תורה

head

תורה • (torâ)

וֿלי כֿייר וצוֿאב ועלם תורה
רוֿד המראה וֿיי תא נזד יך תא

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

But kindness, good deeds and the knowledge of the Torah
Will accompany him all the way to God.

vali xeyr o savâb o elm-e torâ
ravad hamrâh-e vey tâ nazd-e yek tâ


حلال

fa-adj

حلال • (halâl) (comparative حلالتَر (halâl-tar), superlative حلالتَرین (halâl-tarin))

halâl (romanization)
حلالتَر (comparative)
حلالتَرین (superlative)


جهاد

head

جِهاد • (jehâd)

fa-noun

جِهاد • (jehâd)

[d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːð]

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

[d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́d̪]


امام

head

اِمام • (emâm) (plural اَئمه (a'emme) or اِمامان (emâmân))

اِمام (canonical)
emâm (romanization)
اَئمه (plural)
اِمامان (plural)

→ Gujarati: ઇમામ (imām)


مؤذن

Borrowed from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


ملا

head

ملا • (mollâ) (plural ملایان (mollâyân) or ملاها (mollâ-hâ))

mollâ (romanization)
ملایان (plural)
ملاها (plural)

Dari: ملا (mullā)

Iranian Persian: ملا (mollâ)

Tajik: мулло (mullo)

→ Arabic: مُلَّا (mullā)

→ Azerbaijani: molla

→ Bengali: মোল্লা (mōlla)

→ English: mullah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मुल्ला (mullā)

Urdu: مُلّا (mullā)

→ Indonesian: mullah

→ Japanese: ムッラー (murra)

→ Kazakh: молда (molda)

→ Korean: 물라 (mulla)

→ Kumyk: молла (molla)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مەلا (mela)

Northern Kurdish: mela

→ Kyrgyz: молдо (moldo)

→ Punjabi: ਮੁੱਲਾ (mullā)

→ Punjabi: ਸੁੱਲ (sulla), ਸੁੱਲੀ (sullī)

→ English: sulli

→ Serbo-Croatian: mula /мула

→ Spanish: mulá

→ Turkish: molla

→ Ukrainian: мулла́ (mullá)

Borrowed from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan). Doublet of مولا (mowlâ).


اسلام

اِسْلام • (eslâm)

fa-proper noun

اِسْلام • (eslâm)

اِسْلام (canonical)
eslâm (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām), from أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama).

etymon

اسلام دینی یکتاپرستانه و از دینهای ابراهیمی است.

Islam is a monotheistic religion and one of the Abrahamic religions.

eslâm dini yektâ-parastâne va az din-hâ-ye abrâhimi ast.


مسجد

head

مَسجِد • (masjed) (plural مساجد (masâjed) or مسجدها (masjed-hâ))

مَسجِد (canonical)
masjed (romanization)
مساجد (plural)
مسجدها (plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada)
Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid)bor.
Persian مسجد
Borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


سلام

head

سلام • (salâm)

fa-noun

سلام • (salâm)

→ Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)

→ Gujarati: સલામ (salām)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सलाम (salām)

Urdu: سلام (salām)

→ Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)

→ Kyrgyz: салам (salam)

→ Marathi: सलाम (salām)

→ Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)

→ Nepali: सलाम (salām)

→ Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)

→ Pashto: سلام (salām)

→ Sindhi: (salāmu)

Arabic script: سَلامُ

Devanagari script: सलामु

→ Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)

→ Turkmen: salam, selam

→ Uyghur: سالام (salam)

→ Uzbek: salom

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).

bor+

(Islam) the salam uttered at the end of prayer


سنت

head

سُنَّت • (sonnat) (plural سنتها (sonnat-hâ))

سُنَّت (canonical)
sonnat (romanization)
سنتها (plural)

(Islam) circumcision (excising the foreskin from the penis)


اسم

اسم • (esm) (plural اسمها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi) or اَسْماء (asmâ'))

esm (romanization)
اسمها (plural)
اسامی (plural)
اَسْماء (plural)

→ Bashkir: исем (isem)

→ Chagatai: اسم

Uzbek: ism

Uyghur: ئىسىم (isim)

→ Gujarati: ઇસમ (isam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इस्म (isma)

Urdu: اِسْم (ism)

→ Kannada: ಇಸಮು (isamu)

→ Kazakh: есім (esım)

→ Marathi: इसम (isam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسم (ism, isim)

Turkish: isim


نسخ

(calligraphy) Naskh (style of calligraphy)


ر

The twelfth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ذ and followed by ز. Its name is ره or رِ.


ر

(music) D, Re (the second note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Re (the second note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the supertonic)


الله

اَلله • (allâh)

fa-noun

اَلله • (allâh)

Borrowed from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.

ای دل از غیر مجو یاری واز خصم مترس
دولت و سلطنت آنست که الله دهد

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 122:

O heart, seek no support from others and fear not the adversary;
Sovereignty and kingship are what is given by Allah.

ay dil az ğayr majō yārī w-az xasm matars
dawlat u saltanat ān ast ki allāh dihad


رمضان

ramazân (romanization)
ramzân (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).


قاموس

head

قاموس • (qâmus)

fa-noun

قاموس • (qâmus)

Borrowed from Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).


باب

باب اسفنجی ― bâb esfanji ― SpongeBob

باب دیلن

A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Bob


قبرستان

head

قبرستان • (qabrestân) (plural قبرستانها (qabrestân-hâ))

qabrestân (romanization)
قبرستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કબ્રસ્તાન (kabrastān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬਰਸਤਾਨ (kabarstān)

Shahmukhi script: قبرستان (qabarstān)

From قَبْر (qabr, “grave”) + ـسْتان (-stân, “place”).


گورستان

head

گورِسْتان • (gurestân)

fa-noun

گورِسْتان • (gurestân)

گورِسْتان (canonical)
gurestân (romanization)

→ Middle Armenian: գօռըստան (gōṙəstan)

desc

→ Gujarati: ગોરિસ્તાન (goristān), ગોરસ્તાન (gorastān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोरिस्तान (goristān)

Urdu: گورِسْتان (goristān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰਸਤਾਨ (gorastān)

Shahmukhi script: گورستان (gorastān)

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡoː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡ̥uː.ɹes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From گور (gôr, “grave”) + ـسْتان (-stân, “place”).


تفنگ

head

تفنگ • (tofang) (plural تفنگها (tofang-hâ))

→ Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुफ़ंग (tufaṅg)

Urdu: تفنگ (tufáng)

→ Kermanic:

Abuzeydabadi: tafang

Abyanehi: tofang

Hanjani, Yarandi: tefeng

→ Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)

→ Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)

→ Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)

[t̪ʰu.fäŋɡ̥]

[t̪ʰo.fæɲɡʲ̥]

Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

Borrowed most likely from Chagatai or Khorezmian Turkic and borrowed at least semantically also from Ottoman Turkish تفنك (tüfenk), cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in the Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe propelling pebbles to kill birds, so called by onomatopoeia mimicking the sound made when it is puffed: Tüf! See Azerbaijani tüfəng for cognates. The terminus ante quem the tüfenk in the meaning of a matchlock-gun has resounded in Persian lands is the end of the Battle of Çaldıran where the Safavids incurred resounding defeat because of the Ottoman use of – then expensive – firearms to devastate the Persians as resolutely as never before because of the new Shia threat.


سلطان

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))

سُلْطان (canonical)
soltân (romanization)
سلاطین (plural)
سلطانها (plural)

→ Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)

→ Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)

→ Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुल्तान (sultān)

Urdu: سلطان (sultān)

→ Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)

→ Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)

desctree

→ Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
Gujarati: સરતાણ (sartāṇ), સુલતાન (sultān)
Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)

desc

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Sindhi: سُلْطانُ

→ Tatar: солтан (soltan)

→ Turkmen: soltan

→ Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)

→ Uzbek: sulton

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است

c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی:

Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?

juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast


کاپوت

head

کاپوت • (kâput)

fa-noun

کاپوت • (kâput)


نماز

head

نماز • (namâz) (plural نمازها (namâz-hâ))

→ Assamese: নামাজ (namaz)

→ Azerbaijani: namaz

→ Bashkir: намаҙ (namaź)

→ Bengali: নামাজ (namaz)

→ Mandarin: 乃瑪子 /乃玛子 (nǎimǎzi)

→ Georgian: ნამაზი (namazi)

→ Gujarati: નમાજ (namāj), નમાઝ (namājh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नमाज़ (namāz)

Urdu: نماز (namāz)

desc

→ Judeo-Tat: нумаз (numaz), нимаз (nimaz) ("synagogue")

→ Kazakh: намаз (namaz)

→ Middle Armenian: նամազ (namaz)

Armenian: նամազ (namaz)

→ Old Gujarati: निमाज (nimāja)

Gujarati: નિમાજ (nimāj), નિવાજ (nivāj)

Marwari: निमाज (nimāj), निवाज (nivāj)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نماز (namâz)
Turkish: namaz
→ Albanian: namaz
→ Crimean Tatar: namaz
→ English: namaz
→ Polish: namaz
→ Romanian: namaz
→ Russian: нама́з (namáz)
→ Serbo-Croatian: nàmāz /на̀ма̄з

→ Punjabi: نماز (namāz)

→ Sindhi: نماز (namāz)

→ Tatar: намаз (namaz)

desc

→ Thai: ละหมาด (lá-màat), นมาซ

→ Thai: ละหมาด (lá-màat), นมาซ

→ Uyghur: ناماز (namaz)

→ Uzbek: namoz

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭮𐭢𐭣𐭤 (OSGDE /namāz/, “reverence, prostration, prayer”) / 𐬥𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬰 (namāz), from Proto-Iranian *námah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *námas (“to bow, prostrate”), from Proto-Indo-European *némos (“(place of) sacrifice, worship”). Compare Sanskrit नमस् (namas), Ancient Greek νέμος (némos), Latin nemus.

inh

نماز جمعه

regular, prescribed prayer; (Islam) salat


مادر

head

مادَر • (mâdar) (plural مادران (mâdarân))

مادَر (canonical)
mâdar (romanization)
مادران (plural)
مادر (singular)
مادران، مادرا (mâdarấn, mâdarấ^△) (colloquial plural)
مادر را، مادر رو (mâdar râ, mâdaro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
مادر (ezafe singular)
مادران، مادرای (mâdarấn-e, mâdarấ-ye^△) (colloquial ezafe plural)
مادری (definite relative singular)
مادری (indefinite singular stressed)
مادرانی، مادرایی (mâdarấn-i, mâdarấi^△) (colloquial definite plural relative)
مادرانی، مادرایی (mâdarấn-i, mâdarấi^△) (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
مادرم (first-person possessive singular)
مادرانم، مادرام (mâdarấnam, mâdarấm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
مادرت (second-person singular)
مادرانت، مادرات (mâdarấnat, mâdarất^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
مادرش (possessive singular third-person)
مادرانش، مادراش (mâdarấnaš, mâdarấš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مادر

Turkish: mader

desc

→ Urdu: مادر

→ Urdu: مادر

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mādar), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (mātā), from Proto-Iranian *máHtā (compare Northern Kurdish mak, Baluchi مات (mát), Pashto مور (mor), Ossetian мад (mad), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHtā (compare Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Hindi माता (mātā), माँ (mā̃)), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (compare Armenian մայր (mayr), Greek μητέρα (mitéra), Russian мать (matʹ), Italian madre, English mother).

دائیتم. مادرت خواهرمه.

I'm your (maternal) uncle. Your mother is my sister.

فردا باید برم خونه مادرم.

I need to go to my mother's house tomorrow.


ریشه‌شناسی

head

ریشهشناسی • (riše-šenâsi)

fa-noun

ریشهشناسی • (riše-šenâsi)

ریشهشناسی (canonical)
riše-šenâsi (romanization)

af

ریشه (rêša) + ـشناسی (-šenâsi)


کلیسا

head

کلیسا • (kelisâ) (plural کلیساها (kelisâ-hâ))

→ Gujarati: કલીસા (kalīsā)

یار چون باشد شفیق و شیشه در پهلو رفیق
گر کلیسا باشد از خلد برین بهتر بود

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 163:

When the beloved is affectionate and the wine-glass is a companion by my side,
Even if it is a church, it is better than the highest paradise.

yār čūn bāšad šafīq u šīša dar pahlū rafīq
gar kalīsā bāšad az xuld-i barīn bihtar buwad


طالب

طالب • (tālib /tâleb) (plural طالبان or طلبه or طلاب)

tālib (romanization)
tâleb (romanization)
طالبان (plural)
طلبه (plural)
طلاب (plural)


محرم

(Islam) mahram; close family member who cannot be married


محرم

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram).


مارس

head

مارس • (mârs)

fa-noun

مارس • (mârs)

Borrowed from French Mars, from Latin Mārs.


بازار

head

بازار • (bâzâr) (plural بازارها (bâzâr-hâ))

Tajik: бозор (bozor)

→ Arabic: بازار (bāzār)

→ Assamese: বজাৰ (bozar)

→ Azerbaijani: bazar, базар, بازار

→ Bashkir: баҙар (baźar)

→ Bengali: বাজার (bajar)

→ Danish: basar

→ Dutch: bazaar

→ Esperanto: bazaro, budaro

→ Finnish: basaari

→ French: bazar

→ Greenlandic: basaari

→ Gujarati: બજાર (bajār)

→ Hajong: বাজাৰ (bajar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बाज़ार (bāzār)

Urdu: بازار (bāzār)

→ Hungarian: bazár

→ Hungarian: pazarol

→ Hungarian: vásár

→ Hungarian: vasárnap

→ Serbo-Croatian: vašar, ва́шар

desctree

→ Italian: bazar
→ English: bazaar
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: basar
Norwegian Nynorsk: basar
→ Portuguese: bazar

→ Khalaj: bâzâr

→ Kyrgyz: базар (bazar)

→ Marathi: बाजार (bājār)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: բազար (bazar), պազար (pazar)

Armenian: բազար (bazar)

→ Nepali: बजार (bajār)

→ Odia: ବଜାର (bajāra)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بازار (bâzâr), پازار (pâzâr)

Turkish: pazar

→ Albanian: pazar

→ Bulgarian: пазар (pazar)

→ Crimean Tatar: bazar

→ Macedonian: пазар (pazar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: pàzār, па̀за̄р

→ German: Basar

→ Hungarian: bazár

→ Greek: παζάρι (pazári)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਜਾਰ (bājār)

→ Russian: база́р (bazár)

→ Spanish: bazar

→ Swedish: basar

→ Tamil: பசார் (pacār)

desctree

→ Malay: pasar
Indonesian: pasar
→ Balinese: ᬧᬲᬃ (pasar)
→ Chinese: 巴剎 /巴刹
→ Peranakan Indonesian: pasat
→ Dutch: pasar
→ Javanese: ꦥꦱꦂ (pasar)
→ Petjo: passer
→ Dutch: passer
→ Sundanese: ᮕᮞᮁ (pasar)
→ Western Cham: [script needed] (pasar)
→ Khmer: ផ្សារ (phsaa)

→ Turkmen: bazar

→ Uyghur: بازار (bazar)

→ Mandarin: 巴扎 (bāzhā)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wes-der.
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.
Middle Persian wʾčʾl
Persian بازار
From Middle Persian wʾčʾl (wāzār, “market”); see it for further information.


لاستیک

head

لاستیک • (lâstik)

fa-noun

لاستیک • (lâstik)

[lɒːs.t̪ʰíːkʲ]

لاستیک ماشین پنچر شد.


تابوت

head

تابوت • (tâbut)

fa-noun

تابوت • (tâbut)

[t̪ʰɑː.búːt̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.búːt̪]

[t̪ʰɑː.búːt̪]

[t̪ʰɔː.bút̪]

[t̪ʰɒː.búːt̪]

یا تخت یا تابوت
yâ taxt yâ tâbut
either the throne or the coffin
(aphorism about the dangers of succession wars)


عورت

→ Azerbaijani: övrət

→ Bengali: অওরত (oōrot)

→ Garhwali: औरत (aurat)

→ Gujarati: ઓરત (orat)

→ Old Hindi:

Devanagari script: औरत (aurata)

desctree

Arabic script: عَورَت ('vrt)
Braj: औरत (aurat)
Bundeli: औरत (aurat)
Hindustani:
Hindi: औरत (aurat)
Urdu: عَورَت (‘aurat)
Kannauji: अउरत, औरत

→ Ottoman Turkish: عورت

Turkish: avrat

Punjabi: ਅਉਰਤ (aurat)

→ Sindhi: aurata

Arabic script: عَوْرَتَ

Devanagari script: औरत

Khudabadi script: 𑊹𑋙𑋍

→ Uzbek: avrat

(Islam) the pudenda or pudendum, the privy parts; nakedness


میزان

head

میزان • (mizân)

fa-noun

میزان • (mizân)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मीज़ान (mīzān)

Urdu: میزان (mīzān)

→ Uzbek: mezon


واجب

fa-adj

واجب • (vâjeb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਜਬ (vājab)

Shahmukhi script: واجب (vājab)

[wɑː.ˈd͡ʒiβ]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɑː.d͡ʒɪ́b]

[wɔː.d͡ʒíb̥]

[vɒː.d͡ʒéb̥]


شاهد

head

شاهد • (šâhed) (plural شاهدان (šâhedân) or شاهدها (šâhed-hâ) or شاهدین (šâhedin))

šâhed (romanization)
شاهدان (plural)
شاهدها (plural)
شاهدین (plural)
šâhed (romanization)
شواهد (plural)

→ Bashkir: шаһит (şahit)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाहिद (śāhid)

Urdu: شاہد (śāhid)

→ Pashto: شاهد (šāhéd)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹਦ (śāhad)

Shahmukhi script: شاہد (śāhid)

→ Uzbek: shohid

Borrowed from Arabic شاهِد (šāhid, “witness”).

bor+

قاضی به دو شاهد بدهد فتوی شرع
در مذهب عشق شاهدی بس باشد

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 44”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

The qadi gives the Holy Law's fatwa on [the word of] two witnesses;
In the doctrine of love, one beloved should be enough.

qāzī ba du šāhid bidahad fatwā-yi šar'
dar mazhab-i išq šāhidē bas bāšad

(archaic, literature) beauty; beautiful person; the beloved (so beautiful that their physical beauty illuminates or "testifies" to the beauty of God)


جامع

fa-adj

جامع • (jâme') (comparative جامعتَر (jâme'-tar), superlative جامعتَرین (jâme'-tarin))

jâme' (romanization)
جامعتَر (comparative)
جامعتَرین (superlative)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जामे (jāme)

Urdu: جامِع (jāmi')

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞ʔ]

[d͡ʒɑː.me̞ʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic جَامِع (jāmiʕ), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).

etymon

(Islam) (of a mosque) congregational or public


محمد

→ Bengali: মুহাম্মদ (muhammod)

→ Dhivehi: މުޙައްމަދ (muḥammad)

→ Gujarati: મુહંમદ (muhammad)

→ Hindustani:

desc

→ Hindi: मोहम्मद (mohammad), मुहम्मद (muhammad)

→ Urdu: مُحَمَّد (muhammad)

→ Kannada: ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ (muhammad)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਹੰਮਦ (muhammad)

Shahmukhi script: مُحَمَّد (muḥammad)

→ Sindhi: مُحَمَّد

→ Sindhi: مُحَمَّد

→ Telugu: మహమ్మద్ (mahammad)

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

bor+

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam, uncountable) Muhammad (the figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)

(Islam, uncountable) Muhammad (the 47th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an)


ریال

head

ریال • (riyâl)

fa-noun

ریال • (riyâl)

Compare Arabic ريال and Ottoman Turkish ریال, both from Spanish real.


جهنم

جَهَنَّم (canonical)
jahannam (romanization)

→ Bengali: জাহান্নাম (jahannam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)

Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)

Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)

Etymology tree
Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּםbor.
Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähänäm)influ.
Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam)bor.
Persian جهنم
Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם.

etymon

ar>جَهَنَّم>hell


جنس

head

جنس • (jens) (plural اجناس (ajnâs) or جنسها (jens-hâ))

jens (romanization)
اجناس (plural)
جنسها (plural)

جنس اسمها

(music) jins (set of stepwise pitches in Islamic music theory)


قطب

قطب • (qotb) (plural قطبها (qotb-hâ) or اقطاب (aqtâb))

qotb (romanization)
قطبها (plural)
اقطاب (plural)

(Sufism) saint; specifically, a high-ranking saint considered the "pole of the world".


عقرب

عقرب • (aqrab) (plural عقربها (aqrab-hâ))


پل

پُل (canonical)
pol (romanization)
پلها (plural)

→ Bengali: পুল (pul)

→ Romani: phurt

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭫𐭩 (puhl, “bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (compare English ford, German Furt, and Latin portus).


بسم الله

Borrowed from Arabic بِسْمِ ٱللّٰه (bismi llāh)

bor+

بِسْمِ ٱللّٰه


الماری

head

الماری • (almārī)

fa-noun

الماری • (almārī)

[ʔäl.mɑː.ɾíː]

Ultimately borrowed from Portuguese armário, from Latin armārium. Likely via Pashto and Urdu الماری.

(Dari, of a kitchen) cupboard, shelf; almirah


قاشق

qâšoq (romanization)
qâšeq (romanization)

→ Iraqi Arabic: خاشوغه (xāšūga)

desc

→ Pashto: کاچوغه (kāčúǧa), قاشوغه (kāšúǧa)

→ Punjabi: ਕਾਸਕ (kāsak) (uncommon)

Borrowed from Old Anatolian Turkish قاشق (qašuq, qašıq).

bor+

قاشق چایخوری

قاشق غذاخوری


لغت

head

لغت • (loğat) (plural لغتها (loğat-hâ) or لغات (loğât))

loğat (romanization)
لغتها (plural)
لغات (plural)

→ Gujarati: લુગત (lugat)

→ Middle Hindi: لغت (lġt /luġat/)

Hindustani: luġat

Hindi: लुग़त

Urdu: لُغَت

→ Punjabi: luġat

Gurmukhi script: ਲੁਗ਼ਤ

Shahmukhi script: لَُغَت

→ Sindhi: luġati

Arabic script: لُغَتِ

Devanagari script: लुग़ति

Khudabadi script: 𑋚𑋣𑊼𑋩𑋍𑋡

etymon

لُغَت


دختر

head

دُخْتَر • (doxtar) (plural دختران (doxtarân) or دخترها (doxtar-hâ))

دُخْتَر (canonical)
doxtar (romanization)
دختران (plural)
دخترها (plural)
دختر (singular)
دختران، دخترا (doxtarấn, doxtarấ^△) (plural)
دختر را، دختر رو (doxtar râ, doxtaro^△) (definite direct-object singular)
دختر (ezafe singular)
دختری (definite relative singular)
دختری (indefinite singular stressed)
دخترم (first-person possessive singular)
دخترت (second-person singular)
دخترش (possessive singular third-person)
دختر (singular)
duxtar (singular)
دختران (plural)
duxtarā́n (plural)
دختر را (definite direct-object singular)
duxtar rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
دختر ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
duxtara (definite direct-object singular)
دختران را (definite direct-object plural)
duxtarā́n rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
دخترا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
duxtarā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
دختر (singular)
duxtar-i (singular)
دختران (plural)
duxtarā́n-i (plural)
دخترای (Dari colloquial plural)
duxtarā́-yi (plural)
دختری (singular)
duxtar-ē (singular)
دخترانی (plural)
duxtarā́n-ē (plural)
دخترایی (Dari colloquial plural)
duxtarā́-yē (plural)
دخترم (first-person possessive singular)
دخترت (second-person singular)
دخترش، دخترشِی (duxtaraš, duxtaršī^△) (possessive singular third-person)
دخترتان (plural possessive second-person)
دخترشان (plural possessive third-person)

→ Gujarati: દુખ્તર (dukhtar)

desc

Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دُخْتَر (duxtar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुख़्तर (duxtar)

Urdu: دُخْتَر (duxtar)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: दूखतर (dūkhtar)

Mahajani script: 𑅥𑅒𑅖𑅣𑅭 (dukhtr)

→ Sindhi: duxtari

Arabic script: دُخْتَرِ

Devanagari script: दुख़्तरि

Khudabadi script: 𑋏𑋣𑊻𑋩𑋪𑋍𑋙𑋡

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪ʊx.t̪ʰäɾ]

[d̪uχ.t̪ʰäɾ]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwhtl /duxtar/), oblique case of [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwht' /duxt/), from Old Persian *duxçī-, from Proto-Iranian *dúgdā. Cognate with Vedic Sanskrit दुहिता (duhitā), Northern Kurdish dot, Pashto لور (lur), Mazanderani دتر (deter), Baluchi دہت (duht).


بیخودی

From بیخود (bixod, “selfless”) + ـی (-i).

(Sufism) selflessness (More than mere selflessness, it describes a state of ecstasy and joyous intoxication resulting from a state of unity with God.)


خدا

خُدا (canonical)
xodâ (romanization)
خدایان (plural)
خدایم (first-person predicative singular)
xodâyam (first-person predicative singular)
خدام (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
xodâm (first-person predicative singular)
خداییم (first-person plural predicative)
xodâyim (first-person plural predicative)
خدایی (predicative second-person singular)
xodâyi (predicative second-person singular)
خدایید (plural predicative second-person)
xodâyid (plural predicative second-person)
خدایین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
xodâyin (plural predicative second-person)
خداست (predicative singular third-person)
xodâst (predicative singular third-person)
خداس، خدائه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
xodâs, xodâe (predicative singular third-person)
خدایند (plural predicative third-person)
xodâyand (plural predicative third-person)
خدان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
xodân (plural predicative third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: xuda

→ Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)

→ Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)

→ Bengali: খোদা (khōda)

→ Chagatai: خدا

Uyghur: خۇدا (xuda)

Uzbek: xudo

⇒ Chinese:

→ Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)

→ Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà), 胡達 /胡达 (Húdá) (often Lanyin and Central Plains)

→ Crimean Tatar: quday

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)

→ Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)

→ Karakalpak: quday

→ Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)

→ Khakas: худай (xuday)

→ Khalaj: Xudâ

→ Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)

→ Kumyk: худай (xuday)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خدا

Turkish: hüda

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)

Shahmukhi script: خدا (xudā)

→ Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)

desc

→ Shor: қудай

→ Shor: қудай

→ Tatar: ходай (xoday)

→ Turkmen: hudaý

From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /xwadāy/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /mara/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).
Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (khoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).


چاقو

→ Middle Bengali: চাকু (caku)

Bengali: চাকু (caku)

→ Burushaski: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Georgian:

→ Georgian: ჯაყვა (ǯaq̇va)

→ Georgian: ჩაქუჩი (čakuči)

→ Gujarati: ચાકુ (cāku)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाकू (cākū), चाक़ू (cāqū)

Urdu: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Ishkashimi: چوقو (čoqu)

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕು (cāku)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: चाकू (cākū)

Latin script: chaku

→ Maithili: cākū

Devanagari script: चाकू

Tirhuta script: 𑒔𑒰𑒏𑒴

→ Marathi: चाकू (cākū)

desc

→ Marwari: चकू (cakū), चक्कू (cakkū), चाकू (cākū)

→ Munji: [script needed] (čoqūwa)

→ Nepali: चक्कु (cakku)

→ Odia: ଚାକୁ (cāku)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਕੂ (cākū)

Shahmukhi script: چاقُو (cāqū)

→ Marwari: चक्कू (cakkū)

→ Sarikoli: čōqы, čōqů

→ Semnani: čāqu

→ Shughni: čōqū, čōqūn

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: چاقُو

Devanagari script: चाकू

→ Telugu: చాకు (cāku)

→ Wakhi: čoqыw, čoqu

→ Yazghulami: čapqu, čapqů

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.quː]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.ʁuː]

From earlier چاکو (čākū) from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ckwc /čakuč/, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”). Related to Ottoman Turkish چاقی (çakı).

der

این چاقو تیز است. (more literary)
in čâqu tiz ast.

این چاقو تیزه. (more colloquial)

این خانم به دلیل ضربات چاقو به قلباش جان داد.

2021, “شروع محاکمه مرد افغان در آلمان به اتهام قتل خانماش در یک بس”, in dw.com, Deutsche Welle:

this lady passed away due to knife stabbings to the heart.

in xânom be dalil-e zarabât-e čâqu be qalb-eš jân dâd.


رسول

head

رسول • (rasul) (plural رسل (rosol) or رسولان (rasulân))

rasul (romanization)
رسل (plural)
رسولان (plural)


لا

(music) A, La (the sixth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) La (the sixth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the submediant)


بودا

بودا • (budâ)

fa-noun

بودا • (budâ)


باروت

head

باروت • (bârut)

fa-noun

باروت • (bârut)

→ Hindi: बारूत (bārūt)

→ Kurdish:

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: barût

desc

Central Kurdish: بارووت (barût), باڕووت (barrût)

Southern Kurdish: بارۊت (barüt)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਰੂਤ (bārūt)

→ Urdu: باروت (bārūt)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باروت (bârut), from Persian بارود (bârud), from Arabic بارود (bārūd).


کمر

→ Armenian: քամար (kʻamar)

→ Azerbaijani: kəmər

→ Middle Bengali: কমর (komor)

Bengali: কোমর (kōmor)

desctree

→ Georgian: ქამარი (kamari)
→ Bats: ქამარ (kamar)

→ Gujarati: કમર (kamar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमर (kamar)

Urdu: کمر (kamar)

→ Kashmiri: کَمَر (kamar)

→ Khalaj: kamar

→ Malay: kamar

→ Marathi: कंबर (kambar)

→ Punjabi: ਕਮਰ (kamar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمر (kemer)
Turkish: kemer
→ Albanian: qemer
→ Armenian: քէմէր (kʻēmēr), ք^յա̈մա̈ր (kʻʸämär)
→ Bulgarian: кеме́р (kemér)
→ Greek: κεμέρι (keméri)
→ Romanian: chimír, chimér

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kml /kamar/, “waist, belt, girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”) from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂m-ér-e-ti, from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”) (see there for further cognates). Doublet of کمرا (kamrâ).


کمرا

head

کمرا • (kamrâ)

fa-noun

کمرا • (kamrâ)

Reborrowed from Aramaic קמרא (qamrā) / Classical Syriac ܩܡܪܐ (qamrā, “girdle”) – in spite of the sense "vault" not being attested in Aramaic, and notwithstanding the sound correspondence /q/ → /k/, which is like in کما (komâ, kamâ) –, itself from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬𐭫𐭩 (kmly /kamar/, “girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”), the progenitor of کمر (kamar, “belt, arch”).

der

the string worn by the followers of Zoroaster


خلیفه

head

خلیفه • (xalife) (plural خلفا (xolafâ) or خلیفهها (xalife-hâ))

xalife (romanization)
خلفا (plural)
خلیفهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़लीफ़ा (xalīfā)

desctree

Urdu: خلیفہ (xalīfa)
→ Telugu: ఖలీఫా (khalīphā)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: خَلِیفَہ (xalīfa)

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਲੀਫ਼ਾ (xalīfā)

→ Sindhi: خليفو (xalīfo)


ابراهیم

head

ابراهیم • (ebrâhim)

fa-proper noun

ابراهیم • (ebrâhim)

Tajik: Иброҳим (Ibrohim)

→ Bengali: ইব্রাহীম (ibrahim)

→ Chagatai: ابراهیم

Uyghur: ئىبراھىم (ibrahim)

Uzbek: Ibrohim

→ Dhivehi: އިބްރާހީމް (ibrāhīm̊)

→ Gujarati: ઇબ્રાહીમ (ibrāhīm)

desc

→ Middle Hindi: ابراہیم (abrahym /ibrāhīm/)

Hindustani: ibrāhīm

Hindi: इब्राहीम

Hindi: इब्राहीम

Urdu: اِبْراہِیم

Urdu: اِبْراہِیم

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.ɦíːm]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.ɦíːm]

[ʔɪb.ɾɑː.jíːm]

[ʔeb.ɹɒː.ɦíːm]

Borrowed from Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm).

etymon

ar>إِبْرَاهِيم>prophet


شاه

desctree

→ Arabic: شَاه (šāh)
→ Basque: xake
→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque, xaque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
Italian: scacco
Old French: eschec
French: échec
→ Catalan: xec
→ Middle Dutch: scaec
Dutch: schaak
→ Danish: skak
→ Middle English: chek, chekke
English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
English: chess
Scots: chess
→ Middle High German: schāch
German: Schach
→ Russian: шах (šax)
→ Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Luxembourgish: Schach
→ Romanian: șah
→ Swedish: schack
→ Finnish: shakki, šakki
→ Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
→ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
Old French: eschekier, escheker, eschequier, eskekier
Middle French: eschiquier
French: échiquier
Norman: êchitchi
→ Middle English: escheker, cheker (see there for further descendants)

→ Azerbaijani: şah

→ Bashkir: шаһ (şah)

→ Belarusian: шах (šax)

→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)

→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)

→ Catalan: xa

→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)

→ Danish: shah

→ Dutch: sjah

→ English: shah

→ Estonian: šahh

→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki

→ French: schah, chah, shah

→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)

→ German: schah

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ (śāh)

→ Hungarian: sakk

→ Irish: seá

→ Italian: scià

→ Japanese: シャー (shā)

→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)

→ Khalaj: şâh

→ Korean: 샤 (sya)

→ Kumyk: шагь (şah)

→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)

→ Latvian: šahs

→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)

→ Lithuanian: šachas

→ Macedonian: шах (šah)

→ Malay: syah

→ Mongolian: шах (šax)

→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)

Armenian: շահ (šah)

→ Norwegian: sjah

→ Old Norse: skák
Faroese: skák
Icelandic: skák
Norwegian Bokmål: sjakk
Norwegian Nynorsk: sjakk

desc

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Odia: ଶାହା (śāhā), ସାହା (sāhā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه (şâh)

Turkish: şah

→ Albanian: shah

→ Hungarian: sah

→ Romanian: șah

→ Pashto: شاه (šāh)

→ Polish: szach

→ Portuguese: xá

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh)

Shahmukhi script: شاہ (śāh)

→ Romansch: schah

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шах

Latin script: šah

→ Spanish: sah

→ Swedish: shah

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠣ (śa)

→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)

→ Turkish: şah

→ Turkmen: şah

→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)

→ Uyghur: شاھ (shah)

→ Uzbek: shoh

→ Vietnamese: sa

→ Zazaki: şağ

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).


کی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kad /kay/, “legendary ancient king of Iran”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 (kauui, “poet, bard; vision-poet, Mazdean sacrificer”), from Proto-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-. The visionary poets of the Avesta were mistakenly interpreted as ancient kings by the Sasanian Zoroastrian priests.

der

(Iranian mythology) Key, Kay: the title of a number of legendary kings of Iran, belonging to the mythical Kayanian dynasty.


آتش

Tajik: оташ (otaš)

→ Bengali: আতশ (ātôş)

→ Gujarati: આતશ (atiş)

→ Northern Kurdish: atêş, ateş

→ Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

→ Kyrgyz: аташ (ataş)

→ Azerbaijani: atəş

→ Old Armenian: աթաշ (atʻaš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آتش (ateş)
Turkish: ateş

→ Turkmen: ataş

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आतिश (ātiś)

Urdu: آتش (ātiś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਤਸ਼ (ātaś)

Shahmukhi script: آتش (ātaś)

→ Uzbek: otash

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰéːʃ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰíːʃ]

From Middle Persian ʾthš (ātaxš, “fire”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬱 (ātarš, “fire”) for its special meaning in Zoroastrianism and well preserved unlike the other word آذر (âzar, “fire”). Doublet of آذر. Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for further information.


برادر

head

برادر • (barādar /barâdar or birādar /berâdar) (plural برادران or برادرها)

barādar (romanization)
barâdar (romanization)
birādar (romanization)
berâdar (romanization)
برادران (plural)
برادرها (plural)
برادرم (first-person possessive singular)
برادرت (second-person singular)
برادرش (possessive singular third-person)
برادرم (first-person possessive singular)
برادرت (second-person singular)
برادرش (possessive singular third-person)

→ Bashkir: борадәр (boradər)

→ Bengali: বেরাদর (berador)

→ Gujarati: બિરાદર (birādar)

→ Hindustani: birādar

desc

Hindi: बिरादर

Hindi: बिरादर

Urdu: بِرادَر

Urdu: بِرادَر

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
→ Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
→⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
→⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
→ Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер /burázer

→ Punjabi: barādar

Gurmukhi script: ਬਰਾਦਰ

Shahmukhi script: بَرادَر

→ Uzbek: birodar

→ Hindustani: birādarān

desc

Hindi: बिरादरान

Hindi: बिरादरान

Urdu: بِرادَران

Urdu: بِرادَران

[bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]

[bɪ.ɾɑː.d̪ǽɾ]

[bæ.ɹɒː.d̪ǽɹ]

[bä.ɾɔ.d̪ǽɾ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (brād, brādar), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (brātā), from Proto-Iranian *bráHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Cognate with English brother.


دو

(music) C, Do (the first note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Do (the first note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the tonic)


گلستان

→ Gujarati: ગુલિસ્તાન (gulistān)

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]


بهائی

fa-adj

بهائی • (bahâ'i)

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bä.ɦɑː.ʔiː]

[bæ.ɦɒː.ʔiː]

Baháʼí Baháʼí


علی

Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first imam of Shia Islam)


قرآن

head

قُرْآن • (qor'ân)

fa-proper noun

قُرْآن • (qor'ân)

قُرْآن (canonical)
qor'ân (romanization)

→ Bengali: কুরআন (kuran)

→ Gujarati: કુરાન (kurān)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: कुरांन (kurāṃna /kurā̃n/)
Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ुरान (qurān)
Urdu: قُرْآن (qur-ān)
→ New Sanskrit: कुरान (kurāna), कुराण (kurāṇa)

→ Kannada: ಕುರಾನ್ (kurān)

→ Maithili: kurān, korān

Devanagari script: कुरान, कॊरान

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒳𑒩𑒰𑒢, 𑒏𑒽𑒩𑒰𑒢

→ Malayalam: ഖുർആന് (khuṟāṉ)

→ Marathi: कुराण (kurāṇ)

→ Marwari: kurāṇ

Devanagari script: कुराण (kurāṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅕𑅒𑅭𑅢 (kurṇ /kurāṇ/)

→ Odia: କୁରାନ (kurāna)

→ Old Punjabi: ਕੁਰਾਣੁ (kurāṇu)
Punjabi: qurān
Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ੁਰਾਨ
Shahmukhi script: قُرآن

→ Sindhi: qurānu

Arabic script: قُرانُ

Devanagari script: क़ुरानु

Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋩𑋣𑋙𑋠𑋑𑋣

desc

→ Tamil: குர்ஆன் (kur’āṉ)

→ Tamil: குர்ஆன் (kur’āṉ)

→ Telugu: ఖోరాన్ (khōrān)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).


همسر

head

هَمسَر • (hamsar) (plural همسران (hamsarân))

هَمسَر (canonical)
hamsar (romanization)
همسران (plural)


موسیقی

→ Azerbaijani: musiqi

→ Central Kurdish: مووسیقی (mûsîqî)

→ Middle Hindi: موسیقی (mvsyqy)

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: मूसीक़ी (mūsīqī), मौसीक़ी (mausīqī)

Urdu: مُوسِیقِی (mūsīqī)

Urdu: مُوسِیقِی (mūsīqī)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: موسیقی (musiki)
Turkish: musiki

→ Pashto: موسيقي (musiqi)

→ Punjabi: mausīqī

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਸੀਕ਼ੀ

Shahmukhi script: مَوسِیقِی

Borrowed from Arabic مُوسِيقَى (mūsīqā), ultimately from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ).


ناهید

head

ناهید • (nâhid)

fa-proper noun

ناهید • (nâhid)

→ Gujarati: નાહીદ (nāhīd)

[nɒː.ɦiːd̪̥]

From earlier اَنَاهِید (anāhīd), from Middle Persian ʾnʾhyt' (anāhīd). Cognate with Northern Kurdish Nehîda, Nehî and Central Kurdish ناهیە (nahye), ناهێ (nahê).

planets of the Solar System: سیارههای منظومه شمسی: تیر · ناهید · زمین · مریخ · مشتری · زحل · اورانوس · نپتون [edit]


تومان

head

تومان • (tumân)

fa-noun

تومان • (tumân)

→ English: toman

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”) which Borrowed From Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰢𐰤 (tümen).

bor+

(historical) toman, a former unit of currency of Iran


رپ

که درد ورق قلم هدف همش ربط خاصی
 دارن به اوج و رشد و پیشرفت رپ فارسی

ke dard varaq qalam hadaf hamaš rabt-e xâssi
 dâran be owj o rošd o pišraft-e rap-e fârsi


مجلس

مَجْلِس (canonical)
majles (romanization)
مجالس (plural)

→ Bengali: মজলিস (mojoliś)

→ English: majlis

→ Finnish: majlis

→ Gujarati: મજલિસ (majlis)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मजलिस (majlis)

Urdu: مَجْلِس (majlis)

→ Portuguese: majlis

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਜਲਸ (majlas)

Shahmukhi script: مجلس (majlas)


مدرسه

head

مَدرِسه • (madrese) (plural مدرسهها (madrese-hâ) or مدارس (madâres))

مَدرِسه (canonical)
madrese (romanization)
مدرسهها (plural)
مدارس (plural)

→ Bashkir: мәҙрәсә (məźrəsə)

→ Bengali: মাদ্রাসা (madraśa)

→ Gujarati: મદરેસા (madresā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मद्रसा (madrasā)

Urdu: مَدْرِسَہ (madrisa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਦਰੱਸਾ (madrassā)

Shahmukhi script: مَدْرَسَہ (madrasah)

→ Tatar: мәдрәсә (mädräsä)

Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


جمهوری

head

جُمْهوری • (jomhuri) (plural جمهوریها (jomhuri-hâ))

جُمْهوری (canonical)
jomhuri (romanization)
جمهوریها (plural)

[d͡ʒä.muː.ɾíː]

Borrowed from Arabic جُمْهُورِيَّة (jumhūriyya), from Ottoman Turkish جمهوریت.

bor+

جُمْهُورِيَّة


زرتشت

desc

Tajik: Зардушт (Zardušt), Зартушт (Zartušt)

→ Arabic: زَرَادُشْت (zarādušt), زَرَادَشْت (zarādašt)

→ Azerbaijani: Zərdüşt

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: زەردۇشت (zerdusht)

Uzbek: Zardusht

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज़रतुश्त (zartuśt)

Urdu: زَرتُشت (zartušt, zartašt)

→ Turkish: Zerdüşt

→ Zazaki: Zerduşt

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰʊ́ʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

[zæɹ.t̪ʰóʃt̪]

[zäɾ.t̪ʰúʃt̪]

From Middle Persian 𐭦𐭫𐭲𐭥𐭱𐭲 (zltwšt /Zardu(x)št/), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬋 (zaraθuštrō).

uder

Zoroaster, alternatively spelt Zarathustra


حق

head

حَقّ • (haqq) (plural حُقوق (hoquq) or حقها (haqq-hâ))

حَقّ (canonical)
haqq (romanization)
حُقوق (plural)
حقها (plural)

→ Assamese: সক (xok)

→ Bengali: হক (hok)

→ Dhivehi: ހައްގު (haggu)

→ Gujarati: હક (hak)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हक़ (haq)

desctree

Urdu: حق (haq)
→ Kannada: ಹಕ್ಕು (hakku)
→ Telugu: హక్కు (hakku)
→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

→ Marathi: हक्क (hakka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਕ (hakka)

Shahmukhi script: حَق (ḥaq)

→ Rohingya:

Latin script: hók

Arabic script: حࣤ࣪قۡ

Hanifi Rohingya script: 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 (hók)


پول

head

پول • (pul or pôl) (plural پولها (pul-hâ))

pul (romanization)
pôl (romanization)
پولها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pul

→ English: pul

desc

→ Old East Slavic: пулъ (pulŭ, “a kind of Tatar coin”) (via a Turkic language)

Russian: пул (pul), пу́ло (púlo)

→ Old Georgian: ფოლი (poli)

Georgian: ფული (puli)

→ Kazakh: пұл (pūl)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: پووڵ (pûll)

Northern Kurdish: pûl

→ Old Armenian: փող (pʻoł)

Armenian: փող (pʻoġ)

Ottoman Turkish: پول

Turkish: pul

→ Macedonian: пул (pul)

→ Turkmen: pul

→ Uyghur: پۇل (pul)

→ Uzbek: pul

→ Yagnobi: пул (pul)

From Middle Persian *pōl, perhaps a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀβολός (obolós).

فعلا پول ندارم.


ولایت فقیه

From Arabic ولايَة الفقيه (wilāyat al-faqīh).

uder

ولايَة الفقيه

Arabic ولايَة الفقيه

branches of government
branches of government

“Protectorship of the Islamic Jurists”; a system of government wherein the Islamic clergy (ulema) have the ultimate say in the military, judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government.


واژه

head

واژه • (vâže) (plural واژهها (vâže-hâ) or واژگان (vâžegân))

vâže (romanization)
واژهها (plural)
واژگان (plural)

Middle Iranian. Compare Middle Persian wʾck' (wāzag, “utterance, saying”).

cog

اگر معنی آن است که او گفته، واژه نهار معمول ابتغاء است

c. 1599, Bahāʾ al‐Dīn ʿĀmilī, “Section I, Part I”, in کشکول:

If the meaning is that which he has stated, the word nahār is [grammatically] operated on by ibtiḡāʔ

agar ma'ni ân ast ke u gofte, vâže-ye nahâr ma'mul-e ebteğâ' ast

واژه بس فارسی است و عوام عرب آن را بعاریت گرفتهاند و بصورتهای گوناگونی چون بسک و بسی (ترا بس، مرا بس) بکارش میبرند. و با آن که ایرانیان را واژه دیگری بهمان معنی نیست، اعراب را برای آن معنی واژههای دیگری است از جمله: حسب، بجل و قط و . . .

c. 1599, Bahāʾ al‐Dīn ʿĀmilī, “Section I, Part II”, in کشکول:

The word bas is Persian, and the Arab commoners have borrowed it and used it in various ways, such as basika and basī ("enough for you", "enough for me"). Although Iranians have no synonymous word, Arabs have other words with this meaning, including: ḥasb, bajal, qaṭṭ, and ...

vâže-ye bas fârsi ast va avâmm-e arab ân râ be âriyat gerefe'and va be surat-hâ-ye gunâguni čun baseka va basi (to-râ bas, marâ bas) be kâraš mibarand. va bâ ân ke irâniyân râ vâže-ye digari be ham-ân ma'ni nist, a'râb râ barây-e ân ma'ni vâže-hâ-ye digari ast az jomle: hasb, bajal va qatt va ...


شعر

head

شعر • (še'r) (plural شعرها (še'r-hâ) or اشعار (aš'âr))

še'r (romanization)
شعرها (plural)
اشعار (plural)


شاعر

شاعر • (šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šâ'erân) or شاعرها (šâ'er-hâ) or شعرا (šo'arâ))

šâ'er (romanization)
شاعران (plural)
شاعرها (plural)
شعرا (plural)

→ Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)

→ Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

→ Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

→ Nepali: सायर (sāyar)

→ Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

→ Rohingya: cáaer

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: شاعِرُ

Devanagari script: शाइरु

Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)


حج

ای قوم به حج رفته کجایید کجایید
معشوق همین جاست بیایید بیایید

O, you people who have performed hajj, where are you? Where are you?
The beloved is right here, come! Come!


اسلامی

fa-adj

اسلامی • (eslâmi)


شهید

head

شهید • (šahid) (plural شهیدان (šahidân) or شهدا (šohadâ) or شهیدها (šahid-hâ))

šahid (romanization)
شهیدان (plural)
شهدا (plural)
شهیدها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: शहीद (śahīd)

Urdu: شَہِید (śahīd)

گر خطا گوید و را خاطی مگو
گر بود پر خون شهید او را مشو

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1766:

If he (the lover) speak faultily, do not call him faulty;
and if the martyr be bathed in blood, do not wash him.

gar xatā gōyad u rā xātī ma-gō
gar buwad pur xūn šahīd ō rā ma-šō


بهمن

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (whwmn’ /wahman/), from Old Persian *Vahumanah, name of the first Amahraspand (divine deity) in Zoroastrianism, guardian of cattle, in Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (vohu manah). Also showing botanical meanings in Middle Persian, from which Classical Syriac ܒܗܡܢ (bahman) and Arabic بَهْمَن (bahman) are borrowed.


فرهنگ

head

فَرْهَنْگ • (farhang) (plural فَرهَنگها (farhang-hâ))

فَرْهَنْگ (canonical)
farhang (romanization)
فَرهَنگها (plural)
فرهنگ (singular)
فرهنگ (ezafe singular)
فرهنگی (definite relative singular)
فرهنگی (indefinite singular stressed)
فرهنگم (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگت (second-person singular)
فرهنگش (possessive singular third-person)
فرهنگ (singular)
farhang (singular)
فرهنگها (plural)
farhang-hā́ (plural)
فرهنگ را (definite direct-object singular)
farhang rā́ (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگ ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object singular)
farhanga (definite direct-object singular)
فرهنگها را (definite direct-object plural)
farhang-hā́ rā́ (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگا ره (Dari colloquial definite direct-object plural)
farhangā́ ra (definite direct-object plural)
فرهنگ (singular)
farhang-i (singular)
فرهنگهای (plural)
farhang-hā́-yi (plural)
فرهنگای (Dari colloquial plural)
farhangā́-yi (plural)
فرهنگی (singular)
farhang-ē (singular)
فرهنگهایی (plural)
farhangā́n-ē, farhang-hā́-ē (plural)
فرهنگایی (Dari colloquial plural)
farhangā́-yē (plural)
فرهنگم (first-person possessive singular)
فرهنگت (second-person singular)
فرهنگتان (plural possessive second-person)
فرهنگشان (plural possessive third-person)

[fæɹ.hǽɲɡʲ̥]

Deverbal noun of فرهیختن (farhixtan). From Middle Persian plʾhng (/frahang/, “education, knowledge; dictionary”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *θanǰáyati; see there for further information. Compare Old Armenian հրահանգ (hrahang), an Iranian loanword.

inh

نشان فرهنگ و هنر

فرهنگ و تمدن ایران


دانشجو

head

دانِشْجو • (dânešju) (plural دانِشجویان (dânešjuyân) or دانِشجوها (dânešju-hâ))

دانِشْجو (canonical)
dânešju (romanization)
دانِشجویان (plural)
دانِشجوها (plural)

→ Urdu: دانش جو (dāniś-jū)

[d̪ɒː.neʃ.d͡ʒúː]

Higher education student, a university student


مردم‌سالاری

مردمسالاری • (mardom-sâlâri)

fa-noun

مردمسالاری • (mardom-sâlâri)

مردمسالاری (canonical)
mardom-sâlâri (romanization)

A compound of مردم (mardom, “people”) + سالاری (sâlâri, “rule”), Calque of Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).

calque

fa:مردم‌سالاری


اوستا

head

اوستا • (avestâ)

fa-proper noun

اوستا • (avestâ)

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wäs.t̪ʰɔ́ː]

[ʔä.väs.t̪ʰɔ́]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (abestāg /ʾp(y)stʾk'/). Of unknown meaning, but probably from Avestan; possibly 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬬𐬀𐬐𐬀 (upastāvaka, “praise”), from 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (upastaoⁱti, “he praises”), from -𐬎𐬞𐬀 (-upa, “up to, at”) << Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)upamás << Proto-Indo-European *upó + 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (staoⁱti, “he praises”) (see Sanskrit स्तुति (stuti, “praise”)), though this is not actually attested in any Avestan texts.


شکر

head

شکر • (šokr)

fa-noun

شکر • (šokr)

شکر کردن

خدا را شکر!

(especially religion) thankfulness, gratitude


حال

head

حال • (hâl) (plural حالات (hâlât) or احوال (ahvâl))

hâl (romanization)
حالات (plural)
احوال (plural)

→ Hindi: हाल (hāl)

→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)

→ Urdu: حال (hāl)

(including Sufism) ecstatic or mystical state

condition; state
ecstatic or mystical state

زمان حال
زمان حال#Persian

Short for زمان حال (zamân-e hâl, “(grammar) the present tense”).


معلم

معلم • (mu'allim /mo'allem) (plural معلمان or معلمها or معلمون)

mu'allim (romanization)
mo'allem (romanization)
معلمان (plural)
معلمها (plural)
معلمون (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim).


اسکناس

head

اسکناس • (eskenâs) (plural اسکناسها (eskenâs-hâ))

eskenâs (romanization)
اسکناسها (plural)

Borrowed from Russian ассигнация (assignacija), either from French assignat, or from Polish asygnacja.


حجاب

head

حجاب • (hejâb)

fa-noun

حجاب • (hejâb)

[hi.ˈd͡ʒɑːβ]

[hɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[hɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪ.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[ʔi.d͡ʒɔ́ːb̥]

حجاب مسأله مهم کشور است

Hijab is an important issue for the country


یهودیت

yahūdiyyat (romanization)
yahudiyyat (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic يَهُودِيَّة (yahūdiyya). By surface analysis, یهود (yahūd /yahud) + ـیت (-iyyat /-iyyat).


نوروز

nawrōz (romanization)
nowruz (romanization)
نوروز (singular)
نوروزها، نوروزا (nowruz-hấ, nowruzấ^△) (plural)
نوروز (ezafe singular)
نوروزی (definite relative singular)
نوروزی (indefinite singular stressed)
نوروزم (first-person possessive singular)
نوروزت (second-person singular)
نوروزش (possessive singular third-person)

desc

→ Arabic: نَوْرُوز (nawrūz), نَيْرُوز (nayrūz)

→ Azerbaijani: Novruz

→ Bashkir: Науруз (Nawruz)

→ Bengali: নওরোজ (nôoroz), নওরোজা (nôoroza)

→ Gujarati: નવરોજ (navroj)

→ Kazakh: Наурыз (Nauryz)

→ Northern Kurdish: newroz

→ Kyrgyz: Нооруз (Nooruz)

→ Russian: Навруз (Navruz)

→ Turkish: Nevruz

→ Turkmen: Nowruz

→ Uzbek: Navroʻz

→ Uyghur: نورۇز (noruz)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *new-
Proto-Indo-European *néwos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas
Proto-Iranian *náwah
Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nʿky)
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
Proto-Iranian *ráwčah
Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm)
Middle Persian nwklwc
Persian نوروز
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwklwc /nōg-rōz/, “New Year's day”) (Pazend 𐬥𐬋𐬭𐬋𐬰 (nōrōz)), from 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nwky /nōg/, “new”) + 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM /rōz/, “day”). By surface analysis, نو (naw /now, “new”) + روز (rōz /ruz, “day”).

surf

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh, "پادشاهی بهرام گور"
چو شد ساخته کار آتشکده
همان جای نوروز و جشن سده
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
خود و نامداران و آزادگان
ču šud sâxta kâr-i âtaškada
hamân jây-i nawrôz u jašn-i sada
biyâmad sôy-i âzarâbâdagân
xwad u nâmdârân u âzâdagân

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

بر چهرهٔ گل نسیم نوروز خوش است
در صحن چمن روی دلافروز خوش است
از دی که گذشت هر چه گویی خوش نیست
خوش باش و ز دی مگو که امروز خوش است
bar čihra-i gul nasîm-i nawrôz xwaš ast
dar sahn-i čaman rôy-i dil-afrôz xwaš ast
az dî ki guzašt har či gôyî xwaš nêst

1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubaiyat, ruba'i #19

xwaš bâš u zi dî ma-gô ki imrôz xvaš ast

نظر به روی تو هر بامداد نوروزیست
شب فراق تو هر شب که هست یلداییست
nazar ba rôy-i tu har bâmdâd nawrôzêst

1184-1291, Saadi Shirazi, Divan, ghazal #112

šab-i firâq-i tu har šab ki hast yaldâêst

مستی و عاشقی و جوانی و یار ما
نوروز و نوبهار و حمل میزند صلا
هرگز ندیده چشم جهان این چنین بهار
میروید از زمین و ز کهسار کیمیا
mastî u âšiqî u javânî u yâr-i mâ
nawrôz u nawbahâr u hamal mê-zanad salâ
hargiz nadîda čašm-i jahân în čunîn bahâr

1207-1273, Rumi, Divan-e Shams, tarji' #7

Nowruz, New Year in the Iranian and Zoroastrian calendar, celebrated on the spring equinox.


کتابخانه

head

کِتابْخانِه • (ketâbxâne) (plural کتابخانهها (ketâbxâne-hâ))

کِتابْخانِه (canonical)
ketâbxâne (romanization)
کتابخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani:

→ Arabic script: کتابخانه

→ Cyrillic script: китабхана

→ Latin script: kitabxana

→ Bashkir: китапхана (kitapxana)

→ Bengali: কুতুবখানা (kutubkhana)

→ Kazakh: кітапхана (kıtapxana)

→ Kyrgyz: китепкана (kitepkana)

→ Malay: kutubkhanah

→ Tatar: китапханә (kitapxanä)

→ Turkmen: kitaphana

→ Urdu: کُتُب خانَہ (kutub xānā)

→ Uyghur: كۇتۇپخانا (kutupxana)

→ Uzbek: kutubxona

From کتاب (ketâb, “book”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).

affix

کتابخانه درس میخوانی یا خانه؟


میز

→ Azerbaijani: (South Azerbaijani) miz

→ Armenian: մեզ (mez)

→ Gulf Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Omani Arabic: ميز (mēz)

→ Maore Comorian: meza

→ Swahili: meza (see there for further descendants)

→ Bashkardi:

Minabi: میز (miz)

→ Bengali: মেজ (mez)

→ Kermanic: mīz

→ Hindi: मेज़ (mez)

→ Ishkashimi: میز (mēz)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: مێز (mêz)

Northern Kurdish: mêz

→ Marathi: मेज (mej̈)

→ Ormuri: میز (mez)

→ Parachi: میز (mēz)

→ Pashto: مېز (mez)

→ Punjabi: ਮੇਜ਼ (mez), ਮੇਜ (mej)

→ Sanglechi: میز (mēz)

→ Shughni: mēz

→ Talysh: миз (miz)

→ Urdu: میز (mez)

→ Wakhi: miz

→ Yidgha: میز (mīz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (myʾzd /mēzd/, “sacrifice, offering meal; table”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mēzag, “small table”), from Proto-Iranian *m(i)yazda- (“sacrificial food”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *myázdʰas (“sacrificial oblation”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀 (myazda, “sacrifice”), Khotanese [script needed] (mastāña, “fodder”), Sanskrit मियेध (miyédha, “sacrificial oblation, offering of food”); see the Sanskrit term for theories on the root.

cog

میزِ آرایِش


شیرین

head

شیرین • (širin)

fa-proper noun

شیرین • (širin)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šylyn' /šīrēn/, “sweet”), from [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl /šīr/, “milk”). By surface analysis, شیر (šir, “milk”) + ـین (-in, adjective-deriving suffix).

surf

Shirin (queen of Armenia and wife of Khosrow II, a character in the Shahnameh and in Khosrow and Shirin)

a female given name, Shirin, from Middle Persian


دیو

head

دیو • (dēw /div) (plural دیوان or دیوها)

dēw (romanization)
div (romanization)
دیوان (plural)
دیوها (plural)

Dari: دیوْ (dēw)

Iranian Persian: دیوْ (div, “demon”)

→ English: div

Tajik: дев (dev)

→ Bengali: দেও (deō)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देव (dev)

Urdu: دیوْ (dev)

→ Kazakh: дәу (däu)

→ Turkmen: döw

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیو (div)
Turkish: dev, div
→ Serbo-Croatian: div / див

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *deywós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás
Proto-Iranian *daywáh
Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v)
Persian دیو
Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /dēw/, “evil spirit, forces of the Evil One”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (daiva-), from Proto-Iranian *daywáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

inh+

demon, devil, goblin; evil supernatural creature

(Islam) wicked jinn; sometimes contrasted with پری (pari, “fairy, good jinn”).

(Zoroastrianism) daeva, a spirit of evil


عیسی

head

عیسی • ('isâ)

fa-proper noun

عیسی • ('isâ)

Tajik: Исо (Iso)

→ Chagatai:

Uzbek: Iso

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ईसा (īsā)

Urdu: عِیسیٰ ('īsā)

→ Kazakh: Иса (İsa), Ыйса (Yisa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਈਸਾ (īsā)

Shahmukhi script: عِیسیٰ (ʻīsá)

→ Rohingya: Isá

→ Sylheti: ꠁꠍꠣ (isá)


رژیم

head

رژیم • (režim)

fa-noun

رژیم • (režim)


تار

→ English: tar

→ Hindi: तार (tār)

→ Armenian: թառ (tʻaṙ)

→ Uyghur: تار (tar)

From Proto-Iranian *tánθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”); see there for further information. Cognate to tantra.

der

tar (a classical musical instrument of Persia)


حافظ

head

حافظ • (hâfez) (plural حافظان (hâfezân))

From Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), the active participle of the verb حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to preserve, to protect, to defend”).

hafiz (one who knows the Qur'an by heart)


وکیل

وکیل • (vakil) (plural وکلا (vokalâ) or وکیلها (vakil-hâ) or وکیلان (vakilân))

vakil (romanization)
وکلا (plural)
وکیلها (plural)
وکیلان (plural)

→ Assamese: উকিল (ukil)

→ Bengali: উকিল (ukil)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वकील (vakīl)

Urdu: وکیل (vakīl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕੀਲ (vakīl)

Shahmukhi script: وکیل (vakil)

→ Sindhi: وڪيل (vakīlu)

→ Tamil: வக்கீல் (vakkīl)

→ Malayalam: വക്കീൽ (vakkīl)


سیاستمدار

سیاستمدار • (siyâsatmadâr) (plural سیاستمداران (siyâsatmadârân))

siyâsatmadâr (romanization)
سیاستمداران (plural)

fa:سیاستمدار


تخت

→ Arabic: تَخْت (taḵt)

→ Azerbaijani: təxt, taxt

→ Avar: тах (tax)

→ Bashkir: тәхет (təxet)

→ Chagatai: تخت

Uyghur: تەخت (text)

Uzbek: taxt

→ Gujarati: તખ્ત (takht)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तख़्त (taxt)

Urdu: تخت (taxt)

→ Kazakh: тақ (taq)

→ Kyrgyz: так (tak)

→ Lezgi: тахт (taꭓt)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: թախթ (tʻaxtʻ), թախտ (tʻaxt), թաղտ (tʻaġt), թաղթ (tʻaġtʻ)

Armenian: (in some dialects via Ottoman Turkish) թախտ (tʻaxt)

→ Malay: takhta
Indonesian: takhta

→ Northern Kurdish: text

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تخت (taht)
Turkish: taht
→ Romanian: taht, taft
→ Serbo-Croatian: taht, тахт

→ Pashto: تخت (taxt)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਖ਼ਤ (taxat)

Shahmukhi script: تَخْت (taxt)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: تخت

Devanagari script: तख्तु

→ Tatar: тәхет (täxet)

→ Turkmen: tagt

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tʾht' /taxt/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Central Kurdish تات (tat).

der

این محبت هم نتیجهی دانش است
کی گزافه بر چنین تختی نشست

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1532:

This love, moreover, is the result of knowledge:
who (ever) sat in foolishness on such a throne?

īn mahabbat ham natīja-i dāniš ast
kī gazāfa bar čunīn taxt-ē nišast


دولت

head

دُوْلَت • (dowlat) (plural دولتها (dowlat-hâ) or دول (doval))

دُوْلَت (canonical)
dowlat (romanization)
دولتها (plural)
دول (plural)

→ Assamese: দৌলত (doulot)

→ Azerbaijani: dövlət

→ Bengali: দৌলত (dōulot)

→ Georgian: დოვლათი (dovlati)

→ Gujarati: દોલત (dolat)

desc

Gujarati: دولت (daulat) — Lisan ud-Dawat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दौलत (daulat)

Urdu: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Kannada: ದೌಲತ್ತು (daulattu)

→ Kazakh: дәулет (däulet)

→ Kyrgyz: дөөлөт (döölöt)

→ Maithili: daulti

Devanagari script: दौलति

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒾𑒪𑒞𑒱

→ Malayalam: ദൌലത്ത് (daulattŭ)

→ Marathi: दौलत (daulat)

→ Marwari: दौलत (daulat)

→ Nepali: दौलत (daulat)

→ Odia: ଦୌଲତ (daulata)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੌਲਤ (daulat)

Shahmukhi script: دَولَت (daulat)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: دَوْلَتَ

Devanagari script: दौलत

→ Tamil: தௌலத்து (taulattu), தௌலத் (taulat)

→ Tatar: дәүләт (däwlät)

→ Telugu: దౌలత్తు (daulattu)

→ Turkmen: döwlet

→ Uzbek: davlat

Borrowed from Arabic دَوْلَة (dawla).
In medieval sources, it most commonly means "fortune" or "stroke of good fortune," especially associated with the ruling monarch. The word now means "state; government" due to metonymy: "the royal fortune" > "the king's dominion" > "the government of the king". Up to the nineteenth century, the ruling state was most often called دولت عالیه (dowlat-e âliyye, literally “the sublime fortune [of the king]”).

کارمند دولت

مجلس شورای اسلامی در ایران وظیفه قانون گذاری و نظارت بر دولت را دارد.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran has the duties of lawmaking and supervision of the government.

majles-e šowrâ-ye eslâmi dar irân vazife-ye qânun-gozâri va nazârat bar dowlat râ dârad.


دیر

head

دیر • (deyr) (plural ادیار (adyâr) or دیرها (deyr-hâ))

deyr (romanization)
ادیار (plural)
دیرها (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic دَيْر (dayr); see there for further information.


گویش

گویِش • (guyeš) (plural گویشها (guyeš-hâ))

گویِش (canonical)
guyeš (romanization)
گویشها (plural)

From گوی (guy-, present stem of گفتن (goftan, “to say”)) + ـش (-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">گفتن</i> (goftan, “to say”)

آهنگی با گویش محلی

گویش یهودیان ایران


فرشته

head

فرشته • (ferešte) (plural فرشتهها (ferešte-hâ) or فرشتگان (fereštegân))

ferešte (romanization)
فرشتهها (plural)
فرشتگان (plural)

→ Bengali: ফেরেশতা (feresta)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرشته (firişte, ferişte, ferişta)

> Turkish: ferişte, feriştah (inherited)

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ (fariśtā)

→ Urdu: فَرِشْتَہ (fariśta)

→ Uyghur: پەرىشتە (perishte)

→ Uzbek: farishta

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

[fä.ɾɪʃ.t̪ʰǽ]

Etymology tree
Middle Persian plystk'
Persian فرشته
From Middle Persian plystk' (frēstag, “apostle; angel”) [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (plystky, “messenger”). Compare Manichaean Middle Persian frystg, prystg (frēstag), hrystg (hrēstag, “apostle; angle”), Manichaean Parthian fryštg (frēštag, “apostle; angel”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀- (fraēšta-, “messenger”), Middle Iranian borrowings Old Armenian հրեշտակ (hreštak), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פרסתקא (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”), and Classical Syriac ܦܪܣܬܩܐ (prestəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”).

cog

چون فرشته بود همچون دیو شد
کان ملاحت اندر او عاریه بد

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 713:

She was like an angel, she became like a demon,
for that loveliness in her was a borrowed (transient) thing.

čūn farišta būd hamčūn dēw šud
k-ān malāhat andar ō 'āriya bud

angel (divine and supernatural messenger from a deity)


رئیس

head

رَئیس • (ra'is) (plural رؤسا (ro'asâ) or رؤساء (ro'asâ'))

رَئیس (canonical)
ra'is (romanization)
رؤسا (plural)
رؤساء (plural)

→ Urdu: رَئِیس (raīs)

From Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs), from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be at the head”).


انتخاب

اِنْتِخاب • (entexâb) (plural انتخابات (entexâbât))

اِنْتِخاب (canonical)
entexâb (romanization)
انتخابات (plural)

Tajik: интихоб (intixob)

→ Bengali: ইন্তেখাব (intekhab)

→ Dhivehi: އިންތިޚާބް (in̊tixāb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंतख़ाब (intaxāb)

Urdu: اِنْتِخاب (intixāb)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ʰɪ.xɑ́ːb]

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْتِخَاب (intiḵāb).

bor+

در انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده است؟ (more literary)
dar entexâbât-e torkiye ki entexâb šode ast?

تو انتخابات ترکیه کی انتخاب شده؟ (more colloquial)

Who has been elected in the Turkish elections?


نامزد

head

نامزد • (nâmzad)

fa-noun

نامزد • (nâmzad)

→ Azerbaijani: namizəd

→ Gujarati: નામજદ (nāmjad)

→ Northern Kurdish: namzet

→ Ottoman Turkish: نامزد (namzed)

Turkish: namzet

→ Tatar: namzät


ریاست

→ Azerbaijani: rəyasət

→ Turkish: riyaset

→ Uyghur: رىياسەت (riyaset)

→ Uzbek: riyosat

→ Urdu: رِیاسَت (riyāsat)

انتخابات ریاست


لواط

head

لواط • (lavât)

fa-noun

لواط • (lavât)

Borrowed from Arabic لِوَاط (liwāṭ); ultimately from لُوط (lūṭ).

(Islam) male homosexual intercourse, sodomy


پوتین

Transliteration of Russian Пу́тин (Pútin).

transliteration

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin).

Vladimir Putin; Russian president, 2012–current


آتشکده

head

آتشکده • (âtaškade) (plural آتشکدهها (âtaškade-hâ))

âtaškade (romanization)
آتشکدهها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɔː.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.kʰʲæ.d̪é]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.kʰä.d̪ǽ]


راست

راست • (râst)

fa-noun

راست • (râst)

→ Armenian: ռաստ (ṙast)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रास्त (rāst)

Urdu: راست (rāst)

→ Kazakh: рас (ras)

→ Khalaj: râst

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: راست (râst)
Turkish: rast
→ Albanian: rast

→ Uzbek: rost

→ Yagnobi: рост (rost)

From Middle Persian rāst, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta, “right”), from Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.


تانک

head

تانک • (tânk)

fa-noun

تانک • (tânk)


کوشک

head

کوشْک • (kušk) (plural کوشکها (kušk-hâ))

کوشْک (canonical)
kušk (romanization)
کوشکها (plural)
کوشک (singular)
کوشکها، کوشکا (kôšk-hấ, kôškấ^△) (plural)
کوشک را، کوشک رو (kốšk râ, kốško^△) (definite direct-object singular)
کوشک (ezafe singular)
کوشکی (definite relative singular)
کوشکی (indefinite singular stressed)
کوشکم (first-person possessive singular)
کوشکت (second-person singular)
کوشکش (possessive singular third-person)
کوشکمان، کوشکمون (kốškemân, kốškemun^△) (first-person plural possessive)
کوشکتان، کوشکتون (kốšketân, kốšketun^△) (plural possessive second-person)
کوشکشان، کوشکشون (kốškešân, kốškešun^△) (plural possessive third-person)

Tajik: кӯшк (küšk)

→ Azerbaijani: köşk

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كوشك (köşk, kuşk)
Turkish: köşk
→ Armenian: քյոշկ (kʻyošk)
→ Italian: chiosco
→ French: kiosque
→ Dutch: kiosk
Afrikaans: kiosk
→ Indonesian: kios
→ Ternate: kios
→ English: kiosk
→ Norman: kiosque
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kiosk
→ Polish: kiosk
→ Portuguese: quiosque
→ Persian: کیوسک (kiyusk)
→ Russian: киоск (kiosk), кіо́скъ (kiósk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Georgian: კიოსკი (ḳiosḳi)
→ Hebrew: קִיּוֹסְק (kiyósk)
→ Yakut: киоск (kiosk)
→ Spanish: kiosco
→ English: kiosk
→ Japanese: キオスク (kiosuku)
→ German: Kiosk
→ Hungarian: kioszk
→ Persian: کیوسک (kiyusk)
→ Polish: kiosk
→ Portuguese: quiosque
→ Spanish: quiosco
→ Romanian: chioșc

→ Turkmen: köşk

From Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk, “pavilion, palace, kiosk”). Compare Aramaic קושקא (qōšqāʾ) / ܓܘܫܩܐ (gawšāqāʾ), Iranian borrowings. Doublet of کیوسک.


موزه

head

موزه • (muze, môza) (plural موزهها (muze-hâ, môza-hâ))

muze (romanization)
môza (romanization)
موزهها (plural)

From Middle Persian mwck' (mōzag, “shoe”), from *hmáwčati (“to clothe”). Compare Middle Persian (Pazend) [Avestan needed] (mōža, “stocking, boot”), Parthian (Book Pahlavi) mwck' (mōžag), Baluchi [script needed] (mōzag, mōžaġ, “boot, legging”), Pashto موزه (mōza, “stocking, boot, covering for the legs, long boot”), as well as the Iranian borrowings — Old Armenian մուճակ (mučak), Arabic موزج (mawzaj), Byzantine Greek μουζάκιον (mouzákion, “boots”), μουζακίτζης (mouzakítzēs, “short boots?”), family names or nicknames Μουζάκιος (Mouzákios), Μουζάκης (Mouzákēs), the last four possibly via Armenian.

cog

11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī
حسنک پیدا آمد، بیبند، جبهای داشت حبریرنگ با سیاه میزد، خلقگونه و دراعه و ردایی سخت پاکیزه و دستاری نشابوری مالیده و موزهٔ میکاییلی نو در پای و موی سر مالیده، زیر دستار پوشیده کرده اندک مایه پیدا میبود.
hasanak paydâ âmad, bê-band, jubba-ê dâšt hibrî-rang bâ siyâh mê-zad, xalaq-gûna u durrâ'a u ridâ-ê saxt pâkîza u dastâr-ê nešâbûrî mâlîda u môza-i mîkâ'îlî-i nô dar pây u mô-i sar mâlîda, zîr-i dastâr pôšîda karda, andak mâya paydâ mê-bûd.


موزه

head

موزِه • (muze) (plural موزهها (muze-hâ))

موزِه (canonical)
muze (romanization)
موزهها (plural)


لیسانس

لیسانس • (lisâns)

fa-noun

لیسانس • (lisâns)


دانشگاه

head

دانِشْگاه • (dânešgâh) (plural دانشگاهها (dânešgâh-hâ))

دانِشْگاه (canonical)
dânešgâh (romanization)
دانشگاهها (plural)

Urdu: دانِش گاہ (dāniś gāh)

Azerbaijani: danişgah

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑːʱ]

[d̪ɑː.nɪʃ.ɡɑː]

[d̪ɔː.niʃ.ɡɔː]

[d̪ɒː.neʃ.ɡɒːʱ]

Fa-دانشگاه.ogg

From دانش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “place”).

af

دانِشْگاهِ تِهْران


دانش

head

دانِش • (dâneš)

fa-noun

دانِش • (dâneš)

→ Azerbaijani: daniş

→ Chagatai: دانش

Uzbek: donish

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दानिश (dāniś)

Urdu: دانِش (dāniś)

Malay: Danish

→ Ottoman Turkish: دانش (daniş)

Turkish: daniş

→ Pashto: دانش (dâníš)

→ Punjabi: دانِش (dāniś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਨਸ਼ (dānaś)

Shahmukhi script: دانش (dāniš)


زبان‌شناسی

head

زبانشناسی • (zabân-šenâsi)

زبانشناسی (canonical)
zabân-šenâsi (romanization)

From زبان (zabân, “language”) + شناسی (-šenâsi).

af

ـشناسی<alt:شناسی>

fa:زبان‌شناسی


سنا

head

سنا • (senâ)

fa-noun

سنا • (senâ)


حرم

حرم امام حسین ― haram-e emâm hoseyn ― Imam Husayn Shrine

حرم مکه

پاسبان حرم دل شدهام شب همه شب
تا در این پرده جز اندیشه او نگذارم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 324”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

I have become the sentinel of my heart's sanctuary, night-long every night,
So as to let in nothing but thoughts of her beyond this veil.

pāsbān-i haram-i dil šuda-am šab hama šab
tā dar īn parda juz andīša-i ō naguzāram


ژنرال

head

ژنرال • (ženerâl) (plural ژنرالها (ženerâl-hâ))


شیعه

شیعه • (ši'e)

fa-proper noun

شیعه • (ši'e)


کاندوم

head

کاندوم • (kândom) (plural کاندومها (kândom-hâ))

kândom (romanization)
کاندومها (plural)
کاندوم (singular)
کاندوم (ezafe singular)
کاندومی (definite relative singular)
کاندومی (indefinite singular stressed)
کاندومم (first-person possessive singular)
کاندومت (second-person singular)
کاندومش (possessive singular third-person)


آدم

آدم • (âdam)

fa-proper noun

آدم • (âdam)

(Abrahamism, religion) Adam (the first man and the progenitor of the human race)


کابینه

head

کابینه • (kâbine)

fa-noun

کابینه • (kâbine)

→ Hindi: काबीना (kābīnā)

desc

→ Urdu: کابینہ (kābīnā)

→ Urdu: کابینہ (kābīnā)


حوا

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हव्वा (havvā)

Urdu: حَوّا (hauvā)


شیطان

head

شیطان • (šeytân)

fa-proper noun

شیطان • (šeytân)

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ʃäj.t̪ʰɔ́n]


ولی

Borrowed from Arabic وَلِيّ (waliyy), from the root و ل ي (w l y).


اهریمن

head

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

fa-proper noun

اَهْریمَن • (ahriman)

اَهْریمَن (canonical)
ahriman (romanization)

From Middle Persian ʾhlmn', ʾhlymn', 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (Ahreman).


آبستن

âbestan (romanization)
آبستنم (first-person predicative singular)
âbestanam (first-person predicative singular)
آبستنیم (first-person plural predicative)
âbestanim (first-person plural predicative)
آبستنی (predicative second-person singular)
âbestani (predicative second-person singular)
آبستنید (plural predicative second-person)
âbestanid (plural predicative second-person)
آبستنین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âbestanin (plural predicative second-person)
آبستن است (predicative singular third-person)
âbestan ast (predicative singular third-person)
آبستنه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âbestane (predicative singular third-person)
آبستنند (plural predicative third-person)
âbestanand (plural predicative third-person)
آبستنن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âbestanan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Gujarati: આબિસ્તા (ābistā)

→ Khalaj: âbistən

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾpwstn' /ābustan, ābistan/), from [script needed] (ʾpws /ābus/, “pregnant”), from Proto-Iranian *āpuθra- (“pregnant”), from *puθráh (“son”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy; son”), from Proto-Indo-European *putlós.


آبستنی

head

آبستنی • (âbestani) (plural آبستنیها (âbestani-hâ))

âbestani (romanization)
آبستنیها (plural)

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]

[ʔɑː.bɪs.t̪ʰä.níː]


روش

rawiš (romanization)
raveš (romanization)
روشها (plural)

From رو (raw /row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš /-eš).

af

present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)

(Sufism) levels of the mystical journey towards God


انجیل

[ʔɪn.d͡ʒíːl]

[ʔɪn.d͡ʒíːl]

[ʔɪn.d͡ʒíːl]

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْجِيل (ʔinjīl), itself from Classical Syriac ܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ (ʾewwangellīōn) or a variant thereof. Doublet of انگلیون (angalyun, “Gospel”), borrowed directly from Syriac, which this Arabic word displaced.

der

(Christianity) the Bible, the New Testament


سی

From Middle Persian syh (sīh), from older *θrīh, from Proto-Iranian *θriHcát, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *triHćát.


سی

Transliteration of the name of the Latin-script letter c in English and other European languages.


سی

(music) B, Si (the seventh note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Ti (the seventh note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the leading note)


بهرام

head

بهرام • (bahrâm)

fa-proper noun

بهرام • (bahrâm)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: Բերամ (Beram), Պերամ (Peram)

→ Gujarati: બહરામ (bahrām)

→ Urdu: بہرام (bahrām)

From Middle Iranian (see Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭉𐭇𐭓𐭌 (wryḥrm /Wahrām/, “war god, god of victory”) and Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬 (ʿlḥlʾn / ʿʾḥlʾm /Wahrām/)), from Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀 (vər^əθraγna, “smiting of resistance, victorious”), from Proto-Iranian *Wr̥tragnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Wr̥tragʰnás.
Related to Sanskrit वृत्रहन् (vṛtrá-hán, “smiter of vṛtra, i.e. smiting the cause of covering/hiding”). In pre-Islamic Iran mythologically conflated with the Persian Gulf narrows (which oral tradition considered to be a remnant of the "obstruction" that was overcome by Verethragna), hence in Iranian folk etymology incorrectly identified with the toponym "Bahrain."

der

𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 / 𐭥𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭬

cog

بهرام چهارمین سیاره در سامانهٔ خورشیدی است که در مداری طویلتر از زمین و با سرعتی کمتر از زمین حرکت میکند.

Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system, which moves in a longer orbit than Earth and with a slower speed than Earth.

bahrâm čahâromin sayyâre dar sâmâne-ye xoršidi ast ke dar madâr-i tavil-tar az zamin va bâ sor'at-i kamtar az zamin harakat mi-konad.

(astronomy) Bahram (the Persian name for the fourth planet in the solar system, Mars)

a male given name, Bahram (the name of several Sassanid Kings)


دیپلمات

head

دیپلمات • (diplomât)

fa-noun

دیپلمات • (diplomât)


دیپلماسی

head

دیپلماسی • (diplomâsi)

fa-noun

دیپلماسی • (diplomâsi)


ظرف

head

ظرف • (zarf) (plural ظروف (zoruf) or ظرفها (zarf-hâ))

zarf (romanization)
ظروف (plural)
ظرفها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: zərf


دیگ

→ Bengali: ডেক (ḍek), ডেগ (ḍeg)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देग (deg)

Urdu: دیگ (deg)

→ Mauritian Creole: deg

→ Pashto: دېګ

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਗ (deg)

Shahmukhi script: دیگ (deg)

→ Ushojo: دیگ (deg)

From Middle Persian dyk' (dēg, “cauldron”), from Proto-Iranian *dai(a)-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *daiH- (“to shine, radiate, light a fire”), with possible semantic contamination from Proto-Iranian *daĵ- (“to burn”). The former is from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”) and cognate with Semnani دیک (dik, “pot”), Sanskrit दीप् (dīp, “to blaze, illuminate”), Ancient Greek δέατο (déato, “shone”), and Old Norse teitr (“cheerful”), while the latter is from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


مسلمان

head

مسلمان • (mosalmân) (plural مسلمانان (mosalmânân) or مسلمین (moslemin) or مسلمانها (mosalmân-hâ))

mosalmân (romanization)
مسلمانان (plural)
مسلمین (plural)
مسلمانها (plural)
مسلمانم (first-person predicative singular)
mosalmânam (first-person predicative singular)
مسلمانیم (first-person plural predicative)
mosalmânim (first-person plural predicative)
مسلمانی (predicative second-person singular)
mosalmâni (predicative second-person singular)
مسلمانید (plural predicative second-person)
mosalmânid (plural predicative second-person)
مسلمانین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
mosalmânin (plural predicative second-person)
مسلمان است (predicative singular third-person)
mosalmân ast (predicative singular third-person)
مسلمانه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
mosalmâne (predicative singular third-person)
مسلمانند (plural predicative third-person)
mosalmânand (plural predicative third-person)
مسلمانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
mosalmânan (plural predicative third-person)

→ Avar: бусурманчи (busurmanči)

→ Azerbaijani: müsəlman

→ Bashkir: мосолман (mosolman)

→ Bengali: মুসলমান (musolman)

desctree

→ Chagatai: مسلمان
Uyghur: مۇسۇلمان (musulman)
Uzbek: musulmon

→ Dargwa: бусурман (busurman)

⇒ Georgian: მუსულმანი (musulmani)

→ Gujarati: મુસલમાન (musalmān)

→ Kazakh: мұсылман (mūsylman)

→ Kumyk: бусурман (busurman)

→ Kyrgyz: мусулман (musulman)

→ Lak: бусурман (busurman)

→ Maithili:

Devanagari script: मुसलमान (musalᵊmān)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒮𑒪𑒧𑒰𑒢 (musalamāna)

→ Marathi: मुसलमान (musalmān)

→ Mongolian: мусульман (musulʹman)

→ Old Hindi: मुसलमांन (musalamā̃na)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुसलमान (musalmān)
Urdu: مُسَلْمَان (musalmān)

→ Odia: ମୁସଲମାନ (musalamāna)

→ Tatar: мөселман (möselman)

desc

мусульма́нін

→ Belarusian: мусульма́нін (musulʹmánin)

мусульма́нин

→ Russian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmánin)

мусульма́нин

→ Ukrainian: мусульма́нин (musulʹmányn)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مسلمان
Turkish: Müslüman
→ Albanian: mysliman
→ Crimean Tatar: musulman
→ Italian: musulmano
→ German: Muselman
→ Estonian: musulman
→ Swedish: muselman
→ French: musulman
→ Galician: musulmán
→ English: Mussulman
→ Maltese: musulman
→ Portuguese: muçulmano
→ Romanian: musulman
→ Spanish: musulmán
→ Bulgarian: мюсюлма́нин (mjusjulmánin)
→ Greek: μουσουλμάνος (mousoulmános)
→ Macedonian: муслиман (musliman)
→ Serbo-Croatian: муслѝма̄н / muslìmān
→ Slovene: muslimȃn

desc

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਣੁ (musalamāṇu), ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨੁ (musalamānu)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ (muslamān)

Shahmukhi script: مُسَلمان (musalmān)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُسلْمان

Devanagari script: मुसलमान

Ultimately from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), probably a corrupted borrowing of the Arabic plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn).
This is one of a number of very early oral borrowings from Arabic, dating to the earliest years of Islamic rule, that underwent irregular phonetic shifts. Others include میر (mir, “prince”) from أَمِير (ʔamīr) and now archaic Classical Persian مزگت (mazgit, “mosque”) from مَسْجِد (masjid).

ncog

عزمش چو عزم و حجت پیغمبران درست
رایش چو رای و دولت نیک اختران متین
همچون پدر بزرگ و جهاندار و بختیار
همچون پدر کریم و مسلمان و پاکدین

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 175”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

His resolve is correct like the resolve and deeds of the prophets,
His opinion is firm like the opinion and felicity of the fortunate:
Just like his father, he is great, world-possessing, auspicious,
Just like his father, he is noble, Muslim, pure of faith.

azm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payğambarān durust
rāy-aš čū rāy u dawlat-i nēk axtarān matīn
hamčūn pidar buzurg u jahandār u baxtyār
hamčūn pidar karīm u musalmān u pākdīn

مسلمانان مرا وقتی دلی بود
که با وی گفتمی گر مشکلی بود

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 217”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:

Muslims! I once used to have a heart
To whom I would talk, should I have a problem.

musalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd
ki bā way guftamē gar muškilē būd


موزیک

desc

→ Central Kurdish: مووزیک (mûzîk), موزیک (muzîk)

موسیقی موسیقی#Persian


ارکستر

head

ارکستر • (orkestr) (plural ارکسترها (orkestr-hâ))

orkestr (romanization)
ارکسترها (plural)

رهبر ارکستر


پرونده

پرونده • (parvande) (plural پروندهها (parvande-hâ))

parvande (romanization)
پروندهها (plural)

Composed of پروند (parwand) + ـه (-e, “noun making suffix”), the former part is from the present stem of Middle Persian [script needed] (plwstn, plwnd /parwastan, parwand/, “to enclose, to surround, to contain to comprise”). The contemporary meanings are a 1900s purist replacement for دوسیه (dosiye), still used to an extent (especially in Afghanistan).

inh

پرونده جرمی


مارک

head

مارک • (mârk)

A transliteration of the English male given name Mark.

A transliteration of the French male given name Marc.


سیاسی

fa-adj

سیاسی • (siyâsi)

Borrowed from Arabic سِيَاسِيّ (siyāsiyy). By surface analysis, سیاست (siyâsat) + ـی (-i).


تک‌شاخ

head

تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

fa-noun

تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

تکشاخ (canonical)
tak-šâx (romanization)

[t̪ʰækˈʃɒːx]


می

Ultimately Borrowed from Latin mīra, either via French mi or English mi.

(music) E, Mi (the third note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Mi (the third note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the mediant)


کشف

→ Gujarati: કશફ (kaśaph)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kšwk' /kašawag/, “tortoise”), from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah. Cognate with Sanskrit कच्छप (kacchapa).


کمان

head

کَمان • (kamân) (plural کمانها (kamân-hâ))

کَمان (canonical)
kamân (romanization)
کمانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કમાન (kamān)

→ Middle Armenian: քաման (kʻaman)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمان (keman)
Turkish: keman
→ Albanian: qemane
→ Armenian: քեման (kʻeman)
→ Northern Kurdish: keman
→ Romanian: cheman

→ Hindi: कमान (kamān)

→ Urdu: کمان (kamān)

[kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːn]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kmʾn' /kamān/), from Proto-Iranian *kamān (“arc, vault, bow”), related to Proto-Iranian *kamp- (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”). Compare Northern Luri کںمۆ (kəmø).

inh

به تیر و کمان و به گرز و کمند
بیفگند بر دشت نخچیر چند

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

With arrow and bow, with mace and lasso,
He cast down a few prey on the plain.

ba tīr u kamān u ba gurz u kamand
biyafgand bar dašt naxčīr čand

دلاور سواران ایرانیان
کمان بر زه و تنگ بسته میان

c. 1100, anonymous author, فرامرزنامه [Book of Farāmarz]:

The valiant cavalry of the Iranians,
Their bows strung and belts girdled tight […]

dilāwar sawārān-i ērānīyān
kamān bar zih u tang basta mīyān

اکنون آدمی در دستِ قبضهٔ قدرت حقّ همچون کمان است و حقّ تعالی او را در کارها مستعمل میکند و فاعل در حقیقت حق است نه کمان، کمان آلت است و واسطه است لیکن بیخبرست و غافل از حقّ جهت قوام دنیا، زهی عظیم کمانی که آگه شود که «من در دست کیستم!»

c. 1265, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, فیه ما فیه [What Is In It Is In It]:

Now, a man in the grip of God's power is just like a bow. God the Exalted makes use of him, and the agent is in truth God, not the bow. The bow is a tool and an implement, but it is unaware and ignorant of God due to the arrangement of this world. What a magnificent bow it would be if it were to become aware of whose hands it is in!

aknūn ādamē dar dast-i qabza-yi qudrat-i haqq hamčūn kamān ast u haqq-i ta'ālā ō rā dar kār-hā musta'mal mē-kunad u fā'il dar haqīqat haqq ast na kamān, kamān ālat ast u wāsita ast lēkin bē-xabar-ast u ğāfil az haqq jihat-i qiwām-i dunyā, zihē azīm kamānē ki āgah šawad ki "man dar dast-i kī-stam!"


صوفی

Borrowed from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “Sufi”)

bor+

گفت نه از صوفیان افزون مجو
نیم دینارت دهم دیگر مگو

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 397:

“Nay,” he replied; “don't ask too much from Súfís:
I will give you half a dinar. Say no more.”

guft na az sūfīyan afzūn ma-jō
nīm-i dīnar-at diham dīgar ma-gō


لشکر

head

لشکر • (laškar) (plural لشکرها (laškar-hâ))

laškar (romanization)
لشکرها (plural)
لشکر (singular)
لشکرها، لشکرا (laškar-hấ, laškarấ^△) (plural)
لشکر را، لشکر رو (laškar râ, laškaro^△) (definite direct-object singular)
لشکر (ezafe singular)
لشکری (definite relative singular)
لشکری (indefinite singular stressed)
لشکرم (first-person possessive singular)
لشکرت (second-person singular)
لشکرش (possessive singular third-person)

→ Bengali: লস্কর (loskor)

→ French: lascar

→ Gujarati: લશ્કર (laśkar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लश्कर (laśkar)

Urdu: لَشْکَر (laśkar)

Sylheti: ꠟꠡ꠆ꠇꠞ (lośxor)

→ Indonesian: laskar

desc

→ Middle Armenian: լաշքար (laškʻar), լաշքեար (laškʻear)

→ Ottoman Turkish: لشكر (leşker)

Turkish: leşker

→ Marwari: लसकर (laskar)

→ Zazaki: lezkar

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-
Proto-Indo-European *-seti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati
Proto-Iranian *karah
Middle Persian lškl
Persian لشکر
Inherited from Middle Persian lškl, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati + Proto-Iranian *karah. Compare Sanskrit रक्षति (rakṣati).


پری

head

پری • (pari) (plural پریان (pariyān) or پریها (pari-hâ))

pari (romanization)
پریان (plural)
پریها (plural)

Azerbaijani: pəri

→ Bengali: পরী (pori)

Chagatai: پری

Uyghur: پەرى (peri)

Uzbek: pari

→ Gujarati: પરી (parī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परी (parī)

Urdu: پری (parī)

Kazakh: пері (perı)

Northern Kurdish: perî

Southern Kurdish: پەری (perî)

Kyrgyz: пери (peri)

Malay: peri

Indonesian: peri (“fairy”)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: پری (peri)
Turkish: peri
→ Albanian: perri
→ Armenian: փերի (pʻeri)
→ Crimean Tatar: peri
→ English: peri
→ French: péri
→ Georgian: ფერია (peria)
→ Russian: пе́ри (péri)

Pashto: پري (pari)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪਰੀ (parī)

Shahmukhi script: پری (parī)

Sindhi: پري (parī)

Tajik: парӣ (pari)

Tatar: пәри (päri)

Turkmen: peri

From Middle Persian [script needed] (plyk' /parīg/, “witch”), ultimately from Old Persian *parikā. Compare Manichaean Middle Persian pryg (pryg), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬐𐬁 (paⁱrikā, “sorceress, witch”), Sogdian [script needed] (pṛʿyk-, “female demoness”) and Old Armenian պարիկ (parik), an Iranian borrowing. Connections that have been proposed include Middle Irish airech (“concubine, wanton woman”), and from Indo-European root *pelē- ‘to fill,’ Latin plēnus ‘full.’ Middle Persian parīg, Khotanese 𑀧𑀮𑀻𑀓𑀸 (palīkā), Latin parcae (“fates”), Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás, “youth, maiden”), Sanskrit पारक्य (pārakya, “strange, alien”). Pokorny derives this from Proto-Indo-European *parīkā (“concubine”).

cog

دیوسان دیوسان#Persian

(Iranian mythology) sprite or supernatural being in Iranian/Persian mythology opposed to دیوسان (daemon) and دیو (daeva); peri.

(mythology) witch (parika in Avestan mythology)


کاتولیک

fa-adj

کاتولیک • (kâtolik)

[kʰɒːt̪olíːkʲ]


کاتولیک

head

کاتولیک • (kâtolik) (plural کاتولیکها (kâtolik-hâ))

kâtolik (romanization)
کاتولیکها (plural)

[kʰɒːt̪olíːkʲ]


مسیحیت

Borrowed from Arabic مَسِيحِيَّة (masīḥiyya). By surface analysis, مسیحی (masihi, “Christian”) + ـیت (-iyyat, “-ity”).


مسیحی

head

مسیحی • (masihi) (plural مسیحیان (masihiân) or مسیحیها (masihi-hâ))

masihi (romanization)
مسیحیان (plural)
مسیحیها (plural)


گیتار

گیتار • (gitâr) (plural گیتارها (gitâr-hâ))

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡiː.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[ɡi.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[ɡʲiː.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]


صندلی

صَنْدَلی • (sandali) (plural صندلیها (sandali-hâ))

صَنْدَلی (canonical)
sandali (romanization)
صندلیها (plural)

desc

صَنْدَلِيَّة

→ Arabic: صَنْدَلِيَّة (ṣandaliyya)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صندلیه (sandaliyye)
Turkish: sandalye


ازدواج

head

اِزدِواج • (ezdevâj) (plural اِزدِواجها (ezdevâj-hâ))

اِزدِواج (canonical)
ezdevâj (romanization)
اِزدِواجها (plural)

→ Gujarati: ઇઝદિવાજ (ijhadivāj)

→ Urdu: ازدواج (izdivāj)

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[ʔɪz.d̪ɪ.wɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

حکمتی که بود حق را ز ازدواج
 گشت حاصل از نیاز و از لجاج

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 3428:

The providential purpose that God had—namely, humble supplication or obstinate contumacy—was fulfilled by means of the marriage [of body and spirit].

hikmatē ki būd haqq rā z-izdiwāj
 gašt hāsil az niyāz u az lajāj


زندان

زِندان • (zendân)

fa-noun

زِندان • (zendân)

زِندان (canonical)
zendân (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: zindan

→ Kazakh: зындан (zyndan)

→ Middle Armenian: զնտան (zntan)

→ Northern Kurdish: zindan, zîndan

desc

→ Ossetian: зындон (zyndon), зиндонӕ (zindonæ), дзиндонӕ (ʒindonæ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زندان (zından, zindan)
Turkish: zindan
→ Albanian: zindan
→ Aromanian: zindáne, zundáne, zãndáne
→ Bulgarian: занда́н (zandán)
→ Macedonian: зандана (zandana)
→ Romanian: zandán
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зѝнда̄н
Latin script: zìndān

→ Uyghur: زىندان (zindan)

→ Urdu: زِنْدَان (zindān)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (zyndʾn' /zēndān/, “prison”). Ultimate origin uncertain. Perhaps originally "arsenal, armoury", from [Book Pahlavi needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “weapon, armour”) and [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “holder, container”).
Compare Old Armenian զնդան (zndan), Classical Syriac ܙܢܕܢܝܩ (zendānīq), Iranian borrowings.

inh

آنها میخواستند زندان برای ما قبر باشد؛ اما خدا را شکر، زندان را به عبادتگاه و فرهنگستان تبدیل کردیم.

They wanted prison to be a grave for us, but, thank God, we turned the prison into sanctuaries of worship and academies for study.

ân-hâ mixâstand zendân barây-e mâ qabr bâšad; ammâ xodâ râ šokr, zendân râ be ebâdatgâh o farhangestân tabdil kardim.


سوره

→ Gujarati: સૂરા (sūrā)


کنیسه

head

کنیسه • (kanise) (plural کنیسهها (kanise-hâ))


پیامبر

پیامبر • (payâmbar) (plural پیامبران (payâmbarân) or پیامبرها (payâmbar-hâ))

payâmbar (romanization)
پیامبران (plural)
پیامبرها (plural)

See پیغمبر (peyğambar).

From earlier پیغامبر (peyğâmbar), from Middle Persian pgtʾmbl (payğāmbar, “messenger, apostle”). Analysable as پیام (payâm, “message”) + ـبر (-bar, “bearer, bringer”).

af

پیامبر اسلام


گاه

→ Azerbaijani: gah

→ Northern Kurdish: geh

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs), 𐫃𐫀𐫍 (gʾh /gāh/, “place, throne, bed; time”), from Old Persian [script needed] (gāθu-, “place; throne, chair”), from Proto-Iranian *gātu- / *gāθu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Compare Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬙𐬎 (gātu, “place, seat, throne”) and Sanskrit गातु (gātú, “going; way; place”). Doublet of جاه (jâh), which passed through Arabic.

cog

(Zoroastrianism) One of the five ritual divisions of a 24-hour day, each with a specific Zoroastrian prayer.


معماری

head

معماری • (me'mâri)

fa-noun

معماری • (me'mâri)

→ Ottoman Turkish: معماری (mi'mârî)

Turkish: mimari

→ Urdu: معماری (me'mārī)

معمار (me'mâr, “architect”) + ـی (-i, suffix forming abstract nouns)

af

ـی
<id:abstract noun><pos:suffix forming abstract nouns>

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[me̞ʔ.mɑː.ɾíː]


معمار

head

معمار • (me'mâr)

fa-noun

معمار • (me'mâr)

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]

[me̞ʔ.mɑ́ːɾ]


ماتیک

head

ماتیک • (mâtik)

fa-noun

ماتیک • (mâtik)


مکه

Mecca (a large city, the provincial capital of Mecca Province in the in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible)


یزدان

head

یَزْدان • (yazdân)

fa-noun

یَزْدان • (yazdân)

یَزْدان (canonical)
yazdân (romanization)

From Middle Persian yẕdʾn' (yazdān, “gods, spirits”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁ǵ- (“to revere, worship, sacrifice”).

der

ز آن سبب فرمود یزدان و الضحی
و الضحی نور ضمیر مصطفی

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 295:

For that reason God said, By the morn:
by the morn is (refers to) the light of the hidden mind of Mustafá (Mohammed).

z-ān sabab farmūd yazdān waz-zuhā
waz-zuhā nūr-i zamīr-i Mustafā


ایزد

→ Urdu: ایزدی (ezid, īzid)

From Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (yazata, “worthy of reverence, worthy of devotion, worthy of worship”). Compare Sanskrit यजत (yajata) and Classical Syriac ܝܙܕ.

uder

ز انکه در راهست و ره زن بیحد است
آن رهد کاو در امان ایزد است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1314:

Because he is (still) on the Way, and the brigands are numberless:
(only) he escapes who is under God's safeguard.

zi anki dar rāh-ast u rah zan bē-had ast
ān rahad k-ō dar amān-i īzad ast


قبر

head

قَبْر • (qabr) (plural قبرها (qabr-hâ) or قُبور (qobur))

قَبْر (canonical)
qabr (romanization)
قبرها (plural)
قُبور (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəbir

→ Kazakh: қабір (qabır)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قبر (kabr, kabir)

Turkish: kabir

Crimean Tatar: qabir

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ब्र (qabra)

Urdu: قَبْر (qabr)

→ Gujarati: કબર (kabar)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: قبر (qabar)

Gurmukhi script: ਕਬਰ (kabar)

→ Sindhi: قبر (qabara)


گور

→ Armenian: գյոռ (gyoṙ, “Muslim grave”)

→ Azerbaijani: gor

→ Bashkir: гүр (gür)

→ Gujarati: ગોર (gor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गोर (gor)

Urdu: گور (gor)

→ Kazakh: көр (kör)

→ Kyrgyz: көр (kör)

→ Kumyk: кёр (kör)

→ Northern Luri: قۋر (qür)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گور (gûr)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰ (gor)

Shahmukhi script: گور (gor)

Pashto: ګور (gor)

→ Tatar: гүр (gür)

→ Turkmen: gör

→ Uyghur: گور (gor)

→ Uzbek: goʻr

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gpl /gabr/), [script needed] (gwbl /gabr/, “hollow, cavity, womb”). Akin to Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (gbr /gabr/).

cog

بهرام که گور میگرفتی همه عمر
دیدی که چگونه گور بهرام گرفت؟

1100s, Rubaʿī attributed to Umar Khayyām:

Bahrām [V], who hunted down onagers all his life;
Have you seen how the grave has hunted down Bahrām?

bahrām ki gōr mē-giriftē hama umr
dīdī ki čigōna gōr bahrām girift?


مصدر

head

مصدر • (masdar) (plural مصدرها (masdar-hâ) or مصادر (masâder))

masdar (romanization)
مصدرها (plural)
مصادر (plural)


درست

fa-adj

درست • (dorost) (comparative درستتَر (dorost-tar), superlative درستتَرین (dorost-tarin))

dorost (romanization)
درستتَر (comparative)
درستتَرین (superlative)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: դրուստ (drust), տրուստ (trust)

Armenian: դրուստ (drust)

→ Azerbaijani: dürüst

→ Bashkir: дөрөҫ (döröś)

→ Bengali: দুরস্ত (durosto)

→ Gujarati: દુરસ્ત (durast)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दुरुस्त (durust)

Urdu: درست (durust)

→ Kazakh: дұрыс (dūrys)

→ Khalaj: durust

→ Kyrgyz: дурус (durus)

→ Marathi: दुरुस्त (durusta)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درست (dürüst)

Turkish: dürüst

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦਰੁਸਤਾ (darustā)

Shahmukhi script: دَرُست (darust)

→ Tatar: дөрес (döres)

→ Uyghur: دۇرۇس (durus)

From Middle Persian drw(y)st' (drust, “right; well, healthy”), from Old Persian *dᵘruvišta, from Proto-Iranian *druwištah. Compare Baluchi دْراه (drāh, “well, healthy”).

inh

پنجم درست


دف

→ English: daf

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دف (def, tef)
Turkish: tef

→ Uyghur: داپ (dap)
→ Chinese: 達甫／达甫 (dáfǔ), 達卜／达卜 (dábǔ), 達普／达普 (dápǔ)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭯 (dp /dap/), ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet”).

inh+

چو آن مه خشم دارد مطربا خیز
بیفگن چنگ و دف عیش و طرب چیست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 125:

When that moon[-like beloved] is angry, o minstrel, stand up!
Throw down the lyre and drum! What is pleasure and mirth [when the beloved is angry]?

čū ān mah xišm dārad mutribā xēz
biyafgan čang u daf ayš u tarab čīst


کلید

head

کِلید or کَلید • (kelid or kalid) (plural کلیدها (kelid-hâ))

کِلید (canonical)
کَلید (canonical)
kelid (romanization)
kalid (romanization)
کلیدها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: kilid

→ Kazakh: кілт (kılt)

→ Northern Kurdish: kilîd

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلید (kilid), كلیت (kilit)
Turkish: kilit

→ Uzbek: kalit

Inherited from Middle Persian *kilēd, from Ancient Greek κλείς, κλειδός (kleís, kleidós).

uder

κλείς, κλειδός

کِلیدِ سُل

کِلیدِ فا


هنر

desc

→ Armenian: հունար (hunar), հյուներ (hyuner)

→ Azerbaijani: hünər

→ Baluchi: ہنر (hwnər)

→ Bashkir: һөнәр (hönər)

→ Georgian: უნარი (unari)

→ Gujarati: હુન્નર (hunnar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हुनर (hunar)

Urdu: ہُنَر (hunar)

→ Kazakh: өнер (öner)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: huner, hiner

→ Kyrgyz: өнөр (önör)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: هنر (hüner)
Turkish: hüner
→ Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)

→ Pashto: هنر (hunár)

→ Punjabi: hunar

Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਨਰ

Shahmukhi script: ہُنَر

→ Sindhi: hunaro

Arabic script: هُنَرُ

Devanagari script: हुनर

→ Uyghur: ھۇنەر (huner)

→ Uzbek: hunar

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /hunar/, “virtue, ability, skill”), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, “talent, capability”), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) + *h₂nḗr (“man; power, force, vital energy”). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, “means, way”) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, “skill, strength”), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, “possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful”).
Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (“strong”), Welsh hy-nerth (“mighty”), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, “manly”).

cog

هنرهای تجسمی ― honar-hâ-ye tajasomi ― visual arts

هنرهای زیبا


بالش

head

بالش • (bâleš) (plural بالشها (bâleš-hâ))

→ Armenian: բալիշ (bališ)

→ Assamese: বালিছ (balis)

→ Azerbaijani: balış

desctree

→ Bashkir: бәлеш (bəleş)
→ Russian: беляш (beljaš)

→ Bengali: বালিশ (baliś)

→ Gujarati: બાલિશ (bāliś)

→ Georgian: ბალიში (bališi)

→ Hindi: बालिश (bāliś)

→ Kazakh: бәліш (bälış)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بالش (bâliş)
Turkish: baliş

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠟꠤꠡ (baliś)

→ Uzbek: bolish

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾlšn'), from Proto-Iranian *barjíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰarȷ́ʰíš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-; see there for further information.


یهودی

head

یَهودی • (yahudi) (plural یهودیان (yahudiyân))

یَهودی (canonical)
yahudi (romanization)
یهودیان (plural)
یهودی (singular)
یهودیان، یهودیا (yahudiấn, yahudiấ^△) (colloquial plural)
یهودی (ezafe singular)
یهودی (definite relative singular)
یهودی (indefinite singular stressed)
یهودیام (first-person predicative singular)
yahudí-am (first-person predicative singular)
یهودیایم (first-person plural predicative)
yahudí-im (first-person plural predicative)
یهودیای (predicative second-person singular)
yahudí-i (predicative second-person singular)
یهودیاید (plural predicative second-person)
yahudí-id (plural predicative second-person)
یهودیاین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
yahudí-in (plural predicative second-person)
یهودی است (predicative singular third-person)
yahudí ast (predicative singular third-person)
یهودیه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
yahudí-e (predicative singular third-person)
یهودیاند (plural predicative third-person)
yahudí-and (plural predicative third-person)
یهودیان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
yahudí-an (plural predicative third-person)


پیر

→ Azerbaijani: pir

→ Bengali: পীর (pīr)

→ English: pir

→ Saraiki: پیر (pīr)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠤꠞ (fir)

→ Urdu: پیر (pīr)

From Middle Persian 𐬞𐬌𐬭 (pyl /pīr/, “old, aged, ancient”), from Proto-Iranian *paru- (“ash-gray, pale gray, hoary”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *parHušás (“gray”); compare Sanskrit परुष (paruṣa, “spotted, rough”) and English pale.


وزیر

head

وَزیر • (vazir) (plural وزرا (vozarâ) or وزیران (vazirân))

وَزیر (canonical)
vazir (romanization)
وزرا (plural)
وزیران (plural)

Dari: وزیر (wazīr)

Iranian Persian: وزیر (vazir)

Tajik: вазир (vazir)

desc

vəzir//вәзир

→ Azerbaijani: vəzir /вәзир

→ Bengali: উজির (uzir)

→ Chagatai: وزیر

→ Uyghur: ۋەزىر (wezir), вәзир (wezir)

→ Uzbek: vazir /вазир

→ Gujarati: વજીર (vajīr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वज़ीर (vazīr), विज़ीर (vizīr)

Urdu: وَزیر (vazīr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: وزیر (vezir) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: وزیر


اپرا

head

اپرا • (operâ)

fa-noun

اپرا • (operâ)


فتوا

head

فتوا • (fatvâ)

fa-noun

فتوا • (fatvâ)

(law) fatwa (legal opinion, decree or ruling issued by a mufti)


قتل

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਤਲ (katal)

Shahmukhi script: قتل (qatal)

به قتل رسیدن


دلار

head

دُلار • (dolâr)

fa-noun

دُلار • (dolâr)


یورو

منطقه یورو ― mantaqe-ye yuro or yoro ― the Eurozone

euro (the currency unit of the European Monetary Union)


دودمان

head

دودمان • (dudmân) (plural دودمانها (dudmân-hâ))

→ Urdu: دُودمان (dūdmān)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwtkmʾn /dūtakmān, dūdagmān/). By surface analysis, دود (dud, “smoke”) + ـمان (-mân).

surf

دودمان پهلوی

دودمان سونگ

به توره و آئین مقرر صوفیان دودمان صفویه بر تخت سلطنت و قالیچه ارشاد که میراث آباء و اجداد عظام جنت مقام است متمکن گردانیده شرف پای بوس دریافتند.

1628—1629, Iskandar Beg Munshi, عالمآرای عباسی [Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi]:

In accordance with the established custom and practice of the Sufis of the Safavid house, they placed him on the throne of the sultanate, and they laid out the prayer rug of spiritual guidance, an heirloom from his great, heavenly-ranked ancestors, and were honored with kissing his feet.

be ture va â'yen-e moqarrar-e sufiyân-e dudmân-e safaviyye bar taxt-e saltanat va qâliče-ye eršâd ke mirâs-e âbâ' va ajdâd-e 'ezâm-e jannat-maqâm ast motammaken gardânide šaraf-e pây-bus dar-yâftand.


آدم برفی

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɑː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fíː]

[ʔɔː.d̪ǽm bäɾ.fí]

[ʔɒː.d̪ǽm bæɹ.fíː]

Fa-آدم برفی.ogg


سوسیالیسم

head

سوسیالیسم • (sosiyâlism)

fa-noun

سوسیالیسم • (sosiyâlism)


قفسه

head

قَفَسِه • (qafase) (plural قفسهها (qafase-hâ))

قَفَسِه (canonical)
qafase (romanization)
قفسهها (plural)

قَفَسِهٔ کِتاب


دعا

دعا • (do'â)

fa-noun

دعا • (do'â)

Etymology tree
Arabic دَعَا (daʕā)
Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ)bor.
Persian دُعَا
Borrowed from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ).

etymon

دُعَا


آهنگ

head

آهنگ • (âhang) (plural آهنگها (âhang-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: ahəng

→ Georgian: ჰანგი (hangi)

→ Gujarati: આહંગ (āhaṅg)

→ Kazakh: ән (än)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آهنك (ahenk)
Turkish: ahenk
→ Armenian: ահէնկ (ahēnk)

→ Urdu: آہنگ (āhang)

[ʔɒː.ɦæɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾʾhng (āhang, “pull, draught; melody”), derived from آهیختن (âhixtan, “to pull, draw out”).


کربلا

[kʲæɾbæˈlɒː]

Borrowed from Arabic كَرْبَلَاء (karbalāʔ), a compound of كَرْب (karb) + بَلَاء (balāʔ)

compound

كَرْب (karb) + بَلَاء (balāʔ)

Karbala (a city in central Iraq, site of the murder of Husayn ibn Ali and major pilgrimage destination for Shiite Muslims)


نجف

Borrowed from Arabic النَّجَف (an-najaf).


معنی

head

مَعنی • (ma'ni) (plural مَعانی (ma'âni) or مَعنیها (ma'ni-hâ))

مَعنی (canonical)
ma'ni (romanization)
مَعانی (plural)
مَعنیها (plural)

به زبان اردو، این کلمه به معنی « بزرگ/کلان » است.

be zabân-e ordu, in kalame be ma'ni-ye "bozorg" ast.

هم صفیر مرغ آموزند خلق، کین سخن کار دهان افتاد و حلق، لیک از معنی مرغان بیخبر.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 1441—1442:

Likewise, people learn the note of birds, for this speech [of birds] is an affair of the mouth and throat; but [all are] ignorant of the birds' meaning.

ham safīr-i murğ āmōzand xalq, k-īn suxan kār-i dahān uftād u halq, lēk az ma'nī-i murğān bē-xabar.


وزارت

وِزارَت • (vezârat)

fa-noun

وِزارَت • (vezârat)

وِزارَت (canonical)
vezârat (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: विज़ारत (vizārat), वज़ारत (vazārat)

Urdu: وِزارَت (vizārat)

Pashto: وزارت (wezārat)

Borrowed from Arabic وِزَارَة (wizāra), وَزَارَة (wazāra).

وزارت دفاع

وزارت امور خارجه ایران