چاه‌کور

head

چاهکور • (čâh-kowr)

fa-proper noun

چاهکور • (čâh-kowr)

چاهکور (canonical)
čâh-kowr (romanization)

[t͡ʃʰɑːɦ.kʰäwɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɦ.kʰäwɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɑː.kʰäwɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɔː.kʰäwɾ]

[t͡ʃʰɒːɦ.kʰowɹ]

[t͡ʃʰɔɦ.kʰäwɾ]


دلیجان

head

دلیجان • (delijân)

fa-proper noun

دلیجان • (delijân)

delijân (romanization)
دلیگان (alternative)

Unknown. Possibly from French (see above), or from دلیرگان (delirgân), from دلیر (delir, “courageous”). Compare Armenian Դիլիջան (Diliǰan).

Delijan (a town in Markazi province, Iran)


نیمروز

→ Gujarati: નીમરોઝ (nīmrojh)

From Middle Persian nymrwc (nēmrōz, “south, midday”). Analyzable as نیم (nim) + روز (ruz), literally “half day”. Compare Parthian nymrwc (nēmrož, “south”).

compound

ولایت نیمروز


قسطنطنیه

desc

কুস্তুন্তুনিয়া

→ Bengali: কুস্তুন্তুনিয়া (kustuntuniẏa)

→ Hindustani:

क़ुस्तुंतुनिया

Hindi: क़ुस्तुंतुनिया (qustuntuniyā)

Urdu: قسطنطنیہ (qustuntuniyā)

Borrowed from Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya).

bor+

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


شقرا

head

شقرا • (šaqrâ)

fa-proper noun

شقرا • (šaqrâ)

Borrowed from Arabic شَقْرَاء (šaqrāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْقَر (ʔašqar).


لداخ

head

لداخ • (ladâx)

fa-proper noun

لداخ • (ladâx)

→ English: Ladakh

→ Punjabi: لداخ (ldāx), ਲੱਦਾਖ਼ (laddāx)

→ Urdu: لداخ (laddāx)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).


همدان

[ʔä.mä.d̪ɑ́ːn]

[ʔä.mä.d̪ɔ́ːn]

Hamadan (a city in Iran, the seat of Hamadan County's Central District, and the capital of Hamadan Province)

Hamadan (a county of Iran, around the city)


برلن

(obsolete) Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


بومهن

From Mazanderani, related to the above word.


اندلس

Borrowed from Arabic الْأَنْدَلُس (al-ʔandalus).

bor+

الْأَنْدَلُس

autonomous community
autonomous community

Andalusia (a historical region and autonomous community in southern Spain, the most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain)


طربزون

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طربزون (Tırabızon), from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs).

هر گوشه بتی هر طرفی حور سرشتی
از ماه و نشاطست طربزون چو بهشتی

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 264:

An idol-like beauty in corner, a houri-natured beauty on every side;
Trebizond is like a paradise from the moon [or moon-like beauty] and merry-making.

har gōša butē har tarafē hūr sirištē
az māh u nišāt-ast tarabzūn čū bihištē

ترابزون ترابزون#Persian

Obsolete form of ترابزون (terâbzun, “Trabzon, Trebizond (a city and province of Turkey)”).


داغستان

head

داغستان • (dāġistān /dâġestân) (Tajik spelling Доғистон)

dāġistān (romanization)
dâġestân (romanization)
spelling Доғистон (Tajik)

[d̪ɑː.ɣɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɑː.ɣɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɑː.ɣɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d̪ɔː.ɣis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[d̪ɒː.ɢes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

From داغ (dâġ) + ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

Dagestan (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in the Caucasus region)


سلماس

سلماس • (salmâs)

fa-proper noun

سلماس • (salmâs)

Salmas (a city in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran; about ninety kilometres north-northwest of Urmia)

Salmas County (a county of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran)


مرند

[mä.ɾän̪d̪̥]

[mæ.ɹæn̪d̪̥]

Unknown, see Arabic مَرَنْد (marand) above.

Marand (a city in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)

Marand County (a county of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)


آخلاط

head

آخلاط • (âxlât)

fa-proper noun

آخلاط • (âxlât)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آخلاط (Ahlat).

bor+

Ahlat (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; at Lake Van, 40 km northeast from Tatvan along the coastline)

Ahlat (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


خیزان

head

خیزان • (xizân)

fa-proper noun

خیزان • (xizân)

Hizan (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; 34 km southeast straight line from Bitlis)

Hizan district (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


مقدونیه شمالی

head

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی • (maġduniye-ye šomâli)

fa-proper noun

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی

مَقْدونِیِهٔ شُمالی (canonical)
maġduniye-ye šomâli (romanization)

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


ختلان

head

ختلان • (xatlân)

fa-proper noun

ختلان • (xatlân)


خجند

Khujand (a city, the provincial capital of Sughd, Tajikistan)


جلال‌آباد

head

جلالآباد • (jalâl-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

جلالآباد • (jalâl-âbâd)

جلالآباد (canonical)
jalâl-âbâd (romanization)

[d͡ʒa.lɑː.lɑː.βɑːð]

[d͡ʒä.lɑː.lɑː.bɑːd̪]

[d͡ʒä.lɑː.lɑː.bɑːd̪]

[d͡ʒä.lɑː.lɑː.bɑːd̪]

[d͡ʒä.lɔː.lɔː.bɔːd̪̥]

[d͡ʒæ.lɒː.lɒː.bɒːd̪̥]

af

جلال (jalâl) + ـآباد (-âbâd)

Jalalabad (a city in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan)


بلوچستان

head

بلوچستان • (balučestân)

fa-proper noun

بلوچستان • (balučestân)

From بلوچ (baluč, “Baloch”) + ـستان (-estân).


طراز

head

طراز • (tarâz)

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑ́ːz]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑ́ːz]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɑ́ːz]

[t̪ʰä.ɾɔ́ːz]

[t̪ʰæ.ɹɒ́ːz]


تاجکستان

تاجِکِسْتان • (tājikistān)

fa-proper noun

تاجِکِسْتان • (tājikistān)

تاجِکِسْتان (canonical)
tājikistān (romanization)

[t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From تاجک (tâjik, “Tajik”) + ـستان (stân).

(Dari) Tajikistan (a country in Central Asia)


شینواری

head

شینواری • (šinvâri)

fa-proper noun

شینواری • (šinvâri)

[ʃiːn.wɑː.ɾíː]

[ʃiːn.wɑː.ɾíː]

[ʃiːn.wɑː.ɾíː]

[ʃiːɱ.vɒː.ɹíː]

cog

Pashto شينواري

ولسوالی شینواری


بهشهر

Behshahr (a city in Mazandaran province, Iran)


مود

Mud (the capital city of Mud district, Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran), also known as Mood Nahar Khan and Mūd-e Dahanāb.


كاشان

head

kāšān /kâšân

كاشان • (kāšān /kâšân)

fa-proper noun

kāšān /kâšân

كاشان • (kāšān /kâšân)

kāšān (romanization)
kâšân (romanization)

Kashan (a city in Isfahan Province, Iran)


سنندج

Sanandaj (a city in Iran, the seat of Sanandaj County's Central District, and the capital of Kurdistan Province)

Sanandaj (a county of Iran, around the city)


نامور

head

نامور • (nâmur)

fa-proper noun

نامور • (nâmur)


نیپال

head

نیپال • (nêpâl)

fa-proper noun

نیپال • (nêpâl)

Borrowed from Urdu نیپال (nepāl), from Sanskrit नेपाल (nepāla).

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


ازمیر

izmīr (romanization)
ezmir (romanization)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ازمیر (İzmir).

bor+

Izmir (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


بنگالی

head

بنگالی • (bangâli)

fa-proper noun

بنگالی • (bangâli)

[bäŋ.ɡɑː.líː]

[bäŋ.ɡɑː.líː]

[bäŋ.ɡɑː.líː]

[bäŋ.ɡɔː.lí]

[bæŋ.ɡɒː.líː]

fa:زبان بنگالی

a village in Ramkan district, Qeshm County, Hormozgan Province, Iran

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

a village in Nancowry tehsil, Nicobar district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India


جهانگیر نگر

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɑːɑːŋ.ɡíːɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒɔːɔːŋ.ɡíɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

[d͡ʒæ.ɦɒːɲ.ɡʲíːɹ næ.ɡʲǽɹ]

[d͡ʒä.ɦɔŋ.ɡíɾ nä.ɡǽɾ]

Jahangirnagar (former name of Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh)

fa:جهانگیر نگر


سلهت

From Urdu سِلْہَٹ (silhaṭ), from archaic Bengali সিলহট (śilohoṭ).


سورت

fa:سورت (گجرات)


چناب

head

چناب • (čanâb)

fa-proper noun

چناب • (čanâb)

→ Azerbaijani: Çənab

→ Chagatai: چَناب

Uyghur: چەناب (chenab)

Uzbek: Chanob

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चनाब (canāb)

Urdu: چَناب (canāb)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چَناب (Çenab)

Turkish: Çenab

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)

Punjabi: چَناب (canāb)

→ Sindhi: چَناب

[t͡ʃa.ˈnɑːβ]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɑ́ːb]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰæ.nɒ́ːb̥]

[t͡ʃʰä.nɔ́b]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Persian چناب
Borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā).

etymon

sa>चन्द्रभागा>river


دربند

→ Arabic: دَرْبَنْد (darband)

→ Azerbaijani: Dərbənd

→ English: Darband

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: دربند (Derbend, Derbent)

Turkish: Derbent

→ English: Derbend, Derbent

→ French: Derbend, Derbent

→ German: Derbend, Derbent

→ Russian: Дербе́нд (Derbénd), Дербе́нт (Derbént)

→ Uzbek: Darband

[d̪äɾ.bǽn̪d̪̥]

[d̪æɹ.bǽn̪d̪̥]

From در (dar, “door, gate, passage”) + بند (band, “band, tie, fastening”).


جبیل

Borrowed from Arabic جُبَيْل (jubayl), from Phoenician 𐤂𐤁𐤋 (gbl).

Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate#English

Byblos (a port city in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon)


انطلیاس

head

انطلیاس • (antelyâs)

fa-proper noun

انطلیاس • (antelyâs)

[ʔän̪.t̪ʰɪl.jɑ́ːs]

[ʔän̪.t̪ʰɪl.jɑ́ːs]

[ʔän̪.t̪ʰɪl.jɑ́ːs]

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطِلْيَاس (ʔanṭilyās).

bor+

أَنْطِلْيَاس

Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Governorate#English

Antilyas (a city in Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon)


واتیکان

head

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

fa-proper noun

واتیکان • (Vâtikân)

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[wɑː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɑ́ːn]

[vɒː.t̪ʰiː.kʰɒ́ːn]

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


اسلام‌آباد

head

اِسْلامآباد • (eslâm-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

اِسْلامآباد • (eslâm-âbâd)

اِسْلامآباد (canonical)
eslâm-âbâd (romanization)

[ʔis.lɑː.mɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪs.lɑː.mɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

af

اِسْلام (eslâm) + ـآباد (-âbâd)

Islamabad Capital Territory
Islamabad Capital Territory

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan, located within the Islamabad Capital Territory)

Islamabad (the former name of Chittagong, a city in present-day Bangladesh)


کراچی

head

کراچی • (karâči)

fa-proper noun

کراچی • (karâči)

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɑː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɔː.t͡ʃʰí]

[kʰʲæ.ɹɒː.t͡ʃʰíː]

[kʰä.ɾɔ.t͡ʃʰí]

Karachi (the largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province)


فیصل‌آباد

head

فیصلآباد • (feysal-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

فیصلآباد • (feysal-âbâd)

فیصلآباد (canonical)
feysal-âbâd (romanization)


حیدرآباد

head

حیدرآباد • (heydar-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

حیدرآباد • (heydar-âbâd)

[ʔäj.d̪ä.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪]

[ʔäj.d̪ä.ɾɔː.bɔːd̪̥]

the capital and largest city of Telangana, India, and de-jure capital of Andhra Pradesh

a Hyderabad State|former state]], landlocked in south-central India, from 1724 to 1948


مولتان

head

مولتان • (multân)

fa-proper noun

مولتان • (multân)


اسفره

Isfara (a city in Sughd Province, Tajikistan)


خاروغ

head

خاروغ • (xâroġ)

fa-proper noun

خاروغ • (xâroġ)


مظفرآباد

Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir#English

Muzaffarabad (a city, the provincial capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, an autonomous territory of Pakistan)


جده

[d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪ä]

[d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪ä]

[d͡ʒɪd̪.d̪ä]

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


ابوظبی

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby).

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Abu Dhabi emirate)

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates, on the southern Persian Gulf)


دوحه

Borrowed from Arabic الدَّوْحَة (ad-dawḥa).

Doha (the capital and largest city of Qatar)


اورنگ‌آباد

head

اورنگآباد • (owrang-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

اورنگآباد • (owrang-âbâd)

اورنگآباد (canonical)
owrang-âbâd (romanization)

[ʔaw.ɾan.ɡɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔäw.ɾäŋ.ɡɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔäw.ɾäŋ.ɡɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔäw.ɾäŋ.ɡɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔäw.ɾäŋ.ɡɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔow.ɹæŋ.ɡɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔäw.ɾäŋ.ɡɔ.bɔ́d̪]

Aurangabad (a district of Maharashtra, India)

Aurangabad (a large city, the headquarters of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India)


احمدآباد

head

احمدآباد • (ahmad-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

احمدآباد • (ahmad-âbâd)

→ Gujarati: અમદાવાદ (amdāvād)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अहमदाबाद (ahmadābād)

desc

اَحْمَد آباد

Urdu: اَحْمَد آباد (ahmad ābād)

→ Marathi: अहमदाबाद (ahmadābād)

[ʔah.ma.ðɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɑː.mä.d̪ɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɔː.mä.d̪ɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔæɦ.mæ.d̪ɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔäɦ.mä.d̪ɔ.bɔ́d̪]

Ahmedabad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


ظفرآباد

head

ظفرآباد • (zafar-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

ظفرآباد • (zafar-âbâd)

[zä.fä.ɾɔː.bɔːd̪̥]

[zæ.fæ.ɹɒː.bɒːd̪̥]

Zafarobod (a district of Sughd, Tajikistan)

Zafarobod (the district capital of the Zafarobod District, Sughd, Tajikistan)


خرم‌آباد

خرمآباد (canonical)
xurram-ābād (romanization)
xorram-âbâd (romanization)

Khorramabad (a city in Iran, the seat of Khorramabad County's Central District, and the capital of Lorestan Province)

Khorramabad (a county of Iran, around the city)


نورسلطان

head

نورسلطان • (nursoltân)

fa-proper noun

نورسلطان • (nursoltân)

Borrowed from Kazakh Нұр-Сұлтан (Nūr-Sūltan). By surface analysis, نور (nur) + سلطان (soltân).

surf

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


پیشاور

head

پیشاور • (pešâvar)

fa-proper noun

پیشاور • (pešâvar)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पुरुषपुर (puruṣapura). Compare Pashto پېښَوَر (pex̌awar), Urdu پِشاوَر (piśāvar).

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan).


کویته

Quetta (a city, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan).


خیبر پختونخوا

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English:_Q183314

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (a province in northwestern Pakistan)


استروشن

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾäw.ʃǽn]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾäw.ʃǽn]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʰä.ɾäw.ʃǽn]

Istaravshan (a city in Sughd, Tajikistan)


ترسون‌زاده

ترسونزاده (canonical)
torson-zâde (romanization)


کرت

Crete (an island in the Mediterranean, and the largest in Greece)


صنعا

head

صنعا • (san'â)

fa-proper noun

صنعا • (san'â)

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


کرج

karaj (romanization)
کَرَه (alternative archaic)

[kʰä.ɾǽd͡ʒ̥]

[kʰʲæ.ɹǽd͡ʒ̥]

Uncertain. Some possibilities include:
* Related to کرج (karj or karaj, “collar's button, hole or gap (in general or in clothes)”), because of the city's location in a crevice.
* Contraction of کرجی (karaji, “small boat”), referring to the fact of having to use one to cross the nearby river of the same name.
*Most likely related to کرمانشاه (kermânšâh, “Kermanshah”) and other place names starting with "کر", from Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gaⁱri, “mountain”), again referencing the city's terrain. Cognate with غور and Baluchi گر.

quote-book

از صید ماهی تا پادشاهی

1969, Hamzeh Sardadvar, از صید ماهی تا پادشاهی [From Fishing to the Kingdom], →ISBN:

quote-journal

Karaji dialect

2012 September, Reza Aghazadeh, “Karaji dialect”, in Iranian Society for the Promotion of Persian Language and Literature, volume 1, page 86:
فریدون جنیدی در مقاله "گزارشی پیرامون معنی واژه کرمان" بخش نخست این واژه یعنی "کر" را در واژه کرمان، کرمانشاه (کرماشا)، کرند، کراج، کرج و بسیاری از جایهای دیگر از واژه کئری kaeri (گَئِری gaeri) اوستایی به معناي رشته کوه میگیرند […]
Fereydun Janidi in the article "A report on the word Kerman's meaning" derived the first part of this word "kar" attested in Kermân, Kermânšâh (Kermâšâ), Kerend, Karâj, Karaj and many other places from Avestan kaeri (gaeri) meaning mountain range […]

Karaj (a city in Iran, the seat of Karaj County's Central District, and the capital of Alborz Province)

Karaj (a county of Iran, around the city)


پيرچيلي

head

پیرچیلی • (pirčili)

fa-proper noun

پیرچیلی • (pirčili)

پیرچیلی (canonical)
pirčili (romanization)

Bandar Abbas County
Bandar Abbas County#English

Pirchili, a village in Qaleh Qazi district, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran.


علوانيه

head

علوانیه • ('alvânîye)

fa-proper noun

علوانیه • ('alvânîye)

علوانیه (canonical)
'alvânîye (romanization)

Alvaniyeh, a village in Gazin district, Raghiveh district, Haftgel, Khuzestan Province, Iran.


رضويه

رضویه (canonical)
razaviye (romanization)

Razavi Khorasan province
Razavi Khorasan province#English

Razaviyeh (a city in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran).


چهارمحال و بختیاری

head

چهارمحال و بختیاری • (čahâr-mahâl-o baxtiyâri)

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.mä.ɦɑːl wä bäx.t̪ʰi.jɑː.ɾɪ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.mä.ɦɑːl wä bäx.t̪ʰi.jɑː.ɾɪ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɑːɾ.mɑːɑːl wä bäx.t̪ʰi.jɑː.ɾɪ]

[t͡ʃʰɔːɔːɾ.mɔːɔːl̥ wä bäx.t̪ʰi.jɔː.ɾi]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɦɒːɹ.mæ.ɦɒːl̥ o bæx.t̪i.jɒː.ɹe]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɔɾ.mä.ɦɔl vä bäχ.t̪ʰi.jɔ.ɾi]

From چهارمحال + و + بختیاری.

com

چهارمحال + و + بختیاری

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (a province of Iran).


قره درق سفلي

head

قره درق سفلی

fa-proper noun

قره درق سفلی

قره درق سفلی (canonical)
qarah daraq-e soflâ (romanization)

a village in Abish Ahmad district, Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.


مادرسرا

head

مادرسرا • (mâdar-sarâ)

fa-proper noun

مادرسرا • (mâdar-sarâ)

a village in Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran.


استان یزد

head

استان یزد • (ostân yazd)

fa-proper noun

استان یزد • (ostân yazd)


کلن

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


دهستان سيدشهاب

head

دهستان سیدشهاب

دهستان سیدشهاب • (dehestân seyyed-šahâb)

fa-proper noun

دهستان سیدشهاب

دهستان سیدشهاب (canonical)
dehestân seyyed-šahâb (romanization)

From دهستان + سیدشهاب.

com

دهستان + سیدشهاب

Seyyed Shahab Rural District
Seyyed Shahab Rural District

Central District
Central District#English

Tuyserkan County
Tuyserkan County#English

Seyyed Shahab Rural District, a rural district of the Central District, Tuyserkan County, Hamadan Province, Iran.


محمدآباد

From محمد + ـآباد.

af

محمد + ـآباد

Gonbad-e Qabus County
Gonbad-e Qabus County#English

Mohammadabad, a village in the Central District, Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran.


واسط

head

واسط • (vâset)

fa-proper noun

واسط • (vâset)


ادرنه

adirna (romanization)
aderne (romanization)

→ Punjabi: اَدِرْنَہ (adirnah)

→ Urdu: اَدِرْنَہ (adirna)

[ʔä.d̪ɪɾ.nä]

[ʔä.d̪ɪɾ.nä]

[ʔä.d̪ɪɾ.nä]

Etymology tree
Etruscan 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌀 (hatria)der.?
Latin Hadria
Latin -ānus
Latin Hadriānusbor.
Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós)
Proto-Indo-European *tpelH-
Proto-Hellenic *ptólis
Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis)
Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis)der.
Ottoman Turkish ادرنهbor.
Persian ادرنه
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ادرنه (edirne).

bor+

Edirne (a municipality, the capital of Edirne district and Edirne Province, Turkey)

Edirne (a province in eastern Thrace, in northwestern Turkey)

Edirne (a district of Edirne Province, Turkey)


گلگت-بلتستان

head

گلگت-بلتستان

fa-proper noun

گلگت-بلتستان

[ɡɪl.ɡɪt̪.bäl̪.t̪ʰɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ɡɪl.ɡɪt̪.bäl̪.t̪ʰɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ɡɪl.ɡɪt̪.bäl̪.t̪ʰɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

Pakistani-Administered Kashmir
Pakistani-Administered Kashmir#English

Gilgit-Baltistan (an administrative territory of Pakistan, part of Pakistani-Administered Kashmir, as well as the wider Kashmir region)


بعلبک

Borrowed from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


پرتگال

[pʰʊɾ.t̪ʰä.ɡɑːl]

Borrowed from Urdu پرتگال, from English Portugal, from Portuguese Portugal.


کوریا

head

کوریا • (kōriyā)

fa-proper noun

کوریا • (kōriyā)

Borrowed from English Korea, from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).
Akin to Pashto and Urdu کوریا (koryā)

(Dari) Korea (a geographic region consisting of two countries in East Asia, commonly known as South Korea and North Korea; formerly a single country)


بنگله‌دیش

head

بنگلهدیش • (bangla-dēš)

fa-proper noun

بنگلهدیش • (bangla-dēš)

بنگلهدیش (canonical)
bangla-dēš (romanization)

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]

[bäŋɡ.lä.d̪éːʃ]


مالیزیا

head

مالیزیا • (mālēziyā)

fa-proper noun

مالیزیا • (mālēziyā)


اندونیزیا

indōnīziyā (romanization)
indūnīziyā (romanization)

(Dari) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)

fa:اندونیزیا


مالدیف

head

مالدیف • (mâldif)

fa-proper noun

مالدیف • (mâldif)

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


چاتگام

head

چاتگام • (čâtgâm)

fa-proper noun

چاتگام • (čâtgâm)

→ Arabic: جَاتْجَام (jātjām)

[t͡ʃɑːt.ˈɡɑːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɑːt̪.ɡɑ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɔːt̪.ɡɔ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɒːt̪.ɡɒ́ːm]

[t͡ʃʰɔt̪.ɡɔ́m]


برازیل

brāzīl (romanization)
barāzīl (romanization)

Borrowed from Urdu برازیل, from English Brazil.

(Dari) Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


برطانیه

Borrowed from Arabic بِرِطَانِيَة (biriṭāniya).

etymon

ar>بِرِطَانِيَة>Britain

بریتانیا بریتانیا#Persian

(obsolete) Alternative form of بریتانیا (beritâniyâ):

(loosely) Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


آسترلیا

āstraliyā (romanization)
āstaraliyā (romanization)

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾä.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾä.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾä.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɔːst̪.ɾä.lí.jɔː]

آسترالیا آسترالیا#Persian

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


کرواسیا

head

کرواسیا • (kuruwāsiyā)

fa-proper noun

کرواسیا • (kuruwāsiyā)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


یورگوای

head

یورگوای • (yûragwây)

fa-proper noun

یورگوای • (yûragwây)

[juː.ɾǽˈɡwɑːj]

(Dari) Uruguay (a country in South America)


جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان

head

جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان • (jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye afġânestân)

jomhuri-ye eslâmi-ye afġânestân (romanization)

[d͡ʒäm.huː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔäf.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.muː.ɾí.jɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mí.jɪ ʔäv.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒä.mu.ɾí.ji ʔis.lɔː.mí.ji ʔäv.ɣɔː.nis.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je ʔes.lɒː.mí.je ʔæf.ɢɒː.nes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan#English

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan (a country in Central Asia)

en-جمهوری_اسلامی_افغانستان-fa-name-Na3jiNIX


بریتانیای کبیر

بِریتانِیایِ کَبیر

بِریتانِیایِ کَبیر • (beritâniyâ-ye kabir)

fa-proper noun

بِریتانِیایِ کَبیر

بِریتانِیایِ کَبیر (canonical)
beritâniyâ-ye kabir (romanization)

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q145

(loosely) Great Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


پاپوآ گینه نو

head

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو

fa-proper noun

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو

پاپوآ گینهٔ نو (canonical)
pâpu'â gine-ye now (romanization)

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


کولمبیا

head

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

fa-proper noun

کولَمْبِیَا • (kōlambiyā)

کولَمْبِیَا (canonical)
kōlambiyā (romanization)

Columbia (a river in the western United States and Canada)

unincorporated communities
unincorporated community

census-designated places
census-designated place

Columbia (numerous cities, towns, unincorporated communities and census-designated places in the United States)

Columbia (a federal district of the United States)


جمهوری تاجیکستان

head

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان • (jomhuri-ye tâjikestân)

fa-proper noun

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان

جُمْهوریِ تاجیکِسْتان (canonical)
jomhuri-ye tâjikestân (romanization)

[d͡ʒʊm.huː.ɾí.jɪ t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒʊ.muː.ɾí.jɪ t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒiː.kʰɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[d͡ʒom.huː.ɹí.je t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒiː.kʰʲes.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan#English:_Q863

Republic of Tajikistan (official name of Tajikistan, a country in Central Asia)


لوکزامبورگ

head

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

fa-proper noun

لوکزامبورگ • (lukzâmburg)

[luːkʲ.zɒːm.búːɹɡʲ̥]

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (one of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


مکسیکو

head

مَکْسِیکو or مکسیکو • (maksîkô or miksîkô)

مَکْسِیکو (canonical)
مکسیکو (canonical)
maksîkô (romanization)
miksîkô (romanization)

(Dari) Mexico (a country in North America)


اندورا

اندورا • (andōrrā)

fa-proper noun

اندورا • (andōrrā)

(Dari) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


ارجنتاین

arjintāyn (romanization)
arjantāyn (romanization)

[ʔäɾ.d͡ʒiɳ.ʈäjn]

[ʔäɾ.d͡ʒäɳ.ʈäjn]

Borrowed from Urdu ارجنٹائن, from English Argentina.

(Dari) Argentina (a country in South America)


ایتوپیا

head

ایتوپیا • (ītūpiyā)

fa-proper noun

ایتوپیا • (ītūpiyā)

Borrowed from Urdu اِتھوپیا (īthūpiya), from English Ethiopia, from Latin Ethiopia, from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía).

(Dari) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


آلبانیا

head

آلبانیا • (ālbānyā)

fa-proper noun

آلبانیا • (ālbānyā)

ālbānyā (romanization)
البانیا (alternative)

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲ.jɑː]

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲ.jɑː]

[ʔɑːl.bɑ́ːɲjɑː]

[ʔɔːl.bɔ́ːɲjɔː]

Borrowed from Urdu البانیا (albâniya), from English Albania. Possibly influenced by Iranian Persian آلبانی (âlbâni).


البانیا

head

البانیا • (albāniyā)

fa-proper noun

البانیا • (albāniyā)

آلبانیا آلبانیا#Persian

(Dari) Alternative spelling of آلبانیا: Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


بلجیم

head

بَلجیم • (baljīm)

fa-proper noun

بَلجیم • (baljīm)

بَلجیم (canonical)
baljīm (romanization)

Derived from English Belgium, probably via Pashto بېلجيم and Urdu بیلجیم.

bor

Pashto بېلجيم

(Dari) Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


بوسنیا

head

بوسنیا • (bōsniyā)

fa-proper noun

بوسنیا • (bōsniyā)

Borrowed from Urdu بوسنیا (bōsniya), from English Bosnia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Bosnia (a geographic region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisting of the northern three fourths of the country)

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا
بوسنیا و هرزگوینا#Persian

Bosnia (a country in southeast Europe; in full, بوسنیا و هرزگوینا (bōsniyā u harziguwīnā))


بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

head

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا • (bōsniyā u harziguwīnā)

fa-proper noun

بوسنیا و هرزگوینا

[boːs.ní.jɑː ʔʊ́ ʔäɾ.zɪ.ɡoː.wíː.nɑː]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

(Dari) Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


سومالیا

head

سومالیا • (sômâliyâ)

fa-proper noun

سومالیا • (sômâliyâ)

(Dari) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


وانده

head

وانده • (vânde)

fa-noun

وانده • (vânde)

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Vendée (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)


سلواکیا

head

سلواکیا • (s(i)lôwâkiyâ)

fa-proper noun

سلواکیا • (s(i)lôwâkiyâ)

(Dari) Slovakia (a country in Central Europe; capital: Bratislava)


فدراسیون روسیه

head

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه • (federâsyon-e rusiye)

fa-proper noun

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه

فِدِراسْیونِ روسِیِه (canonical)
federâsyon-e rusiye (romanization)

Russian Federation
Russian Federation#English:_Q159

Russian Federation (official name of Russia, a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ازبیکستان

head

ازبیکستان • (uzbēkistān)

fa-proper noun

ازبیکستان • (uzbēkistān)

From اُزْبیک (uzbēk) + ـِسْتَان (-istān).

af

اُزْبیک (uzbēk) + ـِسْتَان (-istān)

fa:ازبیکستان


اردستان

head

اردستان • (ardestân)

fa-proper noun

اردستان • (ardestân)

→ Azerbaijani: Ərdistan

→ Chagatai: اردستان

Uzbek: Ardiston

→ Ottoman Turkish: اردستان

Turkish: Erdistan

[ʔäɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[ʔäɾ.d̪is.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

[ʔæɹ.d̪es.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]


اوساکا

head

اوساکا • (ōsākā)

fa-proper noun

اوساکا • (ōsākā)

[ʔoː.sɑː.kʰɑː]

[ʔoː.sɑː.kʰɑː]

[ʔoː.sɑː.kʰɑː]

[ʔʊː.sɔː.kʰɔː]

Borrowed from English Osaka, from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

ja-r

Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)


بمبئی

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay)


ممبی

From Urdu مُمبَئی, from Marathi मुंबई (mumbaī).

der

Urdu مُمبَئی


ریو دو ژانیرو

head

ریو دو ژانیرو • (rio du žâniro) (Tajik spelling [Term?])

fa-proper noun

ریو دو ژانیرو

rio du žâniro (romanization)
spelling [Term?] (Tajik)

Borrowed from Portuguese Rio de Janeiro.

fa:ریو دو ژانیرو

Rio de Janeiro (a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

Rio de Janeiro (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


انتاریو

head

انتاریو • (ontâriyo)

fa-proper noun

انتاریو • (ontâriyo)

Borrowed from English Ontario, probably from Wyandot ontari꞉io.


کونیگسبرگ

(historical) Königsberg (the former capital of East Prussia)

fa:کونیگسبرگ


کالینینگراد

head

کالینینگراد • (kâliningrâd)

fa-proper noun

کالینینگراد • (kâliningrâd)

[kʰɑː.liː.niːŋɡ.ɾɑːd̪]

[kʰɑː.liː.niːŋɡ.ɾɑːd̪]

[kʰɑː.liː.niːŋɡ.ɾɑːd̪]

[kʰɒː.liː.niːɲɡʲ.ɹɒːd̪̥]

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád).

bor+

Калинингра́д

fa:کالینینگراد

Kaliningrad (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)


فلمنک

Ultimately related to Dutch Vlaming (“Fleming”).

(dated) the Netherlands (a country in Europe)


سلیمانیه

head

سلیمانیه • (sulaymāniyya /soleymâniye) (Tajik spelling Сулаймония)

fa-proper noun

سُلَیْمَانِیَّه

sulaymāniyya (romanization)
soleymâniye (romanization)
spelling Сулаймония (Tajik)

Borrowed from Arabic السُّلَيْمَانِيَّة (as-sulaymāniyya).

bor+

السُّلَيْمَانِيَّة

Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Sulaymaniyah Governorate#English

Sulaymaniyah (a city and capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan region of Iraq)


اسماعیلیه

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيَّة (al-ʔismāʕīliyya).

الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيَّة


لاذقیه

head

لاذقیه • (lāziqiyya /lâzeġiye) (Tajik spelling Лозиқия)

lāziqiyya (romanization)
lâzeġiye (romanization)
spelling Лозиқия (Tajik)

Dari: لَاذِقِیَه (lāziqiya)

desc

Iranian Persian: لَاذِقِیِّه (lâzeġiyye)

Tajik: Лозиқия (Loziqiya)

Borrowed from Arabic اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya).

bor+

اللَّاذِقِيَّة


جمهوری دموکراتیک کانگو

head

جمهوری دموکراتیک کانگو • (jumhūrī-yi dimōkrātīk-i kāngō)

jumhūrī-yi dimōkrātīk-i kāngō (romanization)

[d͡ʒʊm.huː.ɾí.jɪ d̪ɪ.moːk.ɾɑː.t̪ʰíː.kʰɪ kʰɑːŋ.ɡóː]

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Africa)

en-جمهوری_دموکراتیک_کانگو-fa-name-CkeJR1Gx


قیروان

Borrowed from Arabic قَيْرَوَان (qayrawān), from Middle Persian kʾlwʾn'.


تیمور شرقی

head

تیمورِ شَرْقی

تیمورِ شَرْقی • (timor-e šarqi)

fa-proper noun

تیمورِ شَرْقی

تیمورِ شَرْقی • (timor-e šarqi)

تیمورِ شَرْقی (canonical)
timor-e šarqi (romanization)

East Timor (a country and island in Southeast Asia; capital: Dili)


آسترالیا

āstrāliyā (romanization)
āstarāliyā (romanization)

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːst̪.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɑːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɑː.lí.jɑː]

[ʔɔːst̪.ɾɔː.lí.jɔː]

[ʔɔːs.t̪ʰä.ɾɔː.lí.jɔː]

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


آستریلیا

head

آستریلیا • (āstrēliyā)

fa-proper noun

آستریلیا • (āstrēliyā)

آسترالیا آسترالیا#Persian


کالیفورنیا

head

کالیفورنیا • (kâlêfôrniyâ)

fa-proper noun

کالیفورنیا • (kâlêfôrniyâ)

California (a state of the United States)

fa:کالیفورنیا


پالم

head

پَالَم • (pālam)

fa-proper noun

پَالَم • (pālam)

Perhaps borrowed from Hindustani پَالَم / पालम (pālam).

سَلْتَنَتِ شَاه عَالَم اَز دِهْلِی تَا پَالَم

The sultanate of Shah Alam II [only extends] from Delhi to Palam.

South West Delhi
South West Delhi#English

(Indo-Persian) Palam (a neighborhood of South West Delhi district, Delhi, India).


ورسای

head

ورسای • (versây)

fa-proper noun

ورسای • (versây)


گنجه

→ Azerbaijani: Gəncə

→ English: Ganja


فزان

Borrowed from Arabic فَزَّان (fazzān), from Latin Phazania.


سبها

head

سبها • (sabhâ)

fa-proper noun

سبها • (sabhâ)


اسپارت

head

اسپارت • (espârt)

fa-proper noun

اسپارت • (espârt)

Borrowed from French Sparte, from Latin Sparta, from Ancient Greek Σπάρτη (Spártē).


تسالونیک

head

تسالونیک • (tesâlonik)

fa-proper noun

تسالونیک • (tesâlonik)

Borrowed from French Thessalonique, from Latin Thessalonīca, from Ancient Greek Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníkē).


چهارباغ

head

چهارباغ • (čahârbâġ)

fa-proper noun

چهارباغ • (čahârbâġ)

čahârbâġ (romanization)
چهار باغ (alternative)
چارباغ (alternative)

→ Azerbaijani: Çaharbağ

[t͡ʃa.hɑːɾ.bɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.bɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɑːɾ.bɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰɑːɑːɾ.bɑːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰɔːɔːɾ.bɔːɣ]

[t͡ʃʰæ.ɦɒːɹ.bɒːɢ̥]

[t͡ʃʰä.ɦɔɾ.bɔʁ]

From چهار (čahâr, “four”) + باغ (bâġ, “garden”), literally “four gardens”.

compound

Chaharbagh (a city in Alborz Province, Iran)

Chaharbagh (a district of Alborz Province, Iran)


فرخار

head

فرخار • (farxâr)

Borrowed from Sogdian [Term?] (/βṛγʾr/, “Buddhist temple”), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “Buddhist temple”).

der

A city now split between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, in medieval times known for its Buddhist idol-temple and for the beauty of its inhabitants.


قنوج

qannuj (romanization)
کنوج (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic قَنُّوج (qannūj), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kaṇṇaüjja).

چو بازگشت به پیروزی از در قنوج
مظفر و ظفر و فتح بر یمین و یسار

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 30”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

When he returned in triumph from the gate of Kannauj,
Victorious, with victory and conquest to his left and right

čū bāzgašt ba pērōzī az dar-i qannūj
muzaffar u zafar u fath bar yamin u yasār

Kannauj (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


ماهین

head

ماهین • (māhin)

→ Bengali: মাহীন (mahin)

From ماه (mâh, “moon, month”) + ـین (-in, relative suffix).
 From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧 (byʿḥ /māh/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃 (m-a-h /māha/), from Proto-Iranian *mā́Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare Sanskrit मासीन (māsīna, “monthly, one month old, of a month”, adjective).


لاهه

head

لاهه • (lâhe)

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


خاوران

خاوران • (xâvarân)

[xɑː.wä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[xɑː.wä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[xɑː.wä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[xɔː.wä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[xɒː.væ.ɹɒ́ːn]

[χɔ.vä.ɾɔ́n]

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlwlʾn' /xwarwarān/, “sunset, west”). The "graveyard for victims of political execution" sense is from Khavaran cemetery, the unmarked cemetery in the capital of Tehran, located in the Khavaran district.


سیستان و بلوچستان

head

سیستان و بلوچستان • (sistân-o balučestân)

Sistan and Baluchestan
Sistan and Baluchestan#English:_Q939575

Sistan and Baluchestan (one of 31 provinces in Iran, in the south-east of the country)


خراسان شمالی

خراسان شمالی • (xorâsân-e šomâli)

fa-proper noun

خراسان شمالی • (xorâsân-e šomâli)

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ ʃʊ.mɑː.líː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ ʃʊ.mɑː.líː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ ʃʊ.mɑː.líː]

North Khorasan
North Khorasan#English:_Q180075


خراسان جنوبی

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]

[xʊ.ɾɑː.sɑ́ː.nɪ d͡ʒä.nuː.bíː]

South Khorasan
South Khorasan#English:_Q171551


خراسان رضوی

Razavi Khorasan
Razavi Khorasan#English:_Q587090


آگرا

head

آگرا • (âgrâ)

fa-proper noun

آگرا • (âgrâ)

Ultimately derived from Sanskrit, possibly via Hindustani आगरा (āgrā). See Agra for more.

Agra (a large city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, India)


پرند

[pʰä.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[pʰä.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[pʰä.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[pʰä.ɾǽn̪d̪̥]

[pʰæ.ɹǽn̪d̪̥]

[pʰä.ɾǽn̪d̪]

Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pryng /paring/, “damask textile with markings on it”).


الخلیل

alxalil (romanization)
خلیل (alternative archaic)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic الْخَلِيل (al-ḵalīl).

unadapted borrowing

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


شهر ناو

head

شهر ناو • (šahr-e nâv)

[ʃǽɦ.ɾɪ nɑ́ːw]

[ʃǽɦ.ɾɪ nɑ́ːw]

[ʃǽ.ɾɪ nɑ́ːw]

[ʃǽ.ɾi nɔ́ːw]

[ʃǽɦ.ɹe nɒ́ːv]

[ʃǽɦ.ɾi nɔ́w]

Literally, “Canal city”, in reference to its many canals.

(obsolete) Ayutthaya (a city in Thailand)


بین‌النهرین

بینالنهرین (canonical)
beyno-n-nahreyn (romanization)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic بَيْن النَّهْرَيْن (bayn an-nahrayn).

unadapted borrowing

بَيْن النَّهْرَيْن

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


بیجینگ

head

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

fa-proper noun

بیجینگ • (bējīng)

bējīng (romanization)
بیجنگ (alternative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


ناروی

head

ناروی • (nārwē)

fa-noun

ناروی • (nārwē)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


کوالالامپور

head

کوالالامپور • (kuwālā-lāmpūr /ku'âlâ-lâmpur)

kuwālā-lāmpūr (romanization)
ku'âlâ-lâmpur (romanization)
کوالا لامپور (alternative)

Ultimately derived from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country).

fa:کوالالامپور


شهر سبز

→ Azerbaijani: Şəhrisəbz

→ English: Shahrisabz

desc

شَہْرِ سَبْز

→ Punjabi: شَہْرِ سَبْز (śahr-e sabz)

→ Russian: Шахрисабз (Šaxrisabz)

→ Turkish: Şehrisebz

شَہْرِ سَبْز

→ Urdu: شَہْرِ سَبْز (śahr-i sabz)

→ Uzbek: Shahrisabz

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪ säbz]

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪ säbz]

[ʃɑː.ɾɪ säbz]

Ezafe of شهر (šahr, “city”) + سبز (sabz, “green”), literally “the green city”.


شکی

head

شکی • (šaki)

fa-proper noun

شکی • (šaki)


لنکران

[läŋ.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[läŋ.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[läŋ.kʰä.ɾɑ́ːn]

[läŋ.kʰä.ɾɔ́ːn]

[læɲ.kʰʲæ.ɹɒ́ːn]

[läŋ.kʰä.ɾɔ́n]


گلکنده

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كلكنده (Gülkünde)
Turkish: Gülkünde

Borrowed from Urdu گولْکُنْڈَہ (golkunḍa).


امارت اسلامی افغانستان

fa-adj

امارت اسلامی افغانستان • (emârat-e eslâmi-ye afġânestân)

emârat-e eslâmi-ye afġânestân (romanization)

[ʔɪ.mɑː.ɾä.t̪ʰɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mi.jɪ ʔäf.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ʔɪ.mɑː.ɾä.t̪ʰɪ ʔɪs.lɑː.mi.jɪ ʔäv.ɣɑː.nɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

[ʔi.mɔː.ɾä.t̪ʰi ʔis.lɔː.mi.ji ʔäv.ɣɔː.nis.t̪ʰɔːn]

[ʔe.mɒː.ɹæ.t̪ʰe ʔes.lɒː.mi.je ʔæf.ɢɒː.nes.t̪ʰɒːn]

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan#English:_Q889

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (official name of Afghanistan, a country in Central Asia, under Taliban rule in 1996–2001 and since 2021)

en-امارت_اسلامی_افغانستان-fa-name-hPHjLB6Q


جمهوری هند

Republic of India
Republic of India#English:_Q668

Republic of India (official name of India, a country in South Asia)


دولت اسرائیل

[d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰɪ ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiːl]

[d̪äw.lä.t̪ʰɪ ʔɪs.ɾɑː.ʔiːl]

State of Israel
State of Israel#English:_Q801

State of Israel (official name of Israel, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


دولت فلسطین

State of Palestine
State of Palestine#English:_Q219060

State of Palestine (official name of Palestine, a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


المپ

Borrowed from French Olympe, from Latin Olympus, from Ancient Greek Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos).


اکسیتانیا

head

اکسیتانیا • (oksitâniyâ)

fa-proper noun

اکسیتانیا • (oksitâniyâ)

Occitania (a cultural region in southwestern Europe where Occitan has historically been spoken, consisting of southern France, parts of Catalonia in Spain, and some valleys in northwestern Italy)

administrative region
administrative region

Occitania (an administrative region in southern France)


کاتالونیا

head

کاتالونیا • (kâtâloniyâ)

fa-proper noun

کاتالونیا • (kâtâloniyâ)

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


بیستون

Inherited from Old Persian *Bagastāna, from 𐏎 (BG /bagaʰ/, “god”) + 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/, “place”).
By folk etymology, بی (bi, “without, -less”) + ستون (sotun, “pillar”), referring to its ancient reliefs which are carved directly into the rock without pillars.

af

Bisotun (a city in Iran) (known for the Behistun inscription and associated with the legendary lover-architect Farhad)


ترابزون

head

ترابزون • (terâbzon)

terâbzon (romanization)
طرابزون (alternative dated)
طربزون (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Turkish Trabzon. Displaced طربزون (tarabzun), from Ottoman Turkish.

Trabzon, Trebizond (a city and province of Turkey)


سیام

سیام • (siyâm)

fa-proper noun

سیام • (siyâm)


جیپور

jaypūr (romanization)
jeypur (romanization)

[d͡ʒäj.pʰúːɾ]

[d͡ʒäj.pʰúːɾ]

[d͡ʒäj.pʰúːɾ]

[d͡ʒäj.pʰúɾ]

[d͡ʒäj.pʰúɾ]

Jaipur (the state capital of Rajasthan, India)

Jaipur (a district of Rajasthan, India, containing the city of the same name)


شهرکرد

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪ.kʰʊɹd̪]

[ʃäɦ.ɾɪ.kʰʊɹd̪]

[ʃɑː.ɾɪ.kʰʊɹd̪]

[ʃɔː.ɾu.kʰuɹd̪̥]

[ʃæɦ.ɹe.kʰoɹd̪̥]

Shahr-e Kord
Shahr-e Kord#English:_Q386649

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari#English

Shahr-e Kord (a city in Iran, the seat of Shahr-e Kord County's Central District, and the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)

Shahr-e Kord
Shahr-e Kord#English:_Q1279085

Shahr-e Kord (a county of Iran, around the city)


بندر عباس

head

بندر عباس • (bandar abbās /bandar abbâs)

bandar abbās (romanization)
bandar abbâs (romanization)

Bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas#English:_Q154814

Bandar Abbas (a port city in Iran, the seat of Bandar Abbas County's Central District, and the capital of Hormozgan Province)

Bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas#English:_Q154757

Bandar Abbas (a county of Iran, around the city)


ایلام

ایلام • (īlām /ilâm)

fa-proper noun

ایلام • (īlām /ilâm)

īlām (romanization)
ilâm (romanization)
عیلام (alternative)

From the name of the civilization, عیلام. See there for more.

Ilam (a city in Iran, the seat of Ilam County's Central District, and the capital of Ilam Province)

Ilam (a county of Iran, around the city)

Ilam (a province of Iran, formerly known as Poshtkuh)

(historical) Elam (an ancient civilization and empire in modern southwestern Iran, existing between c. 3200 BCE and 539 BCE)


عیلام

head

عیلام • (īlām /ilâm)

fa-proper noun

عیلام • (īlām /ilâm)

īlām (romanization)
ilâm (romanization)
ایلام (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic عِيلَام (ʕīlām), From Hebrew עֵילָם (ʿêlām), from Akkadian 𒉏𒈠𒆠 (Elamtu), from Sumerian 𒉏𒆠 (elamᵏⁱ /Elam/), from Elamite 𒄬𒆷𒁶𒋾 (ḫalˡᵃ-tam₆-ti /haltamti/).


یاسوج

yāsūj (romanization)
yâsuj (romanization)

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad#English

Yasuj (a city in Iran, the seat of Boyer-Ahmad County's Central District, and the capital of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province)


بویراحمد

buyir-ahmad (romanization)
boyer-ahmad (romanization)

Boyer-Ahmad (a county of Iran, with Yasuj, capital of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, as its capital)


اراک

head

اراک • (arāk /arâk) (Tajik spelling Арок)

arāk (romanization)
arâk (romanization)
spelling Арок (Tajik)

Persianization of earlier عراق (irāq, arāq /erâġ, arâġ), from Arabic اَلْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq), possibly a reference to عِرَاق الْعَجَم (ʕirāq al-ʕajam, “Persian Iraq”). The origin of Arabic اَلْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) itself is uncertain, and some say it is an Arabization of اراک, not the other way around. That would ultimately derive it from Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”).

fa-xlit

عِرَاق, عَرَاق

der

Arak (a city in Iran, the seat of Arak County's Central District, and the capital of Markazi Province, formerly called Soltanabad)

Arak (a county of Iran, around the city)


بجنورد

bujnūrd (romanization)
bojnurd (romanization)

Bojnord (a city in Iran, the seat of Bojnord County's Central District, and the capital of North Khorasan Province, formerly known as Bijangerd, or Buzanjird)

Bojnord (a county of Iran, around the city)


زاهدان

zāhidān (romanization)
zâhedân (romanization)

[zɑː.ɦɪ.d̪ɑːn]

[zɑː.ɦɪ.d̪ɑːn]

Sistan and Baluchestan
Sistan and Baluchestan#English

Zahedan (a city in Iran, the seat of Zahedan County's Central District, and the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province)

Zahedan (a county of Iran, around the city)


ارومیه

head

ارومیه • (urūmiya /orumiye) (Tajik spelling Урумия)

urūmiya (romanization)
orumiye (romanization)
spelling Урумия (Tajik)

Urmia (a salt lake northwestern Iran, near Turkey)

Urmia (a city in Iran, the seat of Urmia County's Central District, and the capital of West Azerbaijan Province, on the shore of the lake of the same name)

Urmia (a county of Iran, around the city)