زبان

head

زبان • (zabân, zobân) (plural زبانها (zabân-hâ))

zabân (romanization)
zobân (romanization)
زبانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: zəban

→ Bengali: জবান (joban)

→ Rohingya:

Latin script: zuban

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴎𐴟𐴁𐴝𐴕 (zuban)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़बान (zabān)

desctree

Urdu: زَبَان (zabān), زُباں (zubā̃) — poetic
→ Phalura: zabaán

→ Kashmiri: زَبان (zabān)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ਬਾਨ (zabān)

→ Sylheti: ꠎꠛꠣꠘ (zoban)

→ Uzbek: zabon

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ŠNA) / [script needed] (ʾwzwʾn' /uzwān/) (Middle Persian 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʿzwʾn /izwān/)), from Proto-Iranian *hižwáH (compare Northern Kurdish ziman, Pashto ژبه (žəba), Avestan 𐬵𐬍𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hīzuuā)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā), Urdu جِیبھ (jībh) / Hindi जीभ (jībh)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (compare Old Prussian insuwis, Russian язы́к (jazýk), French langue, English tongue).

inh+

بَر زَبَان نَامِ حَقّ و دَر جَانِ او گَنْدهَا اَز فِکْرِ بیاِیمَانِ او

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 269:

On his tongue the name of God, and in his soul stenches from his infidel thought.

bar zabān nām-i haqq u dar jān-i ō gand-hā az fikr-i bē-īmān-i ō


کیر

→ Gujarati: કેર (ker)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیر (kir)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kyl /kēr/, “penis”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (kūra, “membrum virile”), Northern Kurdish kîr (/kīr/), Central Kurdish کێر (kêr /kēr/), Zazaki kîr (kīr) and Northern Luri کێل (kıl). Note also Middle Armenian կլիր (klir).

cog

دوستان کار کیر بازی نیست / هیچ کاری بدین درازی نیست
dōstān kār i kēr bāzī nēst / hēč kārē badēn dirāzī nēst. (Ubayd e Zakani)


خایه

→ Turkish: haya

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/xāyak/), from Proto-Iranian *Hāwyám (compare Northern Kurdish hêk, Ossetian айк (ajk), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬨 (aēm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hāwyám, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”) (compare Armenian ձու (ju), English egg, Italian uovo, Russian яйцо́ (jajcó)).


ادرار

head

ادرار • (edrâr)

fa-noun

ادرار • (edrâr)

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔɪd̪.ɾɑ́ːɾ]

[ʔid̪.ɾɔ́ːɾ]

[ʔed̪.ɹɒ́ːɹ]


پیشاب

head

پیشاب • (pišâb)

fa-noun

پیشاب • (pišâb)

→ Assamese: পেচাপ (pesap)

→ Bengali: পেশাব (peśab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पेशाब (peśāb)

Urdu: پیشاب (peśāb)

→ Kashmiri: پیٚشاب (peśāb)

→ Punjabi: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਬ (piśāb)

→ Sindhi: پشاب (pešâbu)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠦꠡꠣꠛ (feśab)

→ Uzbek: пэшоб / peshob

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɑ́ːb]

[pʰeː.ʃɔ́ːb̥]

[pʰiː.ʃɒ́ːb̥]

From پیش (piš, “front”) + آب (âb, “water”).


منخر

head

منخر • (manxar) (plural مناخر (manâxer) or منخرین (manxareyn))

manxar (romanization)
مناخر (plural)
منخرین (plural)


شیر

شیر • (šir or šêr) (plural شیرها (šir-hâ) or شیران (širân))

šir (romanization)
šêr (romanization)
شیرها (plural)
شیران (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şir

→ Bengali: শের (śer)

→ Gilaki: شیر (šīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शेर (śer)

Urdu: شیر (šer)

→ Khalaj: şîr

→ Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)

Turkish: şir

→ Uzbek: sher

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /šagr, šēr/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.

inh

(Indo-Persian) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)


شیر

šir (romanization)
شیرم (first-person possessive singular)
širam (first-person possessive singular)
شیرمان (first-person plural possessive)
širemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
širemun (first-person plural possessive)
شیرت (possessive second-person singular)
širat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
širet (possessive second-person singular)
شیرتان (plural possessive second-person)
širetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
širetun (plural possessive second-person)
شیرش (possessive singular third-person)
širaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šireš (possessive singular third-person)
شیرشان (plural possessive third-person)
širešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
širešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /šīr/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

کمی شیر اضافه کن


آب منی

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]

[ˈɑː.bɪ mä.níː]


ناف

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃nebʰ- (“navel”). Compare Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬟𐬋 (nāfō), Sanskrit नाभि (nābhi), English navel.


خون

Judeo-Tat: xun

Tajik: хун (xun)

→ Azerbaijani: xun

→ Bengali: খুন (khun)

→ Middle Hindi: خون (xvn /xūn/)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ून (xūn)

Urdu: خُون (xūn)

→ Maithili: khūn

Devanagari script: खून

Tirhuta script: 𑒐𑒴𑒢

→ Punjabi: xūn

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੂਨ

Shahmukhi script: خُون

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭬𐭩𐭠 (dmyʾ /xōn/), also 𐫑𐫇𐫗 (k̇wn /xōn/), from Proto-Iranian *wahūnī.
Cognate with Bakhtiari خین (xīn), Northern Luri خی (xi), Baluchi ہون (hūn), Northern Kurdish xwîn, Central Kurdish خوێن (xwên), Southern Kurdish خۊن (xün) or خوین (xuyn), Zazaki gonî, Gurani ۋنی (ʋinī) or هوون (hūn), Parthian 𐭂𐭅𐭇𐭍 (gwḥn /gōxn/), Sivandi فین (fīn), Harzani and Karingani وون (vūn), Sogdian [script needed] (γwrn /xurn/) or [script needed] (wγrn /wuxrn, uxarn/), Yagnobi вахм (vaxm), Pashto وینه (wina) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀 (vohuna).


مژه

head

مژه • (može) (plural مژهها (može-hâ) or مژگان (možgân))

može (romanization)
مژهها (plural)
مژگان (plural)

→ Khalaj: muja

From Proto-Iranian *maiĵ- (“to blink, wink”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayš- (“to blink, wink”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyg⁽ʷ⁾ʰ- (“to blink, cover (the eyes)”). Cognate with Sanskrit मिष् (miṣ, “to wink”), Lithuanian miẽgas (“sleep”), Proto-Slavic *měžiti (“to close one's eyes”). Alternatively, from موی (muy, “hair”) + ـژه (že, “diminutive suffix”). Akin to Sogdian [script needed] (miža, muža), and Mazanderani میجیک (mijik).


مو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwd /mōy/, “hair”), from Proto-Iranian *mauda- (“hair”), of uncertain origin. Probably from a compound of Proto-Iranian *maw- / *mū- (“bind”) (related to Sanskrit मवते (mavate, “bind, tie, fix”), see there for more) + either Proto-Iranian *dō- (“give”) (from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”)) or Proto-Iranian *dʰē- (“to place, put”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”)).

der

دل گرچه در این بادیه بسیار شتافت
یک موی ندانست ولی موی شکافت
اندر دل من هزار خورشید بتافت
آخر به کمال ذرهای راه نیافت
dil garči dar în bâdiya bisyâr šitâft
yak môy nadânist valî môy šikâft
andar dil-i man hazâr xuršêd bitâft

10th/11th century, attributed to Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr and Avicenna, http://ganjoor.net/abusaeed/robaee-aa/sh165/

Although [this] heart hastened in this desert so much,
A hair was not aware, but passed through hairs.
A thousand of suns shined inside my heart
At the end, it did not reach the smallest bit of excellence.


دوغ

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (dwwg), from Proto-Iranian *dáwgah. Related to دوختن (duxtan), دوشیدن (dušidan, “to milk”). Also compare Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá).


دماغ

head

دماغ • (damâğ)

fa-noun

دماغ • (damâğ)

→ Bengali: দেমাগ (demag)

→ Hindi: दिमाग़ (dimāġ)

→ Urdu: دِمَاغ (dimāġ)

→ Khalaj: damâğ

[d̪æ.mɒ́ːɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ, “brain”).

bor+

(Dari, otherwise archaic) brain, conceit


قلب

قَلْب (canonical)
qalb (romanization)
قلوب (plural)

→ Gujarati: કલ્બ (kalb)

→ Urdu: قَلْب (qalb)


دندان

head

دندان • (dandân) (plural دندانها (dandân-hâ))

→ Bengali: দান্দান (dandan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दन्दान (dandān)

Urdu: دندان (dandān)

→ Old Armenian: դանդան (dandan)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dntʾn'), 𐫅𐫗𐫅𐫀𐫗 (dndʾn /dandān/), from Old Persian *dantā, from Proto-Iranian *Hdántā (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hdántā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dént-ō ~ *h₃dn̥t-nés, from *h₃dent- (“tooth”) + *-ō.


تخم

→ Azerbaijani: toxum

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخم (tohum), توخوم (tohum)

Turkish: tohum

→ Armenian: թոխում (tʻoxum)

→ Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)

→ Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)

→ Urdu: تخم (tuxm)

→ Uyghur: تۇخۇم (tuxum, “egg”)

→ Uzbek: tuxum (“egg”)

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /tōxm/, “seed, line, race”), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥- (taoxman-, “seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“germ, seed, sprout, offspring”). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.


جگر

→ Azerbaijani: cigər

→ Gujarati: જિગર (jigar)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: جِگَر (jigar)

Hindi: जिगर (jigar)

→ Khalaj: cigər

desc

⇒ Kumyk: жигерлилик (jigerlilik, “agility”)

→ Pashto: ځګر (dzigár), ځيګر (dzīgár), جګر (jigar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جكر (ciger)
Turkish: ciğer
→ Armenian: ջիգյար (ǰigyar), ջիգար (ǰigar), ճիյեր (čiyer), ճիկար (čikar)
→ Bulgarian: джиге́р (džigér)
→ Hungarian: zsiger
→ Georgian: ჯიგარი (ǯigari)
→ Greek: τζιγέρι (tzigéri), τζιέρι (tziéri)
→ Macedonian: џигер (džiger)

→ Uyghur: جىگەر (jiger)

→ Uzbek: jigar

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ykl /jagar/), from Old Persian [Term?], from Proto-Iranian *yákr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyákr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).


کچل

kačal (romanization)
کچلم (first-person predicative singular)
kačalam (first-person predicative singular)
کچلیم (first-person plural predicative)
kačalim (first-person plural predicative)
کچلی (predicative second-person singular)
kačali (predicative second-person singular)
کچلید (plural predicative second-person)
kačalid (plural predicative second-person)
کچلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
kačalin (plural predicative second-person)
کچل است (predicative singular third-person)
kačal ast (predicative singular third-person)
کچله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
kačale (predicative singular third-person)
کچلند (plural predicative third-person)
kačaland (plural predicative third-person)
کچلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
kačalan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Armenian: քաչալ (kʻačʻal)

→ Azerbaijani: keçəl

→ Georgian: ქაჩალი (kačali)

desc

→ Udi: каьчаьл (käčäl)

→ Udi: каьчаьл (käčäl)


کچل

head

کِچُل • (kečol)

fa-noun

کِچُل • (kečol)


استخوان

head

اُسْتُخْوَان

اُسْتُخْوَان • (ostoxân)

fa-noun

اُسْتُخْوَان

اُسْتُخْوَان • (ostoxân)

اُسْتُخْوَان (canonical)
ostoxân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: üstüxan

→ Chagatai: استخوان

Uyghur: ئۇستۇخان (ustuxan)

Uzbek: ustuxon

→ Ottoman Turkish: استخوان (üstühan)

→ Urdu: اُسْتُخوان (ustuxvān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsthwʾn' /astuxwān/, “bone”), from Proto-Iranian *HástHáhuānām, a compound from *HástH (“bone”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”).
Cognate with Mazanderani هسکا (hassekā), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”), Latin os.


پشم

head

پشم • (pašm)

fa-noun

پشم • (pašm)

From Proto-Iranian *pášma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *páćšma (“hair, bristles”), from Proto-Indo-European *poḱ-s-mn̥ (“hair, whiskers”), from *peḱ- (“to shear, pluck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (pašman), Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pakṣman).


ابرو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blwk' /brūg/), from Proto-Iranian *HbrúHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HbʰrúHs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs.
Cognates include Northern Kurdish birû, Ossetian ӕрфыг (ærfyg), Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū), Old English brū (English brow), Ancient Greek ὀφρύς (ophrús), Old East Slavic бръвь (brŭvĭ), Proto-Slavic *bry.


مردمک

desc

→ Azerbaijani: mərdümək, mərcimək, mərci

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مردمك (merdümek), مرجمك (mercimek)
Turkish: merdimek, mercimek, mercemek, mürdümük, mürdük, mercek
→ Armenian: մէրճիմէկ (mērčimēk) — Constantinople
→ Bulgarian: мерджеме́к (merdžemék), мержеме́к (meržemék), мермжеме́к (mermžemék), мерджумек (merdžumek)
→ Georgian: მერჯიმეგ (merǯimeg) — Imerkhevi


عرق

head

عَرَق • (araq)

fa-noun

عَرَق • (araq)

→ Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

→ Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند
از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلاب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:

It is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face],
When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.

āfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand
az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulāb


فک

Borrowed from Arabic فَكّ (fakk, “jaw, jawbone”).


ریش

riš (romanization)
ریشها (plural)
ریش (singular)
riš (singular)
ریشها (plural)
riš-hấ (plural)
ریشا (colloquial plural)
rišấ (plural)
ریش را (definite direct-object singular)
riš râ (definite direct-object singular)
ریش رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
rišo (definite direct-object singular)
ریشها را (definite direct-object plural)
riš-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
ریشا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
rišấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
ریش (ezafe singular)
riš-e (ezafe singular)
ریشهای (ezafe plural)
riš-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ریشای (colloquial ezafe plural)
rišấ-ye (ezafe plural)
ریشی (definite relative singular)
ریشی (indefinite singular stressed)
riš-i (definite relative singular)
riš-i (indefinite singular stressed)
ریشهایی (definite plural relative)
ریشهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
rišấn-i, riš-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
ریشایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
ریشایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
rišấi (definite plural relative)
rišấi (indefinite plural stressed)
ریشم (first-person possessive singular)
rišam (first-person possessive singular)
ریشهایم (first-person possessive singular)
riš-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
ریشهام، ریشام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
rišấm (first-person possessive singular)
ریشت (possessive second-person singular)
rišat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rišet (possessive second-person singular)
ریشهایت (possessive second-person singular)
riš-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
ریشهات، ریشات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
rišất (possessive second-person singular)
ریشش (possessive singular third-person)
rišaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rišeš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشهایش (possessive singular third-person)
riš-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشهاش، ریشاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
rišấš (possessive singular third-person)
ریشمان (first-person plural possessive)
rišemân (first-person plural possessive)
ریشمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rišemun (first-person plural possessive)
ریشهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
riš-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
ریشهامون، ریشامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
rišấmun (first-person plural possessive)
ریشتان (plural possessive second-person)
rišetân (plural possessive second-person)
ریشتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rišetun (plural possessive second-person)
ریشهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
riš-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
ریشهاتون، ریشاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
rišấtun (plural possessive second-person)
ریششان (plural possessive third-person)
rišešân (plural possessive third-person)
ریششون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rišešun (plural possessive third-person)
ریشهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
riš-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
ریشهاشون، ریشاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
rišấšun (plural possessive third-person)

Derived from Middle Persian [script needed] (lyš /rēš/, “beard”), probably from Proto-Iranian *xraiša-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreyso-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kre-i-s-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).


اشک

→ Chagatai: اشك (eşk)

→ Gujarati: અશ્ક (aśk)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अश्क (aśk)

Urdu: اشک (aśk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਸ਼ਕ (aśak)

Shahmukhi script: اشک (aśk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اشك (eşk)

A suffixed form of Proto-Iranian *Hácru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱru (“tear”). It may have been borrowed from Parthian 𐫀𐫢𐫐 (ʾšk /ašk/) or some other Iranian language. Doublet of ارس (ars), which was inherited and lacks the suffix. Compare Khotanese [script needed] (āṣka-), Wakhi yašk.


ویتامین

head

ویتامین • (vitâmin) (plural ویتامینها (vitâmin-hâ))

vitâmin (romanization)
ویتامینها (plural)


مغز

→ Gujarati: મગજ (magaj)

→ Hindi: मग़ज़ (maġaz)

→ English: maghaz

→ Ottoman Turkish: مغز (mağz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mzg /mazg/, “brain, marrow”), from Proto-Iranian *mazgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos. Cognate of English marrow.


معده

Borrowed from Arabic مِعْدة (miʕda), alternative vocalisation of commoner مَعِدة (maʕida).


سبیل

head

سبیل • (sebil) (plural سبیلها (sebil-hâ))

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: سبیل (sibil)

→ Gilaki: سبیل (sëbil)

→ Gurani: سمێڵێ (simêllê)

desc

→ Kermanic: sabēl, sebīl, sobēla, sobīl, sobāt

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: سمێڵ (smêll)

Northern Kurdish: simbêl, simêl, sinbêl

→ Khalaj: sibîl

→ Zazaki: zimêli

→? Classical Syriac: ܣܸܢܒܘܼ̈ܠܹܐ (sinbûlî)

Uncertain; probably borrowed from Arabic سِبَال (sibāl), plural of سَبَلَة (sabala, “moustache”). Classical Syriac ܣܸܢܒܘܼ̈ܠܹܐ (sinbûlî) likely an Iranian borrowing.


بروت

→ Kyrgyz: мурут (murut)

→ Turkmen: murt

→ Kazakh: мұрт (mūrt)

→ Uyghur: بۇرۇت (burut)

→ Uzbek: murt, burut


دانه

head

دانه • (dâne)

fa-noun

دانه • (dâne)

→ Gulf Arabic: دَانَة (dāna)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: dənə
→ Armenian: դա̈նա̈ (dänä)

→ Bashkir: дана (dana)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दाना (dānā)

Urdu: دانہ (dāna)

→ Bengali: দানা (dana)

→ Kazakh: дана (dana)

→ Nepali: दाना (dānā)

→ Pashto: دانه (dâna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਣਾ (dāṇā)

→ Rajbanshi: दाना (dānā)

→ Tatar: данә (danä)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانه (tane)
Turkish: tane
→ Armenian: թանե (tʻane)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: та̏не
Latin script: tȁne

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭠𐭭𐭪 (dʾnk' /dānag/), from Proto-Iranian *daHnáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰaHnáH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoHnéh₂. Cognate with Baluchi دانگ (dànag, “pimple”). Doublet of دانگ.


دنده

→ Khalaj: dəndə

From Middle Persian *dandak, equivalent to دند (dand, “tooth”) + ـه (-e).


جمجمه

head

جمجمه • (jomjome) (plural جمجمهها (jomjome-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic جُمْجُمَة (jumjuma).


آلت

head

آلت • (âlat)

fa-noun

آلت • (âlat)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: آلت (ālat), آلہ (ālā)

→ Thai: อะไหล่ (à-lài)


خوی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”) from Proto-Iranian *hwáydah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s from the root *sweyd- (“sweat, to sweat”). Cognate with Baluchi ہید (hed) and English sweat. Doublet of خوید.


دول

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dōl, “bucket; Aquarius”) of Semitic origin, compare Arabic دلو (dalw), Classical Syriac ܕܰܘܠܳܐ (dawlā), Akkadian 𒁕𒇻 (/dalū, dūlu/, “bucket”). Akin to Old Armenian դոյլ (doyl).


نای

From Middle Persian nʾd (nāy, “reed, cane; tube, pipe, flute, clarion”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit नड (naḍá)), from Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”); See Old Armenian նետ (net, “arrow”) for more.


ذکر

head

ذکر • (zakar) (plural ذکور (zokur) or ذکرها (zakar-hâ))

zakar (romanization)
ذکور (plural)
ذکرها (plural)


نیام

نیام • (niyâm)

fa-noun

نیام • (niyâm)

→ Classical Azerbaijani: niyam

→ Pashto: نیام (niyām)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نیام (niyam)

→ Urdu: نِیام (niyām)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐫗𐫏𐫏𐫀𐫖 (nyyʾm), 𐫗𐫏𐫀𐫖 (nyʾm /niyām/). Based on an Old Persian *nidāmān- (“covering, envelope”).
Cognate to Wakhi [script needed] (naẟün, “scabbard”) and Sanskrit निधानम् (nidhānam, “act of laying down, depositing, deposit; keeping; preserving; place where something is deposited or kept, receptacle”).
Also borrowed into Biblical Hebrew נָדָן (nāḏā́n) found in the Tanakh only in 1 Chronicles 21, 27 and into Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, נִידְנַה (niḏnā), נִדְנַה (niḏnā), נִדְנָא (niḏnā), נְדָנָא (nəḏānā), לדְנָא (liḏnā), לְדָנָא (ləḏānā), later contaminated Classical Syriac ܢܺܝܡܳܐ (nīmā, “sheath”).


چرک

head

چرک • (čerk)

fa-noun

چرک • (čerk)

→ Georgian: ჩირქი (čirki)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چرك (çirk)
Turkish: çirk

From Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“black, dirty”).


انتقال‌دهنده عصبی

head

انتقالدهنده عصبی • (enteqâl-dahande-ye 'asabi)

انتقالدهنده عصبی (canonical)
enteqâl-dahande-ye 'asabi (romanization)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːl d̪ä.ɦän̪.d̪ä.jɪ ʔä.sä.biː]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.qɑːl d̪ɑːän̪.d̪ä.jɪ ʔä.sä.biː]

[ʔin̪.t̪ʰi.qɔːl̥ d̪ɔːän̪.d̪ä.ji ʔä.sä.bi]

[ʔen̪.t̪ʰe.ʁɒːl̥ d̪æ.ɦæn̪d̪e.je ʔæ.sæ.biː]

[ʔin̪.t̪ʰi.qɔl d̪ä.ɦän̪.d̪ä.ji ʔä.sä.bi]

fa:انتقال‌دهنده عصبی


بزاق

بزاق • (bozâq)

fa-noun

بزاق • (bozâq)


چل

Alternative form of چهل (čehel, “forty”).


چل

→⇒ Khalaj: çuluk


کرک

A Turkic borrowing, equivalent to Ottoman Turkish كورك (kürk, “fur”).


لبخند

head

لَبخَند • (labxand) (plural لَبخَندها (labxand-hâ))

لَبخَند (canonical)
labxand (romanization)
لَبخَندها (plural)

→ Urdu: لبخند (labxand)

From لب (lab, “lip”) + خند (xand, “laugh”).


خین

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) blood


پوست بیضه

fa:کیسه خایه


کیسه بیضه

fa:کیسه خایه


کیسه خایه

fa:کیسه خایه


لو

Northwestern Iranian variant of لب (lab, “lip”), see it.


گرس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wls /wars/, “hair”), from Proto-Iranian *wálśah, cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀 (var^əsa, “hair (on the head)”), Sogdian [script needed] (wrs /wars/, “hair”) and Northern Kurdish pirç (pirč, “hair on the head”); from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wálćas, cognate with Sanskrit वल्श (válśa, “twig, sprout”); from Proto-Indo-European *wólḱ-o-s, cognate with Proto-Slavic *volsъ (“hair”). Akin to Old Armenian վարս (vars, “hair”) and վարշամակ (varšamak, “handkerchief; headband”), which are Iranian borrowings.


مهره

head

مهره • (mohre) (plural مهرگان (mohregân) or مهرهها (mohre-hâ))

mohre (romanization)
مهرگان (plural)
مهرهها (plural)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Azerbaijani: möhrə
Ottoman Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Turkish: mühre

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwhlk' /muhrag/, “bead, vertebra, piece (in backgammon, etc.)”). Compare Parthian [script needed] (mwhrg /muhrag/). Equivalent to مهر (mohr, “seal”) + ـه (-e). Note especially the meanings of a polished parchment or papyrus found in Arabic مُهْرَق (muhraq), apart from Old Armenian մուրհակ (murhak, “deed”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מוהרק (mūhraq, “writ”) and the many senses of Sanskrit मुद्रा f (mudrā, “seal”), from which the meanings of a bead or shell must be transferred. For comparison, one even derived, by way of an absurd literary meaning-guessing, the sense of a “mirror” for سَجَنْجَل (sajanjal, “glossy papyrus leaves”), the original meaning being a hapax against copious abuse. Akin to Mazanderani میرکا (mirkâ, “bead”).


کف

→ Armenian: քափ (kʻapʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: kəf

→ Georgian: ქაფი (kapi)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kp /kaf/, “foam, slime”); compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapʰas (“phlegm, mucus”). Cognate with Khotanese khavä (“foam”), etc.

cog

حلم ایشان کف بحر حلم ماست / کف رود آید ولی دریا به جاست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2676:

Their clemency is (but) the foam of the sea of My clemency: the foam comes and goes, but the sea is (always) there.

hilm-êšân kaf-i-bahr-i-hilm-i-mâ / kaf rawad âyad wali dariyâ ba jâ-st


تخمدان

head

تخمدان • (toxm-dân) (plural تخمدانها (toxm-dân-hâ))

toxm-dân (romanization)
تخمدانها (plural)

تخم (toxm, “ovum, egg”) + ـدان (-dân, “container”)

af

کیست تخمدان ― kist-e toxm-dân ― ovarian cyst

سرطان تخمدان


طحال

head

طحال • (tahâl) (plural طحالها (tahâl-hâ) or طحل (tohol))

tahâl (romanization)
طحالها (plural)
طحل (plural)

→ Khalaj: tahâl


خمیر دندان

[xä.míːɾ d̪än̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xä.míːɾ d̪än̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xä.míːɾ d̪än̪.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[xä.míɾ d̪än̪.d̪ɔ́ːn]

[xæ.míːɹ d̪æn̪.d̪ɒ́ːn]

[χä.míɾ d̪än̪.d̪ɔ́n]

fa:خمیر دندان


شبکیه

Borrowed from Arabic شَبَكِيَّة (šabakiyya, “retina, reticulum”).

bor+

شبکیه چشم


شیر سویا

head

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)

fa-noun

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)


شیر گاو

head

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)

fa-noun

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)


شهلا

head

شهلا • (šahlâ)

fa-proper noun

شهلا • (šahlâ)

Borrowed from Arabic شَهْلَاء (šahlāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْهَل (ʔašhal).

a female given name, Shahla, from Arabic


استروژن

head

استروژن • (estrožen)

fa-noun

استروژن • (estrožen)


مزلنگ

head

مزلنگ • (mezleng) (plural مزلنگها (mezleng-hâ))


ویتامین ث

fa:ویتامین ث


ویتامین دی

fa:ویتامین دی


دندان مصنوعی

fa:دندان مصنوعی


تستوسترون

fa:تستوسترون


نهره

→ Azerbaijani: nehrə

Ultimately of Semitic origin; if not from Arabic نَهْر (nahr, “river”) by a multistep semantic change as in river → liquid → milk → churn, from Aramaic נַהְרָא / ܢܰܗܪܴܐ (nahrā, “river”) in the sense of canal pertinent to urbanized Mesopotamia used figuratively for the passageway of milk.

bor

Aramaic נַהְרָא


ختو

Tenth century, via Karakhanid خُتُو (χutū) from Middle Chinese 骨咄 (MC kwot twot|twat), from Khitan 榾柮犀 (MC kwot twot|dzwat sej) recorded in the History of Liao.

horn of narwhal, walrus and certain such animals


آغوز

head

آغوز • (âğuz)

fa-noun

آغوز • (âğuz)

Borrowed from Turkic, Ottoman Turkish آغز (ağız), ultimately Proto-Turkic *aguŕ.


صفرا

head

صفرا • (safrâ)

fa-noun

صفرا • (safrâ)

Borrowed from Arabic صَفْرَاء (ṣafrāʔ), feminine singular of أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar).

از قضا سرکنگبین صفرا فزود
روغن بادام خشکی مینمود
از هلیله قبض شد اطلاق رفت
آب آتش را مدد شد همچو نفت

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 52—53:

By Divine destiny, oxymel increased the bile,
and oil of almonds was producing dryness.
From [giving] myrobalan constipation resulted, relaxation ceased;
And water fed the flames, like naphtha.

az qazā sirkangabin safrā fuzūd
rōğan-i bādām xuškī mē-nimūd
az halīla qabz šud itlāq raft
āb ātaš rā madad šud hamčō naft


حدقه

Borrowed from Arabic حَدَقَة (ḥadaqa, “pupil”).


شهلاچشم

fa-adj

شهلاچشم • (šahlâčešm)

[ʃäɦ.lɑː.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[ʃäɦ.lɑː.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[ʃɑː.lɑː.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[ʃɔː.lɔː.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[ʃæɦ.lɒː.t͡ʃʰeʃm]

[ʃäɦ.lɔ.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

From شهلا (šahlâ, “dark blue mixed with red”) + چشم (češm, “eye”).

compound

شهلا شهلا#Persian


سرخ‌چشم

fa-adj

سرخچشم • (sorx-češm)

سرخچشم (canonical)
sorx-češm (romanization)

[sʊɾx.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[sʊɾx.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[sʊɾx.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

[suɾχ.t͡ʃʰäʃm]

From سرخ (sorx, “red”) + چشم (češm, “eye”).


سیاه‌چشم

سیاهچشم • (siyâh-češm)

سیاهچشم (canonical)
siyâh-češm (romanization)

From سیاه (siyâh, “black”) + چشم (češm, “eye”).


گش

Cognate to Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”), विषा (viṣā, “Aconitum ferox”), whence بیش (biš, “aconite”).


بیده

head

بیده • (bīda)

fa-noun

بیده • (bīda)

Also Pashto بيده (bēdá) in the same meaning. The same root as in Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”), extension of Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to wind”).

der

2015, غلامرضا داشاب, علی اصغر اسلمی نژاد, محمدرضا نصیری, علی اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه, داود علی ساقی, “بررسی فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و محیطی بر وزن بیده و خصوصیات الیاف پشم گوسفند بلوچی”, in نشریه پژوهش و سازندگی [Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi], volume 28, number 107, →DOI, pages 87–100:

2022, ملیکا صمد پور, سعید حسنی, مجنبی آذری آهنی, فاطمه بحری بیناباج, علیرضا خان احمدی, “تجزیه و تحلیل ژنتیکی خصوصیات بیده پشم گوسفندان بلوچی و ایران بلک”, in در نشخوار کنندگان, volume 10, number 3, →DOI, pages 111–126:

(Dari) fleece, an amount of wool cut from a sheep


زهدان

head

زهدان • (zehdân)

fa-noun

زهدان • (zehdân)


موی‌لب

head

مویلب • (môylab)

fa-noun

مویلب • (môylab)

→ Uzbek: moʻylov

From موی (môy, “hair”) + لب (lab, “lip”).