تنگ

Via Chagatai from Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “equal; sort, type, etc.”), or specifically 戥 (“small steelyard for weighing money and similar items”).

ltc-l

a wooden instrument with iron teeth used in separating rice from the chaff


دستره

dastare (romanization)
dastarre (romanization)
دست اره (alternative)
دستر (alternative)

From دست (dast, “hand”) + اره (arre, “saw”).


اره

→ Khalaj: harra

From Proto-Indo-European *sers- (“to cut off”). Compare Latin serra (“saw”) (whence English serra), Mazanderani هره (hare, “saw”), and Baluchi ہرگ (harrag, “saw”).

der

درخت اگر متحرک شدی ز جای به جای
نه جور اره کشیدی و نه جفای تبر

c. 1180, Anwarī, “Qaṣīda 72”, in دیوان انوری [Dīvān of Anvarī]:

If trees could move about from place to place,
They would suffer neither the oppression of the saw nor the torment of the axe.

diraxt agar mutaharrik šudē zi jāy ba jāy
na jawr-i arra kašīdē u na jafā-yi tabar


پیچ‌گوشتی

fa-noun

پیچگوشتی • (pič-gušti) (plural پیچگوشتیها)

پیچگوشتی (canonical)
pič-gušti (romanization)
پیچگوشتیها (plural)


چکش

چَکُش • (čakoš) (plural چکشها)

چَکُش (canonical)
čakoš (romanization)
چکشها (plural)
چکوچ (alternative)
چاکوچ (alternative)
چکوج (alternative)
چلوچ (alternative)

desc

→ Arabic: شَاكُوش

→ Arabic: شَاكُوش

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰʊ́ʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰúʃ]

[t͡ʃʰækʲ.kʰóʃ]

[t͡ʃʰä.kʰúʃ]

From earlier چکوچ (čakuč), from Middle Persian ckwc (čakuč, “hammer”), from Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš, “battle-axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *keku- (“cudgel, hammer shaped stick”).

der

داس و چکش


منشار

fa-noun

منشار • (menšâr) (plural مناشیر (manâšir), or منشارها (menšâr-hâ))


رنده

→ Armenian: ռանդա (ṙanda)

→ Azerbaijani: rəndə

→ Gujarati: રંદો (rando)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: رنده (rende)
Turkish: rende
→ Albanian: rende
→ Armenian: ըռենտե (əṙente), էրենտե (ērente)
→ Aromanian: réndã, rindéauã
→ Bulgarian: ренде́ (rendé)
→ Greek: ρεντές (rentés)
→ Macedonian: ренде (rende)
→ Romanian: rindea, rendea, rândea, rindă
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: рѐнде
Latin script: rènde

→ Uyghur: رەندە (rende)

→ Urdu: رندہ (randā)

→ Ushojo: رندہ (randah)

From Middle Persian *randag, found also in early Classical Arabic as رَنْدَج (randaj), derivative to the verb رَندیدَن (randidan, “to grate, to scrape”).

plane (A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.)


بیل

→ Azerbaijani: bel

→ Ingush: бел (bel)

→ Karakalpak: бел

→ Kazakh: бел (bel) (Karakalpakstan, Turkmenistan)

→ Khalaj: bil

→ Ottoman Turkish: بل (bel)
Turkish: bel

→ Turkmen: pil, bel

→ Uyghur: بەل (bel)

→ Uzbek: bel, belkurak

→ Urdu: بیل (bēl, bīl)

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (byl /bēl/), from Proto-Iranian *bádHr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰádʰHr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂-r̥. Compare Latin fodiō (“to dig”), Serbo-Croatian bȏd (“sting”).

inh+

در خبر است که عیسی (ع) پیری را دید بیل در دست و کار می کرد. گفت، «بارخدایا! امل از دل وی بیرون کن». بیل از دست وی بیفتاد و بخفت. چون ساعتی بود گفت، «بارخدایا! امل با وی ده». پیر برخاست و در کار ایستاد. عیسی از وی بپرسید که این چه بود؟ گفت، «در دل من آمد که چرا کار می کنی؟ پیر شدهای، زود بمیری». بیل بنهادم. پس دیگر بار در دل من آمد که لابد تو را نان باید تا بمیری، باز برخاستم.

1105, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazalī, کیمیای سعادت [The Alchemy of Happiness]:

It is reported that Jesus (peace be upon him) saw an old man who was working with a shovel in his hand. He said, "Lord God! Take desire away from his heart." The shovel fell from his hand, and he slept. When some time had passed, he said, "Lord God! Grant him desire." The old man woke up and stood up to do work. Jesus asked him, "What happened?" He said, "The thought came to my heart: 'What am I working for? You have become old, you will die soon.' I put down my shovel. Then a later time, the thought came to my heart: 'You need food until you die.' I stood up again."

dar xabar ast ki īsā (alayhi as-salām) pīrē dīd bēl dar dast u kār mē-kard. guft, "bārxudāyā! amal az dil-i way bērūn kun." bēl az dast-i way biyuftād u bixuft. čūn sā'atē būd guft, "bārxudāyā! amal bā way dih." pīr barxāst u dar kār īstād. īsā az way bipursīd ki īn či būd? guft, "dar dil-i man āmad ki čirā kār mē-kunī? pīr šuda'ī, zūd bimīrī. bēl binihādam. pas dīgar bār dar dil-i man āmad ki lābud tu rā nān bāyad tā bimīrī, bāz barxāstam.


پرگار

fa-noun

پَرْگار • (pargâr) (plural پرگارها)

پَرْگار (canonical)
pargâr (romanization)
پرگارها (plural)
پرگال (alternative)

desc

→ Arabic: بِرْكَار (birkār), فِرْجَار (firjār), بِرْجَار (birjār), بَرْجَل (barjal), بِيكَار (bīkār)

→ Azerbaijani: pərgar

→ Georgian: ფარგალი (pargali)

→ Middle Armenian: փարկալ (pʻarkal), փալկալ (pʻalkal)

Armenian: փարգալ (pʻargal)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرگار (perger), پرگال (pergel)

Turkish: pergel

→ Armenian: փերգել (pʻergel), փերկել (pʻerkel)

→ Bulgarian: пергел (pergel)

→ Romanian: perghel

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɑ́ːɾ]

[pʰäɾ.ɡɔ́ːɾ]

[pʰæɹ.ɡɒ́ːɹ]

From Proto-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-Iranian. Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (prγrs’y /parγarsē/, “round, oval”), Northern Kurdish pergal (“mode, system, order”), Sanskrit प्रकार (prakāra, “sort, kind, form, nature, way, mode, manner”). The first element is from Proto-Iranian *pari- (“around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, front”).

der

جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
سر گرچه دو کردهایم یک تن داریم

11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr:

My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm


پارو

pâru (romanization)
پاروها (plural)
پارو (singular)
پاروها، پاروا (pâru-hấ, pâruấ^△) (colloquial plural)
پارو را، پارو رو (pârú râ, pârú ro^△) (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
پاروی (ezafe singular)
پارویی (definite relative singular)
پارویی (indefinite singular stressed)
پارویم، پاروم (pârúyam, pârúm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
پارویت، پاروت (pârúyat, pârút^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
پارویش، پاروش (pârúyaš, pârúš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
پاروب (alternative)

Khalaj: pâru


تیشه

→ Armenian: թիշա (tʻiša) (New Julfa)

→ Gujarati: તેશા (teśā)

تیشه به ریشه زدن


گونیا

guniyâ (romanization)
گونیاها (plural)
گونیا (singular)
گونیاها (plural)
گونیای (ezafe singular)
گونیاهای (ezafe plural)
گونیایی (definite relative singular)
گونیایی (indefinite singular stressed)
گونیاهایی (definite plural relative)
گونیاهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
گونیایم، گونیام (guniyấyam, guniyấm^△) (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
گونیایت، گونیات (guniyấyat, guniyất^△) (colloquial second-person singular)
گونیایش، گونیاش (guniyấyaš, guniyấš^△) (colloquial possessive singular third-person)

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle; joiner's square; cornerstone”), probably via Classical Syriac ܓܘܢܝܐ (gōnyā).


کلنگ

kolang (romanization)
kolong (romanization)
کلنت (alternative)

→ Armenian: քլունգ (kʻlung, “pickaxe”)

desc

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كلنك (külünk, külüng, “pickaxe”) [since 13ᵗʰ century]

Azerbaijani: külüng

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: كلنك (külünk), كولونك (külünk)
Turkish: külünk
→ Romanian: chilom

[kʰo.læɲɡʲ̥]

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, strike, break”). Compare کلند (koland).


مهره

fa-noun

مهره • (mohre) (plural مهرگان (mohregân), or مهرهها)

mohre (romanization)
مهرگان (plural)
مهرهها (plural)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Azerbaijani: möhrə
Ottoman Turkish: مهره (mühre)
Turkish: mühre

From Middle Persian [script needed] (mwhlk' /muhrag/, “bead, vertebra, piece (in backgammon, etc.)”). Compare Parthian [script needed] (mwhrg /muhrag/). Equivalent to مهر (mohr, “seal”) + ـه (-e). Note especially the meanings of a polished parchment or papyrus found in Arabic مُهْرَق (muhraq), apart from Old Armenian մուրհակ (murhak, “deed”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מוהרק (mūhraq, “writ”) and the many senses of Sanskrit मुद्रा f (mudrā, “seal”), from which the meanings of a bead or shell must be transferred. For comparison, one even derived, by way of an absurd literary meaning-guessing, the sense of a “mirror” for سَجَنْجَل (sajanjal, “glossy papyrus leaves”), the original meaning being a hapax against copious abuse. Akin to Mazanderani میرکا (mirkâ, “bead”).

cog

grinding shell or stone or other polishing instrument


داس

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dʾs /dās/), from Old Persian [Term?] (/*dāça/), from Proto-Iranian *dáHθra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHtram (“sickle”). Compare Sanskrit दात्र (dātra).

inh

داس و چکش

از باغ ملک سبزه بیگانه را درود
شمشیر همچو داس شهنشاه کامکار

c. 1649, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “On the conquest of Qandahār and praise of Shah ʿAbbās II”, in دیوان [Dīvān]:

The sickle-like sword of the emperor who achieves his will
Has harvested foreign plants from the garden of sovereignty.

az bāġ-i mulk sabza-yi bēgāna rā durūd
šamšēr-i hamčū dās-e šahinšāh-i kāmkār


سندان

fa-noun

سندان • (sendân)

→ Armenian: զնդան (zndan)

Akin to Classical Syriac ܣܕܢܐ (seddānā), Arabic سَنْدَان (sandān, “anvil”) and perhaps Old Armenian սանդ (sand, “pounding-mortar”), Iranian borrowings.


پتک

→ Ottoman Turkish: پتك (petk)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (potk, “sledgehammer”).

inh

هست آن آهن فقیر سخت کش
زیر پتک و آتش است او سرخ و خوش

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 830:

That iron is the dervish who bears hardship (self-mortification):
under the hammer and the fire he is red and happy.

hast ān āhan faqīr saxt kaš
zēr putk u ātiš ast ō surx u xwaš


منگال

fa-noun

منگال • (mangâl)

Borrowed from Aramaic מַגְּלָא / ܡܓܠܐ (maggǝlā).


سپار

سپار • (sopâr)


منگنه

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish منگنه (mengene).


قلمتراش

desc

→ Armenian: ղալամթրաշ (ġalamtʻraš), խալեմթրաշ (xalemtʻraš), ղըլըմթրաշ (ġələmtʻraš), կա̈լա̈մթրաշ (kälämtʻraš), խալէմթրաշ (xalēmtʻraš) — traditional orthography

→ Azerbaijani: qələmtəraş, qələmtaraş

→ Ottoman Turkish: قلمتراش (kalemtıraş, kalemtraş)

Turkish: kalemtıraş, kalemtraş


سنبه

→ Azerbaijani: sümbə (Şərur)

→ Georgian: ზუმბა (zumba)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सुम्ब (sumb), सुंबा (sumbā)

Urdu: سمبا (sumba)

→ Maithili: सुंभा (sumbhā)

→ Marathi: सुंबा (sumbā), सुंभा (sumbhā)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنبه (zımba), زمبه (zımba), زنبا (zımba)
Turkish: zımba
→ Armenian: զըմպա (zəmpa)
→ Greek: ζουμπάς (zoumpás)

The stem of سفتن (softan) / سفتیدن (softidan) / سنبیدن (sonbidan, “to bore, to penetrate”), which is also an alternative form of سم (som, “hoof”), + ـه (-e).


ماله

fa-noun

ماله • (mâle)

mâle (romanization)
مالچ (alternative)
مالش (alternative)

→ Khalaj: mâla

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ماله (mala)
Turkish: mala
→ Armenian: մալա (mala), մա̈լա̈ (mälä)

From Middle Persian *mālag, whence also Arabic مَالَج (mālaj), مَالَق (mālaq, “trowel”) and مَيْلَق (maylaq, “touchstone, whetstone”); from the stem of مالیدن (mâlidan, “to rub, to smooth, to polish”).

anything with which ground is smoothed; trowel; harrow


نیشتر

fa-noun

نیشتر • (ništar)

ništar (romanization)
نشتر (alternative)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܫܬܪ (naštār)

→ Azerbaijani: neştər

→ Georgian: ნესტარი (nesṭari)

→ Kurdish:

desc

Northern Kurdish: niştir, neşter, niştir, nişter, niştêr

Central Kurdish: نەشتەر (neşter)

→ Middle Armenian: նշտար (nštar)

Armenian: նշտար (nštar)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نیشتر (nişter), نشتر (neşter)
Turkish: neşter
→ Albanian: neshter
→ Armenian: նէշտէր (nēštēr)
→ Greek: νυστέρι (nystéri)
→ Romanian: nișter

→ Pashto: نشتر (naštár), نيشتر (ništár)

desc

→ Udi: ништӏар (nišṭar)

→ Udi: ништӏар (nišṭar)

[niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

[niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɹ]

Formed with a base ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-Iranian *náyȷ́žʰam.
Akin to Middle Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian նիշտր (ništr), նշտրակ (nštrak), and Classical Syriac ܐܫܬܪܟܐ (/ˀštrkˀ/) to be emended to ܢܫܬܪܟܐ* (/*nštrkˀ/).


ساطور

fa-noun

ساطور • (sâtur)

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɑː.t̪ʰúːɾ]

[sɒː.t̪ʰúːɹ]


ماشه

ماشه • (mâše)


جندره

An Indo-Aryan borrowing, ultimately from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra).

two pieces of wood used for smoothing linens; a calender, mangle


چاولی

چاولی • (čâvli)

→ Arabic: جَاوْلِيّ (jāwliyy)

Apparently from the Turkic چاولی (çavli) in reminiscence to the front of a sparrowhawk or like bird.


مته

→ Khalaj: məttə


فندق‌شکن

فندقشکن • (fandoq-šekan) (plural فندقشکنها)

فندقشکن (canonical)
fandoq-šekan (romanization)
فندقشکنها (plural)

From فندق (fandoq, “hazelnut”) + شکن (šekan).


دمه

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: دمه (deme)
Turkish: deme

bellows, a device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity


پرماه

fa-noun

پرماه • (parmâh)

parmâh (romanization)
پرماهه (alternative)
پرمه (alternative)
برماه (alternative)
برماهه (alternative)
برمه (alternative)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बर्मा (barmā)

Urdu: بَرْما (barmā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرماه (permah)

A Turkic borrowing. Unrelated to similar Semitic words treated at Arabic بَيْرَم (bayram).