مؤذن

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


مترجم

head

مُتَرجِم • (motarjem) (plural مُتَرجِمان (motarjemân) or مُتَرجِمین (motarjemin) or مُتَرجِمها (motarjem-hâ))

مُتَرجِم (canonical)
motarjem (romanization)
مُتَرجِمان (plural)
مُتَرجِمین (plural)
مُتَرجِمها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

[mʊ.t̪ʰäɾ.d͡ʒɪ́m]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرْجِم (mutarjim).


نجار

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: نجار (najjār)

[nad͡ʒ.ˈd͡ʒɑːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɑ́ːɾ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ːɾ]

[næd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɒ́ːɹ]

[näd͡ʒ.d͡ʒɔ́ɾ]


سلطان

head

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))

سُلْطان (canonical)
soltân (romanization)
سلاطین (plural)
سلطانها (plural)

→ Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)

→ Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)

→ Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुल्तान (sultān)

Urdu: سلطان (sultān)

→ Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)

→ Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)

desctree

→ Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
Gujarati: સરતાણ (sartāṇ), સુલતાન (sultān)
Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)

desc

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Tatar: солтан (soltan)

→ Turkmen: soltan

→ Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)

→ Uzbek: sulton

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?

juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast


ترگمان

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡʊ.mɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰäɾ.ɡu.mɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰæɹ.ɡo.mɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian tlgmʾn' (targumān, “interpreter”) (Manichaean Middle Persian trkwmʾn (tarkumān)), from Old Persian [Term?], from Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (/targumannu, turgumannu/, “interpreter”); for more see ت ر ج م (t r j m).


مهندس

head

مهندس • (mohandes) (plural مهندسان (mohandesân) or مهندسین (mohandesin) or مهندسها (mohandes-hâ))

mohandes (romanization)
مهندسان (plural)
مهندسین (plural)
مهندسها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُهَنْدِس (muhandis) (see there for further information), ultimately from Middle Persian handʾc- (handāz-), hndʾhtn' (handāxtan, “to plan, allot, reckon, judge”), or hndʾck' (handāzag, “measure, manner”)

bor+

Rumi, Fihi Ma Fihi


عالم

fa-adj

عالِم • ('âlem)

→ Gujarati: આલિમ (ālim)

Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).


حسابدار

head

حسابدار • (hesâbdâr)

fa-noun

حسابدار • (hesâbdâr)

[ʔɪ.sɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

A compound of حساب (hesâb) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


نوکر

head

نُوْکَر • (nokar) (plural نوکرها (nokar-hâ))

نُوْکَر (canonical)
nokar (romanization)
نوکرها (plural)

→ Bengali: নওকর (noōkor)

→ Gujarati: નોકર (nokar)

→ Hindi: नौकर (naukar)

Via some Turkic source, compare Azerbaijani nökər (“servant”). Ultimately of Mongolic origin, compare Modern Mongolian нөхөр (nöxör, “friend”), from Proto-Mongolic *nökör (“friend”).
The meaning of “servant” is owing to a semantic shift that happened in Turkic words borrowed from Mongolic; the Persian word was loaned from one of such Turkic words with the altered meaning.


شاه

desctree

→ Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque, xaque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
Italian: scacco
Old French: eschec
French: échec
→ Catalan: xec
→ Middle Dutch: scaec
Dutch: schaak
→ Danish: skak
→ Middle English: chek, chekke
English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess
→ Middle High German: schāch
German: Schach
→ Russian: шах (šax)
→ Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Luxembourgish: Schach
→ Romanian: șah
→ Swedish: schack
→ Finnish: shakki, šakki
→ Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
→ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
Middle French: eschiquier
French: échiquier
Norman: êchitchi
→ Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)

→ Azerbaijani: şah

→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)

→ Belarusian: шах (šax)

→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)

→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)

→ Catalan: xa

→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)

→ Danish: shah

→ Dutch: sjah

→ English: shah

→ Estonian: šahh

→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki

→ French: schah, chah, shah

→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)

→ German: schah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ (śāh)

→ Hungarian: sakk

→ Irish: seá

→ Italian: scià

→ Japanese: シャー (shā)

→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)

→ Khalaj: şâh

→ Korean: 샤 (sya)

→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)

→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)

→ Latvian: šahs

→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)

→ Lithuanian: šachas

→ Macedonian: шах (šah)

→ Malay: syah

→ Mongolian: шах (šax)

→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)

Armenian: շահ (šah)

→ Norwegian: sjah

→ Old Norse: skák
Faroese: skák
Icelandic: skák
Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk

desc

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)

Turkish: şah

→ Albanian: shah

→ Hungarian: sah

→ Romanian: șah

→ Pashto: شاه (šāh)

→ Polish: szach

→ Portuguese: xá

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)

Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)

→ Romansch: schah

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah

→ Spanish: sah

→ Swedish: shah

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)

→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)

→ Turkish: şah

→ Turkmen: şah

→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)

→ Uyghur: شاھ (shah)

→ Uzbek: shoh

→ Vietnamese: sa

→ Zazaki: şağ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).


تومان

head

تومان • (tumân)

fa-noun

تومان • (tumân)

→ English: toman

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”) which Borrowed From Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰢𐰤 (tümen).

bor+

(historical) toman, a former unit of currency of Iran


نانوا

head

نانوا • (nânvâ) (plural نانواها (nânvâ-hâ) or نانوایان (nânvâyân))

nânvâ (romanization)
نانواها (plural)
نانوایان (plural)

From earlier نانبا (nânbâ), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭠𐭭𐭯𐭠𐭪 (nānbāg, “baker”).

بهر نان شخصی سوی نانوا دوید / داد جان چون حسن نانوا را بدید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2785:

A person ran to the baker for bread: on seeing the beauty of the baker, he gave up the ghost.

bahr-i-nân šaxs-i suy-i nânwâ dawîd / dâd jân čôn husn-i-nânwâ râ ba-dîd


شاعر

شاعر • (šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šâ'erân) or شاعرها (šâ'er-hâ) or شعرا (šo'arâ))

šâ'er (romanization)
شاعران (plural)
شاعرها (plural)
شعرا (plural)

→ Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)

→ Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

→ Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

→ Nepali: सायर (sāyar)

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

→ Rohingya: cáaer

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: شاعِرُ

Devanagari script: शाइरु

Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)


دکتر

دُکْتُر • (doktor) (plural دکترها (doktor-hâ) or دکتران (doktorân))

دُکْتُر (canonical)
doktor (romanization)
دکترها (plural)
دکتران (plural)


سرباز

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

fa-proper noun

سَرْباز • (sarbâz)

سَرْباز (canonical)
sarbâz (romanization)

From سر (sar, “head”) + باز (-bâz, “to loose, to let go”).

compound

Sistan and Baluchestan
w:Sistan and Baluchestan

Sarbaz (a city and county of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran)


منشی

head

منشی • (monši) (plural منشیان (monšiân))

monši (romanization)
منشیان (plural)
منشی (singular)
منشیان، منشیا (monšiấn, monšiấ^△) (colloquial plural)
منشی را، منشی رو (monší râ, monší ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
منشی (ezafe singular)
منشیان، منشیای (monšiấn-e, monšiấ-ye^△) (colloquial ezafe plural)
منشی (definite relative singular)
منشی (indefinite singular stressed)

→ English: munshi

→ Azerbaijani: münşi

خانم مینا شوهرش را در رابطه عاشقانه با منشی اتریشی اش گرفت.

Ms. Mina caught her husband in an affair with her Austrian secretary.


چوپان

چوپان • (čupân)

fa-noun

چوپان • (čupân)

→ Azerbaijani: çoban

→ Crimean Tatar: çoban

desc

→ Gujarati: ચૂબાન (cūbān), ચૂપાન (cūpān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चूपान (cūpān)

Urdu: چوپان (cūpān)

→ Kazakh: шопан (şopan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چوبان (çoban), شبان (şoban, şuban, şüben), شوبان (şoban, şuban, şüben)
Turkish: çoban
→ Albanian: çoban
→ Armenian: չոբան (čʻoban)
→ Bulgarian: чоба́нин (čobánin)
→ Greek: τσοπάνης (tsopánis)
→ Romanian: cioban
→ Russian: чаба́н (čabán) (usually from other Turkic languages)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чо̀бан
Latin script: čòban

→ Turkmen: çopan

→ Uzbek: choʻpon

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰoː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰʊː.pʰɔ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰɒ́ːn]

[t͡ʃʰuː.pʰúːn]

[t͡ʃʰɵ.pʰɔ́n]

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫇𐫁𐫀𐫗 (šwbʾn /šubān/), from Old Persian *fšupāna-, composed of [script needed] (fšu-, “sheep”) (compare Old Armenian շպետ (špet), Sanskrit पशुपन् (paśupan)) and [script needed] (pāna-, “protector”). Cognate with Pashto شپون (špūn), Baluchi شپانک (šipánk), Northern Kurdish şivan, Zazaki şıwane, Bactrian χοβανο (khobano).


خواننده

head

خوانَنْدِه • (xânande) (plural خوانندگان (xânandegân))

خوانَنْدِه (canonical)
xânande (romanization)
خوانندگان (plural)


دانشجو

دانِشْجو • (dânešju) (plural دانِشجویان (dânešjuyân) or دانِشجوها (dânešju-hâ))

دانِشْجو (canonical)
dânešju (romanization)
دانِشجویان (plural)
دانِشجوها (plural)

→ Urdu: دانش جو (dāniś-jū)

[d̪ɒː.neʃ.d͡ʒúː]

Higher education student, a university student


معلم

معلم • (mu'allim /mo'allem) (plural معلمان or معلمها or معلمون)

mu'allim (romanization)
mo'allem (romanization)
معلمان (plural)
معلمها (plural)
معلمون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim).


کشاورز

head

کشاورز • (kešâvarz) (plural کشاورزان (kešâvarzân) or کشاورزها (kešâvarz-hâ))

kešâvarz (romanization)
کشاورزان (plural)
کشاورزها (plural)

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]

[kʰɪ.ʃɑː.wäɹz]


پرستار

پرستار • (parastâr) (plural پرستاران (parastârân) or پرستارها (parastâr-hâ))

parastâr (romanization)
پرستاران (plural)
پرستارها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pərəstar

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: پرستار (parastār)

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæ.ɹæs.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[pʰä.ɾäs.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫 (plstʾl /paristār/, “maidservant, slave”), equivalent to پرستـ (parast-, present stem of پرستیدن (parastidan, “to worship”)) + ـار (-âr).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پرستیدن</i> (parastidan, “to worship”)

که دانا پرستار نادان شود[…]

when the wise will become slaves to the ignorant […]


نویسنده

head

نویسنده • (nevisande) (plural نویسندگان (nevisandegân))

nevisande (romanization)
نویسندگان (plural)

→ Urdu: نویسندہ (navīsinda)


هنرمند

From هْنَر (honar, “art”) + ـمَند (-mand, “with”).


مکانیک

head

مکانیک • (mekânik)

fa-noun

مکانیک • (mekânik)

(countable) mechanic (a skilled worker in charge of maintenance or repairing machinery)


وکیل

head

وکیل • (vakil) (plural وکلا (vokalâ) or وکیلها (vakil-hâ) or وکیلان (vakilân))

vakil (romanization)
وکلا (plural)
وکیلها (plural)
وکیلان (plural)

→ Assamese: উকিল (ukil)

→ Bengali: উকিল (ukil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वकील (vakīl)

Urdu: وکیل (vakīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕੀਲ (vakīl)

Shahmukhi script: وکیل (vakil)

→ Sindhi: وڪيل (vakīlu)

→ Tamil: வக்கீல் (vakkīl)

→ Malayalam: വക്കീൽ (vakkīl)


سیاستمدار

سیاستمدار • (siyâsatmadâr) (plural سیاستمداران (siyâsatmadârân))

siyâsatmadâr (romanization)
سیاستمداران (plural)

fa:سیاستمدار


آشپز

آشپز • (âšpaz)

fa-noun

آشپز • (âšpaz)

desc

→ Armenian: աշփազ (ašpʻaz), աշպազ (ašpaz), ասպաժ (aspaž), աշբազ (ašbaz)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpaz

→ Baluchi: آشپز (ášpaz)

→ Khalaj: âşpəz

→ Kumyk: ашбаз (aşbaz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آشپز (aşpez)

→ Uyghur: ئاشپەز (ashpez)

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
From آش (âš) + پز (paz), literally “soup-cook”.


رئیس

head

رَئیس • (ra'is) (plural رؤسا (ro'asâ) or رؤساء (ro'asâ'))

رَئیس (canonical)
ra'is (romanization)
رؤسا (plural)
رؤساء (plural)

→ Urdu: رَئِیس (raīs)

From Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs), from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be at the head”).


جاسوس

جاسوس • (jâsus) (plural جواسیس (javâsis) or جاسوسان (jâsusân))

jâsus (romanization)
جواسیس (plural)
جاسوسان (plural)

→ Gujarati: જાસૂસ (jāsūs)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जासूस (jāsūs)

Urdu: جاسُوس (jāsūs)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਸੂਸ (jāsūs)

Shahmukhi script: جاسوس (jāsūs)

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.súːs]

[d͡ʒɒː.súːs]

نیست از رازِ نهانِ من خبر جاسوس را
نبضِ من بندِ زبان گردید جالینوس را

c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 74”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The spy has no news of my hidden secret;
My pulse has closed its mouth to Galen.

nēst az rāz-i nahān-i man xabar jasūs rā
nabz-i man band-i zabān gardīd jālīnūs rā


جانورشناس

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)

fa-noun

جانورشناس • (jânvar-šenâs)


طبیب

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तबीब (tabīb)

Urdu: طَبِیب (tabīb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: طبیب (tabīb)

Turkish: tabip


هنرپیشه

head

هنرپیشه • (honarpiše) (plural هنرپیشگان (honarpišegân) or هنرپیشهها (honarpiše-hâ))

honarpiše (romanization)
هنرپیشگان (plural)
هنرپیشهها (plural)

[ʔʊ.näɾ.pʰeː.ʃä]


زیست‌شناس

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

fa-noun

زیستشناس • (zist-šenâs)

زیستشناس (canonical)
zist-šenâs (romanization)


معمار

head

معمار • (me'mâr)

fa-noun

معمار • (me'mâr)

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]


وزیر

head

وَزیر • (vazir) (plural وزرا (vozarâ) or وزیران (vazirân))

وَزیر (canonical)
vazir (romanization)
وزرا (plural)
وزیران (plural)

Dari: وزیر (wazīr)

Iranian Persian: وزیر (vazir)

Tajik: вазир (vazir)

desc

vəzir//вәзир

→ Azerbaijani: vəzir /вәзир

→ Bengali: উজির (uzir)

→ Chagatai: وزیر

→ Uyghur: ۋەزىر (wezir), вәзир (wezir)

→ Uzbek: vazir /вазир

→ Gujarati: વજીર (vajīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वज़ीर (vazīr), विज़ीर (vizīr)

Urdu: وَزیر (vazīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: وزیر (vezir) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: وزیر


جامعه‌شناس

head

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

fa-noun

جامعهشناس • (jâme'e-šenâs)

جامعهشناس (canonical)
jâme'e-šenâs (romanization)

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞.ʔä.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]


آهنگر

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[ʔɔ.ɦäŋ.ɡǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (’synkl /āhangar/). By surface analysis, آهن (âhan, “iron”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).


کیهان‌شناس

head

کیهانشناس • (keyhân-šenâs)

fa-noun

کیهانشناس • (keyhân-šenâs)

کیهانشناس (canonical)
keyhân-šenâs (romanization)


عصب‌شناس

عصبشناس (canonical)
'asab shenâs (romanization)


ملک

→ Assamese: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Bengali: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Gujarati: મુલક (mulak)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: मुलक (mulaka)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुल्क (mulk)
Urdu: مُلْک (mulk)

→ Maithili

Devanagari script: मुलुक (muluk)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒪𑒳𑒏 (muluk)

→ Marathi: मुलूख (mulūkh)

→ Marwari: मुलक (mulak)

→ Nepali: मुलुक (muluk)

→ Odia: ମୁଲକ (mulaka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਲਕ (mulak)

Shahmukhi script: مُلَک (mulak)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُلْڪُ (mulku)

Devanagari script: मुल्कु (mulku)

Borrowed from Arabic مُلْك (mulk, “kingship, royalty, monarchy”).


خبرنگار

head

خَبَرْنِگار • (xabarnegâr) (plural خبرنگاران (xabarnegârân))

خَبَرْنِگار (canonical)
xabarnegâr (romanization)
خبرنگاران (plural)

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[xä.bäɾ.nɪ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[χä.bäɾ.ni.ɡɔ́ɾ]

From خَبَر (xabar, “news”) + نِگار (negâr).


دندان‌پزشک

دندانپزشک (canonical)
dandân-pezešk (romanization)


پزشک

پِزِشْک • (pezešk) (plural پزشکان (pezeškân))

پِزِشْک (canonical)
pezešk (romanization)
پزشکان (plural)
پزشک (singular)
پزشکان، پزشکا (pezeškấn, pezeškấ^△) (colloquial plural)
پزشک را، پزشک رو (pezešk râ, pezeško^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
پزشک (ezafe singular)
پزشکی (definite relative singular)
پزشکی (indefinite singular stressed)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bcšk'), 𐫁𐫉𐫏𐫢𐫐 (bzyšk /bizešk/, “doctor, physician”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *bišajkah. Compare Iranian borrowing Old Armenian բժիշկ (bžišk). Further related to Sanskrit भिषज्यति (bhiṣajyati, “to heal”), भिषज् (bhiṣaj, “curing; medicine; doctor”).


چشم‌پزشک

head

چشمپزشک • (češm-pezešk)

fa-noun

چشمپزشک • (češm-pezešk)

چشمپزشک (canonical)
češm-pezešk (romanization)


روان‌پزشک

روانپزشک (canonical)
ravân-pezešk (romanization)


دانشمند

head

دانشمند • (dânešmand) (plural دانشمندان (dânešmandân) or دانشمندها (dânešmand-hâ))

dânešmand (romanization)
دانشمندان (plural)
دانشمندها (plural)

→ Gujarati: દાનિશમંદ (dāniśmand)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਨਸ਼ਮੰਦ (dānśamand)

Shahmukhi script: دانشمند (dānaśmand)

→ Urdu: دانش مند (dāniś-mand)

→ Turkmen: danyşment

→ Azerbaijani: danişmənd

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانشمند (danişmend), տանիշմէնտ (danişmend) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: danişment, danışman
→ Middle Armenian: դանիշման (danišman), դանըշման (danəšman)

From دانش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + ـمند (-mand).

af

زاد دانشمند آثار قلم / زاد صوفی چیست آثار قدم

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 160:

The scholar's provision is [consists of] pen-marks [written letters and words]. What is the Súfí's provision? Footmarks.

zâd-e dânešmand âsâr-e qalam / zâd-e sufi či-st âsâr-e qadam


استاد

fa-adj

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
اُسْتَادتَر (comparative)
اُسْتَادتَرین (superlative)

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).

prefix

compare Avestan <i class="Avst mention" lang="ae">𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀</i> (auua)


استاد

head

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

اُسْتَاد (canonical)
ostâd (romanization)
استادان (plural)
استادها (plural)
اساتید (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
Gulf Arabic: استاذ (istāḏ)
→ Lishana Deni: אסתאדא (ʾəstāḏa)
→ Malay: ustaz
Indonesian: ustaz
→ Swahili: stadi
→ Yakan: ustad

→ Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)

→ Azerbaijani: usta, ustad

→ Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)

→ Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)

→ Chinese:

→ Dungan: вуста (vusta)

→ Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
→ Bats: ოსტატ (osṭaṭ)
→ Mingrelian: ორსანტი (orsanṭi)
→ Svan: უ̂ოსტა̈ტ (ûosṭäṭ)

→ Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: उस्ताद (ustād)

Urdu: استاد (ustād)
→ English: ustad

→ Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)

→ Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)

> Turkish: üstad, üstat, usta (inherited)

→ Albanian: usta

→ Middle Armenian: ուսթայ (ustʻay), ուսթա (ustʻa), ուստայ (ustay)

→ Armenian: ուստա (usta)

→ Romanian: usta

→ Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)

→ Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)

→ Uzbek: usta, ustoz

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]

[ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

[ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]

master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)

professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)


کتابدار

head

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

fa-noun

کتابدار • (ketâbdâr)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.d̪ɑːɾ]

[kʰi.t̪ʰɔːb.d̪ɔːɾ]

[kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒːb.d̪ɒːɹ]

A compound of کتاب (ketâb) and the suffix ـدار (-dâr).


چشم‌پزشکی

head

چشمپزشکی • (češm-pezeški)

چشمپزشکی (canonical)
češm-pezeški (romanization)


نقاش

نقاش • (naqqâš)

fa-noun

نقاش • (naqqâš)

نقش با نقاش چه سگالد دگر / چون سگالش اوش بخشید و خبر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3035:

What else (but good) should the picture think of the painter, since he bestowed thought and knowledge upon it?

naqš bâ naqâš či sigâlad digar / čôn sigâl-aš ô-š baxšid u xabar


امپراتور

head

اِمْپِراتور • (emperâtur) (plural امپراتورها (emperâtur-hâ))

اِمْپِراتور (canonical)
emperâtur (romanization)
امپراتورها (plural)

[ʔɪm.pʰä.ɾɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[ʔem.pʰe.ɹɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


ملکه

ملکه • (maleke) (plural ملکهها (maleke-hâ) or ملکات (malekât))

maleke (romanization)
ملکهها (plural)
ملکات (plural)

Dari: مَلِکَه (malika)

Iranian Persian: مَلِکِه (maleke)

Tajik: малика (malika)

→ Gujarati: મલિકા (malikā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मलिका (malikā)

Urdu: مَلِکَہ (malika)

→ Marwari: मलिका (malikā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਲਕਾ (malkā)

Shahmukhi script: مَلِکَہ (malikah)

→ Sindhi: malikā

Arabic script: مَلڪَھ

Devanagari script: मलिका

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِكَة (malika). By surface analysis, ملک (malek) + ـه (-e).


راهنما

head

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

fa-noun

راهنما • (râhnamâ)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

Azerbaijani: rəhnüma

Ottoman Turkish: رهنما (rehnüma)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਹਿਨੁਮਾ (rahinumā)

Shahmukhi script: رہنما (rahnumā)

→ Hindustani:

Devanagari script: रहनुमा (rahnumā)

Arabic script: رہنما (rahnumā)


بازیگر

head

بازیگر • (bâzigar) (plural بازیگران (bâzigarân) or بازیگرها (bâzigar-hâ))

bâzigar (romanization)
بازیگران (plural)
بازیگرها (plural)

→ Assamese: বাজিকৰ (bazikor)

→ Bengali: বাজিগর (bajigor)

→ Gujarati: બાજીગર (bājīgar)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: बाजीगर (bājīgara)
Hindustani: bāzīgar
Hindi: बाज़ीगर
Urdu: بَازِیگََر (bāzīgār)

→ Kannada: ಬಾಜಿಗಾರ (bājigāra)

→ Odia: ବାଜିଗର (bājigara)

→ Old Punjabi: ਬਾਜੀਗਰੁ (bājīgaru)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਜ਼ੀਗਰ (bāzīgar)
Shahmukhi script: بازِی گَر (bāzī gar)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: بازيگَرُ

Devanagari script: बाज़ीगरु

[bɒː.ziː.ɡʲǽɹ]

(original sense) rope dancer; tumbler; performing acrobat


عکاس

head

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

fa-noun

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

عَکّاس (canonical)
'akkâs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: əkkas

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɔ́ːs]

[ʔækʲ.kʰɒ́ːs]

Pseudo-Arabic formation from عَکْس ('aks, “photo”), from Arabic عَكْس (ʕaks, “reflection, opposite”), using the Arabic pattern فَعّال (faʕʕāl) which creates words for habitual actions and professions. Compare کَفّاش (kaffâš, “cobbler”).


دیدبان

head

دیدبان • (didbân)

fa-noun

دیدبان • (didbân)

→ Azerbaijani: didəban

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dīdbān), whence also Arabic دَيْدَبَان (daydabān). Analyzable as دید (did, “watch, observe”) + ـبان (bân, “protector”).


ژورنالیست

head

ژورْنالیسْت • (žurnâlist) (plural ژورنالیستها (žurnâlist-hâ))

ژورْنالیسْت (canonical)
žurnâlist (romanization)
ژورنالیستها (plural)


همشیره

همشیره • (hamšire) (plural همشیرگان (hamširegân))

hamšire (romanization)
همشیرگان (plural)

[ʔäm.ʃiː.ɾǽ]

Equivalent to هم (ham, “also, too, similarly, same”) + شیر (šir, “milk”) (i.e. someone one shares mother's milk with).


یاور

یاور • (yâvar)

fa-noun

یاور • (yâvar)

→ Azerbaijani: yavər

→ Urdu: یاور (yāor)

→ Turkish: yaver

Akin to Parthian ʾdyʾwr (/aδyāwar/, “helper, friend”).


حاکم

head

حاکم • (hâkem) (plural حاکمان (hâkemân) or حاکمها (hâkem-hâ))

hâkem (romanization)
حاکمان (plural)
حاکمها (plural)


ژاندرم

ژاندرم • (žândarm) (plural ژاندرمها (žândarm-hâ))

žândarm (romanization)
ژاندرمها (plural)

[ʒɒːn̪.d̪ǽɹm]


سفیر

سفیر • (safir) (plural سفرا (sofarâ) or سفیران (safirân))

safir (romanization)
سفرا (plural)
سفیران (plural)

سفیر کنونی بریتانیا در ایران


روسپی

روسپی • (ruspi) (plural روسپیان (ruspiyân) or روسپیها (ruspi-hâ))

ruspi (romanization)
روسپیان (plural)
روسپیها (plural)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: روسپی (ruspi, rospi, rospu)

→ Armenian: օրոսփի (ōrospʻi)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lwspyk' /rōspīg/, “whore”), equivalent to رو (ru, “face”) + سپید (sapēd, “white, clear, bright”).


عراف

head

عراف • (arrâf)

fa-noun

عراف • (arrâf)


آموزگار

head

آموزْگار • (âmuzgâr) (plural آموزگاران (âmuzgârân) or آموزگارها (âmuzgâr-hâ))

آموزْگار (canonical)
âmuzgâr (romanization)
آموزگاران (plural)
آموزگارها (plural)

[ʔɑː.moːz.ˈɡɑːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɑː.moːz.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɔː.mʊːz.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔɒː.muːz.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

[ʔɔ.mɵz.ɡɔ́ɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmwckʾl /hammōzgār/). By surface analysis, آموز + گر. Compare Old Armenian համոզակեր (hamozaker).


خلبان

head

خلبان • (xalabân or xalbân) (plural خلبانان (xalabânân))

xalabân (romanization)
xalbân (romanization)
خلبانان (plural)

From خله (xale, “(archaic) helm, oar”) + ـبان (-bân). Purism that replaced پایلت (peylât) from English and طیارهچی (tayyâreči) from Arabic with a Turkish suffix.


گل‌فروش

گلفروش (canonical)
gol-foruš (romanization)


شاگرد

head

شاگِرْد • (šâgerd) (plural شاگردان (šâgerdân) or شاگردها (šâgerd-hâ))

شاگِرْد (canonical)
šâgerd (romanization)
شاگردان (plural)
شاگردها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şagird

→ Bashkir: шәкерт (şəkert)

→ Bengali: শাগরেদ (śagred)

→ Georgian: შეგირდი (šegirdi)

→ Gujarati: શાગિર્દ (śāgird)

→ Hindi: शागिर्द (śāgird)

→ Urdu: شاگِرْد (śāgird)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şagirt, şagird

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاكرد (şâkird)
Turkish: şakirt
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шѐгрт
Latin script: šègrt

[ʃɑː.ˈɡiɾð̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɔː.ɡíɾd̪̪]

[ʃɒː.ɡʲéɹd̪̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšʾklt' /hašāgird/, “disciple, pupil”), from Proto-Iranian *hašā-kr̥táh-. The first component is from Proto-Iranian *hu-šāk-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu- (“good”) + Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), while the latter component is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”). Akin to Old Armenian աշակերտ (ašakert), Aghwan 𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐕜 (ašarḳeṭ), Iranian borrowings.

der

pupil, student, scholar (one who seeks knowledge from others, also used for martial arts students or members of any sports club)


صندوقدار

head

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

fa-noun

صَندوقدار • (sanduqdâr)

صَندوقدار (canonical)
sanduqdâr (romanization)

[sæn̪.d̪uːʁ.d̪ɒːɹ]


خان

head

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خوانین (xavânin))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خوانین (plural)

→ Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

Urdu: خان (xān)

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s. See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹ /qaɣan/) for more.

بیگلربیگی بیگلربیگی#Persian

سلطان سلطان#Persian

(historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:

A Safavid provincial governor ranking between بیگلربیگی (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and سلطان (soltân, “deputy governor”).

In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.

khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:
The Ottoman emperor.

چنگیز خان


خان

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خانات (xânât))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خانات (plural)

→ Arabic: خَان (ḵān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خان (han)
Turkish: han
→ Albanian: han
→ Aromanian: háne
→ Bulgarian: хан (han)
→ Greek: χάνι (cháni)
→ Hungarian: hán
→ Romanian: han
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ха̑н
Latin script: hȃn

fa:کاروانسرا

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /xān/, “house”). See خانه (xâne) for more.

inh

rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)


فرعون

head

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


سرآشپز

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)

fa-noun

سرآشپز • (sar-âšpaz)


چاپار

head

چاپار • (čâpâr)

fa-noun

چاپار • (čâpâr)

[t͡ʃɑː.ˈpɑːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.pʰɔ́ːɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.pʰɒ́ːɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.pʰɔ́ɾ]

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish چپار / چاپار / چپر (çapar), Ottoman Turkish چاپار (çapar), Azerbaijani çapar. Ultimately from the root underlying Ottoman Turkish چاپمق (çapmak), Azerbaijani çapmaq.
Also from Turkic (directly or via Persian): Middle Armenian չափառ (čʻapʻaṙ), Armenian Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan), Georgian ჩაფარი (čapari), Ossetian чапар (ḱapar), Avar чапар (čapar), Lezgi чапар (čapar), Lak чапар (čapar).

cog

چپار / چاپار / چپر

چاپارچیباشی

čâpârči-bâši


درگر

→ Armenian: դուրգար (durgar)

→ Georgian: დურგალი (durgali)

→ Azerbaijani: dülgər

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دولگر (dülger)
Turkish: dülger
→⇒ Armenian: Տյուլկերյան (Tyulkeryan)
→ Romanian: dulgher

→ Uzbek: duradgor

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (dwlgl /durgar/, “carpenter”). Equivalent to درود (dorud, “timber, plank”) + ـگر (gar, “agentive suffix”).


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


درزی

head

درزی • (darzi) (plural درزیها (darzi-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Arabic: دَرْزِّی

→ Armenian: դարզի (darzi)

→ Azerbaijani: dərzi / درزی

→ Bengali: দর্জি (dorji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दर्ज़ी (darzī)

Urdu: درزی (darzī)

→ Pashto: درزي (darzi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਜ਼ੀ (darzī), ਦਰਜੀ (darjī)

Shahmukhi script: درزی (darzī)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترزی (terzi), درزی (derzi)
Turkish: terzi
→ Albanian: terzi
→ Arabic: تَرْزِيّ (tarziyy)
→ Armenian: թարզի (tʻarzi), թերզի (tʻerzi)
→ Bulgarian: терзи́я (terzíja)
→ Georgian: თერძი (terʒi)
→ Macedonian: терзија (terzija)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: терзија
Latin script: terzija

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlcyk' /darzīg/, “tailor”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *darz- (“to attach, fasten; to load; to sew”). Cognate with Talysh دشتن (dešten, “to sew”) (present stem: درز (derz)) (in Shaft).
Also from Iranian: Old Armenian դերձակ (derjak), post-classical դերձիկ (derjik), դերզիկ (derzik), Classical Syriac ܕܪܙܝܩܐ (darzīqā).


دایه

head

دایه • (dâye)

fa-noun

دایه • (dâye)

desctree

→ Arabic: دَايَة (dāya)
Andalusian Arabic: داية (dāya)
Gulf Arabic: داية (dāya)

Inherited from Middle Persian dʾyk (dāyak, “nurse”). Akin to Northern Kurdish dayik, dê, Central Kurdish دایک (dayk), Southern Kurdish داڵگ (dallg) and Old Armenian դայեակ (dayeak), an Iranian borrowing.


پادشاه

head

پادِشاه or پادْشاه • (pâdešâh or pâdšâh) (plural پادِشاهان (pâdešâhân) or پادشاهان (pâdšâhân))

پادِشاه (canonical)
پادْشاه (canonical)
pâdešâh (romanization)
pâdšâh (romanization)
پادِشاهان (plural)
پادشاهان (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: بَادْشَاه (bādšāh), بَادِيشَاه (bādīšāh)

→ Azerbaijani:

Latin script: padşah

Cyrillic script: падшаһ

Arabic script: پادشاه

→ Bashkir: батша (batşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Chuvash: патша (patša)

→ Crimean Tatar: padişa

→ Gujarati: પાદશાહ (pādśāh), બાદશાહ (bādśāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बादशाह (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

→ Italian: padiscià

→ Kazakh: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Kyrgyz: падыша (padışa)

→ Old Gujarati: पातशाह (pātaśāha)

Gujarati: પાતશાહ (pātśāh)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه (pādišāh)
Turkish: padişah
→ Bulgarian: падиша́х (padišáh)
→ Cappadocian Greek: Πατισάχης (Patisáchis)
→ Czech: pádišáh
→ Hungarian: padisah
→ Macedonian: падишах (padišah)
→ Romanian: padișah
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: па̀дишах
Latin script: pàdišah

→ Mazanderani: پاشا (pâšâ)

→ Pashto: باچا (bāčā)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ (bādśāh)

→ Russian: падиша́х (padišáx)

→ Southern Altai: батша (batša)

desc

→ Tatar: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Turkmen: patyşa

→ Uyghur: پادىشاھ (padishah)

→ Uzbek: podshoh

[pɑː.ði.ˈʃɑːh]

[pɑːð.ˈʃɑːh]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰɑː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɔː.d̪i.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɔːd̪.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɒː.d̪e.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɒːd̪.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɔ.d̪i.ʃɔ́ʱ]

[pʰɔd̪.ʃɔ́ʱ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šlyta /pādixšā(y)/, “ruler, powerful, authoritative, authorized”).


ستوان

head

ستوان • (sotvân)

fa-noun

ستوان • (sotvân)


سرجوخه

head

سرجوخه • (sarjuxe) (plural سرجوخهها (sarjuxe-hâ))

sarjuxe (romanization)
سرجوخهها (plural)

From سر (“head”) + جوخه (“platoon, squad”).


شهبانو

شهبانو • (šahbânu)

fa-noun

شهبانو • (šahbânu)

→ Bengali: শাহবানু (śahbanu)

→ English: shahbanu


بلوک

Borrowed from Chagatai بولك (bölük), cognate to Ottoman Turkish بلوك (bölük, “part, fraction; squadron”).

cog

ولایت ولایت#Persian

cluster of villages or towns constituting a district under a province (ولایت) (pl. ـات)


سوداگر

head

سوداگر • (sowdâgar) (plural سوداگران (sowdâgarân) or سوداگرها (sowdâgar-hâ))

sowdâgar (romanization)
سوداگران (plural)
سوداگرها (plural)

→ Bengali: সওদাগর (śoōdagor)

→ Kazakh: саудагер (saudager)

→ Kyrgyz: соодагер (soodager)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सौदागर (saudāgar)

Urdu: سوداگر (saudāgar)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sudagar
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢꦒꦂ (sudagar, “merchant, trader”)
→ Indonesian: sudagar (“merchant, trader”)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوداگر (sevdâger)

→ Uzbek: savdogar / савдогар (savdogar)

→ Uyghur: سودىگەر (sodiger)

→ Malay: saudagar

Indonesian: saudagar

→ Turkmen: söwdagär

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɑː.ɡǽɾ]

[säw.d̪ɔː.ɡǽɾ]


سپاهی

head

سپاهی • (sipāhī /sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)

sipāhī (romanization)
sepâhi (romanization)
سپاهیان (plural)

desc

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی

→ Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi)

→ Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)

Hindi: सिपाही (sipāhī)

Urdu: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

→ Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)

→ Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਪਾਹੀ (sipāhī)

Shahmukhi script: سِپاہی (sipāhī)

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]

From سپاه (sipāh /sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī /-i, noun forming suffix).


شاهنشاه

head

شاهَنْشاه • (šâhanšâh) (plural شاهنشاهان (šâhanšâhân) or شاهنشاهها (šâhanšâh-hâ))

شاهَنْشاه (canonical)
šâhanšâh (romanization)
شاهنشاهان (plural)
شاهنشاهها (plural)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

→ Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh)

lang

علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵

Andalusian Arabic: شَهَنْشَاه

→ Azerbaijani: şahənşah

→ English: shahanshah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहंशाह (śahañśāh)

desc

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

Urdu: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

→ Middle Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

Armenian: շահնշահ (šahnšah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهنشاه (şâhenşâh), شاهنشه (şâhenşeh), شهنشاه (şehenşâh), شهنشه (şehenşeh)

Turkish: şehinşah

→ Romanian: șahinșah

→ Polish: szachinszach

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ (śahinśāh)

Shahmukhi script: شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɑː.ɦän.ʃɑːʱ]

[ʃɒː.ɦæn.ʃɒːʱ]

[ʃɔ.ɦän.ʃɔʱ]

From earlier شَاهَانشَاه (šāhān-šāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān šāh, “king of kings”).


دلاک

head

دلاک • (dallâk) (plural دلاکان (dallâkân))

→ Armenian: դալլաք (dallakʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: dəllək

→ Georgian: დალაქი (dalaki)

→ Gujarati: દલ્લાક (dallāk)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: دلاك (dellak), تلاك (tellak), تلاق (tellak)

Turkish: tellak


پیک

head

پیک • (peyk) (plural پیکها (peyk-hâ) or پیکان (peykân))

peyk (romanization)
پیکها (plural)
پیکان (plural)

→ Georgian: ფაიკი (paiḳi)

→ Middle Armenian: փայիգ (pʻayig)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pdk' /payg/, “foot-soldier, courier”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”). Cognate with Sanskrit पदिक (padika, “going on foot, pedestrian”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պայիկ (payik), Georgian პაიკი (ṗaiḳi), Classical Syriac ܦܱܝܓܳܐ (faygā), Arabic فَيْج (fayj), فَوْج (fawj).


کماندار

head

کماندار • (kamândâr) (plural کمانداران (kamândârân) or کماندارها (kamândâr-hâ))

kamândâr (romanization)
کمانداران (plural)
کماندارها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાનદાર (kamāndār)

From کمان (kamân, “bow, arch”) + ـدار (-dâr).
Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭣𐭠𐭫 (kamāndār)


بازرگان

بازرگان • (bâzargân)

fa-proper noun

بازرگان • (bâzargân)

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɑː.zäɾ.ɡɑːn]

[bɔː.zäɾ.ɡɔːn]

[bɒː.zæɹ.ɡɒːn]

From earlier بازارگان (bâzârgân), from Middle Persian wʾčʾlkʾn' (wāzāragān, “merchant”). Compare Old Armenian վաճառական (vačaṙakan). Analyzable as بازار (bâzâr, “bazaar”) + ـگان (gân).


کرد

head

کرد • (kord) (plural کردان (kordân) or اکراد (akrâd))

kord (romanization)
کردان (plural)
اکراد (plural)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwrt /kurd/), of uncertain origin, assumed from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (“herd”).

inh

گروهی از اکراد در کوههای میان اصفهان و خوزستان و این نواحی بدیشان شناخته آید و بلاد لر خوانند و هم لرستان و لور گویند.

1224-1228, Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mu’jam ul-Buldān (Persian translation)

[ Lurs are ] a group of nomads who live in the mountains between Isfahan and Khuzestan and these territories are known to be theirs and they are called the Lur people and they are also called “Luristan” and “Lur”.

goruh-i az akrâd dar kuh-hâ-ye muyân-e esfehân o xuzestân, o in navâhi bedišân šenâxte âyad o balad lor xânand o ham lorestân o lur guyand.


رئیس‌جمهور

head

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور • (ra'is-jomhur) (plural رئیسجمهوران (ra'is-jomhurân) or رئیسجمهورها (ra'is-jomhur-hâ))

fa-noun

رَئیسجُمْهور

رَئیسجُمْهور (canonical)
ra'is-jomhur (romanization)
رئیسجمهوران (plural)
رئیسجمهورها (plural)


انسان‌شناس

head

انسانشناس • (ensân-šenâs) (plural انسانشناسان (ensân-šenâsân))

انسانشناس (canonical)
ensân-šenâs (romanization)
انسانشناسان (plural)


گنجور

گنجور • (ganjur) (plural گنجورها (ganjur-hâ) or گنجوران (ganjurân))

ganjur (romanization)
گنجورها (plural)
گنجوران (plural)

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡän.d͡ʒúːɾ]

[ɡʲæn.d͡ʒúːɹ]

From earlier گنجوَر (ganjwar), from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭭𐭦𐭥𐭡𐭥 (gncwbl /ganjwar/) (Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (gnzwr /ganzwar/)), from Old Persian *ganzabarah, from Old Median *ganǰabarah.


زرگر

head

زرگر • (zargar) (plural زرگرها (zargar-hâ) or زرگران (zargarân))

zargar (romanization)
زرگرها (plural)
زرگران (plural)

→ Armenian: զարգար (zargar)

→ Azerbaijani: zərgər

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रगर (zargar)

Urdu: زرگر (zargar)

→ Kazakh: зергер (zerger)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zlykl /zarr(ī)gar/, “goldsmith”). By surface analysis, زر (zarr, “gold”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).

surface analysis

نبض جست و روی سرخ و زرد شد
کز سمرقندی زرگر فرد شد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 168:

Her pulse jumped and her face went red and pale, for she had been parted from a man of Samarcand, a goldsmith.

nabz just u rōy surx u zard šud
k-az samarqandī zargar fard šud


حکیم

head

حَکیم • (hakim) (plural حکیمان (hakimân))

حَکیم (canonical)
hakim (romanization)
حکیمان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हकीम (hakīm)

Urdu: حَکِیم (hakīm)

→ Gujarati: હકીમ (hakīm)

→ Punjabi: ਹਕੀਮ (hakīm)


ناخدا

ناخدا • (nâxodâ) (plural ناخداها (nâxodâ-hâ) or ناخدایان (nâxodâyân))

nâxodâ (romanization)
ناخداها (plural)
ناخدایان (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَاخُوذَاة (nāḵūḏāh), نَاخُوذَة (nāḵūḏa)
→ Swahili: nahodha

→ Bengali: নাখোদা (nakhōda)

→ Gulf Arabic: نوخذة (nōḵiḏa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नाख़ुदा (nāxudā)

Urdu: نَاخُدَا (nāxudā)

→ Malay: nakhoda
Indonesian: nakhoda

→ Ottoman Turkish: ناخدا (nahuda)

From earlier ناوخدا (nâvxodâ), compound of ناو (nâv, “boat, ship”) + خدا (xodâ, “master, lord, chief”). Compare Ancient Greek ναύκληρος (naúklēros), Latin nauclērus for the formation.

af

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

[nɑː.xʊ.d̪ɑ́ː]

(nautical) skipper, shipmaster, master mariner


سپهسالار

head

سپهسالار • (sepahsâlâr)

fa-noun

سپهسالار • (sepahsâlâr)

[sɪ.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[sɪ.pʰäɦ.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

[sɪ.pʰɑː.sɑː.lɑ́ːɾ]

From earlier سپاهسالار (sepâhsâlâr), from Middle Persian 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬵⸱𐬯𐬁𐬮𐬁𐬭 (spāh-sālār).


سردار

head

سردار • (sardâr) (plural سردارها (sardâr-hâ) or سرداران (sardârân))

sardâr (romanization)
سردارها (plural)
سرداران (plural)

Armenian: սարդար (sardar)

Azerbaijani: sərdar

Bengali: সর্দার (śordar)

English: Sardar

Georgian: სარდალი (sardali)

Gulf Arabic: سردال (sirdāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सरदार (sardār)

Urdu: سردار (sardār)

Kazakh: сардар (sardar)

Northern Kurdish: Serdar

Ottoman Turkish: سردار (serdâr)

Arabic: سِرْدار (sirdār)

English: sirdar

English: serdar

Turkish: serdar

Uzbek: sardor

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

Probably borrowed from Parthian [Term?]. Doublet of سالار (sâlâr), which is from Middle Persian [script needed] (srdʾl /sālār/), a genuine Persian development.


سردار

head

سردار • (sardâr)

fa-proper noun

سردار • (sardâr)

Turkish: Serdar

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɑ́ːɾ]

[säɾ.d̪ɔ́ːɾ]

[sæɹ.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]


آمارگر

head

آمارگر • (âmârgar) (plural آمارگرها (âmârgar-hâ) or آمارگران (âmârgarân))

âmârgar (romanization)
آمارگرها (plural)
آمارگران (plural)

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡaɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɑː.mɑːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɔː.mɔːɾ.ɡäɾ]

[ʔɒː.mɒːɹ.ɡʲæɹ]

[ʔɔ.mɔɾ.ɡäɾ]

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭪𐭫𐭩 (āmārgar), from Old Persian *hammārakarah.


داروساز

داروساز • (dârusâz) (plural داروسازان (dârusâzân))

dârusâz (romanization)
داروسازان (plural)

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.sɑ́ːz]

[d̪ɒː.ɹuː.sɒ́ːz]

From دارو (dâru, “medicine”) + ساز (sâz, “maker”).


تزار

head

تزار • (tezâr) (plural تزارها (tezâr-hâ))


ساربان

ساربان • (sârebân) (plural ساربانان (sârebânân) or ساربانها (sârebân-hâ))

sârebân (romanization)
ساربانان (plural)
ساربانها (plural)

[sɑː.ɾi.ˈβɑːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

[sɑː.ɾɪ.bɑ́ːn]

Borrowed from either Parthian 𐫘𐫀𐫡𐫤 (sʾrt /sārt/, “caravan”) or Sogdian [script needed] (sʾrth /sārt/, “caravan”).

bor

ای ساربان آهسته رو کآرام جانم میرود
وآن دل که با خود داشتم با دلستانم میرود
ey sârebân âheste rân k-ârâm-e jânam mi-ravad

12th century, Saadi, Divan (Ghazaliyyat), 268

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

v-ân del ke bâ xod dâštam bâ delsetânam mi-ravad

(archaic) caravanner, caravaneer (leader of caravan)


نخست‌وزیر

head

نُخُستوزیرَ or نَخُستوزیرَ • (noxost-vazir or naxost-vazir) (plural نخستوزیران (noxost-vazirân))

نُخُست وزیرَ (canonical)
نَخُست وزیرَ (canonical)
noxost-vazir (romanization)
naxost-vazir (romanization)
نخستوزیران (plural)


موسیقی‌دان

موسیقیدان • (musiqi-dân) (plural موسیقیدانان (musiqi-dânân) or موسیقیدانها (musiqi-dân-hâ))

موسیقیدان (canonical)
musiqi-dân (romanization)
موسیقیدانان (plural)
موسیقیدانها (plural)

From موسیقی (musiqi, “music”) + ـدان (-dân).

fa:موسیقی‌دان


آتش‌نشان

آتشنشان • (âtaš-nešân) (plural آتشنشانان (âtaš-nešân-ân) or آتشنشانها (âtaš-nešân-hâ))

آتشنشان (canonical)
âtaš-nešân (romanization)
آتشنشانان (plural)
آتشنشانها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.nɪ.ʃɑːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.nɪ.ʃɑːn]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.nɪ.ʃɑːn]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.ni.ʃɔːn]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.ne.ʃɒːn]

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + نشان (nešân, “to show”).

compound

(firefighting) firefighter, fireman, firewoman


جواهرفروش

head

جَواهِرفُروش

جَواهِرفُروشان

جَواهِرفُروشها

جَواهِرفُروش • (javâherforuš) (plural جَواهِرفُروشان (javâherforuš-ân) or جَواهِرفُروشها (javâherforuš-hâ))

fa-noun

جَواهِرفُروش

جَواهِرفُروشان

جَواهِرفُروشها

جَواهِرفُروش (canonical)
javâherforuš (romanization)
جَواهِرفُروشان (plural)
جَواهِرفُروشها (plural)

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.ɦɪɾ.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.ɦɪɾ.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

[d͡ʒä.wɑː.jɪɾ.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

From جواهر (javâher, “jewellery”) + ـفروش (-foruš).


راننده

head

رانَنْدِه • (rânande) (plural رانندگان (rânandegân) or رانندهها (rânande-hâ))

رانَنْدِه (canonical)
rânande (romanization)
رانندگان (plural)
رانندهها (plural)

[ɹɒː.næn̪.d̪é]

Derived from راندن (rândan, “to drive”).


کتاب‌فروش

کتابفروش • (ketâb-foruš) (plural کتابفروشان (ketâb-forušân))

کتابفروش (canonical)
ketâb-foruš (romanization)
کتابفروشان (plural)

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

[kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑːb.fʊ.ɾoːʃ]

From کتاب (ketâb, “book”) + فروش (foruš).


ماهی‌فروش

ماهیفروش • (mâhi-foruš)

fa-noun

ماهیفروش • (mâhi-foruš)

ماهیفروش (canonical)
mâhi-foruš (romanization)

From ماهی (mâhi, “fish”) + فروش (foruš).


عمده‌فروش

عمدهفروش (canonical)
'omde-foruš (romanization)


میوه‌فروش

head

میوهفروش • (mêve-forôš)

fa-noun

میوهفروش • (mêve-forôš)

میوهفروش (canonical)
mêve-forôš (romanization)

From میوه (mêve, “fruit”) + فروش (forôš).


شیرینی‌فروش

head

شیرینیفروشان

شیرینیفروش • (širini-foruš) (plural شیرینیفروشان (širini-forušân))

fa-noun

شیرینیفروشان

شیرینیفروش (canonical)
širini-foruš (romanization)
شیرینیفروشان (plural)

From شیرینی (širini, “confectionery”) + فروش (foruš).

compound

confectioner, sweet seller, pâtisserie-seller


باستان‌شناس

head

باستانشناس • (bâstân-šenâs)

fa-noun

باستانشناس • (bâstân-šenâs)

باستانشناس (canonical)
bâstân-šenâs (romanization)

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[bɑːs.t̪ʰɑːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

af

باستان (bâstân) + ـشناس (šenâs)


کاریکاتوریست

head

کاریکاتوریستها

کاریکاتوریست • (kârikâtorist) (plural کاریکاتوریستها (kârikâtorist-hâ))

fa-noun

کاریکاتوریستها

kârikâtorist (romanization)
کاریکاتوریستها (plural)

fa:کاریکاتوریست


سردبیر

head

سردبیر • (sar-dabir) (plural سردبیران (sar-dabirân))

sar-dabir (romanization)
سردبیران (plural)

[säɾ.d̪ä.bíːɾ]

[sæɹ.d̪æ.bíːɹ]


اقتصاددان

اقتصاددان • (eqtesâd-dân) (plural اقتصاددانان (eqtesâd-dânân))

eqtesâd-dân (romanization)
اقتصاددانان (plural)

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑːd̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

From اقتصاد (eqtesâd, “economy”) + ـدان (-dân).

af

fa:اقتصاددان


صراف

→ Gujarati: સરાફ (sarāph)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सर्राफ़ (sarrāf), सराफ़ (sarāf)

Urdu: صَرّاف (sarrāf)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: सराफ (sarāph)

Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒩𑒰𑒤 (sarāpha)

→ Marathi: सराफ (sarāph)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: صراف (sarraf), صرافان pl (sarrâfân)

→ Romanian: zaraf

Turkish: sarraf

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਰਾਫ਼ (sarāf)

Shahmukhi script: صَراف (ṣarāf)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: صَرافُ

Devanagari script: सराफ़ु


رمال

→ Middle Armenian: ռամալ (ṙamal), ըռամալ (əṙamal)

Armenian: ռամալ (ṙamal)

→ Azerbaijani: rəmmal

→ Ottoman Turkish: رمال (remmal)


دلیل

→ Azerbaijani: dəlil

→ Bengali: দলীল (dolil)

→ Bashkir: дәлил (dəlil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दलील (dalīl)

Urdu: دلیل (dalīl)

→ Kazakh: дәлел (dälel)

→ Kyrgyz: далил (dalil)

→ Turkmen: delil

→ Uyghur: دەلىل (delil)

→ Uzbek: dalil


داکتر

head

داکتر • (dâktar) (plural داکترها (dâktar-hâ) or داکتران (dâktarân))

dâktar (romanization)
داکترها (plural)
داکتران (plural)

[d̪ɑːk.t̪ʰǽɾ]


خواننده اپرا

خوانندگان اپرا

خواننده اپرا • (xânande-ye operâ) (plural خوانندگان اپرا (xânandegân-e operâ))

fa-noun

خوانندگان اپرا

xânande-ye operâ (romanization)
خوانندگان اپرا (plural)

fa:خواننده اپرا


سوار

head

سوار • (sovâr, savâr) (plural سواران (sovâr, savârân))

sovâr (romanization)
savâr (romanization)
سواران (plural)

→ Bengali: সওয়ার (śoōẇar)

→ Gujarati: સવાર (savār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सवार (savār)

Urdu: سوار (savār)

→ Kannada: ಸವಾರ (savāra)

→ Marathi: स्वार (svār)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوار (süvar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਵਾਰ (savār)

Shahmukhi script: سوار (savār)

From Middle Persian ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (aswār, “horseman, rider”).


سپهبد

سپهبد • (sepahbod) (plural سپهبدها (sepahbod-hâ) or سپهبدان (sepahbodân))

sepahbod (romanization)
سپهبدها (plural)
سپهبدان (plural)

From Middle Persian 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧𐭯𐭲𐭩 (spāhbed), from Proto-Iranian *spādapati-, from Proto-Iranian *cwaHdaHpatiš (“commander of the army”). By surface analysis, سپاه (sepâh, “army”) + ـبد (-bod, “lord, master”).

surf

sepahbod; a rank in Iranian army equivalent to lieutenant general


پستچی

head

پستچی • (postči)

fa-noun

پستچی • (postči)


جراح

→ Gujarati: જર્રાહ (jarrāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जर्राह (jarrāh)

Urdu: جَرّاح (jarrāh)

[d͡ʒaɾ.ˈɾɑːh]

[d͡ʒär.rɑ́ːʱ]

[d͡ʒär.rɑ́ːʱ]

[d͡ʒär.rɑ́ː]

[d͡ʒär.rɔ́ː]

[d͡ʒæɹ.ɹɒ́ːʰ]

[d͡ʒäɾ.ɾɔ́ʱ]


سحرباز

head

سحرباز • (sehrbâz)

→ Azerbaijani: sehrbaz

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سحرباز (sihirbaz)
Turkish: sihirbaz
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: sihirbaz
Cyrillic script: сихирбаз


ترانه‌سرا

head

ترانهسرا • (tarâne-sarâ) (plural ترانهسرایان (tarâne-sarâyân) or ترانهسراها (tarâne-sarâ-hâ))

ترانهسرا (canonical)
tarâne-sarâ (romanization)
ترانهسرایان (plural)
ترانهسراها (plural)


وزیر اعظم

وَزیرِ اَعظَم

fa-noun

وَزیرِ اَعظَم

وَزیرِ اَعظَم (canonical)
vazir-e a'zam (romanization)

Bengali: উজিরে আজম (uzire azôm)

→ Hindustani:

desc

वज़ीर-ए-आज़म

Hindi: वज़ीर-ए-आज़म (vazīr-e-āzam)

وَزِیرِ اَعْظَم

Urdu: وَزِیرِ اَعْظَم (vazīr-e āzam)

Urdu: وَزِیرِ اَعْظَم (vazīr-e āzam)

Derived from Arabic وَزِير أَعْظَم (wazīr ʔaʕẓam).

der

وَزِير أَعْظَم

Arabic وَزِير أَعْظَم (wazīr ʔaʕẓam)

der+

وَزِير أَعْظَم


داروشناس

head

داروشناس • (dâru-šenâs)

fa-noun

داروشناس • (dâru-šenâs)

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[d̪ɑː.ɾuː.ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

From دارو (dâru, “drugs”) + شناس (-šenâs, “-logist”).


رفتگر

head

رفتگر • (roftegar) (plural رفتگران (roftegarân) or رفتگرها (roftegar-hâ))

roftegar (romanization)
رفتگران (plural)
رفتگرها (plural)


ماهی‌گیر

ماهیگیر • (mâhi-gir) (plural ماهیگیران (mâhi-girân))

ماهیگیر (canonical)
mâhi-gir (romanization)
ماهیگیران (plural)

[mɑː.ɦiː.ɡíːɾ]

[mɑː.ɦiː.ɡíːɾ]

[mɑː.jiː.ɡíːɾ]

[mɒː.ɦiː.ɡʲíːɹ]


دامپزشک

دامپزشک • (dâmpezešk) (plural دامپزشکان (dâmpezeškân))

dâmpezešk (romanization)
دامپزشکان (plural)

From دام (dâm, “animal, beast, livestock”) + پزشک (pezešk, “doctor”).

compound

vet, veterinary surgeon, veterinarian (Aus, US)


محقق

[mo.ɦæʁ.ɢéɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَقِّق (muḥaqqiq).


مهندس نرم‌افزار

head

مهندسان نرمافزار

مهندسین نرمافزار

مهندس نرمافزار • (mohandes-e narm-afzâr) (plural مهندسان نرمافزار (mohandesân-e narm-afzâr) or مهندسین نرمافزار (mohandesin-e narm-afzâr))

fa-noun

مهندسان نرمافزار

مهندسین نرمافزار

مهندس نرمافزار (canonical)
mohandes-e narm-afzâr (romanization)
مهندسان نرمافزار (plural)
مهندسین نرمافزار (plural)

fa:مهندس نرم‌افزار


مهندس برق

head

مهندس برق • (mohandes-e barq) (plural مهندسان برق (mohandesân-e barq) or مهندسین برق (mohandesin-e barq))

mohandes-e barq (romanization)
مهندسان برق (plural)
مهندسین برق (plural)

fa:مهندس برق


مهندس مکانیک

مهندسان مکانیک

مهندسین مکانیک

مهندس مکانیک • (mohandes-e mekânik) (plural مهندسان مکانیک (mohandesân-e mekânik) or مهندسین مکانیک (mohandesin-e mekânik))

fa-noun

مهندسان مکانیک

مهندسین مکانیک

mohandes-e mekânik (romanization)
مهندسان مکانیک (plural)
مهندسین مکانیک (plural)

fa:مهندس مکانیک


شناگر

head

شناگر • (šenâgar) (plural شناگران (šenâgarân) or شناگرها (šenâgar-hâ))

šenâgar (romanization)
شناگران (plural)
شناگرها (plural)


مردم‌شناس

مردمشناس (canonical)
mardom-šenâs (romanization)


فوج

→ Bengali: ফৌজ (fouj)

→ Pashto: فوځ (fawź), پوځ (pawź)

→ Old Gujarati: फोज (phoja)

Gujarati: ફોજ (phoj)

Marwari: फौज (phauj)

→ Hindustani:

Devanagari script: फ़ौज (fauj)

Arabic script: فوج (fauj)

→ Kannada: ಫೌಜು (phauju)

→ Marathi: फौज (phauj)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ੌਜ (fauj)

Shahmukhi script: فوج (fauj)


جوشکار

جوشکار • (juškâr) (plural جوشکاران (juškârân) or جوشکارها (juškâr-hâ))

juškâr (romanization)
جوشکاران (plural)
جوشکارها (plural)


سقا

حاجی سقّا را بخواند و وی بیامد و کوزه آب پیش وی داشت، دست فرومیکرد و یخ میبرآورد و میخورد[…]

c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

The hajji called for the water carrier, and he arrived and placed the water vase in front of him, and he [the hajji] lowered his hand and took out the ice and ate it […]

hajjī saqqā rā bixwānd u way biyāmad u kōza-yi āb pēš-i way dāšt, dast furō-mē-kard u yax mē-bar-āward u mē-xward […]


جلاد

جلاد • (jallâd) (plural جلادان (jallâdân))

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒäl.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæl.lɒ́ːd̪̥]


قلاوز

A Turkic borrowing, see Old Anatolian Turkish قلاغوز (qulağuz, qulavuz).


روان‌شناس

head

روانشناس • (ravân-šenâs)

fa-noun

روانشناس • (ravân-šenâs)

روانشناس (canonical)
ravân-šenâs (romanization)

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[rä.wɑ́ːn ʃɪ.nɑ́ːs]

[ɹæ.vɒ́ːn ʃe.nɒ́ːs]

af

روان (ravân) + ـشناس (šenâs)


چنگی

head

چنگی • (čangi)

fa-noun

چنگی • (čangi)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنگی (çengi)
Turkish: çengi
→ Albanian: çengi
→ Aromanian: cinghíe
→ Bulgarian: чинги́я (čingíja)
→ Macedonian: ченгија (čengija)
→ Romanian: cinghíe
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чѐнгија
Latin script: čèngija

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰäŋ.ɡíː]

[t͡ʃʰæɲ.ɡʲíː]


کشیش

head

کشیش • (kašiš) (plural کشیشها (kašiš-hâ) or کشیشان (kašišân))

kašiš (romanization)
کشیشها (plural)
کشیشان (plural)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كشیش (keşiş)
Turkish: keşiş
→⇒ Armenian: Քեշիշյան (Kʻešišyan)
→ Bulgarian: кеши́ш (kešíš), ⇒ кеши́шин (kešíšin), Кеши́шев (Kešíšev)
→ Georgian: ქეშიში (kešiši) — Chveneburi
→⇒ Greek: Κεσίσογλου (Kesísoglou)
→ Laz: ქეშიში (keşişi)
→ Serbo-Croatian: kèšīš, кѐшӣш

From Middle Persian [Term?], from Classical Syriac ܩܫܝܫܐ (qaššīšā).

کشیش ارمنی

کشیش بودایی


قاضی

head

قاضی • (qâzi) (plural قاضیها (qâzi-hâ) or قضات (qozât))

qâzi (romanization)
قاضیها (plural)
قضات (plural)

Dari: قَاضِی (qāzī)

Iranian Persian: قاضی (ğâzi)

Tajik: қозӣ (qozi)

→ Bengali: কাজী (kaji)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ाज़ी (qāzī)

Urdu: قاضِی (qāzī)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: قاضِی (qāẓī)

→ Sindhi: قاضي


جولاهک

جولاهک • (julâhak)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլուհակ (ǰuluhak)

Armenian: ջուլհակ (ǰulhak), ջուլահակ (ǰulahak) — obsolete

Already Middle Persian, as seen in Arabic جُلَاهِق (julāhiq). From some descendant of Sanskrit कौलिक (kaulika, “weaver”).


سبزی فروش

→ Armenian: սավզիֆրուշ (savzifruš)


چلنگر

head

چِلِنْگَر • (čelengar)

fa-noun

چِلِنْگَر • (čelengar)

چِلِنْگَر (canonical)
čelengar (romanization)

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɪ.lɪŋ.ɡǽɾ]

[t͡ʃʰe.leɲ.ɡʲǽɹ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (cyl’ngl /čēlāngar/). Equivalent to چیلان (čilân, “iron chain, lock, ring”) + ـگر (gar, “-er”).


امیرتومان

head

امیرتومان • (amir-tumân)

fa-noun

امیرتومان • (amir-tumân)

From امیر (amir, “commander”) + تومان (tumân, “ten thousand (soldiers), a division”).

compound

(obsolete) a major general, a commander of a division.


سرلشکر

From سر (sar, “head, commander”) + لشکر (laškar, “a division”).

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


قفل‌ساز

قفلساز (canonical)
qofl-sâz (romanization)

From قُفل (qofl, “lock”) + ساز (sâz, “maker”).


کلیدساز

From کِلید (kelid, “key”) + ساز (sâz, “maker”).


امیرلشکر

From امیر (amir, “commander”) + لَشکَر (laškar, “division”).


حماسه‌سرا

head

حَماسهسَرایان

حَماسهسَرا • (hamâse-sarâ) (plural حَماسهسَرایان (hamâse-sarâyân))

fa-noun

حَماسهسَرایان

حَماسهسَرا (canonical)
hamâse-sarâ (romanization)
حَماسهسَرایان (plural)

[ʔä.mɑː.sä.sä.ɾɑː]

[ʔä.mɔː.sä.sä.ɾɔː]

حَماسه (hamâse, “epic”) + سَرا (sarâ, present stem of سُرودَن (sorudan, “to compose”)).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">سُرودَن</i> (sorudan, “to compose”)


گارسون

head

گارسون • (gârson)

fa-noun

گارسون • (gârson)


آرایشگر

head

آرایشگر • (ârâyešgar)

fa-noun

آرایشگر • (ârâyešgar)

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːjeʃ.ˈɡaɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːjeʃ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːjeʃ.ɡǽɾ]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑːjeʃɡǽɾ]

[ʔɔː.ɾäjeʃɡǽɾ]

[ʔɒː.ɹɒːjeʃ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[ʔɔ.ɾɔjeʃ.ɡǽɾ]


طلاکار

head

طلاکار • (telâkâr)

fa-noun

طلاکار • (telâkâr)

→ Azerbaijani: tilakar

→ Gujarati: તિલાકાર (tilākār)

→ Urdu: طلا کار (tilā kār)

→ Uzbek: tillakor

[t̪ʰɪ.lɑː.kʰɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰɪ.lɑː.kʰɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰɪ.lɑː.kʰɑːɾ]

[t̪ʰi.lɔː.kʰɔːɾ]

[t̪ʰe.lɒː.kʰɒːɹ]


زردوز

head

زردوز • (zarduz) (plural زردوزان (zarduzân))

→ Ottoman Turkish: زردوز (zerduz)

→ Urdu: زردوز (zardōz)

→ Uzbek: zardoʻz


شاعره

شاعره • (šâ'ere)

fa-noun

شاعره • (šâ'ere)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायरा (śāyrā)

Urdu: شَاعِرَہ (śā'ira)

[ʃɑː.ʔi.ˈɾa]

Borrowed from Arabic شَاعِرَة (šāʕira). By surface analysis, شاعر (šâ'er) + ـه (-e).


ساقی

head

ساقی • (sâqi)

fa-noun

ساقی • (sâqi)


زلزله‌شناس

زلزلهشناس (canonical)
zelzele-šenâs (romanization)


مصرشناس

head

مصرشناس • (mesr-šenâs)

From مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + شناس (-šenâs).


زبان‌شناس

زبانشناس • (zabân-šenâs)

زبانشناس (canonical)
zabân-šenâs (romanization)

From زبان (zabân, “language”) + شناس (-šenâs).

af

ـشناس<alt:شناس>


جغرافیادان

head

جغرافیادان • (joğrâfiyâdân)

fa-noun

جغرافیادان • (joğrâfiyâdân)

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː.d̪ɑːn]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː.d̪ɑːn]

[d͡ʒʊɣ.ɾɑː.fi.jɑː.d̪ɑːn]

af

جغرافیا (joğrâfiyâ) + ـدان (-dân)


دندانساز

head

دندانساز • (dandânsâz) (plural دندانسازها (dandânsâz-hâ))

dandânsâz (romanization)
دندانسازها (plural)


کالبدشناس

کالبدشناس • (kâlbod-šenâs)

fa-noun

کالبدشناس • (kâlbod-šenâs)

fa:کالبدشناس


لولی

Compare Persian لولیدن (lulidan, “to writhe, toss”, in particular in bed).


امپراطور

head

اِمْپِراطور • (emperâtur) (plural امپراطورها (emperâtur-hâ))

اِمْپِراطور (canonical)
emperâtur (romanization)
امپراطورها (plural)

[ʔɪm.pʰä.ɾɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[ʔem.pʰe.ɹɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]

Ultimately from Latin imperātor, possibly via Ottoman Turkish ایمپراطور (imperator).


مورخ

مورخ • (movarrex) (plural مورخان (movarrexân) or مورخها (movarrex-hâ))

movarrex (romanization)
مورخان (plural)
مورخها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَرِّخ (muʔarriḵ). The modern Iranian pronunciation may be a spelling pronunciation.

bor+

در یکی از کتب تاریخ پس از آن که مورخ انکار میکند که کسی از فرط شوق مرده باشد، میسراید[…]

c. 1599, Bahāʾ al‐Dīn ʿĀmilī, “Section I”, in کشکول:

In one of the history books, after the historian denies that anyone has died of excessive love-longing, he says in verse […]

dar yakē az kutub-i tārīx pas az ān ki mu'arrix inkār mē-kunad ki kasē az fart-i šawq murda bāšad, mē-sarāyad […]


کاتب

head

کاتِب • (kâteb) (plural کُتّاب (kottâb))

کاتِب (canonical)
kâteb (romanization)
کُتّاب (plural)

[kʰɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[kʰɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[kʰɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[kʰɔː.t̪ʰíb̥]

[kʰɒː.t̪ʰéb̥]


موسیقی‌شناس

موسیقیشناس • (musiqi-šenâs)

fa-noun

موسیقیشناس • (musiqi-šenâs)

موسیقیشناس (canonical)
musiqi-šenâs (romanization)

From موسیقی (musiqi, “music”) + شناس (-šenâs).

af

ـشناس<alt:شناس>


مسگر

From مس (mes, “copper”) + ـگر (-gar, “-er”).


دکاندار

head

دکاندار • (dokândâr)

fa-noun

دکاندار • (dokândâr)

→ Azerbaijani: dükandar

→ Bengali: দোকানদার (dōkanodar)

→ Northern Kurdish: dikandar

→ Kashmiri: دُکاندار (dukāndār)

→ Gujarati: દુકાનદાર (dukāndār)

→ Hindi: दुकानदार (dukāndār)

→ Talysh: دوکوندار (dukundâr)

→ Turkmen: dükandar

desc

→ Sindhi: دڪاندار

→ Sindhi: دڪاندار

→ Urdu: دکان دار

→ Urdu: دکان دار

→ Phalura: dukaandaár

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪ʊk.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪ʊk.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪ʊ.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪ʊk.kʰɑːn̪.d̪ɑːɾ]

[d̪u.kʰɔːn̪.d̪ɔːɾ]

[d̪o.kʰɒːn̪.d̪ɒːɹ]

[d̪okʲ.kʰɒːn̪.d̪ɒːɹ]

From دکان (dokân, “shop”) + ـدار (-dâr).