باران • (bârân)

fa-noun

باران • (bârân)

→ Azerbaijani: baran

→ Gujarati: બારાન (bārān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: باران (baran)
Turkish: baran (obsolete)

→ Pashto: باران (bârân)

desc

→ Urdu: باراں (bārā̃)

→ Urdu: باراں (bārā̃)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾlʾn' /wārān/) (Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (wʾrʾn /wārān/)), compound of [script needed] (wʾl /wār-/) and [script needed] (-ʾn' /-ān/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waHr- (“water; rain”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁r- (“water”).
Indo-Iranian cognates include Northern Kurdish baran, Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬭𐬀 (vāra, “rain”), and Sanskrit वार् (vār, “water”). Other Indo-European cognates include Luwian 𒉿𒀀𒅈 (wār, “water”), Old Norse vari (“liquid, water”) and Latin ūrīnor (“to dive”).

inh

باران کلاهش را تر کرده.

منت باران به کشت آرزویش میدهد
غمزهات گر خستهای را تیرباران کرده است

c. 1650, Mīrzā Abū Ṭālib Kalīm, دیوان [Dīvān]:

Your teasing wink fulfills the duty of rain for the field of [my heart’s] desire
Though it has rained [only] a shower of arrows into a wounded [heart].

minnat-i bârân ba kišt-i ârzû-yaš mê-nihad
ğamza-at gar xasta-ê râ tîrbârân karda ast


گیلاس

head

گیلاس • (gilâs or gêlâs) (plural گیلاسها (gilâs-hâ))

gilâs (romanization)
gêlâs (romanization)
گیلاسها (plural)

Borrowed from Hindustani گلاس / गिलास (gilās), from English glass.

یَک گیلاس اَو بالایِ میز است (more colloquial)


شکر

šakar (romanization)
šakkar (romanization)
šekar (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: şəkər

→ Baluchi: شکر (šakkal)

→ Bashkir: шәкәр (şəkər)

→ Chagatai: شکر

Uyghur: شەكەر (sheker)

Uzbek: shakar

→ Chechen: шекар (šekar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शक्कर (śakkar)

Urdu: شکر (śakkar)

→ Karachay-Balkar: шекер (şeker)

→ Kazakh: шекер (şeker)

→ Kumyk: шекер (şeker)

→ Kyrgyz: шекер (şeker)

desctree

→ Proto-Mongolic: *šiker
Buryat: шэхэр (šexer)
East Yugur: shigir
Middle Mongol:
Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ (sikir), ᠰᠢᠬᠡᠷ (siker), ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷ (čikir)
Khalkha: чихэр (čixer)
→ Southern Altai: чикир (čikir)
→ Tuvan: чигир (çigir)
Jerim: /ʃixər/
Juu Uda:
Baarin: /ʃixər/
Aru Khorchin: /t͡ʃʰixər/
Ulan Tsab: /t͡ʃixər/, /t͡ʃʰixər/
Shilingol: /t͡ʃixər/
Ordos: /ʃikxər/
→ Arabic: شيكر (šiker, šikir)
→ Chinese: 扯克兒／扯克儿 (čeker) (Beilu Yiyu)
→ Uyghur: شېكەر (shëker)
Written Oirat:
Kalmyk: шикр (şikr)
→ Kalmyk: шикр-балта (şikr-balta)
→ Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)

→ Ossetian: сӕкӕр (sækær)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شكر (şeker)
Turkish: şeker
→ Adyghe: шэкэр (šɛkɛr)
→ Albanian: sheqer
→ Armenian: շեքեր (šekʻer)
→ Bulgarian: шеке́р (šekér)
→ Central Kurdish: شەکر (şekir)
→ Crimean Tatar: şeker
→ Gagauz: şeker
→ Gulf Arabic: شكر (shákar)
→ Iraqi Arabic: شكر (shákar)
→ Ladino: sheker
→ Laz: შექერი (şekeri), შეჩერი (şeçeri) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
→ Macedonian: шеќер (šeḱer)
→ Northern Kurdish: şekir
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шећер
Latin script: šećer
→ Zazaki: şeker

→ Pashto: شکره (šakᶕra)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੱਕਰ (śakkar)

Shahmukhi script: شَکَّر (śakkar)

→ Shor: сакер (saker)

desc

شڪر<alt:شَڪَرِ>

→ Sindhi: شَڪَرِ (śakari)

→ Tatar: шикәр (şikär)

→ Turkmen: şeker

[ʃækʲ.kʰʲǽɹ]

[ʃækʲ.kʰʲǽɹ]

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (škʿ /šakar/), from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).


زر

→ Armenian: զառ (zaṙ), զար (zar)

→ Azerbaijani: zər

→ Bengali: জর (zôr)

→ Georgian: ზარი (zari)

→ Gujarati: જર (jar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़र (zar)

Urdu: زر (zar)

→ Marathi: जर (j̈ar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زر

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰ (zar)

Shahmukhi script: زَر (zar)

From Middle Persian *zarr (“gold”), from Parthian *zarn (“gold”); the inherited form would have started with a D, as is seen in Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y). Ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Indo-Iranian cognates include Northern Kurdish zêrr, and Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya). Other cognates include Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato), Latvian zelts, and English gold and yellow.


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-, *gʰer- (“to encircle; to spin around”).


زر

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, to mature”).

همی نوبهار آید و تیر ماه/ جهان گاه برنا شود گاه زر


تخم

→ Azerbaijani: toxum

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخم (tohum), توخوم (tohum)

Turkish: tohum

→ Armenian: թոխում (tʻoxum)

→ Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)

→ Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)

→ Urdu: تخم (tuxm)

→ Uyghur: تۇخۇم (tuxum, “egg”)

→ Uzbek: tuxum (“egg”)

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /tōxm/, “seed, line, race”), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥- (taoxman-, “seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“germ, seed, sprout, offspring”). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.


نقره

Borrowed from Arabic نُقْرَة (nuqra).
From Sogdian [script needed] (n'krtk-w /nākarta/).

زر و نقره گر نبودندی نهان / پرورش کی یافتندی زیر کان

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 178:

If gold and silver were not hidden, how would they get nourishment [grow and ripen] in the mine?

zar o noqre gar na-budandi nehân / parvareš key yâftandi zir-e kân


کوکاکولا

head

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)

fa-noun

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)


آبجو

head

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

fa-noun

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈd͡ʒaw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɔːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɒːb.d͡ʒów]


آب میوه

head

آب میوه • (âb mive)

fa-noun

آب میوه • (âb mive)


آبشار

head

آبشار • (âbšâr) (plural آبشارها (âbšâr-hâ))

→ Gujarati: આબશાર (ābaśār)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭡𐭱𐭠𐭥 (ābšār), equivalent to آب (âb, “water”) + شار (šâr, “pour”), see شاریدن (šâridan) for the second part. Compare Northern Kurdish avşirr, daşirr (“toilet”).

نگسلد فریاد مرغان چمن از یکدگر
روز و شب از تردماغی چون صدای آبشار

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 17”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The cries of the meadow nightingales do not separate from each other
Out of mirth day and night, like the sound of the waterfall.

na-gusilad faryād-i murğān-i čaman az yakdigar
rōz u šab az tardimāğī čūn sadā-yi ābšār


شراب

شَراب • (šarâb)

fa-noun

شَراب • (šarâb)

مگر سپاه سالار که هرگز شراب نخورده بود.

11th century, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 78:

except the Sipahsalar [Army Commander], who had never drunk wine.

magar sepâh-sâlâr ke hargez šarâb na-xorde bud.


کراک

head

کراک • (kerâk)

fa-noun

کراک • (kerâk)


آهن

head

آهن • (âhan)

fa-noun

آهن • (âhan)

→ Khalaj: âhən

→ Brahui: اهین

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾh(y)n' /āhan/, “iron”), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwā.


پولاد

head

پولاد • (pōlād)

fa-noun

پولاد • (pōlād)

desc

→ Arabic: فُولَاذ (fūlāḏ), بُولَاد (būlād)

Andalusian Arabic: فُولَاذ

Egyptian Arabic: بولاد (bulād)

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܦܘܠܕ (pūlāḏ)

→ Azerbaijani: polad

→ Bashkir: Булат (Bulat)

→ Buryat: булад (bulad)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur:

Arabic script: پولات (polat)

Cyrillic script: полат (polat)

Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: пўлат (poʻlat)

Latin script: poʻlat

desctree

→ Georgian: ფოლადი (poladi)
→ Bats: ფოლად (polad)
→ Mingrelian: ფოლანდი (polandi), ფულანდი (pulandi)
→ Svan: ფოლა̈დ (poläd)

→ Gujarati: પોલાદ (polād)

→ Hebrew: פלדה (pladá)

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: بولات

Cyrillic script: болат (bolat)

→ Kyrgyz: болот (bolot)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փոլատ (pʻolat), փօլատ (pʻōlat)

→ Middle Mongol:

Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ (bolud)

Cyrillic script: болд (bold)

→ Chinese: 孛羅／孛罗 (Bóluó)

→ Written Oirat: ᡋᡆᠯᡆᡑ (bolod)

Kalmyk: болд (bold)

→ Ossetian: болат (bolat) (via Turkic)

→ Russian: булат (bulat) (via Turkic)

→ English: bulat

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولاد (pûlâd, polâd)

Turkish: polat

Siberian Turkic (via Kipchak or Mongolic):

→ Khakas: молат (molat)

→ Shor: молат (molat)

→ Northern Altai: полот (polot)

→ Tofa: болат (bolat)

→ Tuvan: болат (bolat)

→ Turkmen: polat

[pʰʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰuː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwlʾpt'), 𐫛𐫇𐫓𐫀𐫇𐫅 (pwlʾwd /pōlāwad/). Probably from Old Persian *paurāvat-/*paurāvatī (meaning: “(equipped) with sharp metal blade”). Cognate with Iranian borrowing Old Armenian պողովատ (połovat), պողոպատ (połopat).

inh

فولاد فولاد#Persian

Early Classical form of فولاد (fulâd, “steel”)


پولاد

head

پولاد • (pôlâd)

fa-noun

پولاد • (pôlâd)

desc

→ Bashkir: Булат (Bulat), Бикбулат (Bikbulat)

→ Kazakh: Болат (Bolat)

→ Kyrgyz: Болот (Bolot)

→ Turkish: Polat

→ Uyghur: پولات (polat)

[pʰʊː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰuː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]


عرق

head

عَرَق • (araq)

fa-noun

عَرَق • (araq)

→ Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

→ Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند
از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلاب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:

It is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face],
When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.

āfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand
az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulāb

arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)


دیگ

→ Bengali: ডেক (ḍek), ডেগ (ḍeg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देग (deg)

Urdu: دیگ (deg)

→ Mauritian Creole: deg

→ Pashto: دېګ

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਗ (deg)

Shahmukhi script: دیگ (deg)

→ Ushojo: دیگ (deg)

From Middle Persian dyk' (dēg, “cauldron”), from Proto-Iranian *dai(a)-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to shine, radiate, light a fire”), with possible semantic contamination from Proto-Iranian *daĵ- (“to burn”). The former is from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”) and cognate with Semnani دیک (dik, “pot”), Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, illuminate”), Ancient Greek δέατο (déato, “shone”), and Old Norse teitr (“cheerful”), while the latter is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


اشک

→ Chagatai: اشك (eşk)

→ Gujarati: અશ્ક (aśk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अश्क (aśk)

Urdu: اشک (aśk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸ਼ਕ (aśak)

Shahmukhi script: اشک (aśk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اشك (eşk)

A suffixed form of Proto-Iranian *Hácru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”). It may have been borrowed from Parthian 𐫀𐫢𐫐 (ʾšk /ašk/) or some other Iranian language. Doublet of ارس (ars), which was inherited and lacks the suffix. Compare Khotanese [script needed] (āṣka-), Wakhi yašk.


ویتامین

head

ویتامین • (vitâmin) (plural ویتامینها (vitâmin-hâ))

vitâmin (romanization)
ویتامینها (plural)


تریاک

تریاک • (teryâk)

fa-noun

تریاک • (teryâk)

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰɪɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɑ́ːk]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɔ́ːk]

[t̪ʰeɹ.jɒ́ːkʲ]

[t̪ʰæɹ.jɒ́ːkʲ]

[t̪ʰäɾ.jɔ́k]

From Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).


حشیش

head

حشیش • (hašiš)

fa-noun

حشیش • (hašiš)


بنگ

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭭𐭢 (bng /bang/, “henbane”). Cognate with Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga, “hemp”).

inh

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

hashish, narcotic made from Cannabis sativa


باده

head

باده • (bâde)

fa-noun

باده • (bâde)

→ Gujarati: બાદા (bādā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: باده (bāda)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باده (bâde)

Turkish: bade

From Middle Persian bʾtk' (bādag, “wine, must”), from Old Persian, most likely from Akkadian 𒁀𒂅𒌑 (baṭû, “tray, platter; mixing container, bowl for liquids; wine jar, pitcher”), from earlier Akkadian 𒁀𒋾𒌝 (baṭium, “vessel, basin, place to hold; tray, platter”). Cognate to Arabic بَاطِيَة (bāṭiya, “a kind of earthen vessel for storing wine”), Persian بادیه (bâtiye), Classical Syriac ܒܳܛܺܝܬܴܐ (bāṭīṯā), Ancient Greek βατιάκη, βατιάκιον (batiákē, batiákion), Latin batiaca, batioca, batiola. Compare Arabic بَاذِق ("red wine"), an Iranian borrowing.

cog

βατιάκη, βατιάκιον


می

→ Azerbaijani:

Arabic script: مئی

Cyrillic script: меј

Latin script: mey

→ Gujarati: મય (maya)

→ Gurani: مهی (may)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مەی (mey)

Northern Kurdish: mey

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مے (mai)

→ Ottoman Turkish: می (may)

Turkish: mey

→ Pashto: می (may)

→ Uzbek: may

From Middle Persian [script needed] (HS) / [script needed] (mdy /may/, “wine”), from Old Persian *𐎶𐎯 (*m-du /*madu/), from Proto-Iranian *mádu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, mead”).


قند

→ Gulf Arabic: قند (qand)

Borrowed from Arabic قَنْد (qand), displacing older کند (kand) or کاند (kând).


آلیاژ

head

آلیاژ • (âliyâž) (plural آلیاژها (âliyâž-hâ))

[ʔɒː.li.jɒ́ːʒ]


ودکا

ودکا • (vodkâ)

fa-noun

ودکا • (vodkâ)


گوگرد

head

گوگرد • (gôgerd)

fa-noun

گوگرد • (gôgerd)

→ Azerbaijani: kükürd

→ Bashkir: көкөрт (kökört)

→ Chuvash: кӳкӗрт (kük̬ĕrt)

→ Georgian: გოგირდი (gogirdi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोगिर्द (gogird)

Urdu: گوگرد (gugird, gogird)

→ Kazakh: күкірт (kükırt)

→ Kyrgyz: күкүрт (kükürt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گوگرد (gûgird)

→ Mongolian: хүхэр (xüxer)

→ Southern Altai: кӱӱрт (küürt)

→ Tatar: күкерт (kükert)

→ Turkish: kükürt

→ Turkmen: kükürt

→ Uyghur: گۈڭگۈرت (günggürt) / گۇگۇت (gugut)

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡoː.ɡɪ́ɹd̪]

[ɡ̥uː.ɡʲéɹd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwklt'), 𐫃𐫇𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (gwgyrd /gōgird/, “sulphur”). Cognate with Sogdian 𐫄𐫇𐫐𐫤 (ɣwkt /γōkət/).

inh

گفت گوگرد پارسی خواهم بردن به چین که شنیدم قیمتی عظیم دارد[…]
guft: "gôgird-i pârsî xwâham burdan ba čîn ki šanîdam qaymatê azîm dârad […]

1259, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 3, story 21

[He] said: "I will bring Persian sulfur to China, as I have heard it is highly valued […] "


فنجان

head

فِنْجان • (fenjân) (plural فنجانها (fenjân-hâ))

فِنْجان (canonical)
fenjân (romanization)
فنجانها (plural)

From Arabic فِنْجان (finjān), from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān).

فِنْجانِ چایخوری ― fenjân-e čây-xori ― teacup


اکسیژن

اکسیژن • (oksižen)

fa-noun

اکسیژن • (oksižen)


رادون

head

رادون • (râdon)

fa-noun

رادون • (râdon)


نیتروژن

head

نیتروژن • (nitrožen)

fa-noun

نیتروژن • (nitrožen)


روی

Derived from روی (ruy, "face") (see etymology 2) + ezafe.


روی

the last letter of a distich, in which all the verses in the same poem terminate


روی

com

present stem form of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

رو (rav, “present stem form of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)”) + ی (i, “ezafe suffix”)


آدم برفی

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɔː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fí]

[ʔɒː.d̪ǽm bæɹ.fíː]

Fa-آدم برفی.ogg


تنگ

Via Chagatai from Chinese 桶 (MC thuwngX|duwngX, “tub, keg”)


قلع

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy).


الکترون

head

الکترون • (elektron or elekteron) (plural الکترونها (elektron-hâ))

elektron (romanization)
elekteron (romanization)
الکترونها (plural)

Borrowed from French électron, from English electron.


کوارک

کوارک • (kuârk) (plural کوارکها (kuârk-hâ))


فوتون

فوتون • (foton) (plural فوتونها (foton-hâ))


نوترون

نوترون • (nutron) (plural نوترونها (nutron-hâ))


نفت

naft (romanization)
نفتها (plural)
نفت (singular)
naft (singular)
نفتها (plural)
naft-hấ (plural)
نفتا (colloquial plural)
naftấ (plural)
نفت را (definite direct-object singular)
naft râ (definite direct-object singular)
نفت رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nafto (definite direct-object singular)
نفتها را (definite direct-object plural)
naft-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نفتا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
naftấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نفت (ezafe singular)
naft-e (ezafe singular)
نفتهای (ezafe plural)
naft-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتای (colloquial ezafe plural)
naftấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نفتی (definite relative singular)
نفتی (indefinite singular stressed)
naft-i (definite relative singular)
naft-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نفتهایی (definite plural relative)
نفتهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
naftấn-i, naft-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نفتایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
naftấi (definite plural relative)
naftấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نفتم (first-person possessive singular)
naftam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهایم (first-person possessive singular)
naft-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نفتهام، نفتام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
naftấm (first-person possessive singular)
نفتت (possessive second-person singular)
naftat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftet (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهایت (possessive second-person singular)
naft-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نفتهات، نفتات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
naftất (possessive second-person singular)
نفتش (possessive singular third-person)
naftaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nafteš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهایش (possessive singular third-person)
naft-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتهاش، نفتاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
naftấš (possessive singular third-person)
نفتمان (first-person plural possessive)
naftemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftemun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
naft-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نفتهامون، نفتامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
naftấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نفتتان (plural possessive second-person)
naftetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftetun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
naft-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نفتهاتون، نفتاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
naftấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نفتشان (plural possessive third-person)
naftešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftešun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
naft-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نفتهاشون، نفتاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
naftấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نفتم (first-person predicative singular)
naftam (first-person predicative singular)
نفتیم (first-person plural predicative)
naftim (first-person plural predicative)
نفتی (predicative second-person singular)
nafti (predicative second-person singular)
نفتید (plural predicative second-person)
naftid (plural predicative second-person)
نفتین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
naftin (plural predicative second-person)
نفت است (predicative singular third-person)
naft ast (predicative singular third-person)
نفته (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nafte (predicative singular third-person)
نفتند (plural predicative third-person)
naftand (plural predicative third-person)
نفتن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
naftan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: նավթ (navtʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: neft

→ Gujarati: નફત (naphat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نفت (neft), նէֆթ (neft) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: neft
→ Greek: νέφτι (néfti)
→ Russian: нефть (neftʹ)
→ Ingrian: nefti
→ Kildin Sami: неффьт (njeff’t)
→ Komi-Zyrian: нефть (ńefť)
→ Kyrgyz: нефть (neft)
→ Tatar: нефть (neft’)

→ Turkmen: nebit

→ Uyghur: نېفىت (nëfit)

→ Urdu: نفت

→ Uzbek: neft

→ Yiddish: נאַפֿט (naft)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npt' /naft/, “moist, damp; naphtha”), from Old Persian *naftah (“naphtha”).


جام

→ Arabic: جام (jām, “cup, bowl, plate”)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: جام (jām), جامة (jāma, “motorvehicle window”)

→ Iraqi Arabic: جام (jām)

→ Bengali: জাম (jam)

→ Gujarati: જામ (jām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जाम (jām)

Urdu: جام (jâm)

→ Pashto: جام (jâm)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جام (cam)
Turkish: cam
→ Albanian: xham
→ Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
→ Aromanian: agiame, giame
→ Bulgarian: джам (džam)
→ Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
→ Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
→ Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
→ Macedonian: џам (džam)
→ Romanian: geam
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џа̏м
Latin script: džȁm

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ǰām, “glass”). Related to Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬨𐬀 (yama, “glass”).


یخچال

head

یَخْچال • (yaxčâl) (plural یخچالها (yaxčâl-hâ))

یَخْچال (canonical)
yaxčâl (romanization)
یخچالها (plural)

[jäx.t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

[jæx.t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

[jäχ.t͡ʃʰɔl]

From یخ (yax, “ice”) + چال (čâl, “basement, dungeon, area”).


دانه

head

دانه • (dâne)

fa-noun

دانه • (dâne)

→ Gulf Arabic: دَانَة (dāna)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: dənə
→ Armenian: դա̈նա̈ (dänä)

→ Bashkir: дана (dana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दाना (dānā)

Urdu: دانہ (dāna)

→ Bengali: দানা (dana)

→ Kazakh: дана (dana)

→ Nepali: दाना (dānā)

→ Pashto: دانه (dâna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਣਾ (dāṇā)

→ Rajbanshi: दाना (dānā)

→ Tatar: данә (danä)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانه (tane)
Turkish: tane
→ Armenian: թանե (tʻane)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: та̏не
Latin script: tȁne

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭠𐭭𐭪 (dʾnk' /dānag/), from Proto-Iranian *daHnáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰaHnáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂. Cognate with Baluchi دانگ (dànag, “pimple”). Doublet of دانگ.


ابریق

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इब्रीक़ (ibrīq)

Urdu: ابریق (ibrīq)


جیوه

→ Azerbaijani: civə

→ Ottoman Turkish: جیوه (cive, cıva)

→ Turkish: cıva

From a hypothetical Middle Persian [script needed] (zywk' /*zīwag/, “mercury”), whence also Classical Syriac ܙܝܘܓ (zīwag). From Middle Persian [script needed] (zy(w)ndk' /zīndag, zīwandāg, zībandāg/, “living”), from [script needed] (zyw /*zīwa-,*zība-/, “live”), from Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /jīva/), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós. Compare semantically Latin argentum vivum, Serbo-Croatian živa and English quick and quicksilver. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian սնդիկ (sndik), Arabic زِئْبَق (ziʔbaq, “mercury”).


آفتابه

head

آفتابه • (âftâbe)

fa-noun

آفتابه • (âftâbe)

→ Azerbaijani: aftafa

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɑːf.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[ʔɔːf.t̪ʰɔː.bä]

From آب (âb) + تابه (tâbe). With تابه (tâbe) having the more general sense of “vessel” instead of the usual meaning of “pan”.


سرب

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (slwp /srub/, “lead”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sьrebro.


مومیا

mumiyâ (romanization)
mômiyâ (romanization)

Tajik: мӯмиё (mümiyo), мумиё (mumiyo)

→ Russian: мумиё (mumijó)

→ English: mumijo

desc

→ Arabic: مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ)

→ Arabic: مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ)

Andalusian Arabic:

→ Aragonese: momia

→ Asturian: momia

→ Galician: momia

→ Spanish: momia

Egyptian Arabic: موميا (mūmiyā)

→ Medieval Latin: mumia

Middle French: momie

Anglo-Norman: mumie

→ English: mummy

→ Irish: mumaí

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܡܝܐ (muwmyā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مومیا (momiyā)

→ Middle Armenian: մումիայ (mumiay), մոմիայ (momiay), մոմիեայ (momieay)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مومیا (mumya)

Turkish: mumya

→ Uyghur: مۇمىيا (mumiya)

→ Chinese: 木蜜亞／木蜜亚 (mùmìyà)

982, Hudūd-ul-Ālam:
و از دارابگرد فارس مومیایی خیزد که به همه جهان جایی دیگر نبود.
va az dârâbgird-i fârs mômiyâyê xêzad ki ba hama-yi jahân jâyê dîgar nabvad.
and in Darabgird of Fars a kind of shilajit is found which is not found anywhere else in the world.


خوی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”) from Proto-Iranian *hwáydah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s from the root *sweyd- (“sweat, to sweat”). Cognate with Baluchi ہید (hed) and English sweat. Doublet of خوید.


طبق

طبق افسانه

طبق قرآن


افیون

→ Assamese: আফিং (aphiṅ)

→ Bengali: আফিম (aphim)

→ Gujarati: અફીણ (aphīṇ)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

→ Hindi: अफ़ीम (afīm), अफ़यून (afyūn)
→ Odia: ଅଫିମ (aphima)

→ Pashto: اپيم (apim), اپين (apin)

desc

→ Urdu: اَفِیم (afīm), اَفْیُونْ (afyūn)

→ Kannada: ಅಫೀಮು (aphīmu)

→ Marathi: अफू (aphū)

→ Tamil: அபினி (apiṉi), அபின் (apiṉ)

→ Thai: ฝิ่น (fìn)

→ Uyghur: ئەپيۈن (epyün)

→ Uzbek: afyun

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós
Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós)
Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ion)
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn)bor.
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)der.
Persian افیون
The forms with /f/ and /b/ are from Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn) and أَبْيُون (ʔabyūn), that with /p/ is via Middle Persian directly from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion).


چایخانه

head

چایْخانِه • (čâyxâne) (plural چایخانهها (čâyxâne-hâ))

چایْخانِه (canonical)
čâyxâne (romanization)
چایخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: çayxana

→ Bashkir: сәйхана (səyxana)

→ Belarusian: чайхана (čajxana)

→ Gujarati: ચાખાનું (cākhānũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चायख़ाना (cāyxānā)

Urdu: چائے خانَہ (cāe xāna)

→ Georgian: ჩაიხანა (čaixana)

→ Kazakh: шайхана (şaixana)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: چایخانە (çayxane)

→ Kyrgyz: чайкана (caykana)

→ Russian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Tatar: чәйханә (çäyxanä)

→ Turkish: çayhane

→ Turkmen: çaýhana

→ Ukrainian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Uyghur: چايخانا (chayxana)

→ Uzbek: choyxona

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːj.xɒː.né]

[t͡ʃʰɔj.χɔ.nǽ]

From چای (čây, “tea”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).


قهوه‌خانه

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه • (qahve-xâne) (plural قهوهخانهها (qahve-xâne-hâ))

fa-noun

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه (canonical)
qahve-xâne (romanization)
قهوهخانهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કાવાખાનું (kāvākhānũ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوهخانه (kahvehane)
→ Romanian: cafenea
Turkish: kahvehane

→ Uyghur: قەھۋەخانا (qehwexana)

→ Uzbek: qahvaxona

From قَهْوِه (qahve, “coffee”) + خانِه (xâne, “house”).


بوره

→ Georgian: ბორა (bora)

→ Russian: бура́ (burá)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwlk' /*bōrag/), a term merely suffixed from the adjective [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl /bōr/) becoming modern بور (bur, “red, bay; blond”) by reason that borax, traded as tincal in its crude state and of but scarce natural deposits, before the modern production by means of induced chemical reaction, was obtained by dint of evaporation from certain lagoons in which it was dissolved with impurities.
For the formation of the Middle Iranian term compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (*bwlyk' /bōrīg/) behind بوری (buri, “blond”), and for its presence Old Armenian բորակ (borak), բարակ (barak), Georgian ბორაკი (boraḳi), Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܪܟܳܐ (burkā), ܒܘܿܪܩܵܐ (bōrqā), Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq).

lang

بوره یا بوراکس

بوره یا بوراکس


هیدرولوژی

head

هیدرولوژی • (hidrôloži)

fa-noun

هیدرولوژی • (hidrôloži)


پرنگ

desctree

Malay: piring
Indonesian: piring
→ Afrikaans: piering
→ Portuguese: pires
→ Bengali: পিরিচ (piric)
→ Ternate: piring

Akin to Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj, “copper”), an Iranian borrowing.


خوان

head

خوان • (xân)

fa-noun

خوان • (xân)

→ Middle Armenian: խօն (xōn)

Armenian: խոն (xon)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hw’n' /xwān/, “tray, table”). Compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (xᵛaⁱni, “cover, carpet”) and Old Armenian խան (xan), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

table or large tray particularly such one as is fit for dining


آبگینه

head

آبگینه • (âbgine) (plural آبگینهها (âbgine-hâ))

[ʔɑːβ.ɡiː.ˈna]

[ʔɒːb.ɡʲiː.né]

From Middle Persian ʾp̄ḵynk' (ābgēnag, “crystal, glass”), compound of ʾp̄ (āb, “water”) + -kyn' (-gēn) + -k' (-ag). Akin to Sogdian [script needed] (ʾʾpkyn-), [script needed] (ʾʾpkynʾk, “crystal”), Ossetian авг (avg) (Iron) / авгӕ (avgæ, “glass; bottle”) (Digor), and also Old Armenian ապակի (apaki), Coptic ⲁⲃⲁϫⲏⲓⲛⲓ (abačēini), and Hungarian üveg (“glass; bottle”); Iranian borrowings.

inh

آبگینهی زرد چون سازی نقاب
زرد بینی جمله نور آفتاب

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3958:

When you make yellow glass a veil,
you see all the sunlight yellow.

ābgina-i zard čōn sāzī niqāb
zard bīnī jumla nūr-i āftāb


توله

head

توله • (tôle)

fa-noun

توله • (tôle)

Borrowed from Hindustani تولا (tola) / तोला (tolā). The weight corresponds to the weight of an Indian silver rupee during the whole Mughal Empire.

تولا تولا#Persian

Alternative form of تولا (tôlâ, “weight measure for especially silver and gold of about 11.6 grams”)


سرچشمه

head

سرچشمه • (sarčešme) (plural سرچشمهها (sarčešme-hâ))

sarčešme (romanization)
سرچشمهها (plural)

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

[säɾ.t͡ʃʰäʃ.mä]

From سر (sar, “head”) + ـچشمه (-češme, “source, spring”). Compare Central Kurdish سەرچاوە (serçawe) and Northern Kurdish serekanî.


فرمیون

head

فرمیون • (fermiyon) (plural فرمیونها (fermiyon-hâ))

fermiyon (romanization)
فرمیونها (plural)


گلئون

گلئون • (glo'on) (plural گلئونها (glo'on-hâ))


چرک

چرک • (čerk)

fa-noun

چرک • (čerk)

→ Georgian: ჩირქი (čirki)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چرك (çirk)
Turkish: çirk

From Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“black, dirty”).


کوزه

→ Chagatai: کوزه (küze)

→ Kazakh: көзе (köze)

→ Hindi: कूज़ा (kūzā)

→ English: cooja

→ Malay: koja

Indonesian: koja

Akin to Old Armenian կուժ (kuž), Rutul кӏуж (ḳuž), Classical Syriac ܟܘܙܐ (kūzā), Arabic كُوز (kūz), Iranian borrowings. Related to کوژ (kuž) and گوژ (guž).


سزیم

باریوم باریوم

Next: باریوم


هیدروژن

head

هیدروژن • (hidrožen)

fa-noun

هیدروژن • (hidrožen)


انتقال‌دهنده عصبی

head

انتقالدهنده عصبی • (enteqâl-dahande-ye 'asabi)

انتقالدهنده عصبی (canonical)
enteqâl-dahande-ye 'asabi (romanization)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːl d̪ä.ɦän̪.d̪ä.jɪ ʔä.sä.biː]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːl d̪ɑːän̪.d̪ä.jɪ ʔä.sä.biː]

[ʔin̪.t̪ʰi.qɔːl̥ d̪ɔːän̪.d̪ä.ji ʔä.sä.bi]

[ʔen̪.t̪ʰe.ʁɒːl̥ d̪æ.ɦæn̪d̪e.je ʔæ.sæ.biː]

[ʔin̪.t̪ʰi.qɔl d̪ä.ɦän̪.d̪ä.ji ʔä.sä.bi]

fa:انتقال‌دهنده عصبی


پوزیترون

پوزیترون • (pozitron) (plural پوزیترونها (pozitron-hâ))

pozitron (romanization)
پوزیترونها (plural)


مرکب

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَكَّب (murakkab).

bor+

مرکب چاپ


بزاق

head

بزاق • (bozâq)

fa-noun

بزاق • (bozâq)


شاه‌دانه

head

شاهدانه • (šâh-dâne)

fa-noun

شاهدانه • (šâh-dâne)

شاهدانه (canonical)
šâh-dâne (romanization)

[ʃɑːɦ.d̪ɑː.nǽ]

[ʃɑːɦ.d̪ɑː.nǽ]

[ʃɑː.d̪ɑː.nǽ]

[ʃɔː.d̪ɔː.nǽ]

[ʃɒːɦ.d̪ɒː.né]

[ʃɔɦ.d̪ɔ.nǽ]

From Middle Persian šhdʾnk' (/šahdānag/). By surface analysis, شاه (šâh, “big”) + دانه (dâne, “seed”).

surf

Meronyms: بنگ (bang), حشیش (hašiš)


لپتون

head

لپتون • (lepton) (plural لپتونها (lepton-hâ))


بوزون

بوزون • (bozon) (plural بوزونها (bozon-hâ))

Borrowed from English boson, which is derived from Bengali বোস (bōs, “Bose”).


میون

میون • (myuan) (plural میونها (myuan-hâ))


نوترینو

نوترینو • (nutrino) (plural نوترینوها (nutrino-hâ))

nutrino (romanization)
نوترینوها (plural)


آب اکسیژنه

آب اکسیژنه • (âb oksižene)

fa-noun

آب اکسیژنه • (âb oksižene)

fa:آب اکسیژنه


هیدروژن پراکسید

head

هیدروژن پراکسید • (hidrožen perâksid)

fa-noun

هیدروژن پراکسید • (hidrožen perâksid)

fa:هیدروژن پراکسید


چای سبز

head

چای سبز • (čây-e sabz)

fa-noun

چای سبز • (čây-e sabz)


خین

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) blood


بلوک

Borrowed from Chagatai بولك (bölük), cognate to Ottoman Turkish بلوك (bölük, “part, fraction; squadron”).

cog

ولایت ولایت#Persian

cluster of villages or towns constituting a district under a province (ولایت) (pl. ـات)


نشادر

head

نشادر • (nošâdor, nešâdor, nošâder, nešâder)

nošâdor (romanization)
nešâdor (romanization)
nošâder (romanization)
nešâder (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: نُشَادِر (nušādir), نُوشَادِر (nūšādir), نُشَاذِر (nušāḏir), نُوشَاذِر (nūšāḏir), نُشَاطِر (nušāṭir)

→ Georgian: ნიშადური (nišaduri)

→ Bengali: নিশাদল (niśadol)

→ Hindi: नौसादर (nausādar)

→ Mandarin: 硇砂 (náoshā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نشادر (nişadır)

Turkish: nişadır

→ Armenian: նիշատիր (nišatir), նշատիր (nšatir), նշատր (nšatr)

→ Bulgarian: нишадър (nišadǎr)

→ Greek: νισαντήρι (nisantíri), νισαντίρι n (nisantíri)

→ Romanian: nișadir

→ Russian: нашаты́рь (našatýrʹ)

→ Uyghur: نۆشۈدۈر (nöshüdür)

From earlier form نوشادر (nôšâdor) from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 (*ʾnwšʾdwr /*anōšādur/, “immortal fire”), combinated from 𐭠𐭭𐭥𐭱 (anōš /ʾnwš/, “elixir, antidote”, literally “immortal”) (compare Old Armenian անոյշ (anoyš)) and 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭥𐭩 (ʾdwr' /ādur/, “fire”). Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (nwšʾʾtr /nōšātar/). Middle Armenian անուշադր (anušadr), Classical Syriac ܐܢܘܫܕܘܪ (ʾnwšdwr) are Iranian borrowings.

cog

(inorganic chemistry) ammonium chloride, sal ammoniac


قهوه ترک

میخوام قهوه ترک بخرم ولی نمیدونم قیمتش چقدره.

I want to buy (some) Turkish coffee but I don't know how much it costs.

Mi-xâm qahve-ye tork bexaram vali nemi-dunam qeymateš čeqadr-e.


تکوک

head

تکوک • (takôk) (plural تکوکها (takôk-hâ))

takôk (romanization)
تکوکها (plural)
تکوک (singular)
takôk (singular)
تکوکها (plural)
takôk-hấ (plural)
تکوکا (colloquial plural)
takôkấ (plural)
تکوک را (definite direct-object singular)
takôk râ (definite direct-object singular)
تکوک رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
takôko (definite direct-object singular)
تکوکها را (definite direct-object plural)
takôk-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
تکوکا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
takôkấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
تکوک (ezafe singular)
takôk-e (ezafe singular)
تکوکهای (ezafe plural)
takôk-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تکوکای (colloquial ezafe plural)
takôkấ-ye (ezafe plural)
تکوکی (definite relative singular)
تکوکی (indefinite singular stressed)
takôk-i (definite relative singular)
takôk-i (indefinite singular stressed)
تکوکهایی (definite plural relative)
تکوکهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
takôkấn-i, takôk-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
takôkấn-i, takôk-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
تکوکایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
تکوکایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
takôkấi (definite plural relative)
takôkấi (indefinite plural stressed)

[t̪ʰä.kʰʊːk]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tkwk' /takōk/, “drinking vessel”). Compare Old Armenian թակոյկ (tʻakoyk) and Old Georgian ტაკუკი (ṭaḳuḳi).


تیزاب

head

تیزاب • (têzâb)

fa-noun

تیزاب • (têzâb)

→ Azerbaijani: tizab (classical Azerbaijani)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तेज़ाब (tezāb)

Urdu: تیزاب (tezāb)

→ Pashto: تېزاب (tezāb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیزاب (tizap)
Turkish: tizap (historical)

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਤੇਜਾਬ (tejāb), ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬ (tezāb), ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ (tizāb)

Shahmukhi script: تیزاب (tezāb)

[t̪ʰeː.zɔ́ːb̥]

[t̪ʰiː.zɒ́ːb̥]


گاز طبیعی

/ˌɡɒːze tæbiːˈʔiː/

[ˌɡɒːze tʰæbiːˈi]

fa:گاز طبیعی


سی‌ان‌جی

سیانجی (canonical)
si-en-ji (romanization)


زغال

head

زغال • (zoğâl) (plural زغالها (zoğâl-hâ))

→ Arabic: زُوقَال (zūqāl)

→ Azerbaijani: zoğal

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܘܓܠ f (zoġal)

→ Khalaj: zuğâl

→ Northern Kurdish: zuẍal

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զղալ (zġal)

Armenian: զողալ (zoġal), զուղալ (zuġal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زغال (zuğal)

Turkish: zağal; zanğal, zaval; zavrak; zoğal; zonğal; zoval; zuğal; zuhal; zuval

→ Udi: зокъал (zoq̇al)

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *jar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ar-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Compare Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Irish gual (“coal”).


نبید

From Old Persian *𐎴𐎱𐎫 (*nipita) , from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtás (compare Sanskrit निपीत (nipīta, “drunk up, imbibed”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-.


کندو

head

کندو • (kandu) (plural کندوها (kandu-hâ))

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kndwg /kandūg/), whence Arabic كَنْدُوج (kandūj, “a large vessel wherein grain can be stored”), where other cognates are mentioned.


مزنه

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (m(y)znydy /miznē/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwznydyy /muznē/, “cloud, mist”), from Proto-Iranian *miznya-, *mizniya-, derivative to the term continued as Persian مه (meh, “fog”). Akin to Arabic مُزْنَة (muzna), an Iranian borrowing.


سندان

head

سندان • (sendân)

fa-noun

سندان • (sendân)

→ Armenian: զնդան (zndan)

Akin to Classical Syriac ܣܕܢܐ (seddānā), Arabic سَنْدَان (sandān, “anvil”) and perhaps Old Armenian սանդ (sand, “pounding-mortar”), Iranian borrowings.


بوزه

→ Indonesian: bozah

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بوزا (boza), بوزه (boza)
Turkish: boza
→ Albanian: bozë
→ Arabic: بُوظَة (būẓa), بُوظَا (būẓā, bōẓā), بُوزَة (būza, bōza)
→ Armenian: պօզա (pōza)
→ Bulgarian: боза́ (bozá)
→ Greek: μποζάς (bozás)
→ Macedonian: боза (boza)
→ Romanian: boza
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо́за
Latin script: bóza

Related to بوزک (bowzak, “yeast; mould”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, inflate, swell”).


آلومینیوم

âluminiyom (romanization)
âlominiyom (romanization)

fa:آلومینیوم


آزبست

head

آزبست • (âzbest)

fa-noun

آزبست • (âzbest)


کلر

گاز کلر


سفال

head

سفال • (sofâl)

fa-noun

سفال • (sofâl)

→ Urdu: سفال (sifāl)

Unknown Middle Iranian origins. Cognate with Gilaki سوفال (sufāl).


بگماز

head

بگماز • (bagmâz)

fa-noun

بگماز • (bagmâz)

→ Karakhanid: [script needed] (bekmes) (Divan-ı Lugatı't-Türk)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bəkməz

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پكمز (bekmez), پكماز (pekmaz), بكمز (bekmez), بكماز (bekmaz), پتمز (petmez), پتماز (petmaz)
Turkish: pekmez, dialectally petmez
→ Abkhaz: абақьмаз (abakʲmaz)
→ Albanian: pekmez, pekmes
→ Armenian: բաքմազ (bakʻmaz), փեքմեզ (pʻekʻmez)
→ Aromanian: picmezã, picmeze, pitmeze, pihmez
→ Bulgarian: пекме́з (pekméz)
→ Greek: πετιμέζι (petimézi), πετμέζι (petmézi)
→ Macedonian: пекмез (pekmez)
→ Romanian: pecmez, pegmez, pecmes, pecmed, pedzmieg, pecsămet, pemnez, părămet, pigmez, petmez, pezmiet, picmiez, pigmiez, pimnăz, plimez, pesmet, pezmet
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пѐкмез
Latin script: pèkmez


شربت

head

شربت • (šarbat) (plural شربتها (šarbat-hâ))

→ Georgian: შარბათი (šarbati)

Borrowed from Arabic شَرْبَة (šarba, “drink”).

bor+

هر که او تیر فراقت بدل پر غم خورد
نه دگر شربت هجران نه غم مرهم خورد

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 146:

Whoever suffers the arrow of separation in his sorrowful heart
Shall no longer drink the sherbet of departure, nor suffer the sorrow of the remedy [to the disease of love].

har ki ō tīr-i firāqat ba-dil-i pur ğam xwarad
na digar šarbat-i hijrān na ğam-i marham xwarad


پارچ

→ Avar: парччи (parčči) (possibly via Armenian)

→ Georgian: ფარჩი (parči) (possibly via Armenian)

→ Lak: парш (parš)

→ Laz: ფარჩი (parçi) (possibly via Armenian)

→ Middle Armenian: փարչ (pʻarčʻ)

→ Armenian: փարչ (pʻarčʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: parç

→ Turkish: parç, parçı

→ Udi: փարճ (pʻarč)

پارچ آب


نورد

Prefixed form of Middle Persian [script needed] (wlt- /ward-/, “to turn”), whence گرد (gard, “round; circular”). See there for more. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nwrt- /nəwart-/, “to turn thither”).


اورانیوم

head

اورانیوم • (orâniyom)

fa-noun

اورانیوم • (orâniyom)

اورانیوم غنیشده

غنیسازی اورانیوم


سیلاب

head

سیلاب • (seylâb)

desc

→ Armenian: սելավ (selav), սելափ (selapʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: selab, selaf

→ Bengali: সয়লাব (śoẏlab)

→ Hindi: सैलाब (sailāb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیلاب (seylab)

سیلاب رودخانه


کوزابری

head

کوزابری • (kuzâbri)

fa-noun

کوزابری • (kuzâbri)

From Middle Persian *kūzābrēg, from *kūz (“ewer”) + *ābrēg (“pouring vessel”).


ارزیز

From Middle Persian ʾlcyc (arzīz, “tin, lead”) (Manichaean Middle Persian ʾrzyz). Akin to Middle Armenian արճիճ (arčič, “lead”), an Iranian borrowing. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Iranian *arjata- (“silver”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-.


آب معدنی

[ʔɑː.bɪ mäʔ.d̪ä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ mäʔ.d̪ä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪ mɑː.d̪ä.níː]


ال‌ان‌جی

الانجی (canonical)
el-en-ji (romanization)


شیر سویا

head

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)

fa-noun

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)


شیر گاو

head

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)

fa-noun

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)


سرمه

→ Azerbaijani: sürmə

→ Bengali: সুরমা (śuroma)

→ Crimean Tatar: sürme

→ Gujarati: સુરમો (surmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुरमा (surmā)

Urdu: سرمہ

→ Ottoman Turkish: سرمه

Turkish: sürme

→ Tatar: сөрмә (sörmä)

→ Russian: сурьма́ (surʹmá)

→ Uzbek: surma

Borrowed from Turkish sürmek (“to draw along, rub, smear”) or inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”).


استروژن

head

استروژن • (estrožen)

fa-noun

استروژن • (estrožen)


کلسیم

کمبود کلسیم


ویتامین ث

fa:ویتامین ث


ویتامین دی

fa:ویتامین دی


نوشابه انرژی‌زا

head

نوشابههای انرژیزا

نوشابه انرژیزا • (nušâbe-ye enerži-zâ) (plural نوشابههای انرژیزا (nušâbe-hâ-ye enerži-zâ))

fa-noun

نوشابههای انرژیزا

نوشابه انرژیزا (canonical)
nušâbe-ye enerži-zâ (romanization)
نوشابههای انرژیزا (plural)

fa:نوشابه انرژی‌زا


تستوسترون

fa:تستوسترون


هات چاکلت

head

هات چاکلت • (hât čâklet)

fa-noun

هات چاکلت • (hât čâklet)


شکلات داغ

head

شکلات داغ • (šokolât-e dâğ)

fa-noun

شکلات داغ • (šokolât-e dâğ)

/ʃokʰolɒːˈtʰe dɒːɣ/


نهره

→ Azerbaijani: nehrə

Ultimately of Semitic origin; if not from Arabic نَهْر (nahr, “river”) by a multistep semantic change as in river → liquid → milk → churn, from Aramaic נַהְרָא / ܢܰܗܪܴܐ (nahrā, “river”) in the sense of canal pertinent to urbanized Mesopotamia used figuratively for the passageway of milk.

bor

Aramaic נַהְרָא


بگنی

Cognate with Ossetian бӕгӕны (bægæny, “beer”).


تربد

Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रिपुटा (tripuṭā), त्रिपुट (tripuṭa), literally “triplicated”, names of several plants.


پنگان

head

پنگان • (pengân)

fa-noun

پنگان • (pengân)

→ Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bikol Central: pinggán

→ Cebuano: pinggan

→ Khumi Chin: pangkae

→ Maguindanao: pinggán / ڤنغن

→ Malagasy: zíngga, zìnga

→ Malay: pinggan / ڤيڠݢن

Indonesian: pinggan

→ Maranao: pinggan

→ Mapun: pinggán

→ Tagalog: pinggán

desc

→ Tamil: பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ)

→ Tamil: பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ)

→ Tausug: pinggan

→ Toba Batak: pinggan

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنگان (pingân)

→ Waray-Waray: pinggán

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰɪŋ.ɡɑ́ːn]

[pʰiŋ.ɡɔ́ːn]

[pʰeŋ.ɡɒ́ːn]

Presumed to be borrowed, alongside Ossetian фынг (fyng), фингӕ (fingæ, “table”), from Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax), πίνακος (pínakos, “wooden plank, dish, writing table”), possibly via Classical Syriac ܦܝܢܟܐ (pinkā). Perhaps cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”). Whereas according to Vinson this is all from a compound of Middle Chinese, Mandarin 瓫 (pén, “flat dish”)) and 盎 (àng, “wide-bellied bowl”) (perhaps instead 銀／银 (yín, “silver”), 案 (àn, “desk, table”)?), however not attested, so alternatively he suggests 平安 (píng'ān, “tranquil, safe”) printed onto Chinese household appliances like vases.


جلاب

head

جلاب • (jolâb)

fa-noun

جلاب • (jolâb)

[d͡ʒu.ˈlɑːβ]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardah
Old Persian *vr̥dah
Middle Persian gwl
Classical Persian گُل (gul)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Classical Persian آب (āb)
Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb)bor.
Arabic جُلَاب (julāb)bor.
Persian جلابBorrowed from Arabic جُلَاب (julāb), borrowed from Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb), from گُل (gul) + آب (āb).

etymon

نکتهها میگفت او آمیخته
در جلاب قند زهری ریخته

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 447:

He was saying fine things mixed [with foul]: he had poured some poison into the sugared julep.

nukta-hā mē-guft ō āmēxta
dar julāb-i qand zahrē rēxta


سکوره

head

سکوره • (classical sukôra, iranian sokure)

classical sukôra (romanization)
iranian sokure (romanization)

→ Cappadocian Greek: σκουρά (skourá)

→ Georgian: უსკურა (usḳura)

→ Gujarati: શકોરું (śakorũ)

→ Hindi: सकोरा (sakorā)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: êskere, uskere, sekre

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ուսկուռայ (uskuṙay), ուսկուրայ (uskuray), սկուռայ (skuṙay)

Armenian: ուսկուրա (uskura), ուսկուր (uskur) (dialectal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوسكوره (üsküre)

Turkish: üsküre

Compare the Iranian loanwords: Classical Syriac ܣܩܪܩܐ (sqrqˀ), ܣܝܩܘܪܩܐ (syqwrqˀ /sīqūrqā/), Arabic سُكُرُّجَة (sukurruja), Proto-Slavic *skovorda and Old Armenian սկաւառակ (skawaṙak), the latter probably from earlier *սկաւար(ի)րակ (*skawar(i)rak), from Iranian *skavarid-ak containing the well-known suffix -ակ (-ak).
Probably borrowed from Ancient Greek σκευάριον (skeuárion, “small vessel”), from σκεῦος (skeûos). The Slavic and probably the Armenian reveal a form with a -d-, for which compare Ancient Greek σκευαρίδιον (skeuarídion, “small vessel”).


مردار سنگ

desctree

مَرْدَاسَنْج

→ Arabic: مَرْدَاسَنْج (mardāsanj), مَرْتَك (martak)
→ Spanish: almortaga
→ Persian: مرداسنج

→ Aramaic:

desc

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַרְתְּבָא (marteḵā)

Classical Syriac: ܡܲܪܕܟܵܐ (mardəḵā), ܡܲܪܬܟܵܐ (martəḵā), ܡܘܼܪܕܟܵܐ (murdəḵā)

→ Chinese: 密陀僧 (mìtuósēng) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुरदासंख (murdāsaṅkh)

Urdu: مرداسنگ (murdā-sang), مردارسنگ (murdār-sang, “litharge”)

→ Sanskrit: मोदारशृङ्ग (modāraśṛṅga)

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[mʊɾ.d̪ɑːɾ.sǽŋɡ]

[muɾ.d̪ɔːɾ.sǽŋɡ̥]

[moɹ.d̪ɒːɹ.sǽɲɡʲ̥]

"Dead stone," from سنگ (“stone”) + مردار (“corpse, dead thing”).


قوری

→ Gulf Arabic: غوري (ḡūri)

→ Malay: guri / ݢوري (“small waterpot with a spout”)

Indonesian: guri

Altered, since this is spoken in Modern Iranian Persian identically, from غوری (ğôri, “a sort of porcelain”), from Japanese 屈輪, 倶利 (guri, “a kind of curved lacquer design used in 堆朱 (tsuishu, “red lacquer carving”) and 堆黒 (tsuikoku, “black lacquer carving”)”).


سیماب

head

سیماب • (simâb)

fa-noun

سیماب • (simâb)

→ Kazakh: сынап (synap)

→ Kyrgyz: сымап (sımap)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیماب (sîmâb)

→ Turkmen: simap

→ Uyghur: سىماب (simab)

→ Uzbek: simob

→ Kashmiri: sīmāb

From سیم (sim, “silver”) + آب (âb, “water”). Semantically, compare e.g. Ancient Greek ὑδράργυρος (hudrárguros), Chinese 水銀／水银 (shuǐyín).

zh-l

水銀／水银 (shuǐyín)

زمین از جلوه سرشار مهتاب تموج داشت همچون آب سیماب

1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

With the inebriated epiphany of moonlight, the earth made a wave-like movement, resembling quicksilver.

zamin az jelve-ye saršâr-e mahtâb tamavvoj dâšt hamčon âb-e simâb


برنز

بُرُنز (canonical)
برُنز (canonical)
boronz (romanization)
bronz (romanization)

Borrowed from French bronze, itself from Italian bronzo. See there for further information, but perhaps ultimately a twice-borrowed term from Persian برنج (berenj, “brass”) or Persian پرنگ (pereng, “copper”). Nowadays more common than older مفرغ (mefrağ), from Arabic.


نوشیدنی

head

نوشیدنی • (nušidani)

fa-noun

نوشیدنی • (nušidani)

From نوشیدن (nušidan, “to drink”) + ـی (-i).


آغوز

head

آغوز • (âğuz)

fa-noun

آغوز • (âğuz)

Borrowed from Turkic, Ottoman Turkish آغز (ağız), ultimately Proto-Turkic *aguŕ.


نعلبکی

desc

→ Armenian: նալբաք (nalbakʻ), նալբաքի (nalbakʻi)

→ Avar: на́лбек (nálbek)

→ Azerbaijani: nəlbəki, ləmbəki

→ Georgian: ლამბაქი (lambaki), ნალბაქი (nalbaki)

→ Udi: лаьмбаькуь (lämbäkü), лаьмбаьку (lämbäku)

According to Périkhanian, derived by metathesis from Middle Iranian *rambakīk, a diminutive formation from *rambak attested as Aramaic 𐡓𐡌𐡁𐡊 (rmbk /*rambak/, “possibly bowl”) in an inscription on a bowl discovered in Armenia. The spelling نعلبکی (na'lbaki) is then secondary to نلبکی (nalbaki), influenced by نعل (na'l).


پیمانه

head

پیمانه • (peymâne)

fa-noun

پیمانه • (peymâne)

Tajik: паймона (paymona) — historical

→ Uzbek: паймона (paymona)

→ Azerbaijani: peymanə

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیمانه (peymane)

a historical measure of capacity, of various sizes but gauged by Ghazan to weigh 8.3 kg


آب‌انبار

head

آبانبار • (âb-anbâr) (plural آبانبارها (âb-anbâr-hâ))

آبانبار (canonical)
âb-anbâr (romanization)
آبانبارها (plural)

→ Khalaj: âbəmbâr

[ʔɑː.βan.ˈbɑːɾ]

[ʔɑː.bäm.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.bäm.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.bäm.bɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɔː.bäm.bɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔɒː.bæm.bɒ́ːɹ]

From آب (âb, “water”) + انبار (anbâr, “store, reservoir”).

af

An underground chamber to reserve rain water, cistern


صفرا

head

صفرا • (safrâ)

fa-noun

صفرا • (safrâ)

Borrowed from Arabic صَفْرَاء (ṣafrāʔ), feminine singular of أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar).

از قضا سرکنگبین صفرا فزود
روغن بادام خشکی مینمود
از هلیله قبض شد اطلاق رفت
آب آتش را مدد شد همچو نفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 52—53:

By Divine destiny, oxymel increased the bile,
and oil of almonds was producing dryness.
From [giving] myrobalan constipation resulted, relaxation ceased;
And water fed the flames, like naphtha.

az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
rōğan-i bādām xuškī mē-nimūd
az halīla qabz šud itlāq raft
āb ātaš rā madad šud hamčō naft


سوفار

head

سوفار • (sōfār)

fa-noun

سوفار • (sōfār)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوفار (sufar)
Turkish: sufar

nock, the notch at the rearmost end of an arrow that fits on the bowstring


گش

Cognate to Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”), विषा (viṣā, “Aconitum ferox”), whence بیش (biš, “aconite”).


افشره

head

افشره • (afšore)

fa-noun

افشره • (afšore)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: افشره (äfşürä)

Ottoman Turkish: افشره (efşüre)

From a Middle Persian term also borrowed in Old Armenian օշարակ (ōšarak) and Arabic أَفْشُرَج (ʔafšuraj) composed *Habí- + the stem of the present verb فشردن (fešordan, “to press”) diminutive *-akah.


گوارش

head

گوارش • (govâreš)

fa-noun

گوارش • (govâreš)

[ɡʊ.wɑː.ɾɪʃ]

[ɡʊ.wɑː.ɾɪʃ]

[ɡʊ.wɑː.ɾɪʃ]

Already Middle Persian, whence Arabic جَوَارِش (jawāriš), equivalent to گواشتن (govâštan) + ـش (-eš).

(Classical Persian) stomachic; electuary