مارس

fa-noun

مارس • (mârs)

Borrowed from French mars, from Old French mars, from Latin (mensis) mārtius.

(sometimes)

(time) March (month of the Gregorian calendar)


دور

Etymology tree
Arabic دَارَ (dāra)
Arabic دَوْر (dawr)bor.
Persian دور
Borrowed from Arabic دَوْر (dawr), from دَارَ (dāra).


وقت

fa-noun

وقت • (waqt / vaġt) (plural وقتها (waqt-hā / vaġt-hâ), or اوقات (awqāt / owġât))

waqt (romanization)
vaġt (romanization)
وقتها (plural)
وخت (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic وَقْت (waqt), itself suggested to be borrowed by Arabic from Iranic, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

der

برای خواندن همه این کتابها وقت ندارم.

barâ-ye xândan-e hame-ye in ketâb-hâ vaqt na-dâram.

I do not have time to read all of these books.

تنهایی، موضوعی است که کمتر مطرح میشود و بیشتر اوقات درباره آن بحث و گفتگو نمیکنیم.

2023 October 1, “چرا تنهاییم و با تنهایی چه کنیم؟”, in bbc.com/persian, BBC Persian:

Loneliness is a topic which is rarely brought forth, and most of the time, we do not discuss or make conversation about it.

tanhâyi, mowzu'i ast ke kamtar matrah mi-šavad va bištar-e owqât darbâre-ye ân bahs va goftogu ne-mi-konim.


آخر

fa-noun

آخر • (âxer)

→ Bengali: আখের (akher)

→ Gujarati: આખિર (ākhir), આખર (ākhar)

→ Hindi: आख़िर (āxir)

→ Khalaj: âxır

→ Marathi: अखेर (akher)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਖਰ (ākhar)

Shahmukhi script: آخر (āxar)

→ Urdu: آخِر (āxir)

Borrowed from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir, “last”).

bor+

میخواهم بروم ببینم آخرِ جویبار کجاست.

1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:

I want to go and see where the end of the stream is.

mi-xâham be-ravam be-binam âxar-e juybâr kojâ-st.


روز

fa-noun

روز • (rōz / ruz) (plural روزها (rōz-hā / ruz-hâ), or روزان (rōzān / ruzân))

rōz (romanization)
ruz (romanization)
روزها (plural)

→ Bengali: রোজ (rōj)

→ Old Gujarati: रोज (roja)

Gujarati: રોજ (roj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: रोज़ (roz)

Urdu: روز (roz)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਜ਼ (roz)

Shahmukhi script: روز (roz)

→ Telugu: రోజు (rōju)

→ Tamil: ரோஜ் (rōj)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas
Proto-Iranian *ráwčah
Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h)
Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm)
Persian روز
Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (yʿm), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas. Compare Indo-Iranian cognates Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬵 (raocah, “light, day”)) and Sanskrit रोचते (rocate, “to shine, to be bright”)).

cog

۳ روز است که پدرشان گم شده.

3 rōz ast ki padarašān gum šuda. (Classical)
3 ruz ast ke pedarešân gom šode. (Iran)

۳ روزه که پدرشون گم شده.

3 ruz-e ke pedarešun gom šode. (Iran, more colloquial)

Their father's been missing for three days.


سال

fa-noun

سال • (sâl) (plural سالها (sâl-hâ), or سالیان (sâliyân))

→ Azerbaijani: sal

→ Bengali: সাল (śal)

→ Gujarati: સાલ (sāl)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: साल (sāl)

Urdu: سال (sāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਲ (sāl)

Shahmukhi script: سال (sāl)

→ Sindhi: سال

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-?
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts
Proto-Iranian *carHdáh
Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d)
Middle Persian ŠNT
Persian سال
From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard/), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.

etymon

چند سالته؟


موسم

fa-noun

موسم • (mawsim / mowsem) (plural ممواسم (mawāsim / mavâsem), Tajik spelling мавсим)

mawsim (romanization)
mowsem (romanization)
ممواسم (plural)
spelling мавсим (Tajik)

→ Bengali: মৌসুম (mōuśum)

→ Gujarati: મોસમ (mosam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मौसम (mausam)

desctree

Urdu: مَوسَم (mausam)
→ Ushojo: موسم (mōsam)

→ Marathi: मोसम (mosam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੌਸਮ (mausam)

Shahmukhi script: موسَم (mosam)


صبح

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुबह (subah)

Urdu: صبح (subh)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੁਬ੍ਹਾ (subhā)

Shahmukhi script: صُبْح (ṣubḥ)

→ Mazanderani: صوی (sevi)


ماه

mâh (romanization)
ماهها (plural)
مه (alternative poetic)

→ Gujarati: માહ (māh)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: माह (māh)

Urdu: مَاہ (māh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has
Proto-Iranian *mā́Hah
Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃 (m-a-h)
Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧 (byʿḥ)
Persian ماه
From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧 (byʿḥ /māh/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃 (m-a-h /māha/), from Proto-Iranian *mā́Hah (compare Northern Kurdish meh, mang, Ossetian мӕй (mæj), Avestan 𐬨𐬃 (mā̊), 𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵 (måŋh), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has (compare Sanskrit मास (mā́sa)), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”) (compare Albanian muaj, Armenian ամիս (amis), French mois, Tocharian A mañ, English moon, month). Doublet of مانگ (mâng, “Moon”).
For the poetic sense "beautiful person," compare the semantics of Arabic قَمَر (qamar, “Moon; (in poetry) beautiful person”).


هفته

fa-noun

هَفْتِه • (hafte) (plural هفتهها (hafte-hâ))

هَفْتِه (canonical)
hafte (romanization)
هفتهها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: həftə

→ Bengali: হপ্তা (hopta)

→ Gujarati: હપતો (hapto)

→ Kazakh: апта (apta)

→ Kyrgyz: апта (apta)

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: hafta

→ Laz: ხაჶთა (xafta)

→ Marathi: हप्ता (haptā)

→ Nepali: हप्ता (haptā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हफ़्ता (haftā), हफ्ता (haphtā)

desctree

Urdu: ہَفْتَہ (hafta)
→ Ushojo: ہفتہ (haftah)
→ Wakhi: ہفتہ (haftah)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਫ਼ਤਾ (haftā)

Shahmukhi script: ہفتہ (hafta)

→ Rohingya: háfta

→ Uyghur: ھەپتە (hepte)

→ Uzbek: hafta

→ Turkmen: hepde

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá
Proto-Iranian *haptá
Middle Persian hp̄t'
Persian هَفْت
Proto-Iranian *-a-
Proto-Iranian *-kah
Proto-Iranian *-akah
Persian ـه
Persian هَفْتِه
From هفت (haft, “seven”) + ـه (-e). Akin to Baluchi ہپتگ (haptag) and Sanskrit सप्ताह (saptāha).

etymon

هَفْتِه

days of the week: روزْهایِ هَفْتِه: شَنْبِه · یِکشَنْبِه · دوشَنْبِه · سِهشَنْبِه · چَهارْشَنْبِه · پَنْجشَنْبِه · آدینِه


ساعت

fa-noun

ساعَت • (sâ'at) (plural ساعتها, or ساعات (sâ'ât))

ساعَت (canonical)
sâ'at (romanization)
ساعتها (plural)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܵܥܲܬ (sāʿat)

→ Azerbaijani: saat

→ Bashkir: сәғәт (səğət)

→ Kazakh: сағат (sağat), сәт (sät)

→ Chagatai: ساعت

Uyghur: سائەت (sa'et)

Uzbek: soat

→ Chuvash: сехет (seh̬et)

desctree

→ Georgian: საათი (saati)
→ Bats: საათ (saat)

→ Kazakh: сағат (sağat)

→ Northern Kurdish: seet

→ Kyrgyz: саат (saat)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ساعت

Turkish: saat

→ Albanian: sahat

→ Macedonian: са́ат (sáat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: са̑т/sȃt

→ Tatar: сәгать (sägat’)

→ Turkmen: sagat, сагат

دو ساعت

نیم ساعت

ساعتِ دو

ساعت چند است؟ — ساعت یک است.

ساعت چنده؟ — ساعت یکه.

چه ساعتی شام بخوریم؟

نیم ساعتی استراحت کردیم.

روز حرب چون چشم بر لشکر خصم افگنی و هر دو لشکر روی بیکدیگر نهند خندهناک باش و با لشکر خویش همی گوی که چه سگان باشند اینها؟ یک ساعت دمار ازیشان برآوریم.

When your eyes fall upon the enemy army on the day of battle and both armies face each other, be humorous and keep saying to your own army, "What kind of dogs are these? We'll take care of them in just an hour."

rōz-i harb čūn čašm bar laškar-i xasm afganī u har du laškar rōy ba yakdīgar nahand xanda-nāk bāš u bā laškar-i xwēš hamē gūy ki či sagān bāšand īnhā? yak sā'at damār az ēšān bar-awārēm.


دقیقه

fa-noun

دَقیقِه • (daqiqe) (plural دقائق (daqâ'eq), or دقیقهها)

دَقیقِه (canonical)
daqiqe (romanization)
دقائق (plural)
دقیقهها (plural)
دقه (alternative colloquial)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: दक़ीक़ा (daqīqā)

Urdu: دَقِیقَہ (daqīqa)

[d̪æ.ʁiː.ʁé]

[d̪æ.ʁiː.ʁé]


ثانیه

ثانیه • (sâniye) (plural ثانیهها (sâniye-hâ))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सानिया (sāniyā)

Urdu: ثانیہ (sāniyā)

یک دقیقه شصت ثانیه دارد.


سحر

ما درس سحر در ره میخانه نهادیم
محصول دعا در ره جانانه نهادیم

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 371”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

We have cast away our morning classes on the way to the tavern;
We have cast away the fruits of our prayers on the way to the beloved.

mā dars-i sahar dar rah-i mayxāna nihādēm
mahsūl-i du'ā dar rah-i jānāna nihādēm


دیر

fa-adj

دیر • (dir) (comparative دیرتَر, superlative دیرتَرین)

dir (romanization)
دیرتَر (comparative)
دیرتَرین (superlative)

From Middle Persian 𐫅𐫃𐫡 (dgr /daǧr/), 𐫅𐫏𐫡 (dyr /dēr/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/, “long”), from Proto-Iranian *dr̥Hgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.


دیر

→ Assamese: দেৰি (deri)

→ Bengali: দেরি (deri)

→ Hindi: देर (der)

→ Urdu: دیر (der)


قرن

fa-noun

قرن • (qarn) (plural قرنها (qarn-hâ), or قرون (qorun))


بامداد

بامداد • (bâmdâd)

→ Gujarati: બામદાદ (bāmdād)

[bɑːm.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bɑːm.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bɑːm.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bɔːm.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[bɒːm.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭬𐭣𐭠𐭲 (bāmdād, “dawn, morning”). Compare Baluchi باندات (bāndāt, “tomorrow, future”).


همیشه

head

همیشه • (hamēša /hamiše) (Tajik spelling ҳамеша)

hamēša (romanization)
hamiše (romanization)
spelling ҳамеша (Tajik)

Tajik: ҳамеша (hameša)

→ Armenian: համեշա (hameša)

→ Azerbaijani: həmişə

→ Bengali: হামেশা (hameśa)

→ Central Kurdish: ھەمیشە (hemîşe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हमेशा (hameśā)

Urdu: ہَمیشَہ (hameśa)

→ Punjabi: ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ (hameśā)

→ Turkmen: hemişe

→ Uyghur: ھەمىشە (hemishe)

→ Uzbek: hamisha

desc

→ Wakhi: ہمیشہ

→ Wakhi: ہمیشہ

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (hammēšag), from [script needed] (ham, “same”), and [script needed] (mēšag, “always”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Compare Gilaki همشک (hamešak).


عصر

fa-noun

عَصْر • (asr) (plural عصرها, or اعصار (a'sâr))

عَصْر (canonical)
asr (romanization)
عصرها (plural)

→ Bengali: আসর (aśor)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अस्र (asra)

Urdu: عَصْر ('asr)

عصر باستان


یوم

یوم • (yawm / yowm) (plural ایام (ayyām / eyyâm))

yawm (romanization)
yowm (romanization)
ایام (plural)

→ Urdu: یوم (yaum)

→ Hindi: यौम (yaum), इय्याम (iyyām)

(rare) aeon; epoch; period; age; era; (usually in the plural)


لحظه

لحظه • (lahze) (plural لحظهها (lahze-hâ), or لحظات (lahazât))

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लहज़ा (lahzā)

Urdu: لَحْظَہ (lahza)

یه لحظه صبر کن

آن دم که با تو باشم یک سال هست روزی
وان دم که بی تو باشم یک لحظه هست سالی

c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:

The little while that I am with you, one year is a day;
The little while that I am not with you, one moment is a year.

ān dam ki bā tu bāšam yak sāl hast rōzē
w-ān dam ki bē tu bāšam yak lahza hast sālē


پس‌فردا

پسفردا (canonical)
pas-fardâ (romanization)


پریروز

[pʰæɾiːˈɾuːz]

From پری (pari, parê, “day before yesterday”) + روز (ruz, “day”).

compound

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


پریروز

[pʰæɾiːˈɾuːz]


امسال

head

امسال • (emsâl)

From امـ (em, “to-; this”) + سال (sâl, “year”), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭣𐭭𐭤 (im, “this”) + 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl, “year”).


زمان

fa-noun

زمان • (zamân) (plural زمانها, or ازمنه (azmâne))

→ Armenian: զաման (zaman)

→ Azerbaijani: zaman

→ Bashkir: заман (zaman)

→ Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)

→ Kazakh: заман (zaman)

→ Kermanic:

Qohrudi: zamān

→ Khalaj: zamân

→ Central Kurdish: زهمان (zeman)

→ Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)

→ Malay: زمان / zaman

Indonesian: zaman, jaman

→ Ossetian: за́ман (záman)

→ Pashto: زمانه (zamâna)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زمان (zaman)

→ Turkish: zaman

→ Greek: ζαμάνι (zamáni)

→ Albanian: zaman

→ Serbo-Croatian: заман

→ Southern Altai: саман (saman)

→ Tatar: заман (zaman)

→ Waigali: zëmën

From Middle Persian 𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠 (ODNA /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩 (ẕmʾn' /zamān/), 𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩 (zmn' /zamān/), 𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zmʾn /zamān/), from Old Persian *jamānā; see there for more.

time, epoch, period, age, season (a broad time period; not the precise time on a clock)


نوبت

nowbat (romanization)
نوبتها (plural)
نوبه (alternative obsolete)

→ Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: нөвбә, нөвбәт

Latin script: növbə, növbət

→ Bengali: নওবৎ (noōbot)

→ Old Hindi:

Hindi: नौबत (naubat)

Urdu: نوبت (naubat)

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: ناۋبەت

Cyrillic script: нәубет (näubet)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نوبت (nevbet, nöbet)
Turkish: nöbet
→ Armenian: նէօպէթ (nēōpētʻ)
→ Georgian: ნობეთი (nobeti) — Chveneburi
→ Laz: ნობეთი (nobeti)
→ Romanian: nobet

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੌਬਤ (naubat)

Shahmukhi script: نَوْبَت (naubat)

→ Russian: наба́т (nabát)

→ Sindhi: نوبت

→ Tatar: нәүбәт (näwbät)

→ Uzbek:

Cyrillic script: навбат (navbat)

Latin script: navbat

Borrowed from Arabic نَوْبَة (nawba). Displaced native پستا (pastâ).


پسین‌فردا

پسینفردا (canonical)
pasin-fardâ (romanization)

two days after tomorrow
two days after tomorrow


پس پریروز

پسپریروز (canonical)
pas-pariruz (romanization)
پسپریروز (alternative)


پسین‌فرداشب

پسینفرداشب (canonical)
pasin-fardâ-šab (romanization)

two nights after tomorrow
two nights after tomorrow


سده

sade (romanization)
سدهها (plural)
صده (alternative)


فرداشب

fa-noun

فرداشب • (fardâ-šab)


شبانگاه

شبانگاه • (šabângâh)

[ʃæbɒːŋˈɡɒːh]


پس‌فرداشب

پسفرداشب (canonical)
pas-fardâ-šab (romanization)


پریشب

[pʰæɾiːˈʃæb]

the night before last
the night before last


پریشب

[pʰæɾiːˈʃæb]


گاه‌شماری هجری خورشیدی

گاهشماری هجری خورشیدی

گاهشماری هجری خورشیدی • (gâh-šomâri-ye hejri-ye xoršidi)

گاهشماری هجری خورشیدی (canonical)
gâh-šomâri-ye hejri-ye xoršidi (romanization)

Hijri Solar calendar
Hijri Solar calendar

en-گاه‌شماری_هجری_خورشیدی-fa-name-6D-NHQet


اوان

avân (romanization)
اوانها (plural)
آوام (alternative)

Reborrowed from Arabic أَوَان (ʔawān), from Middle Persian ʾwʾm, ʾʾwʾm (āwām, “time, space of time; age, epoch; point of time, occasion”).


آوام

آوام • (âvâm) (plural آوامها)

âvâm (romanization)
آوامها (plural)
اوان (alternative)

From Middle Persian ʾwbʾm (āwām, “time, season”), compare Manichaean Middle Persian ʾwʾm, ʾʾwʾm (āwām, “time, space of time; age, epoch; point of time, occasion”).


گرگ‌ومیش

گرگومیش (canonical)
gorg-o-miš (romanization)
گرگ ومیش (alternative)
گرگ و میش (alternative)

گرگ (gorg, “wolf, wolves”) + و (o, “and”) + میش (miš, “ewe, ewes”). Compare French entre chien et loup.


تسو

→ Middle Armenian: թասու (tʻasu)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (tasūg), from where also borrowed Arabic طَسُّوج (ṭassūj) and Classical Syriac ܛܺܝܣܽܘܓܳܐ (ṭīssūḡā), according to Friedrich Müller a loan of Pali catasso f (“four”).

inh+

the twenty-fourth part of a weight, measure, or day


بلافاصله

head

بلافاصله • (belâfâsele)

From بلا (belâ-, “without”) + فاصله (fâsele, “space, interval”).


دقه

دقیقه دقیقه#Persian

(colloquial) alternative form of دقیقه (daqiqe): minute (unit of time)


روزی از روزها

head

روزی از روزها • (ruzi az ruz-hâ)

(used at the beginnings of fairytales) once upon a time


روزی روزگاری

روزی روزگاری • (ruzi ruzegâri)


پارسال

پارسال • (pârsâl)

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɑːɾ.sɑ́ːl]

[pʰɔːɾ.sɔ́ːl̥]

[pʰɒːɹ.sɒ́ːl̥]

A compound of پار (pâr, “last”) + سال (sâl, “year”).
The first component is from Old Persian [script needed] (paruva), from Proto-Iranian *pṛHwo-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (cognates include English before), and the second component is from Middle Persian ŠNT (sāl, “year”), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard-, θarad-/, “year”), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.


پرندوش

پرن (paran, “past, last night”) + دوش (duš, “last night”). The first part is akin to Parthian [Term?], for the second part compare Sanskrit दोषा (doṣā, “darkness, eveningn, night”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš, “night, last night”).


گاه‌شماری

fa-noun

گاهشماری • (gâh-šomâri)

گاهشماری (canonical)
gâh-šomâri (romanization)

[ɡɑːɦ.ʃʊ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[ɡɑːɦ.ʃʊ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[ɡɑː.ʃʊ.mɑː.ɾíː]

[ɡɔː.ʃu.mɔː.ɾí]

[ɡ̥ɒːɦ.ʃo.mɒː.ɹíː]

[ɡɔɦ.ʃu.mɔ.ɾí]

From گاه (gâh, “time”) + شماری (šomâri, “counting”).

af

گاهشماری هجری خورشیدی

Hijri solar calendar (calendar used in Iran)

گاهشماری بهائی

گاهشماری بودایی


هزاره

From Classical Persian هزار (hazār, “thousand”) + ـه (-a).

fa:مردمان هزاره
fa:هزاره