فاس

Turkish: Fas (“Morocco”)

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


اسلام

head

اسلام • (İslâm)

ota-proper noun

اسلام • (İslâm)

Turkish: İslam


مصر

head

مصر • (Mısır)

ota-proper noun

مصر • (Mısır)

Turkish: Mısır

→ Albanian: Misir

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: Մսըր (Msər), Մսր (Msr)
Armenian: Մսըր (Msər)

→ Romanian: Misir

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: Mìsīr

Cyrillic script: Мѝсӣр

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


اردو

Turkish: Ordu

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army camp”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆 (ordu), Azerbaijani ordu, Bashkir урда (urda), Kazakh орда (orda), Kyrgyz ордо (ordo), Turkmen orda, Uyghur ئوردا (orda), Uzbek orda and Yakut ордуу (orduu).

inh+

(obsolete)

Ordu (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


جهان

Turkish: Cihan


اسد

Turkish: esed

Borrowed from Arabic أَسَد (ʔasad, “lion”).

bor+

(astronomy) Leo, a constellation of the Zodiac

(astrology) Leo, the zodiac sign for the Lion


تموز

Turkish: temmuz


محمد

Mehmed (romanization)
Mehemmed (romanization)
Muhammed (romanization)

desc

Turkish: Muhammet, Muhammed, Mehmet, Mehmed

→ Albanian: Muhammedi

→ Bulgarian: Мохамед (Mohamed)

→ Romanian: Mahomed

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Мухамед

Latin script: Muhamed

→ Slovak: Mohamed

→ Slovene: Móhamed

Borrowed from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

bor+

a male given name from Arabic: Muhammad, Mohammed


فرانسه

Turkish: Fransa

→ Laz: ჶრანსა (fransa)

desc

→ Armenian: Ֆրանսա (Fransa) — Western Armenian


سوریه

Turkish: Suriye

(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria)

(historical) Syria (an ancient Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE)

Vilayet of Syria
Vilayet of Syria#English

Vilayet of Damascus
Vilayet of Damascus#English

Vilayet of Syria, Vilayet of Damascus (a former vilayet in the Ottoman Empire)


مشتری

Borrowed from Arabic الْمُشْتَرِي (al-muštarī).

bor+

الْمُشْتَرِي


استانبول

head

استانبول • (İstanbul)

ota-proper noun

استانبول • (İstanbul)

English: Stambul, Stamboul

Turkish: İstanbul

→ Indonesian: Stambul, stambul

From a corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”), which is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks.

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

Istanbul (a city and province in Istanbul region, Turkey)


ابراهیم

head

ابراهیم • (İbrahim)

ota-proper noun

ابراهیم • (İbrahim)

Turkish: İbrahim

etymon

ar>إِبْرَاهِيم>prophet

bor

Arabic إِبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)

a male given name from Arabic: Ibrahim, Abraham


افغانستان

Turkish: Afganistan

From Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


آلمان

Turkish: Alman


لهستان

Turkish: Lehistan

From له (Leh, “Pole; Poland”) + ـستان (-istan, “-land”), from Old Ruthenian лѧхъ (ljax, “Pole”), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ, “Pole”), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ (“heath-dweller”).


هند

→ Turkish: Hint

From Classical Persian هند (hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š).


چه

Turkish: Çek


موش

Turkish: Muş

Central East Anatolia
Central East Anatolia#English

Muş (a city, district, and province in Central East Anatolia, Turkey)


بودن

Buda (a city in Hungary), now part of Budapest

(historical) Buda (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)


فلسطین

Turkish: Filistin

Borrowed from Arabic فِلَسْطِين (filasṭīn), itself from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē).

bor+

Palestine (The region in Western Asia in the Middle East between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River)

Palestine (A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)


تونس

Turkish: Tunus

Ultimately from Arabic تُونُس (tūnus) of uncertain origin.

(historical) Tunisia (a province of the Ottoman Empire)


لبنان

head

لبنان • (Lübnan)

Turkish: Lübnan

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


بغداد

بغداد • (Bağdad)

ota-proper noun

بغداد • (Bağdad)

Turkish: Bağdat

From Classical Persian بغداد (Bağdād), q.v.


آذربایجان

Turkish: Azerbaycan

→ English: Azerbaijan

→ French: Azerbaïdjan

→ German: Aserbaidschan

desctree

Азербайджа́н

→ Russian: Азербайджа́н (Azerbajdžán), Азербайджа́нъ (Azerbajdžán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ English: Azerbaidzhan

Borrowed from Classical Persian آذَرْبَایْجَان (āzarbāyjān).

bor+

آذَرْبَایْجَان

(original sense) Azerbaijan (a region in northwestern Iran, where ancient Atropatene was located, encompassing the modern provinces of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan)

آذربایجان جمهوریتی

[from 20th c.] Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


سن

Turkish: Sen

اوچ فياقر اوزره کنار سنده

1885–1886, Abdülhak Hâmid, دیوانهلكلرم یاخود بلده, page 11:


آدم

head

آدم • (Âdem)

ota-noun

آدم • (Âdem)

Turkish: adam, Âdem

From Old Anatolian Turkish آدم (âdem), from Arabic آدَم (ʔādam).

a male given name from Arabic: Adem, Adam


باغچه

head

باغچه • (bağçe)

ota-proper noun

باغچه • (bağçe)

Turkish: Bahçe

Borrowed from Persian باغچه (bâğče), diminutive of باغ (bâğ, “garden”).

Bahçe (a town and district in Osmaniye province, Turkey)


یمن

Turkish: Yemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


آسیا

Turkish: Asya

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā, “Asia”).

bor+

Asia, a continent located east of Europe


شیطان

head

شیطان • (şeytân)

Turkish: şeytan

→ Albanian: shejtan

→ Armenian: շեյթան (šeytʻan)

→ Romanian: șeitan

→ Bulgarian: шейта́н (šejtán)

→ Macedonian: шејтан (šejtan)

desc

šéjtān//ше́јта̄н

→ Serbo-Croatian: šéjtān /ше́јта̄н

→ Crimean Tatar: şeytan


مدینه

head

مدینه • (Medîne)

ota-proper noun

مدینه • (Medîne)

Turkish: Medine

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).


انجیل

Turkish: İncil

Borrowed from Arabic إِنْجِيل (ʔinjīl), ultimately from Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion).


بندر

> Turkish: Bender (inherited)

→ Romanian: Bender m

⇒ Old Ukrainian: [Term?] m pl

desc

> Ukrainian: Бенде́ри m pl (Bendéry) (inherited)

⇒ Old Lithuanian: [Term?] m pl

> Lithuanian: Bendèrai m pl (inherited)

→ Polish: Bendery nvir

→ Middle Russian: [Term?] m pl

> Russian: Бенде́ры m pl (Bendéry) (inherited)


صوفیه

Turkish: Sofya

→ English: Sofya

From Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófiya), from църква „Света София“ (cǎrkva "Sveta Sofija"), from Byzantine Greek Ναός Ἁγίας Σοφίας (Naós Hagías Sophías, “Church of Holy Wisdom”), the city's prominent 6th-century Byzantine Greek church, from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


یزدان

(Zoroastrianism) God, the creator of good


نیش

Turkish: Niş

Niš (a city in Nišava district, Serbia).


شبنم

head

شَبْنَم • (Şebnem)

ota-proper noun

شَبْنَم • (Şebnem)

شَبْنَم (canonical)
Şebnem (romanization)

Turkish: Şebnem

a female given name, Şebnem, Shebnem, Shabnam


نجف

Turkish: Necef

Borrowed from Arabic النَّجَف (an-najaf).


مشهد

Turkish: Meşhed


حیفا

Turkish: Hayfa

Borrowed from Arabic حَيْفَا (ḥayfā), from Hebrew חֵיפָה (kheifá), from Classical Syriac ܟܐܦܐ, presumably in reference to Mount Carmel.


رضا

head

رضا • (Rıza)

Turkish: rıza

→ Crimean Tatar: riza


عمان

Turkish: Amman

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَّان (ʕAmmān), from a local name attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”).


هرات

هَرات • (Herât)

ota-proper noun

هَرات • (Herât)

Turkish: Herat

Borrowed from Classical Persian هَرَات (harāt), from Arabic هَرَاة (harāh), from Middle Persian [Term?] (/harēw/).


ارمنستان

Turkish: Ermenistan

From Classical Persian اَرمَنِستان (armanistān).

der

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)


عمر

ʼümer (romanization)
ʼömer (romanization)

Turkish: Ömer

(Islam) Umar, the second caliph recognised in Sunni Islam

a male given name, equivalent to English Omar


عباس

Turkish: Abbas

→ Albanian: Abaz


چشمه

head

چَشمه • (çeşme)

ota-proper noun

چَشمه • (çeşme)

Turkish: Çeşme

Borrowed from Classical Persian چَشْمَه (čašma, “spring, source”).

bor+

Çeşme (a town and district in Izmir province, Turkey)


پنجاب

head

پَنْجاب • (Pencâb)

ota-proper noun

پَنْجاب • (Pencâb)

پَنْجاب (canonical)
Pencâb (romanization)

Turkish: Pencap

→ Bulgarian: Пенджаб (Pendžab)

→ French: Pendjab

→ Macedonian: Пенџаб (Pendžab)

→ Polish: Pendżab

→ Portuguese: Pendjab

→ Russian: Пенджа́б (Pendžáb)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Пенџаб

Latin script: Pendžab


پارس

Turkish: Paris


شام

desc

→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)

Turkish: Şam

(historical) Syria (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)

(historical) Syria (a vilayet in the Ottoman Empire)


قاهره

head

قاهره • (Kâhire)

ota-proper noun

قاهره • (Kâhire)

Turkish: Kahire

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-Qāhira, “Mars the Victorious”), after the planet's transit around the time of the city's founding.


عثمانلیجه

head

عثمانلیجه • (Osmânlıca)

ota-proper noun

عثمانلیجه • (Osmânlıca)

Alternative spelling of عثمانلوجه (Osmânlıca, “Ottoman Turkish language”)


موسی

Turkish: Musa

Borrowed from Arabic مُوسَى (mūsā), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (mōšê).

(Islam) Moses, the patriarch who led the Hebrews out of Egypt


بولی

Turkish: Bolu

→ Armenian: Պօլու (Pōlu), Պօլի (Pōli)

In the Ancient Roman era this city was known as Κλαυδιούπολις (Klaudioúpolis), in honor of Emperor Claudius. After the defeat of the Byzantines, the Turkish conquerors renamed the city Bolî, from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”), in this case just a shortened form of Κλαυδιούπολις (Klaudioúpolis).

Bolu (a city and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


آوروپا

Turkish: Avrupa

→ Laz: ავროფა (avropa)


قزان

Turkish: Kahramankazan

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŕgan (“cauldron”); cognate with Azerbaijani qazan, Bashkir ҡаҙан (qaźan), Chuvash хуран (huran), Kazakh қазан (qazan), Kumyk къазан (qazan), Kyrgyz казан (kazan), Turkmen gāzan and Uzbek qozon.

inh+

Kahramankazan (a town and district in Ankara province, Turkey)


قربان بیرامی

Turkish: Kurban Bayramı

Serbo-Croatian: Kurban bajram

Albanian: Kurban Bajrami

From Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān) + Ottoman Turkish بیرام (bayram).


غزه

Turkish: Gazze

Borrowed from Classical Persian غَزَّه (ğazza), from Arabic غَزَّة (ḡazza).

bor+

Gaza (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant)


بیروت

head

بیروت • (Beyrût)

ota-proper noun

بیروت • (Beyrût)

Turkish: Beyrut


قلعه

head

قلعه • (kalʼe)

ota-proper noun

قلعه • (kalʼe)

Turkish: Kale

Borrowed from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

(historical)

Kale (a town and district in Denizli province, Turkey)

(historical)

Kale (a town and district in Malatya province, Turkey)

(now historical) Synonym of دمره (demre)


طونه

Turkish: Tuna


تركیا

head

تركیا • (Türkiyâ)

ota-proper noun

تركیا • (Türkiyâ)

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


سرای

Turkish: Saray

Borrowed from Persian سرای (sarây, “mansion, palace”), from Middle Persian slʾd (srāy, “hall, house”).

der

Saray (a town and district in Tekirdağ province, Turkey)

Saray (a town and district in Van province, Turkey)


یاش

Turkish: Yaş


احسان

head

احسان • (İhsan)

Turkish: İhsan

der

Arabic إِحْسَان (ʔiḥsān)


مقص

head

مقص • (makas) (definite accusative مقصی (makası), plural مقصلر (makaslar))

makas (romanization)
مقصی (accusative definite)
مقصلر (plural)

Turkish: makas

desc

→ Armenian: մախաս (maxas), մախկազ (maxkaz)

→ Romanian: macaz

Borrowed from Arabic مِقَصّ (miqaṣṣ, “scissors”).

bor+

scissors, shears, a tool used for cutting consisting of two crossing blades

any combination of metal or timber somewhat resembling a pair of scissors in form

shears, an apparatus consisting of two or more spars used for raising heavy weights

(architecture) truss, a triangular structure made of beams and used to support a roof


بعلبك

Turkish: Balebek

Borrowed from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


سمرقند

Turkish: Semerkant

Borrowed from Persian سمرقند (samarqand), from Middle Persian 𐮐𐮋𐮊𐮉𐮌𐮃 (smlknd /samarkand/), itself from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /*Smā́rkąθ/).

der

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


ثریا

Turkish: Süreyya

Borrowed from Arabic ثُرَيَّا (ṯurayyā).


دری

head

دری • (Derî)

ota-proper noun

دری • (Derî)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَرِی (darī)


خلیج

head

خلیج • (Halîc)

ota-proper noun

خلیج • (Halîc)

Turkish: Haliç

the Golden Horn (a major urban waterway, the primary inlet of the Bosporus in Istanbul, Turkey)


دمشق

Turkish: Dimişk, Dimaşk

Synonym of شام, Damascus (the capital of Syria)


طرابلس

head

طرابلس • (Tarabülüs)

ota-proper noun

طرابلس • (Tarabülüs)

Turkish: Trablus

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس (ṭarābulus). Doublet of تیرهبولی.

bor+

طرابلس شام
طرابلس شام#Ottoman_Turkish

Synonym of طرابلس شام (Tarabülüs-i Şam), Tripoli (a city in Lebanon)

طرابلس شام

طرابلس غرب
طرابلس غرب#Ottoman_Turkish

Synonym of طرابلس غرب (Tarabülüs-i Garb), Tripoli (the capital of Libya)


فؤاد

Turkish: Fuat


حمص

Hıms (romanization)
vulg. Hams (romanization)


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
Haleb (romanization)
vulg. Halep (romanization)

Turkish: Halep

→ Albanian: Halepi

→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)

→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)

→ French: Alep

desctree

→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)


اوردن

head

اوردن • (Ürdün)

ota-proper noun

اوردن • (Ürdün)

Turkish: Ürdün

From Arabic الْأُرْدُن (al-ʔUrdun), from the جُـنْـد الْأُرْدُنّ (Jund al-Urdunn, “Military District of Jordan”).

Jordan (a country in the Middle East, in southwestern Asia)


اصفهان

Turkish: İsfahan

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِصْفَهَان (isfahān), from earlier سِپَاهَان (sipāhān), from Middle Persian, ultimately from Old Persian *spādānah (“army”) or *spādānām (“of the armies”), from 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (s-p-a-d /spādaʰ/, “army”), from Proto-Iranian *cwáHdaH (“army”).

bor+

Isfahan (a city in Isfahan province, Iran).


خندق

Turkish: Hendek

Borrowed from Persian خندق (xandaq), itself from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq, “trench, moat”), ultimately from Middle Persian *handag.

Hendek (a town and district in Sakarya province, Turkey)


طوزله

Tuzla (a city and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


قبرس

head

قبرس • (Kıbrıs)

Turkish: Kıbrıs

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


دارفور

Turkish: Darfur

Borrowed from Arabic دار فور (Dār Fūr, “land of the Fur”).

bor+

Darfur: A region in western Sudan where the Fur live.


سودان

Turkish: Sudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, “black people”), plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad, “black”).

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


جاهد

Turkish: Cahit


قندهار

قَندَهار (canonical)
Kandehar (romanization)

Turkish: Kandehar

Borrowed from Persian قندهار (qandahâr).


وان

Turkish: Van

→ English: Van

Central Anatolia
Central Anatolia#English

Van (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


ساری

Turkish: Sari

Sari (a city in Mazandaran province, Iran).


عثمانلوجه

head

عثمانلوجه • (Osmânlıca)

Turkish: Osmanlıca

عثمان (Osman, “Osman”) + ـلو (-lı, adjective forming suffix) + ـجه (-ca, language forming suffix)


پیاس

Turkish: Payas

Borrowed from Arabic بياس, ultimately from Ancient Greek Παίας (Paías).

Payas (a town and district in Hatay province, Turkey)


عارف

Turkish: arif, Arif

→ Albanian: Arif

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish عَارِفْ ('ārif), which was borrowed from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).


ارضروم

Turkish: Erzurum

Eastern Anatolia
Eastern Anatolia#English

Erzurum (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


یونانستان

Yunanıstan (romanization)
Yunanistan (romanization)

Turkish: Yunanistan

From یونان (Yunan, “Greek”) + ـستان (“-istan, -land: forming place names”). Equivalent to Yunan + -istan.


بیوك پرهیز

head

بیوك پرهیز • (Büyük Perhiz)

ota-proper noun

بیوك پرهیز • (Büyük Perhiz)

Turkish: Büyük Perhiz

By surface analysis, بیوك (büyük, “great”) + پرهیز (perhiz, “fast”).


كل بیرامی

head

گل بیرامی • (gül bayramı)

ota-proper noun

گل بیرامی • (gül bayramı)

گل بیرامی (canonical)
gül bayramı (romanization)


تاتارستان

From تاتار (tatar, “Tatar”) + ـستان (-stan, “-stan”)


خرم

Turkish: Hürrem

From Persian خرم (xorram), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwlm /huram/).

der

Hürrem Sultan


برات

Albanian: Berat

English: Berat

Turkish: Berat

From Old Church Slavonic Бѣлградъ (Bělgradŭ), from бѣлъ (bělŭ, “white”) + градъ (gradŭ, “fortress, city”), from Proto-Slavic *bělъ and *gordъ. Doublet of بلغراد (belgrad).


تركیه

Turkish: Türkiye

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


قاش

Turkish: Kaş

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kāĺ (“eyebrow; edge”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐱁 (qaš), Azerbaijani qaş, Bashkir ҡаш (qaş), Kazakh қас (qas), Kyrgyz каш (kaş), Turkmen gāş, Uyghur قاش (qash), Uzbek qosh and Yakut хаас (qaas).

inh+

(historical)

Kaş (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)


روم

English: Rum

German: Rum

desc

→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi

Swahili: Rum

Turkish: Rum

Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm), الرُّوم (ar-rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), from Latin Romani, from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)

(historical) Rum (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)

(historical) Various other areas of the Ottoman Empire full of "Roman" (i.e. Byzantine Greek) people, particularly central Anatolia


جاوید

Turkish: Cavit


باف

Turkish: Baf

Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Πάφος (Páphos), from Ancient Greek.


چنار

head

چنار • (çınar)

ota-proper noun

چنار • (çınar)

Turkish: Çınar

Borrowed from Persian چنار (čenâr), itself from Middle Persian cynʾl (činār).

(historical)

Çınar (a town and district in Diyarbakır province, Turkey)


كنعان

head

کَنْعان • (Kenʿân)

ota-proper noun

کَنْعان • (Kenʿân)

کَنْعان (canonical)
Kenʿân (romanization)

Turkish: Kenan


فرید

Turkish: Ferid, Ferit

داماد فرید پاشا ― Damad Ferid Paşa ― Damat Ferid Pasha


له

Borrowed from Old Ruthenian лѧхъ sg (ljax, “a Pole”) and лѧхи pl (ljaxi, “Poland”), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ m sg (lęxŭ, “a Pole”) and лѧхове m pl (lęxove, “Poland”), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.

der

Synonym of لهستان, Poland (a country in Central Europe)


اوزی

head

اوزی • (Özi)

Turkish: Özi, Özü


آیدین

آیدین • (Aydın)

Turkish: Aydın

From Proto-Turkic *aydïŋ (“light”); cognate with Azerbaijani aydın, Kazakh айдың (aidyñ), Turkmen aýdyň and Tuvan айдың (aydıñ). As a city, named in honor of Aydin Mehmet Bey upon his dynasty's conquest of Güzelhisar.

Aydin (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


مختار

Turkish: Muhtar


یوسف

Turkish: Yusuf

Borrowed from Arabic يُوسُف (yūsuf), itself from Hebrew יוסף (Yōsēph).

(biblical) Joseph, the eleventh and favorite son of Jacob

(biblical) Joseph, the husband of Virgin Mary


جزائر

Turkish: Cezayir

From Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


صور

Turkish: Sur

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (Ṣūr), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr /Ṣur/, “rock”).

(historical) Tyre (an ancient city in Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon)


عمران

head

عمران • (ʼimran)

Turkish: İmran

a male given name, equivalent to English Imran, Omran, or Emran

(Islam) Imran, the father of Maryam, equivalent to Joachim


خرطوم

Turkish: Hartum

Borrowed from Arabic خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm, “trunk, proboscis”).


رفعت

Rıfat (romanization)
Rifa'at (romanization)

Turkish: Rıfat


صارت

Turkish: Sart

English: Sart

From Byzantine Greek Σάρδεις (Sárdeis), ultimately from Lydian 𐤳𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 (Sfard).

Sart (a town in Manisa, Turkey; ancient capital of the Kingdom of Lydia)


عثمان

head

عثمان • (ʿosman)

English: Osman

Turkish: Osman

Osman, a male given name which usually refers to Osman Bey, the founder of the Ottoman Empire


عشاق

عشاق • (ʼuşak)

Turkish: Uşak

→ Armenian: Ուշագ (Ušag)

Uşak (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


نیل

Turkish: Nil

Borrowed from Arabic النِّيل (an-nīl, “the Nile”), itself from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos).


افلاطون

Turkish: Eflatun

From Arabic أَفْلَاطُون (ʔaflāṭūn, “Plato”), from Ancient Greek Πλάτων (Plátōn) as adjusted to Arabic phonology. Nişanyan considers that the use of the term for a shade of purple originates in the multiple references to such colours in Plato's work (e.g. Ancient Greek ἁλουργής (halourgḗs) in the Republic, Book IV, 429d).


نابلس

Borrowed from Arabic نَابُلُس (nābulus), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”).

Nablus (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


بابل

head

بابل • (Bābil)

ota-proper noun

بابل • (Bābil)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَابِل (bābil), from Arabic بَابِل (bābil).

bor+

Babylon, Babel (the ancient capital of Babylonia in Mesopotamia)

Babylonia (an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia)


فرات

furat (romanization)
fırat (romanization)

Turkish: Fırat

Borrowed from Arabic الْفُرَات (al-furāt), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD<)Purattu).

Euphrates (a river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf)


خراسان

Turkish: Horasan

Borrowed from Persian خراسان (xorâsân), from Classical Persian خوراسان (xwarāsān), ultimately from Middle Persian hwlʾsʾn' (xwarāsān, literally “sunrise; east”).

der

Khorasan, the name for the region of Parthia located in the north-east of Iran


حمات

head

حَمات • (Hamât)

ota-proper noun

حَمات • (Hamât)

Turkish: Hamat


دهلی

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


تیره

Turkish: Tire

→ Armenian: Թիրէ (Tʻirē)

Tire (a town and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


كمر

Turkish: Kemer

Borrowed from Persian کمر (kamar, “belt, girdle”), from Middle Persian 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”).

der

(historical)

Kemer (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)

(historical)

Kemer (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


ایالت آناطولی

head

ایالت آناطولی • (Eyâlet-i Ânâtôlî)


رقه

Turkish: Rakka

Borrowed from Arabic الرَّقَّة (ar-raqqa).


دیدیم

Turkish: Didim

Didim (a town and district in Aydın province, Turkey)


نقشه

head

نقشه • (nakşa)

Turkish: Nakşa

→ Armenian: Նաքշա (Nakʻša)

Naxos (an island and town in the Cyclades, Greece).


لاهور

لاهور • (lâhor)

Turkish: Lahor

Borrowed from Arabic لَاهُور (lāhūr), from Urdu لاہَور (lāhaur, “Lahore”).

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


تفلیس

English: Tiflis

Turkish: Tiflis


یونس

Turkish: Yunus

Borrowed from Arabic يُونُس (yūnus), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνᾶς (Iōnâs), from Hebrew יונה (yônā).

(biblical) Jonah, a minor prophet of the Old Testament


قزح

Turkish: Kuzah

Kuzah, a god or demon of the pagan Arabs who presided over clouds, meteors and rainstorms


افریقه

Turkish: Afrika


آناطولی

Anadolı (romanization)
Anadolu (romanization)

Turkish: Anadolu

desc

اَلْأَنَاضُول

→ Arabic: اَلْأَنَاضُول (al-ʔanāḍūl)

→ Arabic: اَلْأَنَاضُول (al-ʔanāḍūl)

From Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “east”).

Anatolia, the peninsula where Turkey is located, also known as Asia Minor


كردستان

Turkish: Kürdistan


طوپخانه

طوپ (top, “cannon”) + خانه (hane, “house”).

affix

Tophane (a neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey), named after the nearby factories.


خطا

head

خطا • (Hatâ)

ota-proper noun

خطا • (Hatâ)

Turkish: Hata


كرچ

head

كرچ • (Kerç)

ota-proper noun

كرچ • (Kerç)

Turkish: Kerç


چفتلك

Turkish: Çiftlik

From چفت (çift, “pair, team; yoke”) + ـلك (-lik).

suffix

(historical)

Çiftlik (a town and district in Niğde province, Turkey)


بوجاق

Turkish: Bucak

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *būčgak (“corner, angle”), a development of *būč- or *bïč-. Cognate with Tatar почмак (poçmaq), Uyghur بۇرجەك (burjek), and Uzbek burchak.

inh+

(historical) Bessarabia, a geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the rivers Dniester and Prut

Bucak (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


قوناق

Turkish: Konak

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *konak (“guest; lodging”); cognate with Azerbaijani qonaq, Bashkir ҡунаҡ (qunaq), Kazakh қонақ (qonaq), Kyrgyz конок (konok), Southern Altai конок (konok), Tatar кунак (qunaq) and Uzbek qoʻnoq. Doublet of قونوق (konuk, “guest”).

Konak (a neighbourhood and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


مرسین

Turkish: Mersin

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْسِين (marsīn), itself from Ancient Greek μυρσίνη (mursínē).


قره‌كوز

head

قرهگوز • (Karagöz)

ota-proper noun

قرهگوز • (Karagöz)

قرهگوز (canonical)
Karagöz (romanization)

Turkish: Karagöz

→ Albanian: Karagjoz

→ Algerian Arabic: قراقوز (garāgōz)

desc

→ Armenian: կարագյոզ (karagyoz), ղարագյոզ (ġaragyoz), խարակյոզ (xarakyoz)

→ Egyptian Arabic: أراجوز (ʔarāgōz)

→ Greek: Καραγκιόζης (Karagkiózis)

→ Iraqi Arabic: قراقوز (qarāqōz)

→ North Levantine Arabic: كراكوز (karākōz)

→ Romanian: caraghios


فس

Turkish: Fes

Fez (a city in Morocco), alternative form of فاس (Fas)


چلتیك

head

چلتیك • (çeltik)

ota-proper noun

چلتیك • (çeltik)

Turkish: Çeltik

From Persian شلتوک (šaltôk, “rice still in the husk; rice-hull”), a compound of شالی (šâli, “rice hull”) + توک (tôk, “bundle, fagot; handle, grip”).

bor

Çeltik (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


جودت

Turkish: Cevdet

→ Arabic: جَوْدَت (jawdat)

From Classical Persian جودت (jawdat), from Arabic جَوْدَة (jawda).


یكی دنیا

head

یَڭی دُنیا • (Yeñi Dünyâ)

ota-proper-noun

یَڭی دُنیا • (Yeñi Dünyâ)

یَڭی دُنیا (canonical)
Yeñi Dünyâ (romanization)

Turkish: Yeni Dünya


سنبكی

head

سنبكی • (sümbeki, sömbeki, sumbaki, zümbeki, zömbeki)

sümbeki (romanization)
sömbeki (romanization)
sumbaki (romanization)
zümbeki (romanization)
zömbeki (romanization)

Turkish: Sömbeki

From Venetan sambecchino, from Italian sciambecchino, from Italian sciambecco.


پورتقال

پوٓرْتُقال or پوٓرْتٰقال • (Portokal or Portakal)

پوٓرْتُقال (canonical)
پوٓرْتٰقال (canonical)
Portokal (romanization)
Portakal (romanization)


پورتغال

پوٓرْتُغال or پوٓرْتٰغال • (Portoğal or Portağal)

پوٓرْتُغال (canonical)
پوٓرْتٰغال (canonical)
Portoğal (romanization)
Portağal (romanization)

alternative form of پورتقال (Portokal or Portakal, “Portugal”)


چارطاق

چارطاق • (çardak)

ota-proper noun

چارطاق • (çardak)

Turkish: Çardak

Borrowed from Persian چارطاق (čârtâq, “vault”), a compound of چار (čâr, “four”) + طاق (tâq, “arch”).

bor+

Çardak (a town and district in Denizli province, Turkey)


بكرش

head

بكرش • (Bükreş)

Turkish: Bükreş

→ Armenian: Պուքրեշ (Pukʻreš)

From Romanian București, from Bucur + -ești (“patronymic suffix”).


پرشنبه

Turkish: Perşembe

Vulgarized form of earlier پنجشنبه (pençşembe), which derives from Persian پنجشنبه (panj-šanbe, “Thursday”, literally “five (days after) Saturday”).

der

(historical)

Perşembe (a town and district in Ordu province, Turkey)


وندیك

Turkish: Venedik

→ Albanian: Venedik

Borrowed from German Venedig, presumably during Austro-Hungarian rule of the city.

Venice (a port city in northeastern Italy)


لوندره

Turkish: Londra

Borrowed from Italian Londra, from French Londres, from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, from Latin Londinium, likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”).

London (the capital of England, United Kingdom)


دالمچیه

head

دالمچیه • (dalmaçya)

ota-proper noun

دالمچیه • (dalmaçya)

Turkish: Dalmaçya


دلیجان

Turkish: Dilican


قسطنطینیه

Turkish: Kostantiniye

From Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya), from Byzantine Greek Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoúpolis, “City of Constantine”).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Κωνσταντινούπολις

(now historical) Synonym of استانبول, Constantinople (the former capital of the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire).


اوغوز

head

اوغوز • (oğuz)


پنك

Ultimately from Old Armenian բանակ (banak, “encampment”).


صارم

head

صارم • (Sarım)

Turkish: Sarım

desc

→ Armenian: Սարում (Sarum), Սարիմ (Sarim)


قولونیا

Turkish: Kolonya


قولونیه

Alternative spelling of قولونیا (Kolonya)


انكلتره

desctree

> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

From Italian Inghilterra, from French Angleterre.


كسكین

Turkish: Keskin

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kesgin (“sharp”), a development of *kes- (“to cut”), whence also كسمك (kesmek, “to cut”). Cognate with Azerbaijani keskin and Kyrgyz кескин (keskin).

inh+

(historical)

Keskin (a town and district in Kırıkkale province, Turkey)


بورسه

Turkish: Bursa

By metathesis from Byzantine Greek Προῦσᾰ (Proûsă), which was probably named after Προυσίας (Prousías), an ancient king of Bithynia.

كرچه ، بر بورسه مبعوثی[…]

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 626:

Bursa (a city and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


بالقان

Inherited from Middle Turkic *balkan (“swamp, rugged place, name of a mountain”), from Old Turkic *bal- (“to cling, to be runny”), probably related to Proto-Turkic *bālïk (“fish”) Cognate with balık.


طربزون

head

طربزون • (Tırabızon)

ota-proper noun

طربزون • (Tırabızon)

desctree

Turkish: Trabzon
→ English: Trabzon
→ Russian: Трабзо́н (Trabzón)

From Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦντα (Trapezoûnta), accusative of Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs).

Trabzon (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


قامش

head

قامش • (Kamış)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kamïĺ; cognate with Azerbaijani qamış, Bashkir ҡамыш (qamış), Chuvash хӑмӑл (hămăl), Kazakh қамыс (qamys), Kyrgyz камыш (kamış), Tatar камыш (qamış), Turkmen gamyş, Uzbek qamish and Yakut хомус (qomus)

name of several populated places in Anatolia.


چكركه

Turkish: Çekirge

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čekürtke (“grasshopper”); cognate with Azerbaijani çəyirtkə, Kazakh шегіртке (şegırtke), Kyrgyz чегиртке (cegirtke), Tatar чикерткә (çikertkä), Turkmen çekirtge, Uyghur چېكەتكە (chëketke), Uzbek chigirtka and Yakut сахсырҕа (saqsırğa).

A village in Bursa, Turkey, modern Çekirge.


یتاغان

یتاغان • (yatağan)

ota-proper noun

یتاغان • (yatağan)

Turkish: Yatağan

According to Nishanyan, from a development of Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie down”) + ـغان (-ğan, -ağan, “habitual suffix”): compare اولاغان (olağan) and بوراغان (burağan), with the same suffix.

(obsolete)

Yatağan (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


وارشاوه

head

وارشاوه • (Varşava)

Turkish: Varşova

From Polish Warszawa or an older form of that word.


وید

Borrowed from Classical Persian ويد (wed), from Sanskrit वेद (veda).


داغستان

head

داغستان • (Dağıstan)

Turkish: Dağıstan

From داغ (dağ, “mountain”) + ـستان (-stan, “-stan”), the suffix from Persian ـِستَان (-estân, “-stan”).

affix

A region on the Caspian side of the Caucasus, now the Russian republic of Dagestan but formerly of Persia.


كورجستان

head

گورجستان • (Gürcistan)

گورجستان (canonical)
Gürcistan (romanization)

Turkish: Gürcistan

bor

Persian گرجستان


چینود

Turkish: çinvat

(Zoroastrianism) Chinvat, the bridge from earth to heaven.


دینیه‌ستر

دینیهستر (canonical)
Dinyester (romanization)

Turkish: Dinyester

Probably a rendering of Old East Slavic Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ), since the Ottoman territory already contained the East-Slavic-speaking coastal region south of the river’s mouth by the end of the 14th century and then the Empire conquered it under Süleyman I.

Unsere weitere Absicht, nach Herstellung der Eisenbahnverbindungen in Ostgalizien und in der Bukowina zur Erzwingung des Friedens im Osten den Feldzug gegen die russisch-rumänische Front südlich des Dnjestr fortzusetzen, mußte aufgegeben werden. Er sollte in einem doppelten Angriff über den oberen Sereth westlich Galatz und hart südlich des Dnjestr bestehen und auch zangenartig wirken.

1922, ادارهٔ حرب و سیاست [Idare-i harb ve siyaset], Istanbul: مطبعهٔ عثمانیه, page 176, originally 199; translation of Erich Ludendorff, Kriegsführung und Politik, Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1922:

Our further intention, the military campaign against the Russian-Romanian front to be continued south of the Dniestr to force piece in the east, after procurement of the railroad connections in Eastern Galicia and in the Bukovina, had to be abandoned. It was supposed to consist in a double attack over the upper Siret west of Galați as well as hard south of the Dniestr and go like pincers.

Dniester (a river in Eastern Europe), flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.

Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire


طورله

Turkish: Turla


سبخه

A district in the Ottoman province Fezzan, modern Sabha, Libya.

A district in the Ottoman province Zor, in modern Syria.


افریقیه

head

افریقیه • (efrikıye)

bor

إِفْرِيقِيَة

Ifriqiya, district of the Ottoman province of Tunis.


ماله

Turkish: mala

→ Armenian: մալա (mala), մա̈լա̈ (mälä)

Borrowed from Persian ماله (mâle, “trowel, harrow”).

bor+

trowel, a plasterer's tool used in spreading and dressing mortar

(in general) any instrument for rubbing down and smoothing


بوسنه

Turkish: Bosna

→ Armenian: Պօսնա (Pōsna)


بوشناق

head

بوشناق • (Boşnak)

Turkish: Boşnak

desc

→ Ladino: בוסנאק (bosnak), בושנאק (boshnak)


بوژق

From Serbo-Croatian Бо̀жић (Bòžić) or from a related Slavic language.


پطنوس

Turkish: Patnos

Borrowed from Armenian Բադնոց (Badnocʻ).

Patnos (a town and district in Ağrı province, Turkey)


كوله

head

گوله • (Göle)

ota-proper noun

گوله • (Göle)

Turkish: Göle

→ Greek: Γκιόλε (Gkióle)

From Georgian კოლა (ḳola). The town was previously known as مردهنیك (Merdenik).

(obsolete)

Göle (a town and district in Ardahan province, Turkey)


طوغرول

Toğrul (romanization)
Tuğrul (romanization)

Compare Azerbaijani Toğrul, Middle Armenian Տուղրիլ (Tuġril).

a male given name, especially associated with Tughril Bey


كنك

Turkish: Geng

Borrowed from Classical Persian گَنْگ (gang).


بیاس

Alternative spelling of پیاس (payas, “Payas, a town in Hatay province”)


طرسوس

Turkish: Tarsus

From Ancient Greek Ταρσός (Tarsós), ultimately from Hittite Tarsa.

Tarsus (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


بالقلاوه

head

بالقلاوه • (Balıklava)

Alteration of بالقلاغه (balıklaga, “good fishing ground”), from بالق (balık, “fish”).


آخلاط

bor

Arabic أَخْلَاط (ʔaḵlāṭ)

Ahlat (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; at Lake Van, 40 km northeast from Tatvan along the coastline)

Ahlat (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


بتلیس

Turkish: Bitlis

→ Arabic: بِتْلِيس (bitlīs)

→ Armenian: Բիթլիս (Bitʻlis)

Compare Arabic بَدْلِيس (badlīs), Old Armenian Բաղէշ (Bałēš).

Bitlis (a city in Bitlis, Turkey; 25 km southwest of Tatvan at Lake Van)

Bitlis (a province of Turkey; to the west of the Van Province)


خیزان

Hizan (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; 34 km southeast straight line from Bitlis)

Hizan district (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


جانیك

Canik (romanization)
Canık (romanization)

Turkish: Canik

Canik (a town and district in Samsun province, Turkey)


جاوه

Turkish: Cava

From Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa), probably through an intermediate language.


چوروم

head

چوروم • (çorum)

Turkish: Çorum

Çorum (a city, district, and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


كوشك

كوشك • (Köşk)

ota-proper noun

كوشك • (Köşk)

Turkish: Köşk

Borrowed from Persian کوشک (kušk, “palace, portico”), itself from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

bor+

Köşk (a town and district in Aydın province, Turkey)


قراباغ

head

قراباغ • (Karabağ)

Turkish: Karabağ

قرا (kara, “black”) + باغ (bağ, “garden”)


صامسون

Turkish: Samsun

From Byzantine Greek Σαμψούντα (Sampsoúnta).

Samsun (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


آلپ

Turkish: Alp


عینتاب

head

عینتاب • (ʿAyntab)

Turkish: Antep

Southeast Anatolia
Southeast Anatolia#English

Gaziantep (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


حصن منصور

Turkish: Hısnımansur

From حصن (hısn, “fortress, stronghold”) + منصور (mansur, “a proper name for men”), in honor of the Umayyad commander who captured the fortress.

آدی یامان
آدی یامان#Ottoman_Turkish

(now historical) Synonym of آدی یامان (adı yaman, “a city in Turkey”)


ردوس

Turkish: Rodos

From Byzantine Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos), from Ancient Greek of uncertain origin.

Rhodes (a city and island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


قره دكز

Turkish: Karadeniz


آق دكز

Turkish: Akdeniz

آق (ak, “white”) + دكز (deñiz, deniz, “sea”).
Referring to it as the "White" sea is common throughout the region, see Arabic الْبَحْر الْأَبْيَض الْمُتَوَسِّط (al-baḥr al-ʔabyaḍ al-mutawassiṭ, “"Middle white sea”), Persian بحر سفید, though these may be calques as direct translations from the Ottoman (possibly by the Ottomans). See the Wikipedia page for more details.

cog

الْبَحْر الْأَبْيَض الْمُتَوَسِّط

Persian بحر سفید


موصل

Mevsıl (romanization)
vulg. Musul (romanization)
Mosul (romanization)

Turkish: Musul

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَوْصِل (al-mawṣil).

bor+

Mosul (the capital city of the Nineveh governorate, Iraq)

(historical) Mosul (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)


ایلغین

head

ایلغین • (ılgın)

ota-proper noun

ایلغین • (ılgın)

Turkish: Ilgın

Ilgın (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


سلجوق

Turkish: Selcuk

Ultimately from a Proto-Oghuz term attested as Old Anatolian Turkish سلجك (Selcuk) in the Dede Korkut and Karakhanid سلجك (Selcuk) in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, of uncertain etymology. See Seljuk.

Book of Dede Korkut
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Mahmud al-Kashgari


عكا

head

عكا • (akkâ)

ota-proper noun

عكا • (akkâ)

Turkish: Akka

Ultimately from Arabic عَكَّا (ʕakkā), from Biblical Hebrew עַכּוֹ (ʕakkō) of unknown origin.


قونیه

Turkish: Konya

English: Konya

→ Armenian: Ղոնիա (Ġonia)

From Byzantine Greek Ἰκόνιον (Ikónion), from an Ancient Greek adaption of Luwian Ikkuwaniya, from Hittite Kawana.

Konya (a city and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


سلانیك

head

سلانیك • (Selânik)

Turkish: Selanik

From Byzantine Greek Σαλονίκη (Saloníkē), q.v.

Thessaloniki (a city in the Macedonia region, Greece).


آنقره

Turkish: Ankara

→ Arabic: أَنْقَرَة (ʔanqara)

→ English: Ankara

→ French: Ankara

→ German: Ankara

→ Italian: Ankara

→ Russian: Анкара́ (Ankará)

→ Persian: آنکارا (ânkârâ)

From Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Cubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite 𒌷𒀭𒆪𒉿𒀸 (Ankuwaš), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“elbow, bend, curve”).

der

Ankara (the capital city and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


عصمت

Turkish: İsmet

→ Albanian: Ismet

→ Serbo-Croatian: Ismet

a male given name from Arabic, notably belonging to Ismet Inonu, second president of Turkey.


كدوس

Turkish: Gediz

A river in Turkey, the site of a battle during the Turkish War of Independence.


روم‌ایلی

رومایلی (canonical)
Rumeli (romanization)
Rumili (romanization)

Turkish: Rumeli

From روم (rum, “Roman”) + ایل (il, el, “land, country”).


درسم

Turkish: Dersim

وضعیتی ایضاح ایتدیلر: درسم كوردلری بوغازی طوتمشلردر.

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 62:

They explained the situation: The Dersim Kurds hold the pass.

Vaziyeti izah ettiler: Dersim Kürdleri boğazı tutmuşlardır.

A Kurdish region of eastern Anatolia, modern Tunceli.


آماسیه

Turkish: Amasya

آماسیهدن، ارضرومه كلیركن[…]

Amasya (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


سیواس

Turkish: Sivas

→ English: Sivas

From Byzantine Greek Σεβάστεια (Sebásteia), from Ancient Greek σεβαστή (sebastḗ, “emperor's day”) + -εια (-eia), from Σεβαστός (Sebastós) used as a calque of Latin Augustus. Doublet of سابستیه (sebastiye, “a city in Palestine”).

doublet

(historical) Sivas (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)

Sivas (a city, district, and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


درسعادت

Turkish: Dersaadet

From Persian درسعادت, from Persian در (dar, “door”) and Arabic سَعَادَة (saʕāda), literally "gate to happiness".

der

Persian درسعادت


نامور

head

نامور • (Namür)

ota-proper noun

نامور • (Namür)


ریزه

Turkish: Rize

١٨٤٠ سنهسندنبری ؛ یعنی اوچ ربع عصردنبری ، ریزهدن استانبول بوغازینه قدر آناطولونك قرهدكز حوضهسنده ، اسكی یونانلیلغك احیاسی ایچون چالیشان بر روم زمرهسی موجود ایدی.

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 453:

1840 senesinden beri; yani üç rub asırdan beri, Rize'den İstanbul Boğazı'na kadar Anadolu'nun Karadeniz havzasında, eski Yunanlılığın ahyası için çalışan bir Rum zümresi mevcud idi.

A city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey


ارزنجان

Turkish: Erzincan

→ English: Erzincan

ارزنجاندن غربه حركت ایتدیكمز كونك صباحی[…]

Erzincan'dan garba hareket ettiğimiz kevnin sabahı […]

Erzincan (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


تراكیا

Turkish: Trakya

شرقی و غربی تراكیانك بر وحدت ملیه آلتنده[…]

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 303:

Şarkı ve garbı Trakya'nın bir vahdeti milliye altında […]

Thrace (a region in southeastern Europe)


چالدران

head

چالدران • (Çaldıran)


سه‌ور

Turkish: Sevr

A city in France, notable in Ottoman history for the Treaty of Sevres.


موندروس

Mudros (a town in the Aegean), in Ottoman history notable as the site of the signing of the Armistice of Mudros.


آطه‌لر

Turkish: Adalar

→ Armenian: Ատալար (Atalar)

Adalar (a district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


ازمید

ازمید • (İzmit)

ota-proper noun

ازمید • (İzmit)

Turkish: İzmit

English: Izmit

Variant of İznikmid, from Byzantine Greek Νικομήδεια (Nikomḗdeia, “Nicomedia”), from Ancient Greek Νικομήδης (Nikomḗdēs) + -ιᾰ (-iă, “ia: forming place names”).

der

Izmit (a city and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


ازمیر

head

ازمیر • (İzmir)

ota-proper noun

ازمیر • (İzmir)

Turkish: İzmir

Izmir (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


دوملوپیكار

head

دوملوپیكار • (Dumlupınar)

Turkish: Dumlupınar

Compare Greek Τουμλού Μπουνάρ (Toumloú Bounár).

cog

Τουμλού Μπουνάρ

Dumlupinar (a town in Turkey), the site of a major battle during the Turkish War of Independence.


مدانیه

Turkish: Mudanya

Mudanya (a town and district in Bursa province, Turkey)


ضیا

Turkish: Ziya


آقحصار

Turkish: Akhisar

Compound of آق (ak, “white”) + حصار (hisar, “fortress”). This place is the site of the ancient city of Thyatira, one of the Seven churches of Asia mentioned in the biblical book of Revelation.

com+

Akhisar (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


صالحلی

Turkish: Salihli

From a clan's name that inhabited the area, by surface analysis: صالح (salih, “a male given name”) + ـلی (-li).

affix

Salihli (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


بالیكسر

Turkish: Balıkesir

Perhaps from Byzantine Greek Παλαιόκαστρον (Palaiókastron), from παλαιός (palaiós, “old”) + κάστρον (kástron, “castle”).

der

Παλαιόκαστρον

Balıkesir (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


كیرماستی

Turkish: Kirmasti

A town in Turkey, in the Marmara region, renamed Mustafakemalpaşa after the War of Independence.


آلاشهر

Turkish: Alaşehir

English: Alasehir

Compound of آلا (ala, “spotted, multicolored”) + شهر (şehir, “city”).

compound

Alasehir (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


سنوب

Turkish: Sinop

English: Sinop

From Byzantine Greek Σινώπη (Sinṓpē), from Hittite 𒅆𒉡𒉿 (Šinuwa).

Sinop (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


چركس

head

چركس • (çerkes) (definite accusative چركسی (çerkesi), plural چركسلر (çerkesler))

çerkes (romanization)
چركسی (accusative definite)
چركسلر (plural)

Turkish: Çerkez, Çerkes

→ Armenian: չերքեզ (čʻerkʻez)

Borrowed from Russian черке́с (čerkés), a word of disputed origin.

Circassian, a native or inhabitant of Circassia, a region in North Caucasus


دكزلی

دڭزلی (canonical)
Deñizli (romanization)

Turkish: Denizli

→ Armenian: Տէնիզլի (Tēnizli)

Morphologically from دڭز (deñiz, “sea”) + ـلی (-li), but this is probably a mispronunciation of the older form طوڭوزلی (Doñuzlu), from طوڭوز (doñuz, “pig, swine”) + ـلی (-lu).

Denizli (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


واصف

واصف • (Vasıf)

From Arabic وَاصِف (wāṣif), active participle of وَصَفَ (waṣafa).


آتنه

Synonym of آتینا, Athens (the capital of Greece)


لیون

Persian: لیون (Liyon)

From French Lyon, from Latin Lugdūnum, from Gaulish *Lugudūnon (“fort of Lug”), from the Celtic deity Lug, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lyon (a city in central France; capital of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


لیون

From Spanish León, from Latin legio (“legion”) for the Legio VII Gemina formerly based there.

Leon (a city in northwest Spain; former capital of Leon)


خلیل

a male given name from Arabic, equivalent to English Khalil


چناب

چَناب • (Çenab)

ota-proper noun

چَناب • (Çenab)

Turkish: Çenab

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Ottoman Turkish چناب
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).


دربند

Derbend (romanization)
Derbent (romanization)

Turkish: Derbent

→ English: Derbend, Derbent

→ French: Derbend, Derbent

→ German: Derbend, Derbent

desc

→ Russian: Дербе́нд (Derbénd), Дербе́нт (Derbént)

Borrowed from Persian دربند (darband), from در (dar, “door, gate, passage”) + بند (band, “band, tie, fastening”), literally “bar of a door”.


ماشه

head

ماشه • (maşa)

ota-proper noun

ماشه • (maşa)

Turkish: maşa

→ Albanian: mashë

→ Armenian: մաշա (maša)

→ Macedonian: маша (maša)

tongs, a tool used for manipulating things in a fire without touching them

anchor-shaped and double-headed detent in a watch


طوبی

Turkish: Tuba

(Islam) name of a tree in paradise, a branch of which will enter the mansion of each inhabitant, with flowers and ripe fruit of every imaginable kind


جده

cidde (romanization)
cüdde (romanization)

Turkish: Cidde

→ Armenian: Ճիտտէ (Čittē)

Borrowed from Arabic جِدَّة (jidda), جُدَّة (judda).

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


میكائیل

head

میكائیل • (mikail)

ota-proper noun

میكائیل • (mikail)

Turkish: Mikail, Mikâil

Borrowed from Arabic مِيكَائِيل (mīkāʔīl), ultimately from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל.


مرعش

head

مرعش • (marʼaş)

ota-proper noun

مرعش • (marʼaş)

Turkish: Maraş

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْعَش (marʕaš). The prefix kahraman (“hero”) was added in 1973 to commemorate the battle of Marash, fought between the Ottoman Empire and the French forces.

Kahramanmaraş (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


تركستان

head

تركستان • (türkistân)

ota-proper noun

تركستان • (türkistân)

Turkish: Türkistan


بوجاقلو

head

بوجاقلو • (Bucaklı)

Turkish: bucaklı, Bucaklı

desc

→ Armenian: պուճախլը (pučaxlə), ⇒ Բուչակլյան (Bučʻaklyan)

→⇒ Laz: ბუჯაქლიში (bucaklişi, surname)

→ Turkish: Bucaklişi


صنعا

Turkish: San'a

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


جنوه

Turkish: Cenova

From Italian Genova directly and via Persian جنوآ (Jenoâ).

Genoa (a port city in northwestern Italy)


بیت اللحم

Turkish: Beytüllahim

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت لَحْم (bayt laḥm), ultimately from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Lékhem), from בֵּית (bet, “house”) + לֶחֶם (lékhem, “bread”).

bor+

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


یوغوسلاویا

توركیه - یوغوسلاویا آراسنده

1926 January 3, Hakimiyet-i Milliye, headline:


اسوج

head

اسوج • (İsvec)

Turkish: İsveç


لمنی

Turkish: Limni

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λῆμνος (Lêmnos).


واسط

head

واسط • (vasıt)

ota-proper noun

واسط • (vasıt)

Turkish: Vasıt


آطنه

Turkish: Adana

From Byzantine Greek Ἄδανα (Ádana), from Ancient Greek.

Adana (a city in Cilicia, Turkey; capital of Adana)

(historical) Adana (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire, from 1608–1865)

(historical) Adana (a vilayet in the Ottoman Empire, from 1869–1922)


آنطالیه

Turkish: Antalya

Antalya (a city and province in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey)


قارص

Turkish: Kars

→ English: Kars

→ Armenian: Ղարս (Ġars)

Northeast Anatolia
Northeast Anatolia#English

Kars (a city, district, and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


سعرد

Turkish: Siirt

Siirt (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


اورفا

head

اورفا • (Urfa)


ادرنه

اَدِرنه • (Edirne)

ota-proper noun

اَدِرنه • (Edirne)

→ Arabic: أَدِرْنَة (ʔadirna)

→ Azerbaijani: Ədirnə

→ Bashkir: Әдирнә (Ədirnə)

→ Bulgarian: Одрин (Odrin)

desctree

→ Persian: اَدِرنه (aderne)
→ Punjabi: اَدِرْنَہ (adirnah)
→ Urdu: اَدِرْنَہ (adirna)

Turkish: Edirne

English: Edirne

→ Tatar: Әдирнә (Ädirnä)

From Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis, “Adrianople”), from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós, “Hadrian”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”).

der

Ἁδριανούπολις

Edirne (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


بروسه

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nl

Alternative form of بورسه (bursa, “a city and province in Turkey”)


طاوشانلی

head

طاوشانلی • (Tavşanlı)

ota-proper noun

طاوشانلی • (Tavşanlı)

Turkish: Tavşanlı

From طاوشان (tavşan, “hare”) + ـلو (lu, -lı).

Tavşanlı (a town and district in Kütahya province, Turkey)


قافقاس

Turkish: Kafkas

Compare Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f, “mountain”), Old Armenian Կապկոհ (Kapkoh, “Caucasus”), Ancient Greek Καύκᾰσος (Kaúkăsos, “Caucasus”).


مالطه

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


قرتال

Turkish: Kartal

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kạ̄rt- (“falcon, hawk”) and cognate with Azerbaijani qartal. According to Nishanyan, this root has evolved from *kara (“black”).

Kartal (a neighbourhood and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


صقلیه

Turkish: Sıkılliye

Borrowed from Arabic صِقِلِّيَّة (ṣiqilliyya), from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía).


شمس الدین

head

شمس الدین • (Şemsüddin)

Turkish: Şemsüddin

From Arabic شَمْس الدِّين (šams ad-dīn).

der

شَمْس الدِّين


آوستریا

Turkish: Avusturya


حرب عمومی

حرب (harb, “war”) + عمومی (umumi, “general”)


فورد

Turkish: Ford

صاتیلق فورد اوتوموبیلری

1926 March 18, advertisement in Hakimiyet-i Milliye, page 6


خاصكوی

head

خاصكوی • (Hasköy)

ota-proper noun

خاصكوی • (Hasköy)

Turkish: Hasköy

→ Bulgarian: Хасково (Haskovo)

→ English: Haskovo, Khaskovo

From خاص (has, “special, genuine”) + كوی (köy, “village”), literally “special village”.


سلستره

Turkish: Silistre

Borrowed from Bulgarian Силистра (Silistra).


نیكبولی

head

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

نیگبولی (canonical)
Niğbolu (romanization)

Turkish: Niğbolu

Borrowed from Bulgarian Никопол (Nikopol).


نیكبولی

head

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

ota-proper noun

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

Turkish: Niğbolu

From Byzantine Greek Νικόπολις (Nikópolis, “Nicopolis”), from Ancient Greek νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”) named for the Battle of Actium nearby.

bor

(historical) Nicopolis (an ancient city in Greece)


اینبختی

head

اینبختی • (İnebahtı)

Turkish: İnebahtı

From Byzantine Greek Ναύπακτος (Naúpaktos).


لوفجه

لوفجه • (Lofça)

Turkish: Lofça

Derived from Bulgarian Ловеч (Loveč), from Old Church Slavonic ловьчь (lovĭčĭ, “of a hunter”).


طرابلس شام

head

طرابلس شام • (tarâbülüs-i şâm)

ota-proper noun

طرابلس شام • (tarâbülüs-i şâm)

Turkish: Trablusşam

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس الشَّام (ṭarābulus aš-šām).

bor+

طَرَابُلُس الشَّام


طرابلس غرب

Turkish: Trablusgarp

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس الْغَرْب (ṭarābulus al-ḡarb).

طَرَابُلُس الْغَرْب

Coordinate term: طرابلس شام (Tarâbülüs-i Şâm)


یانیه

Turkish: Yanya

From Greek Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina) of uncertain origin.

Ioannina (a city in the Epirus region, Greece).


فسطاط

Borrowed from Arabic الْفُسْطَاط (al-fusṭāṭ).

(historical) Fustat (the former capital of Egypt).


كورفز

head

كورفز • (Körfez)

ota-proper noun

كورفز • (Körfez)

Turkish: Körfez

Borrowed from Greek κόρφος (kórfos, “chest, breast”), ultimately from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “chest, breast; gulf”).

der

Körfez (a town and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


كورفز

head

كورفز • (Körfüz)

Turkish: Körfüz

Corfu (an island in the Ionian Islands region, Greece)


ماغوسه

ماغوسه • (Mağusa)

Turkish: Mağusa, Gazimağusa

→ Armenian: Մաղուսա (Maġusa)

Variant of earlier فاماغوسته (Famagosta), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμμόχωστος (Ammókhōstos).


توركیه

توركیه • (Türkiye)

ota-proper noun

توركیه • (Türkiye)

(late Ottoman Turkish) Alternative form of تركیه (Türkiye)


اینوس

head

اینوس • (inos)

Turkish: Enez

Enez (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


قافقاسیا

Turkish: Kafkasya


فلبه

Turkish: Filibe

→ Armenian: Ֆիլիպէ (Filipē)

From Latin Philippopolis, itself from Ancient Greek Φιλιππούπολις (Philippoúpolis).

der

Φιλιππούπολις


طاشوز

head

طاشوز • (Taşöz)

Turkish: Taşoz

East Macedonia and Thrace
East Macedonia and Thrace#English

Thasos (an island and town in the East Macedonia and Thrace region, Greece).


رمزی

رمزی • (Remzî)

ota-proper noun

رمزی • (Remzî)

Turkish: Remzi

Borrowed from Arabic رَمْزِيّ (ramziyy).


خیوه

Turkish: Hive

Khiva (a city in the Xorazm region, Uzbekistan)


فلاندر

Turkish: Flandr


باب عالی

head

باب عالی • (Babıali)

Turkish: Babıali

→ Armenian: Պապը Ալի (Papə Ali)

→ Dutch: Hoge Porte (calque)

→ French: Sublime Porte (calque)

→ English: Sublime Porte

→ German: Hohe Pforte (calque)

desc

→ Greek: Υψηλή Πύλη (Ypsilí Pýli) (calque)

→ Swedish: Höga porten (calque)

A Persian ezafe construct from Arabic words, literally meaning "Exalted Gate", also compare Persian عالی قاپو used by safavids.

cog

Persian عالی قاپو

Sublime Porte, the Ottoman government or its seat of power.


اورفه

head

اورفه • (Urfa)

ota-proper noun

اورفه • (Urfa)

English: Urfa

Turkish: Urfa

Sanliurfa (a province in southeastern Turkey)


مغنیسا

head

مغنیسا • (Mağnisa)

ota-proper noun

مغنیسا • (Mağnisa)

Turkish: Manisa

→ Armenian: Մաղնիսա (Maġnisa)

From Ancient Greek Μᾰγνησῐ́ᾱ (Măgnēsĭ́ā).

Manisa (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


آنامور

Turkish: Anamur

From Ancient Greek Ἀνεμούριον (Anemoúrion).

Anamur (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


آمریقان

Turkish: Amerikan

American (person born in or citizen of the USA)


ترخاله

head

ترخاله • (tırhala)

Turkish: Tırhala

desc

→ Armenian: Թրհալա (Tʻrhala), Թըրհալա (Tʻərhala)

Borrowed from Greek Τρίκαλα (Tríkala), from Ancient Greek Τρίκκη (Tríkkē).


جغتایجه

Turkish: Çağatayca

جغتای (Cağatay, “Chaghatay (Mongol ruler)”) + ـجه (-ca)


جغتای

Turkish: Çağatay


آلتای

Turkish: Altay


تركی

head

تركی • (türkî)

ota-proper noun

تركی • (türkî)

Turkish: Türki

From ترك (türk, “Turk”) + ـی (-î, nisba suffix).

af

جغتای تركیسی

Turkic, the large language family spoken by Turkic people

Turk, a person or speaker of the various Turkic languages


استانیماقه

Turkish: Stanimaka

From Ancient Greek Στενήμαχος (Stenḗmakhos), the ancient name of Asenovgrad.

Asenovgrad (a town in Plovdiv province, Bulgaria)


بیغا

Turkish: Biga

→ Armenian: Պիղա (Piġa)

Biga (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


اوتوی

head

اوتوی • (Otöy)

ota-proper noun

اوتوی • (Otöy)

او اوتوى بلبلنك فريادی
چیقمدی کیتدى كوكلدن يادی !

O Otöy bülbülünün feryâdı,
Çıkmadı gitti gönülden yâdı!

Auteuil (a neighbourhood of Paris, France)


بودروم

Turkish: Bodrum

English: Bodrum

→ Armenian: Պօտրում (Pōtrum)

Bodrum (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


دوفینه

Turkish: Dofine

مثلا دوفينه (Dauphiné) قطعهسی وقت مزبورده صاتون آلنمش و او وقتدن بری فرانسه ولی عهدلری دوفن (Dauphin) اسمیله یاد اولنمغه باشلامشلردر.

1911, Mehmed Murad, تاريخ عمومى, page 176:

For example, the Dauphiné part was purchased at the aforementioned time, and since that time the heirs apparent of France began to be mentioned with the name of "Dauphin".

Mesela Dofine kıt'ası vakt-ı mezbûrde satın alınmış ve o vaktdan beri Fransa velî 'ahdları dofen ismiyle yad olunmağa başlamışlardır.


نجیب

head

نجیب • (Necîb)

ota-proper noun

نجیب • (Necîb)

Turkish: Necip


آلپلر

Turkish: Alpler

From French Alpe (“Alp”) + ـلر (-ler, plural suffix).


یوقاری آلپ

head

یوقاری آلپ • (Yukarı Alp)

ota-proper noun

یوقاری آلپ • (Yukarı Alp)


ساحلی آلپ

head

ساحلی آلپ • (Sâhilî Alp)

ota-proper noun

ساحلی آلپ • (Sâhilî Alp)

Partial calque of French Alpes-Maritimes.

partial calque

Alpes-Maritimes (a department of France)


آشاغی آلپ

head

آشاغی آلپ • (Aşağı Alp)

ota-proper noun

آشاغی آلپ • (Aşağı Alp)


آغلاسون

head

آغلاسون • (ağlasun)

ota-proper noun

آغلاسون • (ağlasun)

Turkish: Ağlasun

From Ancient Greek Σαγαλασσός (Sagalassós).

Ağlasun (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


لیمه‌سون

لیمهسون (canonical)
Leymesun (romanization)

Turkish: Leymosun

Ultimately from Greek Λεμεσός (Lemesós).


بوردور

Turkish: Burdur

desc

→ Armenian: Բուրդուր (Burdur), Պուրտուր (Purtur)

Probably from Latin Praetōrium, from praetōrium (“headquarters, governor's palace”); alternatively, from a dialectal variant of the phrase "Burada dur." ('Stay here.').

Burdur (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


سیروز

Turkish: Serez

→ Armenian: Սէրէզ (Sērēz)

Borrowed from Greek Σέρρες (Sérres), from Ancient Greek Σίρις (Síris) or Σίρρα (Sírrha).


باندرمه

head

باندرمه • (Bandırma)

ota-proper noun

باندرمه • (Bandırma)

Turkish: Bandırma

→ Armenian: Պանտըրմա (Pantərma)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”), because of the good natural harbor.

Bandırma (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


بارطین

head

بارطین • (bartın)

Turkish: Bartın
→ English: Bartın

From Ancient Greek Παρθένιος (Parthénios).

Bartın (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


پیرنه

Turkish: Pirene


پیرنه‌لر

پیرنهلر (canonical)
Pireneler (romanization)

Turkish: Pireneler

From French Pyrénée (“Pyrenee”) + ـلر (-ler, plural suffix).


آشاغی پیرنه

head

آشاغی پیرنه • (Aşağı Pirene)

ota-proper noun

آشاغی پیرنه • (Aşağı Pirene)

Partial calque of French Basses-Pyrénées.

partial calque

Basses-Pyrénées (a department of France)


یوقاری پیرنه

head

یوقاری پیرنه • (Yukarı Pirene)

ota-proper noun

یوقاری پیرنه • (Yukarı Pirene)

Partial calque of French Hautes-Pyrénées.

partial calque

Hautes-Pyrénées (a department of France)


شرقی پیرنه

head

شرقی پیرنه • (Şarkî Pirene)

ota-proper noun

شرقی پیرنه • (Şarkî Pirene)

Partial calque of French Pyrénées-Orientales.

partial calque

Pyrénées-Orientales (a department of France)


چناق قلعه

head

چناق قلعه • (Çanak Kalʼe)

ota-proper noun

چناق قلعه • (Çanak Kalʼe)

Turkish: Çanakkale
→ English: Çanakkale

From چناق (çanak, “earthenware pot, bowl”) + قلعه (kalʼe, “fortress”), so named from the great manufacture of coarse earthenware carried on in and around the town.

Çanakkale (a city and province in the West Marmara region, Turkey)


وانده

Turkish: Vande


اومورفو

head

اومورفو • (Omorfo)

Turkish: Omorfo


اروند

Elvend (a mountain in Iran, near Hamadan)


آماصره

Turkish: Amasra

→ Armenian: Ամասրա (Amasra)

Amasra (a town and district in Bartın province, Turkey)


مغله

مغله • (Muğla)

Turkish: Muğla

→ Armenian: Մուղլա (Muġla)

Muğla (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


درامه

درامه • (Dırama)

Turkish: Dırama

→ Armenian: Տրամա (Trama)

Borrowed from Greek Δράμα (Dráma), from Ancient Greek Ὑδράμα (Hudráma).

Drama (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


چناقجی

چناقجی • (Çanakcı)

ota-proper noun

چناقجی • (Çanakcı)

Turkish: Çanakçı

From چناق (çanak, “earthenware pot, bowl”) + ـجی (-cı, -ci, occupational suffix).

suffix

Çanakçı (a town and district in Giresun province, Turkey)


صبانجه

Turkish: Sapanca

→ Armenian: Սապանճա (Sapanča)

Sapanca (a town and district in Sakarya province, Turkey)


قلبرون

Turkish: Kılburun

Kinburn (peninsula and spit in southern Ukraine)


یدیصان

Turkish: Yedisan


له قرالی

head

له قرالی • (leh kralı)

ota-proper noun

له قرالی • (leh kralı)


قیصری

Turkish: Kayseri

From Byzantine Greek Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia), from Latin Caesarea, from Caesar + -ēa in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus. Doublet of قیساریه.

Kayseri (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


ارطوغان

head

اَرطوغان • (Erdoğan)

ota-noun

اَرطوغان • (Erdoğan)

اَرطوغان (canonical)
Erdoğan (romanization)

Turkish: Erdoğan

ارطوغان


هوشنك

head

هوشَنْك • (Hûşenk)

ota-proper noun

هوشَنْك • (Hûşenk)

هوشَنْك (canonical)
Hûşenk (romanization)

Turkish: Huşenk


اورنك زیب

head

اَوْرَنْك زِیب

اَوْرَنْك زِیب • (Evrenk Zib)

ota-proper noun

اَوْرَنْك زِیب

اَوْرَنْك زِیب • (Evrenk Zib)

اَوْرَنْك زِیب (canonical)
Evrenk Zib (romanization)

Turkish: Evrenkzib

Borrowed from Classical Persian اورنگزیب (awrang-zib, literally “Ornament of the Throne”).


اوسكوب

head

اوسكوب • (üsküb)

Turkish: Üsküp

→ Armenian: Իւսկիւպ (Iwskiwp)

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


فریال

فَرْیال • (Feryâl)

ota-proper noun

فَرْیال • (Feryâl)

فَرْیال (canonical)
Feryâl (romanization)

Turkish: Feryal

a female given name from Persian, meaning “the one with a beautiful neck, good neck”


بولوادین

Turkish: Bolvadin

From Ancient Greek Πολύβοτον (Polúboton).

Bolvadin (a town and district in Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey)


قبه صخره

Turkish: Kubbe-i Sahre

Borrowed from Persian قبه صخره (qobbe-ye saxre), a calque of Arabic قُبَّة الصَّخْرَة (qubbat aṣ-ṣaḵra).

der

قُبَّة الصَّخْرَة

قبهٔ صخرهٔ مباركه

(Can we date this quote?), Nâbî, Tuhfetü'l-Harameyn, page 41:

قبهٔ صخرهنك طاشی

(Can we date this quote?), Hıfzî, Târîh ve fezâil-i Kuds-i şerîf, page 74:


بزانس

Turkish: Bizans


كاظم

head

كاظم • (Kâzım)

Turkish: Kâzım


كتایون

كتایون • (Ketâyûn)

ota-proper noun

كتایون • (Ketâyûn)

Turkish: Ketayun

(Iranian mythology) Katayun (wife of Goshtasp)


كشتاسب

head

كشتاسب • (Güştâsb)

ota-proper noun

كشتاسب • (Güştâsb)


كیره‌سون

گیرهسون (canonical)
Giresun (romanization)

Turkish: Giresun

→ English: Giresun

desc

→ Armenian: Կիրէսուն (Kirēsun), Քիրէսուն (Kʻirēsun)

Giresun (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


قسطمونی

Turkish: Kastamonu

From Greek Κασταμονή (Kastamoní), contracted form of Κάστρα Κωμνηνών (Kástra Komninón, “castle of the Comneni”).

Kastamonu (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


لؤی

head

لؤی • (Lüʾeyy)

ota-proper noun

لؤی • (Lüʾeyy)

Turkish: Lüey


ناصره

head

ناصره • (Nâsıra)

ota-proper noun

ناصره • (Nâsıra)

Turkish: Nasıra

Borrowed from Arabic النَّاصِرَة (an-nāṣira).


ادهم

→ Albanian: Ethem, Edhem

Turkish: Ethem


كیرنه

Turkish: Girne

→ Armenian: Կիրնէ (Kirnē)


شابخانه

head

شابخانه • (şabhane)

ota-proper noun

شابخانه • (şabhane)

Turkish: Şaphane

A compound of شاب (şab, “alum”) + خانه (hâne, “place”).

com

Şaphane (a town and district in Kütahya province, Turkey)


تسالیا

Thessaly (a region of the Ottoman Empire until 1881)


برغمه

Turkish: Bergama

→ Armenian: Պէրկամա (Pērkama)

Bergama (a town and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


ملاطیه

Turkish: Malatya

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μελιτηνή (Melitēnḗ).

Malatya (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


كلنار

head

گلنار • (Gülnar)

ota-proper noun

گلنار • (Gülnar)

Turkish: Gülnar

desc

→ Armenian: Կիւլնար (Kiwlnar), ⇒ Կյուլնարյան (Kyulnaryan)

Borrowed from Persian گلنار (gol-nâr), a compound of گل (gol, “rose”) + نار (nâr, “pomegranate”). By surface analysis, گل (gül) + نار (nar).

surf

Gülnar (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


كاغدخانه

head

كاغدخانه • (kâğıdhane)

ota-proper noun

كاغدخانه • (kâğıdhane)

Turkish: Kâğıthane

A compound of كاغد (kâğıd, “paper”) + خانه (hâne, “place”).

com

Kâğıthane (a neighbourhood and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


وائل

head

وائل • (Vâʾil)

ota-proper noun

وائل • (Vâʾil)

Turkish: Vail


اغریبوز

head

اغریبوز • (Eğriboz)

Turkish: Eğriboz

desc

→ Armenian: Էյրիպօզ (Ēyripōz), Էղրիպօզ (Ēġripōz)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Εὔρῑπος (Eúrīpos), the name of the strait that separates Euboea and Boeotia.

Euboea (an island off the eastern coast of Boeotia, Greece).


بالیه

Turkish: Balya

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πᾰλαιᾱ́ (pălaiā́), the feminine inflection of πᾰλαιός (pălaiós, “old, ancient”).

Balya (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


باطمان

Turkish: Batman

Replaced historical ایلوح (iluh) (from Northern Kurdish Êlih, a variation of eylo (“eagle”) according to Nişanyan), from the name of the local Batman River, which is a preserved and earlier version of Northern Kurdish Mala Badî (“House of Badh”) (compare the Malabadi Bridge, which is over this river). Ultimately from the name of the Marwanid House of Badh ibn Dustak. Equivalent to baz + mal.

cog

(historical)

Batman (a city, district, and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)

Badh ibn Dustak
Batman River
Malabadi Bridge
Marwanid


هندستان

Turkish: Hindistan


كوملجنه

head

گوملجنه • (Gümülcine)

گوملجنه (canonical)
Gümülcine (romanization)

Turkish: Gümülcine

→ Armenian: Կիւմիւլճինէ (Kiwmiwlčinē)

From Greek Κουμουτζηνά (Koumoutziná), older form of Κομοτηνή (Komotiní).

Komotini (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeast Greece)


كلیبولی

گلیبولی (canonical)
Gelibolu (romanization)

Turkish: Gelibolu
→ English: Gelibolu

→ Armenian: Կէլիպօլու (Kēlipōlu)

From Byzantine Greek Καλλίπολις (Kallípolis, “City of Beauty”).

der

Gallipoli (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


كوتاهیه

head

كوتاهیه • (Kütahya)

Turkish: Kütahya

→ Armenian: Քյութահյա (Kʻyutʻahya)

Kütahya (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


اسكچه

اسكچه • (İskeçe)

Turkish: İskeçe

desc

→ Armenian: Իսքէչէ (Iskʻēčʻē), ⇒ Իսքեճյան (Iskʻečyan)

Xanthi (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeast Greece)


تكبیر

Turkish: tekbir

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тѐкбӣр

Latin script: tèkbīr


آرسین

Turkish: Arsin

Arsin (a town and district in Trabzon province, Turkey)


ماردین

Turkish: Mardin

Ultimately from Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܝܢ (mardīn, merdīn).

Mardin (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


اوخری

head

اوخری • (Ohri)

Turkish: Ohri

Ultimately from Macedonian Охрид (Ohrid).

Ohrid (a city in southwestern North Macedonia)


اوقرانیا

اوقرانیا • (Ukrania)

Ukraine (a historical region in Eastern Europe, surrounding the modern country of Ukraine)


اور طشره‌سی

اور طشرهسی • (Or Taşrası)

اور طشرهسی (canonical)
Or Taşrası (romanization)

Calque of Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina), analyzed as اور (or, “fence, wall”) + طشره (taşra, “outer, exterior”).


اینه‌بولی

head

اینهبولی • (inebolu)

ota-proper noun

اینهبولی • (inebolu)

اینهبولی (canonical)
inebolu (romanization)

Turkish: İnebolu

→ Armenian: Ինէպօլու (Inēpōlu)

From Ancient Greek Ἰωνόπολῐς (Iōnópolĭs).

İnebolu (a town and district in Kastamonu province, Turkey)


چچن

head

چچن • (çeçen)

ota-proper noun

چچن • (çeçen)

Turkish: Çeçen

Borrowed from Russian чеченец (čečenec).


چركز

head

چركز • (çerkez) (definite accusative چركزی (çerkezi), plural چركزلر (çerkezler))

çerkez (romanization)
چركزی (accusative definite)
چركزلر (plural)

Turkish: Çerkez

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nl

Alternative spelling of چركس (çerkes, “Circassian”).


ایپصاله

head

ایپصاله • (İpsala)

ota-proper noun

ایپصاله • (İpsala)

Turkish: İpsala

desc

→ Armenian: Իփսալա (Ipʻsala), Իբսալա (Ibsala)

From Greek Ύψαλα (Ýpsala), from Ancient Greek Κύψελα (Kúpsela).

İpsala (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


زونغولداق

Turkish: Zonguldak

From Ancient Greek Σανδαράκη (Sandarákē), from σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (săndărắkē, “realgar”), because of the realgar mines that were present in this province.

West Black Sea region
West Black Sea region#English

Zonguldak (a city, district, and province in West Black Sea region, Turkey)


اشقودره

head

اشقودره • (İşkodra)

Turkish: İşkodra

Shkodër (a city in northwestern Albania)


ادرمید

Turkish: Edremit

→ Armenian: Էտրէմիտ (Ētrēmit)

From Ancient Greek Ἀδραμύττιον (Adramúttion).

Edremit (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


ادرمید

Turkish: Edremit

Edremit (a town and district in Van province, Turkey)


فاضل

فاضل • (Fâzıl)

ota-proper noun

فاضل • (Fâzıl)

Turkish: Fazıl


تكیر طاغ

head

تكیر طاغ • (tekir dağ)

ota-proper noun

تكیر طاغ • (tekir dağ)

Turkish: Tekirdağ

desc

→ Armenian: Թեքիրդաղ (Tʻekʻirdaġ), Թէքիրտաղ (Tʻēkʻirtaġ)

Morphologically from تكیر (tekir, “brindled, tabby”) + طاغ (dağ, “mountain”), but this is just a corrupted form of the earlier name تكفور طاغی (Tekfur Dağı), from تكفور (tekfur, “a Christian bey in Thrace”) + طاغ (dağ, “mountain”). Before the 18ᵗʰ century this city was known as ردوسجق (rodoscuk).

(historical)

Tekirdağ (a city, district, and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


كجرات

head

گجرات • (Gücerât)

ota-proper noun

گجرات • (Gücerât)

گجرات (canonical)
Gücerât (romanization)

Turkish: Gücerat

→ French: Gudjérat

→ Italian: Gugerat

→ Russian: Гуджера́т (Gudžerát)


نوبه

Borrowed from Arabic النُّوبَة (an-nūba).


كسریه

Turkish: Kesriye

Kastoria (a city in the West Macedonia region, Greece).


سلفكه

Turkish: Silifke

English: Silifke

→ Armenian: Սիլիֆքէ (Silifkʻē)

From Byzantine Greek Σελεύκεια (Seleúkeia), q.v., after the shift of υ (u) to a pronunciation as /f/.

Silifke (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


فلاندره

Turkish: Flandre


فلمنك

Turkish: Felemenk

desc

→ Armenian: Ֆէլէմէնկ (Fēlēmēnk), ֆէլէմէնկ (fēlēmēnk)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)

فلمنكلی

of or relating to the Netherlands; a Dutchperson


آولونیه

Turkish: Avlonya

→ Armenian: Ավլոնիա (Avlonia)

From Greek Αυλώνας (Avlónas), itself from Ancient Greek Αὐλών (Aulṓn).


آرتوین

Turkish: Artvin

Artvin (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


استانكوی

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استانكوی • (istanköy)

Turkish: İstanköy

→ Armenian: Իսթանքէօյ (Istʻankʻēōy)

From a reinterpretation of the Greek expression εις την Κω, which means to Kos. The proper noun was probably influenced by other placenames such as استانبول (istanbul) and by the noun كوی (köy, “village; settlement”).

Kos (a town and island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


ترمه

Turkish: Terme

Terme (a town and district in Samsun province, Turkey)


دوزجه

دوزجه • (düzce)

Turkish: Düzce

→ Armenian: Տիւզճէ (Tiwzčē)

Düzce (a city, district, and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


ویدین

Turkish: Vidin


یأجوج و مأجوج

یأجوج و مأجوج • (yeʼcuc ve meʼcuc)

→⇒ Albanian: xhuxhmaxhuxh

Borrowed from Arabic يَأْجُوج وَمَأْجُوج (yaʔjūj wa-maʔjūj, “Gog and Magog”).

bor+

يَأْجُوج وَمَأْجُوج

mythological peoples of the extreme North, possibly the Eskimo


فنیكه

Turkish: Finike

→ Armenian: Ֆինիքէ (Finikʻē)

Finike (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)


توقاد

Turkish: Tokat

→ Armenian: Թոխաթ (Tʻoxatʻ)

From Ancient Greek Δόκεια (Dókeia) or Εὐδόκεια (Eudókeia).

Tokat (a city and province in the West Black Sea region, Turkey)


غلوس

Turkish: Golos


قرامان

Turkish: Karaman

→⇒ Armenian: Քարամանյան (Kʻaramanyan)

The city owes its name to Karaman Bey, one of the rulers of the Karamanid dynasty, which ruled over South-Central Anatolia. The former name of the city was لارنده (larende)

(obsolete)

Karaman (a city, district, and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


آراقلی

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آراقلی • (Araklı)

ota-proper noun

آراقلی • (Araklı)

Turkish: Araklı

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια (Hērákleia). Doublet of ارگلی (Ereğli).

Araklı (a town and district in Trabzon province, Turkey)


لفقوشه

head

لفقوشه • (Lefkoşa)

Turkish: Lefkoşa

→ Armenian: Լէֆքօշա (Lēfkʻōša)

From Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), q.v.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


دادجه

Turkish: Datça

From earlier دادیه (Dadya), itself from Ancient Greek Στάδια (Stádia).

Datça (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


صومه

Turkish: Soma

Soma (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


حطای

Turkish: Hatay

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia). Doublet of انطاكیه (Antâkiye).

Hatay (a province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


آندیره

آندیره • (andıra)

Turkish: Andire

Andros (an island in the Cyclades, Greece).


نصیبین

Turkish: Nusaybin

Borrowed from Arabic نُصَيْبِين (nuṣaybīn), itself from Classical Syriac ܢܨܝܒܝܢ (nəṣīḇīn).

bor+

Nusaybin (a town and district in Mardin province, Turkey)


دراچ

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دراچ • (Duraç)

Turkish: Dıraç

From Albanian Durrës, from Latin Dyrrhachium, itself from Ancient Greek Δυρράχιον (Durrhákhion).


پندیك

Turkish: Pendik

desc

→ Armenian: Փէնտիկ (Pʻēntik), Փէնտիք (Pʻēntikʻ)

From Byzantine Greek Παντίκιον (Pantíkion), probably a corrupted form of Ancient Greek Πεντατείχιον (Pentateíkhion), a compound of πέντε (pénte, “five”) + τειχίον (teikhíon, “wall”).

der

Πεντατείχιον

Pendik (a town and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


یالوه

Turkish: Yalova

→ Armenian: Եալօվա (Ealōva)

This city was previously known as یالاق آباد (yalak âbâd), from یالاق (yalak, “trough”) + آباد (âbâd, “prosperous”). The current name appeared only in the 18ᵗʰ century and is assumed to be a contraction of یالی (yalı, “shore, strand, beach”) and اوا (ova, “plain, lowland”).

(obsolete)

Yalova (a city, district, and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


قواله

Turkish: Kavala

→ Armenian: Գավալա (Gavala)

Kavala (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


اركلی

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ارگلی • (Ereğli)

ota-proper noun

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

Turkish: Ereğli

→ Armenian: Էրէյլի (Ērēyli)

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια (Hērákleia), which replaced the older name of the site, that was Κῠ́βῐστρᾰ (Kŭ́bĭstră). Doublet of آراقلی (Araklı).
This town was previously known also as قرامان ارگلیسی (Karaman Ereğlisi) or قونیه ارگلیسی (Konya Ereğlisi) to distinguish it from other places with the same name.

Ereğli (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


اركلی

head

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

ota-proper noun

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

Turkish: Ereğli

→ Armenian: Էրէյլի (Ērēyli)

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια Ποντική (Hērákleia Pontikḗ), a city state founded by colonists from Megara, in Greece. The town was previously known also as بندرگلی (Bendereğli), from Byzantine Greek Ποντοηράκλεια (Pontoērákleia), a variant of the original Greek name.

der

Ἡράκλεια Ποντική

Ποντοηράκλεια

(obsolete)

Ereğli (a town and district in Zonguldak province, Turkey)


قرقلر ایلی

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قرقلر ایلی • (kırklar eli)

ota-proper noun

قرقلر ایلی • (kırklar eli)

Turkish: Kırklareli

Morphologically from قرقلر (kırklar, “forties”) + ایل (il, el, “country; tribe, nation”), but this is just a corrupted form of the earlier name قرق كلیسا (kırk kilise, literally “40 Churches”), probably in honor of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, which were quite popular among the Christian population in Anatolia.

(obsolete)

Kırklareli (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


بورغاز

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بورغاز • (Burğaz)

Turkish: Burgaz

→ Armenian: Պուրկազ (Purkaz)

From Ancient Greek Πύργος (Púrgos), from πῠ́ργος (pŭ́rgos, “watchtower”).


تیره‌بولی

تیرهبولی (canonical)
Tirebolu (romanization)

Turkish: Tirebolu

English: Tirebolu

→ Armenian: Թիրէպօլու (Tʻirēpōlu)

From Byzantine Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis), from Ancient Greek τρῐ- (trĭ-, “tri-: three”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”). Doublet of طرابلس.

der

Tirebolu (a town and district in Giresun province, Turkey)


مدللی

Turkish: Midilli

→ Armenian: Միտիլլի (Mitilli)

From Ancient Greek Μῠτῐλήνη (Mŭtĭlḗnē), which referred both to the island of Lesbos and its main city Mytilene. The relation between the name of the island and the breed of small horses is unclear.

Lesbos (an island in the North Aegean region, Greece).

Mytilene (a city in the island of Lesbos, Greece).


اوسكدار

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اوسكدار • (üsküdar)

ota-proper noun

اوسكدار • (üsküdar)

Turkish: Üsküdar

→ Armenian: Ուսկյուդար (Uskyudar)

→ Kyrgyz: Үскүдар (Üsküdar)

From Byzantine Greek Σκουτάριον (Skoutárion), perhaps from Latin scūtārium, accusative of scūtārius (“guard armed with a shield”); however, Nishanyan does not rule out a derivation from Persian [script needed] (üsküdâr, “messenger station”). This city was originally called Χρῡσόπολῐς (Khrūsópolĭs) by the Ancient Greeks, a compound of χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

der

Üsküdar (a city and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


كلیس

Turkish: Kilis

Kilis (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia region, Turkey)


مسینه

Borrowed from Italian Messina (“a city in Sicily”).


چركسستان

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چَركَسِستان • (Çerkesistan)

ota-proper noun

چَركَسِستان • (Çerkesistan)

چَركَسِستان (canonical)
Çerkesistan (romanization)

Turkish: Çerkezistan

→ Armenian: Չէրքէզիստան (Čʻērkʻēzistan)


شاطی

head

شاطی • (Şâtî)

ota-proper noun

شاطی • (Şâtî)


سرای بوسنه

Turkish: Saraybosna

From سرای (saray, “house, mansion, palace”) + بوسنه (bosna, “Bosnia”).

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


ویزه

Turkish: Vize

From Ancient Greek Βιζύη (Bizúē), the ancient capital of the Asti tribe. The name propably shares the same Thracian root of other placenames like Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon) and Βῑσᾰ́νθη (Bīsắnthē).

Vize (a town and district in Kırklareli province, Turkey)


عثمانیه

Turkish: Osmaniye

From عثمان (ʿosman, “Osman”) + ـیه (-iye). During the Ottoman period the city was known as جبل بركت (cebel-i bereket).

Osmaniye (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


حران

Turkish: Harran

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَّان (ḥarrān). This town was known as Carrhae in antiquity.

Harran (a town and district in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey)


دده آغاچ

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دده آغاچ • (dede ağaç)

ota-proper noun

دده آغاچ • (dede ağaç)

Turkish: Dedeağaç

→ Armenian: Տէտէաղաճ (Tētēaġač)

→ Bulgarian: Дедеагач (Dedeagač)

→ Greek: Δεδεαγάτς (Dedeagáts)

From دده (dede, “grandfather; old man”) + آغاچ (ağaç), variant of آغاج (ağac, “tree”). The name supposedly comes from an old, wise man who was buried under the shade of a tree.

Alexandroupoli (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


آرسوز

Turkish: Arsuz

→ Armenian: Արսուզ (Arsuz)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥῶσος (Rhôsos).

Arsuz (a town and district in Hatay province, Turkey)


آردهان

Turkish: Ardahan

Ardahan (a city and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


افلاق

Turkish: Eflak

From Old Church Slavonic влахъ m (vlaxŭ, “a Roman; a Vlach”), from Proto-Slavic *vòlxъ m (“a Roman”) ultimately from Proto-Germanic *walhaz m (“a non-Germanic foreigner, aCelt; later a Roman”).

der

Wallachia, a former principality in Eastern Europe, now part of South Romania.


كبزه

Turkish: Gebze

From earlier ككبوزه (geğbüze, gekbüze), vulgarized form of Byzantine Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), perhaps a corruption of the original Ancient Greek name Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ (Lĭ́bŭssă). This city was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of Hannibal, which was rebuilt by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Gebze (a city and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


بیله‌جك

بیلهجك (canonical)
bilecik (romanization)

Turkish: Bilecik

→ Armenian: Պիլէճիք (Pilēčikʻ)

An evolution of the original Byzantine Greek name Βηλοκώμη (Bēlokṓmē), probably a compound of Bulgarian бял (bjal, “white”) + -о- + Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”). It should be assumed that this was one of the Serbian settlements in this region, since the original Greek name would have produced a form like Vilegüme or Veligöme in Turkish.

Bilecik (a city and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


قاشوط

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قاشوط • (kaşot)

Turkish: Kaşot

Kassos (an island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


مدیاد

Turkish: Midyat

Borrowed from Northern Kurdish Midyad, itself from Classical Syriac ܡܕܝܕ (mëḏyaḏ).

Midyat (a town and district in Mardin province, Turkey)


آفیون قره حصار

Turkish: Afyonkarahisar

Morphologically from آفیون (afyon, “opium”) + قره (kara, “black”) + حصار (hisar, “fortress, stronghold”). In the medieval times the city was named قره حصار (kara hisar) after the ancient fortress situated upon a volcanic rock above the settlement and subsequently renamed قره حصار صاحب (kara hisar-ı sahib) after the city was conquered by the Persian vizier Sâhib Ata. The origin of the name آفیون (afyon) is unclear: it could derive from the Ancient Greek name for the settlement, Ἀκροϊνόν (Akroïnón), through deformation.

(obsolete)

Afyonkarahisar (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


سمندره

Turkish: Semendire


صاصون

Turkish: Sason

Borrowed from Armenian Սասուն (Sasun). The town was formerly known as قابلجواز (kabilcevaz).

(obsolete)

Sason (a town and district in Batman province, Turkey)


حكاری

Turkish: Hakkâri

The toponym probably derives from the name of a tribe that settled in this place in the 13th century. The city was previously known as چولهمرك (çölemerik).

(obsolete)

Hakkâri (a city and province in Central East Anatolia, Turkey)


لیوادیه

لیوادیه • (livâdiye)

Turkish: Livadya

Borrowed from Greek Λιβαδειά (Livadeiá).


آندرین

آندرین • (andırın)

ota-proper noun

آندرین • (andırın)

Turkish: Andırın

→ Armenian: Անտըրըն (Antərən)

It is recorded in Byzantine Greek as Ανδρείον (Andreíon), because this was the site of the tomb of Andrew Stratelates, who was martyred in this region.

Andırın (a town and district in Kahramanmaraş province, Turkey)


نوشهر

Turkish: Nevşehir

Compound of نو (nev, “new”) + شهر (şehir, “city”), a calque of Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), the ancient name of the city. After the conquest of the Ottomans, the place was renamed مشغره (muşgara), perhaps from Greek μοσχάρι (moschári, “calf”).

calque

(obsolete)

Nevşehir (a city, district, and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


ازوورنیك

Turkish: İzvornik

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Zvornik/Зворник.

Zvornik (a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina).


خیره‌بولی

خیرهبولی (canonical)
hayrabolu (romanization)

Turkish: Hayrabolu

→ Armenian: Հայրապօլու (Hayrapōlu)

Hayrabolu (a town and district in Tekirdağ province, Turkey)


قوجه ایلی

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قوجه ایلی • (koca eli)

ota-proper noun

قوجه ایلی • (koca eli)

Turkish: Kocaeli

Morphologically from قوجه (koca, “big, large; elder, chief, husband”) + ایل (el, “nation, territory”), but the first part takes its name from Akça Koca, the Ottoman leader who conquered this territory from the Byzantine empire in the 14th century.

Kocaeli (a province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


سمادیرك

Turkish: Semadirek

From Byzantine Greek Σαμοθρᾴκη (Samothrā́ikē), from Ancient Greek Σᾰ́μος (Sắmos, “Samos”) + Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē, “Thrace”), from the island's early Greek colonizers and the general ancient territory in which it lay.

der

Samothrace (an island in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


كشان

head

كشان • (keşan)

ota-proper noun

كشان • (keşan)

Turkish: Keşan

Unclear. The town's name is probably related to Ancient Greek κισσός (kissós, “ivy”), a placename found also in Macedonia, perhaps through Greek Κεσσάνη (Kessáni).

unk

Unclear

Keşan (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


قلمبك

Ultimately reportedly from the name of an island in the Indian Ocean. Compare French calambac, calambouc, Spanish calambac, Portuguese calambá, calambaque, Italian calambà, calambucco, Venetan canabuco, all ultimately from Malay kalambaq. For sense 2 compare Albanian kallamboq, Greek καλαμπόκι (kalampóki), Romanian călămbuc, Aromanian cãlãmbuchi.


كموشخانه

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كموشخانه • (gümüşhane)

Turkish: Gümüşhane

→ Armenian: Կիւմիւշխանէ (Kiwmiwšxanē)

desc

Κιουμουσχανά

→ Greek: Κιουμουσχανά (Kioumouschaná)

A compound of كموش (gümüş, “silver”) + خانه (hâne, “place; house”).

com

Gümüşhane (a city and province in East Black Sea region, Turkey)


لاپسكی

Turkish: Lapseki

→ Armenian: Լափսէքի (Lapʻsēkʻi)

From Ancient Greek Λάμψακος (Lámpsakos).

Lapseki (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


قره صو

a small river in northwest Anatolia, a tributary of the Sakarya River

an alternatative name of the Berdan River


اسكی شهر

Turkish: Eskişehir

desc

English: Eskisehir, Eskişehir, Eskishehir

From اسكی (eski, “old”) + شهر (şehir, “city”), a name which is documented since the late 15th century. During the Seljuk period, the city was known as سلطان اوڭی (sultan öñü), while during the Greek period this place was known as Δορῠ́λαιον (Dorŭ́laion), whose ruins can be found near the city.

(obsolete)

Eskişehir (a city and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


كیف

Turkish: Kiyiv


مسیستره

Turkish: Mezistre

From Greek Μυζηθρᾶς (Muzēthrâs), variant of Μυστράς (Mystrás).


آفشین

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آفشین • (afşin)

ota-proper noun

آفشین • (afşin)

Turkish: Afşin

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀραβισσός (Arabissós), through some intermediate forms like یارپوز (yarpuz) and افسوس (efsus).

Afşin (a town and district in Kahramanmaraş province, Turkey)


حلواخانه

A compound of حلوا (helva, “halva, a traditional Middle Eastern confection”) + خانه (hâne, “place”).

com

Ottoman royal confectionery, a section of the Ottoman royal kitchen where halva and various confectionery were made


میلان

From Persian میلان (Milân), ultimately from Italian Milano, from Latin Mediolanum, q.v.

Milan (a city in northern Italy; capital of Lombardy)


میلان شهری

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میلان شهری • (Milan Şehri)

ota-proper noun

میلان شهری • (Milan Şehri)

Distinguishing the intended sense of میلان.

Synonym of میلان, Milan (a city in Italy)


جنویز

Synonym of جنوه, Genoa (a port city in northwestern Italy)


لیون شهری

Distinguishing the intended sense of لیون.

Synonym of لیون, Lyon (a city in France)


عنه

Turkish: Ane


آتینا

Turkish: Atina

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai), the plural form of Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē, “Athena”), the goddess.


آزاق

Turkish: Azak


بصره

Turkish: Basra

Basra (a port city in Iraq; former capital of Basra)

(historical) Basra (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)


بلغراد

Turkish: Belgrad, Belgrat

From Old Church Slavonic Бѣлградъ (Bělgradŭ), from бѣлъ (bělŭ, “white”) + градъ (gradŭ, “fortress, city”), from Proto-Slavic *bělъ and *gordъ. Doublet of برات.


بنغازی

head

بنغازی • (Bingâzi)

ota-proper noun

بنغازی • (Bingâzi)

Turkish: Bingazi

Apparently from earlier Arabic مرسى بني غازي (“port of ibn Ghazi”) first attested on a 1579 map by Ali al-Sharfi. Possibly a reference to a Muslim holy man Sidi ibn Ghazi. "Ibn Ghazi" itself can literally be translated as "son of the ghazi (warrior)".

der

مرسى بني غازي


بوده پشته

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بوده پشته • (Buda Peşte)

ota-proper noun

بوده پشته • (Buda Peşte)

Turkish: Budapeşte

Ultimately from Hungarian Buda and Pest.


جزائر غرب

Distinguishing this place from the al-Jazira region of Ottoman Iraq.

Synonym of جزائر, Algiers (the capital of Algeria)


شام شریف

head

شام شریف • (Şam-i Şerif)

ota-proper noun

شام شریف • (Şam-i Şerif)

Distinguishing the intended sense of شام (Şam)

Synonym of شام, Damascus (the capital of Syria)


دوبره‌وندیك

دوبرهوندیك (canonical)
Dobravenedik (romanization)

From Serbo-Croatian Ду̀бро̄внӣк (Dùbrōvnīk) under influence from Ottoman Turkish وندیك (Venedik, “Venice”).


ادسه

(historical) Edessa (a city in southeastern Turkey), the modern Urfa


افس

Turkish: Efes

From Byzantine Greek Ἔφεσος (Éphesos), possibly a pre-Greek word with Hittite connections.

(historical) Ephesus (a former city in western Anatolia, Turkey)

(inexact) Synonym of سلچوق (Selçuk), nearby city in Turkey


فاماغوسته

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμμόχωστος (Ammókhōstos).

Synonym of ماغوسه, Famagusta (a city in Cyprus)


فئودوسیه

Turkish: Feodosiya, Feodosya

From Byzantine Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía, “Place Given by God/the Gods”).

der

Synonym of كفه, Feodosia (a city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but de facto part of Russia)


فیلادلفیا

Turkish: Filedelfiya

From English Philadelphia and Byzantine Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia), from Ancient Greek φιλάδελφος (philádelphos, “brother/sibling-loving”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming placenames”), from the combining form of φῐλέειν (phĭléein, “to love”) + ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother, sibling”).

(historical) Former name of عمان (Amman), Amman (the capital of Jordan)

(historical) Former name of آلاشهر (Alaşehir), Alasehir (a city in Turkey)

Philadelphia (a city in Pennsylvania, United States)


فیومه

From Italian Fiume, from Latin Flumen, from flumen (“river”).

(historical) Fiume (a former city in Italy), now Rijeka (a city in Croatia)


كوردوس

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كوردوس • (Gördüs)

ota-proper noun

كوردوس • (Gördüs)

Turkish: Gördüs

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos). Doublet of قوریتوس.

(historical) Corinth (an ancient city in Greece)


حبرون

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


اسكندریه

Turkish: İskenderiye

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya). Doublet of اسكندرون (iskenderun).

bor+

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


اسكندرون

Turkish: İskenderun

English: Iskenderun

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرُون (al-ʔiskandarūn), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia, “Alexandria”), from Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros, “Alexander”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”) in reference to Alexander the Great of Macedonia. Doublet of اسكندریه.

الْإِسْكَنْدَرُون


اسپالتو

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اسپالتو • (İspalato)

ota-proper noun

اسپالتو • (İspalato)


ازنیق

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ازنیق • (İznik)

ota-proper noun

ازنیق • (İznik)

Turkish: İznik

English: Iznik

From Byzantine Greek Νίκαια (Níkaia), named after Nicaea, wife of Lysimachus, from Ancient Greek νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, “-ia: forming feminine names”).

Iznik (a town and district in Bursa province, Turkey)


قارتاجه

Turkish: Kartaca

Ultimately from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt, literally “New City”).

der

(historical) Carthage (a former city in Tunisia)

(historical) Carthage (a historical polity in North Africa)


قیساریه

Turkish: Kayserya

From Arabic قَيْسارِيّة (qaysāriyya) and Byzantine Greek Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia), from Latin Caesarea, from Caesar + -ēa (“-ia: forming place names”) on the pattern of Alexandrea etc. and in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus. Doublet of قیصری.


كفه

Turkish: Kefe


قوریتوس

From Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos, “Corinth”). Doublet of كوردوس.


مكه

Turkish: Mekke


مكه مكرمه

مكۀ مكرمه (canonical)
Mekke-i Mükerreme (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة (makka l-mukarrama).

bor+

مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة

Synonym of مكه: Mecca (a city in Saudi Arabia)


موره

Turkish: Mora

From Byzantine Greek Μορέας (Moréas) and Μωριάς (Mōriás), from μορέα (moréa, “mulberry”) either from its presence in the area or from a supposed resemblance of the shape of the Peloponnese to its leaves, used in sericulture.

(historical) Morea (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)


پره‌وزه

پرهوزه (canonical)
Preveze (romanization)

Turkish: Preveze

From Byzantine Greek Πρέβεζα (Prébeza), from Albanian prevëzë (“crossing”) or Italian prevesione (“provision, supply”).


نیقوپولس

(historical) Synonym of عمواس, Emmaus (a former city in the West Bank, Palestine)


عمواس

From Hebrew חמת (ḥammat, “hot spring”) directly or via Byzantine Greek and/or Arabic.

(historical) Emmaus (a former city in the West Bank, Palestine)


صیدا

Turkish: Sayda

Borrowed from Arabic صَيْدَا (ṣaydā), from Classical Syriac ܨܰܝܕ݁ܳܢ (ṣaydon), itself from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn /ṣīdūn/).


لازقیه

Turkish: Lazkiye

Borrowed from Arabic اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya), from Ancient Greek Λαοδίκεια (Laodíkeia), from Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē) + -εια (-eia), the name of numerous Hellenistic cities, generally named after one of many women by the name of Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē).

bor+

اللَّاذِقِيَّة


طبریه

Turkish: Taberiye, Tiberya

Borrowed from Arabic طَبَرِيَّة (ṭabariyya), from Ancient Greek Τῐβερῐᾰ́ς (Tĭberĭắs), from Τῐβέρῐος (Tĭbérĭos) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs), from the name of the Roman emperor Tiberius.

Tiberias (a town on the Sea of Galilee Israel)


نینوه

Turkish: Ninova

Ultimately from Akkadian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 𒀏 (Ninua) and Old Babylonian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 (Ninuwā, “House of Fish”), although the intended sense or religious application of "fish" is unclear.

(historical) Nineveh (an ancient city in Iraq)


اودسه

Ultimately from Russian Одесса (Odessa), from Ancient Greek Ὀδησσός (Odēssós) from a Greek city-state probably located closer to Koshary on the Tylihul.


آغری

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آغری • (ağrı)

Turkish: Ağrı

The name of the city was changed in 1946 and owes its name to Mount Ararat, which is called Ağrı Dağı in Turkish. The city was previously known as قرهكلیسا (karakilise) and قرهكوسه (karaköse), a corrupted form of the former.

(obsolete)

Ağrı (a city and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


اولیمپوس

اولیمپوس • (Olimpos)

ota-proper noun

اولیمپوس • (Olimpos)

Turkish: Olimpos

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos) of uncertain origin.


پالرمو

Turkish: Palermo

From Italian Palermo, from Sicilian Palermu, from Arabic بَلَرْم (Balarm), ultimately from Latin Panormus, from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”), apparently because of the good natural harbor.


پشته

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پشته • (Peşte)

ota-proper noun

پشته • (Peşte)

Turkish: Peşte

From Hungarian Pest, ultimately from Old Church Slavonic пещь (peštĭ, “furnace, oven”).

der

(historical) Pest (a former city in Hungary), now part of Budapest


راغوزه

Turkish: Ragusa

From Italian Ragusa, from Latin Ragusia, probably from Proto-Albanian *rāguša (“grape”).

(historical) Former name of دوبرهوندیك, Dubrovnik (a port city in Croatia)


سابستیه

Turkish: Sebastiye

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Σεβαστεία (Sebasteía), from Σεβαστός (Sebastós) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), from σεβᾰστός (sebăstós, “venerable, august”) used as a calque of Latin Augustus. Doublet of سیواس.

Sebastia (a city in the West Bank, Palestine; former capital of the Kingdom of Israel)


سانتورین

From Greek Σαντορίνη (Santoríni), from Medieval Latin Santa Irini (“Saint Irene”), from St Irene as the patron of the parish church at Perissa under the Latin Empire.

Santorini (an island in the Cyclades, Greece)


سلچوق

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سلچوق • (selçuk)

ota-proper noun

سلچوق • (selçuk)

Turkish: Selçuk

Ultimately from a Proto-Oghuz term attested as Old Anatolian Turkish سلجك (selcuk) in the Dede Korkut and Karakhanid سلجك (selcuk) in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, of uncertain etymology. See Seljuk.

(historical) Alternative form of سلجوق (selcuk), Seljuk (founder of the Seljuk dynasty)

سلجوق

Selcuk (a city in Izmir, Turkey) near the ruins of ancient Ephesus


آیاسلوغ

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آیاسلوغ • (Ayasuluğ)

ota-proper noun

آیاسلوغ • (Ayasuluğ)

From Byzantine Greek Ἅγιος Θεολόγος (Hágios Theológos, “the Holy Theologian”), from its 6th-century basilica dedicated to St John the Theologian, supposed author of the Book of Revelation.

der

Ἅγιος Θεολόγος

(historical) Former name of سلچوق, Selcuk (a city in Turkey)


ایاصـولق

English: Ayasoluk

Turkish: Ayasuluk

(historical) Alternative form of آیاسلوغ, former name of سلچوق, Selcuk (a city in Turkey)


سرفیچه

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سرفیچه • (Serfiçe)

ota-proper noun

سرفیچه • (Serfiçe)

Servia (a city in West Macedonia, in northern Greece)


تیبه

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تیبه • (Tîbe)

ota-proper noun

تیبه • (Tîbe)

(historical) Thebes (a former city in Egypt)


تكریت

English: Tikrit

Turkish: Tikrit


تریبولیچه

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تریبولیچه • (Tripoliçe)

ota-proper noun

تریبولیچه • (Tripoliçe)

From Byzantine Greek Τριπολιτσά (Tripolitsá), probably from Slavic Droboliza.


ویانه

Turkish: Viyana

Synonym of بچ (Beç), Vienna (the capital of Austria)


یكی شهر

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یڭی شهر • (yeñi şehr)

ota-proper noun

یڭی شهر • (yeñi şehr)

یڭی شهر (canonical)
yeñi şehr (romanization)

Turkish: Yenişehir

English: Yenisehir, Yenişehir

From یڭی (yeñi, “new”) + شهر (şehr, “town”). In reference to the Cretan town, a calque of Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”).

calque

Yenisehir (a city in Turkey, near Bursa)

Larissa (a city in Greece; capital of Thessaly)

(historical) Former name of قره جه صو, Karacasu (a city in Turkey, near Denizli)

(historical) Yenisehir (a former town in Turkey, near Beyşehir)


ناسلیچ

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ناسلیچ • (Nasliç)

ota-proper noun

ناسلیچ • (Nasliç)

Turkish: Nasliç

Neapoli (a town in West Macedonia, Greece)


بالیابادره

From Greek Παλαιά Πάτρα (Palaiá Pátra, “Old Patras”), the way Greeks used to call the city in opposition to Νέα Πάτρα (Néa Pátra, “New Patras”), which is now Ypati.

der

Παλαιά Πάτρα


تیران

Turkish: Tiran

From Albanian Tiranë, ultimately from Proto-Albanian *Tūrsanā.


یمورطالق

Turkish: Yumurtalık

English: Yumurtalik, Yumurtalık

From یومورطه (yumurta, “egg”) + ـلق (-lik, “-like”), the name of a local beach which is probably named after the loggerhead turtles that lay eggs there. During the Ottoman era the town was known as آیاس (ayas), from which Italian Laiazzo.

suffix

(historical)

Yumurtalik (a port town and district in Adana province, Turkey)


آیاس

Turkish: Ayas

(now historical) Synonym of یمورطالق (yumurtalık)


اردل

Turkish: Erdel

Borrowed from Romanian Ardeal, itself from Hungarian Erdély (“Transylvania”), from erdő (“forest”) + elü (“region beyond”).

Transylvania, a mountainous region in western Romania


بورچقه

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بورچقه • (borçka)

ota-proper noun

بورچقه • (borçka)

Turkish: Borçka

(obsolete)

Borçka (a town and district in Artvin province, Turkey)


ناپولی

Turkish: Napoli

From Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”). Doublet of نابلس and نابل.

Naples (a port city in Campania, in southwestern Italy)


دیاربكر

Turkish: Diyarbakır

From دیار (diyar), plural form of دار (dar, “house; land, country”), + بكر (bekr, bekir, “Banu Bakr, an Arabian tribe”), a name given after the Muslim conquest of the 7th century; before the conquest, the city was known as آمد (âmid) or قره آمد (kara âmid).

(historical)

Diyarbakır (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


لیزبون

Turkish: Lizbon

From French Lisbonne, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


نابل

Turkish: Nebil

From Arabic نابل (Nābil), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”). Doublet of ناپولی and نابلس.


پودغوریچه

podgoriça (romanization)
podgoriçe (romanization)

Turkish: Podgorica

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Pòdgorica / По̀дгорица (literally “under the Gorica”), from pȍd / по̏д (“under”) + Gorica / Горица (“little mountain”), the name of a hill which overlooks the city.

Podgorica (the capital and largest city of Montenegro)


فرنسه

From Venetan Firense and Italian Firenze, from Old Italian Fiorenze, from Latin Flōrentia, from flōrēns (“flowering”) + -ia (“forming place names”).