زین

→ Assamese: জিন (zin)

→ Middle Bengali: জীন (jin)

Bengali: জিন (jin)

→ Gujarati: જીન (jīn)

desctree

→ Old Hindi: जीन (jīna)
Hindustani: zīn
Hindi: ज़ीन
Urdu: زِین (zīn)

→ Indonesian: jin

→ Kannada: ಜೀನು (jīnu)

→ Maithili: jīn

Devanagari script: जीन

Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒲𑒢

→ Malayalam: ജീനി (jīni)

→ Marathi: जीन (jīn)

→ Marwari:

Devanagari script: जीण (jīṇ)

Mahajani script: 𑅛𑅑𑅢 (jiṇ)

→ Odia: ଜିନ (jina)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زین (zin)
Turkish: zin

→ Old Punjabi: ਜੀਨੁ (jīnu)
Punjabi: zīn
Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ੀਨ
Shahmukhi script: زِین

→ Sindhi:

Arabic script: زيِنَ

Devanagari script: ज़ीन

Khudabadi script: 𑋂𑋩𑋢𑋑 (zīna)

→ Tamil: சேணம் (cēṇam)

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “saddle”), originally meaning something to make ready or fitted, armament, harness, Old Armenian զէն (zēn).


خوی

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”) from Proto-Iranian *hwáydah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s from the root *sweyd- (“sweat, to sweat”). Cognate with Baluchi ہید (hed) and English sweat. Doublet of خوید.

inh

saddle-cloth, or dorsers below the saddle


نعلبند

→ Azerbaijani: nalbənd

desc

→ Middle Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband), նալպանտ (nalpant)

Armenian: նալբանդ (nalband)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نعلبند (nalbant)
Turkish: nalbant
→ Albanian: nallban
→ Bulgarian: налба́нт (nalbánt)
→ Macedonian: налбант (nalbant)
→ Romanian: nalbant
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: на̀лбант
Latin script: nàlbant

Composed of نعل (na'l, “horseshoe”) and بند (-band, “maker”).


جلو

Perhaps derived from Mongolian жолоо (žoloo, “rein”).


جل

→ Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)


مهار

head

مهار • (mahâr)


تلیسه

Related to تله (tale, “bag”), via possibly Old Armenian թաղ (tʻał, “felt”) of Kartvelian origin, see there for further information.

an oblong piece of cloth which can be either prostrated for a horse blanket or stitched together for a double saddlebag


سموت

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom- (“part of a harness”). Cognate with English hame.

der

(obsolete) part of a horse harness, probably a collar or hame


رخت

→ Arabic: رَخْت (raḵt)

desc

→ Armenian: ռախտ (ṙaxt), ռախթ (ṙaxtʻ), ըռախտ (əṙaxt)

→ Azerbaijani: rəxt

→ Georgian: რახტი (raxṭi)

→ Bats: რახტ (raxṭ)

→ Mazanderani: رخت (raxt)

→ Northern Kurdish: rext

According to Bailey, from the root Proto-Iranian *rak- (“to prepare clothes”), from Proto-Indo-European *rek-, whence Sanskrit रच् (rac, “to make, fashion”). Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (lyhtk /raxtak/, “clothes”), Khotanese [script needed] (raha-, “dress”) and the Chinese 絡鞮／络鞮 (luòdī, “Iranian shoes”).
The meaning “right, true” is contaminated from راست (râst) due to the idea of a correctly furnitured house.

cog

rugs, blankets, tapestry, even horse blankets


اشکیل

head

اشکیل • (eškil)

fa-noun

اشکیل • (eškil)

Compare Arabic شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”), a likely loanword.


ادرم

Old Turkic:

Turkish: eyer


خرجین

→ Middle Armenian: խուրճին (xurčin)

Armenian: խուրջին (xurǰin)


دفنوک

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“fitting; to fit together”).

der

(Transoxianan, obsolete) ornamental covering of a saddle; saddlecloth


لگام

head

لگام • (legâm)

fa-noun

لگام • (legâm)

desctree

→ Arabic: لِجَام (lijām)
Maltese: lġiem
→ Amharic: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Argobba: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Gafat: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Ge'ez: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Persian: لجام (lejâm)
Tajik: лаҷом (lajom)
→ Tigre: ልጋም (ləgam)
→ Tigrinya: ልጓም (ləgʷam)

→ Middle Armenian: լկամ (lkam)

→ Bengali: লাগাম (lagam)

→ Gujarati: લગામ (lagām)

desc

→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: לוּגְמׇא (lūḡmā)

→ Georgian: ლაგამი (lagami)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਲਗਾਮ (lagām)

Shahmukhi script: لگام (lagām)

→ Classical Syriac: ܠܓܡܐ (lgāmā), ܠܘܓܡܐ (lūḡmā, luḡmā)

→ Urdu: لگام (lagām)

→ Telugu: లగాము (lagāmu)

→ Kolami: లగ్గం (laggaṁ)

→ Kannada: ಲಗಾಮು (lagāmu)

→ Malayalam: ലഗാന് (lagānŭ)

* Müller derives from Latin ligāmen.
* Fraenkel sees a Semitic origin in that the Aramaic forms means the maxillary, and Arabic لَقِمَ (laqima) means “to swallow” – cognate to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to chew on, to eat”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to chew on, to eat”), and probably identical to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to pick, to choose”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to pick, to peck, to graze”), Amharic ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to peck, to glean, to graze”) –, with Nöldeke thus seeing Aramaic origin as secured; but the rarity and late attestation of the Aramaic words raises doubts, and for the same reason it is difficult to explain that the Ethiopian Semitic word for the bridle is attested in pre-Islamic times already.


تگلتو

→ Azerbaijani:

Cyrillic script: тәкалты, тәркалты

Latin script: təkaltı, tərkaltı

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تگلتی (teğelti), تگلتو (teğeltü)
Turkish: teğelti
→ Bulgarian: телти́я (teltíja), тилти́я (tiltíja), тельти́й (telʹtíj), тильти́й (tilʹtíj), тегалтия (tegaltija)

Apparently from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳 (SÍG.ZA.GÌN /takiltu/, “a kind of precious blue-purple wool”).


پالهنگ

[pʰɑː.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑːl.hǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑː.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑːl.hǽŋɡ]

[pʰɑː.lɑːǽŋɡ]

[pʰɔː.lɔːǽŋɡ̥]

[pʰɔː.lǽŋɡ̥]

[pʰɒː.læ.ɦǽɲɡʲ̥]

[pʰɒːl.hǽɲɡʲ̥]

[pʰɔ.lä.ɦǽŋɡ]

From پالا (pâlâ, “horse”) + آهنگ (âhang, “drawing, pulling, attraction”).

compound

10th Century CE, Ferdowsi, Shahnameh
براسبش بکردار پیلان مَست
گرفت آن زمان پَالَهَنگش بدست
bar asbaš bekerdâr-e pilân-e pilân-e mast
gereft ân zamân pâlahangaš bedast

he grasped the rein of his horse like an elephant in musth.

Dehkhoda Dictionary
Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute
University of Tehran Press


پالان

head

پالان • (pâlân)

fa-noun

پالان • (pâlân)

→ Azerbaijani: palan

→ Old Georgian: პალანი (ṗalani)

desc

Georgian: პალანი (ṗalani), ფალანი (palani)

→ Middle Armenian: պաղան (paġan)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پالان (palan)
Turkish: palan
→ Armenian: փալան (pʻalan)

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɑː.lɑ́ːn]

[pʰɔː.lɔ́ːn]

[pʰɒː.lɒ́ːn]

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *pari-dāna- (literally “around-placed”), from *pari- (“around”) and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”); cognate with Sogdian 𐫛𐫏𐫡𐫔𐫗 (pyrδn, “saddle”).

m+

آن یکی خر داشت، پالانش نبود
یافت پالان گرگ خر را در ربود

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 41:

A certain man had an ass but no pack-saddle: [as soon as] he got a saddle, the wolf carried away his ass.

ān yakē xar dāšt, pālān-aš na-būd
yāft pālān gurg xar rā dar rubūd


افسار

head

افسار • (afsâr)

fa-noun

افسار • (afsâr)

Romani: ašvar

→ Azerbaijani: əfsar, ovsar

→ Kazakh: әбзел (äbzel)

→ Khalaj: afsâr

→ Ottoman Turkish: افسار (efsar)

→ Turkmen: owsar

→ Uzbek: ovsar

From Middle Persian *afsār, whence borrowed Classical Syriac ܐܲܦܣܵܪܵܐ (ʾap̄sārā), Jewish Literary Aramaic אַפִסָרָא (ʾap̄isārā) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְסָרָא (ʾap̄sārā), אַפְסִירָא (ʾap̄sīrā). Cognate to Mazanderani اسار (osâr), Central Kurdish هەوسار (hewsar) and Northern Kurdish hevser. Apparently Ancient Greek ψάλιον (psálion, “curb chain”), ψαλόν (psalón, “a kind of bridle”), ψέλιον (psélion, “a kind of anklet worn by the Persians”) are also Iranian borrowings.
See also Arabic إِبْزِيم (ʔibzīm, “clasp”) and Arabic أَبْزَار (ʔabzār), Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ, “harness”) and the terms linked there for possibly the same stem with a different ending.

cog

curb chain; (loosely) bridle, harness, headstall, curb, rein


دوال

head

دوال • (davâl)

fa-noun

دوال • (davâl)

From earlier دوبال (dō-bāl), from دو (dō, “two”) + بال (bāl, “wing”).