نان

→ Baluchi: نان (nán) (reborrowing)

→ Bengali: নান (nan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नान (nān)

Urdu: نان (nān)

→ Kazakh: нан (nan)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نان (nan)

Turkish: nan

→ Pashto: نان (nān) (reborrowing)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਨ (nān)

→ Sindhi: نان (nānu)

desctree

→ Uyghur: نان (nan)
→ Mandarin: 饢／馕 (náng)

→ Uzbek: non

From Middle Persian LHMA (nān, “bread, food”), from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *nagna-.
Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nγn- /naγn/, “bread”), Manichaean Parthian ngn (naγn), Khotanese [script needed] (nāṃji), Northern Kurdish nan, Zazaki nan, Central Kurdish نان (nan), Northern Luri نۆ (nø), Baluchi نگن (nagan), Pashto نغن (naγan), Laki نان (nan), Natanzi نون (nun), Gurani [script needed] (nāna), [script needed] (nān, “bread, food”), Sanskrit नग्नहु (nagnahu), and possibly the Old Armenian loanword նկան (nkan).


شیر

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /šagr, šēr/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.


شیر

šir (romanization)
شیرم (first-person possessive singular)
širam (first-person possessive singular)
شیرمان (first-person plural possessive)
širemân (first-person plural possessive)
Term? (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
širemun (first-person plural possessive)
شیرت (possessive second-person singular)
širat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
širet (possessive second-person singular)
شیرتان (plural possessive second-person)
širetân (plural possessive second-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
širetun (plural possessive second-person)
شیرش (possessive singular third-person)
širaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
šireš (possessive singular third-person)
شیرشان (plural possessive third-person)
širešân (plural possessive third-person)
Term? (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
širešun (plural possessive third-person)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /šīr/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

کمی شیر اضافه کن


چپاتی

head

چپاتی • (čapâti)

fa-noun

چپاتی • (čapâti)

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰɑː.t̪ʰíː]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰɔː.t̪ʰí]

[t͡ʃʰæ.pʰɒː.t̪ʰíː]

[t͡ʃʰä.pʰɔ.t̪ʰí]


چای

desc

→ Arabic: شَاي (šāy), صَاي (ṣāy), صَا (ṣā)

→ Amharic: ሻይ (šay)

→ Gulay: sáȳ, sáyā

→ Hausa: shāyì

→ Nupe: shayì

→ Hijazi Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Libyan Arabic: شاهي (šāhi)

→ Mango: sáỳ

→ Gulf Arabic: چاي

→ Swahili: chai

→ Mabaan: caayi

→ Aramaic: ܟ݈ܐܝ (chai)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाय (cāy), चा (cā)

Urdu: چای (ćāy), چا (cā)

→ Kalasha: čay

→ Khalaj: čây

→ Konkani: चा (cā), च्या (cyā)

→ Malayalam: ചായ (cāya)

→ Marathi: चहा (cahā)

→ Mongolian: цай (caj) ᠴᠠᠢ (čai)

→ Odia: ଚା (cā)

→ Pashto: چای (čây)

→ Punjabi: ਚਾਹ (cāh) / چاہ (cāh)

→ Sindhi: چانھ (čānhi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چای (çay) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: çaý

From possibly چا + ـی or Chinese 茶葉／茶叶 (cháyè).


قاشق

qâšoq (romanization)
qâšeq (romanization)

→ Iraqi Arabic: خاشوغه (xāšūga)

→ Pashto: کاچوغه (kāčúǧa), قاشوغه (kāšúǧa)

→ Punjabi: ਕਾਸਕ (kāsak) (uncommon)

Borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish قاشق (qašuq, qašıq).

bor+

قاشق چایخوری

قاشق غذاخوری


نمک

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮਕ (namak)

Shahmukhi script: نمک (namak)


پنیر

head

پنیر • (panir) (plural پنیرها (panir-hâ))

→ Assamese: পনিৰ (ponir)

→ Azerbaijani: pendir, peynir

→ Baluchi: پنیر (paner)

→ Bengali: পনীর (pônīr)

→ Gujarati: પનીર (panīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पनीर (panīr)

Urdu: پنیر (panīr)

→ Khalaj: pənîr

→ Malay: panir, ڤانير

→ Malayalam: പനീര് (panīṟ)

→ Nepali: पनीर (panīra)

→ Dzongkha: པ་ནིར (pa nir)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: پنیر (penîr), پینیر (peynîr)

Turkish: peynir, (dialectal) pendir

→ Romani: pendír

→ Zazaki: pendîr, peynir

→ Pashto: پنیر (panir)

→ Wakhi: pənir

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਨੀਰ (panīr)

Shahmukhi script: پنیر (panīr)

→ Sindhi: پنير

→ Turkmen: peýnir

From Middle Persian pnyl (panīr); see there for further information.


قرمه سبزی

قرمه سبزی با پلو ― qorme sabzi bâ polow ― ghormeh sabzi with pilaf

ghormeh sabzi, an Iranian green herb stew

fa:قرمه سبزی


کوکو

Persian-style egg dish, somewhat comparable to Italian frittata or French quiche.


پلو

پِلَاوْ (pilāw):

→ Azerbaijani: plov

→ Bashkir: былау (bılaw)

→? Gujarati: પલાવ (palāv)

→ Kazakh: палау (palau)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلاو (pilav)
Turkish: pilav
→ Albanian: pilaf
→ Armenian: փլավ (pʻlav)
→ English: pilaf
→ Macedonian: пилаф (pilaf)
→ Romanian: pilaf
→ Serbo-Croatian: pìlāv
→ Slovak: pilaf

→ Bengali: পোলাও (pōlaō)

→ Georgian: ფლავი (plavi)

→ Uyghur: پولۇ (polu)

From earlier Classical Persian پِلَاوْ (pilāw) / پَلَاوْ (palāw), borrowed from Hindustani पुलाव (pulāv) / پُلاؤ (pulāv), from Sanskrit पुलाक (pulāka, “lump of boiled rice”).
The term is said to be of Dravidian origin; compare Kannada ಪುೞ್ಗಿ (puḻgi, “a rice dish”), Malayalam പുഴുങ്ങുക (puḻuṅṅuka, “to be boiling”), Tamil புழுக்கல் (puḻukkal, “cooked rice”), and Telugu పులగము (pulagamu, “a dish made with rice and lentils”).
Compare पुलाक (pulāka)'s inhertied descendants Gujarati પુલાવ (pulāv) and Punjabi ਪੁਲਾਉ (pulāu) / پُلاؤ (pulāu).

cog

pilaf (a dish of boiled rice then steamed with other ingredients)


کباب

head

کباب • (kabâb) (plural کبابها (kabâb-hâ))

→ Bengali: কাবাব (kabab), কবাব (kobab)

→ Chagatai: کباب (kabāb)

Uyghur: كاۋاپ (kawap)

Uzbek: kabob

→ Gujarati: કબાબ (kabāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कबाब (kabāb)

Urdu: کباب (kabāb)

→ Kazakh: кәуап (käuap), кәуәп (käuäp)

→ Kyrgyz: кебеп (kebep)

→ Marathi: कबाब (kabāb)

→ Pashto: کباب (kabãb)

→ Punjabi: ਕਬਾਬ (kabāb)

→ Sarikoli: kabub

→ Tatar: кәбаб (käbab)

→ Yazghulami: kabób

[kʰʲæ.bɒːb̥]


آش

→ Gulf Arabic: آش (āš)

desc

→ English: aush, aash, āsh, ash, āshe, ashe, osh

Perhaps from a Turkic language, see Common Turkic *aš, however there seems to be an unexplained mismatch in vowel length.
Compare Azerbaijani aş, Bashkir аш (aş), Yakut ас (as).
Alternatively, inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/āš/), a hapax legomenon found in the Vendidad, although this word is claimed to be misread.
Connections with Sanskrit आश (āśa, “food”) are also sometimes proposed, but the correspondance would not be regular.


زعفران

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: zəfəran
→ Georgian: ზაფარან (zaparan) — Ingilo

→ Bengali: জাফরান (japhoran)

desc

→ Georgian: ზაფარანი (zaparani) — Fereydan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)

Urdu: زعفران (zāfrān)

→ Sindhi: زعفران

→ Sindhi: زعفران

Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).


ته‌دیگ

تهدیگ (canonical)
tah-dig (romanization)
tah-dêg (romanization)

→ Urdu: تہ دیگ (tah deg)

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰɑː.d̪eːɡ]

[t̪ʰɔː.d̪eːɡ̥]

[t̪ʰæɦ.d̪iːɡʲ̥]

[t̪ʰäɦ.d̪eɡ]

From Classical Persian ته (tah) + دیگ (dēg).


دوغ

Borrowed from Parthian [Manichaean needed] (dwwg), from Proto-Iranian *dáwgah. Related to دوختن (duxtan), دوشیدن (dušidan, “to milk”). Also compare Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá).


رم

→ Pashto: رم (ram)

Likely from Middle Persian *hram, borrowed from Parthian *hram (“fear, terror”), from Proto-Iranian *θráhma. Doublet of سهم (sahm, “fear”).

(especially of animals, birds) shying, taking off from fright


گلاب

head

گلاب • (golâb)

fa-noun

گلاب • (golâb)

desctree

→ Arabic: جُلَاب (julāb)
→ Aragonese: julepe
→ Asturian: xulepe
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουλάπιν (zoulápin)
→ English: julep
→ French: julep
→ Russian: щуле́пъ (ščulép), шуле́пъ (šulép, “a kind of gingerbread”)
→ Georgian: ჯულაბი (ǯulabi)
→ Gujarati: જુલાબ (julāb), જુલ્લાબ (jullāb)
→ Italian: giulebbe
→ Maltese: ġulepp
→ Middle Armenian: ճուլապ (čulap), ճուլլապ (čullap)
→ Old Catalan: julep
Catalan: julep
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: jalepe
→ Portuguese: julepe, julepo
→ Old Spanish: julepe
Spanish: julepe
→ Sicilian: gileppu, cileppu

→ Azerbaijani: gülab

→ Gujarati: ગુલાબ (gulāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुलाब (gulāb)

Urdu: گُلاب (gulāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲਾਬ (gulāb)

Shahmukhi script: گلاب (gulāb)

desc

гуля́фная вода́

→ Russian: гуля́фная вода́ (guljáfnaja vodá), гуля́ф (guljáf)

→ Thai: กุหลาบ (gù-làap)

→ Uzbek: gulob

[ɡ̥o.lɒ́ːb̥]

From گل (gol, “rose”) + آب (âb, “water”).


قهوه

head

قَهْوِه • (qahve) (plural قهوهها (qahve-hâ))

قَهْوِه (canonical)
qahve (romanization)
قهوهها (plural)

Tajik: қаҳва (qahva)

→ Gujarati: કહવા (kahvā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हवा (qahvā)

Urdu: قَہْوَہ (qahva)

→ Punjabi: قَہْوَہ (qahvah)

→ Sindhi: قَهِوو (qahivo)


چس فیل

Perhaps from the brand name "Chesterfield" (the first brand of popcorn imported into Iran) conflated with the Persian words چس + فیل, literally meaning "elephant's farts".


نانوا

نانوا • (nânvâ) (plural نانواها (nânvâ-hâ) or نانوایان (nânvâyân))

nânvâ (romanization)
نانواها (plural)
نانوایان (plural)

From earlier نانبا (nânbâ), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭠𐭭𐭯𐭠𐭪 (nānbāg, “baker”).

بهر نان شخصی سوی نانوا دوید / داد جان چون حسن نانوا را بدید

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2785:

A person ran to the baker for bread: on seeing the beauty of the baker, he gave up the ghost.

bahr-i-nân šaxs-i suy-i nânwâ dawîd / dâd jân čôn husn-i-nânwâ râ ba-dîd


آبلیمو

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

fa-noun

آبلیمو • (âblimu)

From آب + لیمو.


بامیه

head

بامیه • (bâmiye)

fa-noun

بامیه • (bâmiye)

Likely related to Arabic بَامِيَة (bāmiya); see there for more. The sweet is named for its resemblance to the vegetable.


زیره

→ Azerbaijani: zirə / زیره, cirə

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़ीरा (zīrā)

Urdu: زیرہ (zīrā)

→ Kashmiri: زیره / ज़ीर (zīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیره (zîre)

→ Russian: зира (zira)

→ Ukrainian: зіра (zira) (not directly)

→ Uyghur: زىرە (zire)

→ Chinese: 孜然 (zīrán)

Cognate with Baluchi زیرگ (zirrag), Northern Kurdish zîre, Central Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Southern Kurdish زیرە (zîre), Sogdian [script needed] (zyr'kk /zîrê/), and distantly with Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).


فلفل

head

فلفل • (felfel) (plural فلفلها (felfel-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic فِلْفِل (filfil), from Persian پلپل (pelpel), from Indo-Aryan. Compare Old Armenian պղպեղ (płpeł), պղպիղ (płpił) and Georgian პილპილი (ṗilṗili), Iranian borrowings.

pepper (including sweet peppers, chilis as well as black pepper)


شیرینی

شیرینی • (širini)

fa-noun

شیرینی • (širini)


ناهار

fa-adj

ناهار • (nâhâr)

The adjective is most probably from ناـ (nâ-, “non-, un-”) + آهار (âhâr, “food, stew”), exactly equivalent to Sanskrit अनाहार (anāhāra, “not taking food, abstinent”). Compare also Old Armenian նիհար (nihar), an Iranian borrowing. The Persian dictionaries derive the noun for “lunch” from this adjective, saying that it originally referred to something eaten on an empty stomach (breakfast). On the other hand, John R. Perry (emerite professor of Persian at the University of Chicago) derives the noun from Arabic نَهار (nahār, “day, daytime”) with a vocalic assimilation that is not unusual in Persian; compare colloquial چاهار (čâhâr) for چهار (čahâr). In fact, both the noun and the adjective were also formerly spelt نهار (nahâr). It might be hypothesised that the inherited word was associated with the Arabic based on the parallelism with Persian روزه (ruze, “fasting”), which is eventually derived from روز (ruz, “day”). Compare also شام (šâm, “supper”, originally “evening”).


گز

→ Middle Armenian: գազ (gaz), կազ (kaz)

→ Azerbaijani: gəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)

Turkish: gez

→ Crimean Tatar: gez

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gc /gaz/, “tamarisk”). Compare Old Armenian գազ (gaz, “milkvetch”), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

a kind of confectionary which is a speciality of Isfahan and is similar to nougat, gaz – made from tragacanth and other gums of various manna trees


عسل

→ Khalaj: əsəl

→ Urdu: عسل (asal)


سماق

head

سماق • (somâq)

fa-noun

سماق • (somâq)


روغن

head

روغن • (rowğan or rôğan) (plural روغنها (rowğan-hâ))

rowğan (romanization)
rôğan (romanization)
روغنها (plural)

Dari: روغَن (rōğan)

Iranian Persian: رَوغَن (rowğan)

Tajik: равған (ravġan)

→ Gujarati: રોગાન (rogān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रौग़न (rauġan)

Urdu: رَوغَن (rauġan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: روغن (revgan, rugan)
Turkish: rugan

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwkn' /rōγn/, “oil; butter”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwgnah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwgʰnas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *réwgʰ-no-s (“cream”), from *rewgʰ- + *-nos, from *rew- (“to tear, dig, churn”). Cognate with Mazanderani راغون (rağun, “oil”), Central Kurdish ڕۆن (ron, “oil”), Shughni рӯған (rūɣan, “butter, grease”), Pashto روغن (roğán), Zazaki ruwen.

inh

روغن آرگان ― rowğan-e ârgân ― argan oil

روغن زیتون

روغن نخل

روغن گاو

oil (liquid fat); (of mammals) butter; ghee

روغن ریخته جمع نمیشود

No use crying over spilled milk; Spilled oil can't be collected


کره

→ Khalaj: kara

From Middle Persian *karag. Related to Middle Armenian կարագ (karag) and Arabic كَرَج (karaj).


کوکاکولا

head

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)

fa-noun

کوکاکولا • (kokâkolâ)


آبجو

head

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

fa-noun

آبْجُو • (âbjow)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈd͡ʒaw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɑːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɔːb.d͡ʒǽw]

[ʔɒːb.d͡ʒów]


اسپاگتی

head

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

fa-noun

اسپاگتی • (espâgeti)

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]

[ʔɪs.pʰɑː.ɡɪ.t̪ʰiː]


آب میوه

head

آب میوه • (âb mive)

fa-noun

آب میوه • (âb mive)


جین

Jin (a family name and a female and male given name)


پختن

poxtan (romanization)
پز (present stem)
پختن (infinitive)
poxtán (infinitive)
پز (present stem)
paz (present stem)
پخت (past stem)
poxt (past stem)
پزنده (participle present)
pazandé (participle present)
پخته (participle past)
poxté (participle past)
پزم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pazam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پزی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pazi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پزد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
pazad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پزیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pazim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پزید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pazid (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پزند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pazand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپزم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-pazam (first-person indicative present singular)
میپزی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-pazi (indicative present second-person singular)
میپزد (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-pazad (indicative present singular third-person)
میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-pazim (first-person indicative plural present)
میپزید (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-pazid (indicative plural present second-person)
میپزند (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-pazand (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میپزم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-pazam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میپزی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-pazi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
دارد میپزد (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấrad mí-pazad (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-pazim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارید میپزید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrid mí-pazid (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارند میپزند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấrand mí-pazand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پختهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
poxté-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پختهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
poxté-i (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پخته است (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
poxté ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پختهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
poxté-im (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پختهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
poxté-id (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پختهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
poxté-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پختم (first-person indicative past singular)
poxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
پختی (indicative past second-person singular)
poxti (indicative past second-person singular)
پخت (indicative past singular third-person)
poxt (indicative past singular third-person)
پختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
poxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
پختید (indicative past plural second-person)
poxtid (indicative past plural second-person)
پختند (indicative past plural third-person)
poxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
میپختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-poxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
میپختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-poxti (indicative past second-person singular)
میپخت (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-poxt (indicative past singular third-person)
میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-poxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
میپختید (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-poxtid (indicative past plural second-person)
میپختند (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-poxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میپختم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-poxtam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میپختی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-poxti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میپخت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dâšt mí-poxt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-poxtim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتید میپختید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštid mí-poxtid (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتند میپختند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštand mí-poxtand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
poxté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
poxté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پخته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
poxté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
poxté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پخته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
poxté búdid (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پخته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
poxté búdand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم پخت (first-person future indicative singular)
xâhám poxt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی پخت (future indicative second-person singular)
xâhí poxt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد پخت (future indicative singular third-person)
xâhád poxt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم پخت (first-person future indicative plural)
xâhím poxt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید پخت (future indicative plural second-person)
xâhíd poxt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند پخت (future indicative plural third-person)
xâhánd poxt (future indicative plural third-person)
بپزم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bépazam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپزی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bépazi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپزد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bépazad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپزیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bépazim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپزید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bépazid (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپزند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bépazand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
poxté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
poxté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پخته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
poxté bấšad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
poxté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پخته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
poxté bấšid (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پخته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
poxté bấšand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپز (imperative second-person singular)
bépaz (imperative second-person singular)
بپزید (imperative plural second-person)
bépazid (imperative plural second-person)
پختن (infinitive)
poxtán (infinitive)
پز (present stem)
paz (present stem)
پخت (past stem)
poxt (past stem)
پزنده (participle present)
pazandé (participle present)
پخته (participle past)
poxté (participle past)
پزم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pazam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پزی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pazi (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پزه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
paze (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پزیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pazim (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پزین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pazin (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پزن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pazan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپزم (first-person indicative present singular)
mí-pazam (first-person indicative present singular)
میپزی (indicative present second-person singular)
mí-pazi (indicative present second-person singular)
میپزه (indicative present singular third-person)
mí-paze (indicative present singular third-person)
میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mí-pazim (first-person indicative plural present)
میپزین (indicative plural present second-person)
mí-pazin (indicative plural present second-person)
میپزن (indicative plural present third-person)
mí-pazan (indicative plural present third-person)
دارم میپزم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dấram mí-pazam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
داری میپزی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dấri mí-pazi (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
داره میپزه (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dấre mí-paze (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
داریم میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dấrim mí-pazim (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
دارین میپزین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dấrin mí-pazin (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
دارن میپزن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dấran mí-pazan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پختهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
poxtám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پختهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
poxtí (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پخته (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
poxté (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پختهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
poxtím (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پختهاین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
poxtín (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پختهان (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
poxtán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پختم (first-person indicative past singular)
poxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
پختی (indicative past second-person singular)
poxti (indicative past second-person singular)
پخت (indicative past singular third-person)
poxt (indicative past singular third-person)
پختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
poxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
پختین (indicative past plural second-person)
poxtin (indicative past plural second-person)
پختن (indicative past plural third-person)
poxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
میپختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mí-poxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
میپختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mí-poxti (indicative past second-person singular)
میپخت (indicative past singular third-person)
mí-poxt (indicative past singular third-person)
میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mí-poxtim (first-person indicative past plural)
میپختین (indicative past plural second-person)
mí-poxtin (indicative past plural second-person)
میپختن (indicative past plural third-person)
mí-poxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
داشتم میپختم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dấštam mí-poxtam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
داشتی میپختی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dấšti mí-poxti (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
داشت میپخت (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dấšt mí-poxt (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
داشتیم میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dấštim mí-poxtim (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
داشتین میپختین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dấštin mí-poxtin (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
داشتن میپختن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dấštan mí-poxtan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
poxté búdam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
poxté búdi (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پخته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
poxté bud (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
poxté búdim (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پخته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
poxté búdin (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پخته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
poxté búdan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
بپزم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bépazam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپزی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bépazi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپزه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bépaze (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپزیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bépazim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپزین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bépazin (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپزن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bépazan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
poxté bấšam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
poxté bấši (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پخته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
poxté bấše (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
poxté bấšim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پخته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
poxté bấšin (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پخته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
poxté bấšan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپز (imperative second-person singular)
bépaz (imperative second-person singular)
بپزین (imperative plural second-person)
bépazin (imperative plural second-person)
پختن (infinitive)
puxtán (infinitive)
پز (present stem)
paz (present stem)
پخت (past stem)
puxt (past stem)
پزنده (participle present)
pazindá (participle present)
پخته (participle past)
puxtá (participle past)
پزم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pazam (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پزی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pazī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پزد (aorist indicative singular third-person)
pazad (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پزیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pazēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پزید (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pazēd (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پزند (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pazand (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپزم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-pazam (first-person indicative present singular)
میپزی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-pazī (indicative present second-person singular)
میپزد (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-pazad (indicative present singular third-person)
میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-pazēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میپزید (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-pazēd (indicative plural present second-person)
میپزند (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-pazand (indicative plural present third-person)
در حال پختن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
dar hāl-i puxtan astam (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
در حال پختن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i puxtan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
در حال پختن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
در حال پختن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
dar hāl-i puxtan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
در حال پختن استید (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan astēd (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
در حال پختن استند (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan astand (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پختهام (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
puxtá-am (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پختهای (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
puxtá-ī (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پختهاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
puxtá ast (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پختهایم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
puxtá-ēn (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پختهاید (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
puxtá-ēd (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پختهاند (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
puxtá-and (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پختم (first-person indicative past singular)
puxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
پختی (indicative past second-person singular)
puxtī (indicative past second-person singular)
پخت (indicative past singular third-person)
puxt (indicative past singular third-person)
پختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
puxtēm (first-person indicative past plural)
پختید (indicative past plural second-person)
puxtēd (indicative past plural second-person)
پختند (indicative past plural third-person)
puxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
میپختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-puxtam (first-person indicative past singular)
میپختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-puxtī (indicative past second-person singular)
میپخت (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-puxt (indicative past singular third-person)
میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-puxtēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میپختید (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-puxtēd (indicative past plural second-person)
میپختند (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-puxtand (indicative past plural third-person)
در حال پختن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
dar hāl-i puxtan būdam (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
در حال پختن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
dar hāl-i puxtan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
در حال پختن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
در حال پختن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
dar hāl-i puxtan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
در حال پختن بودید (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan būdēd (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
در حال پختن بودند (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
dar hāl-i puxtan būdand (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
puxtá bū́dam (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
puxtá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پخته بود (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
puxtá būd (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
puxtá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پخته بودید (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
puxtá bū́dēd (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پخته بودند (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
puxtá bū́dand (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خواهم پخت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāhám puxt (first-person future indicative singular)
خواهی پخت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāhī́ puxt (future indicative second-person singular)
خواهد پخت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāhád puxt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواهیم پخت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāhḗm puxt (first-person future indicative plural)
خواهید پخت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāhḗd puxt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواهند پخت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāhánd puxt (future indicative plural third-person)
بپزم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bípazam (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپزی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bípazī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپزد (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bípazad (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپزیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bípazēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپزید (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bípazēd (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپزند (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bípazand (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پخته باشد (past singular subjunctive third-person)
puxtá bā́šad (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پخته باشید (past plural second-person subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šēd (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پخته باشند (past plural subjunctive third-person)
puxtá bā́šand (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپز (imperative second-person singular)
bípaz (imperative second-person singular)
بپزید (imperative plural second-person)
bípazēd (imperative plural second-person)
پختن (infinitive)
puxtán (infinitive)
پز (present stem)
paz (present stem)
پخت (past stem)
puxt (past stem)
پزنده (participle present)
pazindá (participle present)
پخته (participle past)
puxtá (participle past)
پزم (aorist first-person indicative singular)
pazum (aorist first-person indicative singular)
پزی (aorist indicative second-person singular)
pazī (aorist indicative second-person singular)
پزه (aorist indicative singular third-person)
paza (aorist indicative singular third-person)
پزیم (aorist first-person indicative plural)
pazēm (aorist first-person indicative plural)
پزین (aorist indicative plural second-person)
pazēn (aorist indicative plural second-person)
پزن (aorist indicative plural third-person)
pazan (aorist indicative plural third-person)
میپزم (first-person indicative present singular)
mḗ-pazum (first-person indicative present singular)
میپزی (indicative present second-person singular)
mḗ-pazī (indicative present second-person singular)
میپزه (indicative present singular third-person)
mḗ-paza (indicative present singular third-person)
میپزیم (first-person indicative plural present)
mḗ-pazēm (first-person indicative plural present)
میپزین (indicative plural present second-person)
mḗ-pazēn (indicative plural present second-person)
میپزن (indicative plural present third-person)
mḗ-pazan (indicative plural present third-person)
ده آل پختن استم (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
da āl-i puxtan astum (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
ده آل پختن استی (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i puxtan astī (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
ده آل پختن است (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i puxtan ast (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
ده آل پختن استیم (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
da āl-i puxtan astēm (first-person indicative plural present progressive)
ده آل پختن استین (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
da āl-i puxtan astēn (indicative plural present progressive second-person)
ده آل پختن استن (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
da āl-i puxtan astan (indicative plural present progressive third-person)
پختم (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
puxtám (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
پختی (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
puxtī́ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
پختاست (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
puxtást (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
پختیم (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
puxtḗm (first-person indicative perfect plural present)
پختین (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
puxtḗn (indicative perfect plural present second-person)
پختن (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
puxtán (indicative perfect plural present third-person)
پختم (first-person indicative past singular)
puxtum (first-person indicative past singular)
پختی (indicative past second-person singular)
puxtī (indicative past second-person singular)
پخته (indicative past singular third-person)
puxta (indicative past singular third-person)
پختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
puxtēm (first-person indicative past plural)
پختین (indicative past plural second-person)
puxtēn (indicative past plural second-person)
پختن (indicative past plural third-person)
puxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
میپختم (first-person indicative past singular)
mḗ-puxtum (first-person indicative past singular)
میپختی (indicative past second-person singular)
mḗ-puxtī (indicative past second-person singular)
میپخته (indicative past singular third-person)
mḗ-puxta (indicative past singular third-person)
میپختیم (first-person indicative past plural)
mḗ-puxtēm (first-person indicative past plural)
میپختین (indicative past plural second-person)
mḗ-puxtēn (indicative past plural second-person)
میپختن (indicative past plural third-person)
mḗ-puxtan (indicative past plural third-person)
ده آل پختن بودم (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
da āl-i puxtan būdum (first-person indicative past progressive singular)
ده آل پختن بودی (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
da āl-i puxtan būdī (indicative past progressive second-person singular)
ده آل پختن بود (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
da āl-i puxtan būd (indicative past progressive singular third-person)
ده آل پختن بودیم (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
da āl-i puxtan būdēm (first-person indicative past plural progressive)
ده آل پختن بودین (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
da āl-i puxtan būdēn (indicative past plural progressive second-person)
ده آل پختن بودن (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
da āl-i puxtan būdan (indicative past plural progressive third-person)
پخته بودم (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
puxtá bū́dum (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
پخته بودی (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
puxtá bū́dī (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
پخته بوده (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
puxtá būda (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
پخته بودیم (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
puxtá bū́dēm (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
پخته بودین (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
puxtá bū́dēn (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
پخته بودن (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
puxtá bū́dan (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
خوایم پخت (first-person future indicative singular)
xāyyúm puxt (first-person future indicative singular)
خوایی پخت (future indicative second-person singular)
xāyyī́ puxt (future indicative second-person singular)
خوایه پخت (future indicative singular third-person)
xāyyá puxt (future indicative singular third-person)
خواییم پخت (first-person future indicative plural)
xāyyḗm puxt (first-person future indicative plural)
خوایین پخت (future indicative plural second-person)
xāyyḗn puxt (future indicative plural second-person)
خواین پخت (future indicative plural third-person)
xāyyán puxt (future indicative plural third-person)
بپزم (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bípazum (first-person present singular subjunctive)
بپزی (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bípazī (present second-person singular subjunctive)
بپزه (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bípaza (present singular subjunctive third-person)
بپزیم (first-person plural present subjunctive)
búpazēm (first-person plural present subjunctive)
بپزین (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bípazēn (plural present second-person subjunctive)
بپزن (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bípazan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشم (first-person past singular subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šam (first-person past singular subjunctive)
پخته باشی (past second-person singular subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šī (past second-person singular subjunctive)
پخته باشه (past singular subjunctive third-person)
puxtá bā́ša (past singular subjunctive third-person)
پخته باشیم (first-person past plural subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šēm (first-person past plural subjunctive)
پخته باشین (past plural second-person subjunctive)
puxtá bā́šēn (past plural second-person subjunctive)
پخته باشن (past plural subjunctive third-person)
puxtá bā́šan (past plural subjunctive third-person)
بپز (imperative second-person singular)
bípaz (imperative second-person singular)
بپزین (imperative plural second-person)
bípazēn (imperative plural second-person)

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پختن</i> (poxtán) (literary Iranian Persian)

داشتیم میپختیم

داشتم میپختم

داشتید میپختید

داشتی میپختی

داشتند میپختند

داریم میپزیم

دارید میپزید

دارند میپزند

fa-conj-colloq-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پختن</i> (poxtán) (colloquial Tehrani)

داشتیم میپختیم

داشتم میپختم

داشتین میپختین

داشتی میپختی

داشتن میپختن

داریم میپزیم

دارین میپزین

fa-conj-head

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پختن</i> (puxtán) (literary Dari Persian)

در حال پختن بودیم

در حال پختن بودم

در حال پختن بودید

در حال پختن بودی

در حال پختن بودند

در حال پختن بود

در حال پختن استیم

در حال پختن استم

در حال پختن استید

در حال پختن استی

در حال پختن استند

در حال پختن است

Conjugation of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">پختن</i> (puxtán) (colloquial Kabuli)

ده آل پختن بودیم

ده آل پختن بودم

ده آل پختن بودین

ده آل پختن بودی

ده آل پختن بودن

ده آل پختن بود

ده آل پختن استیم

ده آل پختن استم

ده آل پختن استین

ده آل پختن استی

ده آل پختن استن

ده آل پختن است

From Proto-Iranian *pačati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *páčati, from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”).
Cognates with Mazanderani بپتن (bapeten), Baluchi پچگ (pačag, “to fry, bake”), Northern Kurdish pêtin, Yagnobi пухсак (puxsak).

der

to render well disposed towards, canvass for, gain for one's interests


پیتزا

head

پیتزا • (pitzâ)

fa-noun

پیتزا • (pitzâ)

[pʰiːt̪ˈzɒː]

پیتزای سبزیجات


ژامبون

head

ژامبون • (žâmbon)

fa-noun

ژامبون • (žâmbon)


شراب

head

شَراب • (šarâb)

fa-noun

شَراب • (šarâb)

مگر سپاه سالار که هرگز شراب نخورده بود.

11th century, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 78:

except the Sipahsalar [Army Commander], who had never drunk wine.

magar sepâh-sâlâr ke hargez šarâb na-xorde bud.


نوشابه

head

نوشابه • (nušâbe) (plural نوشابهها (nušâbe-hâ))

[nʊː.ʃɔː.bǽ]

By surface analysis, نوش (nuš, “ambrosia, nectar”) + آب (âb, “water”) + ـه (-e, “noun-forming suffix”)


سرکه

→ Bengali: সির্কা (sirka)

→ Punjabi: sirkā

Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਰਕਾ

Shahmukhi script: سرکہ

→ Urdu: سرکہ (sirkah)

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/sarkāw/, “vinegar”).
Alternatively, borrowed from Turkic, compare Azerbaijani sirkə, Ottoman Turkish سركه (sirke), etc. According to Doerfer, direction of a possible borrowing between Iranian and Turkic is not clear.


آرد

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KHMA /ārd/, “flour”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Hindi आटा (āṭā, “flour”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “to grind”), Ancient Greek ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”).

تخم مرغها را با آرد مخلوط کنید.


شکلات

head

شکلات • (šokolât) (plural شکلاتها (šokolât-hâ))

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]

[ʃʊ.kʰʊ.lɑ́ːt̪]


بستنی

بَسْتَنی • (bastani)

fa-noun

بَسْتَنی • (bastani)

بَسْتَنی (canonical)
bastani (romanization)

From بَسْتَن (bastan, “to freeze, bind”).


کیک

→ Ottoman Turkish: كیك (keyk)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kdyk' /kayk/), 𐫐𐫏𐫐 (kyk /kayk/), from Proto-Iranian *kā́ykiH. Compare Semnani کیگ (keyg, “flea”), Northern Kurdish kêç (“flea”), Talysh kek (“flea”), Zazaki kekı (“flea”), Central Kurdish كێچ (kêç, “flea”).


ماست

→ Arabic: مَاسْت (māst)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (m’st' /māst/, “yoghurt”), from Classical Syriac ܡܣܬܐ (mastā).

inh+

ماست و خیار ― mâst o xiyâr ― mast-o-khiyar, a cucumber and yoghurt side dish


عرق

head

عَرَق • (araq)

fa-noun

عَرَق • (araq)

→ Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

Armenian: արաղ (araġ)

→ Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)


خورش

head

خورش • (xoreš)

fa-noun

خورش • (xoreš)

From خور (xor, “present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)”) + ـش (-eš).

af

خور
<t:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">خوردن</i> (xordan, “to eat”)>

بخندید رستم بدو گفت شاه
ز بهر خورش دارد این پیشگاه
خورش چون بدین گونه داری به خوان
چرا رفتی اندر دم هفتخوان

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

Rustam laughed and told him, "Kings
Hold court for the sake of the food.
When you can have only this much food at a feast,
Why did you bother to perform the Seven Feats?"

bixandīd rustam bad-ō gūft šāh
zi bahr-i xwariš dārad īn pēšgāh
xwariš čūn bad-ēn gōna dārī ba xwān
čirā raftī andar dam-i haftxwān


دیگ

→ Bengali: ডেক (ḍek), ডেগ (ḍeg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देग (deg)

Urdu: دیگ (deg)

→ Mauritian Creole: deg

→ Pashto: دېګ

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਗ (deg)

Shahmukhi script: دیگ (deg)

→ Ushojo: دیگ (deg)

From Middle Persian dyk' (dēg, “cauldron”), from Proto-Iranian *dai(a)-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to shine, radiate, light a fire”), with possible semantic contamination from Proto-Iranian *daĵ- (“to burn”). The former is from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”) and cognate with Semnani دیک (dik, “pot”), Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, illuminate”), Ancient Greek δέατο (déato, “shone”), and Old Norse teitr (“cheerful”), while the latter is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


باده

head

باده • (bâde)

fa-noun

باده • (bâde)

→ Gujarati: બાદા (bādā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: باده (bāda)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باده (bâde)

Turkish: bade

From Middle Persian bʾtk' (bādag, “wine, must”), from Old Persian, most likely from Akkadian 𒁀𒂅𒌑 (baṭû, “tray, platter; mixing container, bowl for liquids; wine jar, pitcher”), from earlier Akkadian 𒁀𒋾𒌝 (baṭium, “vessel, basin, place to hold; tray, platter”). Cognate to Arabic بَاطِيَة (bāṭiya, “a kind of earthen vessel for storing wine”), Persian بادیه (bâtiye), Classical Syriac ܒܳܛܺܝܬܴܐ (bāṭīṯā), Ancient Greek βατιάκη, βατιάκιον (batiákē, batiákion), Latin batiaca, batioca, batiola.

cog

βατιάκη, βατιάκιον


می

→ Azerbaijani:

Arabic script: مئی

Cyrillic script: меј

Latin script: mey

→ Gujarati: મય (maya)

→ Gurani: مهی (may)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مەی (mey)

Northern Kurdish: mey

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مے (mai)

→ Ottoman Turkish: می (may)

Turkish: mey

→ Pashto: می (may)

→ Uzbek: may

From Middle Persian [script needed] (HS) / [script needed] (mdy /may/, “wine”), from Old Persian *𐎶𐎯 (*m-du /*madu/), from Proto-Iranian *mádu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, mead”).


فلافل

Borrowed from Arabic فَلَافِل (falāfil), ultimately from Early Classical Persian پلپل (pilpil).


ودکا

head

ودکا • (vodkâ)

fa-noun

ودکا • (vodkâ)


سوپ

Borrowed from French soupe, eventually from Proto-Germanic *supô.


ساندویچ

head

ساندویچ • (sândevič)

fa-noun

ساندویچ • (sândevič)


مربا

Tajik: мураббо (murabbo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुरब्बा (murabbā)

Urdu: مربا (murabbā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مربا (mürebbâ)

→ Uyghur: مۇراببا (murabba)

→ Uzbek: murabbo

Borrowed from Arabic مُرَبَّى (murabbā).


چمچه

head

چمچه • (čamče, čomče)

fa-noun

چمچه • (čamče, čomče)

čamče (romanization)
čomče (romanization)

desc

→ Iraqi Arabic: چَمْچَة (čámča, “ladle”)

→ Armenian: չոմչա (čʻomčʻa), չամչիկ (čʻamčʻik)

→ Assamese: চামুচ (samus)

→ Baluchi: چمچہ (camca)

→ Bengali: চামচ (camoc)

→ Chagatai: چمچه (çemçe), چومچار (çumçar)

→ Doteli: चम्मच (cammac)

→ Georgian: ჩამჩა (čamča) (or via Turkic, since the 14th century)

→ Gujarati: ચમચો (camco)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चमचा (camcā), चम्मच (cammac)

Urdu: چمچہ (camcā), چمّچ (cammac)

→ Kannada: ಚಮಚ (camaca)

→ Marathi: चमचा (camcā)

→ Marwari: सम्स्यो (samsyo)

→ Odia: ଚାମଚ (cāmaca)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چمچه (çamça, çemçe)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਮਚਾ (camcā)

Shahmukhi script: چمچہ (camcā)

→ Sanskrit: चमस (camasa)

→ Tamil: சம்சா (camcā)

→ Telugu: చెమ్చా (cemcā)

→ Turkmen: çemçe

→⇒ Old Armenian: չամչաշերեփ (čʻamčʻašerepʻ)

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰum.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰæm.t͡ʃʰé]

[t͡ʃʰom.t͡ʃʰé]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰum.t͡ʃʰǽ]

Turkic borrowing. Found in Kazakh шөміш (şömış), Kyrgyz чөмүч (cömüc), Bashkir сүмес (sümes), Uzbek choʻmich, Chagatai [script needed] (čömüš), and compare probably separate but similarly formed Uyghur [script needed] (qemič), Karakhanid [script needed] (qamɨč), Tuvan хымыш (xımış), Yakut хомуос (qomuos), Dolgan комуос, Bulgar [script needed] (xumǯa) from Proto-Turkic *kamïč, all meaning “scoop, ladle”. In Persian the stem of the former word appears suffixed + ـچه (-če, diminutive).

cog

Kazakh шөміш (şömış)

Dolgan комуос


انگبین

angobin (romanization)
angabin (romanization)

[ʔæɲ.ɡʲæ.biːn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (DWBŠYA, ʾngpyn' /angubēn/, “honey”), from Proto-Iranian *Hangubáynah.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish hingiv, Zazaki engemin, Central Kurdish ھەنگِوین (hengiwîn) and Talysh انگوین (anqevin).
Probably not related انگ (ang), which means yellowjacket; instead related to انگم (angom, “resin”).

inh

گلنگبین

a conserve or drink of rose petals in honey

ترنگبین

Persian manna, Alhagi maurorum, Alhagi persarum or its honeydew


خردل

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़र्दल (xardal)

Urdu: خردل (xardal)


شهد

head

شهد • (šahd)

fa-noun

شهد • (šahd)

→ Hindi: शहद (śahad)

→ Urdu: شہد


میخک

→ Armenian: մեխակ (mexak)

→ Azerbaijani: mixək

→ Georgian: მიხაკი (mixaḳi)

From میخ (mix, “nail”) + ـک (-ak, “diminutive suffix”).


شیراز

head

شیراز • (širâz)

fa-noun

شیراز • (širâz)

desc

→ Arabic: شِيرَاز (šīrāz)

→ Arabic: شِيرَاز (šīrāz)

شیر (šir, “milk”) + an uncertain second part; cognate to Central Kurdish شیرێژ (şîrêj), سیرێژ (sîrêj) and Gurani سیراج (sîrac). Compare Persian شیرزا (širzâ), شیرزاد (širzâd, “a fattening drug which gives an increase of milk”), in Classical Syriac recorded in the form ܫܝܪܙܝܕ (šyrzyd) by Bar Bahlul.


دارچین

head

دارچین • (dârčin)

fa-noun

دارچین • (dârčin)

desctree

دَارْصِينِيّ

→ Arabic: دَارْصِينِيّ (dārṣīniyy), دَار صِينِيّ (dār ṣīniyy), دَارَصِينِيّ الصِين (dāraṣīniyy aṣ-ṣīn), دَارْصِين (dārṣīn), دَارْسِين (dārsīn)
→ Middle Armenian: դարիսեն (darisen), դարիսէն (darisēn), դարիսենի (dariseni), դարսենի (darseni), դարսենիկ (darsenik), դարսենեկ (darsenek)

desc

→ Armenian: դարչին (darčʻin), դարիչին (daričʻin)

darçın//دارچین//дарчын

→ Azerbaijani: darçın／دارچین／дарчын

→ Azerbaijani: darçın／دارچین／дарчын

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (dār-čīnī)

→ Bats: დარიჩი (dariči)

→ Bengali: দারচিনি (darcini)

→ Georgian: დარიჩინი (daričini), დარიჭინი (darič̣ini)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दारचीनी (dārcīnī)

Urdu: دَارْچِینِی (dārcīnī)

Urdu: دَارْچِینِی (dārcīnī)

→ Kazakh: даршын (darşyn)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دارچین (darçin, tarçin)
Turkish: tarçın
→ Albanian: darçin (regional)
→ Bulgarian: дарчи́н (darčín)
→ Macedonian: дарчин (darčin)
→ Serbo-Croatian: darčin / дарчин, tarčin / тарчин (regional)

→ Pashto: دارچيني (dārčiní)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਲ਼ਚੀਨੀ (dāḷcīnī)

Shahmukhi script: دالچینی (dālcīnī)

→ Swahili: dalasini

→ Tatar: дарчин (darçin)

[d̪ɒːɾˈt͡ʃʰin]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dóru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru
Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v)der.
Old Chinese 秦 (*zin)der.?
Sanskrit चीन (cīna)der.
Persian دارچین
From Middle Persian *dār-i-čēnīk (literally “Chinese tree”), ultimately a combination of Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v, “tree”) + Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “China”) + -𐎡𐎣 (-i-k, adjectival suffix, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ikas). Note also from the same source are Jewish Babylonian Aramaic דַּרְצִינִי (darṣīnī, “cinnamon”), Classical Syriac ܕܪܨܝܢܝ (dārṣīnī), ܨܝܢܕܪܓ (ṣīndreḡ, “cinnamon”) and Old Armenian դարիճենիկ (daričenik, “cinnamon”).


زردچوبه

head

زردچوبه • (zardčube)

fa-noun

زردچوبه • (zardčube)

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰoːɾ.bǽ]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰoːɾ.bǽ]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰoːɾ.bǽ]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰʊːɾ.bǽ]

[zæɹd̪.t͡ʃʰuːɹ.bé]

[zäɹd̪.t͡ʃʰɵɾ.bǽ]


ادویه

head

ادویه • (adviye) (plural ادویهجات (adviye-jât) or ادویهها (adviye-hâ))

adviye (romanization)
ادویهجات (plural)
ادویهها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic أَدْوِيَة (ʔadwiya).


غذا

ğazâ (romanization)
غذاها (plural)
غذا (singular)
ğazấ (singular)
غذاها (plural)
ğazâ-hấ (plural)
غذا را (definite direct-object singular)
ğazấ râ (definite direct-object singular)
غذا رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
ğazấ ro (definite direct-object singular)
غذاها را (definite direct-object plural)
ğazâ-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
غذاها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
ğazâ-hấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
غذای (ezafe singular)
ğazấ-ye (ezafe singular)
غذاهای (ezafe plural)
ğazâ-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
غذایی (definite relative singular)
غذایی (indefinite singular stressed)
ğazấ-i (definite relative singular)
ğazấ-i (indefinite singular stressed)
غذاهایی (definite plural relative)
غذاهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
ğazâ-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
ğazâ-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
غذایم (first-person possessive singular)
ğazấyam (first-person possessive singular)
غذام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ğazấm (first-person possessive singular)
غذاهایم (first-person possessive singular)
ğazâ-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
غذاهام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
ğazâ-hấm (first-person possessive singular)
غذایت (possessive second-person singular)
ğazấyat (possessive second-person singular)
غذات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ğazất (possessive second-person singular)
غذاهایت (possessive second-person singular)
ğazâ-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
غذاهات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
ğazâ-hất (possessive second-person singular)
غذایش (possessive singular third-person)
ğazấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ğazấš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاهایش (possessive singular third-person)
ğazâ-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
غذاهاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
ğazâ-hấš (possessive singular third-person)
غذایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ğazấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
غذامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ğazấmun (first-person plural possessive)
غذاهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
ğazâ-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
غذاهامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
ğazâ-hấmun (first-person plural possessive)
غذایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ğazấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
غذاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ğazấtun (plural possessive second-person)
غذاهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
ğazâ-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
غذاهاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
ğazâ-hấtun (plural possessive second-person)
غذایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ğazấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
غذاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ğazấšun (plural possessive third-person)
غذاهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
ğazâ-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
غذاهاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
ğazâ-hấšun (plural possessive third-person)

از غذای ایرانی خوشم میآید


باقلوا

head

باقلوا • (bâqlavâ)

fa-noun

باقلوا • (bâqlavâ)

[bɒːʁ.læ.vɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باقلوا (baklava).


شیش‌کباب

head

شیشکباب • (šiš-kebâb)

fa-noun

شیشکباب • (šiš-kebâb)

شیشکباب (canonical)
šiš-kebâb (romanization)


مزه

→ Assamese: মজা (moza)

→ Azerbaijani: məzə

→ Bengali: মজা (moja)

→ Gujarati: મજા (majā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मज़ा (mazā)

Urdu: مزہ (maza)

→ Kazakh: маза (maza)

→ Marathi: मजा (majā)

→ Middle Armenian: մազայ (mazay)

→ Middle Georgian: მაზა (maza)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مزه (meze)

Turkish: meze

→ Arabic: مَزَّة (mazza)

→ Albanian: meze

→ Aromanian: mize

→ Bulgarian: мезе́ (mezé)

→ Greek: μεζές (mezés)

→ English: meze

→ Macedonian: мезе (meze)

→ Romanian: meze

→ Serbo-Croatian: mèze / мѐзе

→ Punjabi: ਮਜਾ (majā)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (myck', m(y)ck' /mizag/, “taste”), a derivative of Proto-Iranian *mak- (“to suck”), which is perhaps a semantic extension of Proto-Iranian *mak- (“to wet, moisten”) reinforced by sound-symbolism, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂k- (“to moisten”). In this case, cognate with Proto-Slavic *močìti (“to wet”); see there for more cognates. For a semantic parallel between "consuming" and "wettening", compare Lithuanian válgyti (“to eat”).

der

a snack; a morsel taken after drinking liquor.


غربال

head

غربال • (ğarbâl)

fa-noun

غربال • (ğarbâl)

→ Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)

→ Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)

→ Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلبور, قالبور (kalbur)
Turkish: kalbur
→ Armenian: խալպուր (xalpur)
→ Persian: قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
→ Russian: халбу́р (xalbúr) (19th-century argot)

→ Turkmen: galbir

→ Uyghur: غەلۋىر (ghelwir)

→ Uzbek: gʻalvir

Borrowed from Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl), from Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא / ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā), assumed to be from Hurrian.

der

Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא

sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter


گلپر

Not present until the late 18ᵗʰ century and borrowed from Mazanderani کوله پر (kūle-par), bearing formerly also the forms گوله پر (gôla par), کوله پر (kôla par), کله پر (kola par), meaning “leafy ball”, referring to the umbels, see گوی (gôy, “ball”) and پر (par, “wing; feather; leaf”).

golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (the seeds, leaves and stalks are used in Persian cooking)


حلوا

head

حلوا • (halvâ)

fa-noun

حلوا • (halvâ)

→ Assamese: হালুৱা (halua)

→ Bengali: হালুয়া (haluẏa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हलवा (halvā)

Urdu: حلوہ (halvā)

→ Marathi: हलवा (halvā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: حلوا (halva, helva)
> Turkish: helva (inherited)
→ Albanian: hallvë
→ Bulgarian: халва́ (halvá)
→ Crimean Tatar: elva
→ Greek: χαλβάς (chalvás)
→ Ladino: halvá
→ Macedonian: алва (alva)
→ Romanian: halva
→ Hebrew: חלווה (khalvá)
→ Yiddish: כאַלווע (khalve)
→ Dutch: halva
→ English: halva
→ Russian: халва́ (xalvá)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: halva
Cyrillic script: халва

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਵਾ (halvā)

Shahmukhi script: حلوا (halvā)


کوفته

[kʰʊːf.t̪ʰǽ]

From کوفتن (kuftan, “to beat, grind, break”). Compare Northern Kurdish kutilk.


آدامس

head

آدامس • (âdâms)

fa-noun

آدامس • (âdâms)

[ʔɒː.d̪ɒ́ːms]

Borrowed from English Adams, a historical American brand of chewing-gum, named after its inventor Thomas Adams.


نقل

به نقل از چند منابع


قرمه

Inherited from Classical Persian قورمه (qōrma), see there for more.


زیجک

→ Arabic: صوجوق (sujuk)

Unknown; presumably related to زویج (zevij, zavij), زونیج (zevanij), زونج (zevanj, “sausage”), compare also Central Kurdish زونگ (zung, “sausage”) and Northern Kurdish ziving (“cave, winter quarters”). Nişanyan argues a Turkic origin, see more in sucuk.https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/sucuk

cog

food made from animal intestines, sausages


خاگینه

head

خاگینه • (xâgine)

fa-noun

خاگینه • (xâgine)

Ottoman Turkish: قایغنه (kayğana)

Bulgarian: кайгана (kajgana)

Greek: καγιανάς (kagianás)

Turkish: kaygana

Serbo-Croatian: ка̏јгана/kȁjgana

From earlier خایه گینه (xâya gina), from Middle Persian [Term?]. Equivalent to خایه (xâye, “egg”) + ـگین (-gin, “-ful”).


قهوه‌خانه

head

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه • (qahve-xâne) (plural قهوهخانهها (qahve-xâne-hâ))

fa-noun

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه (canonical)
qahve-xâne (romanization)
قهوهخانهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કાવાખાનું (kāvākhānũ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوهخانه (kahvehane)
→ Romanian: cafenea
Turkish: kahvehane

→ Uyghur: قەھۋەخانا (qehwexana)

→ Uzbek: qahvaxona

From قَهْوِه (qahve, “coffee”) + خانِه (xâne, “house”).


چایخانه

head

چایْخانِه • (čâyxâne) (plural چایخانهها (čâyxâne-hâ))

چایْخانِه (canonical)
čâyxâne (romanization)
چایخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: çayxana

→ Bashkir: сәйхана (səyxana)

→ Belarusian: чайхана (čajxana)

→ Gujarati: ચાખાનું (cākhānũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चायख़ाना (cāyxānā)

Urdu: چائے خانَہ (cāe xāna)

→ Georgian: ჩაიხანა (čaixana)

→ Kazakh: шайхана (şaixana)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: چایخانە (çayxane)

→ Kyrgyz: чайкана (caykana)

→ Russian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Tatar: чәйханә (çäyxanä)

→ Turkish: çayhane

→ Turkmen: çaýhana

→ Ukrainian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Uyghur: چايخانا (chayxana)

→ Uzbek: choyxona

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːj.xɒː.né]

[t͡ʃʰɔj.χɔ.nǽ]

From چای (čây, “tea”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).


خاژغان

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

fa-noun

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

[xɑːʒ.ˈɣɑːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɔːʒ.ɣɔ́ːn]

[xɒːʒ.ɢɒ́ːn]


چاشت

head

چاشت • (čâšt)

fa-noun

چاشت • (čâšt)

→ Azerbaijani: çeşt, çaşt

→ Baluchi: چاشت (cášt)

→ Gujarati: ચાશ્ત (cāśt)

→ Khalaj: çâşt

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाश्त (cāśt)

Urdu: چاشت (cāśt)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (čʾšt' /čāšt/, “lunch, meal”). Akin to Old Armenian ճաշ (čaš), an Iranian borrowing.

inh+

به راه آبخوری و چاشت خوران به سمنان آمدم و آنجا مدتی مقام کردم و طلب اهل علم کردم.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

Drinking and having a morning meal while on the road, I came to Simnān. I stayed there for a while, and looked for a man of knowledge.

ba rāh ābxwarē u čāšt xwarān ba simnān āmadam u ānjā muddatē maqām kardam u talab-i ahl-i ilm kardam.

meal eaten between sunrise and noon; brunch; morning meal


بری

ای بت نامهربان این ستم از بهر چیست
بر دل بیچاره ای کز دل و از جان بریست

c. 1380, Jahān Malik Khātūn, “Ghazal 245”, in دیوان جهان [Divān-i Jahān]:

O unkind idol, for what purpose is this injustice
Which you deal to my helpless heart, o you who are immune to heart and soul?

ay but-i nāmihrabān īn sitam az bahr-i čī-st
bar dil-i bēčāra ay k-az dil u az jān barī-st


همبرگر

head

همبرگر • (hamberger) (plural همبرگرها (hamberger-hâ))

hamberger (romanization)
همبرگرها (plural)


چرک

From Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani çörək, Turkish çörek and Turkmen çörek.


چرک

چرک • (čerk)

fa-noun

چرک • (čerk)

→ Georgian: ჩირქი (čirki)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چرك (çirk)
Turkish: çirk

From Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“black, dirty”).


مسکه

→ Gujarati: મસકો (masko)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मसका (maskā)

Urdu: مَسْکَہ (maskā)

→ Marathi: मस्का (maskā)


چای سبز

head

چای سبز • (čây-e sabz)

fa-noun

چای سبز • (čây-e sabz)


بزباش

head

بزباش • (bozbâš)

fa-noun

بزباش • (bozbâš)


رنده

→ Armenian: ռանդա (ṙanda)

→ Azerbaijani: rəndə

→ Gujarati: રંદો (rando)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: رنده (rende)
Turkish: rende
→ Albanian: rende
→ Armenian: ըռենտե (əṙente), էրենտե (ērente)
→ Aromanian: réndã, rindéauã
→ Bulgarian: ренде́ (rendé)
→ Greek: ρεντές (rentés)
→ Macedonian: ренде (rende)
→ Romanian: rindea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: рѐнде
Latin script: rènde

→ Uyghur: رەندە (rende)

→ Urdu: رندہ (randā)

→ Ushojo: رندہ (randah)

From Middle Persian *randag, found also in early Classical Arabic as رَنْدَج (randaj), derivative to the verb رَندیدَن (randidan, “to grate, to scrape”).

plane (A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.)


لو

Northwestern Iranian variant of لب (lab, “lip”), see it.


مرچ

murč (romanization)
mareč (romanization)

→ Bashkir: борос (boros)

→ Kazakh: бұрыш (būryş)

→ Kyrgyz: мурч (murc)

→ Southern Altai: мырч (mïrč)

Borrowed from Hindustani (see Urdu مرچ and Hindi मिर्च (mirc)), or from dialectal Hindi मरिच (maric) (in Iran), from Sanskrit मरिच (marica).


آرت

From the standard form آرد (ârd), see there for further information.

آرتِ گندم که یَتا زَرُّک جوشید، یَتا دوتا هُشُک سرکه بیریزد توش.
-ârt-e gandom ke yatâ zarrok jušid, yatâ dotâ hošok serke birized tuš.


آب‌گوشت

head

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

fa-noun

آبگوشت • (âb-gušt)

آبگوشت (canonical)
âb-gušt (romanization)

→ Armenian: աբգուշթ (abguštʻ)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɡoːʃt]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɑːb.ɡóːʃt̪]

[ʔɔːb.ɡʊ́ːʃt̪]

[ʔɒːb.ɡúːʃt̪]

[ʔɔb.ɡɵ́ʃt̪]

Compound of آب (âb, “water; broth”) + گوشت (gušt, “meat”).


شکمبه

head

شکمبه • (šekambe) (plural شکمبهها (šekambe-hâ))


کالواس

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

fa-noun

کالواس • (kâlvâs, kâlwâs)

kâlvâs (romanization)
kâlwâs (romanization)


فالوده

head

فالوده • (fâlude)

fa-noun

فالوده • (fâlude)

→ Bengali: ফালুদা (faluda)

→ Burmese: ဖာလူဒါ (hpaluda)

→ Gujarati: ફાલુદા (phāludā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ालूदा (fālūdā)

Urdu: فالودہ (fālūdā)

→ Punjabi: ਫਲੂਦਾ (phalūdā)

→ Sindhi: فالودو (fālūdo)

→ Swahili: faluda

Reborrowed from Arabic فَالُودَة (fālūda), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pʾlwtk' /pālūdag/, “starch jelly, flummery”, past participle), Middle Persian [script needed] (pʾlwtn' /pālūdan/, “to strain, filter, purify”) (see Persian پالودن (pâludan, “to cleanse, purify, filter, refine”)).


قهوه ترک

میخوام قهوه ترک بخرم ولی نمیدونم قیمتش چقدره.

I want to buy (some) Turkish coffee but I don't know how much it costs.

Mi-xâm qahve-ye tork bexaram vali nemi-dunam qeymateš čeqadr-e.


ترف

Cognate with Parthian 𐫤𐫜𐫡 (tfr /tafr/, “cheese”), from Proto-Iranian *tr̥práh.

(archaic, dialectal) qurut, kashk, black kashk


قرنفل

→ Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)

→ Azerbaijani: qərənfil

desc

→ Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)

→ Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl

Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)

→ Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)

> Turkish: karanfil (inherited)

→ Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)

→ Uzbek: qalampir

Borrowed from Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).


چغرات

head

چغرات • (čoğrât)

fa-noun

چغرات • (čoğrât)

desc

→ Arabic: جُغْرَات (juḡrāt), صُغْرَات (ṣuḡrāt), صُغْرَاط (ṣuḡrāṭ), صُقْرَات (ṣuqrāt), صُقْرَاط (ṣuqrāṭ)

→ Persian: صغراط (soğrât), صقرات (soqrât).

[t͡ʃuɣ.ɾɑːt]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰʊɣ.ɾɑːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰuɣ.ɾɔːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰoɢ.ɹɒːt̪]

[t͡ʃʰuʁ.ɾɔt̪]


سنگک

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سنگک • (sangak) (plural سنگکها (sangak-hâ))

→ Armenian: սանգակ (sangak)

→ Azerbaijani: səngək

مهدی عاشق نون سنگکه.
mahdi 'âšeq-e nun-(e)-sangak-e.
Mahdi loves sangak bread.


گردنا

From Middle Persian [Manichaean needed] (grdynʾg, grdnʾg /gardēnāg/), suffixing the verb behind گردیدن (gardīdan).


نبید

From Old Persian *𐎴𐎱𐎫 (*nipita) , from Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtás (compare Sanskrit निपीत (nipīta, “drunk up, imbibed”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-.


پانید

head

پانید • (pânid)

fa-noun

پانید • (pânid)

desctree

→ Arabic: فَانِيد (fānīd), فَانِيذ (fānīḏ) — obsolete
→ Spanish: alfeñique
→ French: alphénic
→ English: alphenic
→ Portuguese: alfenim

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: πενίδιον n (penídion), also plurale tantum πενίδια pl n (penídia)

→ Medieval Latin: penidium n, often penidia pl n

→ Old French: penides pl

Middle French: penide m, penides pl m

→ Middle English: penide sg, penides pl

English: penide

French: pénide m, penide m

→ Italian: penidio

→ Old Spanish: penidio

Spanish: penidio

→ Middle Dutch: penide

→ Middle Low German: penīt, penīd

→ Middle High German: penīt, benīt

[pʰɑː.níːd̪]

[pʰɑː.níːd̪]

[pʰɑː.níːd̪]

[pʰɔː.níd̪̥]

[pʰɒː.níːd̪̥]

Cognate with Sanskrit फाणित (phāṇita, “inspissated juice of the sugar cane and other plants, syrup”).

cog

condensed juice of sugarcane, syrup, molasses


تیان

head

تیان • (tiyân)

fa-noun

تیان • (tiyân)


لوید

Akin to Mazanderani [script needed] (lavi, “pot”). Compare Jewish Literary Aramaic לַפּׅיד (lappīḏ), לאפיס (lappīs), לפס, אלפס, אילפס, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic לפצה, לפצא, absolute state לפיץ, לפדיא m sg, לפדין m sg, Mishnaic Hebrew לַפּׅיד (lappīḏ), לֶפֶס (lepes), all meaning a pot or pan.


لرزانک

head

لرزانک • (larzân-ak) (plural لرزانکها (larzân-ak-hâ))

larzân-ak (romanization)
لرزانکها (plural)

From لرزان (larzân, “trembling, shaking”) + ـک (ak, diminutive suffix).


ماهی‌تابه

head

ماهیتابه • (mâhi-tâbe)

fa-noun

ماهیتابه • (mâhi-tâbe)

ماهیتابه (canonical)
mâhi-tâbe (romanization)

[mɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

[mɑː.ɦiː.t̪ʰɑː.bä]

From ماهی (mâhi, “fish”) + تابه (tâbe, “frying pan”).
According to folk etymology the name derives from the fact that the shape of the handle resembles that of a fish.


بوزه

→ Indonesian: bozah

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بوزا (boza), بوزه (boza)
Turkish: boza
→ Albanian: bozë
→ Arabic: بُوظَة (būẓa), بُوظَا (būẓā, bōẓā), بُوزَة (būza, bōza)
→ Armenian: պօզա (pōza)
→ Bulgarian: боза́ (bozá)
→ Greek: μποζάς (bozás)
→ Macedonian: боза (boza)
→ Romanian: boza
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бо́за
Latin script: bóza

Related to بوزک (bowzak, “yeast; mould”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, inflate, swell”).


پلوپز

پلو (polo, “rice”) + پز (paz, “present stem of پختن, to cook”)


زویج

zevij (romanization)
zavij (romanization)


نکانک

Borrowed from Aramaic נוקניק (nūqānīq), variant of לוקניק (lūqānīq), from Byzantine Greek λουκάνικον (loukánikon), λουκάνικα (loukánika), from Latin lūcānica (“sausage from Lūcānia”). Cognate to Greek λουκάνικο (loukániko), Arabic نُقَانِق (nuqāniq), لُقَانِق (luqāniq), Hebrew נַקְנִיק (naqnīq).


بگماز

head

بگماز • (bagmâz)

fa-noun

بگماز • (bagmâz)

→ Karakhanid: [script needed] (bekmes) (Divan-ı Lugatı't-Türk)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: bəkməz

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پكمز (bekmez), پكماز (pekmaz), بكمز (bekmez), بكماز (bekmaz), پتمز (petmez), پتماز (petmaz)
Turkish: pekmez, dialectally petmez
→ Abkhaz: абақьмаз (abakʲmaz)
→ Albanian: pekmez, pekmes
→ Armenian: բաքմազ (bakʻmaz), փեքմեզ (pʻekʻmez)
→ Aromanian: picmezã, picmeze, pitmeze, pihmez
→ Bulgarian: пекме́з (pekméz)
→ Greek: πετιμέζι (petimézi), πετμέζι (petmézi)
→ Macedonian: пекмез (pekmez)
→ Romanian: pecmez, pegmez, pecmes, pecmed, pedzmieg, pecsămet, pemnez, părămet, pigmez, petmez, pezmiet, picmiez, pigmiez, pimnăz, plimez, pesmet, pezmet
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: пѐкмез
Latin script: pèkmez


شربت

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شربت • (šarbat) (plural شربتها (šarbat-hâ))


نورد

Prefixed form of Middle Persian [script needed] (wlt- /ward-/, “to turn”), whence گرد (gard, “round; circular”). See there for more. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (nwrt- /nəwart-/, “to turn thither”).

cog

cylindrical tool used in rolling things:


تمر هندی

Borrowed from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy).

bor+

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ


کاچی

head

کاچی • (kâči)

fa-noun

کاچی • (kâči)

→ Georgian: ქაჩი (kači) — Fereydan


کفگیر

desc

→ South Levantine Arabic: كفكير (kafkīr)

→ Armenian: քափկիր (kʻapʻkir)

→ Azerbaijani: kəfgir

→ Bengali: কাফগীর (kafgīr)

→ Georgian: ქაფქირი (kapkiri)

→ Turkish: kevgir

→ Crimean Tatar: kevgir

→ Bulgarian: гевгир (gevgir)

→ Macedonian: ѓевгир (ǵevgir)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ђевђир

[kʰʲæf.ɡʲiːɹ]


لواشک

head

لواشک • (lavâšak)

fa-noun

لواشک • (lavâšak)

Persian fruit rollup, fruit leather; lavashak


شیر گاو

head

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)

fa-noun

شیر گاو • (šir-e gâv)


شیر سویا

head

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)

fa-noun

شیر سویا • (šir-e soyâ)


چلو

Borrowed from an Indic language. Compare Hindi चावल (cāval, “rice”), Punjabi ਚੌਲ (caul), Sindhi چانور (cã̄uru, “grain of rice cleansed from the husk”), Odia ଚାଉଳ (cāuḷa); see चावल (cāval) for more.


سنبوسه

head

سنبوسه • (sanbuse) (plural سنبوسهها (sanbuse-hâ))

sanbuse (romanization)
سنبوسهها (plural)

Tajik: самбӯса (sambüsa)

→ Arabic: سَنْبُوسَة (sanbūsa)

→ Gujarati: સમોસું (samosũ)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: समोसा (samosā)
→ English: samosa
→ Japanese: サモサ (samosa)
→ Korean: 사모사 (samosa)
→ Malayalam: സമോസ (samōsa)
→ Mauritian Creole: samousa
→ Réunion Creole French: samousa
→ French: samoussa
→ Tamil: சமோசா (camōcā)
→ Telugu: సమోస (samōsa)

Urdu: سموسہ (samosā)

→ Ngazidja Comorian: samɓusa

→ Somali: sambuus

→ Swahili: sambusa

→ Malagasy: sambosa

→ Uyghur: سامسا (samsa)

From Middle Persian *sambōsag, which passed into Arabic as سَنْبُوسَق (sanbūsaq), سَنْبُوسَج (sanbūsaj), سَنْبُوسَك (sanbūsak).

headscarf (a square mantle which women wear doubled into a triangular form)


روغن نارگیل

head

روغن نارگیل • (rōğan-i nārgīl／rowğan-e nârgil)

rōğan-i nārgīl／rowğan-e nârgil (romanization)

fa:روغن نارگیل


وگان

fa-adj

وگان • (vegân)


وگان

head

وگان • (vegân) (plural وگانها (vegân-hâ))


فلفل سیاه

fa:فلفل سیاه


ترخینه

Suffixed from ترف (tarf, “kashk”) because of being dairy mixed with a grain-based product.


هلتاک

هلتاک • (haltâk)

fa-noun

هلتاک • (haltâk)

From Middle Iranian; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Compare Transoxianan هلث (*halt, “salty”).

(Transoxianan, obsolete) dried balls made from sour milk.


لواش

head

لواش • (lavâš)

fa-noun

لواش • (lavâš)

lavash (a soft, thin flatbread made with flour, water, yeast, and salt, baked in a tandoor)


پفک

→ Gulf Arabic: بفك (bufak, bafak)

From پف (pof, “puff”) + ـک (ak, diminutive suffix).


نوشابه انرژی‌زا

head

نوشابههای انرژیزا

نوشابه انرژیزا • (nušâbe-ye enerži-zâ) (plural نوشابههای انرژیزا (nušâbe-hâ-ye enerži-zâ))

fa-noun

نوشابههای انرژیزا

نوشابه انرژیزا (canonical)
nušâbe-ye enerži-zâ (romanization)
نوشابههای انرژیزا (plural)

fa:نوشابه انرژی‌زا


اماج

head

اماج • (omâj)

fa-noun

اماج • (omâj)

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish اوماج (omac), Ottoman Turkish اوماج (omac), Turkish omaç, Azerbaijani umac, all referring to a kind of dish.

A small round piece of dough; a soup made of this


سمد

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سمید (simit), سمیت (simit)
Turkish: simit
→ Arabic: سَمِيت / سَمِيط (samīt / samīṭ)
→ English: simit
→ Greek: σιμίτι (simíti)
→ Romanian: simit

From Old Persian [Term?], from Aramaic סְמִידָא / ܣܡܻܝܕܳܐ (səmīḏā), from Akkadian 𒆠𒅔𒆠𒅔𒄯𒄯 (/samīdu/, “a type of fine groats, coarse flour, semolina”), related to Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒄯𒄯 (/samādu/, “to grind fine”). Akin to Sanskrit समीदा (samīdā), समिता (samitā, “wheat-flour”), possibly an Old Persian borrowing.

der

Aramaic סְמִידָא

نانک کشکینت روا نیست نیز
 نان سمد خواهی گرده کلان

9th-10th century, Rudaki, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

nânak-i kaškînat ravâ nêst nîz
 nân-i simid xwâhî girda-i kalân


کشک

head

کشک • (kašk)

fa-noun

کشک • (kašk)

(Iranian cuisine) Kashk, a range of dairy products made from dried drained yogurt or dried sour milk.


دونات

head

دونات • (donât) (plural دوناتها (donât-hâ))


شکلات داغ

شکلات داغ • (šokolât-e dâğ)

fa-noun

شکلات داغ • (šokolât-e dâğ)

/ʃokʰolɒːˈtʰe dɒːɣ/


هات چاکلت

head

هات چاکلت • (hât čâklet)

fa-noun

هات چاکلت • (hât čâklet)


بادیان رومی

head

بادیان رومی • (bâdiyân-e rumi)

fa-noun

بادیان رومی • (bâdiyân-e rumi)

fa:بادیان رومی


انیسون

→ Mazanderani: انگیسم (angisem)

Borrowed from Arabic أَنِيسُون (ʔanīsūn).


ساج

A Turkic borrowing, see Turkish sac / ساج.


نهره

→ Azerbaijani: nehrə

Ultimately of Semitic origin; if not from Arabic نَهْر (nahr, “river”) by a multistep semantic change as in river → liquid → milk → churn, from Aramaic נַהְרָא / ܢܰܗܪܴܐ (nahrā, “river”) in the sense of canal pertinent to urbanized Mesopotamia used figuratively for the passageway of milk.

bor

Aramaic נַהְרָא


بگنی

Cognate with Ossetian бӕгӕны (bægæny, “beer”).


کاله‌جوش

head

کالهجوش • (kâle-juš)

fa-noun

کالهجوش • (kâle-juš)

کالهجوش (canonical)
kâle-juš (romanization)

desc

→ Armenian: գալաճոշ (galačoš), քալաճոշ (kʻalačoš), քլնգոշ (kʻlngoš), քալաջոշ (kʻalaǰoš), քյալագյոշ (kʻyalagyoš), քյալագոշ (kʻyalagoš), քալագոշ (kʻalagoš)

→ Azerbaijani: kələkoş, kələcoş, kələdoş

→ Northern Kurdish: keledoş, keleçoş

→ Turkish: kelecoş

From کال (kâl, “unripe, here connoting cooked rare”) + جوش (juš, present stem of جوشیدن (jušidan, “to boil”)), because when preparing the dish, people let it boil only for three seconds.

af

جوش
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">جوشیدن</i> (jušidan, “to boil”)>


قیمه

→ Bengali: কিমা (kima)

→ English: gheimeh

→ Gujarati: ખીમો (khīmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ीमा (qīmā)

desctree

Urdu: قِیمَہ (qīma)
→ Burmese: ကီးမား (ki:ma:)
→ English: keema
→ Swahili: kima

→ Marathi: खिमा (khimā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ੀਮਾ (qīmā)

Shahmukhi script: قِیمہ (qīmh)

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Ottoman Turkish قیمه, قییمه (modern Turkish kıyma).


جلیبی

head

جَلیبِی • (jalêbî)

fa-noun

جَلیبِی • (jalêbî)

جَلیبِی (canonical)
jalêbî (romanization)

Borrowed from Hindustani جلیبی / जलेबी (jalebī).


ژدوار

head

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

fa-noun

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

desctree

→ Arabic: جَدْوَار (jadwār), زَدْوَار (zadwār)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζεστουάρια (tzestouária), τζηντουάρ (tzēntouár), ζουδάρα (zoudára), ζαδόαρ (zadóar)
→ Medieval Latin: zedoārium (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Armenian: ճատվար (čatvar)
→ Persian: جدوار (jadvâr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: جدوار (cedvar), زدوار (zidvar)
Turkish: cedvar

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɔ́ːɾ]

[ʒæd̪.vɒ́ːɹ]

Borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, whence borrowing Sanskrit जडुवार (jaḍuvāra), जडुपार (jaḍupāra), जदुवार (jaduvāra), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“resin, gum”), also found as ژد (žad, “resin, gum”), as well as ـوار (-vâr, suffix denoting something having a characteristic).

der

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual


جلاب

head

جلاب • (jolâb)

fa-noun

جلاب • (jolâb)

[d͡ʒu.ˈlɑːβ]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

[d͡ʒʊ.lɑ́ːb]

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardah
Old Persian *vr̥dah
Middle Persian gwl
Classical Persian گُل (gul)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Classical Persian آب (āb)
Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb)bor.
Arabic جُلَاب (julāb)bor.
Persian جلابBorrowed from Arabic جُلَاب (julāb), borrowed from Classical Persian گُلَاب (gulāb), from گُل (gul) + آب (āb).

etymon

نکتهها میگفت او آمیخته
در جلاب قند زهری ریخته

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 447:

He was saying fine things mixed [with foul]: he had poured some poison into the sugared julep.

nukta-hā mē-guft ō āmēxta
dar julāb-i qand zahrē rēxta


دارفلفل

Borrowed from Arabic دَارْفِلْفِل (dārfilfil).

bor+

دَارْفِلْفِل


کما

→ Translingual: Ferula kuma

Borrowed from Aramaic קוֹמָּא (qommā) / ܩܘܡܐ (qommā, “acacia gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “acacia gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

der

(modernly employed for) various Ferula and what is now Dorema species


کما

kamâ (romanization)
kemâ (romanization)
komâ (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic كِمّ (kimm, “calyx, envelope”).


یخنی

→ Bengali: আখনী (akhnī)

desc

→ Armenian: յախնի (yaxni), յահնի (yahni), եխնի (exni), եախնի (eaxni) — traditional orthography

→ English: yakhni

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यख़नी (yaxnī)

Urdu: یخنی (yaxnī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: یخنی (yahni)

Turkish: yahni

→ Arabic: يَخْنِي (yaḵnī), يَخْنَة (yaḵna)

→ Bulgarian: яхни́я (jahníja)

→ Greek: γιαχνί (giachní)

→ Ladino: yahní

→ Macedonian: јанија (janija)

→ Romanian: iahnie

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀хнија, ја̀нија

Latin script: jàhnija, jànija


میگو

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میگو • (meygu) (plural میگوها (meygu-hâ))

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mdk' /ma(y)ik/), from Proto-Iranian *madika, a variant of Proto-Iranian *madaxa (“locust, grasshopper”), and thus related to ملخ (malax); see there for further information.
The second component is from Middle Persian [Term?] (/-ūg/, “-like”).


خوانچه

head

خوانچه • (xânče)

→ Azerbaijani: xonça

→ Armenian: խոնչա (xončʻa)

→ Bengali: খাঞ্চা (khanca)

→ Georgian: ხონჩა (xonča)

→ Gujarati: ખાંચા (khā̃cā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خنچر (hançe)

af

خوان (xân) + ـچه (če)


چلوکباب

head

چِلُوکَباب • (čelow-kabâb)

fa-noun

چِلُوکَباب • (čelow-kabâb)

چِلُوکَباب (canonical)
čelow-kabâb (romanization)

From چلو (čelow, “cooked rice”) + کباب (kabâb, “kebab”).

af

چلو کباب کوبیده ― čelow-kabâb-e kubide ― chelow kabab with ground meat

chelow kabab, a popular Iranian kebab dish


پیش‌غذا

head

پیشغذا • (piš-ğazâ)

fa-noun

پیشغذا • (piš-ğazâ)

پیشغذا (canonical)
piš-ğazâ (romanization)

[pʰeːʃ.ɣä.zɑː]

[pʰeːʃ.ɣä.zɑː]

[pʰeːʃ.ɣä.zɑː]

[pʰeːʃ.ɣä.zɔː]

[pʰiːʃ.ɢæ.zɒː]

From پیش (piš, “front, before”) + غذا (ğazâ, “food”).


نوشیدنی

head

نوشیدنی • (nušidani)

fa-noun

نوشیدنی • (nušidani)

From نوشیدن (nušidan, “to drink”) + ـی (-i).


تافتان

head

تافتان • (tâftân)

fa-noun

تافتان • (tâftân)

[t̪ʰɒːfˈt̪ʰɒːn]

[t̪ʰɒːfˈt̪ʰuːn]


خواربار

head

خواربار • (xvârbâr)

[xʷɑːɾ.ˈbɑːɾ]

[xɑːɾ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[xɑːɾ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[xɑːɾ.bɑ́ːɾ]

[xɔːɾ.bɔ́ːɾ]

[xɒːɹ.bɒ́ːɹ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾlbʾl /xwārbār/, “food and drink”), a compound of [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾl /xwār/, “food”) + [Book Pahlavi needed] (bʾl /bār/, “fruit”); compare Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫀𐫡 𐫀𐫇𐫅 𐫁𐫀𐫡 (xwʾr ʾwd bʾr /xwār ud bār/, “food of all kinds”). Akin to Old Armenian խորբար (xorbar), Old Georgian ხუარბალი (xuarbali), Georgian ხორბალი (xorbali), Iranian borrowings.

cog

𐫟𐫇𐫀𐫡 𐫀𐫇𐫅 𐫁𐫀𐫡


پاستا

head

پاستا • (pâstâ) (plural پاستاها (pâstâ-hâ))

[pʰɑːs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[pʰɒːs.t̪ʰɒ́ː]


آغوز

آغوز • (âğuz)

fa-noun

آغوز • (âğuz)

Borrowed from Turkic, Ottoman Turkish آغز (ağız), ultimately Proto-Turkic *aguŕ.


ساطور

head

ساطور • (sâtur)

fa-noun

ساطور • (sâtur)

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


درون

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwn' /drōn/, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”), also attested in Classical Syriac ܕܪܘܢ (drōn, “consecrated bread; a kind of ritual in which consecrated bread is used”) and a derivative ܕܪܘܢܝܐ (drōnāyyā, “a kind of attendant serving sacred bread”).


سندویچ

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سندویچ • (sandwîč)

fa-noun

سندویچ • (sandwîč)


گراتن

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گراتَن • (gerâtan)

fa-noun

گراتَن • (gerâtan)

گراتَن (canonical)
gerâtan (romanization)

[ɡʲeɹɒː.t̪ʰǽn]


گراتن دوفینوآ

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گراتَن دوفینوآ

گراتَن دوفینوآ • (gerâtan dofinu'â)

fa-noun

گراتَن دوفینوآ

گراتَن دوفینوآ • (gerâtan dofinu'â)

گراتَن دوفینوآ (canonical)
gerâtan dofinu'â (romanization)

[ɡʲeɹɒː.t̪ʰǽn d̪ofiː.nuː.ʔɒ́ː]


راحت‌الحلقوم

راحتالحلقوم (canonical)
râhat-ol-holqum (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic رَاحَة الْحُلْقُوم (rāḥat al-ḥulqūm).

bor+

رَاحَة الْحُلْقُوم


زولبیا

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زولبیا • (zulbiyâ)

fa-noun

زولبیا • (zulbiyâ)

Derived from Classical Persian زلیبیا (zalībiyā, zilībiyā) or Sauraseni Apabhramsa (now جلیبی / जलेबी (jalebī)), from Arabic جُلَاب (julāb).


چاکلیت

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چاکلیت • (čâklêt)

fa-noun

چاکلیت • (čâklêt)

Ultimately from English chocolate, via Hindustani چاکلیٹ / चाकलेट (cākleṭ).


بریانی

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بریانی • (beryâni)

fa-noun

بریانی • (beryâni)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਰਿਆਨੀ (biriānī)

Shahmukhi script: بریانی (biryānī)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: बिरयानी (biryānī)
→ English: biryani
→ Malayalam: ബിരിയാണി (biriyāṇi)

desc

Urdu: بِرْیَانِی (biryānī)

Urdu: بِرْیَانِی (biryānī)

Classical Persian بریان (biryān) + ـی (-ē, “-ī”).


سبزی خوردن

sabzi khordan (a salad commonly served as a side dish in Iranian, Turkish and Armenian cuisine)


لوزینه

→ Lishana Deni: לוזינא (lōzīna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لوزینه (levzine), նավզինէ (navzine)

Turkish: nevzine

→ Armenian: նէվզինէ (nēvzinē)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwcynk' /lōzēnag/, “almond sweetmeat, marzipan”), which according to Eilers developed with a n → l sound change from earlier *nōčēnak (“pastry with pine nuts (which taste similar to almonds)”), a derivative of Old Persian 𐎴𐎢𐎨𐎡𐎴 (n-u-c-i-n /naucaina/, “of pine”, adjective), from *nauciš.
Akin to Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj), Khwarezmian [script needed] (lwzynyk), Classical Syriac ܠܘܙܐ (lūzā), Arabic لَوْز (lawz).


ریچار

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ریچار • (ričâr)

fa-noun

ریچار • (ričâr)

[ɾeː.t͡ʃɑːɾ]

[reː.t͡ʃʰɑːɾ]

[reː.t͡ʃʰɑːɾ]

[reː.t͡ʃʰɑːɾ]

[reː.t͡ʃʰɔːɾ]

[ɹiː.t͡ʃʰɒːɹ]

From a Middle Persian compound term the constituents of which are equivalent to Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬎𐬎𐬀 (raēθuua, “mélange”) and Persian آچار (âčâr, “pickle”) or its second part Persian چار (čâr, “means, remedy”), Avestan 𐬗𐬁𐬭𐬁 (cārā, “means, remedy”).

inattentive words, slanderous speech, trash talk


ماشاو

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ماشاو • (māšāv)

fa-noun

ماشاو • (māšāv)

→ Chagatai: ماشاب (maşab)

Suggested from the verb reconstructed in Proto-Balto-Slavic *mezgti (“to twist, to weave, to sew, to entangle etc.”) by Latvian mežģīt, Lithuanian mègzti and Proto-Slavic *mězgyrь (“tarantula”), Proto-Germanic *maskwǭ (“loop, knot; mesh”). See also Old Armenian մաղ (mał, “sieve”).

ماشیوه

māšēva ماشاو māšīva


قروت

Borrowed from Chagatai, cognate to Azerbaijani qurut.

ball-shaped dried yoghurt or curd, kashk


قورمه

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قورمه • (qôrma)

fa-noun

قورمه • (qôrma)

Dari: قورْمَه (qōrma)

Iranian Persian: قُرْمِه (ğorme)

Tajik: қӯрма (qürma)

→ Bengali: কোরমা (korma)

→ Gujarati: કોરમા (kormā)

→ Pashto: قورمه (qorma)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ोर्मा (qormā)

Urdu: قورْمَہ (qorma)

From earlier قاورمه (qāwurma), from Ottoman Turkish قاورمه (kavurma).


کامه

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کامه • (kāma)

fa-noun

کامه • (kāma)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾmk' /kāmag/, “soup, gruel”). Reborrowed from Arabic Aramaism كَامَخ (kāmaḵ) کامخ (kāmax).

inh+

(Classical Persian) a kind of sauce or pickle made of vinegar and sour milk


افشره

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افشره • (afšore)

fa-noun

افشره • (afšore)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: افشره (äfşürä)

Ottoman Turkish: افشره (efşüre)

From a Middle Persian term also borrowed in Old Armenian օշարակ (ōšarak) and Arabic أَفْشُرَج (ʔafšuraj) composed *Habí- + the stem of the present verb فشردن (fešordan, “to press”) diminutive *-akah.


مصا

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مصا • (masâ)

fa-noun

مصا • (masâ)


طاجین

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طاجین • (tâjin)

fa-noun

طاجین • (tâjin)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒíːn]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒíːn]

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic طجين (ṭajīn), طاجين (ṭājīn).


فلاته

filāta (romanization)
fulāta (romanization)

Inherited from Middle Persian, whence Arabic فَلَاتَج (falātaj), and apparently further Arabic forms from which Neo-Persian alternative forms were derived.

A sweetmeat manufactured from molasses into which milk and nuts are cooked