بحر

head

بَحْر • (bahr)

fa-noun

بَحْر • (bahr)


آب

Dari: آب (āb), اَو (aw)

Hazaragi: او (aw)

Iranian Persian: آب (âb)

Tajik: об (ob)

→ Äynu: ab

→ Bengali: আব (āb)

→ Gujarati: અબ (āb)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आब (āb)

Urdu: آب (āb)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਬ (āba)

Shahmukhi script: آب (āb)

→ Turkish: ab

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
From Middle Persian ʾp̄ (āb), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (ap-), from Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš (compare Northern Kurdish av, aw, Baluchi آپ (áp), Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (obë), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps (compare Sanskrit अप् (ap)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water, body of water”).


رود

From Middle Persian, from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎫 (rauta-, “river, torrent”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hráwtah.


اردن

head

اُرْدُن • (ordon)

fa-proper noun

اُرْدُن • (ordon)

اُرْدُن (canonical)
ordon (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic الْأُرْدُنّ (al-ʔurdunn).

bor+

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


دریا

head

دَرْیا • (daryâ)

fa-proper noun

دَرْیا • (daryâ)

→ Turkish: Derya

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dlydʾp̄ /drayāb/, “sea”), a merger of āb (“water”) (whence آب (āb)) with Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /draya/, “ocean, sea”), from Proto-Iranian *jráyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas, likely from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Northern Kurdish zrê, zerya (“sea”), Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵 (zraiiaŋh, “sea”), Sanskrit ज्रयस् (jráyas, “expanse”).

inh

a female given name, Darya, from Middle Persian


دریاچه

head

دَرْیاچِه • (daryâče) (plural دریاچهها (daryâče-hâ))

دَرْیاچِه (canonical)
daryâče (romanization)
دریاچهها (plural)

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɔː.t͡ʃʰǽ]

[d̪æɹ.jɒː.t͡ʃʰé]

[d̪äɾ.jɔ.t͡ʃʰǽ]


بندر

بَنْدَر • (bandar) (plural بنادر (banâder) or بندرها (bandar-hâ))

بَنْدَر (canonical)
bandar (romanization)
بنادر (plural)
بندرها (plural)

desctree

→ Arabic: بَنْدَر (bandar)
→ Swahili: bandari

→ Gujarati: બંદર (bandar)

→ Malay: bandar
Indonesian: bandar
→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

com

بند (band, “band, tie”) + در (dar, “door”)


کابل

head

کابُل • (kâbol)

fa-proper noun

کابُل • (kâbol)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā, “Kabul River”) and Avestan [script needed] (Kubha). Pronunciation changed to "Kabul" around the 11th century.


اقیانوس

head

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

fa-noun

اُقْیانوس • (oqyânus)

اُقْیانوس (canonical)
oqyânus (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔuqyānūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós). First attested in the Iqbāl-nāma, circa 1195, but as a foreign یونانی (yunâni, “Ancient Greek”) word for "deep sea," and uncommon until the 1800s. The widespread modern use is influenced by European languages, perhaps initially via Ottoman Turkish اقیانوس (okyanus).

bor+

أُوقْيَانُوس


کول

From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /kōl/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).
The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).


تنگه

→ Malay: tanggah

Indonesian: tanggah


آب‌راه

head

آبراه • (âb-râh) (plural آبراهها (âb-râh-hâ))

آبراه (canonical)
âb-râh (romanization)
آبراهها (plural)

[ʔɑːβ.ˈɾɑːh]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɑːb.ɾɑ́ːʱ]

[ʔɒːb.ɹɒ́ːʰ]

canal (waterway used for transportation of vessels)


کانال

کانال • (kânâl) (plural کانالها (kânâl-hâ))

[kʰɒː.nɒːl̥]


رودخانه

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

fa-noun

رودْخانِه • (rudxâne)

رودْخانِه (canonical)
rudxâne (romanization)

[ɾɵd̪.χɔ.nǽ]

From رود (rud, “river”) + خانه (xâne, “house”).

compound

آب رودخانه

جزیره در رودخانه


نهر

head

نَهْر • (nahr)

fa-noun

نَهْر • (nahr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नहर (nahar)

Urdu: نَہَر (nahar)

کنار نهر

زیر درختان نهر جاری است.


خور

Borrowed from Arabic خَوْر (ḵawr, “bay, inlet, cove, canyon”).


خلیج

[xæ.líːd͡ʒ̥]


ارس

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Raxsā- (“swift-flowing”), akin to Sanskrit रङ्घते (raṅghate, “to hasten, run”). Compare Old Armenian Երասխ (Erasx), Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs), Old Georgian რახსი (raxsi), Iranian borrowings.


دریای اژه

head

دریای اژه • (daryâ-ye eže)

fa-proper noun

دریای اژه • (daryâ-ye eže)

Partial calque of French mer Égée, from Latin Aegaeum mare, itself a partial calque of Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos).

der

Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος


هرمز

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣 (Ōhrmazd, Hormozd). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭌𐭆𐭃 (ʾḥwrmzd).

inh

The strait that connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman.


دانوب

head

دانوب • (dânub)

fa-proper noun

دانوب • (dânub)


مرغاب

head

مرغاب • (morğâb)

fa-noun

مرغاب • (morğâb)

[muɾ.ɣɔ́ːb̥]

[moɹ.ɢɒ́ːb̥]


تالاب

head

تالاب • (tâlâb) (plural تالابها (tâlâb-hâ))

[t̪ʰɑː.lɑ́ːb]

[t̪ʰɒː.lɒ́ːb̥]

From تال (tâl, “pond”, from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)) + آب (āb, “water”).

af

تال
<t:pond><pos:from Hindi ताल (tāl) / Urdu تال (tāl), from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”)>


عاصی

head

عاصی • ('âsi)

fa-proper noun

عاصی • ('âsi)

From Arabic عَاصِي (ʕāṣī, “sinner; Asi/Orontes river”).

uder

1045-1052, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
و از آنجا به شهر حمات شدیم، شهری خوشی و آبادان بر لب آب عاصی و این آب را از آن سبب عاصی گویند که به جانب روم میرود، یعنی، چون از بلاد اسلام به بلاد کفر میرود، عاصی است و بر آب دولاب های بسیار ساخته اند.
wa az ānjā ba šahr-i hamāt šudēm, šahrē xwaš u ābādān bar lab-i āb-i āsī. wa īn āb rā az ān sabab "āsī" gōyand ki ba jānib-i rōm mē-rawad; ya'nī, čūn az bilād-i Islām ba bilād-i kufr mē-rawad, āsī ast, wa bar āb dolāb-hāyi basyār sāxta-and.

and from there we went to city of Hama, a pleasant and inhabited place near the Asi [Sinful] River. And this river is called "sinful" because it is flowing toward Rome [Byzantine Empire], that is to say, since it is going from the lands of Islam to the lands of kufr, it is "sinful", and over [the] river they have built many Persian wheels.


سند

→ English: Sind

Indus (a major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea)


ابولا

head

ابولا • (ebolâ)

fa-proper noun

ابولا • (ebolâ)

رودخانه ابولا

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Ebola (a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


کنر

Kunar (a river in Afghanistan and Pakistan)

Kunar (a valley in Afghanistan and Pakistan)

ولایت کنر ― velâyat-e konar ― the province of Kunar, Kunar Province


لوگر

Logar (a river in Logar province)
Logar (a province of Afghanistan)

وِلَایَتِ لوگَر ― wilāyat-i lōgar ― the province of Logar, Logar Province


کانال مانش

head

کانال مانش • (kânâl-e mânš)

fa-proper noun

کانال مانش • (kânâl-e mânš)

fa:کانال مانش


اقیانوس آرام

head

اُقْیانوسِ آرام

اُقْیانوسِ آرام • (oqyânus-e ârâm)

fa-proper noun

اُقْیانوسِ آرام

اُقْیانوسِ آرام • (oqyânus-e ârâm)

اُقْیانوسِ آرام (canonical)
oqyânus-e ârâm (romanization)

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔʊq.jɑː.núː.sɪ ʔɑː.ɾɑːm]

[ʔoʁ.jɒː.núː.se ʔɒː.ɹɒːm]

Calque of English Pacific Ocean, from اقیانوس (oqyânus, “ocean”) + آرام (ârâm, “calm”), literally “ocean of calm”.


دریای مرده

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

[d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː.jɪ mʊɾ.d̪ǽ]

From دریا (daryâ, “sea”) + مرده (morde, “dead”), a calque of Arabic الْبَحْر الْمَيِّت (al-baḥr al-mayyit).

cal

الْبَحْر الْمَيِّت

Dead Sea (a lake in the Middle East in Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth)


نیل

رود نیل

رودخانه نیل


دجله

→ Azerbaijani: Dəclə

→ Bengali: দজলা (dojola)

→ Hindi: दजला (dajlā)

→ Punjabi: ਦਜਲਾ (dajlā)

→ Tatar: Diclä

→ Ottoman Turkish: دجله (Dicle)

Turkish: Dicle

→ Uzbek: Dajla


فرات

head

فرات • (forât)

fa-proper noun

فرات • (forât)

→ Azerbaijani: Fərat

→ Bengali: ফোরাত (phōrat)

→ Hindi: फ़रात (farāt)

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਰਾਤ (farāt)

→ Turkish: Fırat

Borrowed from Arabic الْفُرَات (al-furāt).

bor+

Euphrates (a river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf)


حوض

اندر ساحت مسجد سنگی بزرگ نهاده و حوضی سنگین مدور، عظیم بزرگ، بر سر آن نهاده.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

A large stone is placed in the courtyard of this mosque, and a spherical water basin of stone, large and grand, is placed on top of that.

andar sāhat-i masjid sangē buzurg nihadā u hawzē sangēn mudawwar, azīm buzurg, bar sar-i ān nihāda.


چناب

head

چناب • (čanâb)

fa-proper noun

چناب • (čanâb)

→ Azerbaijani: Çənab

→ Chagatai: چَناب

Uyghur: چەناب (chenab)

Uzbek: Chanob

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चनाब (canāb)

Urdu: چَناب (canāb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چَناب (Çenab)

Turkish: Çenab

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)

Punjabi: چَناب (canāb)

→ Sindhi: چَناب

[t͡ʃa.ˈnɑːβ]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰæ.nɒ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́b]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Persian چناب
Borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā).

etymon

sa>चन्द्रभागा>river


زراه

head

زراه • (zerâh)

fa-noun

زراه • (zerâh)

zerâh (romanization)
زراه (singular)
zirâh (singular)
زراهها (plural)
zirâh-hấ (plural)
زراها (colloquial plural)
zirâhấ (plural)
زراه را (definite direct-object singular)
zirâh râ (definite direct-object singular)
زراه رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
zirâho (definite direct-object singular)
زراهها را (definite direct-object plural)
zirâh-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
زراها رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
zirâhấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
زراه (ezafe singular)
zirâh-e (ezafe singular)
زراههای (ezafe plural)
zirâh-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زراهای (colloquial ezafe plural)
zirâhấ-ye (ezafe plural)
زراهی (definite relative singular)
زراهی (indefinite singular stressed)
zirâh-i (definite relative singular)
zirâh-i (indefinite singular stressed)
زراههایی (definite plural relative)
زراههایی (indefinite plural stressed)
zirâhấn-i, zirâh-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
zirâhấn-i, zirâh-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
زراهایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
زراهایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
zirâhấi (definite plural relative)
zirâhấi (indefinite plural stressed)

[zɪ.ɾɑːɦ~zä.ɾɑːʱ]

[zɪ.ɾɑːɦ~zä.ɾɑːʱ]

[zɪ.ɾɑː~.zä.ɾɑː]

[ze.ɹɒːɦ~zæ.ɹɒːʱ]

Inherited from Middle Persian zlyh (zrēh), from Parthian 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫆 (zrēh), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas (“expanse, vastness; ocean”), ultimately derived from the BMAC substrate.
Cognate with Baluchi زرا (zirá), Mazanderani دریو (deryō), Central Kurdish زەریا (zerya), and Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (zraiiah).
Doublet of دَریا (daryâ, “sea; river”), inherited from Old Persian.


کولمبیا

head

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

fa-proper noun

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

کولَمْبِیَا (canonical)
kōlambiyā (romanization)

Columbia (a river in the western United States and Canada)