خرگوش

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خرگوش • (xargôš) (plural خرگوشها (xargôš-hâ))

→ Arabic: خَرْكُوش (ḵarkūš, “plantain”) (never common)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़रगोश (xargoś)

Urdu: خرگوش (xargoś)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਰਗੋਸ਼ (xargoś)

Punjabi: خرگوش (xargoś)

From Middle Persian 𐭤𐭫𐭢𐭥𐭱 (xar-gōš, “rabbit, hare”, literally “big ear”), equivalent to خر (xar) + گوش (gôš). Compare Tajik харгӯш (xargüš), Talysh هووش, هوۊش (havüš), Pashto خرغوږ (xarğwaž), خرغوړ (xarğwaṛ), خرغوګ (xarğwag, “mullein”, literally “big ear”).

inh

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


شیر

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /šagr, šēr/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).
Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lion heads.


پروانه

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پروانه • (parvâne)

fa-proper noun

پروانه • (parvâne)

From Middle Persian plwʾnk' (parwānag, “guide, leader”). Compare فرانه (farâne), فرانک (farânak). For the sense “caracal”, see Iranica.

der

Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hwás (“before, first”)

a female given name, Parwana or Parvaneh, from Middle Persian or Iranian Persian


فیل

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فیل • (fil) (plural فیلها (fil-hâ) or فیلان (filân))

fil (romanization)
فیلها (plural)
فیلان (plural)

→ Bashkir: фил (fil)

→ Yagnobi: фил (fil)

→ Chechen: пийл (piı̇l)

→ Georgian: ჶილი (fili) — Fereydan

→ Hindi: फ़ील (fīl)

→ Kazakh: піл (pıl)

→ Kyrgyz: пил (pil)

→ Northern Kurdish: fîl

→ Pashto: پيل (pil)

→ Tajik: фил (fil)

→ Tatar: фил (fil)

→ Turkmen: pil

→ Urdu: فیل (fīl)

→ Uyghur: پىل (pil)

→ Uzbek: fil

Borrowed from Arabic فِيل (fīl), itself from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), ultimately from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (/pīru/). Doublet of پیل (pil).


سگ

سَگ • (sag) (plural سگها (sag-hâ) or سگان (sagân))

سَگ (canonical)
sag (romanization)
سگها (plural)
سگان (plural)

From Middle Persian sag, from Old Persian *𐏂𐎣 (*çaka-) (compare an Iranian denotation of the dog *spaka-, Old Median σπάκα (spáka), Northern Kurdish se, seg, and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), from Middle Median *aspak), from Proto-Iranian *cwā́ (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)), Pashto سپی (spëy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́ (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

سگ من تندتر از سگ تو میدوه.


اسب

اسب • (asb) (plural اسبها (asb-hâ) or اسبان (asbân))

asb (romanization)
اسبها (plural)
اسبان (plural)

→ Judeo-Tat: ⱨəsb

PIE word
 *h1éḱwos
From earlier اسپ (asp), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾsp̄ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (aspa), from Old Median *aspah (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (asa)), from Proto-Iranian *Hácwah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Northern Kurdish hesp, esp, Pashto آس (ās), Ossetian ефс (efs)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (compare Sanskrit अश्व (áśva)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (compare Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Lithuanian ašva (“mare”), Latin equus).


گاو

→ Urdu: گاو (gāv, gāo)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA /gāw/), from Old Persian 𐎥𐎢 (g-u), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.
Cognate to English cow, Urdu گائے (gāe) / Hindi गाय (gāy), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs.

گاو فلکی چو گاو دریا، گوهر بگلو در از ثریا.

1192, Nizami Ganjavi, “Layla and Majnun”, in Khamsa:

the celestial Bull, like the cow of the sea, has on its neck gems, and pearls from the Pleiades.

gâv-e falaki čo gâv-e daryâ, gowhar be-galu dorr az sorayyâ.


گربه

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گُرْبِه • (gorbe) (plural گربهها (gorbe-hâ) or گربگان (gorbegân))

گُرْبِه (canonical)
gorbe (romanization)
گربهها (plural)
گربگان (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गुर्बा (gurbā)

Urdu: گربہ (gurbā)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gwlbk' /gurbag/, “cat”), from Proto-Iranian *wr̥pa-ka-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥pís. Compare Lithuanian vilpišys (“wildcat”), Latin vulpes (“fox”). Perhaps anciently related to روباه (rubâh, “fox”); see there for more.

inh

و آن جا زنان را علتی میافتد به اوقات که چون مصروعی دو سه بار بانگ کنند و باز به هوش آیند و در خراسان شنیده بودم که جزیرهای است که زنان آن جا چون گربگان به فریاد میآیند و آن بر این گونه است که ذکر رفت.

c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:

And there, a disease comes upon women from time to time so that they cry out like an epileptic two or three times, then return to sanity again. And in Khurasan, I had heard that there is an island whose women scream like cats. That is the same sort of thing as what has been mentioned.

w-ān jā zanān rā ilatē mē-uftad ba awqāt ki čōn masrū'ē du si bār bāng kunand u bāz ba hōš āyand u dar xurāsān šunīda būdam ki jazīra'ē ast ki zanān ān jā čōn gurbagān ba faryād mē-āyand u ān bar īn gōna ast ki zikr raft.


ببر

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ببر • (babr) (plural ببرها (babr-hâ) or ببران (babrân))

babr (romanization)
ببرها (plural)
ببران (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बबर (babar)

Urdu: ببر

→ Khalaj: bəbr

→ Russian: бабр (babr)

→ Yakut: баабыр (baabır)

→ Tajik: бабр (babr)

* From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger, lion, panther”), ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (urbarra, literally “outside dog, wild predator”) likely inherited from an Old Persian form, becoming semantically specified from the more general "wild predators".
* From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger”), dubiously connected to Proto-Indo-Iranian *wy(H)āgʰrás. Cognate with Sanskrit व्याघ्र (vyāghrá) and related to Old Armenian վագր (vagr) and Old Georgian ვიგრი (vigri) (both loanwords from Iranian).


خرس

xers (romanization)
خرسها (plural)
خرس (singular)
خرسها، خرسا (xers-hấ, xersấ^△) (plural)
خرس را، خرس رو (xers râ, xerso^△) (definite direct-object singular)
خرس (ezafe singular)
خرسهای، خرسای (xers-hấ-ye, xersấ-ye^△) (ezafe plural)
خرسی (definite relative singular)
خرسی (indefinite singular stressed)
خرسم (first-person singular)
xersam (first-person singular)
خرسیم (first-person plural)
xersim (first-person plural)
خرسی (second-person singular)
xersi (second-person singular)
خرسید (plural second-person)
xersid (plural second-person)
خرسین (colloquial plural second-person)
xersin (plural second-person)
خرس است (singular third-person)
xers ast (singular third-person)
خرسه (colloquial singular third-person)
xerse (singular third-person)
خرسند (plural third-person)
xersand (plural third-person)
خرسن (colloquial plural third-person)
xersan (plural third-person)

→ Khalaj: xirs

→ Munji: xərs

→ Ottoman Turkish: خرس (hırs)

→ Pashto: خرس

→ Wakhi: خرس

→ Urdu: خرس (xirs)

→ Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah
Old Persian *r̥šah
Persian خرس
Inherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.

etymon

شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:

Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.

šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.


دلفین

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دلفین • (dolfin) (plural دلفینها (dolfin-hâ))

Borrowed from Arabic دُلْفِين (dulfīn), from Ancient Greek δελφίν (delphín).

در موج بحر خشم تو دلفین همی غریق
وز یاد هیبت تو همی اصفر آفتاب

c. 1620, Mīr Dāmād, “Qaṣīda 1”, in دیوان اشراق:

In the wave of the sea of your wrath, the dolphin is always submerged;
And by remembering your dreadfulness, the sun is always yellow [as if with fear].

dar mawj-i bahr-i xišm-i tu dulfīn hamē ğarīq
w-az yād-i haybat-i tu hamē asfar āftāb


توله‌سگ

تولهسگ (canonical)
tule-sag (romanization)


خر

خر • (xar) (plural خرها (xar-hâ) or خران (xarân))

xar (romanization)
خرها (plural)
خران (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: xər

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HMRA /xar/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl /xar/, “donkey, ass”), from Proto-Iranian *xárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras.
The meaning of something large is presumed to be from the weight-measure خروار (xar-vâr), originally a donkey-load but later even too heavy for a donkey to carry.

خروار

a unit of weight (since 1926 exactly 300 kg)


الاغ

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الاغ • (olâğ)

fa-noun

الاغ • (olâğ)

From Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani ulaq (“beast of burden”), Chagatai اولاغ (ulaǧ, “beast of burden”), Uzbek ulov (“beast of burden”), Uzbek uloq (“kid, yeanling”), Ottoman Turkish اولاق (ulak, “courier, messenger”).


سنجاب

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سنجاب • (sanjâb, senjâb) (plural سنجابها (sanjâb-hâ, senjâb-hâ))

sanjâb (romanization)
senjâb (romanization)
سنجابها (plural)

→ Arabic: سِنْجَاب (sinjāb)

→ Azerbaijani: sincab

→ Georgian: სინჯაფი (sinǯapi)

→ Northern Kurdish: sencab

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سنجاب (sıncab), زنجاب (zincab, zıncab), սինճապ (sincab), սընճապ (sıncab) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: sincap
→ Armenian: սնճապ (snčap)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (snc'p /sanjâb/), perhaps from the same root as سمور (samur, “sable, Martes zibellina”). Cognate with Southern Kurdish سنجاو (sincaw).


زرافه

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زرافه • (zarâfe) (plural زرافهها (zarâfe-hâ))

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Persian زرافه
Borrowed from Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa), borrowed from Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐ, borrowed from Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā), from سرنا + پَا (pā).


کوآلا

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کوآلا • (ko'âlâ)

fa-noun

کوآلا • (ko'âlâ)

[kʰoː.ʔɑː.lɑː]

[kʰoː.ʔɑː.lɑː]

[kʰʊː.wɔː.lɔː]


بز

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (AZ /buz/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwc /buz/), from Proto-Iranian *bujáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūǵ-o-s, from *bʰuǵ- (“buck, he-goat”). Cognate with English buck (“male goat”), Thracian *būzas.

inh+

میش و بز و گاو و خر و پیل و شیر
یکسره زین جانور اندر بلاست

11th century, Nāṣir Khusraw, “Qasīda 29”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir Khusraw]:

Sheep and goats, cattle and donkeys, elephants and lions
Are all of them afflicted by this animal [the human].

mēš u buz u gāw u xar u pīl u šēr
yaksara z-īn jānwar andar balā-st


گوسفند

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گوسفَند • (gusfand) (plural گوسفندها (gusfand-hâ) or گوسفندان (gusfandân))

گوسفَند (canonical)
gusfand (romanization)
گوسفندها (plural)
گوسفندان (plural)

[ɡʊːs.fǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡʊːs.pʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[ɡ̥uːs.pʰǽn̪d̪̥]

From Middle Persian KYNA (gōspand, “sheep, small cattle”), from Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊-𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀- (gao-spəṇta-, “beneficent cow”), a compound of 𐬔𐬀𐬊- (gao-, “cow”) + 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 (spəṇta, “holy”), compare گاو (gâv) and سِپَند (sepand).


میش

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭩𐭱 (mēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (*maiša), from Proto-Iranian *mayšáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós (“sheep, skin of sheep”). Cognate with Sanskrit मेष (meṣá) and Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša).


شتر

→ Gujarati: શુતર (śutar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਤਰ (śutar)

Shahmukhi script: شتر (šutar)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (GMRA, ʾwštl /uštar/, “camel”), from Proto-Iranian *úštrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras.


گرگ

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گرگ • (gorg) (plural گرگها (gorg-hâ) or گرگان (gorgân))

gorg (romanization)
گرگها (plural)
گرگان (plural)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press
fa:گرگ

From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢 (gʿlg /gurg/, “wolf”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka-/), from Proto-Iranian *wŕ̥kah (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Sogdian [script needed] (wyrk- /wərk/), Baluchi گرک (gurk), Mazanderani ورگ (verg), Northern Kurdish gur, gurg, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”) (compare Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka)), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (compare English wolf).

inh

از کجا آموختی این ای بزرگ / گفت ای شاه جهان از حال گرگ

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3109:

Whence didst thou learn this, O eminent one?” “O King of the world,” he replied, “from the fate of the wolf.”

az kujâ âmôxti ên ay buzurg / guft ay šâh-i-jahân az hâl-i-gurg


تک‌شاخ

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تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

fa-noun

تکشاخ • (tak-šâx)

تکشاخ (canonical)
tak-šâx (romanization)

[t̪ʰækˈʃɒːx]


نهنگ

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نهنگ • (nahang) (plural نهنگها (nahang-hâ) or نهنگان (nahangân))

nahang (romanization)
نهنگها (plural)
نهنگان (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: nəhəng (“giant”)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نهنگ (neheng)
Turkish: neheng

From Middle Persian 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫃 (nhng /nihang/, “crocodile”).


پلنگ

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پَلَنْگ • (palang) (plural پلنگها (palang-hâ))

پَلَنْگ (canonical)
palang (romanization)
پلنگها (plural)

→ Azerbaijani: pələng (“tiger”)

→ Khalaj: palang (“tiger, leopard”)

→ Udi: паьланҝ (pälangʲ, “tiger”)

[pʰæ.lǽɲɡʲ̥]

Compare to Bactrian πορλαγγο-ζινο (porlango-zino), Pashto پړانګ (pṙâng), Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛdāku, “panther”), and Ancient Greek πάρδαλις (párdalis).

cog

πορλαγγοζινο

πορλαγγο-ζινο


کفتار

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کفتار • (kaftâr) (plural کفتارها (kaftâr-hâ) or کفتاران (kaftârân))

kaftâr (romanization)
کفتارها (plural)
کفتاران (plural)

→ Armenian: քավթառ (kʻavtʻaṙ)

→ Azerbaijani: kaftar

→ Hindi: कफ़्तार (kaftār, rekhta)

→ Northern Kurdish: keftar

→ Ottoman Turkish: كفتار (keftar)

→ Udi: кафтӏар (kafṭar)

[kʰäf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰäf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰäf.t̪ʰɑ́ːɾ]

[kʰäf.t̪ʰɔ́ːɾ]

[kʰʲæf.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]

[kʰäf.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]

Related to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hptʾl /haftār/, “hyena”), Bandar Abbasi Persian dialect افتارگ (aftârg), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβtʾr /aftār/), Old Georgian აფთარი (aptari). See additional comparanda in Bläsing. Unattested in Old Iranian. The ultimate origin is unknown.

unk

unknown

ز بیم تیغ او شیران جنگی
بسوراخ اندرون رفته چو کفتار
کسی کز پیش او گیرد هزیمت
نترسد گر شود در سله با مار

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 69”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

Fearing your blade, the warlike lions
Have hidden in holes like the hyena.
Whoever flees before you
Is not afraid to go [hide from you] in a basket with a snake.

zi bīm-i tēğ-i tu šērān-i jangī
ba sūrāx andarūn rafta čū kaftār
kasē k-az pēš-i ō gīrad hazīmat
na-tarsad gar šawad dar silla bā mār


گوساله

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گوساله • (gusâle) (plural گوسالهها (gusâle-hâ))

→ Gujarati: ગોસાલા (gosālā)

→ Khalaj: guosâla

[ɡʊː.sɔː.lǽ]


زین

→ Assamese: জিন (zin)

→ Middle Bengali: জীন (jin)

Bengali: জিন (jin)

→ Gujarati: જીન (jīn)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: जीन (jīna)
Hindustani: zīn
Hindi: ज़ीन
Urdu: زِین (zīn)

→ Indonesian: jin

→ Kannada: ಜೀನು (jīnu)

→ Maithili: jīn

Devanagari script: जीन

Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒲𑒢

→ Malayalam: ജീനി (jīni)

→ Marathi: जीन (jīn)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: जीण (jīṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅛𑅑𑅢 (jiṇ)

→ Odia: ଜିନ (jina)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زین (zin)
Turkish: zin

→ Old Punjabi: ਜੀਨੁ (jīnu)
Punjabi: zīn
Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੀਨ
Shahmukhi script: زِین

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: زيِنَ

Devanagari script: ज़ीन

Khudabadi script: 𑋂𑋩𑋢𑋑 (zīna)

→ Tamil: சேணம் (cēṇam)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “saddle”), originally meaning something to make ready or fitted, armament, harness, Old Armenian զէն (zēn).


کرگدن

head

کرگدن • (kargadan) (plural کرگدنها (kargadan-hâ))

kargadan (romanization)
کرگدنها (plural)

→ Avar: гаргадан (gargadan)

→ Azerbaijani: kərgədan

→ Classical Syriac: ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkəḏānā)

→ Arabic: كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan)

→ Crimean Tatar: kerkedan

→ Gujarati: કરગદન (karagdan)

→ Gurani: کەرگەدەنگ (kargadang)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: kergeden

Central Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Southern Kurdish: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

Laki: کەرگەدەن (kergeden)

→ Lak: каргадан (kargadan)

→ Mazanderani: کرگردن (kərgadən)

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քարկարտան (kʻarkartan), քարկանտան (kʻarkantan)

→ Tatar: кәркедән (kärkedän)

→ Turkish: gergedan

→ Turkmen: kerk (from کرگ (karg))

→ Uyghur: كەركىدان (kerkidan)

→ Uzbek: karkidon

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

[kʰʲæɹ.ɡʲæ.d̪ǽn]

[kʰäɾ.ɡä.d̪ǽn]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (klg /karg/, “rhinoceros; horn”) + [script needed] (-dʾn' /-dān/, “bearer, holder”), ultimately from Sanskrit खड्ग (khaḍga, “rhinoceros; literally sword bearer”).
Compare Arabic كَرْكَدَّن (karkaddan, “rhinoceros”), Classical Syriac ܟܪܟܕܢܐ (karkǝḏānā, “rhinoceros”), Sanskrit खड्गधेनु (khaḍgadhenu, “a female rhinoceros”).


آخور

→ Azerbaijani: axur

→ Chagatai: [script needed] (axor)

→ Gulf Arabic: ياخور (yāḵūr)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आख़ोर (āxor)

Urdu: آخور (āxor)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آخور (ahur, ahır)

Turkish: ahır, (dialectal) ahor, ahar

→ Albanian: ahur

→ Armenian: ախըռ (axəṙ)

→ Bulgarian: яхъ́р (jahǎ́r)

→ Crimean Tatar: ahır

→ Greek: αχούρι (achoúri)

→ Laz: ახირი (axiri)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ахар

Latin script: ahar

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾhwl /āxwarr/, “manger; stable”). Compare Northern Kurdish axur, afirr, Central Kurdish ئاخوڕ (axurr), Pashto آخور (āxor, “manger, trough; stable, stall”) and Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ախոռ (axoṙ), Georgian ახორი (axori), ახური (axuri), Classical Syriac ܐܟܘܪ (ʾāḵwar). The Iranian word literally means “a place for eating” and ultimately goes back to Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”), on which see خوردن (xwardan).


آهو

From Middle Persian [Term?] (/āhūg/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱus (“sharp, swift”). Cognates with Northern Kurdish ask and Baluchi آسک (ásk).

a female given name, Ahu, from Middle Persian


اسپ

→ Gujarati: અસપ (asap)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭮𐭥𐭮𐭩𐭠 (sʿsyʾ /asp/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /aspa/, “horse”).

inh+

Dari standard spelling of اسب (asb, “horse”).


پارس

head

پارس • (pârs)

fa-noun

پارس • (pârs)

From a Turkic source. Compare Turkish pars. Doublet of پلنگ (palang).


میمون

→ Adyghe: маймун (majmun)


پستاندار

head

پستاندار • (pestândâr) (plural پستانداران (pestândârân) or پستاندارها (pestândâr-hâ))

pestândâr (romanization)
پستانداران (plural)
پستاندارها (plural)

[pʰes.t̪ʰɒːn̪.d̪ɒ́ːɹ]

From پستان (pestân, “breast”) + ـدار (-dâr).

fa:پستانداران


گربه ایرانی

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی

گربههای ایرانی

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی • (gorbe-ye irâni) (plural گربههای ایرانی)

fa-noun

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی

گربههای ایرانی

گُرْبِهٔ ایرانی (canonical)
gorbe-ye irâni (romanization)
گربههای ایرانی (plural)

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

[ɡʊɾ.bǽ.jɪ ʔeː.ɾɑː.níː]

fa:گربه ایرانی


مارخور

head

مارخور • (mârxor)

fa-noun

مارخور • (mârxor)

From مار (mâr, “snake”) + خور (xor, “present stem of the verb 'to eat'”).


شغال

head

šağâl, šoğâl

šağâl, šoğâl-hâ

شغال • (šağâl, šoğâl) (plural شغالها (šağâl, šoğâl-hâ))

fa-noun

šağâl, šoğâl

šağâl (romanization)
šoğâl (romanization)
شغالها (plural)

→ Kazakh: шағал (şağal)

→ Pashto: شغال (šaǧâl)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چقال (çakal) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkmen: şagal

→ Uzbek: shaqal

From earlier شگال (šagâl), from Middle Persian 𐬱𐬖𐬀𐬮 (šγal /šaγāl/), borrowed from Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla, “jackal”).


پیشی

head

پیشی • (piši)

fa-noun

پیشی • (piši)


خوی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”) from Proto-Iranian *hwáydah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s from the root *sweyd- (“sweat, to sweat”). Cognate with Baluchi ہید (hed) and English sweat. Doublet of خوید.

inh

saddle-cloth, or dorsers below the saddle


غزال

head

غزال • (ğazâl)

fa-noun

غزال • (ğazâl)

→ Gujarati: ઘઝાલ (ghajhāl)


روباه

head

روباه • (rubâh) (plural روباهان (rubâhân) or روباهها (rubâh-hâ))

rubâh (romanization)
روباهان (plural)
روباهها (plural)

→ Malay: rubah
Indonesian: rubah

→ Ottoman Turkish: روباه (rubah)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwpʾh /rōbāh/, “fox”), from Old Persian *raupāθah (“fox”), from Proto-Iranian *HrawpaHcáh.

inh

انگلیس یه روباه حقّهبازه!

See also: کار، کار انگلیسیهاست

(figurative, derogatory) The British Empire, the United Kingdom, or England


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбат (nalbat)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


گورخر

head

گورخر • (gurxar) (plural گورخرها (gurxar-hâ) or گورخران (gurxarân))

gurxar (romanization)
گورخرها (plural)
گورخران (plural)

From گور (gur, “zebra”) + خر (xar, “donkey”), both components from Middle Persian, see them for more.


گرزه

آهو از دام اندرون آواز داد
پاسخ گرزه بدانش باز داد

âhû az dâm andarûn âvâz dâd
pâsux-i garza bidâniš bâz dâd


پیل

→ Ossetian: пыл (pyl), пил (pil)

→ Pashto: پیل (pil)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیل (pil)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭩𐭫 (pyl /pīl/), from Akkadian 𒄠𒋛 (pīru).


کپی

kapi (romanization)
kappi (romanization)

[kʰʲæp.pʰíː]

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (kpyk' /kabīg/, “monkey”), from Sanskrit कपि (kapi, “ape, monkey”). Akin to Old Armenian կապիկ (kapik); an Iranian borrowing.

inh+

شیری که پیل بشکند از بیم تیغ تو
اندر ولایت تو چو کپی رود ستان

c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 171”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]:

Out of fear for your blade, the lion that brings down elephants
Walks feebly like the monkey in your domain.

šērē ki pīl biškanad az bēm-i tēğ-i tu
andar wilāyat-i tu čū kappī rawad sitān


جلو

Perhaps derived from Mongolian жолоо (žoloo, “rein”).


کایوت

head

کایوت • (kâyot)

fa-noun

کایوت • (kâyot)


کایوتی

head

کایوتی • (kâyoti)

fa-noun

کایوتی • (kâyoti)


خفاش

head

خفاش • (xoffâš) (plural خفاشان (xoffâšân) or خفاشها (xoffâš-hâ))

xoffâš (romanization)
خفاشان (plural)
خفاشها (plural)


شب‌کور

شبکور (canonical)
šab-kur (romanization)

From Proto-Iranian *xšapkawráh. Equivalent to شب (šab, “night”) + کور (kur, “blind”).


گاومیش

گاومیش • (gâvmiš) (plural گاومیشان (gâvmišân) or گاومیشها (gâvmiš-hâ))

gâvmiš (romanization)
گاومیشان (plural)
گاومیشها (plural)
گاومیش (singular)
گاومیشان، گاومیشا (gâvmišấn, gâvmišấ^△) (colloquial plural)
گاومیش (ezafe singular)
گاومیشی (definite relative singular)
گاومیشی (indefinite singular stressed)

desctree

→ Arabic: جاموس (jāmūs)
Hijazi Arabic: جاموس (jāmūs)
Maltese: gemus
Moroccan Arabic: جاموس (gāmūs)
→ Azerbaijani: camış
→ Ge'ez: ጋሙስ (gamus)
→ Italian: Giammusso
→ Ottoman Turkish: جاموس
Turkish: camız, camış

→ Chechen: гомаш (gomaš)

→ Gujarati: ગાવમેશ (gāvmeś)

→ Old Georgian: გამეში (gameši)

[ɡ̥ɒːv.miːʃ]

From Middle Persian TWRAmyš (gāw-mēš, literally “cow-sheep”); compare Persian گاو (gâv, “cow”) and میش (miš, “ewe”) for the constituents. Old Armenian գոմէշ (gomēš), Classical Syriac ܓܡܘܫܐ (gāmōšā) and Old Georgian კამბეჩი (ḳambeči) are borrowed from Middle Iranian.


سیاه‌گوش

head

سیاهگوش • (siyâh-guš) (plural سیاهگوشها (siyâh-guš-hâ))

سیاهگوش (canonical)
siyâh-guš (romanization)
سیاهگوشها (plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: स्याहगोश (syāhgoś)

Urdu: سیاہگوش (syāhgoś)

Compound of سیاه (siyâh, “black”) + گوش (guš, “ear”).


گربه‌سان

head

گربهسان • (gorbe-sân) (plural گربهسانان (gorbe-sânân) or گربهسانها (gorbe-sân-hâ))

گربهسان (canonical)
gorbe-sân (romanization)
گربهسانان (plural)
گربهسانها (plural)

fa:گربهسانان


نهنگ عنبر

نهنگهای عنبر

نهنگ عنبر • (nahang-e 'anbar) (plural نهنگهای عنبر (nahang-hâ-ye 'anbar) or نهنگان عنبر (nahangân-e 'anbar))

fa-noun

نهنگهای عنبر

nahang-e 'anbar (romanization)
نهنگهای عنبر (plural)
نهنگان عنبر (plural)

fa:نهنگ عنبر


نهنگ آبی

head

نهنگ آبی • (nahang-e âbi) (plural نهنگهای آبی (nahang-hâ-ye âbi) or نهنگان آبی (nahangân-e âbi))

nahang-e âbi (romanization)
نهنگهای آبی (plural)
نهنگان آبی (plural)


دلفین پوزه‌بطری

دلفین پوزهبطری (canonical)
dolfin-e puze-botry (romanization)


جگوار

جگوار • (jagvâr) (plural جگوارها (jagvâr-hâ))


خرس خاکستری

خرسهای خاکستری

خرس خاکستری • (xers-e xâkestari) (plural خرسهای خاکستری (xers-hâ-ye xâkestari))

fa-noun

خرسهای خاکستری

xers-e xâkestari (romanization)
خرسهای خاکستری (plural)

fa:خرس خاکستری


خرس قطبی

head

خرس قطبی • (xers-e qotbi) (plural خرسهای قطبی (xers-hâ-ye qotbi))

xers-e qotbi (romanization)
خرسهای قطبی (plural)

خرس قطبی خرس بزرگی است که معمولا در قطب شمال زندگی میکند.

The polar bear is a large bear that usually lives in the North Pole.

xers-e qotbi xers-e bozorgi ast ke ma'mulan dar qotb-e šomâl zendegi mi-konad.


خرس پاندا

خرسهای پاندا

خرس پاندا • (xers-e pândâ) (plural خرسهای پاندا (xers-hâ-ye pândâ))

fa-noun

خرسهای پاندا

xers-e pândâ (romanization)
خرسهای پاندا (plural)

fa:خرس پاندا


خرس قهوه‌ای

head

خرسهای قهوهای

خرس قهوهای • (xers-e qahve-i) (plural خرسهای قهوهای (xers-hâ-ye qahve-i))

fa-noun

خرسهای قهوهای

خرس قهوهای (canonical)
xers-e qahve-i (romanization)
خرسهای قهوهای (plural)

fa:خرس قهوه‌ای


خرس سیاه

head

خرس سیاه • (xers-e siyâh) (plural خرسهای سیاه (xers-hâ-ye siyâh))

xers-e siyâh (romanization)
خرسهای سیاه (plural)


خرس سیاه آمریکایی

خرس سیاه آمریکایی

خرسهای سیاه آمریکایی

خرس سیاه آمریکایی • (xers-e siyâh-e âmrikâyi) (plural خرسهای سیاه آمریکایی (xers-hâ-ye siyâh-e âmrikâyi))

fa-noun

خرس سیاه آمریکایی

خرسهای سیاه آمریکایی

xers-e siyâh-e âmrikâyi (romanization)
خرسهای سیاه آمریکایی (plural)


خرس سیاه آسیایی

head

خرس سیاه آسیایی

خرسهای سیاه آسیایی

خرس سیاه آسیایی • (xers-e siyâh-e âsiyâyi) (plural خرسهای سیاه آسیایی (xers-hâ-ye siyâh-e âsiyâyi))

fa-noun

خرس سیاه آسیایی

خرسهای سیاه آسیایی

xers-e siyâh-e âsiyâyi (romanization)
خرسهای سیاه آسیایی (plural)


خرس عینکی

head

خرسهای عینکی

خرس عینکی • (xers-e 'eynaki) (plural خرسهای عینکی (xers-hâ-ye 'eynaki))

fa-noun

خرسهای عینکی

xers-e 'eynaki (romanization)
خرسهای عینکی (plural)

fa:خرس عینکی


خرس تنبل

head

خرس تنبل • (xers-e tanbal) (plural خرسهای تنبل (xers-hâ-ye tanbal))

xers-e tanbal (romanization)
خرسهای تنبل (plural)


خرس آفتاب

خرسهای آفتاب

خرس آفتاب • (xers-e âftâb) (plural خرسهای آفتاب (xers-hâ-ye âftâb))

fa-noun

خرسهای آفتاب

xers-e âftâb (romanization)
خرسهای آفتاب (plural)

fa:خرس آفتاب


گراز دریایی

head

گرازهای دریایی

گراز دریایی • (gorâz-e daryâyi) (plural گرازهای دریایی (gorâz-hâ-ye daryâyi))

fa-noun

گرازهای دریایی

gorâz-e daryâyi (romanization)
گرازهای دریایی (plural)

fa:گراز دریایی


شغال طلایی

head

شغالهای طلایی

شغال طلایی • (šağâl-e talâyi) (plural شغالهای طلایی (šağâl-hâ-ye talâyi))

fa-noun

شغالهای طلایی

šağâl-e talâyi (romanization)
شغالهای طلایی (plural)


شغال پهلوخط‌دار

head

شغال پهلوخطدار

شغال پهلوخطدار • (šoğâl-e pahlu-xat-dâr)

fa-noun

شغال پهلوخطدار

شغال پهلوخطدار (canonical)
šoğâl-e pahlu-xat-dâr (romanization)


شغال پشت‌سیاه

head

شغال پشتسیاه

شغال پشتسیاه • (šoğâl-e pošt-siyâh)

fa-noun

شغال پشتسیاه

شغال پشتسیاه • (šoğâl-e pošt-siyâh)

شغال پشتسیاه (canonical)
šoğâl-e pošt-siyâh (romanization)


وال

→ Ottoman Turkish: وال (val)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)káras, from Proto-Iranian *(s)káras, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos.
Compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”).


گوریل

head

گوریل • (goril) (plural گوریلها (goril-hâ))

goril (romanization)
گوریلها (plural)
گوریل (singular)
گوریلها، گوریلا (goril-hấ, gorilấ^△) (plural)
گوریل را، گوریل رو (goril râ, gorilo^△) (definite direct-object singular)
گوریل (ezafe singular)
گوریلی (definite relative singular)
گوریلی (indefinite singular stressed)


گوریل غربی

گوریلهای غربی

گوریل غربی • (goril-e ğarbi) (plural گوریلهای غربی (goril-hâ-ye ğarbi))

fa-noun

گوریلهای غربی

goril-e ğarbi (romanization)
گوریلهای غربی (plural)

[ɡoˌɾiːle ɢæɾˈbiː]

Gorilla gorilla
Gorilla gorilla#Translingual

fa:گوریل غربی


گوریل شرقی

head

گوریلهای شرقی

گوریل شرقی • (goril-e šarqi) (plural گوریلهای شرقی (goril-hâ-ye šarqi))

fa-noun

گوریلهای شرقی

goril-e šarqi (romanization)
گوریلهای شرقی (plural)

[ɡoˌɾiːle ʃæɾˈɣiː]

fa:گوریل شرقی


گو

Borrowed from English Go, from Japanese 囲碁(いご) (igo).


شوکا

head

شوکا • (šukâ)

fa-noun

شوکا • (šukâ)


دله

From Middle Persian *dalag, whence also Classical Syriac ܕܠܩܐ (daləqā, “weasel”), Arabic دَلَق (dalaq), and Hebrew דָּלָק (dālāq, “marten”).


ماموت

head

ماموت • (mâmut) (plural ماموتها (mâmut-hâ))


گا

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan, Hormozgan) Alternative form of گاو


جل

→ Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)


نهاز

نهاز • (nohâz)

fa-noun

نهاز • (nohâz)

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nwh'ck' /nōhāzag/), from Proto-Iranian *Hajáh. Akin to Old Armenian նոխազ (noxaz), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

he-goat, with spreading horns and long legs, that leads the flock


گاب

آبم است و گابم است نوبت آسیابم است.

It's my water and it's my cow, it's my turn at the mill.


باره

head

باره • (bâre)

fa-noun

باره • (bâre)

→ Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre)


اسپریس

head

اسپریس • (asprês, esparês) (plural اسپریسها (asprês, esparês-hâ))

asprês (romanization)
esparês (romanization)
اسپریسها (plural)

From Middle Persian ʾsplys (a/əsp(a)rēs).


کهر

→ Azerbaijani: kəhər

→ Urdu: کہر (kahar)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kádruš (“brown, tan”), likely from the BMAC substrate.
Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (kadruua.aspa, “with brown horses”) (whence unattested Avestan *𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎 (*kadru, “brown”)), and cognate with Sanskrit कद्रु (kadru, “brown, reddish-brown”).

cog

𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀⸱𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀


کرند

desctree

→ Georgian: ქურანი (kurani), ქურანა (kurana) (or from Turkic)
→ Bats: ქურაჼ (kurã)
→ Mingrelian: ქურანი (kurani)

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

[kʰʊ.ɾǽn̪d̪]

Borrowed from Middle Mongol [script needed] (küreŋ, kürin, küren, “brown”), whence Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”). Akin to Wakhi kəráng, Pashto کرنگ (kuráng), Khowar [script needed] (kurang), Azerbaijani kürən, Ottoman Turkish كران (küran), Bashkir көрән (körən), Tatar көрән (körän), Kyrgyz күрөң (küröŋ), Uyghur كۈرەڭ (küreng), Tuvan хүрең (xüreñ), among others, all ultimately of the same Mongolic origin.


ابرش

head

ابرش • (abraš)

fa-noun

ابرش • (abraš)


چرمه

head

چرمه • (čarme)

fa-noun

چرمه • (čarme)

Compare with Central Kurdish چەرمگ (çermig, “white”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճերմակ (čermak, “white (of a horse)”), Georgian ჭარმაკი (č̣armaḳi), ჭარმაგი (č̣armagi), ჭარმაღი (č̣armaɣi).


خنگ

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hangistaz, and thereby with German Hengst.


شترگاوپلنگ

head

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

شترگاوپلنگ • (šotorgâvpalang) (plural شترگاوپلنگها (šotorgâvpalang-hâ) or شترگاوپلنگان (šotorgâvpalangân))

fa-noun

شترگاوپلنگها

شترگاوپلنگان

šotorgâvpalang (romanization)
شترگاوپلنگها (plural)
شترگاوپلنگان (plural)

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊɾ.ɡɑːw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ]

[ʃu.t̪ʰuɾ.ɡäw.pʰä.lǽŋɡ̥]

[ʃo.t̪ʰoɹ.ɡɒːv.pʰæ.lǽɲɡʲ̥]

From Middle Persian ʾwštlgʾwplng (uštar-gāw-palang, “giraffe”), compound of ʾwštl (uštar, “camel”) + gʾw (gāw, “ox, cow, bull”) + plng (palang, “leopard”). Also analyzable as شتر (šotor, “camel”) + گاو (gâv, “cow”) + پلنگ (palang, “leopard”).
Compare Old Armenian շտրպաղանգ (štrpałang), an Iranian borrowing. For the formation compare Ancient Greek καμηλοπάρδαλις (kamēlopárdalis), Old Armenian ընձուղտ (ənjułt), Classical Syriac ܓܡܠ ܢܡܪܐ (ɡmal-nemrā).

cog

καμηλοπάρδαλις

از یک طرفی مجلس ما شیک و قشنگ - از یک طرفی عرصه به ملیون تنگ - قانون و حکومت نظامی و فشار - این است حکومت شتر گاو پلنگ

Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, Divan-e Robaiyathttps://ganjoor.net/yazdi/divan/robaee/sh268

On one hand, our Parliament is so classy and beautiful
on the other hand, a million people are living in dire conditions
Law, martial law, and pressure
A government consisted of very disparate parts becomes like this

anything composed of very disparate parts


عنتر

head

عنتر • ('antar) (plural عنترها ('antar-hâ) or عنتران ('antarân))

'antar (romanization)
عنترها (plural)
عنتران (plural)


ورزا

ورزا • (varzâ)

fa-noun

ورزا • (varzâ)

From ورز (varz) + گاو (gâv), literally “tilling-cow”.


الوس

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾlws /arus/, “white”), from Proto-Iranian *aurša- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (aᵘruša, “white”), Ossetian урс (urs, “white”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Harušás (compare Sanskrit अरुष (aruṣa)).


کودن

From Akkadian 𒀲𒆪𒁷 (^(ANŠE)ku-din /kūdunu, kūdanu, kūdannu, kūdinu/), also Eblaite ...𒁕𒈝 (ku₁₇-da-núm /kūdanum/), equated to Sumerian 𒀲𒄊𒉣 (anše-ĝir₂-nun /anšeĝirnun/, “a type of equid”), potentially related also to Elamite 𒆪𒌅 (ku-tu /kutu/, “cattle”). Found in Ugaritic 𐎋𐎄𐎐𐎚 (kdnt, “she-mule”), also passed into Aramaic כוֹדְנָא / ܟܽܘܕܢܳܐ (kōḏnā) / כוֹדַנֽיָא / ܟܽܘܕܰܢܝܳܐ (kōḏanyā, “mule”), already Palmyrene Aramaic and Imperial Aramaic, and Arabic كَوْدَن (kawdan, “a beast of burden, particularly a mule or hinny”), and lastly also present in Middle Persian [script needed] (kōtīna) as the name of a beast of burden, a typical Persian variation as in پودنه (pudene) and related forms.

cog

Aramaic כוֹדְנָא


مهار

head

مهار • (mahâr)


ستور

ستور • (sotôr) (plural ستوران (sotôrân))

[su.t̪ʰʊ́ːɾ]

From Middle Persian stwl (/stōr/, “horse, mount; large cattle”), from Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬭𐬀 (staora, “large cattle”), from Proto-Iranian *stáwrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáwras (“large domestic animal, cattle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)táwros (“wild bull, aurochs”). Probably related to obsolete تاول (tâvel, “bull, ox”).


تلیسه

Related to تله (tale, “bag”), via possibly Old Armenian թաղ (tʻał, “felt”) of Kartvelian origin, see there for further information.

an oblong piece of cloth which can be either prostrated for a horse blanket or stitched together for a double saddlebag


یوز

From Middle Persian ywc (yōz); see there for further information.


پشک

Compare similar terms such as colloquial Persian پیشی (piši) (various regions), Gilaki پیچا (pičā) and Pashto پیشو (pišo), Turkish pişik, Baluchi پشی (piši), Kohistani Shina پشی (pušay).


قاقم

head

قاقم • (qâqom) (plural قاقمها (qâqom-hâ))

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاقم (kakım)
Turkish: kakım
→ Armenian: քաքում (kʻakʻum), գագում (gagum)
→ Romanian: cacom

Inherited from Middle Persian kʾkwm (kākom, “stoat”).


خز

→ Arabic: خَزّ (ḵazz)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hz /xaz/, “marten”). See also Armenian ախազ (axaz).


قاطر

head

قاطر • (qâter)

fa-noun

قاطر • (qâter)

→ Khalaj: qâtır

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani qatır, Turkish katır, Kazakh қашыр (qaşyr), Uzbek xachir, Uyghur خېچىر (xëchir) etc. Related to Tajik хачир (xačir), which is also from the same Proto-Turkic etymon through the borrowing of Mongolian [Term?] into a Turkic language.

امیر مؤمنان علی(ع) را روزی که بر قاطری به جنگ بود، گفتند: کاش اسبی را بر همی نشستی. فرمود: من از کسی که حمله آرد، نگریزم و بر آن کس که گریزد حمله نبرم. از این رو، همین قاطر کفایتم میکند.

c. 1599, Bahāʾ al‐Dīn ʿĀmilī, “Section 3”, in کشکول:

When the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) went to battle on a mule one day, they said to him: "I wish you were sitting on a horse!" He said: "I do not flee from the one who attacks me and do not attack the one who flees. Therefore this mule is enough for me."

amīr-i mu'minān (alayhi-s-salām) rā rōzē ki bar qātirē ba jang būd, guftand: kāš asbē rā bar hamē nišastī. farmūd: man az kasē ki hamla ārad, na-gurēzam u bar ān kas ki gurēzad hamla na-baram. az īn rō, hamīn qātir kifāyat-am mē-kunad.


سمور

head

سمور • (samôr)

fa-noun

سمور • (samôr)

→ Middle Armenian: սամուր (samur)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: semûr

→ Malay: samur

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: سمور (samur)
Turkish: samur
→ Albanian: samur
→ Armenian: սամուր (samur), սամուռ (samuṙ)
→ Bulgarian: саму́р (samúr), съму́рь (sǎmúrʹ)
→ Byzantine Greek: σαμούριον (samoúrion)
→ Greek: σαμούρι (samoúri)
→ Old Church Slavonic: самꙋринъ (samurinŭ)
→ Crimean Tatar: samur / самур
→ Macedonian: самур (samur)
→ Romanian: samur
→ Serbo-Croatian: sàmūr / са̀мӯр

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਮੂਰ (samūr)

Shahmukhi script: سمور (samūr)

→ Romani: samur

→ Turkmen: samyr / самыр

From Middle Persian smwl (*samōr); see there for further information.


سموت

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom- (“part of a harness”). Cognate with English hame.

der

(obsolete) part of a horse harness, probably a collar or hame


کانگورو

head

کانگورو • (kângoro) (plural کانگوروها (kângoro-hâ))

kângoro (romanization)
کانگوروها (plural)


رخت

→ Arabic: رَخْت (raḵt)

desc

→ Armenian: ռախտ (ṙaxt), ռախթ (ṙaxtʻ), ըռախտ (əṙaxt)

→ Azerbaijani: rəxt

→ Georgian: რახტი (raxṭi)

→ Bats: რახტ (raxṭ)

→ Mazanderani: رخت (raxt)

→ Northern Kurdish: rext

According to Bailey, from the root Proto-Iranian *rak- (“to prepare clothes”), from Proto-Indo-European *rek-, whence Sanskrit रच् (rac, “to make, fashion”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (lyhtk /raxtak/, “clothes”), Khotanese [script needed] (raha-, “dress”) and the Chinese 絡鞮 /络鞮 (luòdī, “Iranian shoes”).
The meaning “right, true” is contaminated from راست (râst) due to the idea of a correctly furnitured house.

cog

rugs, blankets, tapestry, even horse blankets


یوزپلنگ

head

یوزپلنگ • (yuzpalang) (plural یوزپلنگها (yuzpalang-hâ))

yuzpalang (romanization)
یوزپلنگها (plural)

From یوز (yuz, “cheetah, hunting dog”) + پلنگ (palang, “panther, leopard”).

compound

یوزپلنگ ایرانی


شیده

head

شیده • (šide)

fa-noun

شیده • (šide)


شیده

head

شیده • (šide)

fa-noun

شیده • (šide)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyt' /šēd/, “sorrel [horse]”).


پالاد

head

پالاد • (pâlâd) (plural پالادان (pâlâdân))

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːd̪]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːd̪]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːd̪]

[pʰɔː.lɔ́ːd̪̥]

[pʰɒː.lɒ́ːd̪̥]


جنیبت

جنیبت • (janibat) (plural جنیبتان (janibatân))


برذون

Borrowed from Arabic بِرْذَوْن (birḏawn).


سوار

head

سوار • (sovâr, savâr) (plural سواران (sovâr, savârân))

sovâr (romanization)
savâr (romanization)
سواران (plural)

→ Bengali: সওয়ার (śoōẇar)

→ Gujarati: સવાર (savār)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: सवार (savār)

Urdu: سوار (savār)

→ Kannada: ಸವಾರ (savāra)

→ Marathi: स्वार (svār)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سوار (süvar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸਵਾਰ (savār)

Shahmukhi script: سوار (savār)

From Middle Persian ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (aswār, “horseman, rider”).


اشکیل

اشکیل • (eškil)

fa-noun

اشکیل • (eškil)

Compare Arabic شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”), a likely loanword.


خوکچه هندی

head

خوکچه هندی • (xukče hendi)

fa-noun

خوکچه هندی • (xukče hendi)

fa:خوکچه هندی


بچه‌گربه

head

بچهگربه • (bačče-gorbe) (plural بچهگربهها (bačče-gorbe-hâ))

بچهگربه (canonical)
bačče-gorbe (romanization)
بچهگربهها (plural)


ریباری

ریباری • (ribâri)

fa-noun

ریباری • (ribâri)

→ Arabic: رِئْبَال (riʔbāl)

From originally *ریبار, from a Middle Iranian *rēvār.


نزوق

Arabic: نُزُوق (nuzūq)

From Middle Persian *nizōg. Akin to Old Armenian նժոյգ (nžoyg), an Iranian borrowing.


هیون

hayun (romanization)
hiyun (romanization)

Possibly from Ancient Greek ὕαινα (húaina, “hyena”). If so, also cognate with English hyena.

(archaic) a beast, any large land animal


ادرم

Borrowed from Karakhanid اَذْرِمْ (eδrim, “saddlecloth”). Compare Ottoman Turkish ایریم (eyrim, “saddlecloth”).


خرجین

→ Middle Armenian: խուրճին (xurčin)

Armenian: խուրջին (xurǰin)


دفنوک

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“fitting; to fit together”).

der

(Transoxianan, obsolete) ornamental covering of a saddle; saddlecloth


لگام

head

لگام • (legâm)

fa-noun

لگام • (legâm)

desctree

→ Arabic: لِجَام (lijām)
Maltese: lġiem
→ Amharic: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Argobba: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Gafat: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Ge'ez: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Persian: لجام (lejâm)
Tajik: лаҷом (lajom)
→ Tigre: ልጋም (ləgam)
→ Tigrinya: ልጓም (ləgʷam)

→ Middle Armenian: լկամ (lkam)

→ Bengali: লাগাম (lagam)

→ Gujarati: લગામ (lagām)

desc

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: לוּגְמׇא (lūḡmā)

→ Georgian: ლაგამი (lagami)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਗਾਮ (lagām)

Shahmukhi script: لگام (lagām)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܓܡܐ (lgāmā), ܠܘܓܡܐ (lūḡmā, luḡmā)

→ Urdu: لگام (lagām)

→ Telugu: లగాము (lagāmu)

→ Kolami: లగ్గం (laggaṁ)

→ Kannada: ಲಗಾಮು (lagāmu)

→ Malayalam: ലഗാന് (lagānŭ)

* Müller derives from Latin ligāmen.
* Fraenkel sees a Semitic origin in that the Aramaic forms means the maxillary, and Arabic لَقِمَ (laqima) means “to swallow” – cognate to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to chew on, to eat”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to chew on, to eat”), and probably identical to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to pick, to choose”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to pick, to peck, to graze”), Amharic ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to peck, to glean, to graze”) –, with Nöldeke thus seeing Aramaic origin as secured; but the rarity and late attestation of the Aramaic words raises doubts, and for the same reason it is difficult to explain that the Ethiopian Semitic word for the bridle is attested in pre-Islamic times already.


نیفه

head

نیفه • (nêfa)

fa-noun

نیفه • (nêfa)

→ Punjabi: ਨੇਫ਼ਾ (nefā)

From Middle Persian, whence also Arabic نَيْفَق (nayfaq), related to نافه (nâfa, “musk bag, gland of the musk deer”), ناف (nâf, “navel”). The meaning development is “musk bag”, “drawstring bag”, “any such fastening”, “particularly such at trousers”.

the top middle area of a pair of trousers or drawers where a cord goes through to support the two legs, waistband or a certain part thereof

(obsolete) a square wrapper in which wearing-apparel is folded up


میشین

head

میشین • (mêšin)


میشین

میشین • (mišin)

fa-noun

میشین • (mišin)

→ Azerbaijani: meşin

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مشین (meşin), մէշին (meşin) — Armeno-Turkish
→ Armenian: մեշին (mešin)
Turkish: meşin


تگلتو

→ Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: тәкалты, тәркалты

Latin script: təkaltı, tərkaltı

→ Ottoman Turkish: تگلتی (teğelti), تگلتو (teğeltü)
Turkish: teğelti
→ Bulgarian: телти́я (teltíja), тилти́я (tiltíja), тельти́й (telʹtíj), тильти́й (tilʹtíj), тегалтия (tegaltija)

Apparently from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳 (SÍG.ZA.GÌN /takiltu/, “a kind of precious blue-purple wool”).


پالهنگ

[pʰɑː.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑːl.hǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑː.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑːl.hǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑː.lɑːǽŋɡ]

[pʰɔː.lɔːǽŋɡ̥]

[pʰɔː.lǽŋɡ̥]

[pʰɒː.læ.ɦǽɲɡʲ̥]

[pʰɒːl.hǽɲɡʲ̥]

[pʰɔ.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

From پالا (pâlâ, “horse”) + آهنگ (âhang, “drawing, pulling, attraction”).

compound

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
براسبش بکردار پیلان مَست
گرفت آن زمان پَالَهَنگش بدست
bar asbaš bekerdâr-e pilân-e pilân-e mast
gereft ân zamân pâlahangaš bedast

he grasped the rein of his horse like an elephant in musth.


شتر دوکوهان

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɪ d̪uː.kʰoː.ɦɑːn]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɪ d̪uː.kʰoː.ɦɑːn]

[ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɪ d̪uː.kʰoː.wɑːn]

شتر (šotor, “camel”) + دو (do, “double”) + کوهان (kuhân, “hump”), literally "double-humped camel".


پالان

head

پالان • (pâlân)

fa-noun

پالان • (pâlân)

→ Azerbaijani: palan

→ Old Georgian: პალანი (ṗalani)

desc

Georgian: პალანი (ṗalani), ფალანი (palani)

→ Middle Armenian: պաղան (paġan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پالان (palan)
Turkish: palan
→ Armenian: փալան (pʻalan)

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɔː.lɔ́ːn]

[pʰɒː.lɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *pari-dāna- (literally “around-placed”), from *pari- (“around”) and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”); cognate with Sogdian 𐫛𐫏𐫡𐫔𐫗 (pyrδn, “saddle”).

m+

آن یکی خر داشت، پالانش نبود
یافت پالان گرگ خر را در ربود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 41:

A certain man had an ass but no pack-saddle: [as soon as] he got a saddle, the wolf carried away his ass.

ān yakē xar dāšt, pālān-aš na-būd
yāft pālān gurg xar rā dar rubūd


افسار

head

افسار • (afsâr)

fa-noun

افسار • (afsâr)

Romani: ašvar

→ Azerbaijani: əfsar, ovsar

→ Kazakh: әбзел (äbzel)

→ Khalaj: afsâr

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسار (efsar)

→ Turkmen: owsar

→ Uzbek: ovsar

From Middle Persian *afsār, whence borrowed Classical Syriac ܐܲܦܣܵܪܵܐ (ʾap̄sārā), Jewish Literary Aramaic אַפִסָרָא (ʾap̄isārā) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְסָרָא (ʾap̄sārā), אַפְסִירָא (ʾap̄sīrā). Cognate to Mazanderani اسار (osâr), Central Kurdish هەوسار (hewsar) and Northern Kurdish hevser. Apparently Ancient Greek ψάλιον (psálion, “curb chain”), ψαλόν (psalón, “a kind of bridle”), ψέλιον (psélion, “a kind of anklet worn by the Persians”) are also Iranian borrowings.
See also Arabic إِبْزِيم (ʔibzīm, “clasp”) and Arabic أَبْزَار (ʔabzār), Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ, “harness”) and the terms linked there for possibly the same stem with a different ending.

cog

curb chain; (loosely) bridle, harness, headstall, curb, rein


راسو

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راسو • (râsu)

fa-noun

راسو • (râsu)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lswk' /rasūg/); compare Classical Syriac ܪܣܘܓ.


سمور آبی

From سمور (samur, “sable”) + آبی (âbi, “aquatic”).


بیده

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بیده • (bīda)

fa-noun

بیده • (bīda)

Also Pashto بيده (bēdá) in the same meaning. The same root as in Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”), extension of Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to wind”).

der

2015, غلامرضا داشاب, علی اصغر اسلمی نژاد, محمدرضا نصیری, علی اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه, داود علی ساقی, “بررسی فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و محیطی بر وزن بیده و خصوصیات الیاف پشم گوسفند بلوچی”, in نشریه پژوهش و سازندگی [Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi], volume 28, number 107, →DOI, pages 87–100:

2022, ملیکا صمد پور, سعید حسنی, مجنبی آذری آهنی, فاطمه بحری بیناباج, علیرضا خان احمدی, “تجزیه و تحلیل ژنتیکی خصوصیات بیده پشم گوسفندان بلوچی و ایران بلک”, in در نشخوار کنندگان, volume 10, number 3, →DOI, pages 111–126:

(Dari) fleece, an amount of wool cut from a sheep


سوغون

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سوغون • (sōğūn or sawğūn)

fa-noun

سوغون • (sōğūn or sawğūn)

sōğūn (romanization)
sawğūn (romanization)

Borrowed from Chagatai ساوغون, of the stem soğu- (“cold”).

(obsolete) an unexperienced or impetuous horse which has yet to be trained and cooled


دوال

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دوال • (davâl)

fa-noun

دوال • (davâl)

From earlier دوبال (dō-bāl), from دو (dō, “two”) + بال (bāl, “wing”).


فنک

→ Arabic: فَنَك (fanak), فَنَج (fanaj) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Mongolic *hüne-
Proto-Mongolic *-gan
Proto-Mongolic *hünegender.
Persian فنک
Borrowed from a Southern Mongolic dialect of Middle Mongol ancestral to Mongghul funige (“fox”), from Proto-Mongolic *hünegen (“fox”).