موز

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭬 𐭅 𐭆 (mwc /mōz/), from an earlier Middle Persian mōč, from Sanskrit मोच (moca), derived from Dravidian (compare Tamil மோத்தை (mōttai, “banana flower”), from Malayo-Polynesian (see Dobel muɁu, Manggarai muku), from Trans-New Guinea (see Fataluku muɁu, Mosimo mugu) and lastly from Proto-Trans-New Guinea *mugu.
The Arsacid/Early Middle Persian consonant č when occurring after a vowel went through a lenition process resulting in z by the end of Sassanid time, because of this it is highly unlikely this word is a loanword from Arabic as what would be borrowed exactly. Although there might have been an influence in the pronunciation of aw instead of native ō.


برنج

berenj (romanization)
birinj (romanization)

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]

[bɪ.ɾɪ́nd͡ʒ]


برنج

From Middle Persian [script needed] (blnc /brinǰ/), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫗𐫃 (brynng /bring/, “bronze, brass”). Cognate with Parthian 𐫛𐫓𐫏𐫗𐫝 (plync /plinǰ/). Compare Old Armenian պղինձ (płinj), Old Georgian პილენძი (ṗilenʒi, “copper”), Aghwan 𐕗𐔼𐔾𐔼𐕎𐕕 (ṗilinʒ, “bronze”), Udi пӏилиндж (ṗilinǯ, “copper”), Classical Syriac ܦܠܙܐ (plezzā), Middle Iranian borrowings.


بهمن

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (whwmn’ /wahman/), from Old Persian *Vahumanah, name of the first Amahraspand (divine deity) in Zoroastrianism, guardian of cattle, in Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (vohu manah). Also showing botanical meanings in Middle Persian, from which Classical Syriac ܒܗܡܢ (bahman) and Arabic بَهْمَن (bahman) are borrowed.


نارگیل

head

نارگیل • (nārgēl／nârgil) (plural نارگیلها (nārgēl／nârgil-hâ))

nārgēl／nârgil (romanization)
نارگیلها (plural)
نارگیل (singular)
nârgil (singular)
نارگیلها (plural)
nârgil-hấ (plural)
نارگیلا (colloquial plural)
nârgilấ (plural)
نارگیل را (definite direct-object singular)
nârgil râ (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیل رو (colloquial definite direct-object singular)
nârgilo (definite direct-object singular)
نارگیلها را (definite direct-object plural)
nârgil-hấ râ (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیلا رو (colloquial definite direct-object plural)
nârgilấ ro (definite direct-object plural)
نارگیل (ezafe singular)
nârgil-e (ezafe singular)
نارگیلهای (ezafe plural)
nârgil-hấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلای (colloquial ezafe plural)
nârgilấ-ye (ezafe plural)
نارگیلی (definite relative singular)
نارگیلی (indefinite singular stressed)
nârgil-i (definite relative singular)
nârgil-i (indefinite singular stressed)
نارگیلهایی (definite plural relative)
نارگیلهایی (indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (definite plural relative)
nârgilấn-i, nârgil-hấ-i (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلایی (colloquial definite plural relative)
نارگیلایی (colloquial indefinite plural stressed)
nârgilấi (definite plural relative)
nârgilấi (indefinite plural stressed)
نارگیلم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgilam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهایم (first-person possessive singular)
nârgil-hấyam (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلهام، نارگیلام (colloquial first-person possessive singular)
nârgilấm (first-person possessive singular)
نارگیلت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgilat (possessive second-person singular)
Term? (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilet (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهایت (possessive second-person singular)
nârgil-hấyat (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلهات، نارگیلات (colloquial possessive second-person singular)
nârgilất (possessive second-person singular)
نارگیلش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgilaš (possessive singular third-person)
Term? (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgileš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهایش (possessive singular third-person)
nârgil-hấyaš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلهاش، نارگیلاش (colloquial possessive singular third-person)
nârgilấš (possessive singular third-person)
نارگیلمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلمون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilemun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهایمان (first-person plural possessive)
nârgil-hấyemân (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلهامون، نارگیلامون (colloquial first-person plural possessive)
nârgilấmun (first-person plural possessive)
نارگیلتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgiletun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهایتان (plural possessive second-person)
nârgil-hấyetân (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلهاتون، نارگیلاتون (colloquial plural possessive second-person)
nârgilấtun (plural possessive second-person)
نارگیلشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilešun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهایشان (plural possessive third-person)
nârgil-hấyešân (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلهاشون، نارگیلاشون (colloquial plural possessive third-person)
nârgilấšun (plural possessive third-person)
نارگیلم (first-person predicative singular)
nârgilam (first-person predicative singular)
نارگیلیم (first-person plural predicative)
nârgilim (first-person plural predicative)
نارگیلی (predicative second-person singular)
nârgili (predicative second-person singular)
نارگیلید (plural predicative second-person)
nârgilid (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیلین (colloquial plural predicative second-person)
nârgilin (plural predicative second-person)
نارگیل است (predicative singular third-person)
nârgil ast (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیله (colloquial predicative singular third-person)
nârgile (predicative singular third-person)
نارگیلند (plural predicative third-person)
nârgiland (plural predicative third-person)
نارگیلن (colloquial plural predicative third-person)
nârgilan (plural predicative third-person)

desctree

→ Arabic: نَارْجِيل (nārjīl), نَرْجِيل (narjīl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارجیل (narcil), نارچیل (narçil)

→ Northern Kurdish: nargîl

→ Ottoman Turkish: نارگیل (nargil)

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡeːl]

[nɑːɾ.ˈɡiːl]

[nɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾnʾlgyl /anārgēl/, “coconut”), from Sanskrit नारिकेल (nārikela).

inh

(dated in Dari, normal elsewhere) coconut


خرما

head

خرما • (xormâ or xurmâ) (plural خرماها (xormâ-hâ))

xormâ (romanization)
xurmâ (romanization)
خرماها (plural)

Tajik: хурмо (xurmo)

→ Uzbek: xurmo

→ Bengali: খোরমা (khorma)

→ Chagatai: خرما (hurma)

Uyghur: خورما (xorma)

→ Georgian: ხურმა (xurma)

→ Gujarati: ખુરમો (khurmo)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुरमा (xurmā)

Urdu: خرما (xurmā)

→ Kazakh: құрма (qūrma)

→ Kipchak: قرما (kurma)

→ Central Kurdish: خورما (xurma)

→ Hulaulá: xurma

→ Northern Kurdish: xurme

→ Lishana Deni: כורמא (xurma)

→ Kyrgyz: курма (kurma)

→ Malay: kurma

Indonesian: kurma

→ Middle Armenian: խուրմայ (xurmay)

Armenian: խուրմա (xurma)

→ Punjabi: ਖੁਰਮਾ (khurmā)

→ Turkmen: hurma

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: خرما (hurma) (11th–15th c.)

Azerbaijani: xurma

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: خرما (hurma)
Turkish: hurma
→ Adyghe: хъурмэ (χʷurmɛ)
→ Albanian: hurmë
→ Belarusian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Bulgarian: фурма́ (furmá, “persimmon”)
→ Crimean Tatar: hurma
→ Estonian: hurmaa
→ Greek: χουρμάς (chourmás)
→ Romanian: curmală
→ Ido: hurmo
→ Latvian: hurma
→ Macedonian: урма (urma)
→ Polish: hurma
→ Russian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: хурма
Latin script: hurma
→ Tatar: хөрмә (xörmä, “persimmon”)
→ Ukrainian: хурма́ (xurmá, “persimmon”)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ) / [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk' /xormā/, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw. The logogram is from Aramaic 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 pl (tmryn, “dates”).
Compare Parthian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwlmʾk /xurmāg/) and [Book Pahlavi needed] (Tᵍ /*amrāw/), both forms appeared in Draxt ī Āsūrīg. The former is from Middle Persian. For reading of the latter, compare Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (ʾmrʾw /amrāw/) and Old Armenian արմաւ (armaw) (see Korn).
Akin to Kumzari أرما (“date (fruit)”), Baluchi هرماگ (hurmág, “date; fully ripe date fruit”). Compare also Sanskrit खर्जु (kharju) (wild date tree).

cog

940-1020, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
بکن کار و کرده بیزدان سپار
بخرما چه یازی چو ترسی ز خار
bokon kâr u karda ba-yazdân sepâr
ba-xormâ če yâzi ču tarsi ze xâr

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


نیشکر

از وی ترنج و نارنج و نیشکر و نیلوفر خیزد.
az vey toranj o nârenj o neyšekar o nilufar xizad.
Bergamot orange, bitter orange, sugarcanes, and nilufar grow over there (Balkh).
―Hudud al-'alam

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual


زنجبیل

→ Armenian: զանջաֆիլ (zanǰafil)

→ Azerbaijani: zəncəfil

→ Chagatai: زنجبیل

Uyghur: زەنجىۋىل (zenjiwil)

Uzbek: zanjabil

desc

→ Kazakh: жанжабіл (janjabıl), занзабіл (zanzabıl)

→ Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: zencefîl

Central Kurdish: زهنجهفیل (zencefîl)

→ Lezgi: сенжефил (senžefil)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: زنجبیل (zencebil, zencefil), زنجفیل (zencefil)
Turkish: zencefil
→ Albanian: xhenxhefil
→ Armenian: զենճեֆիլ (zenčefil)
→ Bulgarian: джинджифи́л (džindžifíl)
→ Georgian: ჯანჯაფილი (ǯanǯapili)

→ Turkmen: zenjebil

→ Urdu: زنجبیل (zanjabīl)

Borrowed from Arabic زَنْجَبِيل (zanjabīl). Doublet of شنگویر (šangevir, “ginger”, now archaic).


باقلا

head

باقلا • (bâqelâ)

fa-noun

باقلا • (bâqelâ)

From Arabic بَاقِلّاء (bāqillāʔ, “broad bean (Vicia faba)”), from Aramaic בקילא (“broad bean (Vicia faba)”).

der

نیام باقلا


کیله

head

کیله • (kêla)

fa-noun

کیله • (kêla)

Borrowed from Hindi केला (kelā) or Urdu کیلا (kelā), from Sanskrit कदल (kadala).


شنگویر

Borrowed from Sanskrit शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavēra). Doublet of زنجفیل (zanjefil) and زنجبیل (zanjebil).


جواری

head

جواری • (jovâri)

fa-noun

جواری • (jovâri)

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

[d͡ʒʊ.wɑː.ɾiː]

Borrowed from Hindustani جوار / जुवार (juvār).


الم

Setaria viridis
Setaria viridis#Translingual

(archaic or dialectal) millet; green foxtail millet, wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis)


دال

Borrowed from Urdu دال / Hindi दाल (dāl), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀸𑀮𑀻 (dālī), from Sanskrit दाल (dāla), itself from दलति (dalati, “he splits”); see दॄ (dṝ, “to tear, divide, split”). Likely via Mughal Persian.


ماش

Tajik: мош (moš)

→ Arabic: مَاش (māš)

→ Azerbaijani: maş

→ Georgian: მაშა (maša)

→ Karakalpak: мәш

→ Kazakh: мәш (mäş)

→? Russian: маш (maš)

→ Romanian: maș (Moldova)

→ Ukrainian: маш (maš)

→ Middle Armenian: մաշ (maš)

Armenian: մաշ (maš)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ماش (maş)
Turkish: maş

→ Uzbek: мош (mosh)

From or otherwise related to Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “mungo bean”).

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

ماش سبز
ماش سبز#Persian

ماش سیاه
ماش سیاه#Persian

mung bean (Vigna radiata, ماش سبز (mâš sabz)) and mungo bean (Vigna mungo, ماش سیاه (mâš siyâh))


بوری

→? Thai: บุหรี่ (bù-rìi)

This word is native in Ottoman Turkish بورو (boru) and Azerbaijani boru.


ژدوار

head

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

fa-noun

ژدوار • (žadvâr)

desctree

→ Arabic: جَدْوَار (jadwār), زَدْوَار (zadwār)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζεστουάρια (tzestouária), τζηντουάρ (tzēntouár), ζουδάρα (zoudára), ζαδόαρ (zadóar)
→ Medieval Latin: zedoārium (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Armenian: ճատվար (čatvar)
→ Persian: جدوار (jadvâr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: جدوار (cedvar), زدوار (zidvar)
Turkish: cedvar

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɑ́ːɾ]

[ʒäd̪.wɔ́ːɾ]

[ʒæd̪.vɒ́ːɹ]

Borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, whence borrowing Sanskrit जडुवार (jaḍuvāra), जडुपार (jaḍupāra), जदुवार (jaduvāra), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“resin, gum”), also found as ژد (žad, “resin, gum”), as well as ـوار (-vâr, suffix denoting something having a characteristic).

der

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual


زرنباد

desctree

→ Arabic: زُرُنْبَاد (zurunbād)
→ Byzantine Greek: ζουρουμπέδ (zouroumpéd), ζηρωμπᾶ (zērōmpâ)
→ Medieval Latin: zurumbet, zurumbeth, zarumbet, zerumbet
→ French: zérumbet
→ English: zerumbet

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual


شالی

head

شالی • (šâli)

fa-noun

شالی • (šâli)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शालि (śāli, “rice”).


شلتوک

head

شلتوک • (šaltôk)

fa-noun

شلتوک • (šaltôk)

desctree

→ Azerbaijani: çəltik
→ Armenian: չալթուկ (čʻaltʻuk)
→ Russian: чалты́к (čaltýk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: چلتیك (çeltik), چلتوك (çeltük), چیلتیك (çiltik), شلتوك (şeltük)
Turkish: çeltik

From شالی (šâli), same, + توک (tôk, “bundle, fagot; handle, grip”).


جودر

→ Azerbaijani: çovdar

→ Ottoman Turkish: چاودار (çavdar), چودار (çavdar), چودر (çavdar)
Turkish: çavdar
→ Arabic: جَاوْدَار (jāwdār), جَوْدَار (jawdār), جَوْدَر (jawdar), جَاوْدَر (jāwdar)
→ Armenian: չավդար (čʻavdar)
→ Northern Kurdish: çewder
→ Ladino: chavdar
→ Persian: چاودار (čâvdâr)

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

[d͡ʒäw.d̪ǽɾ]

From Classical Persian جو (jaw, “cereal, barley”) + ـتر (-tar, “contrastive suffix”).


چاودار

head

چاودار • (čâvdâr)

fa-noun

چاودار • (čâvdâr)

[t͡ʃʰɒːv.d̪ɒːɹ]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چاودار (çavdar) or Azerbaijani çovdar, from Persian جودر (jowdar).


باقالی

head

باقالی • (bâqâli)

fa-noun

باقالی • (bâqâli)


خون سیاوشان

head

خون سیاوشان • (xun-e siyâvašân, xun-e siyâvošân)

xun-e siyâvašân (romanization)
xun-e siyâvošân (romanization)

Inherited from Middle Persian *xōn-i siyāwaxšān equivalent to Neo-Persian خون (xūn, “blood”) + a by-form of سیاوش (siyāwuš), within the ancient Iranian religion mythicized as a character whose blood purified everyone, paralleled by the wide range of application of the red resin of the dragon tree.
The S͟ẖahnāma then preserves the idea in the recount that the legendary prince falls victim to افراسیاب (afrāsiyāb) and where his blood was spilled the dragon-tree grew, accompanied by پر سیاوشان (par-i siyāwašān, “maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris”) representing the crest on his helmet.
To this day the passion is reenacted in the course of the bloody Muḥarram mourning rituals, after a history of transformation in which during the emergence of S͟ẖiʿa Islam Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī took the place of the likewise violently killed Siiāuuaršan of the Avesta.

inh+

History of Shia Islam
Mourning of Muharram
ancient Iranian religion
fa:خون سیاوشان


بیده

head

بیده • (bīda)

fa-noun

بیده • (bīda)

Also Pashto بيده (bēdá) in the same meaning. The same root as in Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”), extension of Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to wind”).

der

2015, غلامرضا داشاب, علی اصغر اسلمی نژاد, محمدرضا نصیری, علی اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه, داود علی ساقی, “بررسی فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و محیطی بر وزن بیده و خصوصیات الیاف پشم گوسفند بلوچی”, in نشریه پژوهش و سازندگی [Pajouhesh Va Sazandgi], volume 28, number 107, →DOI, pages 87–100:

2022, ملیکا صمد پور, سعید حسنی, مجنبی آذری آهنی, فاطمه بحری بیناباج, علیرضا خان احمدی, “تجزیه و تحلیل ژنتیکی خصوصیات بیده پشم گوسفندان بلوچی و ایران بلک”, in در نشخوار کنندگان, volume 10, number 3, →DOI, pages 111–126:

(Dari) fleece, an amount of wool cut from a sheep