مصر

head

مِصْر • (mesr)

fa-proper noun

مِصْر • (mesr)

Dari: مِصْر (misr)

Iranian Persian: مِصْر (mesr)

Tajik: Миср (Misr)

→ Assamese: মিছৰ (misor), মিচৰ (misor)

→ Bengali: মিশর (miśor), মিসর (miśor)

→ Gujarati: મિસર (misar)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: मिस्र (misra), मिस्त्र (mistra), मिसर (misar)

Urdu: مِصْر (misr)

→ Kashmiri: مِصر

→ Kazakh: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Marathi: मिसर (misar)

→ Nepali: मिस्र (misra)

→ Odia: ମିଶର (miśara), ମିଶର୍ (miśar), ମିଶ୍ର (miśra)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਰ (misar)

Shahmukhi script: مِصَر (miṣar)

این كمترین مریدان حكایتی از جنگ كردن سلطان صالحالدین مصر به فرنگیان كه از غرابت خالی نبوده به عرض اقـدس مـیرسانید.

1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:

We humblest servants told a story in his imperial presence about the war that Sultan Saladin of Egypt had waged against the Crusaders, which was not devoid of marvels.

īn kamtarīn murīdān hikāyatē az jang kardan-i sultān sālah-ad-dīn-i misr ba farangīyān ki az ğurābat xālī na-būda ba arz-i aqdas mē-rasānīd.


بحر

head

بَحْر • (bahr)

fa-noun

بَحْر • (bahr)


قطر

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


آب

Dari: آب (āb), اَو (aw)

Hazaragi: او (aw)

Iranian Persian: آب (âb)

Tajik: об (ob)

→ Äynu: ab

→ Bengali: আব (āb)

→ Gujarati: અબ (āb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आब (āb)

Urdu: آب (āb)

→ Kashmiri:

Arabic script: آب (āb)

Devanagari script: आब (āb)

Sharada script: 𑆄𑆧𑇀 (āb)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آب (âb)
Turkish: ab, ap

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਬ (āba)

Shahmukhi script: آب (āb)

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: آبُ (ābu)

Devanagari script: आबु (ābu)

Khudabadi script: 𑊱𑋔𑋣 (ābu)

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠛ (ab)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
From Middle Persian ʾp̄ (āb), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (ap-), from Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš (compare Northern Kurdish av, aw, Baluchi آپ (áp), Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (obë), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (compare Sanskrit अप् (ap)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water, body of water”).


آب

Borrowed from Arabic آب (ʔāb), from Classical Syriac ܐܒ.


ایالات متحده آمریکا

head

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا • (eyâlât-e mottahede-ye âmrikâ)

fa-proper noun

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا

اِیالاتِ مُتَّحِدهٔ آمْریکا (canonical)
eyâlât-e mottahede-ye âmrikâ (romanization)

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.jɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɔː.lɔ́ː.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ji.d̪ǽ.ji ʔɔːm.ɾi.kʰɔː]

[ʔi.jɒː.lɒ́ː.t̪ʰe mot̪.t̪ʰæ.ɦe.ˈd̪e.je ʔɒːm.ɹiː.kʰɒː]

[ʔi.jɔ.lɔ́.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ɦi.d̪ǽ.ji ʔɔm.ɾi.kʰɔ]

United States of America
United States of America#English:_Q30

United States of America (a country in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories)


یونانی

head

یونانی • (yunâni) (plural یونانیان (yunâniân) or یونانیها (yunâni-hâ))

yunâni (romanization)
یونانیان (plural)
یونانیها (plural)


ایران

ایران • (irân)

fa-proper noun

ایران • (irân)

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “[land] of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates.

der

میان ایران و توران تعصب و فتنه افتاد تا بدین غایت هنوز اندر آنند.

c. 1032, گردیزی [Gardēzī], زینالاخبار [Zaynu-l-axbār]:

There has been intolerance and strife between Iran and Turan to the point that they are still engaged in it to this moment.

miyān-i ērān u tūrān ta'assub u fitna uftād tā badīn ğāyat hanūz andar ān-and.

گر به صد زحمت من از هندوستان آیم برون
خود بگو از عهدهی ایران چسان آیم برون

1600s, اشرف مازندرانی [Ašraf Māzandārānī], edited by احمد گلچین معانی [Ahmad Golčin-e Ma'âni], کاروان هند [kārwān-i hind], volume 1, India, published 1970, page 71:

If, by a hundred efforts, I should leave Hindustan
Tell me, how should I ever leave my duty to Iran?

سکندر رفت و شمشیر و علم رفت
خراج شهر و گنج کان و یم رفت
امم را از شهان پاینده تر دان
نمی بینی که ایران ماند و جم رفت

1923, اقبال لاهوری [Muhammad Iqbal], پیام مشرق [Message from the East]:

Alexander is gone, with his sword and his banner,
His cities' revenues and his treasures from mines and seas are gone.
Know that nations are more lasting than kings;
Do you not see that Iran remains, while Jamshid is gone?

sekandar raft o šamšir o 'alam raft
xarâj-e šahr o ganj-e kân o yam raft
omam râ az šahân pâyande-tar dân
ne-mi-bini ke irân mânad o jam raft

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East); (historically) Persia


یونان

head

یونان • (yunân)

fa-proper noun

یونان • (yunân)

→ Arabic: الْيُونَان (al-yūnān)

→ Bengali: ইউনান (iunan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: यूनान (yūnān)

Urdu: یُونان (yunān)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: یونان (Yunan)

Ottoman Turkish: یونان (Yunan)

Turkish: Yunan

From Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (Yauna), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


چینی

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چینی (çini)
Turkish: çini

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]

[t͡ʃʰiː.níː]


فرانسه

head

فَرانْسِه • (farânse)

fa-proper noun

فَرانْسِه • (farânse)

فَرانْسِه (canonical)
farânse (romanization)

→ Pashto: فرانسه (farānsa)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرانسه (firansa)
Turkish: Fransa
→ Laz: ჶრანსა (fransa)
→ Armenian: Ֆրանսա (Fransa) — Western Armenian

→ Azerbaijani: Fəransə, Fransa


گرج

→ Arabic: كُرْج (kurj)

→ Medieval Latin: Geōrgia
→ English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle French: Georgie
French: Géorgie
→ Middle English: Georgie
English: Georgie (obsolete)
→ Italian: Georgia
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia
→ Romanian: Georgia
→ Spanish: Georgia

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (ʿlʿcʾn /Wiruz-ān/, “Iberians, Georgians”); compare Parthian 𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭔𐭍 pl (wyršn /Wiruž-ān/), Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] pl (wrwcʾn), Old Armenian վիր-ք (vir-kʻ), Russian грузи́н (gruzín).

cog

1258-1273, Rumi, Masnavi
در هوا میکرد خود بالای برج
که هزیمت میشد از وی روم و گرج
dar hawā mē-kard xwad bālā-yi burj
ki hazīmat mē-šud az way rōm u gurj

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


عراق

head

عِراق • ('erâq)

fa-proper noun

عِراق • ('erâq)

Borrowed from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”).

bor+

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


اسپانیا

head

اِسْپانِیا • (espâniyâ)

fa-proper noun

اِسْپانِیا • (espâniyâ)

اِسْپانِیا (canonical)
espâniyâ (romanization)

desc

→ Pashto: اسپانيا

→ Pashto: اسپانيا

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


سوریه

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


کنیا

head

کنیا • (kenyâ)

fa-proper noun

کنیا • (kenyâ)


کمر

→ Armenian: քամար (kʻamar)

→ Azerbaijani: kəmər

→ Middle Bengali: কমর (komor)

Bengali: কোমর (kōmor)

desctree

→ Georgian: ქამარი (kamari)
→ Bats: ქამარ (kamar)

→ Gujarati: કમર (kamar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कमर (kamar)

Urdu: کمر (kamar)

→ Kashmiri: کَمَر (kamar)

→ Khalaj: kamar

→ Malay: kamar

→ Marathi: कंबर (kambar)

→ Punjabi: ਕਮਰ (kamar)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كمر (kemer)
Turkish: kemer
→ Albanian: qemer
→ Armenian: քէմէր (kʻēmēr), ք^յա̈մա̈ր (kʻʸämär)
→ Bulgarian: кеме́р (kemér)
→ Greek: κεμέρι (keméri)
→ Romanian: chimír, chimér

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kml /kamar/, “waist, belt, girdle”), 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”) from Old Persian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂m-ér-e-ti, from *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”) (see there for further cognates). Doublet of کمرا (kamrâ).


پاکستان

head

پاکستان • (pâkestân)

fa-proper noun

پاکستان • (pâkestân)

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[pʰɒː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Borrowed from Urdu پَاکِسْتَان (pākistān), itself from پاک (pāk) + ـِستَان (-istān). By surface analysis, پاک + ـِسْتان.

affix

پاک (pāk) + ـِستَان (-istān)


استانبول

head

استانبول • (estânbol)

fa-proper noun

استانبول • (estânbol)

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”), perhaps through Arabic.

bor+

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

و آنجا یعنی بر آن مناره آیینهای حراقه ساخته بودند که هر کشتی رومیان که از استانبول میآمدی چون به مقابله آن رسیدی آتشی از آن آینه افتادی و بسوختی.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

And there, that is to say on that lighthouse, a Mirror of Fireships had been constructed so that any Roman [Byzantine] ship which came from Constantinople would catch fire from that mirror when it passed in front of it and be burnt.

w-ānjā ya'nī bar ān munāra āyīna'ē harrāqa sāxta būdand ki har kaštī-yi rūmīyān ki az istānbūl mē-āmadē čōn ba muqābila-yi ān rasīdē ātišē az ān āyīna uftādē u bisōxtē.

Istanbul (a major city and province of Turkey)


افغانستان

head

اَفْغانِسْتان

اَفْغانِسْتان • (afğânestân)

fa-proper noun

اَفْغانِسْتان

اَفْغانِسْتان • (afğânestân)

اَفْغانِسْتان (canonical)
afğânestân (romanization)

[ʔäf.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäf.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäv.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

Fa-افغانستان.ogg

af

افغان (afğân) + ـستان (-estân)

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


آلمان

head

آلْمان • (âlmân)

fa-proper noun

آلْمان • (âlmân)

[ʔɑːl.mɑ́ːn]

[ʔɒːl.mɒ́ːn]

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


انگلستان

head

اِنْگِلِسْتان

اِنْگِلِسْتان • (engelestân)

fa-proper noun

اِنْگِلِسْتان

اِنْگِلِسْتان • (engelestân)

اِنْگِلِسْتان (canonical)
engelestân (romanization)

[ʔɪŋ.ɡɪ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ʔɪŋ.ɡɪ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ʔɪŋ.ɡɪ.lɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

From اِنْگِلیس (engelis) + ـسْتان (-estân).

England (The largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom; established in southern Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927)


جزیره

head

جزیره • (jazire) (plural جزائر (jazâ'er) or جزیرهها (jazire-hâ))

jazire (romanization)
جزائر (plural)
جزیرهها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जज़ीरा (jazīrā)

Urdu: جَزِیرَہ (jazīra)

Borrowed from Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra). Displaced native گنگ (gang), خوست (xast), آبخوست (âb-xast).


چین

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), likely from Gandhari 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), likely from Old Chinese 秦 (OC *zin).

inh+

جمهوری چین

جمهوری خلق چین


روسیه

head

روسِیِه • (rusiye)

fa-proper noun

روسِیِه • (rusiye)

روسِیِه (canonical)
rusiye (romanization)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


اسلواکی

head

اِسلُواکی • (eslovâki)

fa-proper noun

اِسلُواکی • (eslovâki)

اِسلُواکی (canonical)
eslovâki (romanization)

(Iran) Slovakia (a country in Central Europe)


ایتالیا

head

ایتالِیا • (itâliyâ)

fa-proper noun

ایتالِیا • (itâliyâ)

ایتالِیا (canonical)
itâliyâ (romanization)

Borrowed from Italian Italia, possibly via Ottoman Turkish ایتالیا (İtalya).


لهستان

head

لَهِسْتان or لِهِسْتان • (lahestân or lehestân)

لَهِسْتان (canonical)
لِهِسْتان (canonical)
lahestân (romanization)
lehestân (romanization)

[lä.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[lä.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From له (lah, “Lech”) + ـستان (-estân, “place of”).


بلژیک

head

بِلژیک • (belžik)

fa-proper noun

بِلژیک • (belžik)

بِلژیک (canonical)
belžik (romanization)

(Iran) Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


رومانی

head

رومانی • (rumâni)

fa-proper noun

رومانی • (rumâni)

Borrowed from French Roumanie, from Latin Romania.


هند

→ Azerbaijani: hind

→ Bashkir: һинд (hind)

→ Bengali: হিন্দ (hindo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हिंद (hind)

Urdu: ہند (hind)

→ Odia: ହିନ୍ଦ୍ (hind)

→ Ottoman Turkish: هند

Turkish: Hint

→ Punjabi: ਹਿੰਦ (hind)

→ Uzbek: hind

From Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”) or from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “a river, stream”).


ایسلند

head

ایسْلَنْد • (island)

fa-proper noun

ایسْلَنْد • (island)

ایسْلَنْد (canonical)
island (romanization)

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in Europe, North Atlantic Ocean; capital: Reykjavík)


لندن

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


آمستردام

head

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

fa-proper noun

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

[ʔɒːms.t̪ʰeɹ.d̪ɒ́ːm]

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


لیسبون

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


پاریس

head

پاریس • (pâris)

fa-proper noun

پاریس • (pâris)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


صوفیا

head

صوفیا • (sofiyâ)


مسکو

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


کوه

→ Hindi: कोह (koh)

→ Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh) / कॏह (kôh)

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਹ (koh)

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭥𐭯 (kōf, “hill, mountain”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (kaufa, “mountain”).


اسرائیل

head

اِسْرائیل • (esrâ'il)

fa-proper noun

اِسْرائیل • (esrâ'il)

اِسْرائیل (canonical)
esrâ'il (romanization)

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔíːl]

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔíːl]

[ʔɪs.ɾɑː.jíːl]

[ʔes.ɹɒː.ʔíːl̥]

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl).


جمهوری اسلامی ایران

head

جُمْهوریِ اِسْلامیِ ایران

جُمْهوریِ اِسْلامیِ ایران • (jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân)

fa-proper noun

جُمْهوریِ اِسْلامیِ ایران

جُمْهوریِ اِسْلامیِ ایران (canonical)
jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye irân (romanization)

[d͡ʒum.huː.ˈɾiː.ji ʔis.lɑː.ˈmiː.ji ʔeː.ˈɾɑːn]

[d͡ʒäm.huː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.muː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je ʔes.lɒː.mí.je ʔiː.ɹɒ́ːn]

Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran#English

Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran (a country in Western Asia)


رود

→ Urdu: رُود (rūd)

From Middle Persian, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎫 (rauta-, “river, torrent”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hráwtah.


عربستان سعودی

head

عَرَبِسْتانِ سَعودی

عَرَبِسْتانِ سَعودی • ('arabestân-e sa'udi)

fa-proper noun

عَرَبِسْتانِ سَعودی

عَرَبِسْتانِ سَعودی (canonical)
'arabestân-e sa'udi (romanization)

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ː.nɪ sä.ʔuː.d̪íː]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ː.nɪ sä.ʔuː.d̪íː]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ː.nɪ sä.wuː.d̪íː]

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia)


اردن

head

اُرْدُن • (ordon)

fa-proper noun

اُرْدُن • (ordon)

اُرْدُن (canonical)
ordon (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic الْأُرْدُنّ (al-ʔurdunn).

bor+

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


فلسطین

Borrowed from Arabic فِلَسْطِين (filasṭīn).

(historical or politically charged, see usage notes) Palestine (The region in Western Asia in the Middle East between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River)

Palestine (A partly-recognized country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)


کویت

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ترکیه

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: तुर्किया (turkiyā)

Urdu: ترکیہ

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


لیبی

Borrowed from French Libye f (“Libya”), from Latin Libya f, from Ancient Greek Λῐβῠ́η f (Lĭbŭ́ē).


لبنان

head

لبنان • (lobnân)

fa-proper noun

لبنان • (lobnân)

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


هندوستان

head

هِنْدوسْتان • (hendustân)

fa-proper noun

هِنْدوسْتان • (hendustân)

هِنْدوسْتان (canonical)
hendustân (romanization)

→ Assamese: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)

desctree

→ Middle Bengali: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)
Bengali: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)

→ Gujarati: હિંદુસ્તાન (hindustān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हिंदुस्तान (hindustān)

Urdu: ہِنْدوسْتان (hindostān)

→ Maithili: hindustān

Devanagari script: हिन्दुस्तान

Tirhuta script: 𑒯𑒱𑒢𑓂𑒠𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒰𑒢

→ Marathi: हिंदुस्थान (hindusthān)

→ Odia: ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ଥାନ (hindusthāna)

→ Old Punjabi: ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੁ (hindusatānu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਹਿੰਦੋਸਤਾਨ (hindostān)
Shahmukhi script: ہِندُوستان (hindūstān)

desc

→ Sanskrit: हिन्दुस्थान (hindusthāna) (calque)

→ Sindhi: hindustānu

Arabic script: هِندُسْتانُ

Devanagari script: हिंदुस्तानु

[ʔɪn̪.d̪uːs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From هندو (hendu, “Indian”) + ـستان (-stân, “land”).

af

Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent#English

(dated) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) the Indian subcontinent, India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)

(colloquial) India (a country in South Asia)


ژاپن

head

ژاپُن • (žâpon)

fa-proper noun

ژاپُن • (žâpon)

(chiefly Iran) Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


مراکش

head

مراکش • (marâkeš)

fa-proper noun

مراکش • (marâkeš)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मराकिश (marākiś)

Urdu: مَراکِش (marākiś)

desc

ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼//مَراکَش

→ Punjabi: ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ /مَراکَش (marākiś)

→ Punjabi: ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ /مَراکَش (marākiś)

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mæ.ɹɒː.kʰʲeʃ]

[mä.ɾɔ.kʰäʃ]

Borrowed from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš). See Morocco for more. In Persian, the word came to be read and pronounced like an Arabic broken plural form.


دریا

head

دَرْیا • (daryâ) (plural دریاها (daryâ-hâ))

دَرْیا (canonical)
daryâ (romanization)
دریاها (plural)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dlydʾp̄ /drayāb/, “sea”), a merger of āb (“water”) (whence آب (āb)) with Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /draya/, “ocean, sea”), from Proto-Iranian *jráyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas, likely from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Northern Kurdish zrê, zerya (“sea”), Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵 (zraiiaŋh, “sea”), Sanskrit ज्रयस् (jráyas, “expanse”).

inh

در کنار دریا

دریا در چرخه آب نقش دارد.

The ocean plays a role in the water cycle.

ز عشق ار عاشقی میرد، گنه بر عشق ننهد کس
که بهر غرقه کردن عیب نتوان کرد دریا را

c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:

If the lover dies of love, nobody holds love accountable,
For one does not blame the sea when a person drowns.

zi išq ar āšiqē mīrad gunah bar išq na-nihad kas
ki bahr-i ğarqa kardan ayb na-tawan kard daryā rā

با کمال احتیاج از خلق استغنا خوش است
با دهان خشک مردن بر لب دریا خوش است

mid-1600s, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

To disdain people’s help at the utmost height of neediness is fitting;
To die with a dry mouth at the shore of the ocean is fitting.

bā kamāl-i ihtiyāj az xalq istiğnā xwaš ast
bā dahān-i xušk mordan bar lab-i daryā xwaš ast


ساحل

head

ساحل • (sâhel)

fa-proper noun

ساحل • (sâhel)


هلند

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


آفریقا

head

آفریقا • (âfriqâ)

fa-proper noun

آفریقا • (âfriqâ)

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.ˈqɑː]

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː]

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː]

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː]

[ʔɔːf.ɾi.qɔ́ː]

[ʔɒːf.ɹiː.ʁɒ́ː]

Africa (the continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica)


ماداگاسکار

head

ماداگاسکار • (mâdâgâskâr)

fa-proper noun

ماداگاسکار • (mâdâgâskâr)

[mɒːdɒːɡɒːsˈkɒːɾ]

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


کره

head

کُرِه • (kore)

fa-proper noun

کُرِه • (kore)

(chiefly Iran) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided in two)


تاجیکستان

head

تاجیکِسْتان • (tâjikestân)

fa-proper noun

تاجیکِسْتان • (tâjikestân)

تاجیکِسْتان (canonical)
tâjikestân (romanization)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒeː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒeː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From تاجیک (tâjik, “Tajik”) + ـستان (estân).

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia; capital: Dushanbe)


ازبکستان

From ازبک (ozbak, “Uzbek”) + ـستان (estân, “place of”).


آذربایجان

head

آذَرْبایْجان

آذَرْبایْجان • (âzarbâyjân)

fa-proper noun

آذَرْبایْجان

آذَرْبایْجان • (âzarbâyjân)

آذَرْبایْجان (canonical)
âzarbâyjân (romanization)

desc

أَذَرْبَيْجَان

→ Arabic: أَذَرْبَيْجَان (ʔaḏarbayjān)

→ Arabic: أَذَرْبَيْجَان (ʔaḏarbayjān)

→ Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan

→ Bashkir: Әзербайжан (Əzerbayjan)

→ English: Azarbayjan

→ Kazakh: Әзірбайжан (Äzırbaijan)

→ Kyrgyz: Азербайжан (Azerbayjan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: آذربایجان (Azerbaycan)
Turkish: Azerbaycan
→ English: Azerbaijan
→ French: Azerbaïdjan
→ German: Aserbaidschan
→ Russian: Азербайджа́н (Azerbajdžán), Азербайджа́нъ (Azerbajdžán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ English: Azerbaidzhan

→ Tatar: Әзербайҗан (Äzerbaycan)

→ Turkmen: Azerbaýjan

desc

آذَرْبائِیجان

→ Urdu: آذَرْبائِیجان (āzarbāījān)

→ Urdu: آذَرْبائِیجان (āzarbāījān)

→ Uyghur: ئەزەربەيجان (ezerbeyjan)

→ Uzbek: Ozarbayjon

[ʔɑː.ðaɾ.bɑːj.ˈd͡ʒɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zaɾ.bɑːj.ˈd͡ʒɑːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[ʔɑː.zäɾ.bɑːj.d͡ʒɑ́ːn]

[ʔɔː.zäɾ.bäj.d͡ʒɔ́ːn]

[ʔɒː.zæɹ.bɒːj.d͡ʒɒ́ːn]

Arabized form of Early Classical Persian آذَرْبَایْگَان (āzarbāygān) / آذَرْبَادْگَان (āzarbādgān), from Middle Persian ʾtwrpʾtkʾn (ādurbādagān). By surface analysis, آذرباد (âzarbâd, “Atropates”) + ـگان (-gân, “relational suffix”).

m+

آذَرْبَایْگَان

surf

fa:آذربایجان

[from 20th c.] Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


پکن

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


آلبانی

head

آلبانی • (âlbâni)

fa-proper noun

آلبانی • (âlbâni)

[ʔɒːl.bɒː.níː]

(Iran) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


وادی

head

وادی • (vâdi)

Tajik: водӣ (vodi)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਦੀ (vādī)

→ Punjabi: وادی (wādī)

→ Urdu: وادی (wādī)


دره

→ Gujarati: દરા (darā)

→ Khalaj: dara

→ Ottoman Turkish: دره (dere)

Turkish: dere

→ Azerbaijani: dərə

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, split”) or *dʰel(h₂)- ("valley"), the existence of which is uncertain, see Proto-Germanic *dalą for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬥𐬁 (darenā) and Sogdian 𐫔𐫡 (δar-).


یمن

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman).

bor+

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


نپال

head

نپال • (nepâl)

fa-proper noun

نپال • (nepâl)

Borrowed from French Népal, from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


آمریکا

head

آمْریکا • (âmrikâ)

fa-proper noun

آمْریکا • (âmrikâ)

آمْریکا (canonical)
âmrikâ (romanization)
آمریکایم (first-person predicative singular)
âmrikấyam (first-person predicative singular)
آمریکام (colloquial first-person predicative singular)
âmrikấm (first-person predicative singular)
آمریکاییم (first-person plural predicative)
âmrikấyim (first-person plural predicative)
آمریکایی (predicative second-person singular)
âmrikấyi (predicative second-person singular)
آمریکایید (plural predicative second-person)
âmrikấyid (plural predicative second-person)
آمریکایین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
âmrikấyin (plural predicative second-person)
آمریکاست (predicative singular third-person)
âmrikấst (predicative singular third-person)
آمریکاس، آمریکائه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
âmrikấs, âmrikấe (predicative singular third-person)
آمریکایند (plural predicative third-person)
âmrikấyand (plural predicative third-person)
آمریکان (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
âmrikấn (plural predicative third-person)

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.ˈkɑː]

[ʔɑːm.ˈɾiː.kɑː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾíː.kʰɑː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾíː.kʰɑː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾiː.kʰɑ́ː]

[ʔɑːm.ɾíː.kʰɑː]

[ʔɔːm.ɾi.kʰɔ́ː]

[ʔɔːm.ɾí.kʰɔː]

[ʔɒːm.ɹiː.kʰɒ́ː]

[ʔɒːm.ɹíː.kʰɒː]

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


قاره

head

قارِّه • (qârre)

fa-noun

قارِّه • (qârre)


قاره

head

قارِّه • (qârre)

fa-noun

قارِّه • (qârre)

Compare Northern Kurdish qarîn (“to shout”). Perhaps related to (or a Arabicized form of) Bakhtiari Lorish گالَه (gāla) (: "to shout or scream loudly")


دریاچه

head

دَرْیاچِه • (daryâče) (plural دریاچهها (daryâče-hâ))

دَرْیاچِه (canonical)
daryâče (romanization)
دریاچهها (plural)

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɔː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪æɹ.jɒː.t͡ʃʰé]

[d̪äɾ.jɔ.t͡ʃʰǽ]


بندر

بَنْدَر • (bandar) (plural بنادر (banâder) or بندرها (bandar-hâ))

بَنْدَر (canonical)
bandar (romanization)
بنادر (plural)
بندرها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَنْدَر (bandar)
→ Swahili: bandari

→ Gujarati: બંદર (bandar)

→ Malay: bandar
Indonesian: bandar
→ Iranun: bandar
→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)
→ Maranao: bandar

com

بند (band, “band, tie”) + در (dar, “door”)


گرجستان

head

گُرجِستان • (gorjestân)

fa-proper noun

گُرجِستان • (gorjestân)

گُرجِستان (canonical)
gorjestân (romanization)

desc

→ Azerbaijani: گورجیستان, Ҝүрҹүстан, Gürcüstan

→ Central Kurdish: گورجستان (gurcistan)

→ Crimean Tatar: Гурджистан, Gürcistan

→ Hindi: गुर्जिस्तान (gurjistān)

→ Kazakh: Гүржістан (Gürjıstan)

→ Lak: Гуржисттан (Guržist:an)

→ Lezgi: Гуржистан (Guržistan)

→ Northern Kurdish: Gurcistan

→ Ossetian: Гуырдзыстон (G°yrʒyston)

→ Ottoman Turkish: گورجستان, گرجستان (Gürcistan), Կիւրճիսթան (Gürcistan) — Armeno-Turkish

Turkish: Gürcistan

→ Pashto: ګرجستان (gurjistān)

→ Tatar: Гөрҗистан (Görcistan)

→ Turkmen: Gürjüstan

→ Urdu: گرجستان

→ Urdu: گرجستان

→ Uzbek: Gurjiston

[ɡʊɾ.d͡ʒɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊɾ.d͡ʒɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡʊɾ.d͡ʒɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ɡ̥oɹ.d͡ʒes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Georgia (a country in Europe and Asia; capital: Tbilisi)


فنلاند

head

فَنلاند • (fanlând)

fa-proper noun

فَنلاند • (fanlând)

فَنلاند (canonical)
fanlând (romanization)

Finland (a country in Northern Europe; capital: Helsinki)


شانگهای

head

شانگهای • (šânghâi)

fa-proper noun

شانگهای • (šânghâi)

[ʃɑːŋɡ.hɑ́ːj]

[ʃɒːɲɡʲ.hɒ́ːj]

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


اوگاندا

head

اوگاندا • (ugândâ)

fa-proper noun

اوگاندا • (ugândâ)

[ʔuː.ɡɑːn.dɑː]

[ʔuː.ɡɑːn̪.d̪ɑː]

[ʔuː.ɡɑːn̪.d̪ɑː]

[ʔuː.ɡɑːn̪.d̪ɑː]

[ʔu.ɡɔːn̪.d̪ɔː]

[ʔuː.ɡɒːn̪.d̪ɒː]

Ultimately from Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


زامبیا

head

زامبیا • (zâmbyâ)

fa-proper noun

زامبیا • (zâmbyâ)


ایرلند

head

ایرْلَنْد • (irland)

fa-proper noun

ایرْلَنْد • (irland)

ایرْلَنْد (canonical)
irland (romanization)

[ʔiːɹ.lǽn̪d̪̥]

Ireland (an island and country in Western Europe; capital: Dublin)


تپه

From a Turkic source, such as Azerbaijani təpə, Uzbek tepa, Ottoman Turkish تپه (tepe). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tepe.

به پیری بسی دیدم آوردگاه
بسی بر زمین پست کردم سپاه
تپه شد بسی دیو در جنگ من
ندیدم بدان سو که بودم شکن

c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “Tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:

In my old age, many battles have I seen;
Many armies on the earth have I put to rout.
The demons became a hill [of corpses] in my war,
I have not seen myself likewise defeated.

ba pīrī basē dīdam awardgāh
basē bar zamīn pušt kardam sipāh
tapa šud dēw dar jang-i man
na-dīdam bad-ān sō ki būdam šikan


یورو

منطقه یورو ― mantaqe-ye yuro or yoro ― the Eurozone

euro (the currency unit of the European Monetary Union)


نروژ

Norway (a country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe)


تایلند

head

تایلَنْد • (tâyland)

fa-proper noun

تایلَنْد • (tâyland)

تایلَنْد (canonical)
tâyland (romanization)

[t̪ʰɒːj.læn̪d̪̥]


زلاند نو

head

زِلانْدِ نُو

زِلانْدِ نُو • (zelând-e now)

fa-proper noun

زِلانْدِ نُو

زِلانْدِ نُو • (zelând-e now)

زِلانْدِ نُو (canonical)
zelând-e now (romanization)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania; capital: Wellington)


کابل

head

کابُل • (kâbol)

fa-proper noun

کابُل • (kâbol)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā, “Kabul River”) and Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬡𐬀 (kuβa). Pronunciation changed to "Kabul" around the 11th century.


عمان

head

عمان • ('omân)

fa-proper noun

عمان • ('omân)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


کرواسی

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


زاگرب

zâgreb (romanization)
zâgrib (romanization)

[zɒːɡʲ.ɹéb̥]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


آتن

head

آتن • (âten)

fa-proper noun

آتن • (âten)

Borrowed from French Athènes, from Latin Athēnae, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


پراگ

head

پراگ • (perâg)

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


اقیانوس

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

fa-noun

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

اُقْیانوس (canonical)
oqyânus (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔuqyānūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós). First attested in the Iqbāl-nāma, circa 1195, but as a foreign یونانی (yunâni, “Ancient Greek”) word for "deep sea," and uncommon until the 1800s. The widespread modern use is influenced by European languages, perhaps initially via Ottoman Turkish اقیانوس (okyanus).

bor+

أُوقْيَانُوس


قزاقستان

head

قَزّاقِسْتان

قَزّاقِسْتان • (qazzâqestân)

fa-proper noun

قَزّاقِسْتان

قَزّاقِسْتان • (qazzâqestân)

قَزّاقِسْتان (canonical)
qazzâqestân (romanization)

From قزاق + ـستان.

af

قزاق + ـستان

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


مجارستان

head

مَجارِستان • (majârestân)

fa-proper noun

مَجارِستان • (majârestân)

مَجارِستان (canonical)
majârestân (romanization)

[mä.d͡ʒɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[mä.d͡ʒɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[mä.d͡ʒɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[mä.d͡ʒɔː.ɾis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[mæ.d͡ʒɒː.ɹes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

بوداپـست پایتخت کشور مجارستان و بزرگترین شهر این کشور است.

Budapest is the capital of the country of Hungary and is the largest city in this country.

budâpest pâytaxt-e kešvar-e majârestân va bozorg-tarin šahr-e in kešvar ast.


مغولستان

head

مُغولِسْتان • (moğolestân)

fa-proper noun

مُغولِسْتان • (moğolestân)

مُغولِسْتان (canonical)
moğolestân (romanization)

From مغول (moğol, “Mongol”) + ـستان (-estân, “-land”).

af

Mongolia (a region in East Asia including Inner Mongolia (an autonomous region in China) and Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), sometimes also including Buryatia, Tuva, Altay)


کوهستان

head

کوهستان • (kuhestân) (plural کوهستانها (kuhestân-hâ))

kuhestân (romanization)
کوهستانها (plural)

→ Gujarati: કોહિસ્તાન (kohistān)

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਹਸਤਾਨ (kohastān)

[kʰoː.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[kʰoː.ɦɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From کوه (kuh, “mountain”) + ـستان (estân, “-stan, area”).


صربستان

head

صِربِستان • (Serbestân)

fa-proper noun

صِربِستان • (Serbestân)

صِربِستان (canonical)
Serbestân (romanization)

From صرب (Serb, “Serb”) + ـستان (-estân, “-istan, -land: forming place names”).

af

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


ارمنستان

head

اَرْمَنِسْتان

اَرْمَنِسْتان • (armanestân)

fa-proper noun

اَرْمَنِسْتان

اَرْمَنِسْتان • (armanestân)

اَرْمَنِسْتان (canonical)
armanestân (romanization)

[ʔäɾ.mä.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäɾ.mä.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäɾ.mä.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From اَرْمَن (arman) + ـِسْتان (-estân).

af

اَرْمَن (arman) + ـِسْتان (-estân)

رفیق من آقای پتروسیان در ارمنستان زندگی میکند. (more literary)
rafiq-e man âqâ-ye petrosiyân dar armanestân zendegi mi-konad.

رفیقم آقای پتروسیان تو ارمنستان زندگی میکنه. (more colloquial)
rafiqam âqâ-ye petrosiyân tu armanestân zendegi mi-kone.
My pal Mister Petrosyan lives in Armenia.

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


عربستان

head

عَرَبِسْتان • ('arabestân)

fa-noun

عَرَبِسْتان • ('arabestân)

عَرَبِسْتان (canonical)
'arabestân (romanization)

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔä.ɾä.bɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From عَرَب ('arab, “Arab”) + ـِستان (-estân).

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


آتش‌فشان

head

آتشفشان • (âtaš-fešân) (plural آتشفشانها (âtaš-fešân-hâ))

آتشفشان (canonical)
âtaš-fešân (romanization)
آتشفشانها (plural)

[ɒːˌtʰæʃfeˈʃɒːn]

Fa-آتش فشان.ogg

From آتش (âtaš, “fire”) + فشان (fešân, present stem of فشاندن (fešândan, “to scatter, to disperse”)).

af

فشان
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">فشاندن</i> (fešândan, “to scatter, to disperse”)>


یخچال

head

یَخْچال • (yaxčâl) (plural یخچالها (yaxčâl-hâ))

یَخْچال (canonical)
yaxčâl (romanization)
یخچالها (plural)

[jäx.t͡ʃʰɔːl̥]

[jæx.t͡ʃʰɒːl̥]

[jäχ.t͡ʃʰɔl]

From یخ (yax, “ice”) + چال (čâl, “basement, dungeon, area”).


ایالات متحده امریکا

head

اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا

اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا • (iyālāt-i muttahida-yi amrīkā)

fa-proper noun

اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا

اِیَالَاتِ مُتَّحِدَهٔ اَمْرِیکَا (canonical)
iyālāt-i muttahida-yi amrīkā (romanization)

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔäm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.jɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔäm.ɾiː.kʰɑː]

[ʔi.jɔː.lɔ́ː.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ji.d̪ǽ.ji ʔäm.ɾi.kʰɔː]

[ʔi.jɒː.lɒ́ː.t̪ʰe mot̪.t̪ʰæ.ɦe.ˈd̪e.je ʔæm.ɹiː.kʰɒː]

[ʔi.jɔ.lɔ́.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ɦi.d̪ǽ.ji ʔäm.ɾi.kʰɔ]

United States of America (a country in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories)


اتازونی

head

اتازونی • (etâzuni)

fa-proper noun

اتازونی • (etâzuni)

(Iran, informal) United States (a country in North America)


جمهوری چک

head

جُمْهوریِ چِک

جُمْهوریِ چِک • (jomhuri-ye ček)

fa-proper noun

جُمْهوریِ چِک

جُمْهوریِ چِک • (jomhuri-ye ček)

جُمْهوریِ چِک (canonical)
jomhuri-ye ček (romanization)

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


چشمه

head

چِشمِه • (češme) (plural چِشمِهها (češme-hâ))

چِشمِه (canonical)
češme (romanization)
چِشمِهها (plural)

Tajik: чашма (čašma)

→ Azerbaijani: çeşmə

→ Bashkir: шишмә (şişmə)

→ Bengali: চশমা (cośma)

→ Chagatai: چَشمه

Uzbek: chashma

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चश्मा (caśmā)

Urdu: چَشْمَہ (caśma)

→ Marathi: चष्मा (caṣmā), चश्मा (caśmā)

→ Nepali: चश्मा (caśmā), चस्मा (casmā)

desc

→ Odia: ଚଶମା (cåśåmā)

→ Odia: ଚଶମା (cåśåmā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: چَشمه (çeşme)
Turkish: çeşme
→ Bulgarian: чешма (češma)
→ Tunisian Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
→ Libyan Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)
→ Macedonian: чешма (češma)
→ Romanian: cișmea

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਸ਼ਮਾ (caśmā)

Shahmukhi script: چَشْمَہ (caśmah)

→ Tatar: чишмә (çişmä)

→ Turkmen: çeşme

[ t͡ʃʰæʃ.mé]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (čšmk' /čašmag/, “spring, source”), from [script needed] (čšm /čašm/, “eye”) + [script needed] (-k' /-ag/), equivalent to modern چشم (čašm, “eye”) + ـه (-e).
A relation between eye and spring seems to be common in the area. Compare Baluchi چمگ (cammag, “spring, source”) from چم (camm, “eye”), Gilaki چمار (čumâr, “spring”) from چم (čum, “eye”), Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spring, eye”), and Old Armenian ակն (akn, “eye, spring”).


پنجاب

head

پنجاب • (panjâb)

fa-proper noun

پنجاب • (panjâb)

→ Arabic: الْبَنْجَاب (al-banjāb)

→ Azerbaijani: Pəncab

→ Bashkir: Пәнжаб (Pənjab)

desctree

→ Chagatai: پَنْجاب
Uyghur: پەنجاب (penjab)
Uzbek: Panjob

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पंजाब (pañjāb)

Urdu: پَنْجاب (panjāb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پَنْجاب (Pencâb)
Turkish: Pencap
→ Bulgarian: Пенджаб (Pendžab)
→ French: Pendjab
→ Macedonian: Пенџаб (Pendžab)
→ Polish: Pendżab
→ Portuguese: Pendjab
→ Russian: Пенджа́б (Pendžáb)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Пенџаб
Latin script: Pendžab

→ Pashto: پَنْجاب (panjāb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੰਜਾਬ (pañjāb)

Shahmukhi script: پَن٘جاب (pañjāb)

→ Sindhi: پَنْجابُ (panjābu)

→ Tatar: Пәнҗаб (Päncab)

→ Turkmen: Penjap

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑ́ːb]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɑ́ːw]

[pʰän.d͡ʒɔ́ːb̥]

[pʰæn.d͡ʒɒ́ːb̥]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Proto-Iranian *pánča
Persian پنج
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan)
Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadabor.?
Sanskrit नद (nada)
Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada)calq.
Persian پنجاب
Compound of پنج (panj, “five”) + آب (âb, “river”), a calque of Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from पञ्च (pañca, “five”) and नद (nada, “river”).

calque

Islamabad Capital Territory
Islamabad Capital Territory

Punjab (a geographical region of South Asia, divided (by the Radcliffe Line) between India and Pakistan. Pakistani Punjab includes the (West) Punjab Province and parts of the Islamabad Capital Territory; Indian Punjab includes (East) Punjab State and some other territories.)


کول

From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /kōl/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).
The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).


سومالی

head

سومالی • (somâli)

fa-proper noun

سومالی • (somâli)

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


شاهنامه

head

شاهنامه • (šâhnâme)

fa-proper noun

شاهنامه • (šâhnâme)

→ Gujarati: શાહનામું (śāhnāmũ)

→ Urdu: شاہ نامہ (śāh-nāma)

[ʃɑːɦ.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɑːɦ.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɑː.nɑː.mǽ]

[ʃɔː.nɔː.mǽ]

[ʃɒːɦ.nɒː.mé]

From Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”) + نامه (nāma, “book of”), literally “book of kings”.

af

Shahnameh (an epic poem written by Ferdowsi around 1000 CE, telling the mythical and historical past of ancient Persia from the beginning of the world until the Muslim invasion)


دانمارک

head

دانمارک • (dânmârk)

fa-proper noun

دانمارک • (dânmârk)

[d̪ɒːn.mɒ́ːɹkʲ]

Denmark (a country in Northern Europe; capital: Copenhagen)


شام

→ Urdu: شام (śām)

سوی شامست این نشان و این خبر / در ره قدسش ببینی در گذر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 89:

This sign and this information lies in the direction of Syria: you will see it as you pass on the way to Jerusalem.

suy-e šâm-ast in nešân o in xabar / dar rah-e qods-aš be-bini dar gozar

Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia)


کامبوج

head

کامبوج • (kâmboj)

fa-proper noun

کامبوج • (kâmboj)

[kʰɒːm.bód͡ʒ̥]


مصری

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْرِيّ (miṣriyy). By surface analysis, مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + ـی (-i).


تنگه

→ Malay: tanggah

Indonesian: tanggah


کانال

head

کانال • (kânâl) (plural کانالها (kânâl-hâ))

[kʰɒː.nɒːl̥]


آب‌راه

آبراه • (âb-râh) (plural آبراهها (âb-râh-hâ))

آبراه (canonical)
âb-râh (romanization)
آبراهها (plural)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɾɑːh]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɒːb.ɹɒ́ːʰ]

canal (waterway used for transportation of vessels)


رودخانه

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

fa-noun

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

رودْخانِه (canonical)
rudxâne (romanization)

[ɾɵd̪.χɔ.nǽ]

From رود (rud, “river”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).

compound

آب رودخانه

جزیره در رودخانه


آرژانتین

head

آرژانتین • (âržântin)

fa-proper noun

آرژانتین • (âržântin)

[ʔɒːɹ.ʒɒːn̪.t̪ʰíːn]

(Iran) Argentina (a country in South America)


گنگ

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng


نهر

head

نَهْر • (nahr)

fa-noun

نَهْر • (nahr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नहर (nahar)

Urdu: نَہَر (nahar)


آرارات

head

آرارات • (ârârât)

fa-proper noun

آرارات • (ârârât)

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ˈɾɑːt]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɑː.ɾɑː.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ʔɔː.ɾɔː.ɾɔ́ːt̪]

[ʔɒː.ɹɒː.ɹɒ́ːt̪]

[ʔɔ.ɾɔ.ɾɔ́t̪]


اتریش

head

اُتْریش • (otriš)

fa-proper noun

اُتْریش • (otriš)

اُتْریش (canonical)
otriš (romanization)


کانادا

head

کانادا • (kânâdâ)

fa-proper noun

کانادا • (kânâdâ)

[kɑː.nɑː.ðɑː]

[kʰɑː.nɑː.d̪ɑː]

[kʰɑː.nɑː.d̪ɑː]

[kʰɑː.nɑː.d̪ɑː]

[kʰɔː.nɔː.d̪ɔː]

[kʰɒː.nɒː.d̪ɒː]

Canada (a country in North America; capital: Ottawa)


استرالیا

head

اُسْتُرالِیا

اُسْتْرالِیا

اُسْتُرالِیا or اُسْتْرالِیا • (ostorâliyâ or ostrâliyâ)

fa-proper noun

اُسْتُرالِیا

اُسْتْرالِیا

اُسْتُرالِیا (canonical)
اُسْتْرالِیا (canonical)
ostorâliyâ (romanization)
ostrâliyâ (romanization)

Australia (a country in Oceania; capital: Canberra)


خور

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْر (ḵawr, “bay, inlet, cove, canyon”).


خلیج

[xæ.líːd͡ʒ̥]


نمسا

head

نَمسا • (namsâ)

fa-proper noun

نَمسا • (namsâ)

Borrowed from Arabic النَّمْسَا (an-namsā), from Ottoman Turkish نمچه (Nemçe), itself borrowed from a Slavic language, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *němьcь.

bor+

(dated) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


ایروان

head

ایروان • (iravân)

fa-proper noun

ایروان • (iravân)

→ Azerbaijani: İrəvan

→ Ottoman Turkish: اروان (Erivan)

> Turkish: Erivan (inherited)

→ Russian: Эривань (Erivanʹ)

Ultimately from Armenian Երևան (Erewan).


ارس

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.


ویتنام

From Vietnamese Việt Nam, likely via English Vietnam.


لس‌آنجلس

لسآنجلس (canonical)
los-ânjeles (romanization)

Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


کوبا

head

کوبا • (kubâ)

fa-proper noun

کوبا • (kubâ)

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


قبرس

قِبرِس (canonical)
qebres (romanization)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


دریای اژه

head

دریای اژه • (daryâ-ye eže)

fa-proper noun

دریای اژه • (daryâ-ye eže)

Partial calque of French mer Égée, from Latin Aegaeum mare, itself a partial calque of Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos).

der

Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος


برزیل

(Iran) Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


ساموآی آمریکا

head

ساموآی آمریکا • (sâmo-â-ye âmrikâ)

American Samoa (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in Polynesia)

fa:ساموآی آمریکا


تگزاس

تگزاس • (tegzâs)

fa-proper noun

تگزاس • (tegzâs)


واشینگتن دی.سی.

head

واشینگتن دی.سی. • (vâšington d.c.)

fa-proper noun

واشینگتن دی.سی. • (vâšington d.c.)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

fa:واشینگتن دی.سی.


سودان

head

سودان • (sudân)

fa-proper noun

سودان • (sudân)

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


شاخ آفریقا

head

شاخ آفریقا • (šâx-e âfriqâ)

fa-proper noun

شاخ آفریقا • (šâx-e âfriqâ)

[ʃɑː.xi ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]

[ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]

[ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]

[ʃɑː.xɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑː]

[ʃɒː.xe ʔɒːf.ɹiː.ʁɒː]

fa:شاخ آفریقا


جاپان

head

جاپان • (jâpân)

fa-proper noun

جاپان • (jâpân)

[d͡ʒɑː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɑː.pʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒɔː.pʰɔ́ːn]

Borrowed from English Japan. Either directly from English or via Pashto and Urdu جاپان (jāpān).

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


میانمار

head

میانمار • (myânmâr)

fa-proper noun

میانمار • (myânmâr)


بحرین

uder

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


غنا

head

غنا • (ğanâ)

fa-proper noun

غنا • (ğanâ)


فیلیپین

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


جامائیکا

head

جامائیکا • (jâmâ'ikâ)

fa-proper noun

جامائیکا • (jâmâ'ikâ)

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


پاکستانی

fa-adj

پاکِستانی • (pâkestâni)

پاکِستانی (canonical)
pâkestâni (romanization)

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɒː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒː.níː]

From پاکستان (pâkestân) + ـی (-i, suffix forming adjectives).

af

ـی
<id:adjective><pos:suffix forming adjectives>


پاکستانی

head

پاکستانی • (pâkestâni) (plural پاکستانیها (pâkestâni-hâ))

pâkestâni (romanization)
پاکستانیها (plural)

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɑː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑː.níː]

[pʰɒː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒː.níː]


بوسنی و هرزگوین

بوسنی و هِرزِگوین

بوسنی و هِرزِگوین • (bosni o herzegovin)

fa-proper noun

بوسنی و هِرزِگوین

بوسنی و هِرزِگوین (canonical)
bosni o herzegovin (romanization)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

(Iran) Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


اروگوئه

(Iran) Uruguay (a country in South America)


پاراگوئه

head

پاراگوئه • (pârâgu'e)

fa-proper noun

پاراگوئه • (pârâgu'e)


پرتغال

head

پرتغال • (portoğâl)

fa-proper noun

پرتغال • (portoğâl)

[pʰoɹ.t̪ʰo.ɢɒ́ːl̥]


آلاسکا

head

آلاسکا • (âlâskâ)

fa-proper noun

آلاسکا • (âlâskâ)


هاوائی

head

هاوائی • (hâvâ'i)

fa-proper noun

هاوائی • (hâvâ'i)


تگزاسی

fa-adj

تگزاسی • (tegzâsi)


اتحادیه اروپا

head

اِتِّحادِیِهٔ اُروپا

اِتِّحادِیِهٔ اُروپا • (ettehâdiye-ye orupâ)

fa-proper noun

اِتِّحادِیِهٔ اُروپا

اِتِّحادِیِهٔ اُروپا (canonical)
ettehâdiye-ye orupâ (romanization)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː.d̪i.jä.jɪ ʔʊ.ɾuː.pʰɑː]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː.d̪i.jä.jɪ ʔʊ.ɾuː.pʰɑː]

Fa-اتحادیه اروپا.ogg


سودان جنوبی

head

سودانِ جُنوبی

سودانِ جُنوبی • (sudân-e jonubi)

fa-proper noun

سودانِ جُنوبی

سودانِ جُنوبی • (sudân-e jonubi)

سودانِ جُنوبی (canonical)
sudân-e jonubi (romanization)

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


شیلی

head

شیلی • (šili)

fa-proper noun

شیلی • (šili)


اکوادور

head

اکوادور • (ekvâdor)

fa-proper noun

اکوادور • (ekvâdor)


گویان

head

گویان • (guyân)

fa-proper noun

گویان • (guyân)

[ɡ̥uː.jɒ́ːn]


سورینام

head

سورینام • (surinâm)

fa-proper noun

سورینام • (surinâm)


اتیوپی

Borrowed from French Éthiopie, from Latin Ethiopia, from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía).

(Iran) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


آلاباما

head

آلاباما • (âlâbâmâ)

fa-proper noun

آلاباما • (âlâbâmâ)


فلوریدا

head

فلوریدا • (feloridâ)

fa-proper noun

فلوریدا • (feloridâ)


کالیفرنیا

head

کالیفرنیا • (kâliforniyâ)

fa-proper noun

کالیفرنیا • (kâliforniyâ)

California (a state of the United States)

fa:کالیفرنیا


واشنگتن

head

واشنگتن • (vâšengton)

fa-proper noun

واشنگتن • (vâšengton)

[vɒː.ʃeɲɡʲ.t̪ʰón]

[vä.ʃiŋɡ.t̪ʰɔ́n]

Washington (a state of the United States)


اوکراین

head

اوکْرایْن • (okrâyn)

fa-proper noun

اوکْرایْن • (okrâyn)

اوکْرایْن (canonical)
okrâyn (romanization)

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


بلاروس

head

بلاروس • (belârus)

fa-proper noun

بلاروس • (belârus)


کبک

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


تورنتو

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada, and largest city in Canada)


الجزایر

head

اَلجَزایِر • (aljazâyer)

fa-proper noun

اَلجَزایِر • (aljazâyer)

اَلجَزایِر (canonical)
aljazâyer (romanization)

[ʔäl.d͡ʒä.zɑː.jɪ́ɾ]

[ʔäl.d͡ʒä.zɑː.jɪ́ɾ]

[ʔäl.d͡ʒä.zɑː.jɪ́ɾ]

[ʔäl.d͡ʒä.zɔː.jíɾ]

[ʔæl.d͡ʒæ.zɒː.jéɹ]

Borrowed from Arabic الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).


آندورا

head

آندورا • (ândorâ)

fa-proper noun

آندورا • (ândorâ)

[ʔɒːn̪.d̪o.ɹɒ́ː]

(Iran) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


آنگولا

head

آنگولا • (ângulâ)

fa-proper noun

آنگولا • (ângulâ)

[ʔɑːn.ɡuː.lɑː]

[ʔɑːŋ.ɡuː.lɑː]

[ʔɑːŋ.ɡuː.lɑː]

[ʔɑːŋ.ɡuː.lɑː]

[ʔɔːŋ.ɡu.lɔː]

[ʔɒːŋ.ɡuː.lɒː]


قرقیزستان

head

قِرْقیزِسْتان

قِرْقیزِسْتان • (qerqizestân)

fa-proper noun

قِرْقیزِسْتان

قِرْقیزِسْتان • (qerqizestân)

قِرْقیزِسْتان (canonical)
qerqizestân (romanization)

From قرقیز + ـستان.

af

قرقیز + ـستان

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia; capital: Bishkek)


سری‌لانکا

head

سِریلانْکا • (seri-lânkâ)

fa-proper noun

سِریلانْکا • (seri-lânkâ)

سِریلانْکا (canonical)
seri-lânkâ (romanization)

[sɪ.ɾiː.lɑːŋ.kʰɑ́ː]

[sɪ.ɾiː.lɑːŋ.kʰɑ́ː]

[sɪ.ɾiː.lɑːŋ.kʰɑ́ː]

Sri Lanka (a country and island in South Asia; capital: Colombo)


مالی

head

مالی • (mâli)

fa-proper noun

مالی • (mâli)


نیجریه

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


ساحل عاج

head

ساحل عاج • (sâhel-e 'âj)

fa-proper noun

ساحل عاج • (sâhel-e 'âj)

[sɑː.ɦɪ́.lɪ ʔɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[sɑː.ɦɪ́.lɪ ʔɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[sɑː.jɪ́.lɪ ʔɑ́ːd͡ʒ]

[sɔː.jí.li ʔɔ́ːd͡ʒ̥]

[sɒː.ɦé.le ʔɒ́ːd͡ʒ̥]

[sɔ.ɦí.li ʔɔ́d͡ʒ]

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی

head

جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی

جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی • (jomhuri-ye âfriqâ-ye markazi)

fa-proper noun

جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی

jomhuri-ye âfriqâ-ye markazi (romanization)

[d͡ʒʊm.huː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː.jɪ mäɾ.kʰä.zíː]

[d͡ʒʊ.muː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː.jɪ mäɾ.kʰä.zíː]

[d͡ʒu.mu.ɾí.ji ʔɔːf.ɾi.qɔ́ː.ji mäɾ.kʰä.zí]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je ʔɒːf.ɹiː.ʁɒ́ː.je mæɹ.kʰʲæ.zíː]

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Central African Republic (a country in Africa)

fa:جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی

en-جمهوری_آفریقای_مرکزی-fa-name-jDI-qXUn


رواندا

head

رواندا • (ravândâ)

fa-proper noun

رواندا • (ravândâ)

[rä.wɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ː]

[rä.wɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ː]

[rä.wɑːn̪.d̪ɑ́ː]

[rä.wɔːn̪.d̪ɔ́ː]

[ɹæ.vɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ː]


ترکمنستان

[t̪ʰoɾkʲæmænesˈt̪ʰɒːn]

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)

fa:ترکمنستان


مولداوی

head

مولداوی • (moldâvi)

fa-proper noun

مولداوی • (moldâvi)

Borrowed from French Moldavie, from Latin Moldavia.


استونی

head

اِستونی • (estoni)

fa-proper noun

اِستونی • (estoni)

اِستونی (canonical)
estoni (romanization)

Estonia (a country in Eastern Europe; capital: Tallinn)


لتونی

لِتونی (canonical)
letoni (romanization)

Latvia (a country in Eastern Europe; capital: Riga)


لیتوانی

head

لیتوانی • (litvâni)

Lithuania (a country in Eastern Europe; capital: Vilnius)


بنگلادش

بَنْگِلادِش • (banglâdeš)

fa-proper noun

بَنْگِلادِش • (banglâdeš)

بَنْگِلادِش (canonical)
banglâdeš (romanization)

[bäŋɡ.lɑː.d̪ɪ́ʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lɑː.d̪ɪ́ʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lɑː.d̪ɪ́ʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lɔː.d̪íʃ]

[bæŋɡʲ.lɒː.d̪éʃ]


بلغارستان

head

بُلغارِستان • (bolğârestân)

fa-proper noun

بُلغارِستان • (bolğârestân)

بُلغارِستان (canonical)
bolğârestân (romanization)

[bʊl.ɣɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[bʊl.ɣɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[bʊl.ɣɑː.ɾɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From بلغار + ـستان.

af

بلغار + ـستان

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


سوئیس

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


اسلوونی

head

اِسلووِنی • (esloveni)

fa-proper noun

اِسلووِنی • (esloveni)

اِسلووِنی (canonical)
esloveni (romanization)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


بوتان

head

بوتان • (butân)

fa-proper noun

بوتان • (butân)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


لو

Northwestern Iranian variant of لب (lab, “lip”), see it.


آفریقای جنوبی

head

آفْریقایِ جُنوبی

آفْریقایِ جُنوبی • (âfriqâ-ye jonubi)

fa-proper noun

آفْریقایِ جُنوبی

آفْریقایِ جُنوبی • (âfriqâ-ye jonubi)

آفْریقایِ جُنوبی (canonical)
âfriqâ-ye jonubi (romanization)

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː.jɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː.jɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]

[ʔɑːf.ɾiː.qɑ́ː.jɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]


ایالت

head

ایالت • (eyâlat) (plural ایالات (eyâlât))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इयालत (iyālat)

Urdu: اِیالَت (iyālat)

eyalet (administrative division of the Ottoman Empire)


خوارزم

خوارزم • (xwârazm)

fa-proper noun

خوارزم • (xwârazm)

→ Arabic: خَوَارِزْم (ḵawārizm)

→ Armenian: Խորեզմ (Xorezm)

→ Azerbaijani: Xarəzm

→ English: Khwarazm

→ Kazakh: Хорезм (Xorezm)

→ Russian: Хоре́зм (Xorézm)

→ Turkish: Harezm

→ Turkmen: Horezm

→ Uzbek: Xorazm

From Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰuvārazmī-/). More at Khwarazm.

der

خیزید و خز آرید که هنگام خزان است
باد خنک از جانب خوارزم وزان است
xêzêd u xaz ârêd ki hangâm-i xazân ast

bâd-i xunak az jânib-i xwârazm vazân ast


پرتگالی

head

پرتگالی • (purtağâlî)

fa-proper noun

پرتگالی • (purtağâlî)

[pʰʊɾ.t̪ʰä.ɡɑː.liː]

From پرتگال.


پرتگاه

head

پرتگاه • (partgâh) (plural پرتگاهها (partgâh-hâ))

partgâh (romanization)
پرتگاهها (plural)

[pʰæɾtˈɡ͡ɣɒːh]

لبهٔ پرتگاه

سمند تو زی پرتگاه از چه پوید
 ببین تا بدست که دادی عنان را

1941, Parvin E'tesami, Divan, qaside #3:

samand-e to zi partgâh az če puyad
 bebin tâ be-dast-e ke dâdi enân râ


روم

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.

روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome

(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)

آناتولی آناتولی#Persian

(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)


برزخ

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْزَخ (barzaḵ), from Parthian *bwrz-ʾxw (/burz-axw/), from Parthian bwrz (/burz/, “high”) + ʾxw (/axw/, “world”).


دماوند

From Middle Persian dmbʾwnd (dumbāwand).

der

Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to release”)


هرمز

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣 (Ōhrmazd, Hormozd). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭌𐭆𐭃 (ʾḥwrmzd).

inh

planets of the Solar System: سیارههای منظومه شمسی: تیر · ناهید · زمین · مریخ · مشتری · زحل · اورانوس · نپتون [edit]

The strait that connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.


هامون

head

هامون • (hâmun)

fa-proper noun

هامون • (hâmun)

From Middle Persian hʾmwn' (hāmōn, “level, flat”).


دانوب

head

دانوب • (dânub)

fa-proper noun

دانوب • (dânub)


راجستان

head

راجستان • (râjastân)

fa-proper noun

راجستان • (râjastân)

[rɑː.d͡ʒäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[rɑː.d͡ʒäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[rɑː.d͡ʒäs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[rɔː.d͡ʒäs.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ɹɒː.d͡ʒæs.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Rajasthan (a state in northwestern India, created in 1949 and replacing the former province of Rajputana)


گجرات

→ Arabic: كُجَرَات (kujarāt)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: گجرات (Gücerât)
Turkish: Gücerat
→ French: Gudjérat
→ Italian: Gugerat
→ Russian: Гуджера́т (Gudžerát)

→ Tatar: Гөҗәрат (Göcärat)

→ Turkmen: Güjerat

→ Uzbek: Gujarot

[ɡʊ.d͡ʒä.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ɡʊ.d͡ʒä.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ɡʊ.d͡ʒä.ɾɑ́ːt̪]

[ɡu.d͡ʒä.ɾɔ́ːt̪]

[ɡ̥o.d͡ʒæ.ɹɒ́ːt̪]

[ɡu.d͡ʒä.ɾɔ́t̪]


آسام

head

آسام • (âsâm)

fa-proper noun

آسام • (âsâm)


بنگال

head

بَنْگَال • (bangâl)

fa-proper noun

بَنْگَال • (bangâl)

بَنْگَال (canonical)
bangâl (romanization)

[bäŋ.ɡɔ́ːl̥]

[bæŋ.ɡɒ́ːl̥]

[beŋ.ɡɒ́ːl̥]

Borrowed from Middle Bengali বাঙ্গালা (baṅgala), said to be named after the Vanga Kingdom, of uncertain ultimate origin. Suggestions include a connection to Sanskrit वङ्ग (vaṅga, “tin”), a borrowing from the Dravidian tribe *Bong with the suffix അളം (aḷaṁ, “place”), or from Tibetan བནས (bans, “marshy place”). More at Bengal.

bor+

Bengal (a region in the northeast of South Asia, today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).)


برلین

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


سنگاپور

head

سنگاپور • (sangâpur)

fa-proper noun

سنگاپور • (sangâpur)

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[siŋ.ɡɔː.pʰúɾ]

[sæŋ.ɡɒː.pʰúːɹ]

In the case of Iranian Persian, borrowed from French Singapour. In the case of Dari, borrowed from English Singapore. Both are ultimately from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhapura).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


گرگان

head

گرگان • (gorgân)

fa-proper noun

گرگان • (gorgân)

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 (Gurgān), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (Varkāna), from Proto-Iranian *wr̥kāna- (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬥𐬀 (Vəhrkāna)).
Equivalent to گرگ (gorg, “wolf”) + suffix.
Borrowed into Ancient Greek as Ὑρκᾱνίᾱ (Hurkāníā).

Gorgan, city in Golestan Province of Iran


کره جنوبی

head

کُرِهٔ جُنوبی

fa-proper noun

کُرِهٔ جُنوبی

کُرِهٔ جُنوبی (canonical)
kore-ye jonubi (romanization)

fa:کره جنوبی


کره شمالی

head

کُرِهٔ شُمالی

کُرِهٔ شُمالی • (kore-ye šomâli)

fa-proper noun

کُرِهٔ شُمالی

کُرِهٔ شُمالی • (kore-ye šomâli)

کُرِهٔ شُمالی (canonical)
kore-ye šomâli (romanization)


مرغاب

head

مرغاب • (morğâb)

fa-noun

مرغاب • (morğâb)

[muɾ.ɣɔ́ːb̥]

[moɹ.ɢɒ́ːb̥]


میامی

head

میامی • (miyâmi)

fa-proper noun

میامی • (miyâmi)

Miami (a city in Florida, United States)


تالاب

head

تالاب • (tâlâb) (plural تالابها (tâlâb-hâ))

[t̪ʰɑː.lɑ́ːb]

[t̪ʰɒː.lɒ́ːb̥]

From تال (tâl, “pond”, from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)) + آب (āb, “water”).

af

تال
<t:pond><pos:from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)>


فغفور

head

فغفور • (fağfur)

fa-noun

فغفور • (fağfur)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼱𐼲𐼾𐼰𐼴𐽀 (βɣpʾwr /βaγpūr/); see there for further information.


عاصی

head

عاصی • ('âsi)

fa-proper noun

عاصی • ('âsi)

From Arabic عَاصِي (ʕāṣī, “sinner; Asi/Orontes river”).

uder

1045-1052, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
و از آنجا به شهر حمات شدیم، شهری خوشی و آبادان بر لب آب عاصی و این آب را از آن سبب عاصی گویند که به جانب روم میرود، یعنی، چون از بلاد اسلام به بلاد کفر میرود، عاصی است و بر آب دولاب های بسیار ساخته اند.
wa az ānjā ba šahr-i hamāt šudēm, šahrē xwaš u ābādān bar lab-i āb-i āsī. wa īn āb rā az ān sabab "āsī" gōyand ki ba jānib-i rōm mē-rawad; ya'nī, čūn az bilād-i Islām ba bilād-i kufr mē-rawad, āsī ast, wa bar āb dolāb-hāyi basyār sāxta-and.

and from there we went to city of Hama, a pleasant and inhabited place near the Asi [Sinful] River. And this river is called "sinful" because it is flowing toward Rome [Byzantine Empire], that is to say, since it is going from the lands of Islam to the lands of kufr, it is "sinful", and over [the] river they have built many Persian wheels.


سند

→ Arabic: السِّنْد (as-sind)

→ English: Sind

Indus (a major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea)


سنار

head

سنار • (sanâr)

fa-noun

سنار • (sanâr)

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (snʾr /snār/, “shallow, mudbank”).


مکزیک

head

مِکْزیک • (mekzik)

fa-proper noun

مِکْزیک • (mekzik)

مِکْزیک (canonical)
mekzik (romanization)

(Iran) Mexico (a country in North America)


وین

(Iran) Vienna (the capital city of Austria)


ابولا

head

ابولا • (ebolâ)

fa-proper noun

ابولا • (ebolâ)

رودخانه ابولا

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Ebola (a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


لیورپول

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


کنر

Kunar (a river in Afghanistan and Pakistan)

Kunar (a valley in Afghanistan and Pakistan)

ولایت کنر ― velâyat-e konar ― the province of Kunar, Kunar Province


لوگر

Logar (a river in Logar province)
Logar (a province of Afghanistan)

وِلَایَتِ لوگَر ― wilāyat-i lōgar ― the province of Logar, Logar Province


اتحاد شوروی

head

اِتِّحادِ شورَوی

اِتِّحادِ شورَوی • (ettehâd-e šuravi)

fa-proper noun

اِتِّحادِ شورَوی

اِتِّحادِ شورَوی • (ettehâd-e šuravi)

اِتِّحادِ شورَوی (canonical)
ettehâd-e šuravi (romanization)

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː.d̪ɪ ʃuː.ɾä.wiː]

[ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰe̞.ɦɑː.d̪ɪ ʃuː.ɾä.wiː]

(history) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


ایالات متحده

head

ایالات متحده

fa-proper noun

ایالات متحده

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ]

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ]

[ʔi.jɑː.lɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.jɪ.d̪ǽ]

United States (a country in North America)


منطقه یورو

mantaqe-ye yuro (romanization)
yoro (romanization)

کشورهای منطقه یورو ― kešvar-hâ-ye mantaqe-ye yuro ― Eurozone countries

fa:منطقه یورو


لائوس

head

لائوس • (lâ'us)

fa-proper noun

لائوس • (lâ'us)


کانال مانش

head

کانال مانش • (kânâl-e mânš)

fa-proper noun

کانال مانش • (kânâl-e mânš)

fa:کانال مانش


مالت

head

مالت • (mâlt)

fa-proper noun

مالت • (mâlt)

Borrowed from French Malte. Doublet of مالته (mālta, “orange”).

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


داس و چکش

head

داس و چکش • (dâs-o-čakoš)

fa-noun

داس و چکش • (dâs-o-čakoš)

fa:داس و چکش


جمهوری خلق چین

head

جمهوری خلق چین • (jomhuri-ye xalq-e čin)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia; capital: Beijing)


کاخ باکینگهام

کاخ باکینگهام • (kâx-e bâkinghâm)

fa-proper noun

کاخ باکینگهام • (kâx-e bâkinghâm)

Buckingham Palace (the London residence and principal workplace of the monarchy of the United Kingdom)

fa:کاخ باکینگهام


پاناما

head

پاناما • (pânâmâ)

fa-proper noun

پاناما • (pânâmâ)


اقیانوس آرام

head

اُقْیانوسِ آرام

اُقْیانوسِ آرام • (oqyânus-e ârâm)

fa-proper noun

اُقْیانوسِ آرام

اُقْیانوسِ آرام • (oqyânus-e ârâm)

اُقْیانوسِ آرام (canonical)
oqyânus-e ârâm (romanization)

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔoʁ.jɒː.núː.se ʔɒː.ɹɒːm]

Calque of English Pacific Ocean, from اقیانوس (oqyânus, “ocean”) + آرام (ârâm, “calm”), literally “ocean of calm”.


نیل

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नील (nīl)

Urdu: نِیل (nīl)

→ Punjabi: ਨੀਲ (nīl), نیل (nīl)

رود نیل

رودخانه نیل


دریای مرده

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

From دریا (daryâ, “sea”) + مرده (morde, “dead”), a calque of Arabic الْبَحْر الْمَيِّت (al-baḥr al-mayyit).

cal

الْبَحْر الْمَيِّت

Dead Sea (a lake in the Middle East in Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth)


مالزی

head

مالزی • (mâlezi)

fa-proper noun

مالزی • (mâlezi)

(Iran) Malaysia (a country in Southeast Asia)


فرات

head

فرات • (forât)

fa-proper noun

فرات • (forât)

→ Azerbaijani: Fərat

→ Bengali: ফোরাত (phōrat)

→ Hindi: फ़रात (farāt)

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਾਤ (farāt)

Borrowed from Arabic الْفُرَات (al-furāt).

bor+

Euphrates (a river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf)


دجله

→ Azerbaijani: Dəclə

→ Bengali: দজলা (dojola)

→ Hindi: दजला (dajlā)

→ Punjabi: ਦਜਲਾ (dajlā)

→ Tatar: Diclä

→ Ottoman Turkish: دجله (Dicle)

Turkish: Dicle

→ Uzbek: Dajla


تورفان

head

تورفان • (turfân)

fa-proper noun

تورفان • (turfân)


جرمنی

Borrowed from Hindustani جرمنی / जर्मनी (jarmanī), from English Germany.

(now less common) Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


نیویورک

head

نْیویورک • (nyuyork)

fa-proper noun

نْیویورک • (nyuyork)

نْیویورک (canonical)
nyuyork (romanization)

New York (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)


دهلی

head

دِهْلی • (dehli)

fa-proper noun

دِهْلی • (dehli)

→ Arabic: دِهْلِي (dihlī)

→ Ottoman Turkish: دهلی (Dihli)

desctree

→ Urdu: دہلی (dihlī)
→ Arabic: دِهْلِي (dihlī)
→ English: Delhi
→ Arabic: دِلْهِي (dilhī)
→ Chinese: 德里 (Délǐ)
→ Greek: Δελχί (Delchí)
→ Hebrew: דֵלְהִי (delhī)
→ Japanese: デリー (Derī)
→ Turkish: Delhi
→ Kannada: ದೆಹಲಿ (dehali)

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)

حضرت دهلی

Delhi the Sacred; a title used when referring to the city


لیختن‌اشتاین

head

لیختناشتاین • (lixten-eštâyn)

fa-proper noun

لیختناشتاین • (lixten-eštâyn)

لیختناشتاین (canonical)
lixten-eštâyn (romanization)

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


امارات متحده عربی

head

اِماراتِ مُتَّحِدِهٔ عَرَبی

اِماراتِ مُتَّحِدِهٔ عَرَبی • (emârât-e mottahede-ye 'arabi)

fa-proper noun

اِماراتِ مُتَّحِدِهٔ عَرَبی

اِماراتِ مُتَّحِدِهٔ عَرَبی (canonical)
emârât-e mottahede-ye 'arabi (romanization)

[ʔɪ.mɑː.ɾɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.ɦɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔä.ɾä.bíː]

[ʔɪ.mɑː.ɾɑ́ː.t̪ʰɪ mʊt̪.t̪ʰä.jɪ.d̪ǽ.jɪ ʔä.ɾä.bíː]

[ʔi.mɔː.ɾɔ́ː.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ji.d̪ǽ.ji ʔä.ɾä.bí]

[ʔe.mɒː.ɹɒ́ː.t̪ʰe mot̪.t̪ʰæ.ɦe.ˈd̪e.je ʔæ.ɹæ.bíː]

[ʔi.mɔ.ɾɔ́.t̪ʰi mut̪.t̪ʰä.ɦi.d̪ǽ.ji ʔä.ɾä.bí]

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ورشو

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

(chiefly Iran) Warsaw (the capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship)


حوض

اندر ساحت مسجد سنگی بزرگ نهاده و حوضی سنگین مدور، عظیم بزرگ، بر سر آن نهاده.

A large stone is placed in the courtyard of this mosque, and a spherical water basin of stone, large and grand, is placed on top of that.

andar sāhat-i masjid sangē buzurg nihadā u hawzē sangēn mudawwar, azīm buzurg, bar sar-i ān nihāda.


اندونزی

head

اَندونِزی • (andonezi)

fa-proper noun

اَندونِزی • (andonezi)

اَندونِزی (canonical)
andonezi (romanization)

Indonesia (a country in Southeast Asia; capital: Jakarta)


کاخ وست‌مینستر

کاخ وستمینستر (canonical)
kâx-e vest-minster (romanization)

Palace of Westminster
Palace of Westminster

fa:کاخ وست‌مینستر


وست‌مینستر

وستمینستر (canonical)
vest-minster (romanization)

پل وستمینستر

fa:وست‌مینستر


بارسات

head

بارسات • (bârsât)

fa-noun

بارسات • (bârsât)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بارسات (barsat)

[bɑːɾ.sɑːt̪]

[bɑːɾ.sɑːt̪]

[bɑːɾ.sɑːt̪]

[bɔːɾ.sɔːt̪]

[bɒːɹ.sɒːt̪]

Borrowed from Hindustani برسات / बरसात (barsāt), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (vāsāratti), from Sanskrit वर्षारात्रि (varṣārātri).


مونته‌نگرو

مونتهنگرو (canonical)
monte-negro (romanization)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

fa:مونته‌نگرو


گواتمالا

head

گواتمالا • (guâtemâlâ)

fa-proper noun

گواتمالا • (guâtemâlâ)

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


هائیتی

head

هائیتی • (hâ'iti)

fa-proper noun

هائیتی • (hâ'iti)


هندوراس

head

هندوراس • (hondurâs)

fa-proper noun

هندوراس • (hondurâs)


نیکاراگوئه

head

نیکاراگوئه • (nikârâgu'e)

fa-proper noun

نیکاراگوئه • (nikârâgu'e)

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)

fa:نیکاراگوئه


السالوادور

head

السالوادور • (elsâlvâdor)

fa-proper noun

السالوادور • (elsâlvâdor)

El Salvador (a country in Central America)

fa:السالوادور


کاستاریکا

head

کاستاریکا • (kâstârikâ)

fa-proper noun

کاستاریکا • (kâstârikâ)

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)

fa:کاستاریکا


موناکو

head

موناکو • (monâko)

fa-proper noun

موناکو • (monâko)


سن مارینو

head

سن مارینو • (san mârino)

fa-proper noun

سن مارینو • (san mârino)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)

fa:سن مارینو


سوازیلند

suâziland (romanization)
sevâziland (romanization)

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


سیشل

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


صحرای غربی

head

صَحْرایِ غَرْبی

صَحْرایِ غَرْبی • (sahrâ-ye ğarbi)

fa-proper noun

صَحْرایِ غَرْبی

صَحْرایِ غَرْبی • (sahrâ-ye ğarbi)

صَحْرایِ غَرْبی (canonical)
sahrâ-ye ğarbi (romanization)

[säɦ.ɾɑ́ː.jɪ ɣäɾ.bíː]

[säɦ.ɾɑ́ː.jɪ ɣäɾ.bíː]

[sɑː.ɾɑ́ː.jɪ ɣäɾ.bíː]

[sɔː.ɾɔ́ː.ji ɣäɾ.bí]

[sæɦ.ɹɒ́ː.je qæɹ.bíː]

[säɦ.ɾɔ́.ji ʁäɾ.bí]

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


کاپ ورد

head

کاپ ورد • (kâp verd)

fa-proper noun

کاپ ورد • (kâp verd)

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


کومور

head

کومور • (kômôr)

fa-proper noun

کومور • (kômôr)

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


موریس

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


گینه بیسائو

head

گینه بیسائو • (gine bisâ'u)

fa-proper noun

گینه بیسائو • (gine bisâ'u)

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)

fa:گینه بیسائو


گابن

head

گابن • (gâbon)

fa-proper noun

گابن • (gâbon)


لسوتو

head

لسوتو • (lesôtô)

fa-proper noun

لسوتو • (lesôtô)


جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو

head

جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو • (jomhuri-ye demokrâtik-e kongo)

jomhuri-ye demokrâtik-e kongo (romanization)

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je d̪e.muːkʲ.ɹɒː.t̪ʰíː.kʰʲe kʰoŋ.ɡó]

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)

en-جمهوری_دموکراتیک_کنگو-fa-name-F32FmYUc


تانزانیا

تانزانیا • (tânzânyâ)

fa-proper noun

تانزانیا • (tânzânyâ)

[tɒːnzɒːnˈjɒː]


موزامبیک

head

موزامبیک • (muzâmbik)

fa-proper noun

موزامبیک • (muzâmbik)

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


کامرون

head

کامِرون or کامَرُون • (kâmerun or kāmarûn)

کامِرون (canonical)
کامَرُون (canonical)
kâmerun (romanization)
kāmarûn (romanization)

[kʰɑː.mä.ɾúːn]

[kʰɑː.mä.ɾúːn]

[kʰɑː.mä.ɾúːn]


بورکینافاسو

بورکینافاسو • (borkinâfâso)

fa-proper noun

بورکینافاسو • (borkinâfâso)

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)

fa:بورکینافاسو


مالاوی

head

مالاوی • (mâlâvi)

fa-proper noun

مالاوی • (mâlâvi)

[mɒːlɒːˈviː]


زیمبابوه

head

زیمبابوه • (zimbâbve)

fa-proper noun

زیمبابوه • (zimbâbve)

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


بنین

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


اریتره

Borrowed from French Érythrée, from Latin Erythraea, from Ancient Greek Ἐρῠθραίᾱ (Erŭthraíā).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


سیرالئون

head

سیرالئون • (seyerâle'ôn)

fa-proper noun

سیرالئون • (seyerâle'ôn)

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


مالدیو

head

مالدیو • (mâldiv)

fa-proper noun

مالدیو • (mâldiv)

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


سائوتومه و پرنسیپ

head

سائوتومه و پرنسیپ • (sâ'utume vo paransip)

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


توکیو

[t̪ʰʊːk.jʊ́ː]

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


توران

توران • (turân)

fa-proper noun

توران • (turân)

[t̪ʰuː.ɾɑːn]

[t̪ʰuː.ɾɑːn]

[t̪ʰuː.ɾɑːn]

[t̪ʰuː.ɹɒːn]

"Son of Tur," whose name is of uncertain origin; possibly from تور (“brave”). The name is attested in the Avesta as 𐬙𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (tūⁱriia), drawing comparisons to Sanskrit तुरीय (turīya, “fourth”).

(historical) Turan (a region of Central Asia, originally populated by Iranian Central Asian nomads; later, Iranians came to identify Turkic neighbours as Turanians)


آسیای غربی

head

آسیای غربی • (âsiyâ-ye ğarbi)

fa-proper noun

آسیای غربی • (âsiyâ-ye ğarbi)

Holonym: آسیا (âsiyâ)

fa:آسیای غربی


ورکانه

head

ورکانه • (varkâne)

fa-proper noun

ورکانه • (varkâne)

From Old Iranian *Varkānaka-, from Proto-Iranian *wr̥kāna-. Compare Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (Varkāna).

Varkaneh, village in Hamadan province of Iran


آبشینه

head

آبشینه • (âbšine)

fa-proper noun

آبشینه • (âbšine)

Western Middle Iranian *āp-šēnag, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *āp- + *xšaina- + *-ka-. For the first component, compare Old Persian [Term?] (/āpi/, “water”). For the second component, compare Old Persian [Term?] (/axšaina-/, “dark blue”), Old Persian *xšaina- (“shiny”)
Literally meaning "where the water shines". The place is located on the foot of the northern valleys of Alvand mountains.

cog

Abshineh, village in Hamadan province of Iran


مریانج

From Middle Persian *margānag, from Old Persian *margā + [Term?] (/-ānag/); compare Middle Persian [script needed] (mlw' /marw/, “plant”), Parthian [script needed] (mrg /marγ/, “prairie”), Sogdian [script needed] (mrg /marγ/, “prairie”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀 (mar^əγa, “plant”), Persian مرغ (marğ, “plant”).
The variant مریانه (maryâne) (Hamadan dialect) is influenced by Middle Persian. The variant مرگانه (margâne) (Maryanaj dialect) is an older form influenced by Northwestern Middle Iranian languages.

Maryanaj, city in Hamadan province of Iran


سیلان

head

سیلان • (seylân)

desc

→ Armenian: սեյլան (seylan, “garnet”), սելյան (selyan), սելան (selan), սիլան (silan), սէյլան (sēylan), սէլեան (sēlean), սէլան (sēlan) — traditional orthography

→ Georgian: სეილანი (seilani)

→ Old French: Seilan

French: Ceylan

→ Portuguese: Ceilão

→ English: Ceylon

→ Spanish: Ceylán

→ Ottoman Turkish: سیلان (Seylan, “Ceylon”), سیلان تاشی (Seylan taşı, “garnet”)

Turkish: Seylan, Seylan taşı

→ Tatar: сәйлән (säylän)

→ Malay: Sailan, selan

Ultimately from Pali sīhaḷa, from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala).


لداخ

head

لداخ • (ladâx)

fa-proper noun

لداخ • (ladâx)

→ English: Ladakh

→ Punjabi: لداخ (ldāx), ਲੱਦਾਖ਼ (laddāx)

→ Urdu: لداخ (laddāx)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).

Ladakh (a union territory in northern India; capital: Leh and Kargil)


برلن

(obsolete) Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


اندلس

Borrowed from Arabic الْأَنْدَلُس (al-ʔandalus).

bor+

الْأَنْدَلُس

autonomous community
autonomous community

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


لای

The stem of لائیدن (lâ'idan), لاییدن (lâyidan), better known as نالیدن (nâlidan, “to talk idly; to complain, to talk snappishly; to moan, to groan, to whimper”).


مقدونیه شمالی

head

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی • (mağduniye-ye šomâli)

fa-proper noun

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی (canonical)
mağduniye-ye šomâli (romanization)

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


تاجکستان

head

تاجِکِسْتان • (tājikistān)

fa-proper noun

تاجِکِسْتان • (tājikistān)

تاجِکِسْتان (canonical)
tājikistān (romanization)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From تاجک (tâjik, “Tajik”) + ـستان (stân).

(Dari) Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia)


نیپال

head

نیپال • (nêpâl)

fa-proper noun

نیپال • (nêpâl)

Borrowed from Urdu نیپال (nepāl), from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


سورت

fa:سورت (گجرات)


چناب

head

چناب • (čanâb)

fa-proper noun

چناب • (čanâb)

→ Azerbaijani: Çənab

→ Chagatai: چَناب

Uyghur: چەناب (chenab)

Uzbek: Chanob

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चनाब (canāb)

Urdu: چَناب (canāb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چَناب (Çenab)

Turkish: Çenab

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)

Punjabi: چَناب (canāb)

→ Sindhi: چَناب

[t͡ʃa.ˈnɑːβ]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰæ.nɒ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́b]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Persian چناب
Borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā).

etymon

sa>चन्द्रभागा>river


واتیکان

head

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

fa-proper noun

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[vɒː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɒ́ːn]

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


احمدآباد

head

احمدآباد • (ahmad-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

احمدآباد • (ahmad-âbâd)

→ Gujarati: અમદાવાદ (amdāvād)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अहमदाबाद (ahmadābād)

desc

اَحْمَد آباد

Urdu: اَحْمَد آباد (ahmad ābād)

→ Marathi: अहमदाबाद (ahmadābād)

[ʔah.ma.ðɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɔː.mä.d̪ɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔæɦ.mæ.d̪ɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɔ.bɔ́d̪]

Ahmedabad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


آسیای جنوبی

Holonym: آسیا (âsiyâ)

fa:آسیای جنوبی


آسیای شرقی

head

آسیای شرقی • (âsiyâ-ye šarqi)

fa-proper noun

آسیای شرقی • (âsiyâ-ye šarqi)

Holonym: آسیا (âsiyâ)

fa:آسیای شرقی


کلن

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


پرتگال

[pʰʊɾ.t̪ʰä.ɡɑːl]

Borrowed from Urdu پرتگال, from English Portugal, from Portuguese Portugal.


زراه

head

زراه • (zerâh)

fa-noun

زراه • (zerâh)

zerâh (romanization)
زراه (singular)
زراهها، زراها (zirâh-hấ, zirâhấ^△) (colloquial plural)
زراه را، زراه رو (zirâh râ, zirâho^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
زراه (ezafe singular)
زراهی (definite relative singular)
زراهی (indefinite singular stressed)

[zɪ.ɾɑːɦ~zä.ɾɑːʱ]

[zɪ.ɾɑːɦ~zä.ɾɑːʱ]

[zɪ.ɾɑː~.zä.ɾɑː]

[ze.ɹɒːɦ~zæ.ɹɒːʱ]

Inherited from Middle Persian zlyh (zrēh), from Parthian 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫆 (zrēh), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas (“expanse, vastness; ocean”), ultimately derived from the BMAC substrate.
Cognate with Baluchi زرا (zirá), Mazanderani دریو (deryō), Central Kurdish زەریا (zerya), and Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (zraiiah).
Doublet of دَریا (daryâ, “sea; river”), inherited from Old Persian.


منزی

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [Term?], ultimately from Chinese 蠻子／蛮子 (mánzi, “barbarian”).

(historical, obsolete) Song China; after the Mongol conquest, southern China under Yuan rule [12th, 13th centuries]


کوریا

head

کوریا • (kōriyā)

fa-proper noun

کوریا • (kōriyā)

Borrowed from English Korea, from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).
Akin to Pashto and Urdu کوریا (koryā)

(Dari) Korea (A region and peninsula consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)


بنگله‌دیش

head

بنگلهدیش • (bangla-dēš)

fa-proper noun

بنگلهدیش • (bangla-dēš)

بنگلهدیش (canonical)
bangla-dēš (romanization)

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]


مالیزیا

head

مالیزیا • (mālēziyā)

fa-proper noun

مالیزیا • (mālēziyā)


اندونیزیا

indōnīziyā (romanization)
indūnīziyā (romanization)

(Dari) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)

fa:اندونیزیا


مالدیف

head

مالدیف • (mâldif)

fa-proper noun

مالدیف • (mâldif)


چاتگام

head

چاتگام • (čâtgâm)

fa-proper noun

چاتگام • (čâtgâm)

→ Arabic: جَاتْجَام (jātjām)

[t͡ʃɑːt.ˈɡɑːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɔːt̪.ɡɔ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɒːt̪.ɡɒ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɔt̪.ɡɔ́m]


برازیل

brāzīl (romanization)
barāzīl (romanization)

Borrowed from Urdu برازیل, from English Brazil.

(Dari) Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


مصرشناس

head

مصرشناس • (mesr-šenâs)

From مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + شناس (-šenâs).


مصرشناسی

مصرشناسی • (mesr-šenâsi)

From مصر (mesr, “Egypt”) + شناسی (-šenâsi).


کرواسیا

کرواسیا • (kuruwāsiyā)

fa-proper noun

کرواسیا • (kuruwāsiyā)

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


یورگوای

head

یورگوای • (yûragwây)

fa-proper noun

یورگوای • (yûragwây)

[juː.ɾǽˈɡwɑːj]

(Dari) Uruguay (a country in South America)


جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان

head

جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان • (jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye afğânestân)

jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye afğânestân (romanization)

[d͡ʒäm.huː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔäf.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.muː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔäv.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.mu.ɾí.ji ʔis.lɔː.mí.ji ʔäv.ɣɔː.nis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je ʔes.lɒː.mí.je ʔæf.ɢɒː.nes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan#English

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan (a country in Central Asia)

en-جمهوری_اسلامی_افغانستان-fa-name-Na3jiNIX


پاپوآ گینه نو

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو

fa-proper noun

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو (canonical)
pâpu'â gine-ye now (romanization)

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


کولمبیا

head

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

fa-proper noun

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

کولَمْبِیَا (canonical)
kōlambiyā (romanization)

Columbia (a river in the western United States and Canada)

census-designated places
census-designated place

Columbia (numerous cities, towns, unincorporated communities and census-designated places in the United States)


جمهوری تاجیکستان

head

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان • (jomhuri-ye tâjikestân)

fa-proper noun

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان (canonical)
jomhuri-ye tâjikestân (romanization)

[d͡ʒʊm.huː.ɾí.jɪ t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒʊ.muː.ɾí.jɪ t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan#English

Republic of Tajikistan, Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia; capital: Dushanbe)


لوکزامبورگ

head

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

fa-proper noun

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

[luːkʲ.zɒːm.búːɹɡʲ̥]


مکسیکو

head

مَکْسِیکو or مِکْسِیکو • (maksîkô or miksîkô)

مَکْسِیکو (canonical)
مِکْسِیکو (canonical)
maksîkô (romanization)
miksîkô (romanization)

(Dari) Mexico (a country in North America)


اندورا

اندورا • (andōrrā)

fa-proper noun

اندورا • (andōrrā)

(Dari) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


ارجنتاین

arjintāyn (romanization)
arjantāyn (romanization)

[ʔäɾ.d͡ʒiɳ.ʈäjn]

[ʔäɾ.d͡ʒäɳ.ʈäjn]

Borrowed from Urdu ارجنٹائن, from English Argentina.

(Dari) Argentina (a country in South America)


ایتوپیا

head

ایتوپیا • (ītūpiyā)

fa-proper noun

ایتوپیا • (ītūpiyā)

Borrowed from Urdu اِتھوپیا (īthūpiya), from English Ethiopia, from Latin Ethiopia, from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía).

(Dari) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


آلبانیا

head

آلبانیا • (ālbānyā)

fa-proper noun

آلبانیا • (ālbānyā)

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲ.jɑː]

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲ.jɑː]

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲjɑː]

[ʔɔːl.bɔ́ːɲjɔː]

Borrowed from Urdu البانیا (albâniya), from English Albania. Possibly influenced by Iranian Persian آلبانی (âlbâni).


البانیا

head

البانیا • (albāniyā)

fa-proper noun

البانیا • (albāniyā)

آلبانیا آلبانیا#Persian

(Dari) Alternative spelling of آلبانیا: Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


بلجیم

head

بَلجیم • (baljīm)

fa-proper noun

بَلجیم • (baljīm)

بَلجیم (canonical)
baljīm (romanization)

Derived from English Belgium, probably via Pashto بېلجيم and Urdu بیلجیم.

bor

Pashto بېلجيم


بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

head

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا • (bōsniyā u harziguwīnā)

fa-proper noun

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

(Dari) Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


سومالیا

head

سومالیا • (sômâliyâ)

fa-proper noun

سومالیا • (sômâliyâ)

(Dari) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


سلواکیا

head

سلواکیا • (s(i)lôwâkiyâ)

fa-proper noun

سلواکیا • (s(i)lôwâkiyâ)

(Dari) Slovakia (a country in Central Europe; capital: Bratislava)


فدراسیون روسیه

head

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه • (federâsyon-e rusiye)

fa-proper noun

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه (canonical)
federâsyon-e rusiye (romanization)

Russian Federation
Russian Federation#English

Russian Federation (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)


ازبیکستان

head

ازبیکستان • (uzbēkistān)

fa-proper noun

ازبیکستان • (uzbēkistān)

From اُزْبیک (uzbēk) + ـِسْتَان (-istān).

af

اُزْبیک (uzbēk) + ـِسْتَان (-istān)

fa:ازبیکستان


بمبئی

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay)


ممبی

From Urdu مُمبَئی, from Marathi मुंबई (mumbaī).

der

Urdu مُمبَئی


ریو دو ژانیرو

head

ریو دو ژانیرو • (rio du žâniro)

fa-proper noun

ریو دو ژانیرو

ریو دو ژانیرو • (rio du žâniro)

Borrowed from Portuguese Rio de Janeiro.

fa:ریو دو ژانیرو

Rio de Janeiro (a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

Rio de Janeiro (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


انتاریو

head

انتاریو • (ontâriyo)

fa-proper noun

انتاریو • (ontâriyo)

Borrowed from English Ontario, probably from Wyandot ontari꞉io.

Ontario (a province in eastern Canada; capital: Toronto)


نوبه

Borrowed from Arabic النُّوبَة (an-nūba).

wp

نوبه (منطقه)


فلمنک

Ultimately related to Dutch Vlaming (“Fleming”).

(dated) the Netherlands (a country in Europe)


جمهوری دموکراتیک کانگو

head

جمهوری دموکراتیک کانگو • (jumhūrī-yi dimōkrātīk-i kāngō)

jumhūrī-yi dimōkrātīk-i kāngō (romanization)

[d͡ʒʊm.huː.ɾí.jɪ d̪ɪ.moːk.ɾɑː.t̪ʰíː.kʰɪ kʰɑːŋ.ɡóː]

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Africa)

en-جمهوری_دموکراتیک_کانگو-fa-name-CkeJR1Gx


تیمور شرقی

تیمورِ شَرْقی

تیمورِ شَرْقی • (timor-e šarqi)

fa-proper noun

تیمورِ شَرْقی

تیمورِ شَرْقی • (timor-e šarqi)

تیمورِ شَرْقی (canonical)
timor-e šarqi (romanization)

East Timor (a country and island in Southeast Asia; capital: Dili)


آسترالیا

āstrāliyā (romanization)
āstarāliyā (romanization)

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɔːst̪.ɾɔː.lí.jɔː]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.lí.jɔː]


کالیفورنیا

head

کالیفورنیا • (kâlêfôrniyâ)

fa-proper noun

کالیفورنیا • (kâlêfôrniyâ)

California (a state of the United States)

fa:کالیفورنیا


نکبت

the Nakba (the exile of Palestinians in 1948)


شبه جزیره

head

شِبْهِ جَزیرِه

شِبْهِ جَزیرِه • (šebh-e jazire)

fa-noun

شِبْهِ جَزیرِه

شِبْهِ جَزیرِه • (šebh-e jazire)

شِبْهِ جَزیرِه (canonical)
šebh-e jazire (romanization)

[ʃɪ.bɪ d͡ʒä.ziː.ɾä]

Borrowed from Arabic شِبْه جَزِيرَة (šibh jazīra), also analysable as شِبْهِ (šibh-i) + جَزِیرَه (jazīra).

bor+

شِبْه جَزِيرَة

com

شِبْهِ (šibh-i) + جَزِیرَه (jazīra)


تسالونیک

head

تسالونیک • (tesâlonik)

fa-proper noun

تسالونیک • (tesâlonik)

Borrowed from French Thessalonique, from Latin Thessalonīca, from Ancient Greek Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníkē).


لاهه

head

لاهه • (lâhe)

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


آگرا

آگرا • (âgrâ)

fa-proper noun

آگرا • (âgrâ)

Ultimately derived from Sanskrit, possibly via Hindustani आगरा (āgrā). See Agra for more.

Agra (a large city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, India)


بیجینگ

head

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

fa-proper noun

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

(metonymically) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)


ناروی

head

ناروی • (nārwē)

fa-noun

ناروی • (nārwē)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe)


اکسیتانیا

head

اکسیتانیا • (oksitâniyâ)

fa-proper noun

اکسیتانیا • (oksitâniyâ)


کاتالونیا

head

کاتالونیا • (kâtâloniyâ)

fa-proper noun

کاتالونیا • (kâtâloniyâ)

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)