نیرو

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nērōg /nylwk’, nyrwg/), from Proto-Iranian *naryawa-ka- (“valor, strength”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ (“man”).

inh

روحی صفت خاطرنشان کرد: میانجیگری پاکستان بین نیروهای طالبان موقتی است؛ زیرا برخی از آنها مخالف دخالت پاکستان در امور افغانستان هستند و به نظر میرسد در آیندهای نزدیک شاهد انشعاب در طالبان باشیم[…]

2021 October 6, “میانجیگری پاکستان بین نیروهای طالبان موقتی است”, in imna.ir, Iran Metropolis News Agency:

Rowhi Sefat noted that Pakistan's mediation between Taliban forces is temporary, given that some of the [latter] are opposed to Pakistani intervention in Afghanistan's affairs, and it appears that we will witness a schism in the Taliban in the near future […]

rowhi sefat xâternešân kard: miyânji-gari-ye pâkestân beyn-e niru-hâ-ye tâlebân movaqqati ast; zirâ barxi az ânhâ moxâlef-e dexâlat-e pâkestân dar omur-e afğânestân hastand va be nazar mi-resad dar âyande-ye nazdik šâhed-e enše'âb dar tâlebân bâšim […]


آیت‌الله

head

آیَتُٱلله • (âyato-llâh) (plural آیتاللهها (âyato-llâh-hâ))

آیَتُٱلله (canonical)
âyato-llâh (romanization)
آیتاللهها (plural)

Dari: آیَتُاللّٰه (āyatu-l-lāh)

desc

Iranian Persian: آیَتُاللّٰه (âyato-l-lâh)

→ Dutch: ayatollah

→ English: ayatollah

→ Hindi: अयतोल्लाह (aytollāh)

→ French: ayatollah

→ Italian: ayatollah

→ Romanian: ayatollah

Tajik: оятуллоҳ (oyatulloh)

→ Bengali: আয়াতুল্লাহ (aẏatullah)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आयतुल्लाह (āytullāh)

Urdu: آیَتُ ٱللہ (āyatu llāh)

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑː.jä.t̪ʰʊl.lɑ́ː]

[ʔɒː.jæ.t̪ʰol.lɒ́ːʰ]

Borrowed from Arabic آيَة اللّٰه (āyat allāh), the "-to"/-tu" coming from the nominative form آيَةُ اللهِ (ʔāyatu llāhi) or آيَةُ الله (ʔāyatu llāh).


جامعه‌شناسی

head

جامعهشناسی • (jâme'e-šenâsi)

fa-noun

جامعهشناسی • (jâme'e-šenâsi)

جامعهشناسی (canonical)
jâme'e-šenâsi (romanization)

fa:جامعه‌شناسی


حرام

fa-adj

حرام • (harâm)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हराम (harām)

Urdu: حَرَام (harām)


درجه

head

درجه • (daraje or dareje) (plural درجهها (daraje-hâ) or درجات (darajât))

daraje (romanization)
dareje (romanization)
درجهها (plural)
درجات (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: dərəcə

→ Bashkir: дәрәжә (dərəjə)

→ Gujarati: દરજો (darjo)

→ Hindi: दर्जा (darjā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: درجه

→ Turkish: derece

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]

[d̪ä.ɾä.d͡ʒä]


مهر

مَهْر (canonical)
mahr (romanization)
مهرها (plural)

The first sense borrowed from Arabic مَهْر (mahr, “dowry”), from the verb مَهَرَ (mahara, “to contract, to give a dowry”); see above. The remaining senses inherited from Middle Persian mtr' (mihr, “bond, contract”), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mithra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Iranian *miθráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra) and the above for a possible layer of phono-semantic matching with the Semitic root regarding business contracts and reception.

der

(Islam) Mahr, dowry, bride-price or gift; a pre-negotiated gift of monetary or symbolic value which is promised to a bride by a groom upon marriage.


مهر

head

مِهْر • (mehr)

fa-proper noun

مِهْر • (mehr)

→ Armenian: Մհեր (Mher)

From Middle Persian mtr' (Mihr), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Compare Sanskrit मित्र (mitra), Ancient Greek μεσίτης (mesítēs). Doublet of میترا (mitrā, personal name).

der

(Zoroastrianism) Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.


مهر

مُهْر (canonical)
mohr (romanization)
مهرها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: möhür

→ Ossetian: мыхуыр (myx°yr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مهر (mühr, mühür)

Turkish: mühür

→ Bulgarian: муху́р (muhúr)

→ Macedonian: мухур (muhur)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏хур

Latin script: mȕhūr

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੋਹਰ (mohar)

Shahmukhi script: مہر (mohr)

→ Tatar: мөһер (möher)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mwdl), 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /muhr/, “seal”) (compare Parthian 𐫖𐫇𐫍𐫡 (mwhr /muhr/, “seal”), and Bactrian μολρο (molro)); possibly cognate with words above, otherwise from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /musar/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”); cf. the many descendants of Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet; cylinder seal”) including دیوان (divân), دف (daf), دفتر (daftar), Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), طُوب (ṭūb), طَابَع (ṭābaʕ), ذَبْر (ḏabr, “a writing on palm-leaves, a book”), ذَبَرَ (ḏabara, “to write, to point; to read thoroughly; to understand well”).

cog

(Shia Islam) A prayer-stone, sometimes made from clay from Karbala or Mashhad, which is placed on the ground in front of the worshipper and onto which the forehead is touched during prayer; also known as a turba.


نفت

naft (romanization)
نفتها (plural)
نفت (singular)
نفتها، نفتا (naft-hấ, naftấ^△) (plural)
نفت را، نفت رو (naft râ, nafto^△) (definite direct-object singular)
نفت (ezafe singular)
نفتهای، نفتای (naft-hấ-ye, naftấ-ye^△) (ezafe plural)
نفتی (definite relative singular)
نفتی (indefinite singular stressed)
نفتم (first-person possessive singular)
نفتت (second-person singular)
نفتش (possessive singular third-person)
نفتمان، نفتمون (naftemân, naftemun^△) (first-person plural possessive)
نفتتان، نفتتون (naftetân, naftetun^△) (plural possessive second-person)
نفتشان، نفتشون (naftešân, naftešun^△) (plural possessive third-person)
نفتم (first-person singular)
naftam (first-person singular)
نفتیم (first-person plural)
naftim (first-person plural)
نفتی (second-person singular)
nafti (second-person singular)
نفتید (plural second-person)
naftid (plural second-person)
نفتین (colloquial plural second-person)
naftin (plural second-person)
نفت است (singular third-person)
naft ast (singular third-person)
نفته (colloquial singular third-person)
nafte (singular third-person)
نفتند (plural third-person)
naftand (plural third-person)
نفتن (colloquial plural third-person)
naftan (plural third-person)

→ Armenian: նավթ (navtʻ)

→ Azerbaijani: neft

→ Gujarati: નફત (naphat)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نفت (neft), նէֆթ (neft) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: neft
→ Greek: νέφτι (néfti)
→ Russian: нефть (neftʹ)
→ Ingrian: nefti
→ Kildin Sami: неффьт (njeff’t)
→ Komi-Zyrian: нефть (ńefť)
→ Kyrgyz: нефть (neft)
→ Tatar: нефть (neft’)

→ Turkmen: nebit

→ Uyghur: نېفىت (nëfit)

→ Urdu: نفت

→ Uzbek: neft

→ Yiddish: נאַפֿט (naft)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npt' /naft/, “moist, damp; naphtha”), from Old Persian *naftah (“naphtha”).

inh

نفتانداز

(obsolete) a flammable mix used in war such as Greek fire


بستر

بَسْتَر (canonical)
بِسْتَر (canonical)
bastar (romanization)
bestar (romanization)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बिस्तर (bistar)

Urdu: بِسْتَر (bistar)

Ottoman Turkish: بستر (bister)

→ Punjabi:

Shahmukhi script: بستر (bistar)

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿਸਤਰ (bistar)

Urdu: بستر (bistar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wstl /wistar/, “bedding”), from Proto-Iranian *Habí (“to, for”) + *starH- (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, for”) + Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”).


مفتی

head

مُفْتی • (mofti)

fa-noun

مُفْتی • (mofti)

منعم مکن ز عشق وی ای مفتی زمان
معذور دارمت که تو او را ندیدهای

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 424”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

Do not prohibit me from loving him/her, o mufti of the age!
Grant me pardon, since you have not seen him/her.

man'-am ma-kon zi išq-i way ay muftī-yi zamān
ma'zūr dār-am-at ki tu ō rā na-dīda'ī


جنگ سرد

head

جنگ سرد • (jang-e sard) (plural جنگهای سرد (jang-hâ-ye sard))

jang-e sard (romanization)
جنگهای سرد (plural)

[ˈdʒæŋɡe ˈsærd]


بیمارستان

بیمارِسْتان • (bimârestân) (plural بیمارستانها (bimârestân-hâ))

بیمارِسْتان (canonical)
bimârestân (romanization)
بیمارستانها (plural)
بیمارستان (singular)
بیمارستان (ezafe singular)
بیمارستانی (definite relative singular)
بیمارستانی (indefinite singular stressed)
بیمارستانم (first-person possessive singular)
بیمارستانت (second-person singular)
بیمارستانش (possessive singular third-person)
بیمارستانم (first-person singular)
bimârestânam (first-person singular)
بیمارستانیم (first-person plural)
bimârestânim (first-person plural)
بیمارستانی (second-person singular)
bimârestâni (second-person singular)
بیمارستانید (plural second-person)
bimârestânid (plural second-person)
بیمارستانین (colloquial plural second-person)
bimârestânin (plural second-person)
بیمارستان است (singular third-person)
bimârestân ast (singular third-person)
بیمارستانه (colloquial singular third-person)
bimârestâne (singular third-person)
بیمارستانند (plural third-person)
bimârestânand (plural third-person)
بیمارستانن (colloquial plural third-person)
bimârestânan (plural third-person)

→ English: bimaristan

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیمارستان (bîmâristân)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭩𐭬𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭭 (wēmārestān, “hospital”). بیمار (bimâr, “sick, ill”) + ـستان (estân, “place of”).


ابلیس

head

اِبْلیس • (eblis)

fa-noun

اِبْلیس • (eblis)

اِبْلیس (canonical)
eblis (romanization)


امامت

head

امامت • (emâmat)

fa-noun

امامت • (emâmat)

Borrowed from Arabic إِمَامة (ʔimāma), from إِمَام (ʔimām) + ـَة (-a).


امت

head

امت • (ommat) (plural امتها (ommat-hâ) or امتان (ommatân) or امم (omam))

ommat (romanization)
امتها (plural)
امتان (plural)
امم (plural)

ای شه بامتان خود اجر عظیم بخش
وانگه شراب عشق بجان سلیم بخش

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 70:

O king [the prophet Muhammad], bestow great recompense to your ummah,
And then bestow the wine of love to the peaceable soul.

ay šah ba-ummatān-i xwad ajr-i azīm baxš
w-āngah šarāb-i išq ba-jān-i salīm baxš


میخانه

میخانه • (meyxâne) (plural میخانهها (meyxâne-hâ))

meyxâne (romanization)
میخانهها (plural)

Tajik: майхона (mayxona)

→ Azerbaijani: meyxana

→ Hindi: मैख़ाना (maixānā)

→ Northern Kurdish: meyxane

→ Pashto: ميخانه (mayxāná)

→ Turkmen: meýhana

→ Urdu: میخانہ (maixānā)

→ Uzbek: mayxona

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میخانه (meyhane)
Turkish: meyhane
→ Armenian: մեխանա (mexana), մեյխանա (meyxana), միհանա (mihana)
→ Bulgarian: механа́ (mehaná)
→ Macedonian: меана (meana)
→ Romanian: mihamea
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: меха̀на
Latin script: mehàna


یخچال

head

یَخْچال • (yaxčâl) (plural یخچالها (yaxčâl-hâ))

یَخْچال (canonical)
yaxčâl (romanization)
یخچالها (plural)

[jäx.t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

[jæx.t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

[jäχ.t͡ʃʰɔl]

From یخ (yax, “ice”) + چال (čâl, “basement, dungeon, area”).


کلمه

head

کلمه • (kaleme) (plural کلمهها (kaleme-hâ) or کلمات (kalemât))

kaleme (romanization)
کلمهها (plural)
کلمات (plural)
کلمه (singular)
کلمهها، کلمها (kalame-hấ, kalameấ^△) (colloquial plural)
کلمهٔ (ezafe singular)
کلمهای (definite relative singular)
کلمهای (indefinite singular stressed)
کلمهام، کلمم (kalamé-am, kalamám^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
کلمهات، کلمت (kalamé-at, kalamát^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
کلمهاش، کلمش (kalamé-aš, kalamáš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)


لالایی

لالایی • (lâlâyi) (plural لالاییها (lâlâyi-hâ))

By surface analysis, لالا (lâlâ, “used to hush a baby to sleep”) + ـی (-i, “noun-deriving suffix”).


چمچه

head

چمچه • (čamče, čomče)

fa-noun

چمچه • (čamče, čomče)

čamče (romanization)
čomče (romanization)

desc

→ Iraqi Arabic: چَمْچَة (čámča, “ladle”)

→ Armenian: չոմչա (čʻomčʻa), չամչիկ (čʻamčʻik)

→ Assamese: চামুচ (samus)

→ Baluchi: چمچہ (camca)

→ Bengali: চামচ (camoc)

→ Chagatai: چمچه (çemçe), چومچار (çumçar)

→ Doteli: चम्मच (cammac)

→ Georgian: ჩამჩა (čamča) (or via Turkic, since the 14th century)

→ Gujarati: ચમચો (camco), ચમચી (camcī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चमचा (camcā), चम्मच (cammac)

Urdu: چمچہ (camcā), چمّچ (cammac)

→ Kannada: ಚಮಚ (camaca)

→ Marathi: चमचा (camcā)

→ Marwari: सम्स्यो (samsyo)

→ Odia: ଚାମଚ (cāmaca)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چمچه (çamça, çemçe)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਮਚਾ (camcā)

Shahmukhi script: چمچہ (camcā)

→ Sanskrit: चमस (camasa)

→ Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠝꠌ (samoso)

→ Tamil: சம்சா (camcā)

→ Telugu: చెమ్చా (cemcā)

→ Turkmen: çemçe

→⇒ Old Armenian: չամչաշերեփ (čʻamčʻašerepʻ)

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰʊm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰum.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰæm.t͡ʃʰé]

[t͡ʃʰom.t͡ʃʰé]

[t͡ʃʰäm.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[t͡ʃʰum.t͡ʃʰǽ]

Turkic borrowing. Found in Kazakh шөміш (şömış), Kyrgyz чөмүч (cömüc), Bashkir сүмес (sümes), Uzbek choʻmich, Chagatai [script needed] (čömüš), and compare probably separate but similarly formed Uyghur [script needed] (qemič), Karakhanid [script needed] (qamɨč), Tuvan хымыш (xımış), Yakut хомуос (qomuos), Dolgan комуос, Bulgar [script needed] (xumǯa) from Proto-Turkic *kamïč, all meaning “scoop, ladle”. In Persian the stem of the former word appears suffixed + ـچه (-če, diminutive).

cog

Kazakh шөміш (şömış)

Dolgan комуос


حکومت

head

حُکومَت • (hokumat) (plural حکومتها (hokumat-hâ))

حُکومَت (canonical)
hokumat (romanization)
حکومتها (plural)
حکومت (singular)
حکومت (ezafe singular)
حکومتی (definite relative singular)
حکومتی (indefinite singular stressed)
حکومتم (first-person possessive singular)
حکومتت (second-person singular)
حکومتش (possessive singular third-person)


تعریف

تعریف • (ta'rif) (plural تعریفها (ta'rif-hâ) or تعاریف (ta'ârif))

ta'rif (romanization)
تعریفها (plural)
تعاریف (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: tərif

→ Bengali: তারিফ (tariph)

→ Gujarati: તારીફ (tārīph)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तारीफ़ (tārīf)

Urdu: تَعْرِیف (ta'rīf)

desc

Kannada: ತಾರೀಫು (tārīphu), ತಾರೀಪು (tārīpu)

→ Marathi: तारीफ (tārīph)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تعریف

Turkish: tarif

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਰੀਫ਼ (tārīf)

Shahmukhi script: تَعْرِیف (taʻrīf)

→ Uzbek: taʼrif

→ Uyghur: تەرىپ (terip)

[t̪ʰäʔ.ɾiːf]

[t̪ʰäʔ.ɾiːf]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾiːf]

[t̪ʰæʔ.ɹiːf]


کمونیست

head

کمونیست • (komunist) (plural کمونیستها (komunist-hâ))

komunist (romanization)
کمونیستها (plural)


دوربین

Tajik: дурбин (durbin)

desc

→ Arabic: دَرْبِين (darbīn), دَرْبِيل (darbīl, “telescope; binoculars”) (dialects)

→ Swahili: darubini (“telescope; binoculars”)

→ Armenian: դուրբին (durbin), դիրբին (dirbin), դուլբին (dulbin), դուլբուն (dulbun), տո̈ւլպո̈ւն (tülpün), դո̈ւրբո̈ւն (dürbün), տելբի (telbi), դիլպի (dilpi), դուլդուլ (duldul), տուլտոզ (tultoz), դօ̈լբինդ (dölbind)

→ Azerbaijani: durbin

→ Bengali: দূরবিন (durbin)

→ Georgian: დურბინდი (durbindi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दूरबीन (dūrbīn)

Urdu: دوربین (dūrbīn)

→ Kazakh: дүрбі (dürbı)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوربین (dürbin, dürbün)
Turkish: dürbün
→ Albanian: dyrbi, dylbi
→ Macedonian: дурбин (durbin)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ду̀рбӣн, дурбисна (archaic)
Latin script: dùrbīn, durbisna (archaic)

→ Uyghur: دۇربۇن (durbun)

→ Uzbek: durbin

From دور (dur) + بین (bin). In the sense of a prospective glass, calque of Latin tēlescopum, tēlescopium, transmitted after this device was invented in Europe in the early 17ᵗʰ century by travellers to the East, which however makes it likely that this sense developed in the Ottoman Turkish vocabulary first.


غزل

Borrowed from Arabic غَزَل (ḡazal, “a compliment; erotic poetry”).

bor+

(poetry) ghazal (form of lyric love poetry)


لایحه

head

لایحه • (lâyehe) (plural لایحهها (lâyehe-hâ))


بودایی

fa-adj

بودایی • (budâyi)


کنکور

[kʰoŋ.kʰúːɹ]

fa:کنکور در ایران

برای کنکور هنر چی بخونم؟ (colloquial Iranian)

What should I study for the art entrance exam?

entrance examination
entrance examination

the national university entrance examination in Iran


روزه

→ Assamese: ৰোজা (rüza)

→ Bengali: রোজা (rōja)

→ Gujarati: રોજો (rojo)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: रोजा (rojā)
Hindustani: rozā
Hindi: रोज़ा
Urdu: روزَہ (roza)

→ Maithili: rōjā

Devanagari script: रोजा

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒼𑒖𑒰

→ Marwari: रोजा (rojā)

→ Old Punjabi: ਰੋਜਾ (rojā)
Punjabi: rozā
Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਜ਼ਾ
Shahmukhi script: روزہ

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوروج (oruc)
Turkish: oruç

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: روزو

Devanagari script: रोज़ो

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwck' /rōzag/), 𐫡𐫇𐫝𐫃 (rwcg /rōzag/, “fast, fasting”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčakah (“fasting”). Equivalent to روز (ruz, “day”) + ـه (-e). Cognate with Baluchi روچگ (rōčag) and Southern Kurdish ڕووژە (rûje).

inherited

(religion) fast, fasting (abstinence from eating)

من غم روزه خورم و مغبچهها باده ناب
سوختم آه درین شهر مسلمانی هست

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 115:

I suffer the sorrow of fasting, and the Magian children drink pure wine;
I burn in anguish! Alas that there is Islam in this town!

man ğam-i rōza xwaram u muğbačča-hā bāda-yi nāb
sūxtam āh dar īn šahr musalmānī hast

(Islam) sawm (fasting, particularly in Ramadan)

fast, fasting (abstinence from eating)
sawm (fasting, particularly in Ramadan)


فرصت

فُرصَت (canonical)
forsat (romanization)

→ Bashkir: форсат (forsat)

→ Bengali: ফুরসত (furśot)

desc

→ Gujarati: ફુરસદ (phursad), ફુરસત (phursat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: फ़ुर्सत (fursat)

Urdu: فرصت (fursat)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಸತ್ತು (purusattu)

→ Kazakh: мұрсат (mūrsat)

→ Uyghur: پۇرسەت (purset)

→ Uzbek: fursat

Etymology tree
Arabic فُرْصَة (furṣa)bor.
Persian فُرصَت
Borrowed from Arabic فُرْصَة (furṣa).

etymon

فُرصَت


هما

head

هما • (homâ)

fa-noun

هما • (homâ)

From earlier همای (homây), from Middle Persian hwmʾy (humāy).

بازم و حیران شود در من هما
جغد که بود تا بداند سر ما

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1161:

I am a falcon, and (yet) the humá becomes lost in amazement at me:
who is an owl, that it should know my secret?

bāz-am u hayrān šawad dar man humā
juğd ki buwad tā bi-dānad sirr-i mā


شمشیر

head

شمشیر • (šamšir) (plural شمشیرها (šamšir-hâ))

→ Bengali: শমশের (śomośer)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شمشیر (şemşir, şimşir)
→ Middle Armenian: շիմշիր (šimšir)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਮਸ਼ੀਰ (śamśīr)

Shahmukhi script: شمشیر (śamśīr)

→ Urdu: شمشیر (śamśīr)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šmšyl /šamšēr/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (špšyl), 𐫢𐫜𐫢𐫏𐫡 (šfšyr /šafšēr/, “sword”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫘𐫜𐫘𐫏𐫡 (sfsyr /safsēr/, “sword”). Compare Iranian borrowings Old Armenian սուսեր (suser, “sword”), Classical Syriac ܣܦܣܝܪܐ (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic ספסרא, ספסירא (sap̄sērāʾ, “sword”), Ancient Greek σαμψήρα (sampsḗra, “foreign sword”), and possibly Italian scimitarra (“scimitar”).


عمر

(Islam) Omar bin al-Khattab, second Sunni Islamic caliph and a companion of Muhammad


عمر

(Islamic law) Richard Roe; a conventional placeholder name in Islamic law, used for the second party along with زید (zeyd, first party) and بکر (bakr, optional third party).


تاوه

head

تاوه • (tâve)

fa-noun

تاوه • (tâve)

Tajik: тоба (toba), това (tova)

→ Abaza: таба (taba)

→ Adyghe: табэ (tabɛ)

→ Azerbaijani: tava

→ Bashkir: таба (taba)

→ Dargwa: тава (tava)

→ Georgian: ტაფა (ṭapa)

→ Ossetian: тъапа (t’apa)

→ Kabardian: табэ (tabɛ)

→ Karachay-Balkar: таба (taba)

→ Kazakh: таба (taba)

→ Kumyk: тава (tawa)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: tawe, tawan

→ Kyrgyz: таба (taba)

desc

→ Ossetian: те́бӕ (tébæ), таба (taba), табай (tabaj), теби (tebi) (via a Turkic language)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تاوه (tava), تابا (taba), تاوا (tava), طابا (taba), طاوه (tava)
Turkish: tava
→ Albanian: tavë
→ Arabic: طَوَّايَة (ṭawwāya)
→ Bulgarian: тава (tava)
→ Greek: νταβάς (ntavás), ταβάς (tavás)
→ Macedonian: тава (tava)
→ Middle Armenian: թաւայ (tʻaway)
Armenian: թավա (tʻava)
→ Romanian: tavă
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: тава
Latin script: tava
→ Zazaki: tava

→ Siberian Tatar: таба (taba)

→ Svan: ტაფა̈ (ṭapä)

→ Tatar: таба (taba)

→ Turkmen: taba

→ Udmurt: таба (taba)

→ Uzbek: tova

From Middle Persian tʾp̄k' (tābag); see there for further information.


مسلسل

Borrowed from Arabic مُسَلْسَل (musalsal).


اضافه

head

اضافه • (ezâfe) (plural اضافهها (ezâfe-hâ))

Dari: اضافه (izāfa)

Iranian Persian: اضافه (ezâfe)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 耶扎菲 (yēzhāfēi)

→ French: ézafé m

→ English: ezafe

→ Japanese: エザーフェ (ezāfe)

→ Korean: 에자페 (ejape)

Tajik: изофа (izofa)

→ Armenian: իզաֆետ (izafet)

→ Azerbaijani: izafət

→ Bengali: ইজাফা (izafa)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इज़ाफ़ा (izāfā)

Urdu: اِضَافَہ (izāfa)

→ Kazakh: изафет (izafet)

→ Kumyk: изафат (izafat)

→ Kyrgyz: изафет (izafet)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: اضافه (izafe), اضافت (izafet)

Turkish: izafe, izafet, izâfe

→ Russian: изафе́т (izafét)

→ Ukrainian: ізафет (izafet)

→ Zazaki: izafe

→ Pashto: اضافه (ezāfá)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਜ਼ਾਫ਼ਾ (izāfā)

Shahmukhi script: اِضافَہ (īẓāfah)

→ Uzbek: izofat

etymon

ar>إِضَافَة>ʔiḍāfa

(grammar) the act of linking words with the ezafe grammatical particle


دانش‌آموز

head

دانِشآموز • (dâneš-âmuz) (plural دانشآموزان (dâneš-âmuzân))

دانِش آموز (canonical)
dâneš-âmuz (romanization)
دانشآموزان (plural)

→ Urdu: دانش آموز (dāniś-āmoz)

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃ ʔɑː.móːz]

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃ ʔɑː.móːz]

[d̪ɑː.nɪ́ʃ ʔɑː.móːz]

[d̪ɔː.níʃ ʔɔː.mʊ́ːz]

[d̪ɒː.néʃ ʔɒː.múːz]

[d̪ɔ.níʃ ʔɔ.mɵ́z]


ملک

→ Assamese: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Bengali: মুলুক (muluk)

→ Gujarati: મુલક (mulak)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: मुलक (mulaka)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुल्क (mulk)
Urdu: مُلْک (mulk)

→ Maithili

Devanagari script: मुलुक (muluk)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒪𑒳𑒏 (muluk)

→ Marathi: मुलूख (mulūkh)

→ Marwari: मुलक (mulak)

→ Nepali: मुलुक (muluk)

→ Odia: ମୁଲକ (mulaka)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਲਕ (mulak)

Shahmukhi script: مُلَک (mulak)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُلْڪُ (mulku)

Devanagari script: मुल्कु (mulku)

Borrowed from Arabic مُلْك (mulk, “kingship, royalty, monarchy”).


دادگاه

head

دادگاه • (dâdgâh) (plural دادگاهها (dâdgâh-hâ))

→ Urdu: داد گاہ (dād gāh)

[dɑːð.ˈɡɑːh]

[d̪ɑːd̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪ɑːd̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪ɑːd̪.ɡɑ́ː]

[d̪ɔːd̪.ɡɔ́ː]

[d̪ɒːd̪.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[d̪ɔd̪.ɡɔ́ʱ]


پرده

پرده • (parde) (plural پردهها (parde-hâ))

desc

→ Middle Armenian: փարդայ (pʻarday), փարտայ (pʻartay), փարդէ (pʻardē), փարտէ (pʻartē), փէրտա (pʻērta), փէրտէ (pʻērtē)

Armenian: փարդա (pʻarda), ֆարդա (farda)

→ Azerbaijani: pərdə

→ Bengali: পর্দা (porda)

→ Bashkir: пәрҙә (pərźə)

desctree

→ Georgian: ფარდა (parda)
→ Bats: ფარდ (pard)
→ Mingrelian: ფარო (paro)
→ Svan: ფარდა (parda)

→ Gulf Arabic: پرده

→ Malayalam: പർദ്ദ (paṟdda)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: परदा (pardā)

Urdu: پردہ (pardah)
→ English: purdah

→ Iraqi Arabic: پرده

→ Kazakh: перде (perde)

→ Punjabi: ਪਰਦਾ (pardā) / پردہ (parda)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرده (perde)
Turkish: perde
→ Albanian: perde
→ Armenian: փէրտէ (pʻērtē)
→ Bulgarian: перде́ (perdé)
→ Greek: μπερντές (berntés)
→ Laz: ფერდე (perde)
→ Macedonian: перде (perde)
→ Romanian: perdea
→ Serbo-Croatian: перда / perda

→ Uyghur: پەردە (perde)

→ Uzbek: parda

From Middle Persian pltk' (pardag), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; hide, cloth”). Cognate with Sanskrit पट (paṭa, “piece of cloth”), Northern Kurdish perî (“curtain; bridal curtain”), Central Kurdish پەردوو (perdû, “roofing material, such as leaves, barks, etc.”).
Compare also Old Armenian պարտակ (partak), Classical Syriac ܦܪܕܩܐ (pardəqā), Iranian borrowings.

cog

Rumi, "Ney-nameh", Masnavi-e Ma'navi
... پردههایش پردههای ما درید
... pardehâyaš, pardehâ-ye mâ darid

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(music) tone, a whole tone (musical interval equal (exactly or approximately) to two semitones)


قانون

head

قانون • (qânun) (plural قانونها (qânun-hâ) or قوانین (qavânin))

qânun (romanization)
قانونها (plural)
قوانین (plural)

→ Assamese: কানুন (kanun)

→ Bengali: কানুন (kanun)

→ Gujarati: કાનૂન (kānūn)

→ Hindi: क़ानून (qānūn)

→ Northern Kurdish: qanûn

→ Central Kurdish: قانوون (qanûn)

→ Punjabi: ਕਨੂੰਨ (kanū̃nă)

→ Santali: ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ (kănun)

→ Urdu: قانُون (qānūn)

Borrowed from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn).


سل

(music) G, Sol (the fifth note of the fixed-Do solfège scale)

(music) Sol (the fifth note of the movable-Do solfège scale, i.e. the dominant)


زیر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hcdl /azēr/, “underneath”), from Old Persian *hacā-adari, equivalent to 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hacā/, “from”, from Proto-Iranian *háčaH, from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂) + *adari (“under”, from Proto-Iranian *Hadárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰ-ér-o-s, distantly related to English under).
The prepositional usage is a contraction of older در زیرِ (dar zir-e, literally “in the underneath of”) or به زیرِ (be zir-e, literally “at the underneath of”); the full forms are dated in Iran but more common in the eastern lands.

inh

زاری اندر نی ز گفتار منست
زیر چنگ از نالهٔ زار من است

1177, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “The tale of the nightingale”, in منطقالطیر [The Conference of the Birds]:

The mystery in the flute is from my speech;
The treble of the harp is from my forlorn cries.

rāzē andar nay zi guftār-i man ast
zēr-i čang az nāla-yi zār-i man ast

(music) high-pitched tune; soprano or treble


دبستان

head

دَبِسْتان • (dabestân)

fa-noun

دَبِسْتان • (dabestân)

دَبِسْتان (canonical)
dabestân (romanization)


دبیرستان

From Middle Persian dpyrstʾn' (dibīrestān, “school”), equivalent to دبیر (debir) + ستان (estân).


سلطنت

Bengali: সালতানাত (saltanat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सल्तनत (saltanat)

Urdu: سَلْطَنَت (saltanat)

Borrowed from Arabic سَلْطَنَة (salṭana).


خشونت خانگی

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

[xʊ.ʃuː.nǽ.t̪ʰɪ xɑː.nä.ɡíː]

fa:خشونت خانگی


اژدر

head

اژدر • (aždar) (plural اَژادُر or اَژْدَرْها)

aždar (romanization)
اَژادُر (plural)
اَژْدَرْها (plural)

Khowar: اژدار (aždár, “dragon”)

Urdu: اَژْدَر (aždár, “dragon”)

اژدها اژدها#Persian

Alternative form of اژدها (aždahâ, “dragon”)


شرکت

شِرْکَت • (šerkat) (plural شرکتها (šerkat-hâ))

شِرْکَت (canonical)
šerkat (romanization)
شرکتها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şirkət

→ Crimean Tatar: şirket

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şirket

→ Pashto: شرکت (šerkát)

→ Uyghur: شىركەت (shirket)

→ Urdu: شِرْکَت (śirkat)

→ Uzbek: shirkat

→ Tatar: ширкәт (şirkät)

[ʃeɹ.kʰʲǽt̪]

شرکت دولتی

شرکت بزرگ بین المللی

او در جنگ شرکت داشت.

در امتحان شرکت کردم.


میدان

میدان • (meydân) (plural میدانها (meydân-hâ))

Tajik: майдон (maydon)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Assamese: ময়দান (moyodan)

→ Azerbaijani: meydan

→ Braj: मैदान (maidān)

→ Middle Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

Bengali: ময়দান (moẏdan)

→ Dhivehi: މައިޒާން (maizān̊)

→ Dogri: madān

Devanagari script: मदान

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠛𑠬𑠝

→ Georgian: მოედანი (moedani)

→ Gojri: میدان (maidān)

→ Gujarati: મેદાન (medān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मैदान (maidān)

Urdu: مَیْدَانْ (maidān)

→ Kannada: ಮೈದಾನ (maidāna)

→ Kashmiri: mạ̄dān

Arabic script: مٲدان

Devanagari script: मऻदान

Sharada script: 𑆩𑆳𑆢𑆳𑆤𑇀

→ Kazakh: майдан (maidan)

→ Konkani:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Kannada script: ಮಯ್ದಾನ್

Latin script: moidan

→ Kumyk: майдан (maydan)

→ Lezgi: майдан (majdan)

→ Maithili: medān

Devanagari script: मॆदान

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒺𑒠𑒰𑒢

→ Malayalam: മൈദാനം (maidānaṁ)

→ Malvi: मेदान (medān)

→ Marathi: maidān

Devanagari script: मैदान

Modi script: 𑘦𑘺𑘟𑘰𑘡

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मैदान (maidān)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅑𑅥𑅧 (midn)

→ Nepali: मैदान (maidān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میدان (meydân)
Turkish: meydan
→ Albanian: mejdan
→ Aromanian: migdane, migdãni, miydane
→ Bulgarian: мегда́н (megdán)
→ Crimean Tatar: meydan
→ Czech: mejdan
→ Greek: μεϊντάνι (meïntáni)
→ Macedonian: мегдан (megdan)
→ Romanian: maidan
→ Serbo-Croatian: mègdān / мѐгда̄н, mèjdān / мѐјда̄н
→ Tatar: мәйдан (mäydan)

→ Odia: ମଇଦାନ (maidāna)

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੈਦਾਨੁ (maidānu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੈਦਾਨ (maidān), ਮਦਾਨ (madān)
Shahmukhi script: مَیدان (maidān)

→ Sindhi: maidānu

Arabic script: مَيدانُ

Devanagari script: मैदानु

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋦𑋏𑋠𑋑𑋣

→ Telugu: మైదానము (maidānamu)

→ Ukrainian: майдан (majdan) (via a Turkic language)

→ Uyghur: مەيدان (meydan)

→ Uzbek: maydon

→ Khorezmian Turkic: ميدان (mäydan)

→ Zazaki: meydan

Borrowed from Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), itself an Iranian borrowing. Doublet of میان (miyân).

(Sufism, uncommon) stage of the mystical path


مین

ماین ماین#Persian

(Dari) Alternative form of ماین (“mine (exploding device)”).


نوح

(religion) Noah (a figure in Abrahamic religions, believed to have built an ark to save his family and members of each species of animal from the Great Flood)

Noah (the 71st sura (chapter) of the Qur'an)


یکی بود یکی نبود

head

یکی بود یکی نبود

یکی بود یکی نبود • (yeki bud yeki nabud)

(used at the beginnings of fairytales) once upon a time (literally One was, one wasn't.)


کلاه

کلاه • (kolâh) (plural کلاهها (kolâh-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: külah

→ Gujarati: કુલાહ (kulāh)

→ Malay: kulah

Indonesian: kulah

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلاه (külah)

→ Turkish: külah

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlʾp̄ /kulāf/, “cap, bonnet”). Compare Middle Armenian սաքուլայ (sakʻulay) and Northern Luri کلو (kelo).

inh

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
به ایوان خرامید و بنشست شاد
کلاه کیانی به سر بر نهاد
be ivân xarâmid o benšast šâd
kolâhe kiyâni bar sar nehâd
(He) gingerly approached and delightedly acceded to the throne


خوابگاه

head

خوابگاه • (xâbgâh) (plural خوابگاهها (xâbgâh-hâ))

xâbgâh (romanization)
خوابگاهها (plural)

desc

→ Gujarati: ખાબગાહ (khābgāh), ખ્વાબગાહ (khvābgāh)

→ Urdu: خواب گاہ (xvāb gāh, “bedchamber”)

[xʷɑːβ.ˈɡɑːh]

[xɑːb.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[xɑːb.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[xɒːb.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

From خواب (xâb, “sleep”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “place”).


لهجه

head

لَهْجِه • (lahje) (plural لهجهها (lahje-hâ))

لَهْجِه (canonical)
lahje (romanization)
لهجهها (plural)

لَهْجِهٔ تِهْرانی


طبل

From Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl), from Parthian 𐫎𐫁𐫏𐫓 (ṯbyl /tabil/). Compare تبیر (tabir, “drum”).


عاشورا

عاشورا • ('âšurâ)

fa-proper noun

عاشورا • ('âšurâ)

Borrowed from Arabic عَاشُورَاء (ʕāšūrāʔ).

bor+

(Islam) Ashura, a holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala in 680 AD.


امپراتور

head

اِمْپِراتور • (emperâtur) (plural امپراتورها (emperâtur-hâ))

اِمْپِراتور (canonical)
emperâtur (romanization)
امپراتورها (plural)

[ʔɪm.pʰä.ɾɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[ʔem.pʰe.ɹɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


امپراتوری

امپراتوری • (emperâturi)

fa-noun

امپراتوری • (emperâturi)


ملکه

head

ملکه • (maleke) (plural ملکهها (maleke-hâ) or ملکات (malekât))

maleke (romanization)
ملکهها (plural)
ملکات (plural)

Dari: مَلِکَه (malika)

Iranian Persian: مَلِکِه (maleke)

Tajik: малика (malika)

→ Gujarati: મલિકા (malikā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मलिका (malikā)

Urdu: مَلِکَہ (malika)

→ Marwari: मलिका (malikā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਲਕਾ (malkā)

Shahmukhi script: مَلِکَہ (malikah)

→ Sindhi: malikā

Arabic script: مَلڪَھ

Devanagari script: मलिका

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِكَة (malika). By surface analysis, ملک (malek) + ـه (-e).


پارلمان

head

پارلمان • (pârlemân)

fa-noun

پارلمان • (pârlemân)

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑːɾ.lä.mɑ́ːn]

[pʰɔːɾ.lä.mɔ́ːn]

پارلمان افغانستان


آشپزخانه

head

آشپَزخَانه • (âšpazxâne) (plural آشپزخانهها (âšpazxâne-hâ))

آشپَزخَانه (canonical)
âšpazxâne (romanization)
آشپزخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: aşpazxana

desc

→ Armenian: աշպազխանա (ašpazxana), ասպաժխանա (aspažxana)

→ Khalaj: âşpəzxânə

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːʃ.pʰäz.xɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːʃ.pʰäz.xɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːʃ.pʰæz.xɒː.né]

[ʔɒːʃ.pʰæz.xɒː.né]

[ʔɔʃ.pʰäz.χɔ.nǽ]

Etymology tree
Persian آش
Persian پز
Persian آشپز
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 (bytʾ)
Persian خانه
Persian آشپزخانه
From آشپز (âšpaz) + خانه (xâne).

compound

آشپز (âšpaz) + خانه (xâne)

هر خانه آشپزخانهای دارد.


سرنا

head

سرنا • (sornâ) (plural سرناها (sornâ-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: zurna

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)
Turkish: zurna
→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)
→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)
→ English: zurna
→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)
→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)
→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)
→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)
→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)
Armenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)
→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: зу̑рна
Latin script: zȗrna

→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 嗩吶 /唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)

Borrowed from an unknown, possibly Anatolian, Indo-European cognate of Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (ṡṛṅga, “horn”), Latin cornū, English horn, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (though Kloekhorst disagrees). Folk etymology explains the word as سور (sur, “banquet, feast”) + نای (nây, “pipe, flute, nay”).


چنگ

→ Arabic: جَنْك (jank), جُنْك (junk)

→ Azerbaijani: çəng

→ Burmese: စောင်း (caung:)

→ Mon: စံၚ်

→ Georgian: ჩანგი (čangi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چنك (çenk, çeng)

Turkish: çenk, çeng

Possibly related to the meaning of “claw” and “talon”, from Middle Persian [script needed] (cng /čang/, “harp”). Cognate to Parthian [Manichaean needed] (šng /šang/, “harp”), Sogdian [Manichaean needed] (cyngry’ /čingaryā/), [Manichaean needed] (cngry’ /čangaryā/, “(a kind of) musical instrument, (a kind of) harp”); also related to Arabic صَنْج (ṣanj), a Middle Persian borrowing.

cog

مطربا در بزم ما امشب منه از چنگ چنگ
ای سلیمی باده نوش و دیده بر دیدار دار

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 176:

O minstrel, do not put away the harp from your hands during our feast tonight!
O Selim! Drink wine and keep your eyes upon her face!

mutribā dar bazm-i mā imšab manih az čang čang
ay salīmī bāda nōš u dīda bar dīdār dār


بهشتی

→ Bengali: বেহেশ্তী (beheśtī)


دستگاه

head

دَسْتْگاه • (dastgâh) (plural دَستگاهها)

دَسْتْگاه (canonical)
dastgâh (romanization)
دَستگاهها (plural)

→ Armenian: դազգահ (dazgah)

→ Azerbaijani: dəstgah, dəsgah, dəzgah

→ English: dastgah

desctree

→ Georgian: დაზგა (dazga)
→ Bats: დაზგ (dazg)

→ Gujarati: દસ્તગાહ (dastagāh)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستكاه (destgah), تزكاه (tezgah)
Turkish: tezgâh
→ Albanian: tezgjah
→ Arabic: تَازِجَة (tāzija)
→ Bulgarian: тезгя́х (tezgjáh)
→ Greek: τεζάκι (tezáki), τεζιάκι (teziáki), τεζάχι (tezáchi), τεζιάχι (teziáchi)
→ Macedonian: тезѓа (tezǵa)
→ Romanian: tejghea
→ Serbo-Croatian: tèzga / тѐзга

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ːʱ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɑ́ː]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɔ́ː]

[d̪æst̪.ɡɒ́ːʰ]

[d̪äst̪.ɡɔ́ʱ]


اتو

head

اتو • (utū /otu) (plural اتوها (utū /otu-hâ))

utū (romanization)
otu (romanization)
اتوها (plural)

From a Turkic source, such as Ottoman Turkish اوتو (ütü), Azerbaijani ütü, Turkmen ütük. Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ütüg.


مجازات

مجازات • (mojâzât) (plural مجازاتها (mojâzât-hâ))

mojâzât (romanization)
مجازاتها (plural)

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑːt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic مُجَازَاة (mujāzāh).


کرگدن

head

کرگدن • (kargadan) (plural کرگدنها (kargadan-hâ))

kargadan (romanization)
کرگدنها (plural)

→ Avar: гаргадан (gargadan)

→ Azerbaijani: kərgədan

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkəḏānā)

→ Arabic: كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan)

→ Crimean Tatar: kerkedan

→ Gujarati: કરગદન (karagdan)

→ Gurani: کەرگەدەنگ (kargadang)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kergeden

Central Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Southern Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Laki: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

→ Lak: каргадан (kargadan)

→ Mazanderani: کرگردن (kərgadən)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քարկարտան (kʻarkartan), քարկանտան (kʻarkantan)

→ Tatar: кәркедән (kärkedän)

→ Turkish: gergedan

→ Turkmen: kerk (from کرگ (karg))

→ Uyghur: كەركىدان (kerkidan)

→ Uzbek: karkidon

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰʲæɹ.ɡʲæ.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (klg /karg/, “rhinoceros; horn”) + [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “bearer, holder”), ultimately from Sanskrit खड्ग (khaḍga, “rhinoceros; literally sword bearer”).
Compare Arabic كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan, “rhinoceros”), Classical Syriac ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkǝḏānā, “rhinoceros”), Sanskrit खड्गधेनु (khaḍgadhenu, “a female rhinoceros”).


تورم

تَوَرُّم (canonical)
tavarrom (romanization)

[t̪ʰæ.væɹ.ɹóm]

[t̪ʰä.väɾ.ɾúm]

Borrowed from Arabic تَوَرُّم (tawarrum).

bor+

نرخ تورم

با این حساب به نظر میرسد روند تورم در ایران تا اطلاع ثانوی به تحولات سیاسی، علیالخصوص سیاست خارجی بستگی خواهد داشت.

2021 January 26, “گرانی در ایران؛ آیا تورم در حال کاهش است؟”, in BBC Persian:

Given this account, it appears that the trend of inflation in Iran will depend on political developments, especially foreign politics, until further notice.

bâ in hesâb be nazar mi-resad ravand-e tavarrom dar irân tâ ettelâ'-e sânavi be tahavolât-e siyâsi, alâ-l-xosus siyâsat-e xâreji bastegi xâhad dâšt.


کلیمی

کلیم (kalim, short for کلیم الله (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)) + ـی (-i).

af

کلیم
<pos:short for <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کلیم الله</i> (kalim-ollâh, “a title of Moses”, literally “he who spoke with God”)>


درس

dars (romanization)
درس (singular)
درسها، درسا (dars-hấ, darsấ^△) (plural)
درس را، درس رو (dars râ, darso^△) (definite direct-object singular)
درس (ezafe singular)
درسهای، درسای (dars-hấ-ye, darsấ-ye^△) (ezafe plural)
درسی (definite relative singular)
درسی (indefinite singular stressed)


موبد

From [Book Pahlavi needed] (mgwpt' /mowbed/) with the same meaning, from Proto-Iranian *magu-pati- (literally “head of the Magi”). By surface analysis, مغ (moğ, “magus”) + ـبد (-bad, “lord, master”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian մոգպետ (mogpet), մովպետան մովպետ (movpetan movpet), մուբիտան մուբիտ (mubitan mubit), Classical Syriac ܡܘܒܕ (mawbed), ܡܘܗܦܛܐ (mawhəp̄āṭā).


عکاس

head

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

fa-noun

عَکّاس • ('akkâs)

عَکّاس (canonical)
'akkâs (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: əkkas

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɑ́ːs]

[ʔäk.kʰɔ́ːs]

[ʔækʲ.kʰɒ́ːs]

Pseudo-Arabic formation from عَکْس ('aks, “photo”), from Arabic عَكْس (ʕaks, “reflection, opposite”), using the Arabic pattern فَعّال (faʕʕāl) which creates words for habitual actions and professions. Compare کَفّاش (kaffâš, “cobbler”).


شاهزاده

head

شاهزاده • (šâhzâde) (plural شاهزادگان (šâhzâdegân))

šâhzâde (romanization)
شاهزادگان (plural)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: (dialectal) ܫܵܗܙܵܕ݂ܵܐ (šāhzāḏā)

→ Azerbaijani: şahzadə

desctree

→ Chagatai: شهزاده
Uyghur: شاھزادە (shahzade)
Uzbek: shahzoda

→ English: shahzada

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: शहज़ादा (śahzādā), शाहज़ादा (śāhzādā)

Urdu: شہزادہ (śahzādah, śêhzādah), شاہزادہ (śāhzādah)

→ Phalura: šaazaadá, شہزادہ

→ Kazakh: шаһзада (şahzada)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاهزاده

Turkish: şehzade

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਜ਼ਾਦਾ (śahizādā), ਸ਼ਾਹਜ਼ਾਦਾ (śāhzādā)

Shahmukhi script: شہزادہ (śahzādah, śêhzādah), شاہزادہ (śāhzādah)

→ Tatar: шаһзадә (şahzadä)

→ Turkmen: şazada

[ʃɑːɦ.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɑːɦ.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɑː.zɑː.d̪ä]

[ʃɔː.zɔː.d̪ä]

[ʃɒːɦ.zɒː.d̪e]

[ʃɔɦ.zɔ.d̪ä]

From شاه (šâh, “king”) + زاده (zâde, “offspring”).


تلفظ

تَلَفُّظ (canonical)
talaffoz (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic تَلَفُّظ (talaffuẓ).


مترادف

head

مترادف • (motarâdef) (plural مترادفات (motarâdefât) or مترادفها (motarâdef-hâ))

motarâdef (romanization)
مترادفات (plural)
مترادفها (plural)

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

[mʊ.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.d̪ɪf]

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَرَادِف (mutarādif).


آخور

→ Azerbaijani: axur

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (axor)

→ Gulf Arabic: ياخور (yāḵūr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आख़ोर (āxor)

Urdu: آخور (āxor)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آخور (ahur, ahır)

Turkish: ahır, (dialectal) ahor, ahar

→ Albanian: ahur

→ Armenian: ախըռ (axəṙ)

→ Bulgarian: яхъ́р (jahǎ́r)

→ Crimean Tatar: ahır

→ Greek: αχούρι (achoúri)

→ Laz: ახირი (axiri)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ахар

Latin script: ahar

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾhwl /āxwarr/, “manger; stable”). Compare Northern Kurdish axur, afirr, Central Kurdish ئاخوڕ (axurr), Pashto آخور (āxor, “manger, trough; stable, stall”) and Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ախոռ (axoṙ), Georgian ახორი (axori), ახური (axuri), Classical Syriac ܐܟܘܪ (ʾāḵwar). The Iranian word literally means “a place for eating” and ultimately goes back to Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”), on which see خوردن (xwardan).


قانونی

fa-adj

قانونی • (qânuni)


حقوق بشر

head

حُقوقِ بَشَر

حُقوقِ بَشَر • (hoquq-e bašar)

fa-noun

حُقوقِ بَشَر

حُقوقِ بَشَر • (hoquq-e bašar)

حُقوقِ بَشَر (canonical)
hoquq-e bašar (romanization)

[ʔʊ.qúː.qɪ bä.ʃäɾ]


سید

(Shia Islam) Sayyid, an honorific title borne by male descendants of the prophet Muhammad.


ژورنالیست

head

ژورْنالیسْت • (žurnâlist) (plural ژورنالیستها (žurnâlist-hâ))

ژورْنالیسْت (canonical)
žurnâlist (romanization)
ژورنالیستها (plural)


یاور

یاور • (yâvar)

fa-noun

یاور • (yâvar)

→ Azerbaijani: yavər

→ Urdu: یاور (yāor)

→ Turkish: yaver

Akin to Parthian ʾdyʾwr (/aδyāwar/, “helper, friend”).


حاکم

head

حاکم • (hâkem) (plural حاکمان (hâkemân) or حاکمها (hâkem-hâ))

hâkem (romanization)
حاکمان (plural)
حاکمها (plural)


عود

Borrowed from Arabic عُود (ʕūd, “wood; lute”).


ژاندرم

head

ژاندرم • (žândarm) (plural ژاندرمها (žândarm-hâ))

žândarm (romanization)
ژاندرمها (plural)

[ʒɒːn̪.d̪ǽɹm]


خوهر

From Middle Persian [script needed] (xwah(ar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swasar-, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


حواری

head

حواری • (havâri) (plural حواریون (havâriyun))

→ Urdu: حَوَاری (havārī)

[hä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[hä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[ʔä.wɑː.ɾíː]

[hæ.vɒː.ɹíː]

Borrowed from Arabic حَوَارِيّ (ḥawāriyy), from Ge'ez ሐዋርያ (ḥäwarəya, “traveller; messenger, envoy; apostle”).

der

(Christianity, Islam) apostle (of Jesus)


نوا

head

نوا • (navâ)

fa-proper noun

نوا • (navâ)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwʾk' /niwāg/). Compare Old Armenian նուագ (nuag), an Iranian borrowing.


زه

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭩𐭧 (zyḥ /zīh/). Cognate with Avestan 𐬲𐬌𐬌𐬁 (žiiā, “bow-string”) , Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Old Church Slavonic жила (žila), Lithuanian gýsla, Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil) and Sanskrit ज्या (jyā́).


غربال

head

غربال • (ğarbâl)

fa-noun

غربال • (ğarbâl)

→ Azerbaijani: xəlbir

→ Uyghur: غەلۋىر (ghelwir)

→ Uzbek: gʻalvir

→ Turkmen: galbir

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلبور (kalbur), قالبور (kalbur), غلبور (galbur)
Turkish: kalbur
→ Armenian: խալպուր (xalpur)
→ Persian: قلبور (qalbur) (rare Ottoman or Azeri reborrowing)
→ Russian: халбу́р (xalbúr) (19th-century argot)

→ Kazakh: қалбыр (qalbyr)

→ Kyrgyz: калбыр (kalbır)

→ Nogai: калбыр (kalbır)

Borrowed from Arabic غِرْبَال (ḡirbāl), from Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא / ܥܱܪܒܳܠܴܐ (ʿarbālā), assumed to be from Hurrian.

der

Aramaic עַרְבָּלָא

sieve, riddle, cribble, strainer, sifter


فقاع

فقاع مانند شراب از نجاسات دهگانه بوده و نوشیدن آن حرام است.

Beer, like wine, is one of the ten najis substances and drinking it is haram.

foqqâ' mânand-e šarâb az nejâsât-e dah-gâne bude va nušidan-e ân harâm ast.

هیچ کسی را زهره نبود که شراب خورد و فقاع هم نخوردندی که گفتندی مست کننده است و مستحیل شده.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

Nobody had the gall to drink wine, and they did not drink beer either because it was said to be intoxicating and was banned.

hēč kasē rā zahra na-būd ki šarāb xwarad u fuqqā' ham na-xwardandē ki guftandē mast kunanda ast u mustahil šuda.


دانشنامه

head

دانِشْنامِه • (dânešnâme) (plural دانشنامهها (dânešnâme-hâ))

دانِشْنامِه (canonical)
dânešnâme (romanization)
دانشنامهها (plural)

From دانِش (dâneš, “knowledge”) + نامِه (nâme, “book [of]”).


شاهنامه

head

شاهنامه • (šâhnâme)

fa-proper noun

شاهنامه • (šâhnâme)

→ Gujarati: શાહનામું (śāhnāmũ)

→ Urdu: شاہ نامہ (śāh-nāma)

[ʃɑːɦ.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɑːɦ.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɑː.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɔː.nɔː.mǽ]

[ʃɒːɦ.nɒː.mé]

From Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”) + نامه (nāma, “book of”), literally “book of kings”.

af

Shahnameh (an epic poem written by Ferdowsi around 1000 CE, telling the mythical and historical past of ancient Persia from the beginning of the world until the Muslim invasion)


حکم

head

حکم • (hokm) (plural حکمها (hokm-ha) or احکام (ahkâm))

hokm (romanization)
حکمها (plural)
احکام (plural)

حکم اعدام


مومیا

mumiyâ (romanization)
mômiyâ (romanization)

Tajik: мӯмиё (mümiyo), мумиё (mumiyo)

→ Russian: мумиё (mumijó)

→ English: mumijo

desctree

→ Arabic: مُومِيَاء (mūmiyāʔ), مُومِيَة (mūmiya)
Egyptian Arabic: موميا (mumya)
Moroccan Arabic: موميا (mūmya)
→ Aragonese: momia
→ Asturian: momia
→ Galician: momia
→ Medieval Latin: mumia
Middle French: momie
Anglo-Norman: mumie
→ English: mummy
→ Irish: mumaí
→ Spanish: momia

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܘܡܝܐ (muwmyā)

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: مومِیَا (momiyā)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: մումիայ (mumiay), մոմիայ (momiay), մոմիեայ (momieay)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مومیا (mumya)

Turkish: mumya

→ Uyghur: مۇمىيا (mumiya)

→ Chinese: 木蜜亞 /木蜜亚 (mùmìyà)

the substance with which mummies are preserved


آبدست

head

آبْدَسْت • (âbdast)

fa-noun

آبْدَسْت • (âbdast)

آبْدَسْت (canonical)
âbdast (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: abdəst

→ Gujarati: આબદસ્ત (ābadast)

→ Malay: abdas

Indonesian: abdas

→ Northern Kurdish: avdest

→ Zazaki: ewdaz

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آبدست (âbdest)
Turkish: abdest, abdes, abdez (dialectal)
→ English: abdest
→ Portuguese: abdeste
→ Spanish: abdesto
→ Albanian: avdes
→ Armenian: ապտես (aptes), ավդա̈սթ (avdästʻ)
→ Ladino: abdest
→ Laz: აბდეზი (abdezi), აბდესი (abdesi) — Batumi, აპტეზი (ap̌ťezi) — Atina, Vizha, აპტესი (ap̌ťesi) — Okordule
→ Macedonian: абдест (abdest)
→ Polish: abdest (learned)
→ Russian: абдест (abdest)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: а̀бдест, а̀бдес, а̀вдест
Latin script: àbdest, àbdes, àvdest

→ Urdu: آبْدَسْت (ābdast)

→ Pashto: اودس (awdas)

From آب (âb, “water”) + دست (dast, “hand”).


استقبال

head

اِستِقبال • (esteqbâl)

fa-noun

اِستِقبال • (esteqbâl)

اِستِقبال (canonical)
esteqbâl (romanization)

→ Bengali: এস্তেকবাল (estekbal)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: इस्तक़बाल (istaqbāl), इस्तिक़बाल (istiqbāl)

Urdu: استقبال (istiqbāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇਸਤਕਬਾਲ (isatkabāl)

Shahmukhi script: استقبال (istiqbāl)

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِقْبَال (istiqbāl).

bor+

اِسْتِقْبَال

(poetry) response poem (poem with same meter and rhyme as another, intended as a reply to it)


موسی

head

موسی • (musâ)

fa-proper noun

موسی • (musâ)

Borrowed from Arabic مُوسَى (mūsā), from Biblical Hebrew.


نبی

From Middle Persian [script needed] (npyk /nibēg/, “writing, scripture, book”). Doublet of نوی (nuwī, niwī) and نپی (nupī, nipī); see نوشتن (neveštan, “to write”) for more.

doublet

در نبی آورد جبریل امین / شرح این زانو زدن را جاثمین

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2548:

Gabriel, the trusted, brought in the Qur'an the description of this kneeling [by the word] játhimín

dar nubī âward Jibrīl-i amīn / šarh-i ēn zânū-zadan râ jâsimīn


وزن

head

وزن • (vazn) (plural وزنها (vazn-hâ) or اوزان (owzân))

vazn (romanization)
وزنها (plural)
اوزان (plural)


ان‌شاءالله

انشاءالله • (enšâ'allâh or enšâllâ)

انشاءالله (canonical)
enšâ'allâh (romanization)
enšâllâ (romanization)

[ʔɪn.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɪn.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɪn.ʃɑː.lɑ́ː]

[ʔin.ʃɔːäl.lɔ́ː]

[ʔen.ʃɒː.ʔæl.lɒ́ːʰ]

[ʔen.ʃɒː.ʔæl.lɒ́ːʰ]

[ʔen.ʃɒː.lɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ (ʔin šāʔa llāhu).

bor+

إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ

انشالله ۱۲۰ ساله بشی.
enšâllâ 120 sâle beši.
Inshallah you'll be 120 years old.

a compliment said at a friend's birthday

inshallah, if God wills, God willing; hopefully, fingers crossed


تاج

→ Baluchi: تاج (táj)

→ Bashkir: таж (taj)

→ Bengali: তাজ (taj)

→ Chechen: таж (taž)

→ Kazakh: тәж (täj)

→ Punjabi: ਤਾਜ (tāj)

→ Turkish: taç

→ Urdu: تاج (tāj) / Hindi: ताज (tāj)

Borrowed from Arabic تَاج (tāj), from Parthian *𐫤𐫀𐫃 (*tʾg /tāg/, “crown”), attested in 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃 (xʾrtʾg /xārtāg/, “crown of thorns”), from Old Iranian *tāga-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).
Related to Persian تخت (taxt, “bed, throne”), and akin to Old Armenian թագ (tʻag), Arabic تاج (tāj), and Aramaic תָּגָא (tāḡā), Iranian borrowings.


قرار

head

قرار • (qarâr) (plural قرارات (qarârât))

→ Bengali: করার (korar)

→ Chagatai: قرار (qarār)

Uyghur: قارار (qarar)

Uzbek: qaror

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़रार (qarār)

Urdu: قَرار (qarār)

→ Punjabi: ਕਰਾਰ (karār)


مناره

مناره • (menâre) (plural منارهها (menâre-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: minarə

→ Bashkir: манара (manara)

→ Bengali: মিনার (minar)

desc

→ Hindi: मीनार (mīnār), मीनारा (mīnārā)

→ Hindi: मीनार (mīnār), मीनारा (mīnārā)

→ Kazakh: мұнара (mūnara)

→ Kyrgyz: мунара (munara)

→ Pashto: مناره (monārá)

→ Tajik: манора (manora)

→ Tatar: манара (manara)

→ Turkmen: minara

→ Urdu: مینار (mīnār), مینارہ (mīnāra)

→ Uyghur: مىنارەت (minaret)

→ Uzbek: minora


سلسله

head

سلسله • (selsele) (plural سلسلهها (selsele-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic سِلْسِلَة (silsila).


آخوند

head

آخوند • (âxund) (plural آخوندها (âxund-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: axund

→ Bengali: আখন্দ (akhondo)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 阿訇 (āhōng)

Dungan: ахун (ahun)

→ English: akhund

→? Kazakh: ақын (aqyn)

[ʔɑː.ˈxuːnð]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɑː.xúːn̪d̪]

[ʔɔː.xún̪d̪̥]

[ʔɒː.xúːn̪d̪̥]

Unclear. It has been suggested that this word is a compound, with the first element possibly being a contraction of آقا (âqâ, “agha”) and the second related to خوانْدَن (xândan, “to read, study”) or a contraction of خداوند (xodâvand, “master, God”), though the Encyclopædia Iranica states that this set of etymologies is "[not] entirely satisfactory".

(sometimes derogatory) An akhund, specifically a cleric of the Usuli Shia school.


جبر

جبر و اختیار


فقیه

jurist and theologian, expert in Islamic jurisprudence.


جمهوری‌خواه

جمهوریخواهان

جمهوریخواه • (jomhuri-xâh) (plural جمهوریخواهان (jomhuri-xâh-ân))

fa-noun

جمهوریخواهان

جمهوریخواه (canonical)
jomhuri-xâh (romanization)
جمهوریخواهان (plural)

From جمهوری (jomhuri, “republic”) + ـخواه (xâh).

af

fa:جمهوری‌خواه


جانماز

head

جانماز • (jânamâz) (plural جانمازها (jânamâz-hâ))

jânamâz (romanization)
جانمازها (plural)

→ Gujarati: જાનમાઝ (jānmājh)

→ Punjabi: jānamāz

Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਨਮਾਜ਼

Shahmukhi script: جانماز

→ Urdu: جانَماز (jānamāz)

From جا (jâ, “place, location”) + نماز (namâz, “prayer”).

af

Alternative form: جاینماز (jây-namâz) (alternative spelling)


اصلاح‌طلبان

head

اصلاحطلبان • (eslâh-talabân)

اصلاحطلبان (canonical)
eslâh-talabân (romanization)

A compound of اصلاح (eslâh) and طلبان (talabân), meaning literally 'seekers of improvement'.

اصلاحطلب اصلاحطلب#Persian


اصول‌گرایان

اصولگرایان • (osul-garâyân)

اصولگرایان (canonical)
osul-garâyân (romanization)

اصولگرا اصولگرا#Persian

fundamentalists, plural form of اصولگرا.


اصلاح‌طلب

اصلاحطلب (canonical)
eslâh-talab (romanization)

A compound of اصلاح (eslâh) and طلب (talab), meaning literally 'seeker of improvement'.


اصول‌گرا

اصولگرا (canonical)
osul-garâ (romanization)

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔʊ.suːl.ɡä.ɾɑː]

From اصول (osul, “principles, fundamentals”) + ـگرا (-garâ, “-ist”).


سود

→ Bengali: সুদ (śud)

→ Hindi: सूद (sūd)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swt'), 𐫘𐫇𐫅 (swd), 𐫘𐫇𐫇𐫅 (swwd /sūd/).

inh

دل عالمی بسوزی چو عذار برفروزی
تو از این چه سود داری که نمیکنی مدارا

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 6”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

When you set your cheeks aflame, you burn the worldly heart;
What profit do you find from this, that you show no kindness?

dil-i âlamî bisôzî čô izâr bar-furôzî
tu az în či sûd dârî ki na-mê-kunî mudârâ

(including economics) profit; gain; benefit; advantage


هارون

head

هارون • (hârun)

fa-proper noun

هارون • (hârun)


دستور زبان

head

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

fa-noun

دَسْتورِ زَبان

دَسْتورِ زَبان • (dastur-e zabân)

دَسْتورِ زَبان (canonical)
dastur-e zabân (romanization)

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zä.bɑ́ːn]

[d̪äs.t̪ʰúː.ɾɪ zʊ.bɑ́ːn]

Fa-دستور زبان.ogg


داماد

head

داماد • (dâmâd) (plural دامادها (dâmâd-hâ))

→ Alviri-Vidari: دماد

→ Bengali: দামাদ (damad)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दामाद (dāmād)

Urdu: داماد (dāmād)

→ Khalaj: dâmâd

→ Ottoman Turkish: داماد (dâmâd)

Turkish: damat

→⇒ Armenian: Տամատյան (Tamatyan)

→? Proto-Circassian: *tħamada

Adyghe: тхьаматэ (tḥamatɛ)

Kabardian: тхьэмадэ (tḥɛmadɛ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Punjabi:dāmād

Gurmukhi script: ਦਾਮਾਦ

Shahmukhi script: داماد (dāmād)

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɑː.mɑːd̪]

[d̪ɔː.mɔːd̪̥]

[d̪ɒː.mɒːd̪̥]

[d̪ɒː.mɒːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dʾmʾt' /dāmād/), from Old Persian *𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎼 (*d-a-m-a-t-r /dāmātar-/), from Proto-Iranian *jā́mātā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”).
Cognate with Northern Kurdish zava, Pashto زوم (zum), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zāmātar), Sanskrit जामातृ (jāmātṛ), Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós).


عرفان

head

عرفان • ('erfân)

fa-noun

عرفان • ('erfân)

gnosis, the attainment of direct spiritual knowledge


زنا

head

زنا • (zenâ)

fa-noun

زنا • (zenâ)

Borrowed from Arabic زِنَاء (zināʔ), from زَنَى (zanā).

etymon

zina, any kind of premarital or extramarital sexual intercourse


بهره

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (bʾhlk' /bahrag/, only attested in a phrase meaning "on account of", "for the profit of"). By surface analysis, بهر (bahr) + ـه (-e).


جنازه

janâze (romanization)
jenâze (romanization)

→ Assamese: জানাজা (zanaza)

→ Bengali: জানাজা (janaja)

→ Gujarati: જનાજો (janājo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जनाज़ा (janāzā)

Urdu: جَنازَہ (janāza)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جنازه (cenaze)
Turkish: cenaze
→ Albanian: xhenaze
→ Crimean Tatar: cenaze
→ Macedonian: џеназа (dženaza)
→ Serbo-Croatian: dženáza / џена́за
→ Ubykh: џанаса (dẑanasa)


مجازات مرگ

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mʊ.d͡ʒɑː.zɑː.t̪ʰɪ mäɾɡ]

[mu.d͡ʒɔː.zɔː.t̪ʰi mäɾɡ̥]

[mo.d͡ʒɒː.zɒː.t̪ʰe mæɹɡʲ̥]


بیمه

→ Assamese: বীমা (bima)

→ Bengali: বীমা (bima)

→ Gujarati: વીમો (vīmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बीमा (bīmā)

Urdu: بِیمَہ (bīmā)

→ Marathi: विमा (vimā)

→ Kannada: ವಿಮೆ (vime)

→ Nepali: बीमा (bīmā)

→ Sindhi: वीमो / وِيمو (vīmo)

→ Pashto: بيمه (bimá)

→ Punjabi: ਬੀਮਾ (bīmā)

→ Telugu: బీమా (bīmā)

Probably first used in the aristocratic Persian of the Mughal empire, from at least the 1650s. The word spread from South Asia to the rest of the Persianate world. The first attestation by an author of Iranian origin is apparently from Tohfat al-'âlam (1801), itself a memoir of the author's journeys in India. The word may be from Persian بیم (bim, “fear”). Alternately, given the Indian origin, it may be from an Indo-Aryan language; compare Sanskrit भीम (bhīma, “fearful, frightening”). Both terms are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”).


ریمل

From French rimmel, ultimately from the name of the inventor of the first mascara product in the 19th century, Eugene Rimmel, and the cosmetics firm founded by him, Rimmel.


سیمرغ

head

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

fa-proper noun

سیمرغ • (simorğ)

Akin to Middle Persian 𐭮𐭩𐭭𐭬𐭥𐭫𐭥: synmwlw (sēn-murw).
According to folk etymology a compound of سی (si, “thirty”) and مرغ (morğ, “bird”). See also The Speech of the Birds.


پیغمبر

head

پیغمبر • (peyğambar) (plural پیغمبران (peyğambarân) or پیغمبرها (peyğambar-hâ))

peyğambar (romanization)
پیغمبران (plural)
پیغمبرها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: peyğəmbər

desc

→ Bashkir: пәйғәмбәр (pəyğəmbər), бәйғәмбәр (bəyğəmbər)

→ Bengali: পয়গম্বর (poẏogombor)

→ Gujarati: પેગંબર (pegambar), પયગંબર (payagambar), પૈગંબર (paigambar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पैग़म्बर (paiġambar)

Urdu: پیغمبر (paigambar)

→ Kazakh: пайғамбар (paiğambar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیغامبر (peygamber), پیغمبر (peygamber)
Turkish: peygamber
→ Albanian: pejgamber
→ Adyghe: бегъымбар (beğəmbar)
→ Kabardian: бегъымбар (beğəmbar)
→ Serbo-Croatian: pejgamber

→ Uyghur: پەيغەمبەر (peyghember)

→ Uzbek: paygʻambar

desc

→ Old Punjabi: ਪਿਕਾਂਬਰ (pikāmbara), ਪਿਕੰਬਰ (pikambara)

From earlier پیغامبر (payğāmbar), from Middle Persian pgtʾmbl (payğāmbar, “messenger, apostle”).

inh

پیامبر پیامبر#Persian

(formal or dated) Alternative form of پیامبر (payâmbar, “prophet”)


سیامک

Cognate with Sanskrit श्यामक (śyāmaka, “dark-coloured, dark”).


بربط

head

بربط • (barbat) (plural بربطها (barbat-hâ))

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (blbwt' /barbut/, “lyre”), from Ancient Greek βάρβιτος (bárbitos).

inh+

از درس و بحث و مدرسه شد خاطرم ملول
مطرب بیار بربط و چنگ و رباب را

c. 1911, Mohammad Hossein Âğuli Torki-ye Shirâzi, دیوان ترکی شیرازی:

I am fed up with classes and discussions and schools;
Singer, bring the barbat and the harp and the rubab.

az dars o bahs o madrese šod xâter-am malul
motrab biyâr barbat o čang o robâb râ


اسلام‌گرا

head

اِسلامگَرایان

اِسلامگَراها

اِسلامگَرا • (eslâm-garâ) (plural اِسلامگَرایان or اِسلامگَراها)

fa-noun

اِسلامگَرایان

اِسلامگَراها

اِسلامگَرا (canonical)
eslâm-garâ (romanization)
اِسلامگَرایان (plural)
اِسلامگَراها (plural)

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔɪs.lɑːm.ɡä.ɾɑː]

[ʔes.lɒːm.ɡʲæ.ɹɒː]

af

اِسلام (eslâm) + ـگَرا (-garâ)


اسلام‌گرایی

head

اسلامگرایی • (eslâm-garâyi)

اسلامگرایی (canonical)
eslâm-garâyi (romanization)

fa:اسلام‌گرایی


آسمان‌خراش

آسمانخراش • (âsmân-xarâš) (plural آسمانخراشها)

آسمانخراش (canonical)
âsmân-xarâš (romanization)
آسمانخراشها (plural)

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɑːs.mɑːn.xä.ɾɑːʃ]

[ʔɔːs.mɔːn.xä.ɾɔːʃ]

[ʔɒːs.mɒːn.xæ.ɹɒːʃ]

[ʔɔs.mɔn.χä.ɾɔʃ]

From آسمان (âsmân, “sky”) + خراش (xarâš).

af

آسمان (âsmân, “sky”) + خراش (xarâš)


ارتفاع

head

ارتفاع • (ertefâ') (plural ارتفاعات (ertefâ'ât))

ertefâ' (romanization)
ارتفاعات (plural)

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ːʔ]

[ʔɪɾ.t̪ʰɪ.fɑ́ː]

[ʔeɹ.t̪ʰe.fɒ́ːʔ]

Borrowed from Arabic اِرْتِفَاع (irtifāʕ).


جمع

Borrowed from Arabic جَمْع (jamʕ), from جَمَعَ (jamaʕa).


ترانه

head

ترانه • (tarâne) (plural ترانهها (tarâne-hâ))

→ Bengali: তরানা (torana)

→ Gujarati: તરાનો (tarāno)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तराना (tarānā)

Urdu: ترانہ (tarāna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ترانه (terane)

Turkish: terane

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹɒː.né]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔ.nǽ]

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”), as songs pass through air. Compare Northern Kurdish terrane (“joke, fun”), following a different route of sense development.


ترانه

head

ترانه • (tarâne)

fa-proper noun

ترانه • (tarâne)

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.nǽ]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹɒː.né]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔ.nǽ]


تئاتر

head

تِئاتَر or تِئاتْر • (te'âtar or te'âtr) (plural تئاترها (te'âtar-hâ))

تِئاتَر (canonical)
تِئاتْر (canonical)
te'âtar (romanization)
te'âtr (romanization)
تئاترها (plural)

[t̪ʰe.ʔɒː.t̪ʰæɹ]

[t̪ʰe.ʔɒːt̪ɹ]


جریمه

جریمه • (jarime) (plural جریمهها (jarime-hâ) or جرائم (jarâ'em))

jarime (romanization)
جریمهها (plural)
جرائم (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic جَرِيمَة (jarīma, “crime”).

bor+

جریمۀ سنگینی


آتش‌بس

head

آتشبس • (âtaš-bas) (plural آتشبسها (âtaš-bas-hâ))

آتشبس (canonical)
âtaš-bas (romanization)
آتشبسها (plural)

[ʔɑː.t̪ʰäʃ.bäs]

[ʔɒː.t̪ʰæʃ.bæs]

[ʔɔ.t̪ʰäʃ.bäs]

[ʔɒːtʰæʃˈbæs]

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + بس (bas, “enough; stop”), probably a calque of French cessez-le-feu or some other European language.


صلیب

Borrowed from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb). Doublet of چلیپا (čalipâ).


ارتش

head

اَرْتِش • (arteš)

fa-noun

اَرْتِش • (arteš)

اَرْتِش (canonical)
arteš (romanization)

→ Northern Kurdish: artêş

→ Azerbaijani: ərteş

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

[ʔäɾ.t̪ʰɪ́ʃ]

A false back-formation introduced during the Reza Shah regime's Persianization program, from ارتشدار (artešdâr, “soldier”). Erroneously analyzed as a compound word made from two parts with the latter component as ـدار (-dâr, “haver”), the solecism was nonetheless officially approved.
Displaced Turkic قشون (qošun) and اردو (ordu) in Iranian Persian.


نژادپرستی

fa:نژادپرستی


یهودستیزی

head

یهودستیزی • (yahūd-sitēzī /yahud-setizi)

yahūd-sitēzī (romanization)
yahud-setizi (romanization)


کمانچه

کمانچه • (kamânče) (plural کمانچهها (kamânče-hâ))

kamânče (romanization)
کمانچهها (plural)

→ Arabic: كَمَنْجَة (kamanja)

→ Armenian: քամանչա (kʻamančʻa)

→ Azerbaijani: kamança

→ Georgian: ქამანჩა (kamanča)

→ Gujarati: કમાનચા (kamāncā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمانچه (kemençe)

Turkish: kemençe

→ Macedonian: кемане (kemane)

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɑːn.t͡ʃʰä]

[kʰä.mɔːn.t͡ʃʰä]

From کمان (kamân, “arc”) + ـچه (-če, diminutive suffix).


صفحه‌کلید

صفحهکلید (canonical)
safhe-kelid (romanization)


شاگرد

head

شاگِرْد • (šâgerd) (plural شاگردان (šâgerdân) or شاگردها (šâgerd-hâ))

شاگِرْد (canonical)
šâgerd (romanization)
شاگردان (plural)
شاگردها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: şagird

→ Bashkir: шәкерт (şəkert)

→ Bengali: শাগরেদ (śagred)

→ Georgian: შეგირდი (šegirdi)

→ Gujarati: શાગિર્દ (śāgird)

→ Hindi: शागिर्द (śāgird)

→ Urdu: شاگِرْد (śāgird)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: şagirt, şagird

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شاكرد (şâkird)
Turkish: şakirt
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: шѐгрт
Latin script: šègrt

[ʃɑː.ˈɡiɾð̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɑː.ɡɪ́ɾd̪̪]

[ʃɔː.ɡíɾd̪̪]

[ʃɒː.ɡʲéɹd̪̪̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšʾklt' /hašāgird/, “disciple, pupil”), from Proto-Iranian *hašā-kr̥táh-. The first component is from Proto-Iranian *hu-šāk-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu- (“good”) + Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”), while the latter component is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”). Akin to Old Armenian աշակերտ (ašakert), Aghwan 𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐕜 (ašarḳeṭ), Iranian borrowings.

der

pupil, student, scholar (one who seeks knowledge from others, also used for martial arts students or members of any sports club)


صهیونیسم

صهیون (sahyun) + ـیسم (-ism). Calque of German Zionismus.


جماعت

جَماعَت (canonical)
jamâ'at (romanization)
جماعات (plural)

Tajik: ҷамоат (jamoat)

→ Azerbaijani: camaat

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जमात (jamāt)

Urdu: جَماعَت (jamā'at)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جماعت (cemaʼat)
Turkish: cemaat
→ Albanian: xhemat
→ Georgian: ჯამაათი (ǯamaati)
→ Bats: ჯამაათ (ǯamaat)
→ Serbo-Croatian: džèmāt /џѐма̄т

[d͡ʒä.mɑː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɑː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɑːǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɔːǽt̪]

[d͡ʒæ.mɒː.ʔǽt̪]

[d͡ʒä.mɔ.ʔǽt̪]


هجرت

→ Bengali: হিজরত (hijrot)

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[hɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔɪd͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔid͡ʒ.ɾǽt̪]


قاپو

head

قاپو • (qâpu)

fa-noun

قاپو • (qâpu)


خان

head

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خوانین (xavânin))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خوانین (plural)

→ Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

Urdu: خان (xān)

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s. See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹ /qaɣan/) for more.

بیگلربیگی بیگلربیگی#Persian

سلطان سلطان#Persian

(historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:

A Safavid provincial governor ranking between بیگلربیگی (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and سلطان (soltân, “deputy governor”).

In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.

khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:
The Ottoman emperor.

چنگیز خان


خان

خان • (xân) (plural خانها (xân-hâ) or خانات (xânât))

xân (romanization)
خانها (plural)
خانات (plural)

→ Arabic: خَان (ḵān)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خان (han)
Turkish: han
→ Albanian: han
→ Aromanian: háne
→ Bulgarian: хан (han)
→ Greek: χάνι (cháni)
→ Hungarian: hán
→ Romanian: han
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ха̑н
Latin script: hȃn

fa:کاروانسرا

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /xān/, “house”). See خانه (xâne) for more.

inh

rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)


دول

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dōl, “bucket; Aquarius”) of Semitic origin, compare Arabic دلو (dalw), Classical Syriac ܕܰܘܠܳܐ (dawlā), Akkadian 𒁕𒇻 (/dalū, dūlu/, “bucket”). Akin to Old Armenian դոյլ (doyl).


خاطب

head

خاطب • (xâteb)

fa-noun

خاطب • (xâteb)

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɑː.t̪ʰɪ́b]

[xɔː.t̪ʰíb̥]

[xɒː.t̪ʰéb̥]


تندپز

head

تندپز • (tondpaz) (plural تندپزها (tondpaz-hâ))


فرعون

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعونها (fer'own-hâ))

fer'own (romanization)
فراعنه (plural)
فرعونها (plural)

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).


گنگ

Perhaps developed from the sense “to mock, hum”. Usually connected to Sanskrit गुञ्जति (guñjati, “buzz, hum”).


گنگ

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: [Term?] (“conduit”)

Azerbaijani: küng

→ Armenian: քունգ (kʻung)

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كنك (künk)
Turkish: künk
→ Albanian: qynke, çungu
→ Armenian: քիւնկ (kʻiwnk)
→ Aromanian: ciunge, ciungu
→ Bulgarian: кюнк (kjunk), кю́нец (kjúnec)
→ Greek: κιούγκι (kioúgki)
→ Macedonian: ќунк (ḱunk)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ћу̏нак, чу̏нак
Latin script: ćȕnak, čȕnak

desc

→ Turkmen: güň (mute and deaf at the same time)

(obsolete) crooked, hurled, of a bent back


گنگ

گنگ دژ
گنگ دژ#Persian

گنگ دز
گنگ دز#Persian

گنگ بهشت
گنگ بهشت#Persian

(historical) the name of a certain mythological city fully گنگ دژ, گنگ دز, or گنگ بهشت


مشتق

[moʃ.t̪ʰǽɢ̥]


ماشاءالله

head

ماشاءالله • (mâšâ'allâh)

[mɑː.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[mɑː.ʃɑː.ʔäl.lɑ́ːʱ]

[mɑː.ʃɑːl.lɑ́ː]

[mɔː.ʃɔːl.lɔ́ː]

[mɒː.ʃɒː.ʔæl.lɒ́ːʰ]

[mɔ.ʃɔ.ʔäl.lɔ́ʱ]

Borrowed from Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ (mā šāʔa llāhu).

bor+

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ


ادب

head

ادب • (adab) (plural آداب (âdâb) or ادبها (adab-hâ))

adab (romanization)
آداب (plural)
ادبها (plural)

Reborrowed from Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab), from Persian دب (dab); ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub).


خاج

Borrowed from Middle Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “cross”), from Old Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “crucifix; cross”).


نای

From Middle Persian nʾd (nāy, “reed, cane; tube, pipe, flute, clarion”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nada (compare Sanskrit नड (naḍá)), from Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”); See Old Armenian նետ (net, “arrow”) for more.


خشت

خِشْت (canonical)
xešt (romanization)
خشتها (plural)

→ Central Kurdish: خشت (xişt)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: خىش (xish)

Uzbek: gʻisht

→ Gujarati: ખિશ્ત (khiśt)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़िश्त (xiśt)

Urdu: خِشْت (xiśt)

→ Kazakh: қыш (qyş)

→ Khalaj: xişt

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšt' /xišt/, “brick”), from Old Persian 𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎡 (i-š-t-i /išti-/, “sun-dried brick”), possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (išti), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zəmōištuua, “clay brick”), Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā, “brick”), Tocharian B iścem (“clay”), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), and possibly Parthian 𐫍𐫏𐫢𐫎𐫏𐫃 (hyšṯyg, “brick”).

inh

باری از خاک درش سازید خشت مرقدم
آستانش گر نشد در زندگی بالین من

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 241:

Anyhow, build my tomb's bricks from the earth at her gate
If her threshold has not become my pillow in life.

bārē az xāk-i daraš sāzēd xišt-i marqadam
āstānaš gar na-šud dar zindagī bālīn-i man


خشت

desctree

→ Old Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)
Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)

→ Georgian: ხიშტი (xišṭi)

(archaic) javelin, dart, spear, halberd, poleaxe


چادر شب

head

چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

fa-noun

چادر شب • (čâdar-e šab)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: چادر شب (çâdır-ı şeb)

desctree

⇒ Ottoman Turkish: چارشف (çârşaf), چارشاف (çârşaf)
Turkish: çarşaf
→ Albanian: çarçaf, çarshaf
→ Arabic: شَرْشَف (šaršaf)
→ Armenian: չարշաֆ (čʻaršaf), չարշավ (čʻaršav), չարսաֆ (čʻarsaf), չարսավ (čʻarsav), չարսափ (čʻarsapʻ), շարշափ (šaršapʻ)
→ Aromanian: circeafe, cirshafe
→ Bashkir: шаршау (şarşaw)
→ Bulgarian: чарша́ф (čaršáf)
→ Greek: τσαρτσάφι (tsartsáfi)
→ Northern Kurdish: çarşef, çarşev
→ Macedonian: чаршаф (čaršaf)
→ Romanian: cearșaf, cearceaf
→ Serbo-Croatian: čàršaf / ча̀ршаф

[t͡ʃɑː.ða.ɾi ʃaβ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.d̪ä.ɾɪ ʃäb]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɒː.d̪æ.ɹe ʃæb̥]

[t͡ʃʰɔ.d̪ä.ɾi ʃäb]

From چادر (čâdor, čâdar, “covering”) + شب (šab, “night”).


قهوه‌خانه

head

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه • (qahve-xâne) (plural قهوهخانهها (qahve-xâne-hâ))

fa-noun

قَهْوِهخانِه

قَهْوِهخانِه (canonical)
qahve-xâne (romanization)
قهوهخانهها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કાવાખાનું (kāvākhānũ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوهخانه (kahvehane)
→ Romanian: cafenea
Turkish: kahvehane

→ Uyghur: قەھۋەخانا (qehwexana)

→ Uzbek: qahvaxona

From قَهْوِه (qahve, “coffee”) + خانِه (xâne, “house”).


چایخانه

head

چایْخانِه • (čâyxâne) (plural چایخانهها (čâyxâne-hâ))

چایْخانِه (canonical)
čâyxâne (romanization)
چایخانهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: çayxana

→ Bashkir: сәйхана (səyxana)

→ Belarusian: чайхана (čajxana)

→ Gujarati: ચાખાનું (cākhānũ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चायख़ाना (cāyxānā)

Urdu: چائے خانَہ (cāe xāna)

→ Georgian: ჩაიხანა (čaixana)

→ Kazakh: шайхана (şaixana)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: چایخانە (çayxane)

→ Kyrgyz: чайкана (caykana)

→ Russian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Tatar: чәйханә (çäyxanä)

→ Turkish: çayhane

→ Turkmen: çaýhana

→ Ukrainian: чайхана́ (čajxaná)

→ Uyghur: چايخانا (chayxana)

→ Uzbek: choyxona

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːj.xɑː.nǽ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːj.xɒː.né]

[t͡ʃʰɔj.χɔ.nǽ]

From چای (čây, “tea”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).


کرس

From Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (kīru), from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “oven, kiln”).


کنسرت

کُنْسِرْت • (konsert) (plural کنسرتها (konsert-hâ))

کُنْسِرْت (canonical)
konsert (romanization)
کنسرتها (plural)


آخیز

آخیز • (âxiz)

fa-noun

آخیز • (âxiz)

From dialectal Armenian *աղիս (*aġis), from Old Armenian աղիւս (ałiws, “brick”). The borrowing reflects the late pronunciation of ղ (ł).


دروند

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (druwand /dlwnd/, “sinful, unrighteous [one]”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (druuaṇt), 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt), from Proto-Iranian *dráwgah-wánts (“follower of the Lie”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan).


دروند

→ Gujarati: દુરવંદ (durvand)

(Zoroastrianism, archaic) infidel, non-Zoroastrian; (usually) Muslim


پوهنتون

head

پوهنتون • (pōhantūn)

fa-noun

پوهنتون • (pōhantūn)

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

[pʰoː.ɦän̪.t̪ʰúːn]

Borrowed from Pashto پوهنتون (pohantún).

پوهنتون کابل (Dari)


تیغ

→ Azerbaijani: tiğ

→ Bengali: তেগ (teg)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیغ (tiğ)
Turkish: tığ

→ Khalaj: tîğ

→ Punjabi: ਤੇਗ਼ (teġ) / تیغ (teġ)

Possibly from Parthian tēγ (tyg), 'blade'='sword' or 'lance'.
Or Middle Persian tēx (tyh), 'sharp edge, ridge; ray'.
Akin to Old Armenian տէգ (tēg), an Iranian borrowing.


ادبیات

Kazakh: әдебиет (adebiyet)

Borrowed from Arabic أَدَبِيَّات (ʔadabiyyāt). By surface analysis, ادب (adab) + ـیات (-iyyât).


زبان‌شناسی محاسباتی

head

زبانشناسی محاسباتی • (zabân-šenâsi mohâsebâti)

زبانشناسی محاسباتی (canonical)
zabân-šenâsi mohâsebâti (romanization)

computational linguistics
computational linguistics


مفعول

(sex, law) bottom, the receptive partner in a male homosexual intercourse


دستور

دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))

دَسْتور (canonical)
dastur (romanization)
دستورها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (düstur)
Turkish: düstur
→ Swahili: desturi

→ Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)

→ English: dastur

→ Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दस्तूर (dastūr)

Urdu: دَسْتُور (dastūr)

→ Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)

Northern Kurdish: destûr

→ Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)

→ Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)

→ Uyghur: دەستۇر (destur)

Multiple origins have been proposed:
* From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
* From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
* Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).


گوشه

guše (romanization)
گوشهها (plural)
گوشه (singular)
گوشهها، گوشها (guše-hấ, gušeấ^△) (colloquial plural)
گوشه را، گوشه رو (gušé râ, gušá ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
گوشهٔ (ezafe singular)
گوشهای (definite relative singular)
گوشهای (indefinite singular stressed)
گوشهام، گوشم (gušé-am, gušám^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
گوشهات، گوشت (gušé-at, gušát^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
گوشهاش، گوشش (gušé-aš, gušáš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gwšk' /gōšag/, “corner”), which appears to be a suffixed formation from the word found now as گوش (guš, “ear”), in the sense of a lappet or protruding end of something.
Another theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve; hand”); see also Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “ring, circle”).

cog

fa:گوشه (موسیقی)


زمان

head

زمان • (zamân) (plural زمانها (zamân-hâ) or ازمنه (azmâne))

zamân (romanization)
زمانها (plural)
ازمنه (plural)

→ Armenian: զաման (zaman)

→ Azerbaijani: zaman

→ Bashkir: заман (zaman)

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)

→ Kazakh: заман (zaman)

→ Kermanic:

Qohrudi: zamān

→ Khalaj: zamân

→ Central Kurdish: زهمان (zeman)

→ Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)

→ Malay: زمان / zaman

Indonesian: zaman, jaman

→ Ossetian: за́ман (záman)

→ Pashto: زمانه (zamâna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)

→ Turkish: zaman

→ Greek: ζαμάνι (zamáni)

→ Albanian: zaman

→ Serbo-Croatian: заман

→ Tatar: заман (zaman)

→ Waigali: zëmën

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (ẕmʾn' /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩 (zmn' /zamān/), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /zamān/), from Old Persian *jamānā; see there for more.

زمان گذشته ― zamân-e gozašte ― past tense

time, epoch, period, age, season (a broad time period; not the precise time on a clock)


خاژغان

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

fa-noun

خاژغان • (xâžğân)

[xɑːʒ.ˈɣɑːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɑːʒ.ɣɑ́ːn]

[xɔːʒ.ɣɔ́ːn]

[xɒːʒ.ɢɒ́ːn]


گرز

→ Armenian: գուրզ (gurz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گرز

→ Turkish: gürz

→ Hindustani:

→ Hindi: गुर्ज़ (gurz)

→ Urdu: گرز (gurz)

→ Chagatai: گرز

→ Kazakh: гүрзі (gürzı), күрзі (kürzı)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wlz /warz/, “mace”), from earlier [script needed] (wzl /wazr/), from Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), from Proto-Iranian *wájrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras. Cognate with Sanskrit वज्र (vájra, “thunderbolt; especially that of Indra”), Erzya: узере (uzere, “axe”) and Northern Sami: veahčir (“hammer”), as well as akin to Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”).


گرزه

→ Azerbaijani: gürzə

→ Armenian: գյուրզա (gyurza)

→ Russian: гюрза́ (gjurzá) (via Turkic)

From گرز (gorz, “mace”) + ـه (-e), because of the snake's large head. Compare Classical Syriac ܓܪܣܐ (gārsā), an Iranian borrowing.


دوزخ

→ Azerbaijani: duzəx

→ Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)

→ Bengali: দোজখ (dōjokh)

→ Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)

→ Hindustani:

→ Old Hindi: दोजग (dojaga)

→ Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)

→ Urdu: دوزَخ (dozax)

→ Ushojo: دوزخ

→ Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)

→ Kurdish:

→ Central Kurdish: دۆزەخ (dozex)

→ Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)

→ Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)

→ Pashto: دوزَخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓax)

→ Old Punjabi: ਦੋਜਕੁ (dojaku)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਦੋਜ਼ਖ਼ (dozax), دوزَخ (dozax)

→ Turkmen: dowzah

→ Uzbek: doʻzax

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Proto-Iranian *duš-
Proto-Iranian *Háhuš
Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš
Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dʿšḥʿy)
Persian دوزخ
Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) + *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).
Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /dušox/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /dōžax/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish dojeh, Central Kurdish دۆژە (doje), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).
Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.


ذوالفقار

zūlfaqār (romanization)
zūlfiqar (romanization)

→ Bengali: যুলফিকার (julphikar)

Borrowed from Arabic ذُو الْفَقَار (ḏū l-faqār).

bor+

ذُو الْفَقَار


پور

Borrowed from Bactrian πορο (poro), πουρο (pouro, “son”), from Proto-Iranian *puθráh. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (puric, “lady”), also a Bactrian borrowing. Akin to Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra), Parthian 𐭁𐭓𐭉 (BRY /puhr/). Previously considered a Parthian borrowing.

Francolinus francolinus
Francolinus francolinus#Translingual

(Sistani) (black) francolin, Francolinus francolinus


مقام

head

مقام • (maqâm or muqâm) (plural مقامها (maqâm-hâ))

maqâm (romanization)
muqâm (romanization)
مقامها (plural)

→ Assamese: মোকাম (mükam)

desctree

→ Middle Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)
Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)

→ Gujarati: મુકામ (mukām)

→ Old Hindi: मुकांम (mukā̃ma)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मुक़ाम (muqām), मक़ाम (maqām)
Urdu: مقَام

→ Maithili: mokām

Devanagari script: मोकाम

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒽𑒏𑒰𑒧

→ Marathi: मुक्काम (mukkām)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: मुकांन (mukā̃n), मुकांम (mukā̃m)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅧 (muknn), 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅬 (muknm)

→ Odia: ମୁକାମ (mukāma)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مقام (makam)

→ Turkish: makam

→ Old Punjabi: ਮੁਕਾਮੁ (mukāmu)
Punjabi: muqām
Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਕ਼ਾਮ
Shahmukhi script: مُقام

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: مُقامُ

Devanagari script: मुक़ामु

Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋣𑊺𑋩𑋠𑋗𑋣 (muqāmu)

→ Telugu: మకాము (makāmu)

→ Uyghur: مۇقام (muqam)

→ Chinese: 木卡姆 (mùkǎmǔ)


خوان

head

خوان • (xân)

fa-noun

خوان • (xân)

→ Middle Armenian: խօն (xōn)

Armenian: խոն (xon)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hw’n' /xwān/, “tray, table”). Compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (xᵛaⁱni, “cover, carpet”) and Old Armenian խան (xan), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

table or large tray particularly such one as is fit for dining


دایه

head

دایه • (dâye)

fa-noun

دایه • (dâye)

desctree

→ Arabic: دَايَة (dāya)
Andalusian Arabic: داية (dāya)
Gulf Arabic: داية (dāya)

Inherited from Middle Persian dʾyk (dāyak, “nurse”). Akin to Northern Kurdish dayik, dê, Central Kurdish دایک (dayk), Southern Kurdish داڵگ (dallg) and Old Armenian դայեակ (dayeak), an Iranian borrowing.


محاسبه

head

محاسبه • (mohâsebe) (plural محاسبات (mohâsebât))

mohâsebe (romanization)
محاسبات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَاسَبَة (muḥāsaba).

bor+

این تحقیق به جای محاسبه وزن به نسبت با قد به بررسی درصد چربی بدن پرداخته است.

2024 May 30, “نتیجه یک تحقیق: میلیونها میانسال چاق هستند بدون آنکه خود بدانند”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian, archived from the original on 2024-05-31:

Instead of calculating weight relative to height, this study has conducted investigations of body fat percentage.

in tahqiq be jâ-ye mohâsebe-ye vazn be nesbat bâ qad be barrasi-ye darsad-e čarbi-ye badan pardâxte ast.


گنبد

head

گنبد • (gombad) (plural گنبدها (gombad-hâ))

desc

→ Arabic: جُنْبَد (jumbad), جُنْبَذ (jumbaḏ), جُنْبُذ m (jumbuḏ)

→ Assamese: গম্বুজ (gombuz), গুম্বজ (gumboz)

→ Azerbaijani: günbəz / گنبذ

→ Bashkir: көмбәҙ (kömbəź)

→ Bengali: গম্বুজ (gombuj), গুম্বজ (gumboj)

→ Gojri: گُمَٹ (gumaṭ)

→ Gujarati: ગુંબજ (gumbaj), ઘુંમટ (ghummaṭ), ઘૂમટ (ghūmaṭ)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुंबज़ (gumbaz)

Urdu: گُنْبَد (gumbad), گُنْبَذ (gumbaz)

→ Kannada: ಗುಮ್ಮಟ (gummaṭa)

→ Kazakh: күмбез (kümbez)

→ Konkani: ghumaṭ

Devanagari script: घुमट

Kannada script: ಘುಮಟ್

Latin script: ghumott

→ Kyrgyz: күмбөз (kümböz)

→ Malvi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)

→ Mandarin: 拱北 (Gǒngběi)

→ Marathi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: गुंबज (gumbaj), घुमट (ghumaṭ)

Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅒𑅧𑅪𑅛 (gunbj), 𑅘𑅒𑅬𑅞 (ghumṭ)

→ Nepali: गुमज (gumaj)

→ Nogai: куьмбез (kümbez)

→ Odia: ଗୁମୁଟ (gumuṭa)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنبد (kümbed)
Turkish: kümbet
→ Armenian: քիւմպէթ (kʻiwmpētʻ)
→ Macedonian: ќумбе (ḱumbe)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੁੰਬਦ (gumbad)

Shahmukhi script: گُنبَد (gunbad)

desc

→ Saraiki: گُمُّذ (gummuẕ), گُمّبذ (gummbẕ)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: گُنبَذُ

Devanagari script: गुंबजु

Khudabadi script: 𑊼𑋣𑋟𑋔𑋂𑋩𑋣 (gumbazu)

→ Tamil: கும்மட்டம் (kummaṭṭam)

→ Telugu: గుమ్మటము (gummaṭamu)

→ Turkmen: gümmez

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: گۇمبەز (gumbez)

Uzbek: gumbaz

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gwmbt' /gumbad/, “dome, fire-temple”), from Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܬܐ (qubbəṯā). Doublet of قبه (qobbe, “dome”), also from Syriac but through Arabic. Compare Old Armenian գմբեթ (gmbetʻ) and Georgian გუმბათი (gumbati), Iranian borrowings.

inh+

معلوم نیست ک اولین گنبد چه زمانی ساخته شد.

It is not known when the first dome was built.

ma'lum nist ke avvalin gombad če zamâni sâxte šod.

و میان ری و آمل کوه دماوند است مانند گنبدی و آن را لواسان گویند، و گویند بر سر آن چاهیست که نوشادر از آن حاصل میشود و گویند که کبریت نیز، و مردم پوست گاو ببرند و پر نوشادر کنند و از سر کوه بغلتانند که به راه نتوان فرود آوردن.

And between the road from Ray to Āmul, there is Mount Damāvand like a dome; it is called Lavāsān. It is said that from its summit, there is a well which produces sal ammoniac, and they say also sulfur. People bring cowskin, fill it with sal ammoniac, and roll it down from the summit of the mountain, since it is impossible to bring it down by road.

wa miyān-i ray u āmul kōh-i damāwand ast mānand-i gumbadē u ān rā lawāsān gūyand, u gūyand bar sar-i ān čāhē-st ki nōšādur az ān hāsil mē-šawad u gūyand ki kibrīt nēz, u mardum pōst-i gāw bibarand u purr-i nōšādur kunand u az sar-i kōh biğaltānand ki ba rāh na-tawān furōd āwardan.


دایره

head

دایره • (dâyere) (plural دوائر (davâ'er))

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

[d̪ɑː.jɪ.ɾǽ]

Etymology tree
Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira)bor.
Persian دایره
Borrowed from Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira).


بید

Borrowed from Urdu بید (bed) / Hindi बेद (bed), from Sanskrit वेद (veda).

چهار بید که به زعم ایشان نامهٔ سماوی است به لغت سنسکریت است که در هیچ شهری بدان زبان تکلم نکنند سوای کتب این طایفه یافته نشود.

c. 1655, دبستان مذاهب [Dabistān-i Mazāhib]:

The four Vedas, which they claim to be celestial texts, are in the Sanskrit language, which is a language not spoken in any city and is not to be found except in the books of this sect.

čahâr bêd ki ba za'm-i êšân nâma-yi samâwî ast ba luğat-i sanskrît ast ki dar hêč šahrî bad-ân zabân takallum na-kunand siwây kutub-i în tâyifa yâfta na-šawad.

(Indo-Persian, obsolete) Veda (Hindu scripture)


فعل متعدی

head

فعل متعدی • (fe'l-e mote'addi, fe'l-e mota'addi)

fe'l-e mote'addi (romanization)
fe'l-e mota'addi (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ (fiʕl mutaʕaddin).

bor+

فِعْل مُتَعَدٍّ


نردبان

head

نَرْدِبان • (nardebân)

fa-noun

نَرْدِبان • (nardebân)

نَرْدِبان (canonical)
nardebân (romanization)

→ Armenian: նարդիվան (nardivan)

→ Azerbaijani: nərdivan

→ Crimean Tatar: nerduban

→ Ottoman Turkish: نردبان

Ottoman Turkish: مردیوهن

Turkish: merdiven

Crimean Tatar: merdiven

Turkmen: merdiwan

From نرد (“tree trunk”) + بان, a variant of بام (“roof”).


قهرمان

head

قهرمان • (qahramân) (plural قهرمانان (qahramânân) or قهرمانها (qahramân-hâ))

qahramân (romanization)
قهرمانان (plural)
قهرمانها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhrəman

→ Chagatai: قهرمان

Uyghur: قەھرىمان (qehriman)

Uzbek: qahramon

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़हरमान (qaharmān)

Urdu: قہرمان (qahrmān)

→ Georgian: ყარამანი (q̇aramani)

→ Kazakh: қаһарман (qaharman)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهرمان

Turkish: kahraman

→ Turkmen: gahryman

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qäɦ.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɑː.ɾä.mɑ́ːn]

[qɔː.ɾä.mɔ́ːn]

[qæɦ.ɹæ.mɒ́ːn]

From original کهرمان (kahramân), from a dialectal form of Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kʾlplmʾn /kārframān/, “overseer, manager”), from Old Median *karhramāna-. The form with initial q- by association with Arabic قَهْر (qahr, “conquest, subjugation, violence, wrath”).

der

قهرمان فیلم اکشن


جمله

head

جمله • (jomle) (plural جملات (jomalât) or جملهها (jomle-hâ))

jomle (romanization)
جملات (plural)
جملهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जुमला (jumlā)

Urdu: جُمْلَہ (jumlā)

(grammar) sentence (grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate)


نسک

(rare, purist) book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material)


دیوان

دیوان • (divân) (plural دیوانها (divân-hâ))

desctree

→ Arabic: ديوان (dīwān)
Andalusian Arabic: ديوان (dīwān), *دوان (*duwān)
→ Catalan: duana
→ Occitan: doana
→ Portuguese: aduana
→ Spanish: aduana
→ Basque: aduana
→ Hiligaynon: aduana
→ Tagalog: adwana
→ Waray-Waray: adwana
→ Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
→ Albanian: doganë
→ Italian: dogana
→ Old French: dohanne
Middle French: doana
French: douane
→ Algerian Arabic: الدِّيوَانَة (ad_dīwāna)
→ Dutch: douane
Afrikaans: doeane
→ Indonesian: duane
→ Papiamentu: doeana
→ English: douane
Norman: douanne

→ Azerbaijani: divan

→ Bengali: দেওয়ান (deōẇan)

desc

→ Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)

desctree

→ Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
→ English: dewan
→ Telugu: దివాను (divānu), దివాన్ (divān)

→ Malay: dewan
Indonesian: dewan

→ Ottoman Turkish: دیوان (dîvân)
Turkish: divan
→ Azerbaijani: divan
→ Czech: divan
→ French: divan
→ English: divan
→ German: Diwan
→ Portuguese: divã
→ Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (ntiváni)
→ Hungarian: díván
→ Italian: divano, diwan
→ Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
Armenian: դիվան (divan)
→ Polish: dywan
→ Romanian: divan
→ Russian: дива́н (diván)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: дѝва̄н
Latin script: dìvān
→ Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
→ Spanish: diván

→ Urdu: دیوان (dīvān)

→ Zazaki: diwan

From Middle Persian d(p)ywʾn' (dēwān, “archive, collected writings”); see there for further information.


عروسی

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔä.ɾuː.síː]

[ʔæ.ɹuː.síː]

بسی ساز عروسی کرده شهرو
عروسش ویسه و داماد ویرو

c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين [Vīs u Rāmīn]:

Shahru made many preparations for the wedding feast;
Vīsa was the bride for it, and the groom was Vīrū.

basē sāz-i arūsī karda šahrū
arūs-aš wīsa u dāmād wīrū


ندا

حرف ندا
حرف ندا#Persian

(grammar) interjection; Short for حرف ندا (harf-e nedâ).


خندق

head

خندق • (xandaq) (plural خندقها (xandaq-hâ))

→ Azerbaijani: xəndək

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: खन्दक (khandak)

Urdu: خندق (xandaq)

Marathi: खंदक (khandak)

Kannada: ಕಂದಕ (kandaka)

Konkani: खंदक (khandak)

Odia: ଖନ୍ଦକ (khandaka)

Punjabi: ਖੱਡਾ (khaḍḍā)

Telugu: కందకము (kandakamu)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: خندق (hendek)
Turkish: hendek
→ Albanian: hendek
→ Aromanian: hãndac, hãnacup, hãndachi, hindechi, endec, endecu
→ Middle Armenian: խէնտէկ (xēntēk), խէնդէկ (xēndēk)
→ Romanian: hindichi
→ Serbo-Croatian: јѐндек / jendek

[xæn̪.d̪æɢ̥]

Borrowed from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq), from Middle Persian *handag (whence Persian هندک (handak, “moat”)).


راهب

head

راهب • (râheb)

fa-noun

راهب • (râheb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਹਬ (rāhab)

Shahmukhi script: راهب (rāhab)

→ Urdu: راہب (rāhib)


عروس

head

عروس • ('arus) (plural عروسها ('arus-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic عَرُوس (ʕarūs). Displaced Persian بیو (bayu) to a large extent.


اذان

اذان • (azân)

fa-noun

اذان • (azân)

→ Assamese: আজান (azan)

→ Bengali: আযান (ajan), আজান (ajan)

→ Gujarati: અજાન (ajān), અઝાન (ajhān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अज़ान (azān)

Urdu: اذان (azān)

→ Odia: ଅଜାନ୍ (ajān)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਜ਼ਾਨ (azān)

Shahmukhi script: اذان (azān)

desc

→ Sindhi: اَذانَ

→ Sindhi: اَذانَ

Borrowed from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān, “call to prayer”).

bor+

اذان مغرب


نستعلیق

head

نَسْتَعْلیق • (nasta'liq)

fa-proper noun

نَسْتَعْلیق • (nasta'liq)

نَسْتَعْلیق (canonical)
nasta'liq (romanization)

[næs.t̪ʰæʔ.líːɢ̥]

Blend of نَسْخ (nasx) + تَعْلیق (ta'liq), respectively from the Arabic نَسْخ (nasḵ) and تَعْلِيق (taʕlīq), two styles of calligraphy.

blend

(calligraphy) Nastaliq, Nastaleeq (style of calligraphy)


روان‌شناسی

head

روانشناسی • (ravân-šenâsi)

fa-noun

روانشناسی • (ravân-šenâsi)

روانشناسی (canonical)
ravân-šenâsi (romanization)

From روان + ـشناسی.

af

روان + ـشناسی


بارون

head

بارون • (bâron)

fa-noun

بارون • (bâron)


تحریم

head

تحریم • (tahrim) (plural تحریمها (tahrim-hâ))

[t̪ʰäɦ.ɾíːm]

[t̪ʰäɦ.ɾíːm]

[t̪ʰɑː.ɾíːm]

[t̪ʰæɦ.ɹíːm]

Borrowed from Arabic تَحْرِيم (taḥrīm, “forbidding, prohibition”).

bor+

(Islamic law) proclaiming or judging something as haram

(Islamic law) rendering sacred or sacrosanct

(Islamic law) donning the robe of a hajji


عید مبارک

From Arabic عِيد مُبَارَك (ʕīd mubārak).

uder

عِيد مُبَارَك

Arabic عِيد مُبَارَك (ʕīd mubārak)


خال‌کوبی

head

خالکوبی • (xâl-kubi) (plural خالکوبیها (xâl-kubi-hâ))

خالکوبی (canonical)
xâl-kubi (romanization)
خالکوبیها (plural)

From خال (xâl, “mole, birthmark, freckle”) + کوب (kub, present stem of کوبیدن (kubidan, “to pound”)) + ـی (-i).

af

کوب
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">کوبیدن</i> (kubidan, “to pound”)>


اهورامزدا

head

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورامزدا • (ahurâ-mazdâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː.mäz.d̪ɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː.mäz.d̪ɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː.mæz.d̪ɒ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦu.ɾɔ́.mäz.d̪ɔ́]


آوا

âvâ (romanization)
آواها (plural)
آوا (singular)
آواها (plural)
آوا را، آوا رو (âvấ râ, âvấ ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
آوای (ezafe singular)
آواهای (ezafe plural)
آوایی (definite relative singular)
آوایی (indefinite singular stressed)
آواهایی (definite plural relative)
آواهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
آوایم، آوام (âvấyam, âvấm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
آواهایم، آواهام (âvâ-hấyam, âvâ-hấm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
آوایت، آوات (âvấyat, âvất^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
آواهایت، آواهات (âvâ-hấyat, âvâ-hất^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
آوایش، آواش (âvấyaš, âvấš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
آواهایش، آواهاش (âvâ-hấyaš, âvâ-hấš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
آوایمان، آوامون (âvấyemân, âvấmun^△) (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
آوایتان، آواتون (âvấyetân, âvấtun^△) (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
آوایشان، آواشون (âvấyešân, âvấšun^△) (colloquial plural possessive third-person)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾʾwʾg /āwāg/, “voice, speech”).


بی‌خدایی

بیخدایی (canonical)
bi-xodâyi (romanization)

From بیـ (bi-) + خدا (xodâ) + ـیی (-yi).


کاما سوترا

head

کاما سوترا • (kâmâ sutrâ)

fa-proper noun

کاما سوترا • (kâmâ sutrâ)

fa:کاما سوترا


عملیات

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَلِيَّات (ʕamaliyyāt), plural of Arabic عَمَلِيَّة (ʕamaliyya).

bor+

fa:عملیات نظامی


مازندران

head

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

fa-proper noun

مازندران • (mâzandarân)

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɑː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[mɔː.zän̪.d̪ä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[mɒː.zæn̪.d̪æ.ɹɒ́ːn]

Literally, “the gate or the valley of the giants” from مازن (mâzan) + در (dar) + ـان (-ân), from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mazaⁱniia, “giant”). The name has been used in Shahnameh to refer to a land inhabited by divs (daevas) and sorcerers and is difficult to conquer. On the other hand, after Muslim invasion of Persia, the region of Tabaristan remained unconquered for a relatively long period of time, which was later called (and mistaken for) Mazandaran.

lit

(Iranian mythology) Mazandaran (a land mentioned in Shahnameh and Avesta)

Mazandaran (A northern province of Iran)

استان مازندران


پادشاه

head

پادِشاه or پادْشاه • (pâdešâh or pâdšâh) (plural پادِشاهان (pâdešâhân) or پادشاهان (pâdšâhân))

پادِشاه (canonical)
پادْشاه (canonical)
pâdešâh (romanization)
pâdšâh (romanization)
پادِشاهان (plural)
پادشاهان (plural)

desc

→ Adyghe: пачъыхь (paĉəḥ), парчъыхь (parĉəḥ) — Shapsug

→ Arabic: بَادْشَاه (bādšāh), بَادِيشَاه (bādīšāh)

→ Azerbaijani:

Latin script: padşah

Cyrillic script: падшаһ

Arabic script: پادشاه

→ Bashkir: батша (batşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Chuvash: патша (patša)

→ Crimean Tatar: padişa

→ Gujarati: પાદશાહ (pādśāh), બાદશાહ (bādśāh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बादशाह (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

Urdu: بادْشاہ (bādśāh)

→ Italian: padiscià

→ Kabardian: пащтыхь (paśtəḥ)

→ Kazakh: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Kyrgyz: падыша (padışa)

→ Old Gujarati: पातशाह (pātaśāha)

Gujarati: પાતશાહ (pātśāh)

→ Ossetian: паддзах (padʒax)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه (pādišāh)
Turkish: padişah
→ Bulgarian: падиша́х (padišáh)
→ Cappadocian Greek: Πατισάχης (Patisáchis)
→ Czech: pádišáh
→ Hungarian: padisah
→ Macedonian: падишах (padišah)
→ Romanian: padișah
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: па̀дишах
Latin script: pàdišah

→ Mazanderani: پاشا (pâšâ)

→ Pashto: باچا (bāčā)

→ Punjabi: ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ (bādśāh)

→ Russian: падиша́х (padišáx)

→ Southern Altai: батша (batša)

desc

→ Tatar: патша (patşa), падишаһ (padişah)

→ Turkmen: patyşa

→ Uyghur: پادىشاھ (padishah)

→ Uzbek: podshoh

[pɑː.ði.ˈʃɑːh]

[pɑːð.ˈʃɑːh]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[pʰɑː.t͡ʃʰɑː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑ́ː]

[pʰɔː.d̪i.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɔːd̪.ʃɔ́ː]

[pʰɒː.d̪e.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɒːd̪.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

[pʰɔ.d̪i.ʃɔ́ʱ]

[pʰɔd̪.ʃɔ́ʱ]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (šlyta /pādixšā(y)/, “ruler, powerful, authoritative, authorized”).


کیش

→ Urdu: کیش (kēš)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭩𐭱 (kyš /kēš/, “faith; dogma”).


کلام

head

کَلام • (kalâm)

fa-noun

کَلام • (kalâm)

[kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːm]

علم کلام
علم کلام#Persian

(Islam, theology) scholastic theology; Short for علم کلام (elm-e kalâm).


قصیده

head

قَصیده • (qaside) (plural قَصایِد (qasâyed))

قَصیده (canonical)
qaside (romanization)
قَصایِد (plural)

Etymology tree
Arabic قَصِيدَة (qaṣīda)bor.
Persian قَصِیدَه
Borrowed from Arabic قَصِيدَة (qaṣīda).

etymon

ar>قَصِيدَة>poem

قَصِیدَه


محاکمه

head

مُحاکِمه • (mohâkeme) (plural محاکمهها (mohâkeme-hâ) or محاکمات (mohâkemât))

مُحاکِمه (canonical)
mohâkeme (romanization)
محاکمهها (plural)
محاکمات (plural)

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَاكَمَة (muḥākama).


پادشاهی

head

پادِشاهی or پادْشاهی • (pâdešâhi or pâdšâhi)

پادِشاهی (canonical)
پادْشاهی (canonical)
pâdešâhi (romanization)
pâdšâhi (romanization)

[pɑːð.ʃɑː.ˈhiː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑː.ɦíː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑː.ɦíː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑː.ɦíː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑː.ɦíː]

[pʰɑː.d̪ɪ.ʃɑː.jíː]

[pʰɑːd̪.ʃɑː.jíː]

[pʰɔːd̪.ʃɔː.jí]

[pʰɒː.d̪e.ʃɒː.ɦíː]

[pʰɒːd̪.ʃɒː.ɦíː]

[pʰɔd̪.ʃɔ.ɦí]

af

پادِشاه (pâdešâh) + ـی (-i)

نمیخواهم سلیمی پادشاهی بندهٔ یارم
که من شاهنشهی از بندگی خویشتن دارم

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 211:

I, Selim, do not want the kingdom; I am the beloved's servant,
For I have an empire out of my own servitude.

na-mē-xwāham salīmī pādišāhī banda-yi yāram
ki man šāhinšahī az bandagī-yi xwēštan dāram


ساز

→ Azerbaijani: saz

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साज़ (sāz)

Urdu: ساز (sāz, saz)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: saz

→ Ottoman Turkish: ساز (sâz)

Turkish: saz

English: saz

→ Middle Armenian: սազ (saz) (or directly from Persian)

Armenian: սազ (saz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਜ਼ (sāz)

Shahmukhi script: ساز (sāz)

Lexicalization of the stem ساز (sâz-) of the verb ساختن (sâxtan, “to make, construct; to compose”).


آخرت

head

آخِرَت • (âxerat)

fa-noun

آخِرَت • (âxerat)

آخِرَت (canonical)
âxerat (romanization)

→ Bashkir: әхирәт (əxirət)

→ Gujarati: આખિરત (ākhirat)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आख़िरत (āxirat)

Urdu: آخِرَت (āxirat)

→ Kazakh: ақырет (aqyret)

[ʔɑː.xɪ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔɑː.xɪ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔɑː.xɪ.ɾǽt̪]

[ʔɔ.χi.ɾǽt̪]

Borrowed from Arabic الْآخِرَة (al-ʔāḵira, “the hereafter”).


بودیست

head

بودیست • (budist) (plural بودیستها (budist-hâ))


سامانی

سامانی • (sâmâni)

fa-noun

سامانی • (sâmâni)


چوکی

head

چوکی • (čawkî)

fa-noun

چوکی • (čawkî)

[t͡ʃʰäw.kʰíː]

Borrowed from Urdu چَوکی (caukī) / Hindi चौकी (caukī).


جنایت

head

جنایت • (jenâyat) (plural جنایات (jenâyât))

چه جرم رفت که با ما سخن نمیگویی
جنایت از طرف ماست یا تو بدخویی

c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Ghazal 515”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī]:

What crime has there been that you say no word to me?
Is the sin on my part, or are you mean-spirited?

či jurm raft ki bā mā suxan na-mē-gūyi
jināyat az taraf-i mā-st yā tu badxūy-ī


ستاره داوود

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ d̪ɑː.wúːd̪]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ d̪ɑː.wúːd̪]

[sɪ.t̪ʰɑː.ɾǽ.jɪ d̪ɑː.wúːd̪]


سکسولوژی

سکسولوژی • (seksoloži)

fa-noun

سکسولوژی • (seksoloži)


گنوستیک

head

گنوستیک • (gnostik) (plural گنوستیکها (gnostik-hâ))

gnostik (romanization)
گنوستیکها (plural)

ما گنوستیکیم.
Mâ gnostikim.
We are Gnostics.


سوفیا

سوفیا • (sofiyâ)

fa-proper noun

سوفیا • (sofiyâ)


دمیورژ

head

دمیورژ • (demiurž)

fa-noun

دمیورژ • (demiurž)


سوسیالیست

head

سوسیالیست • (sosiyâlist) (plural سوسیالیستها (sosiyâlist-hâ))

sosiyâlist (romanization)
سوسیالیستها (plural)


سوسیالیستی

fa-adj

سوسیالیستی • (sosiyâlisti)


مارکسیسم

head

مارکسیسم • (mârksism)

fa-noun

مارکسیسم • (mârksism)


مزدیسنا

Borrowed from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (mazdaiiasna). A modern borrowing that displaced classical مزدیسن (mazdayasn), of the same source and meaning.


اهورا

head

اهورا • (ahurâ) (plural اهوراها (ahurâ-hâ))

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː]


اهورا

اهورا • (ahurâ)

fa-proper noun

اهورا • (ahurâ)

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.ɦuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wuː.ɾɑ́ː]

[ʔä.wu.ɾɔ́ː]

[ʔæ.ɦuː.ɹɒ́ː]

a male given name, Ahura, Ahoura, or Ahoora, from Avestan


دموکراسی

head

دموکراسی • (demokrâsi)

fa-noun

دموکراسی • (demokrâsi)

Borrowed from French démocratie, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin dēmocratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokrătĭ́ā).


امامزاده

head

امامزاده • (emâmzâde)

fa-noun

امامزاده • (emâmzâde)

From امام + زاده.


ویهارا

head

ویهارا • (vihârâ)

fa-noun

ویهارا • (vihârâ)


ققنوس

head

ققنوس • (qaqnus) (plural ققنوسها (qaqnus-hâ))

qaqnus (romanization)
ققنوسها (plural)
ققنوس (singular)
ققنوسها، ققنوسا (qaqnus-hấ, qaqnusấ^△) (plural)
ققنوس (ezafe singular)
ققنوسی (definite relative singular)
ققنوسی (indefinite singular stressed)
ققنوسم (first-person possessive singular)
ققنوست (second-person singular)
ققنوسش (possessive singular third-person)
ققنوسم (first-person singular)
qaqnusam (first-person singular)
ققنوسیم (first-person plural)
qaqnusim (first-person plural)
ققنوسی (second-person singular)
qaqnusi (second-person singular)
ققنوسید (plural second-person)
qaqnusid (plural second-person)
ققنوسین (colloquial plural second-person)
qaqnusin (plural second-person)
ققنوس است (singular third-person)
qaqnus ast (singular third-person)
ققنوسه (colloquial singular third-person)
qaqnuse (singular third-person)
ققنوسند (plural third-person)
qaqnusand (plural third-person)
ققنوسن (colloquial plural third-person)
qaqnusan (plural third-person)

Borrowed from Arabic قُقْنُوس (quqnūs), from Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”).


سوسیالیسم دموکراتیک

سوسیالیسم دموکراتیک

سوسیالیسم دموکراتیک • (sosiyâlism-e demokrâtik)

fa-noun

سوسیالیسم دموکراتیک

democratic socialism
democratic socialism


کرک

A Turkic borrowing, equivalent to Ottoman Turkish كورك (kürk, “fur”).


کرک

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/kark/); cognate with Khotanese kṛṅga- (“cock”), Mazanderani کرک (kërk), Gilaki کرک (kark, kərk, “hen”), etc.


سهم

head

سهم • (sahm) (plural اسهم (ashom) or سهام (sehâm) or سهمها (sahm-hâ))

sahm (romanization)
اسهم (plural)
سهام (plural)
سهمها (plural)


جفت

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywht /ǰuxt/), from Proto-Iranian *yuxtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós. Doublet of یوغ (yuğ) and زوج (zowj).

inh

جفت جنین
جفت جنین#Persian

Short for جفت جنین (joft-e janin, “placenta”).


رژ

From French rouge à lèvres translated as رژ لب (rož-e lab) or رژلب (rož-lab, rože-lab).

رژ لب
رژ لب#Persian

(colloquial-un) Short for رژ لب (rož-e lab)


ستوان

head

ستوان • (sotvân)

fa-noun

ستوان • (sotvân)


سرجوخه

head

سرجوخه • (sarjuxe) (plural سرجوخهها (sarjuxe-hâ))

sarjuxe (romanization)
سرجوخهها (plural)

From سر (“head”) + جوخه (“platoon, squad”).