بان

Turkish: ban

Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera#Translingual

ben tree, horseradish tree (the Moringa oleifera of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben)


بان

Turkish: ban

From earlier باڭ (bañ), from Persian بنگ (bang, “henbane”).


سلطان

Turkish: sultan

Borrowings

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σουλτᾶνος (soultânos)

Greek: σουλτάνος (soultános)

→ Catalan: sultà

→ Czech: sultán

→ Danish: sultan

→ Dutch: sultan

→ Hungarian: szultán

→ Latvian: sultāns

→ Macedonian: султан (sultan)

→ Middle French: sultan (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian: sultan

→ Polish: sułtan

→ Romanian: sultan

→ Serbo-Croatian: sultan / султан

→ Slovak: sultán

→ Slovene: sultan

→ Spanish: sultán

→ Swedish: sultan
→ Finnish: sulttaani


خانم

head

خانم • (hanım)

ota-noun

خانم • (hanım)

Ladino: hanum

Turkish: hanım

→ Egyptian Arabic: هَانِم (hānim)

desc

→ North Levantine Arabic: خَانُم (xānom)

→ South Levantine Arabic: خَانُم (xānom)

→ Armenian: հանըմ (hanəm), խանում (xanum), խանըմ (xanəm)

→ Bulgarian: ханъ́ма (hanǎ́ma)

→ Macedonian: анама (anama)

→ Romanian: hanâmă

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хану̀ма

Latin script: hanùma

From خان (han, “king, ruler”) + a feminine suffix for nobility titles.


مار

Turkish: mar

Borrowed from Persian مار (mâr, “snake”).

bor+

snake, any reptile of the suborder Serpentes

shred, particle, small and scattered fragment

title of the governor of Gharchistan, in Persia


مار

Turkish: mar

Borrowed from Arabic مَارّ (mārr, “passing”).


آقا

(provincial, dialectal) Alternative spelling of آغا (ağa)


رئیس

head

رئیس • (reʼis) (definite accusative رئیسی (reʼisi), plural رؤسا (rüʼesâ))

reʼis (romanization)
رئیسی (accusative definite)
رؤسا (plural)

Turkish: reis

desc

→ Armenian: ըռէյիզ (əṙēyiz), ռէյիս (ṙēyis)

→ English: reis

→ Macedonian: реис (reis)

Borrowed from Arabic رَئِيس (raʔīs, “boss, chief, leader”), a derivation from the verb رَأَسَ (raʔasa, “to be in charge, to preside”).

bor+

(historical) reis, an Ottoman military rank akin to a naval captain


آغا

Turkish: ağa

→ Armenian: աղա (aġa), Աղասի (Aġasi)

→ Bulgarian: ага (aga)

→ Iraqi Arabic: آغا

→ Laz: აღა (ağa)

→ Romanian: agă

From Proto-Turkic *āka (“elder (brother)”). Possibly related to Proto-Mongolic *aka (“elder brother”) and Proto-Tungusic *ake (“elder brother”), whence Mongolian ах (ax) and Nanai ага (aga).

agha, an honorific title of address; Mr., sir

agha, a title of various military and civil officers


فرعون

head

فرعون • (firʼavun) (definite accusative فرعونی (firʼavunu), plural فرعونلر (firʼavunlar))

firʼavun (romanization)
فرعونی (accusative definite)
فرعونلر (plural)

Turkish: firavun

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn, “pharaoh”), probably from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).

bor+

(historical) pharaoh, the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt and the intermediary between the gods and the people


تكفور

Turkish: tekfur

Borrowed from Arabic تَكْفُور (takfūr), from Middle Armenian թագւոր (tʻagwor), from Old Armenian թագաւոր (tʻagawor, “king”), itself from Parthian *tag(a)-bar (“king”, literally “crown bearing”), borrowed during the existence of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

der

tekfur, a title given to independent or semi-independent minor Christian rulers in Asia Minor and Thrace


آمیرال

Turkish: amiral

From French amiral, etc., from Medieval Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”).


بك

Turkish: ben

→ Armenian: պէնկ (pēnk), պէնք (pēnkʻ)

→ Bulgarian: бе́нка (bénka)

→ Ladino: benk

desc

→ Laz: ბენი (beni), ბენგი (bengi) — Lome

→ Macedonian: бенка (benka)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bȇn／бе̑н

From Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).
Cognate with Bashkir миң (miñ), Kyrgyz мең (meŋ), Kazakh мең (meñ) Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meñ).


بولا

→ Bulgarian: бу́ла (búla, “a veiled Muslim woman”)

⇒ Bulgarian: бу́лка (búlka, “bride; woman that veils herself; daughter-in-law”)

⇒ Bulgarian: бу́ло (búlo, “fine veil; wedding”)

→ Bulgarian: бу́ля (búlja, “sister-in-law; address to an elderly woman”)

→ Macedonian: була (bula, “a veiled Muslim woman”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (“a married woman; a veiled woman”)

Cyrillic script: бу̏ла

Latin script: bȕla

Unknown, only Ottoman. Attested from the 15ᵗʰ century and deemed obsolete in the 19ᵗʰ.


چاوش

head

چاوش • (çavuş, çauş)

ota-noun

چاوش • (çavuş, çauş)

çavuş (romanization)
çauş (romanization)

Turkish: çavuş

desc

→ Arabic: جَاوِيش (jāwīš)

→ Arabic: جَاوِيش (jāwīš), → Arabic: شاويش

→ Armenian: չավուշ (čʻavuš)

→ Albanian: çaush

→ Aromanian: čiaúš

→ Bulgarian: чау́ш (čaúš)

→ English: chiaus

→ French: chaoux

→ Byzantine Greek: τσαούσης (tsaoúsēs), τζαούσιος (tzaoúsios), τζάσις (tzásis)

Greek: τσαούσης (tsaoúsis)

→ Venetan: Zassi, Çassi

→ Latin: ciausius

→ Macedonian: ча́уш (čáuš)

چاوش / چاووش

→ Persian: چاوش / چاووش (čâvuš)

→ Persian: چاوش / چاووش (čâvuš)

→ Romanian: ceaúș

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ча̏ӯш

Latin script: čȁūš

From Common Turkic *čabïš, from earlier *čabïĺ(č). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰲𐰉𐰾 (čabïš, “army commander”), Karakhanid [script needed] (čavïš, “the officer in battle who marshals the ranks”).


سقا

head

سقا • (sakka, saka) (plural سقایون (sakkayun, sakayun))

sakka (romanization)
saka (romanization)
سقایون (plural)

Turkish: saka

→ Armenian: սախա (saxa)

Borrowed from Arabic سَقَّاء (saqqāʔ, “water-carrier”).

bor

water carrier, someone who distributes or supplies water for a living

title of a kind of corporal of the old janissaries


افندی

Turkish: efendi

→ Japanese: エフェンディ (efendi)

→ Arabic: أفندي (ʔafandī)

→ Bengali: আফেন্দী (afendī)

→ Armenian: էֆենդի (ēfendi)

→ Aromanian: afendi, afendu

→ Bashkir: әфәнде (əfənde)

desc

→ Bulgarian: ефенди́я (efendíja), ефе́нди (eféndi)

→ Crimean Tatar: efendi

→ English: effendi

→ Finnish: efendi

→ French: efendi

→ German: Efendi, Effendi

→ Georgian: ეფენდი (ependi)

→ Hebrew: אפנדי (efendi)

→ Indonesian: efendi

→ Italian: effendi

→ Kazakh: әпенді (äpendı)

→ Kyrgyz: апенде (apende), апенди (apendi)

→ Northern Kurdish: efendî, efendiyane and efendîtî

→ Kumyk: апенди (apendi)

→ Macedonian: ефендија (efendija), ефенди (efendi)

→ Persian: آفندی (âfandi), افندی (afandi)

→ Polish: efendi

→ Portuguese: efêndi

→ Romanian: afendi, efendi

→ Russian: эфе́нди (eféndi), эффе́нди (efféndi)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ефѐндија, efèndi

Latin script: efèndija, efèndi

→ Slovak: efendi

→ Spanish: effendi

→ Swahili: afande

→ Tajik: афандӣ (afandi)

→ Tatar: әфәнде (äfände)

→ Uzbek: afandi

→ Uyghur: ئەپەندى (ependi)

→ Chinese: 阿凡提 (āfántí)

From Byzantine Greek ἀφέντης (aphéntēs) (modern Greek αφέντης (aféntis)), from Ancient Greek αὐθέντης (authéntēs).

mister, lord, sir, effendi a title applied to anyone who is not titled بك (beg)


ویوده

voyvoda (romanization)
vayvoda (romanization)

Turkish: voyvoda, vayvoda

From a South Slavic language, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *vojevoda.


بالیوس

head

بالیوٓس • (balyos)

ota-noun

بالیوٓس • (balyos)

بالیوٓس (canonical)
balyos (romanization)

desc

→ Arabic: باليوس (balyōs), باليوز (balyōz)

→ Swahili: balozi (“ambassador”)

→ Albanian: bajloz, baloz

→ Armenian: պալիոզ (palioz), պալիոս (palios), պալեոզ (paleoz), պալյոզ (palyoz), պալիօզ (paliōz), պալիօս (paliōs), պալյօզ (palyōz) — traditional orthography

→ Northern Kurdish: balyoz

→ Turkish: balyoz (learned)

From Old Anatolian Turkish, from Venetan bailo (“title of a Venetian ambassador”), from Old Occitan baile, from Latin baiulus (“porter; steward”).

der

title of the Venetian ambassador to the Sublime Porte


قایمقام

Turkish: kaymakam

→ English: kaymakam

→ French: caïmakam

→ Hungarian: kajmakám

→ Romanian: caimacam

From Arabic قَائِم (qāʔim) + مَقَام (maqām).

(military) A rank of field officer: lieutenant colonel or a junior captain.


چورباجی

head

چورباجی • (çorbacı)

desc

Turkish: çorbacı (“soup vendor, Christian member of the rural elite”)

Bulgarian: чорбаджия (čorbadžija, “wealthy peasant, kulak, boss”)

Greek: τσορμπατζής (tsormpatzís, “wealthy peasant, village mayor”)

Armenian: չորպաճի (čʻorpači, “wealthy peasant”) (Western Armenian), Չորբաջյան (Čʻorbaǰyan)

Macedonian: чорбаџија (čorbadžija, “wealthy peasant, boss”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чорбаџија (“wealthy peasant”)

Latin script: čorbadžija

چوربا (çorba, “soup”) + ـجی (-cı, “occupational suffix”)

affix

(military) official title for a colonel of the Janissaries


اوطه باشی

head

اوطه باشی • (oda başı)

Turkish: odabaşı

→ Azerbaijani: odabaşı

desc

→ Armenian: օդաբաշի (ōdabaši), ⇒ Օդաբաշյան (Ōdabašyan)

→ Greek: οτάμπασις (otámpasis), οντάμπασης (ontámpasis), ⇒ ντάμπασης (ntámpasis)

→ Georgian: ოდაბაში (odabaši)

→ Hungarian: oda basa, oda posa, oda basi

→⇒ Laz: ოდაბაშიში (odabaşişi)

→⇒ Laz: ოდაბაშიში (odabaşişi)

→ Romanian: odabaș, odobaș

→ Serbo-Croatian: òdabaša, ⇒ Òdabašić, ⇒ Òdobašić

From اوطه (oda, “room, janissary barracks”) + باش (baş, “head, chief”). Compare Kazakh отбасы (otbasy).

the officer in command of an oda (barracks) among the janissaries


نشانجی

head

نشانجی • (nişancı)

Turkish: nişancı

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਚੀ (niśāncī)

Shahmukhi script: نشانجی (niśāncī)

From نشان (nişan, “sign, mark, target”) + ـجی (-cı, -ci, occupational suffix).

suffix

former title of an officer of the Ottoman Government, whose duty is to inscribe the Sultan's imperial cypher over all imperial letters-patent.


بیكباشی

head

بیڭباشی • (biñbaşı)

بیڭباشی (canonical)
biñbaşı (romanization)

Turkish: binbaşı

desc

→ Armenian: պինպաշի (pinpaši), բինբաշի (binbaši)

→ Egyptian Arabic: بكباشي (bimbashi)

→ English: binbashi, bimbashi

→ Macedonian: бимбашија (bimbašija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: bȉmbaša, би̏мбаша

→ Swahili: bimbashi

بیڭ (biñ, “thousand”) + باش (baş, “leader”)

compound

(military) battalion commander, major (army rank)

(military, nautical) commander (navy rank)


مشیر

head

مشیر • (müşir) (plural مشیران)

Turkish: müşir

→ Armenian: մյուշիր (myušir)

From Arabic مُشِير (mušīr, “one who points out”), active participle of أَشَارَ (ʔašāra).


اونباشی

head

اونباشی • (onbaşı)

Turkish: onbaşı

desc

→ Armenian: օնպաշի (ōnpaši), օնբաշի (ōnbaši)


مارشال

head

مارشال • (mareşal)

Turkish: mareşal


میرآلای

Turkish: miralay

→ Armenian: միրալայ (miralay)

→ Romanian: miralai

From میر (mir, “leader”) + آلای (alay, “regiment”).


سرعسكر

head

سرعسكر • (serʼasker) (definite accusative سرعسكری (serʼaskeri), plural سرعسكرلر (serʼaskerler))

serʼasker (romanization)
سرعسكری (accusative definite)
سرعسكرلر (plural)

Turkish: serasker

→ Armenian: սէրասքէր (sēraskʻēr)

→ English: seraskier

→ Romanian: seraschier

Borrowed from Persian سرعسکر (sar'askar, “captain, commander”); equivalent to سر (ser, “head”) + عسكر (ʼasker, “soldier”).

سرعسكرلك

quality, rank, or functions of a commander in chief

(historical) seraskier, a title formerly given to a vizier who commanded an army


هرسك

Turkish: Hersek

→ Armenian: Հէրսէք (Hērsēkʻ)

(historical) herzog, a German hereditary title held by one who rules a territorial duchy