vagga

vaggo (nominative singular)
vaggā (nominative plural)
vaggaṃ (accusative singular)
vagge (accusative plural)
vaggena (instrumental singular)
vaggehi (instrumental plural)
vaggebhi (instrumental plural)
vaggassa (dative singular)
vaggāya (dative singular)
vaggatthaṃ (dative singular)
vaggānaṃ (dative plural)
vaggasmā (ablative singular)
vaggamhā (ablative singular)
vaggā (ablative singular)
vaggehi (ablative plural)
vaggebhi (ablative plural)
vaggassa (genitive singular)
vaggānaṃ (genitive plural)
vaggasmiṃ (locative singular)
vaggamhi (locative singular)
vagge (locative singular)
vaggesu (locative plural)
vagga (singular vocative)
vaggā (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ဝဂ် (wag)

→ Khmer: វគ្គ (vĕək)

Inherited from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga, “group”).

inh+

place of articulation
place of articulation

(grammar) group of consonants with a property in common, such as place of articulation


pada

padaṃ (nominative singular)
padāni (nominative plural)
padā (nominative plural)
padaṃ (accusative singular)
padāni (accusative plural)
padena (instrumental singular)
padā (instrumental singular)
padasā (instrumental singular)
padehi (instrumental plural)
padebhi (instrumental plural)
padassa (dative singular)
padāya (dative singular)
padatthaṃ (dative singular)
padānaṃ (dative plural)
padasmā (ablative singular)
padamhā (ablative singular)
padā (ablative singular)
padehi (ablative plural)
padebhi (ablative plural)
padassa (genitive singular)
padānaṃ (genitive plural)
padasmiṃ (locative singular)
padamhi (locative singular)
pade (locative singular)
padesu (locative plural)
pada (singular vocative)
padāni (plural vocative)

desc

→ Burmese: ပုဒ် (pud, “word; punctuation mark”)

→ Burmese: ပိုဒ် (puid, “paragraph”)

→ Lao: ບົດ (bot, “chapter”)

→ Thai: บท (bòt, “chapter”)

→ Northern Thai: ᨷᩫ᩠ᨴ (“chapter”)

Inherited from Sanskrit पद (pada, “foot”).

inh+

अथ सब्बासं विभत्तीनं यानि यानि पुब्बानि छ पदानि तानि तानि परस्सपदसञ्ञानि होन्ति।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 250; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

Then whatever are the first six endings of all the endings, they are called the active endings.

Atha sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadasaññāni honti.


lopa

lopo (nominative singular)
lopā (nominative plural)
lopaṃ (accusative singular)
lope (accusative plural)
lopena (instrumental singular)
lopehi (instrumental plural)
lopebhi (instrumental plural)
lopassa (dative singular)
lopāya (dative singular)
lopatthaṃ (dative singular)
lopānaṃ (dative plural)
lopasmā (ablative singular)
lopamhā (ablative singular)
lopā (ablative singular)
lopehi (ablative plural)
lopebhi (ablative plural)
lopassa (genitive singular)
lopānaṃ (genitive plural)
lopasmiṃ (locative singular)
lopamhi (locative singular)
lope (locative singular)
lopesu (locative plural)
lopa (singular vocative)
lopā (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit लोप (lopa); the Pali root is lup. The grammatical terms may be borrowings or semantic loans from Sanskrit.


lutta

lutto (nominative singular)
luttā (nominative plural)
luttaṃ (accusative singular)
lutte (accusative plural)
luttena (instrumental singular)
luttehi (instrumental plural)
luttebhi (instrumental plural)
luttassa (dative singular)
luttāya (dative singular)
luttatthaṃ (dative singular)
luttānaṃ (dative plural)
luttasmā (ablative singular)
luttamhā (ablative singular)
luttā (ablative singular)
luttehi (ablative plural)
luttebhi (ablative plural)
luttassa (genitive singular)
luttānaṃ (genitive plural)
luttasmiṃ (locative singular)
luttamhi (locative singular)
lutte (locative singular)
luttesu (locative plural)
lutta (singular vocative)
luttā (plural vocative)
luttā (nominative singular)
luttāyo (nominative plural)
luttā (nominative plural)
luttaṃ (accusative singular)
luttāyo (accusative plural)
luttā (accusative plural)
luttāya (instrumental singular)
luttāhi (instrumental plural)
luttābhi (instrumental plural)
luttāya (dative singular)
luttānaṃ (dative plural)
luttāya (ablative singular)
luttāhi (ablative plural)
luttābhi (ablative plural)
luttāya (genitive singular)
luttānaṃ (genitive plural)
luttāya (locative singular)
luttāyaṃ (locative singular)
luttāsu (locative plural)
lutte (singular vocative)
luttāyo (plural vocative)
luttā (plural vocative)
luttaṃ (nominative singular)
luttāni (nominative plural)
luttaṃ (accusative singular)
luttāni (accusative plural)
luttena (instrumental singular)
luttehi (instrumental plural)
luttebhi (instrumental plural)
luttassa (dative singular)
luttāya (dative singular)
luttatthaṃ (dative singular)
luttānaṃ (dative plural)
luttasmā (ablative singular)
luttamhā (ablative singular)
luttā (ablative singular)
luttehi (ablative plural)
luttebhi (ablative plural)
luttassa (genitive singular)
luttānaṃ (genitive plural)
luttasmiṃ (locative singular)
luttamhi (locative singular)
lutte (locative singular)
luttesu (locative plural)
lutta (singular vocative)
luttāni (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit लुप्त (lupta). By surface analysis, lup (root) + -ta. Cognate with Prakrit 𑀮𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (lutta).


kattar

kattā (nominative singular)
kattāro (nominative plural)
kattā (nominative plural)
kattāraṃ (accusative singular)
kattaraṃ (accusative singular)
kattāro (accusative plural)
kattāre (accusative plural)
kattarā (instrumental singular)
kattārā (instrumental singular)
kattunā (instrumental singular)
kattārehi (instrumental plural)
kattārebhi (instrumental plural)
kattu (dative singular)
kattussa (dative singular)
kattuno (dative singular)
kattānaṃ (dative plural)
kattārānaṃ (dative plural)
kattūnaṃ (dative plural)
kattarā (ablative singular)
kattārā (ablative singular)
kattunā (ablative singular)
kattārehi (ablative plural)
kattārebhi (ablative plural)
kattu (genitive singular)
kattussa (genitive singular)
kattuno (genitive singular)
kattānaṃ (genitive plural)
kattārānaṃ (genitive plural)
kattūnaṃ (genitive plural)
kattari (locative singular)
kattāresu (locative plural)
kattūsu (locative plural)
katta (singular vocative)
kattā (singular vocative)
kattāro (plural vocative)
kattā (plural vocative)

From Sanskrit कर्तृ (kartṛ). Grammatically, the agent noun of karoti (“to do”).

(grammar) the subject, taking on the nominative case


kāra

kāro (nominative singular)
kārā (nominative plural)
kāraṃ (accusative singular)
kāre (accusative plural)
kārena (instrumental singular)
kārehi (instrumental plural)
kārebhi (instrumental plural)
kārassa (dative singular)
kārāya (dative singular)
kāratthaṃ (dative singular)
kārānaṃ (dative plural)
kārasmā (ablative singular)
kāramhā (ablative singular)
kārā (ablative singular)
kārehi (ablative plural)
kārebhi (ablative plural)
kārassa (genitive singular)
kārānaṃ (genitive plural)
kārasmiṃ (locative singular)
kāramhi (locative singular)
kāre (locative singular)
kāresu (locative plural)
kāra (singular vocative)
kārā (plural vocative)

→ Thai: การ (gaan)

→ Lü: ᦂᦱᧃ (k̇aan)

→ Lao: ການ (kān, “work”), → ການ (kān, “duty”)

→ Lao: ການ (kān, “action”)

desc

→ Lao: ການ (kān, “-ing”, prefix), → ການ (kān, “things to do with ...”, prefix)

→ Northern Thai: ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ

→ Khmer: ការ (kaa)

→ Khmer: តុលាការ (tolaakaa)

Inherited from Sanskrit कार (kāra); synchronically, as from the root of the verb karoti. The grammatical senses are likely to be borrowings of the Sanskrit cognate.


purisa

puriso (nominative singular)
purisā (nominative plural)
purisaṃ (accusative singular)
purise (accusative plural)
purisena (instrumental singular)
purisehi (instrumental plural)
purisebhi (instrumental plural)
purisassa (dative singular)
purisāya (dative singular)
purisatthaṃ (dative singular)
purisānaṃ (dative plural)
purisasmā (ablative singular)
purisamhā (ablative singular)
purisā (ablative singular)
purisehi (ablative plural)
purisebhi (ablative plural)
purisassa (genitive singular)
purisānaṃ (genitive plural)
purisasmiṃ (locative singular)
purisamhi (locative singular)
purise (locative singular)
purisesu (locative plural)
purisa (singular vocative)
purisā (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit *पुरिष (*puriṣa). The forms with vowel /i/ were not part of the attested Sanskrit languages. See Sanskrit पुरुष (puruṣa) for Prakrit cognates exhibiting /i/. Geiger proposes derivation of attested Pali, Prakrit and Sanskrit from *pūrṣa, whence Pali doublet posa.

inh+

सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.


paccaya

paccayo (nominative singular)
paccayā (nominative plural)
paccayaṃ (accusative singular)
paccaye (accusative plural)
paccayena (instrumental singular)
paccayehi (instrumental plural)
paccayebhi (instrumental plural)
paccayassa (dative singular)
paccayāya (dative singular)
paccayatthaṃ (dative singular)
paccayānaṃ (dative plural)
paccayasmā (ablative singular)
paccayamhā (ablative singular)
paccayā (ablative singular)
paccayehi (ablative plural)
paccayebhi (ablative plural)
paccayassa (genitive singular)
paccayānaṃ (genitive plural)
paccayasmiṃ (locative singular)
paccayamhi (locative singular)
paccaye (locative singular)
paccayesu (locative plural)
paccaya (singular vocative)
paccayā (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ပစ္စည်း (paccany:)

→ Khmer: បច្ច័យ (paccay)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रत्यय (pratyaya).

etymon

वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥
वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va'
Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'.
Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye
Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.


paṭhama

paṭhamo (nominative singular)
paṭhamā (nominative plural)
paṭhamaṃ (accusative singular)
paṭhame (accusative plural)
paṭhamena (instrumental singular)
paṭhamehi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamebhi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamassa (dative singular)
paṭhamāya (dative singular)
paṭhamatthaṃ (dative singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (dative plural)
paṭhamasmā (ablative singular)
paṭhamamhā (ablative singular)
paṭhamā (ablative singular)
paṭhamehi (ablative plural)
paṭhamebhi (ablative plural)
paṭhamassa (genitive singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (genitive plural)
paṭhamasmiṃ (locative singular)
paṭhamamhi (locative singular)
paṭhame (locative singular)
paṭhamesu (locative plural)
paṭhama (singular vocative)
paṭhamā (plural vocative)
paṭhamā (nominative singular)
paṭhamāyo (nominative plural)
paṭhamā (nominative plural)
paṭhamaṃ (accusative singular)
paṭhamāyo (accusative plural)
paṭhamā (accusative plural)
paṭhamāya (instrumental singular)
paṭhamāhi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamābhi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamāya (dative singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (dative plural)
paṭhamāya (ablative singular)
paṭhamāhi (ablative plural)
paṭhamābhi (ablative plural)
paṭhamāya (genitive singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (genitive plural)
paṭhamāya (locative singular)
paṭhamāyaṃ (locative singular)
paṭhamāsu (locative plural)
paṭhame (singular vocative)
paṭhamāyo (plural vocative)
paṭhamā (plural vocative)
paṭhamaṃ (nominative singular)
paṭhamāni (nominative plural)
paṭhamaṃ (accusative singular)
paṭhamāni (accusative plural)
paṭhamena (instrumental singular)
paṭhamehi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamebhi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamassa (dative singular)
paṭhamāya (dative singular)
paṭhamatthaṃ (dative singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (dative plural)
paṭhamasmā (ablative singular)
paṭhamamhā (ablative singular)
paṭhamā (ablative singular)
paṭhamehi (ablative plural)
paṭhamebhi (ablative plural)
paṭhamassa (genitive singular)
paṭhamānaṃ (genitive plural)
paṭhamasmiṃ (locative singular)
paṭhamamhi (locative singular)
paṭhame (locative singular)
paṭhamesu (locative plural)
paṭhama (singular vocative)
paṭhamāni (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ပထမ (pa.hta.ma.)

→ Mon: ပထမ (paˀtəmaˀ, paˀthaˀmaˀ)

→ Khmer: បឋម (paʼthɑm)

→ Thai: ปฐม (bpà-tǒm)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama).

inh+

नामम्हि पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्ज्मानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे पठमो पुरिसो होति।

The third person is used when in agreement with a noun be it expressed or unexpressed.

Nāmamhi payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe paṭhamo puriso hoti.

(grammar) When qualifying purisa (“person”), it translates as “third”.


भर

भरो (nominative singular)
भरस्स (genitive singular)

(lexicography) Devanagari script form of bhara, name of a root


dhātu

dhātu (nominative singular)
dhātuyo (nominative plural)
dhātū (nominative plural)
dhātuṃ (accusative singular)
dhātuyo (accusative plural)
dhātū (accusative plural)
dhātuyā (instrumental singular)
dhātūhi (instrumental plural)
dhātūbhi (instrumental plural)
dhātuyā (dative singular)
dhātūnaṃ (dative plural)
dhātuyā (ablative singular)
dhātūhi (ablative plural)
dhātūbhi (ablative plural)
dhātuyā (genitive singular)
dhātūnaṃ (genitive plural)
dhātuyā (locative singular)
dhātuyaṃ (locative singular)
dhātūsu (locative plural)
dhātu (singular vocative)
dhātuyo (plural vocative)
dhātū (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Burmese: ဓာတ် (dhat)
→ Shan: ထၢတ်ႈ (thāat)

→ Khmer: ធាតុ (thiət)

→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

Inherited from Sanskrit धातु (dhātu). The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Sanskrit धातु (dhātu).

sl

आस इच्चेताय धातुया तिस्स विभत्तिस्स त्थित्तं होति धात्वन्तस्स लोपो च।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 294; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

'As': from this root the ending 'ti' becomes 'tthi' and the end of the root is dropped

Asa iccetāya dhātuyā tissa vibhattissa tthittaṃ hoti dhātvantassa lopo ca.


dhātu

dhātu (nominative singular)
dhātavo (nominative plural)
dhātū (nominative plural)
dhātuṃ (accusative singular)
dhātavo (accusative plural)
dhātū (accusative plural)
dhātunā (instrumental singular)
dhātūhi (instrumental plural)
dhātūbhi (instrumental plural)
dhātussa (dative singular)
dhātuno (dative singular)
dhātūnaṃ (dative plural)
dhātusmā (ablative singular)
dhātumhā (ablative singular)
dhātūhi (ablative plural)
dhātūbhi (ablative plural)
dhātussa (genitive singular)
dhātuno (genitive singular)
dhātūnaṃ (genitive plural)
dhātusmiṃ (locative singular)
dhātumhi (locative singular)
dhātūsu (locative plural)
dhātu (singular vocative)
dhātave (plural vocative)
dhātavo (plural vocative)

→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

दिस इच्चेतस्स धातुस्स पस्स दिस्स दक्ख इच्चेते आदेसा होन्ति वा।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 283; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

'Dis': this root may become 'pass', 'diss' or 'dakkh'.

Disa iccetassa dhātussa passa dissa dakkha iccete ādesā honti vā.


nāma

nāmaṃ (nominative singular)
nāmāni (nominative plural)
nāmaṃ (accusative singular)
nāma (accusative singular)
nāmāni (accusative plural)
nāmena (instrumental singular)
nāmehi (instrumental plural)
nāmebhi (instrumental plural)
nāmassa (dative singular)
nāmāya (dative singular)
nāmatthaṃ (dative singular)
nāmānaṃ (dative plural)
nāmasmā (ablative singular)
nāmamhā (ablative singular)
nāmā (ablative singular)
nāmehi (ablative plural)
nāmebhi (ablative plural)
nāmassa (genitive singular)
nāmānaṃ (genitive plural)
nāmasmiṃ (locative singular)
nāmamhi (locative singular)
nāme (locative singular)
nāmesu (locative plural)
nāma (singular vocative)
nāmāni (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: နာမ (nama.)

→ Burmese: နာမ် (nam)

→ Old Khmer: nām

→ Khmer: នាម (niəm)

→ Lao: ນາມ (nām)

→ Thai: นาม (naam)

Inherited from Sanskrit नामन् (nāman). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma).

(grammar) substantive, i.e. noun or adjective


byañjana

byañjanaṃ (nominative singular)
byañjanāni (nominative plural)
byañjanā (nominative plural)
byañjanaṃ (accusative singular)
byañjanāni (accusative plural)
byañjanena (instrumental singular)
byañjanehi (instrumental plural)
byañjanebhi (instrumental plural)
byañjanassa (dative singular)
byañjanāya (dative singular)
byañjanatthaṃ (dative singular)
byañjanānaṃ (dative plural)
byañjanasmā (ablative singular)
byañjanamhā (ablative singular)
byañjanā (ablative singular)
byañjanehi (ablative plural)
byañjanebhi (ablative plural)
byañjanassa (genitive singular)
byañjanānaṃ (genitive plural)
byañjanasmiṃ (locative singular)
byañjanamhi (locative singular)
byañjane (locative singular)
byañjanesu (locative plural)
byañjana (singular vocative)
byañjanāni (plural vocative)

Burmese: ဗျည်း (byany:, “letter”)

desc

ព្យញ្ជនៈ (pyŭəñcĕəʼnĕəʼ, “letter”)

Khmer: ព្យញ្ជន (pyŭəñcĕəʼnĕəʼ, “letter”), ព្យញ្ជនៈ (pyŭəñcĕəʼnĕəʼ, “letter”)

Northern Thai: ᨻ᩠ᨿᨬ᩠ᨩᨶ (“letter”)

Thai: พยัญชนะ (pá-yan-chá-ná, “letter”)

Alternative form of vyañjana, which see for further information.


vyañjana

vyañjanaṃ (nominative singular)
vyañjanāni (nominative plural)
vyañjanā (nominative plural)
vyañjanaṃ (accusative singular)
vyañjanāni (accusative plural)
vyañjanena (instrumental singular)
vyañjanehi (instrumental plural)
vyañjanebhi (instrumental plural)
vyañjanassa (dative singular)
vyañjanāya (dative singular)
vyañjanatthaṃ (dative singular)
vyañjanānaṃ (dative plural)
vyañjanasmā (ablative singular)
vyañjanamhā (ablative singular)
vyañjanā (ablative singular)
vyañjanehi (ablative plural)
vyañjanebhi (ablative plural)
vyañjanassa (genitive singular)
vyañjanānaṃ (genitive plural)
vyañjanasmiṃ (locative singular)
vyañjanamhi (locative singular)
vyañjane (locative singular)
vyañjanesu (locative plural)
vyañjana (singular vocative)
vyañjanāni (plural vocative)

Burmese: ဗျည်း (byany:, “letter”)

Khmer: ព្យញ្ជនៈ (pyŭəñcĕəʼnĕəʼ, “letter”)

Northern Thai: ᨻ᩠ᨿᨬ᩠ᨩᨶ (“letter”)

Thai: พยัญชนะ (pá-yan-chá-ná, “letter”)

Inherited from Sanskrit व्यञ्जन (vyañjana). By surface analysis, vi- + añj (“to daub”) + -ana. The sense 'letter' is a shared innovation of the early Prakrits, taken up by Sanskrit.

surf

क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.


ādesa

ādeso (nominative singular)
ādesā (nominative plural)
ādesaṃ (accusative singular)
ādese (accusative plural)
ādesena (instrumental singular)
ādesehi (instrumental plural)
ādesebhi (instrumental plural)
ādesassa (dative singular)
ādesāya (dative singular)
ādesatthaṃ (dative singular)
ādesānaṃ (dative plural)
ādesasmā (ablative singular)
ādesamhā (ablative singular)
ādesā (ablative singular)
ādesehi (ablative plural)
ādesebhi (ablative plural)
ādesassa (genitive singular)
ādesānaṃ (genitive plural)
ādesasmiṃ (locative singular)
ādesamhi (locative singular)
ādese (locative singular)
ādesesu (locative plural)
ādesa (singular vocative)
ādesā (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit आदेश (ādeśa, “advice, instruction”). It might be a semantic loan from Sanskrit आदेश (ādeśa, “substituted form or letter”), but the construction is different.

semantic loan

ध इच्चेतस्स सरे परे क्वचि दकारादेसो होति।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

'Dh': Sometimes there is a change to 'd' for this next to another vowel.

Dha iccetassa sare pare kvaci dakārādeso hoti.


ghosa

ghoso (nominative singular)
ghosā (nominative plural)
ghosaṃ (accusative singular)
ghose (accusative plural)
ghosena (instrumental singular)
ghosehi (instrumental plural)
ghosebhi (instrumental plural)
ghosassa (dative singular)
ghosāya (dative singular)
ghosatthaṃ (dative singular)
ghosānaṃ (dative plural)
ghosasmā (ablative singular)
ghosamhā (ablative singular)
ghosā (ablative singular)
ghosehi (ablative plural)
ghosebhi (ablative plural)
ghosassa (genitive singular)
ghosānaṃ (genitive plural)
ghosasmiṃ (locative singular)
ghosamhi (locative singular)
ghose (locative singular)
ghosesu (locative plural)
ghosa (singular vocative)
ghosā (plural vocative)
ghosaṃ (nominative singular)
ghosāni (nominative plural)
ghosaṃ (accusative singular)
ghosāni (accusative plural)
ghosena (instrumental singular)
ghosehi (instrumental plural)
ghosebhi (instrumental plural)
ghosassa (dative singular)
ghosāya (dative singular)
ghosatthaṃ (dative singular)
ghosānaṃ (dative plural)
ghosasmā (ablative singular)
ghosamhā (ablative singular)
ghosā (ablative singular)
ghosehi (ablative plural)
ghosebhi (ablative plural)
ghosassa (genitive singular)
ghosānaṃ (genitive plural)
ghosasmiṃ (locative singular)
ghosamhi (locative singular)
ghose (locative singular)
ghosesu (locative plural)
ghosa (singular vocative)
ghosāni (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ဃောသ (ghau:sa.) (learned)

The noun is inherited from Sanskrit घोष (ghoṣa). The grammatical term is a semantic loan from Sanskrit घोष (ghoṣa, “voiced”).

घोसाघोस इच्चनेन क्वत्थो? वग्गे घोसाघोसानं ततियपठमा (१।३।७)।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 6; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

'Voiced' v. 'voiceless', what is the usage of this? In a division the third and first are the starts of the voiced and voiceless. (1-3-7)

Ghosāghosa iccanena kvattho? Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā (1-3-7).


aghosa

aghoso (nominative singular)
aghosā (nominative plural)
aghosaṃ (accusative singular)
aghose (accusative plural)
aghosena (instrumental singular)
aghosehi (instrumental plural)
aghosebhi (instrumental plural)
aghosassa (dative singular)
aghosāya (dative singular)
aghosatthaṃ (dative singular)
aghosānaṃ (dative plural)
aghosasmā (ablative singular)
aghosamhā (ablative singular)
aghosā (ablative singular)
aghosehi (ablative plural)
aghosebhi (ablative plural)
aghosassa (genitive singular)
aghosānaṃ (genitive plural)
aghosasmiṃ (locative singular)
aghosamhi (locative singular)
aghose (locative singular)
aghosesu (locative plural)
aghosa (singular vocative)
aghosā (plural vocative)
aghosaṃ (nominative singular)
aghosāni (nominative plural)
aghosaṃ (accusative singular)
aghosāni (accusative plural)
aghosena (instrumental singular)
aghosehi (instrumental plural)
aghosebhi (instrumental plural)
aghosassa (dative singular)
aghosāya (dative singular)
aghosatthaṃ (dative singular)
aghosānaṃ (dative plural)
aghosasmā (ablative singular)
aghosamhā (ablative singular)
aghosā (ablative singular)
aghosehi (ablative plural)
aghosebhi (ablative plural)
aghosassa (genitive singular)
aghosānaṃ (genitive plural)
aghosasmiṃ (locative singular)
aghosamhi (locative singular)
aghose (locative singular)
aghosesu (locative plural)
aghosa (singular vocative)
aghosāni (plural vocative)

From a- + ghosa (“voiced”), calque of Sanskrit अघोष (aghoṣa).


vibhatti

vibhatti (nominative singular)
vibhattiyo (nominative plural)
vibhattī (nominative plural)
vibhattiṃ (accusative singular)
vibhattiyo (accusative plural)
vibhattī (accusative plural)
vibhattiyā (instrumental singular)
vibhattīhi (instrumental plural)
vibhattībhi (instrumental plural)
vibhattiyā (dative singular)
vibhattīnaṃ (dative plural)
vibhattiyā (ablative singular)
vibhattyā (ablative singular)
vibhattīhi (ablative plural)
vibhattībhi (ablative plural)
vibhattiyā (genitive singular)
vibhattīnaṃ (genitive plural)
vibhattiyā (locative singular)
vibhattiyaṃ (locative singular)
vibhattyaṃ (locative singular)
vibhattīsu (locative plural)
vibhatti (singular vocative)
vibhattiyo (plural vocative)
vibhattī (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit विभक्ति (vibhakti) or reconstituted as vi- + bhaj (“to divide”) + -ti. In the grammatical senses, a semantic loan from Sanskrit विभक्ति (vibhakti).

semantic loan

हीयत्तनी अज्जतनी इच्चेता विभत्तियो यदा मायोगे तदा सब्बकाले च होन्ति।मा गमा; मा वचा; मा गमी; मा वची॥

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 256; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

Imperfect and aorist: These tenses are also for every time whenever in conjunction with 'mā'. Exx: Mā gamā; mā vacā; mā gamī; mā vacī.

Hīyattanī ajjatanī iccetā vibhattiyo yadā māyoge, tadā sabbakāle ca honti. Mā gamā; mā vacā; mā gamī; mā vacī.


parassapada

parassapadaṃ (nominative singular)
parassapadāni (nominative plural)
parassapadaṃ (accusative singular)
parassapadāni (accusative plural)
parassapadena (instrumental singular)
parassapadehi (instrumental plural)
parassapadebhi (instrumental plural)
parassapadassa (dative singular)
parassapadāya (dative singular)
parassapadatthaṃ (dative singular)
parassapadānaṃ (dative plural)
parassapadasmā (ablative singular)
parassapadamhā (ablative singular)
parassapadā (ablative singular)
parassapadehi (ablative plural)
parassapadebhi (ablative plural)
parassapadassa (genitive singular)
parassapadānaṃ (genitive plural)
parassapadasmiṃ (locative singular)
parassapadamhi (locative singular)
parassapade (locative singular)
parassapadesu (locative plural)
parassapada (singular vocative)
parassapadāni (plural vocative)

Calque of Sanskrit परस्मैपद (parasmaipada), built as parassa (“for another”) + pada (“ending”)


attanopada

attanopadaṃ (nominative singular)
attanopadāni (nominative plural)
attanopadaṃ (accusative singular)
attanopadāni (accusative plural)
attanopadena (instrumental singular)
attanopadehi (instrumental plural)
attanopadebhi (instrumental plural)
attanopadassa (dative singular)
attanopadāya (dative singular)
attanopadatthaṃ (dative singular)
attanopadānaṃ (dative plural)
attanopadasmā (ablative singular)
attanopadamhā (ablative singular)
attanopadā (ablative singular)
attanopadehi (ablative plural)
attanopadebhi (ablative plural)
attanopadassa (genitive singular)
attanopadānaṃ (genitive plural)
attanopadasmiṃ (locative singular)
attanopadamhi (locative singular)
attanopade (locative singular)
attanopadesu (locative plural)
attanopada (singular vocative)
attanopadāni (plural vocative)

Calque of Sanskrit आत्मनेपद (ātmanepada), composed as attano (“for oneself”) + pada (“word”)

calque

सब्बासं विभत्तीनं यानि यानि पराणि छ तानि तानि अत्तनोपदानि होन्ति।

Whatever are the other six of all the endings, they are the middle endings.

Sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni parāṇi cha tāni tāni attanopadāni honti.


paṭhamapurisa

paṭhamapuriso (nominative singular)
paṭhamapurisā (nominative plural)
paṭhamapurisaṃ (accusative singular)
paṭhamapurise (accusative plural)
paṭhamapurisena (instrumental singular)
paṭhamapurisehi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamapurisebhi (instrumental plural)
paṭhamapurisassa (dative singular)
paṭhamapurisāya (dative singular)
paṭhamapurisatthaṃ (dative singular)
paṭhamapurisānaṃ (dative plural)
paṭhamapurisasmā (ablative singular)
paṭhamapurisamhā (ablative singular)
paṭhamapurisā (ablative singular)
paṭhamapurisehi (ablative plural)
paṭhamapurisebhi (ablative plural)
paṭhamapurisassa (genitive singular)
paṭhamapurisānaṃ (genitive plural)
paṭhamapurisasmiṃ (locative singular)
paṭhamapurisamhi (locative singular)
paṭhamapurise (locative singular)
paṭhamapurisesu (locative plural)
paṭhamapurisa (singular vocative)
paṭhamapurisā (plural vocative)

Calque of Sanskrit प्रथमपुरुष (prathamapuruṣa, “third person”), compounded as karmadhāraya compound of paṭhama (“first”) + purisa (“person”). The uncompounded form also exists.


majjhima

majjhimo (nominative singular)
majjhimā (nominative plural)
majjhimaṃ (accusative singular)
majjhime (accusative plural)
majjhimena (instrumental singular)
majjhimehi (instrumental plural)
majjhimebhi (instrumental plural)
majjhimassa (dative singular)
majjhimāya (dative singular)
majjhimatthaṃ (dative singular)
majjhimānaṃ (dative plural)
majjhimasmā (ablative singular)
majjhimamhā (ablative singular)
majjhimā (ablative singular)
majjhimehi (ablative plural)
majjhimebhi (ablative plural)
majjhimassa (genitive singular)
majjhimānaṃ (genitive plural)
majjhimasmiṃ (locative singular)
majjhimamhi (locative singular)
majjhime (locative singular)
majjhimesu (locative plural)
majjhima (singular vocative)
majjhimā (plural vocative)
majjhimā (nominative singular)
majjhimāyo (nominative plural)
majjhimā (nominative plural)
majjhimaṃ (accusative singular)
majjhimāyo (accusative plural)
majjhimā (accusative plural)
majjhimāya (instrumental singular)
majjhimāhi (instrumental plural)
majjhimābhi (instrumental plural)
majjhimāya (dative singular)
majjhimānaṃ (dative plural)
majjhimāya (ablative singular)
majjhimāhi (ablative plural)
majjhimābhi (ablative plural)
majjhimāya (genitive singular)
majjhimānaṃ (genitive plural)
majjhimāya (locative singular)
majjhimāyaṃ (locative singular)
majjhimāsu (locative plural)
majjhime (singular vocative)
majjhimāyo (plural vocative)
majjhimā (plural vocative)
majjhimaṃ (nominative singular)
majjhimāni (nominative plural)
majjhimaṃ (accusative singular)
majjhimāni (accusative plural)
majjhimena (instrumental singular)
majjhimehi (instrumental plural)
majjhimebhi (instrumental plural)
majjhimassa (dative singular)
majjhimāya (dative singular)
majjhimatthaṃ (dative singular)
majjhimānaṃ (dative plural)
majjhimasmā (ablative singular)
majjhimamhā (ablative singular)
majjhimā (ablative singular)
majjhimehi (ablative plural)
majjhimebhi (ablative plural)
majjhimassa (genitive singular)
majjhimānaṃ (genitive plural)
majjhimasmiṃ (locative singular)
majjhimamhi (locative singular)
majjhime (locative singular)
majjhimesu (locative plural)
majjhima (singular vocative)
majjhimāni (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit मध्यम (madhyama, “middlemost”).

inh+

तुम्हे पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्जमानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे मज्झिमो पुरिसो होति।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 253; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

The second person is used when there is agreement with 'you', be it expressed or unexpressed.

Tumhe payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe majjhimo puriso hoti.

(grammar) In combination with the word for 'person', the meaning is "second".


majjhimapurisa

majjhimapuriso (nominative singular)
majjhimapurisā (nominative plural)
majjhimapurisaṃ (accusative singular)
majjhimapurise (accusative plural)
majjhimapurisena (instrumental singular)
majjhimapurisehi (instrumental plural)
majjhimapurisebhi (instrumental plural)
majjhimapurisassa (dative singular)
majjhimapurisāya (dative singular)
majjhimapurisatthaṃ (dative singular)
majjhimapurisānaṃ (dative plural)
majjhimapurisasmā (ablative singular)
majjhimapurisamhā (ablative singular)
majjhimapurisā (ablative singular)
majjhimapurisehi (ablative plural)
majjhimapurisebhi (ablative plural)
majjhimapurisassa (genitive singular)
majjhimapurisānaṃ (genitive plural)
majjhimapurisasmiṃ (locative singular)
majjhimapurisamhi (locative singular)
majjhimapurise (locative singular)
majjhimapurisesu (locative plural)
majjhimapurisa (singular vocative)
majjhimapurisā (plural vocative)

Calque of Sanskrit मध्यमपुरुष (madhyamapuruṣa), composed as majjhima (“middle”) + purisa (“person”)


uttamapurisa

uttamapuriso (nominative singular)
uttamapurisā (nominative plural)
uttamapurisaṃ (accusative singular)
uttamapurise (accusative plural)
uttamapurisena (instrumental singular)
uttamapurisehi (instrumental plural)
uttamapurisebhi (instrumental plural)
uttamapurisassa (dative singular)
uttamapurisāya (dative singular)
uttamapurisatthaṃ (dative singular)
uttamapurisānaṃ (dative plural)
uttamapurisasmā (ablative singular)
uttamapurisamhā (ablative singular)
uttamapurisā (ablative singular)
uttamapurisehi (ablative plural)
uttamapurisebhi (ablative plural)
uttamapurisassa (genitive singular)
uttamapurisānaṃ (genitive plural)
uttamapurisasmiṃ (locative singular)
uttamapurisamhi (locative singular)
uttamapurise (locative singular)
uttamapurisesu (locative plural)
uttamapurisa (singular vocative)
uttamapurisā (plural vocative)

Calque of Sanskrit उत्तमपुरुष (uttamapuruṣa), composed as uttama (“utmost”) + purisa (“person”)

अम्हे पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्जमानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे उत्तमो पुरिसो होति।

The first person is used when there is agreement with 'I' or 'we', be it expressed or unexpressed.

Amhe payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe uttamo puriso hoti.


vattamāna

vattamāno (nominative singular)
vattamānā (nominative plural)
vattamānaṃ (accusative singular)
vattamāne (accusative plural)
vattamānena (instrumental singular)
vattamānehi (instrumental plural)
vattamānebhi (instrumental plural)
vattamānassa (dative singular)
vattamānāya (dative singular)
vattamānatthaṃ (dative singular)
vattamānānaṃ (dative plural)
vattamānasmā (ablative singular)
vattamānamhā (ablative singular)
vattamānā (ablative singular)
vattamānehi (ablative plural)
vattamānebhi (ablative plural)
vattamānassa (genitive singular)
vattamānānaṃ (genitive plural)
vattamānasmiṃ (locative singular)
vattamānamhi (locative singular)
vattamāne (locative singular)
vattamānesu (locative plural)
vattamāna (singular vocative)
vattamānā (plural vocative)
vattamānā (nominative singular)
vattamānāyo (nominative plural)
vattamānā (nominative plural)
vattamānaṃ (accusative singular)
vattamānāyo (accusative plural)
vattamānā (accusative plural)
vattamānāya (instrumental singular)
vattamānāhi (instrumental plural)
vattamānābhi (instrumental plural)
vattamānāya (dative singular)
vattamānānaṃ (dative plural)
vattamānāya (ablative singular)
vattamānāhi (ablative plural)
vattamānābhi (ablative plural)
vattamānāya (genitive singular)
vattamānānaṃ (genitive plural)
vattamānāya (locative singular)
vattamānāyaṃ (locative singular)
vattamānāsu (locative plural)
vattamāne (singular vocative)
vattamānāyo (plural vocative)
vattamānā (plural vocative)
vattamānaṃ (nominative singular)
vattamānāni (nominative plural)
vattamānaṃ (accusative singular)
vattamānāni (accusative plural)
vattamānena (instrumental singular)
vattamānehi (instrumental plural)
vattamānebhi (instrumental plural)
vattamānassa (dative singular)
vattamānāya (dative singular)
vattamānatthaṃ (dative singular)
vattamānānaṃ (dative plural)
vattamānasmā (ablative singular)
vattamānamhā (ablative singular)
vattamānā (ablative singular)
vattamānehi (ablative plural)
vattamānebhi (ablative plural)
vattamānassa (genitive singular)
vattamānānaṃ (genitive plural)
vattamānasmiṃ (locative singular)
vattamānamhi (locative singular)
vattamāne (locative singular)
vattamānesu (locative plural)
vattamāna (singular vocative)
vattamānāni (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit वर्तमान (vartamāna, present middle participle of वर्तते (vartate)).

inh

present middle participle of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">वर्तते</i> (vartate)

inh+

पच्चुप्पन्ने काले वत्तमाना विभत्ति होति।

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 254; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

For contemporary time, a present ending is used.

Paccuppanne kāle vattamānā vibhatti hoti.


āgama

āgamo (nominative singular)
āgamā (nominative plural)
āgamaṃ (accusative singular)
āgame (accusative plural)
āgamena (instrumental singular)
āgamehi (instrumental plural)
āgamebhi (instrumental plural)
āgamassa (dative singular)
āgamāya (dative singular)
āgamatthaṃ (dative singular)
āgamānaṃ (dative plural)
āgamasmā (ablative singular)
āgamamhā (ablative singular)
āgamā (ablative singular)
āgamehi (ablative plural)
āgamebhi (ablative plural)
āgamassa (genitive singular)
āgamānaṃ (genitive plural)
āgamasmiṃ (locative singular)
āgamamhi (locative singular)
āgame (locative singular)
āgamesu (locative plural)
āgama (singular vocative)
āgamā (plural vocative)


sattamī

sattamī (nominative singular)
sattamiyo (nominative plural)
sattamī (nominative plural)
sattamiṃ (accusative singular)
sattamiyaṃ (accusative singular)
sattamiyo (accusative plural)
sattamī (accusative plural)
sattamiyā (instrumental singular)
sattamīhi (instrumental plural)
sattamībhi (instrumental plural)
sattamiyā (dative singular)
sattamīnaṃ (dative plural)
sattamiyā (ablative singular)
sattamīhi (ablative plural)
sattamībhi (ablative plural)
sattamiyā (genitive singular)
sattamīnaṃ (genitive plural)
sattamiyā (locative singular)
sattamiyaṃ (locative singular)
sattamīsu (locative plural)
sattami (singular vocative)
sattamiyo (plural vocative)
sattamī (plural vocative)

Semantic loan from Sanskrit सप्तमी (saptamī, literally “seventh”)


kārita

kāritaṃ (nominative singular)
kāritāni (nominative plural)
kāritaṃ (accusative singular)
kāritāni (accusative plural)
kāritena (instrumental singular)
kāritehi (instrumental plural)
kāritebhi (instrumental plural)
kāritassa (dative singular)
kāritāya (dative singular)
kāritatthaṃ (dative singular)
kāritānaṃ (dative plural)
kāritasmā (ablative singular)
kāritamhā (ablative singular)
kāritā (ablative singular)
kāritehi (ablative plural)
kāritebhi (ablative plural)
kāritassa (genitive singular)
kāritānaṃ (genitive plural)
kāritasmiṃ (locative singular)
kāritamhi (locative singular)
kārite (locative singular)
kāritesu (locative plural)
kārita (singular vocative)
kāritāni (plural vocative)

The adjective is the regular past participle of the causative verb, and is inherited from Sanskrit कारित (kārita), where it is a bound form. The noun is borrowed from Sanskrit कारित (kārita), but may be interpreted a specific application of the adjective.

गुहदुसानं दीघं ॥५॥
गुह, दुस, इच्चेतेसं धातूनं सरो दीघं आपज्जते कारिते । गूहयति ; दूसयति ॥

5. Length from guha and dusa
Guha, dusa: For these roots, the vowel exhibits length in the causative.
.Exx: gūhayati; dūsayati.

5. Guhadusānaṃ dīghaṃ
Guha, dusa, iccetesaṃ dhātūnaṃ saro dīghaṃ āpajjate kārite. gūhayati; dūsayati.