فاس

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


مصر

head

مِصْر • (mesr)

fa-proper noun

مِصْر • (mesr)

Dari: مِصْر (misr)

Iranian Persian: مِصْر (mesr)

Tajik: Миср (Misr)

→ Assamese: মিছৰ (misor), মিচৰ (misor)

→ Bengali: মিশর (miśor), মিসর (miśor)

→ Gujarati: મિસર (misar)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: मिस्र (misra), मिस्त्र (mistra), मिसर (misar)

Urdu: مِصْر (misr)

→ Kashmiri: مِصر

→ Kazakh: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Marathi: मिसर (misar)

→ Nepali: मिस्र (misra)

→ Odia: ମିଶର (miśara), ମିଶର୍ (miśar), ମିଶ୍ର (miśra)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਰ (misar)

Shahmukhi script: مِصَر (miṣar)

(archaic) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


تهران

head

تِهْران • (tehrân)

fa-proper noun

تِهْران • (tehrân)

تِهْران (canonical)
tehrân (romanization)

[t̪ʰe̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰe̞ɦ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰɪ.ɾɑ́ːn]

[t̪ʰi.ɾɔ́ːn]

[t̪ʰeɦ.ɹɒ́ːn]

[t̪ʰeɦ.ɹɒ́ːn]

[t̪ʰeɦ.ɾɔ́n]

There are various theories pertaining to the origin of the name Tehran:
* One theory is that the word "Tehran" is derived from Tiran/Tirgan, "The Abode of Tir", a Zoroastrian deity. The ancient Parthian town of Tiran was a neighbour to the town of Mehran, "The Abode of Mihr", the Zoroastrian deity of light. Both of these were mere villages in the suburbs of the great city of ری (“Ray”).
* Another theory is that Tehran means "a warm place", opposed to Shemiran, a cooler district in northern Tehran.
* The official City of Tehran website claims that "Tehran" comes from the Persian words ته (tah, “end, bottom”) and ران (rân, “mountain slope”, literally “bottom of the mountain slope”). Given Tehran's geographic position at the bottom of the slope of the Alborz Mountains, this appears to be the most plausible explanation of the origin of the name of the city.


طهران

head

طهران • (tehrân)

fa-proper noun

طهران • (tehrân)

تهران تهران#Persian

(obsolete) Alternative form of تهران (tehrân): Tehran (the capital city of Iran)


اورشلیم

head

اورشلیم • (oršalim)

fa-proper noun

اورشلیم • (oršalim)

Borrowed from Arabic أُورُشَلِيم (ʔūrušalīm), or Middle Persian ʾwlyšlym (Urišlīm), from Aramaic אורשלם / ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾŪrišlēm).

bor+

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


دوشنبه

head

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

fa-proper noun

دوشنبه • (došanbe)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH
Persian دو
Akkadian šapattumbor.?
Hebrew שַׁבָּתder.
Persian شنبه
Persian دوشنبه
دو (do) + شنبه (šanbe), literally “two (days after) Saturday”. From Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫁𐫎 (dwšmbṯ /dōšambat/, “Monday”). The name of the city derives from the large bazaar that occurred on Mondays in the area.

inh

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


لندن

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


آمستردام

head

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

fa-proper noun

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

[ʔɒːms.t̪ʰeɹ.d̪ɒ́ːm]

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


لیسبون

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


پاریس

head

پاریس • (pâris)

fa-proper noun

پاریس • (pâris)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


صوفیا

head

صوفیا • (sofiyâ)


مسکو

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


موش

Mush (the capital city of Mush province, Turkey)


تونس

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


مراکش

مراکش • (marâkeš)

fa-proper noun

مراکش • (marâkeš)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मराकिश (marākiś)

Urdu: مَراکِش (marākiś)

desc

ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼//مَراکَش

→ Punjabi: ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ /مَراکَش (marākiś)

→ Punjabi: ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼ /مَراکَش (marākiś)

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mä.ɾɑː.kʰɪʃ]

[mæ.ɹɒː.kʰʲeʃ]

[mä.ɾɔ.kʰäʃ]

Borrowed from Arabic مُرّاكُش (murrākuš). See Morocco for more. In Persian, the word came to be read and pronounced like an Arabic broken plural form.

bor+

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


بغداد

head

بغداد • (bağdâd)

fa-proper noun

بغداد • (bağdâd)

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[bæɢ.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[bäʁ.d̪ɔ́d̪]

Most scholars accept a derivation from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt /bag-dād/, “given by god”), from Old Persian *Bagadātah; compare
Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬕𐬋-𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀 (baġō-dāta), Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ and Polish Bogdan. Other origins have been suggested, and if the place name can be identified with Akkadian 𒄷𒁕𒁺 (ḫu-da-du; bag-da-du /Ḫudadu; Bagdadu/, literally “location characterized with pits, cavities, crevices, deep trenches, or irrigation canals”), it may be of much older provenance than Old Persian.

cog

بغداد بزرگترین شهر عراق و پایتخت این کشور است.

Baghdad is Iraq's largest city and the capital of the country.

bağdâd bozorg-tarin šahr-e 'erâq va pâytaxt-e in kešvar ast.


آنکارا

head

آنکارا • (ânkârâ)

[ʔɒːŋ.kʰɒː.ɹɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Turkish Ankara. Displaced Classical Persian اَنْگُورِیَّه (angūriyya), اَنْگُورَه (angūra), and اَنْقَرَه (anqara) in Iranian Persian.

ncog

اَنْگُورِیَّه

displaced

اَنْگُورِیَّه


پکن

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


مدینه

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).

bor+

Medina (a city, the provincial capital of Medina province, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam, 200 miles north of Mecca along the Hejaz, from which the Hijra was launched; contains Muhammad's tomb)


بن

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari#English

Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).


بن

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)


مکه

Mecca (a large city, the provincial capital of Mecca Province in the in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible)


مشهد

Mashhad (The second largest city in Iran; capital of Razavi Khorasan)


کابل

head

کابُل • (kâbol)

fa-proper noun

کابُل • (kâbol)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā, “Kabul River”) and Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬡𐬀 (kuβa). Pronunciation changed to "Kabul" around the 11th century.


عشق‌آباد

head

عشقآباد • ('ešq-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

عشقآباد • ('ešq-âbâd)

عشقآباد (canonical)
'ešq-âbâd (romanization)

[ʔiʃq.ʔɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔiʃq.ʔɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔeʃɢ.ʔɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔäʃq.ʔɔ.bɔ́d̪]

Literally "city of love", from عشق ('ešq, “love”) + ـآباد (-âbâd, “city”).

af

Ashgabat (the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan)


تاشکند

head

تاشکند • (tâškand)

fa-proper noun

تاشکند • (tâškand)

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɔːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[t̪ʰɒːʃ.kʰʲǽn̪d̪̥]

[t̪ʰɔʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


زاگرب

zâgreb (romanization)
zâgrib (romanization)

[zɒːɡʲ.ɹéb̥]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


مزار شریف

[mä.zɑː.ɾɪ ʃä.ɾiːf]

[mä.zɑː.ɾɪ ʃä.ɾiːf]

[mä.zɑː.ɾɪ ʃä.ɾiːf]

Mazar-i-Sharif (a city, the provincial capital of Balkh Province, Afghanistan)

fa:مزار شریف


آتن

head

آتن • (âten)

fa-proper noun

آتن • (âten)

Borrowed from French Athènes, from Latin Athēnae, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


پیونگ‌یانگ

پیونگیانگ (canonical)
piyong-yâng (romanization)

[pʰi.joːŋɡ.jɑ́ːŋɡ]

[pʰi.joɲɡʲ.jɒ́ːɲɡʲ̥]

Borrowed from English Pyongyang, and hence a poor approximation of the Korean.

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)

fa:پیونگ‌یانگ


پراگ

head

پراگ • (perâg)

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


باکو

باکو • (bâku)

fa-proper noun

باکو • (bâku)

→ Georgian: ბაქო (bako)


کرمان

head

کرمان • (kermân)

fa-proper noun

کرمان • (kermân)

Kerman (a city, the provincial capital of Kerman Province, Iran)


شام

→ Urdu: شام (śām)


قاهره

head

قاهره • (qâhere)

fa-proper noun

قاهره • (qâhere)

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


بیروت

Beirut (the capital and largest city of Lebanon)


آستانه

head

آستانه • (âstâne)

fa-proper noun

آستانه • (âstâne)

desctree

→ Kazakh: Астана (Astana)
→ Russian: Астана́ f (Astaná)
→ Armenian: Աստանա (Astana)

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰɑː.nǽ]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰɔː.nǽ]

[ʔɒːs.t̪ʰɒː.né]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾstʾnk' /āstānag/). By surface analysis, آستان (âstân) + ـه (-e).

surf

Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh
Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh#English

Astaneh (the capital city of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran); in full, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh


ایروان

head

ایروان • (iravân)

fa-proper noun

ایروان • (iravân)

→ Azerbaijani: İrəvan

→ Ottoman Turkish: اروان (Erivan)

> Turkish: Erivan (inherited)

→ Russian: Эривань (Erivanʹ)

Ultimately from Armenian Երևան (Erewan).


طرابلس

fa:طرابلس
fa:طرابلس (لبنان)

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس (ṭarābulus), from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


حلب

هست در دیدهام خیال لبت
همچو شکر بشیشههای حلب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 111:

Fantasies of your lips are in my eyes,
Like sugar in Aleppo glass.

hast dar dīda'am xayāl-i labat
hamčū šikar ba-šīša-hā-yi halab

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


اصفهان

head

اصفهان • (esfahân)

fa-proper noun

اصفهان • (esfahân)

esfahân (romanization)
اصفهانم (first-person predicative singular)
esfahânam (first-person predicative singular)
اصفهانیم (first-person plural predicative)
esfahânim (first-person plural predicative)
اصفهانی (predicative second-person singular)
esfahâni (predicative second-person singular)
اصفهانید (plural predicative second-person)
esfahânid (plural predicative second-person)
اصفهانین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
esfahânin (plural predicative second-person)
اصفهان است (predicative singular third-person)
esfahân ast (predicative singular third-person)
اصفهانه (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
esfahâne (predicative singular third-person)
اصفهانند (plural predicative third-person)
esfahânand (plural predicative third-person)
اصفهانن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
esfahânan (plural predicative third-person)

[ʔɪs.fä.ɦɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪs.fä.ɦɑ́ːn]

[ʔɪs.fɑːɑ́ːn]

From earlier form, سپاهان (sipāhān) from Middle Persian [script needed] (spʾhʾn /Spāhān/) ultimately from Old Persian *spādānah (“connected with the army”) or *spādānām (“of the armies”), from 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (s-p-a-d /spādaʰ/, “army”), from Proto-Iranian *cwáHdaH (“army”); see there for further information.

der

Isfahan (the capital city of Isfahan Province, Iran)


بوگوتا

head

بوگوتا • (bogotâ)

fa-proper noun

بوگوتا • (bogotâ)


واشینگتن دی.سی.

head

واشینگتن دی.سی. • (vâšington d.c.)

fa-proper noun

واشینگتن دی.سی. • (vâšington d.c.)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

fa:واشینگتن دی.سی.


دبی

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (a city in the United Arab Emirates; capital of Dubai emirate)

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)


قندهار

→ Azerbaijani: Qəndəhar

desc

→ Chagatai: قَندَهار

→ Chagatai: قَندَهار

Uzbek: Qandahor

→ Ottoman Turkish: قَندَهار

Turkish: Kandehar

[qän̪.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ːɾ]

[qän̪.d̪ä.ɦɑ́ːɾ]

[qän̪.d̪ɑːɑ́ːɾ]

[qän̪.d̪ɔːɔ́ːɾ]

[qæn̪.d̪æ.ɦɒ́ːɹ]

[qän̪.d̪ä.ɦɔ́ɾ]

Kandahar (the capital city of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan)


وان

Van (the capital city of Mush province, Turkey)


آدیس آبابا

head

آدیس آبابا • (âdis âbâbâ)

[ʔɑː.ðiːs ʔɑː.βɑː.βɑː]

[ʔɑː.d̪iːs ʔɑː.bɑː.bɑː]

[ʔɑː.d̪iːs ʔɑː.bɑː.bɑː]

[ʔɑː.d̪iːs ʔɑː.bɑː.bɑː]

[ʔɔː.d̪is ʔɔː.bɔː.bɔː]

[ʔɒː.d̪iːs ʔɒː.bɒː.bɒː]

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)

fa:آدیس آبابا


بیت‌المقدس

بیتالمقدس (canonical)
beyt-ol-moqaddas (romanization)

desc

બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ

→ Gujarati: બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ (baitulmukaddas)

→ Malay: Baitulmuqaddis

→ Pashto: بيت المقدس (bayt-ul-muqadas)

→ Urdu: بیت المقدس (bait-ul-muqaddas)

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (bayt al-maqdis), but the less common word مَقْدِس (maqdis, “sanctuary, the Temple in Jerusalem”) was mistakenly read as the more common word مُقَدَّس (muqaddas, “holy, sacred”), which are visually identical when written without vowel diacritics.

bor+

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس

بیت المقدس است دل تو بنور دین
وه تا نه خوک خانه کند کافر فرنگ

c. 1160, Sōzanī of Samarqand, “Qaṣīda 95”, in دیوان سوزنی:

Your heart is Jerusalem by the light of the faith;
Woe should the Frankish unbeliever turn it into a pigsty!

bayt-ul-maqdis ast dil-i tu ba nūr-i dīn
wah tā na xūk xāna kunad kāfir-i firang

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


روم

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.

روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome

(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)


بیشکک

head

بیشکک • (biškek)

fa-proper noun

بیشکک • (biškek)

Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


برلین

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


سنگاپور

head

سنگاپور • (sangâpur)

fa-proper noun

سنگاپور • (sangâpur)

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʰúːɾ]

[siŋ.ɡɔː.pʰúɾ]

[sæŋ.ɡɒː.pʰúːɹ]

In the case of Iranian Persian, borrowed from French Singapour. In the case of Dari, borrowed from English Singapore. Both are ultimately from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhapura).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


زنجان

head

زنجان • (zanjân)

fa-proper noun

زنجان • (zanjân)

Zanjan (the provincial capital of Zanjan Province, Iran)

استان زنجان ― ostân-e zanjân ― the province of Zanjan, Zanjan Province


وین

(Iran) Vienna (the capital city of Austria)


فاریاب

head

فاریاب • (fâryâb)

fa-proper noun

فاریاب • (fâryâb)

[fɔːɾ.jɔːb̥]

[fɒːɹ.jɒːb̥]

Faryab (the capital city of Faryab County, Kerman Province, Iran)

ولایت فاریاب ― velâyat-e fâryâb ― the province of Faryab, Faryab Province


سرپل

Sar-e Pol (the capital city of Sar-e Pol Province, Afghanistan)

ولایت سرپل ― wilāyat-i sar pul ― the province of Sar-e Pol, Sar-e Pol Province


فراه

head

فراه • (farâh)

fa-proper noun

فراه • (farâh)

Farah (the provincial capital of Farah Province, Afghanistan)

ولایت فراه (Dari) ― wilāyat-i farāh ― the province of Farah, Farah Province


اردبیل

ardebil (romanization)
ardabil (romanization)

Ardabil (the capital city of Ardabil Province, Iran)

استان اردبیل ― ostân-e ardebil or ardabil ― the province of Ardabil, Ardabil Province


بوشهر

head

بوشهر • (bušehr)

fa-proper noun

بوشهر • (bušehr)

Bushehr (the provincial capital of Bushehr Province, Iran)

استان بوشهر ― ostân-e bušehr ― the province of Bushehr, Bushehr Province


ورشو

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

(chiefly Iran) Warsaw (the capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship)


موناکو

head

موناکو • (monâko)

fa-proper noun

موناکو • (monâko)


سن مارینو

head

سن مارینو • (san mârino)

fa-proper noun

سن مارینو • (san mârino)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)

fa:سن مارینو


لاهور

head

لاهور • (lâhor)

fa-proper noun

لاهور • (lâhor)

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


تفلیس

→ Ottoman Turkish: تفليس (Tiflis)

English: Tiflis

Turkish: Tiflis

→ Russian: Тифлис (Tiflis)

From Arabic تفليس (tiflīs), ultimately from Old Georgian ტფილისი (ṭpilisi).

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


ریاض

head

ریاض • (riyâz)

fa-proper noun

ریاض • (riyâz)

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


توکیو

[t̪ʰʊːk.jʊ́ː]

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


باختر

head

باختر • (bâxtar)

fa-proper noun

باختر • (bâxtar)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾpʾhtl /abāxtar/, “north”), derived from Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬁𐬑𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀 (apāxtara, “north; direction of the daevas, direction of Ahriman, direction of Hell”), from Old Iranian *apāxtara (“retrograde, backward-turning”), comparative stem based on *apāk-/*apāŋ (“backward”), from the preposition *apa (“behind”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *apatamás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo-tm̥mo-, from *h₂epó (“from, away, off”).
See also Albanian afër (“close, nearby”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 (afar, “after”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎼 (apara, “later, after”), Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀 (apara, “more behind, later”).

cog

Bokhtar (a city, the provincial capital of Khatlon, Tajikistan)


کرمانشاه

head

کرمانشاه • (kermânšâh)

fa-proper noun

کرمانشاه • (kermânšâh)

[kʰɪɾ.mɑːn.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[kʰɪɾ.mɑːn.ʃɑ́ːʱ]

[kʰɪɾ.mɑːn.ʃɑ́ː]

[kʰiɾ.mɔːn.ʃɔ́ː]

[kʰʲeɹ.mɒːn.ʃɒ́ːʰ]

کرمان (kermân, “Kerman”) + شاه (šâh, “king”).

Kermanshah (the provincial capital of Kermanshah Province, Iran)

استان کرمانشاه ― ostân-e kermânšâh ― the province of Kermanshah, Kermanshah Province


زورا

head

زورا • (zowrâ)

fa-proper noun

زورا • (zowrâ)

Borrowed from Arabic الزَّوْرَاء (az-zawrāʔ).

bor+

(Islam, archaic) Zawra' (the cities of Tehran (capital of Iran) and Ray (near Tehran))

(rare) Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)


مزوره

Borrowed from Arabic مُزَوَّرَة (muzawwara).

(Islam, archaic) Muzawwara (the city of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq)


مادرید

head

مادرید • (mâdrid)

fa-proper noun

مادرید • (mâdrid)


برلن

(obsolete) Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


خجند

Khujand (a city, the provincial capital of Sughd, Tajikistan)


مود

Mud (the capital city of the Mud District, Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan, Iran), also known as Mood Nahar Khan and Mūd-e Dahanāb.


جهانگیر نگر

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɑːɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɔːɔːŋ.ɡíɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒːɲ.ɡʲíːɹ næ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɔŋ.ɡíɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

Jahangirnagar (former name of Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh)

fa:جهانگیر نگر


واتیکان

head

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

fa-proper noun

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[vɒː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɒ́ːn]

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


اسلام‌آباد

head

اِسْلامآباد • (eslâm-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

اِسْلامآباد • (eslâm-âbâd)

اِسْلامآباد (canonical)
eslâm-âbâd (romanization)

[ʔis.lɑː.mɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

af

اِسْلام (eslâm) + ـآباد (-âbâd)

Islamabad Capital Territory
Islamabad Capital Territory

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan, located within the Islamabad Capital Territory)

Islamabad (the former name of Chittagong, a city in Bangladesh)


کراچی

head

کراچی • (karâči)

fa-proper noun

کراچی • (karâči)

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɔː.t͡ʃʰí]

[kʰʲæ.ɹɒː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɔ.t͡ʃʰí]

Karachi (the largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province)


مظفرآباد

Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir#English

Muzaffarabad (a city, the provincial capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, an autonomous territory of Pakistan)


ابوظبی

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby).

bor+

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital of Abu Dhabi emirate)

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates, on the southern Persian Gulf)


دوحه

Borrowed from Arabic الدَّوْحَة (ad-dawḥa).

Doha (the capital and largest city of Qatar)


ظفرآباد

head

ظفرآباد • (zafar-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

ظفرآباد • (zafar-âbâd)

[zä.fä.ɾɔː.bɔːd̪̥]

[zæ.fæ.ɹɒː.bɒːd̪̥]

Zafarobod (a district of Sughd, Tajikistan)

Zafarobod (the district capital of the Zafarobod District, Sughd, Tajikistan)


خرم‌آباد

خرمآباد (canonical)
xorram-âbâd (romanization)

Khorramabad (the provincial capital of Lorestan, Iran)


نورسلطان

head

نورسلطان • (nursoltân)

fa-proper noun

نورسلطان • (nursoltân)

Borrowed from Kazakh Нұр-Сұлтан (Nūr-Sūltan). By surface analysis, نور (nur) + سلطان (soltân).

surf

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


پیشاور

head

پیشاور • (pešâvar)

fa-proper noun

پیشاور • (pešâvar)

Likely corrupted from Urdu پشاور (pišāvar)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan).


کویته

Quetta (a city, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan).


صنعا

head

صنعا • (san'â)

fa-proper noun

صنعا • (san'â)

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


کرج

[kʰä.ɾǽd͡ʒ̥]

[kʰʲæ.ɹǽd͡ʒ̥]

Karaj (a city, the capital of Alborz Province, Iran)


بعلبک

Borrowed from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


لوکزامبورگ

head

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

fa-proper noun

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

[luːkʲ.zɒːm.búːɹɡʲ̥]

Luxembourg (the capital city of the country of Luxembourg)


لاهه

head

لاهه • (lâhe)

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


بیجینگ

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

fa-proper noun

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

(metonymically) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)


کوالالامپور

head

کوالالامپور • (kuwālā-lāmpūr /ku'âlâ-lâmpur)

kuwālā-lāmpūr (romanization)
ku'âlâ-lâmpur (romanization)

Ultimately derived from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_federal_territory

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory in western Malaysia, in which the country’s current capital of the same name is located)

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia, located in the federal territory of the same name)

fa:کوالالامپور