برف

Turkish: berf

snow, the frozen state of water that falls as precipitation


هوا

Turkish: hava

→ Albanian: hava

→ Greek: χαβάς (chavás)

→ Laz: ხავა (xava)

→ Macedonian: ава (ava)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ха̀ва

Latin script: hàva

Borrowed from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ, “air”).

bor+

weather, the climate or atmospheric condition of a locality


مطر

Turkish: matar

Borrowed from Arabic مَطَر (maṭar, “rain”).

rain, condensed water falling from a cloud


ثلج

Turkish: selc

Borrowed from Arabic ثَلْج (ṯalj, “snow”).


صوغوق

soğuk (romanization)
sovuk (romanization)

Turkish: soğuk

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sogïk (“cold”); cognate with Azerbaijani soyuq, Bashkir һыуыҡ (hıwıq), Chuvash сивӗ (sivĕ), Kazakh суық (suyq), Kyrgyz суук (suuk), Tatar суык (suwıq), Turkmen sowuk, Uyghur سوغۇق (soghuq) and Uzbek sovuq.


دومان

Turkish: duman

Gagauz: duman

desc

→ Armenian: տո̈ւման (tüman), դուման (duman), թուման (tʻuman)

→ Bulgarian: дума́н (dumán)

→ Greek: ντουμάνι (ntoumáni)

⇒ Greek: ντουμανιάζω (ntoumaniázo)

Kurdish:

→ Northern Kurdish: duman

→ Central Kurdish: دومان (duman)

→ Macedonian: думан (duman)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̀ма̄н

Latin script: dùmān


شمشك

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شمشك • (şimşek) (plural شمشكلر (şimşekler))

Turkish: şimşek

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish سوكوشاك (sügüşek/süŋüşek), سوكوشاك (sügşek/süŋşek), which is believed to derive from Proto-Turkic *süŋüĺek, a development from *süŋgü (“spear”); for the semantic development spear → lightning, compare Latin sagitta (“arrow”) and the Italian descendant saetta (“lightning”).

inh+

lightning, the flash of light produced by a thunderbolt


قار

Turkish: kar

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰺 (kar), Azerbaijani qar, Chuvash йор (jor), Dolgan каар, Kazakh қар (qar), Kyrgyz кар (kar), Turkmen gar, Tuvan хар (xar), Uyghur قار (qar), Uzbek qor and Yakut хаар (qaar).


صاعقه

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صاعقه • (saʿika) (plural صواعق (savaʿik))

Turkish: saika

Borrowed from Arabic صَاعِقَة (ṣāʕiqa, “thunderbolt”).

bor+

thunderbolt, lightning, a discharge of electricity within a cloud


بولوت

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بولوت • (bulut) (definite accusative بولوتی (bulutu), plural بولوتلر (bulutlar))

bulut (romanization)
بولوتی (accusative definite)
بولوتلر (plural)

Turkish: bulut

desc

→ Armenian: պուլուտ (pulut), պուլութ (pulutʻ), բուլութ (bulutʻ), Բուլութ (Bulutʻ), Բուլոթ (Bulotʻ)

→ Laz: ბულუთი (buluti)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bulït (“cloud”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰃𐱃 (b¹ul¹it¹ /bulït/), Azerbaijani bulud, Bashkir болот (bolot), Chuvash пӗлӗт (pĕlĕt), Kazakh бұлт (būlt), Kyrgyz булут (bulut), Turkmen bulut, Uyghur بۇلۇت (bulut), Uzbek bulut and Yakut былыт (bılıt).

inh+

(figuratively) cloud, anything unsubstantial, a cloudy appearance


طولومبه

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طولومبه • (tulumba) (plural طولومبهلر (tulumbalar))

tulumba (romanization)
طولومبهلر (plural)

Turkish: tulumba

→ Albanian: tullumbë

→ Arabic: طُلُمْبَة (ṭulumba)

→ Armenian: թուլումպա (tʻulumpa)

→ Azerbaijani: tulumba (archaic)

desc

→ Georgian: თულუმბა (tulumba) — Chveneburi

→ Persian: تلمبه (tolomba)

→ Romanian: tulumbă

Borrowed from Italian tromba (“trumpet”).

bor+

whirlwind, tornado, a violent windstorm characterized by the formation of a vortex of air


امبات

imbat (romanization)
inbat (romanization)
embad (romanization)

Related to Latin battuo (“beat, strike”). Compare Catalan embat, Greek μπάτης (bátis), Italian imbatto


فورطنه

furtuna (romanization)
fırtına (romanization)

Turkish: fırtına

desc

→ Armenian: ֆուռթունա (fuṙtʻuna), ֆըռթընա (fəṙtʻəna), ֆըշտընա (fəštəna)

→ Azerbaijani: fırtına

From Venetian fortuna, from Latin fortūna (“misfortune”). Possibly the word passed through Greek φουρτούνα (fourtoúna), which appears some decades earlier in the written record, but Kahane et al. consider the word to be a direct borrowing from Venetian. Compare Italian fortunale (“storm surge”).

squall, tempest, a storm with severe winds


بوراغان

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بوراغان • (burağan)

Turkish: burağan

Perhaps from بور (bur-, “to twist”) + ـغان (-ğan, -ağan, “habitual suffix”): compare اولاغان (olağan) and یتاغان (yatağan) with the same suffix. Alternatively, from a derivation of Proto-Turkic *bora- (“north wind; to snow heavily”), the same root of بورا (bora, “squall, tempest”); cognate with Bashkir буран (buran), Crimean Tatar boran, Kazakh боран (boran), Kyrgyz бороон (boroon) and Turkmen boran. Also compare Mongolian бороон (boroon, “rain”), which derives from Classical Mongolian ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠠᠨ (boroɣan).


طوك

Turkish: don


لودوس

Turkish: lodos

desc

→ Armenian: լօտօս (lōtōs) — Constantinople

→ Bulgarian: ло́дос (lódos), лодо́с (lodós), лодо́са (lodósa), лодо́з (lodóz), лодус (lodus), ладо́з (ladóz)

→ Ladino: lodós

→ Laz: ლოდოზი (lodozi), ლოდოსი (lodosi)


بورا

Turkish: bora

→ Armenian: (Constantinople) պօռա (pōṙa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bora- (“north wind; to snow heavily”), whence بوراغان (burağan, “whirlwind”). Cognate with Bashkir буран (buran), Crimean Tatar boran, Kazakh боран (boran) and Turkmen boran. Alternatively, it could be a wanderwort related to Italian bora and Greek μπόρα (bóra).


یل

Turkish: yel

→ Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Azerbaijani yel, Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

wind, real or perceived movement of atmospheric air


یاغمور

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یاغمور • (yağmur)

ota-noun

یاغمور • (yağmur)

Turkish: yağmur

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yagmur (“rain”).


یلدرم

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یلدرم • (yıldırım)

Turkish: yıldırım

→ Armenian: յըլտըրըմ (yəltərəm)

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yıldırım, ıldırım), itself from Proto-Turkic *yaltïrïm (“lightning”), from Proto-Turkic *yaltïr- (“to flash, blaze”), the same root of یلدرامق (yıldıramak, “to flash, gleam, glitter”). Cognate with Azerbaijani ildırım, Kipchak یولدوروم (yuldurum) and Turkmen ýyldyrym.


قراغو

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قراغو • (kırağu, kırağı)

kırağu (romanization)
kırağı (romanization)

Turkish: kırağı

desc

խըռաղի<lb:ննխ>

կռավա<lb:վն>

→ Armenian: (Nor Nakhichevan) խըռաղի (xəṙaġi), (Van) կռավա (kṙava)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïragu (“frost, hoarfrost”); cognate with Azerbaijani qırov, Bashkir ҡырау (qıraw), Kazakh қырау (qyrau), Kyrgyz кыроо (kıroo), Tuvan хыраа (xıraa) and Uzbek qirov.

inh+

hoar frost, frost, rime, frozen dew forming a white deposit on grass and plants


یاغمق

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یاغمق • (yağmak)

Turkish: yağmak

→ Armenian: յաղմիշ (yaġmiš)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yag- (“to rain”).

inh+

(intransitive) to rain, to have rain fall from the sky


بولوتسز

Turkish: bulutsuz

From بولوت (bulut, “cloud”) + ـسز (-sız, -suz, “-less”).


زمهریر

desctree

Turkish: zemheri
→ Laz: ზემფერი (zemperi)

desc

→ Georgian: ზემჰერი (zemheri) — Chveneburi

zemhèrije//земхѐрије

zemèrija//земѐрија

zemeríje//земери́је

→ Serbo-Croatian: zemhèrije／земхѐрије, zemèrija／земѐрија, zemeríje／земери́је

Borrowed from Arabic زَمْهَرِير (zamharīr).


روزكار

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روزگار • (rüzgâr) (plural روزگارلر)

ota-noun

روزگار • (rüzgâr) (plural روزگارلر)

روزگار (canonical)
rüzgâr (romanization)
روزگارلر (plural)

Turkish: rüzgâr