فاس

Turkish: Fas (“Morocco”)

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


مصر

head

مصر • (Mısır)

ota-proper noun

مصر • (Mısır)

Turkish: Mısır

→ Albanian: Misir

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: Մսըր (Msər), Մսր (Msr)
Armenian: Մսըր (Msər)

→ Romanian: Misir

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: Mìsīr

Cyrillic script: Мѝсӣр

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


اردو

Turkish: Ordu

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“army camp”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆 (ordu), Azerbaijani ordu, Bashkir урда (urda), Kazakh орда (orda), Kyrgyz ордо (ordo), Turkmen orda, Uyghur ئوردا (orda), Uzbek orda and Yakut ордуу (orduu).

inh+

(obsolete)

Ordu (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


شهر

Turkish: şehir

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: šȅher

Cyrillic script: ше̏хер

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám
Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)
Classical Persian شهرbor.
Ottoman Turkish شهر
Borrowed from Persian شهر (šahr, “city, town”).

bor+

city, a large settlement bigger than a town


فرانسه

Turkish: Fransa

→ Laz: ჶრანსა (fransa)

desc

→ Armenian: Ֆրանսա (Fransa) — Western Armenian


چای

Turkish: çay

→ Adyghe: щай (śaj)

→ Albanian: çaj

→ Armenian: չայ (čʻay)

→ Azerbaijani: çay

→ Bashkir: сәй (səy)

→ Belarusian: чай (čaj)

→ Bulgarian: чай (čaj)

→ Crimean Tatar: şay, çay

→ Greek: τσάι (tsái) (possibly via a Slavic language)

→ Hijazi Arabic: چاي (čāy)

→ Karachay-Balkar: шай (şay)

→ Karakalpak: чай

→ Kazakh: шай (şai)

→ Northern Kurdish: çay

→ Lishana Deni: גׄאייה (čāye)

→ Kyrgyz: чай (cay)

→ Macedonian: чај (čaj)

→ Russian: чай (čaj) (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чај

Latin script: čaj

→ Slovene: čaj

→ Lower Sorbian: čaj (literary)

→ Southern Altai: чай (čay)

→ Tatar: чәй (çäy)

→ Turkmen: çay

→ Uyghur: چاي (chay)

→ Uzbek: choy

→ Zazaki: çay

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual

tea plant, any bush of the species Camellia sinensis whose leaves are picked to make a beverage

tea, a common beverage made by infusing the dried leaves or buds of this plant in hot water


چای

Turkish: çay

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čāj (“river”); cognate with Azerbaijani çay.

inh+

rivulet, creek, brook, a body of running water smaller than a river


سوریه

Turkish: Suriye

(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria)

(historical) Syria (an ancient Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE)


استانبول

head

استانبول • (İstanbul)

ota-proper noun

استانبول • (İstanbul)

English: Stambul, Stamboul

Turkish: İstanbul

→ Indonesian: Stambul, stambul

From a corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”), which is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks.

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

Istanbul (a city and province in Istanbul region, Turkey)


جزیره

Turkish: cezire

Borrowed from Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”).

island, an area of land totally surrounded by water


هند

→ Turkish: Hint

From Classical Persian هند (hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š).


لهستان

Turkish: Lehistan

From له (Leh, “Pole; Poland”) + ـستان (-istan, “-land”), from Old Ruthenian лѧхъ (ljax, “Pole”), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ, “Pole”), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ (“heath-dweller”).


افغانستان

Turkish: Afganistan

From Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

bor

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


موش

Turkish: Muş

Central East Anatolia
Central East Anatolia#English

Muş (a city, district, and province in Central East Anatolia, Turkey)


بینی

Borrowed from Persian بینی (bini, “nose”).

bor+

tip, the extreme end of something, especially when pointed


بودن

Buda (a city in Hungary), now part of Budapest


تونس

Turkish: Tunus

Ultimately from Arabic تُونُس (tūnus) of uncertain origin.

(historical) Tunisia (a province of the Ottoman Empire)


فلسطین

Turkish: Filistin

Borrowed from Arabic فِلَسْطِين (filasṭīn), itself from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē).

Palestine (The region in Western Asia in the Middle East between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River)

Palestine (A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)


بغداد

head

بغداد • (Bağdad)

ota-proper noun

بغداد • (Bağdad)

Turkish: Bağdat

From Classical Persian بغداد (Bağdād), q.v.


لبنان

head

لبنان • (Lübnan)

Turkish: Lübnan

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


دامن

Turkish: damen

Borrowed from Persian دامن (dâman, “skirt”).

bor+

skirt, the part of a dress or robe that hangs below the waist


باغچه

head

باغچه • (bağçe)

ota-proper noun

باغچه • (bağçe)

Turkish: Bahçe

Borrowed from Persian باغچه (bâğče), diminutive of باغ (bâğ, “garden”).

Bahçe (a town and district in Osmaniye province, Turkey)


آسیا

Turkish: Asya

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā, “Asia”).

bor+

Asia, a continent located east of Europe


دره

head

دره • (dürre) (plural درر (dürer) or درات (dürrât))

dürre (romanization)
درر (plural)
درات (plural)

Turkish: dürre

Borrowed from Arabic دُرَّة (durra, “single pearl”).

bor+

pearl-grain, a single bead made of pearl


مدینه

head

مدینه • (Medîne)

ota-proper noun

مدینه • (Medîne)

Turkish: Medine

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).


سن

Turkish: Sen

اوچ فياقر اوزره کنار سنده

1885–1886, Abdülhak Hâmid, دیوانهلكلرم یاخود بلده, page 11:


یمن

Turkish: Yemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


صوفیه

Turkish: Sofya

→ English: Sofya

From Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófiya), from църква „Света София“ (cǎrkva "Sveta Sofija"), from Byzantine Greek Ναός Ἁγίας Σοφίας (Naós Hagías Sophías, “Church of Holy Wisdom”), the city's prominent 6th-century Byzantine Greek church, from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


نیش

Turkish: Niş

Niš (a city in Nišava district, Serbia).


تپه

Turkish: tepe

→ English: tepe

→ Albanian: tepe

desc

→ Armenian: թեփե (tʻepʻe), թափա (tʻapʻa)

→ Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)

→ Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)

⇒ Greek: τεπές m (tepés)

→ Persian: تپه (tappe)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tepe (“hill, top; top of head”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇 (t²üpü), Azerbaijani təpə, Bashkir түбә (tübə), Chuvash тӳпе (tüp̬e), Kazakh төбе (töbe), Kyrgyz дөбө (döbö), Turkmen depe, Tuvan тей (tey) and Uzbek tepa.

inh

hill, an elevated landmass smaller than a mountain

(geography) peak, the top of a hill or mountain

(in general) summit, top, apex, peak, vertex


حیفا

Turkish: Hayfa

Borrowed from Arabic حَيْفَا (ḥayfā), from Hebrew חֵיפָה (kheifá), from Classical Syriac ܟܐܦܐ, presumably in reference to Mount Carmel.


مشهد

Turkish: Meşhed


هرات

head

هَرات • (Herât)

ota-proper noun

هَرات • (Herât)

Turkish: Herat

Borrowed from Classical Persian هَرَات (harāt), from Arabic هَرَاة (harāh), from Middle Persian [Term?] (/harēw/).


نجف

Turkish: Necef

Borrowed from Arabic النَّجَف (an-najaf).


عمان

Turkish: Amman

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَّان (ʕAmmān), from a local name attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”).


ارمنستان

Turkish: Ermenistan

From Classical Persian اَرمَنِستان (armanistān).

der

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)


ایل

Gagauz: iel

Turkish: il, el

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (é̄l), Azerbaijani el, Bashkir ил (il), Chuvash ял (jal), Kazakh ел (el), Kyrgyz эл (el), Tatar ил (il), Turkmen īl, Uyghur ئەل (el) and Uzbek el.

قرقلر ایلی

Kırklareli, a city and province of Turkey

(originally) any other person that one's self, others, other people


جدول

head

جدول • (cedvel) (definite accusative جدولی (cedveli), plural جداول (cedâvil))

cedvel (romanization)
جدولی (accusative definite)
جداول (plural)

Turkish: cetvel

→ Crimean Tatar: cedvel

→ Serbo-Croatian: džedvel (Bosnia)

Borrowed from Arabic جَدْوَل (jadwal, “creek, brook”).

bor+

rivulet, creek, brook, a body of water smaller than a river usually dry in the summer

irrigation ditch, canal, any long indentation used to channel water in a field or garden

column, vertical line of entries in a table, index, or book, usually read from top to bottom

schedule, table, sheet, roster, any tabulated form indicating a sequence of operations


چشمه

head

چَشمه • (çeşme)

ota-noun

چَشمه • (çeşme)

Turkish: çeşme

→ Bulgarian: чешма (češma)

→ Tunisian Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)

→ Libyan Arabic: شيشمة (šīšma)

→ Macedonian: чешма (češma)

→ Romanian: cișmea

Borrowed from Classical Persian چَشْمَه (čašma, “spring, source”).

bor+

fountain, an ornamental water feature usually situated in a garden or public place


چشمه

head

چَشمه • (çeşme)

ota-proper noun

چَشمه • (çeşme)

Turkish: Çeşme

Çeşme (a town and district in Izmir province, Turkey)


پارس

Turkish: pars


قاهره

head

قاهره • (Kâhire)

ota-proper noun

قاهره • (Kâhire)

Turkish: Kahire

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-Qāhira, “Mars the Victorious”), after the planet's transit around the time of the city's founding.


شام

desc

→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)

Turkish: Şam


بولی

Turkish: Bolu

→ Armenian: Պօլու (Pōlu), Պօլի (Pōli)

In the Ancient Roman era this city was known as Κλαυδιούπολις (Klaudioúpolis), in honor of Emperor Claudius. After the defeat of the Byzantines, the Turkish conquerors renamed the city Bolî, from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”), in this case just a shortened form of Κλαυδιούπολις (Klaudioúpolis).

Bolu (a city and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


قزان

Turkish: Kahramankazan

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŕgan (“cauldron”); cognate with Azerbaijani qazan, Bashkir ҡаҙан (qaźan), Chuvash хуран (huran), Kazakh қазан (qazan), Kumyk къазан (qazan), Kyrgyz казан (kazan), Turkmen gāzan and Uzbek qozon.

inh+

Kahramankazan (a town and district in Ankara province, Turkey)


غزه

Turkish: Gazze

Borrowed from Classical Persian غَزَّه (ğazza), from Arabic غَزَّة (ḡazza).

bor+

Gaza (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant)


بیروت

head

بیروت • (Beyrût)

ota-proper noun

بیروت • (Beyrût)

Turkish: Beyrut


قلعه

head

قلعه • (kalʼe)

ota-proper noun

قلعه • (kalʼe)

Turkish: Kale

Borrowed from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

(historical)

Kale (a town and district in Denizli province, Turkey)

(historical)

Kale (a town and district in Malatya province, Turkey)


طونه

Turkish: Tuna


آمریقا

Borrowed from Italian America, from New Latin America.

United States of America
United States of America


تركیا

head

تركیا • (Türkiyâ)

ota-proper noun

تركیا • (Türkiyâ)

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


چایر

head

چایر • (çayır)

ota-noun

چایر • (çayır)

Turkish: çayır

→ Albanian: çair

→ Armenian: չայիր (čʻayir)

→ Macedonian: чаир (čair)

→ Romanian: ceair

→ Zazaki: çayir

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čayïr (“meadow; couch grass”); cognate with Azerbaijani çayır.

inh+

meadow, a field or pasture covered or cultivated with grass

چایر صوغوغی

return of cold weather between April and May


سرای

Turkish: Saray

Borrowed from Persian سرای (sarây, “mansion, palace”), from Middle Persian slʾd (srāy, “hall, house”).

der

Saray (a town and district in Tekirdağ province, Turkey)

Saray (a town and district in Van province, Turkey)


یاش

Turkish: Yaş


بعلبك

Turkish: Balebek

Borrowed from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


نهر

nehir (romanization)
انهار (plural)
نهر (plural)

Turkish: nehir

Borrowed from Arabic نَهْر (nahr, “river”).

river, a large stream which drains a land mass


انف

enf (romanization)
آناف (plural)
انوف (plural)

Turkish: enf

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْف (ʔanf, “nose”).

tip, the extreme end of something, especially when pointed


بورون

Turkish: burun

→ Romanian: bornău

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *burun; cognate with Azerbaijani burun, Crimean Tatar burun, Karachay-Balkar бурун (burun), Tatar борын (borın), Turkmen burun, Uyghur بۇرۇن (burun) and Uzbek burun.


سمرقند

Turkish: Semerkant

Borrowed from Persian سمرقند (samarqand), from Middle Persian 𐮐𐮋𐮊𐮉𐮌𐮃 (smlknd /samarkand/), itself from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /*Smā́rkąθ/).

der

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


باتاق

head

باتاق • (batak) (definite accusative باتاغی (batağı), plural باتاقلر (bataklar))

batak (romanization)
باتاغی (accusative definite)
باتاقلر (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *batgak (“swamp, marsh”), from the same root of باتمق (batmak, “to sink”). Cognate with Azerbaijani bataq, Bashkir батҡаҡ (batqaq), Chuvash путхах (puthah), Kazakh батпақ (batpaq), Kyrgyz баткак (batkak), Turkmen batga, Uyghur پاتقاق (patqaq) and Uzbek botqoq.

inh+

barrelhouse, honky-tonk, any establishment where fraud takes place


كول

Turkish: göl

→ Middle Armenian: կօլ (kōl)

desc

Armenian: գյոլ (gyol), կյոլ (kyol), կոլ (kol), գոլ (gol), գէօլ (gēōl), կէօլ (kēōl), կօլ (kōl), գօլ (gōl) — traditional orthography

→ Bulgarian: гьол (gjol)

→ Greek: γκιόλα (gkióla) (dialectal)

→ Northern Kurdish: gol

→ Romanian: ghiol

→ Zazaki: gol

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰠 (köl), Azerbaijani göl, Bashkir күл (kül), Chuvash кӳлӗ (külĕ), Kazakh көл (köl), Kyrgyz көл (köl), Tatar күл (kül), Turkmen kȫl, Uyghur كۆل (köl), Uzbek koʻl and Yakut күөл (küöl).

lake, a large, landlocked stretch of water

pond or puddle, an inland body of standing water


كول

Turkish: kül

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kül (“ash”); cognate with Azerbaijani kül, Bashkir көл (köl), Chuvash кӗл (kĕl), Kazakh күл (kül), Kyrgyz күл (kül), Tatar көл (köl), Turkish kül, Tuvan хүл (xül) Uyghur كۈل (kül), Uzbek kul and Yakut күл (kül).

ash, the solid and powdery remains of fire


خلیج

head

خلیج • (Halîc)

ota-proper noun

خلیج • (Halîc)

Turkish: Haliç

the Golden Horn (a major urban waterway, the primary inlet of the Bosporus in Istanbul, Turkey)


دمشق

Turkish: Dimişk, Dimaşk

Synonym of شام, Damascus (the capital of Syria)


طرابلس

head

طرابلس • (Tarabülüs)

ota-proper noun

طرابلس • (Tarabülüs)

Turkish: Trablus

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس (ṭarābulus). Doublet of تیرهبولی.

bor+

طرابلس شام
طرابلس شام#Ottoman_Turkish

Synonym of طرابلس شام (Tarabülüs-i Şam), Tripoli (a city in Lebanon)

طرابلس شام

طرابلس غرب
طرابلس غرب#Ottoman_Turkish

Synonym of طرابلس غرب (Tarabülüs-i Garb), Tripoli (the capital of Libya)


حمص

Hıms (romanization)
vulg. Hams (romanization)


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
Haleb (romanization)
vulg. Halep (romanization)

Turkish: Halep

→ Albanian: Halepi

→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)

→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)

→ French: Alep

desctree

→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)


اوردن

head

اوردن • (Ürdün)

ota-proper noun

اوردن • (Ürdün)

Turkish: Ürdün

From Arabic الْأُرْدُن (al-ʔUrdun), from the جُـنْـد الْأُرْدُنّ (Jund al-Urdunn, “Military District of Jordan”).

Jordan (a country in the Middle East, in southwestern Asia)


اصفهان

Turkish: İsfahan

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِصْفَهَان (isfahān), from earlier سِپَاهَان (sipāhān), from Middle Persian, ultimately from Old Persian *spādānah (“army”) or *spādānām (“of the armies”), from 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (s-p-a-d /spādaʰ/, “army”), from Proto-Iranian *cwáHdaH (“army”).

bor+

Isfahan (a city in Isfahan province, Iran).


خندق

Turkish: Hendek

Borrowed from Persian خندق (xandaq), itself from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq, “trench, moat”), ultimately from Middle Persian *handag.

Hendek (a town and district in Sakarya province, Turkey)


طوزله

Tuzla (a city and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


قبرس

head

قبرس • (Kıbrıs)

Turkish: Kıbrıs

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


دارفور

Turkish: Darfur

Borrowed from Arabic دار فور (Dār Fūr, “land of the Fur”).

bor+

Darfur: A region in western Sudan where the Fur live.


سودان

Turkish: Sudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, “black people”), plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad, “black”).

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


بوغاز

head

بوغاز • (boğaz) (plural بوغازلر)

ota-noun

بوغاز • (boğaz) (plural بوغازلر)

Turkish: boğaz

→ Abkhaz: абаӷәаза (abağʷaza)

desc

→ Arabic: بُوغَاز (būḡāz)

→ Arabic: بُوغَاز (būḡāz)

→ Aromanian: bugáze

→ Armenian: բողազ (boġaz), պողազ (poġaz)

→ Bulgarian: бо́аз (bóaz), боа́з (boáz)

→ Greek: μπουγάζι (bougázi), μπογάζι (bogázi)

→ Persian: بوغاز (boğâz)

→ Marathi: बोगदा (bogdā)

→ Romanian: bogaz, boaz

→ Serbo-Croatian: bȍgaz / бо̏газ

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *boguŕ (“throat”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰔 (boɣuz), Azerbaijani boğaz, Bashkir боғаҙ (boğaź), Chuvash пыр (pyr), Kyrgyz богуз (boguz), Turkmen bogaz, Uyghur بوغۇز (boghuz) and Uzbek boʼgʼiz.

بوغازلتمق

to make or let be killed by cutting the throat

(by extension) sound, strait, a narrow channel connecting two larger bodies of water


وان

Turkish: Van

→ English: Van

Central Anatolia
Central Anatolia#English

Van (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


ساری

Turkish: Sari

Sari (a city in Mazandaran province, Iran).


پیاس

Turkish: Payas

Borrowed from Arabic بياس, ultimately from Ancient Greek Παίας (Paías).

Payas (a town and district in Hatay province, Turkey)


شاب

Turkish: şap

→ Armenian: շապ (šap)

From Arabic شَبّ (šabb, “vitriol; alum”).

coral reef, a reef formed by compacted coral skeletons


ارضروم

Turkish: Erzurum

Eastern Anatolia
Eastern Anatolia#English

Erzurum (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


یونانستان

Yunanıstan (romanization)
Yunanistan (romanization)

Turkish: Yunanistan

From یونان (Yunan, “Greek”) + ـستان (“-istan, -land: forming place names”). Equivalent to Yunan + -istan.


تاتارستان

From تاتار (tatar, “Tatar”) + ـستان (-stan, “-stan”)


برات

Albanian: Berat

English: Berat

Turkish: Berat

From Old Church Slavonic Бѣлградъ (Bělgradŭ), from бѣлъ (bělŭ, “white”) + градъ (gradŭ, “fortress, city”), from Proto-Slavic *bělъ and *gordъ. Doublet of بلغراد (belgrad).


تركیه

Turkish: Türkiye

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


قاش

Turkish: Kaş

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kāĺ (“eyebrow; edge”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐱁 (qaš), Azerbaijani qaş, Bashkir ҡаш (qaş), Kazakh қас (qas), Kyrgyz каш (kaş), Turkmen gāş, Uyghur قاش (qash), Uzbek qosh and Yakut хаас (qaas).

inh+

(historical)

Kaş (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)


روم

English: Rum

German: Rum

desc

→ Laz: ურუმი (urumi), რუმი (rumi) — Ortaalan, Lome, Batumi

Swahili: Rum

Turkish: Rum

Borrowed from Arabic رُوم (rūm), الرُّوم (ar-rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), from Latin Romani, from Roma (“Rome”). In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)


باف

Turkish: Baf

Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Πάφος (Páphos), from Ancient Greek.


چنار

head

چنار • (çınar)

ota-proper noun

چنار • (çınar)

Turkish: Çınar

Borrowed from Persian چنار (čenâr), itself from Middle Persian cynʾl (činār).

(historical)

Çınar (a town and district in Diyarbakır province, Turkey)


له

Turkish: Leh

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
Armenian: լեհ (leh)

Borrowed from Old Ruthenian лѧхъ sg (ljax, “a Pole”) and лѧхи pl (ljaxi, “Poland”), from Old East Slavic лѧхъ m sg (lęxŭ, “a Pole”) and лѧхове m pl (lęxove, “Poland”), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.


له

Synonym of لهستان, Poland (a country in Central Europe)


اوزی

head

اوزی • (Özi)

Turkish: Özi, Özü


آیدین

آیدین • (Aydın)

Turkish: Aydın

From Proto-Turkic *aydïŋ (“light”); cognate with Azerbaijani aydın, Kazakh айдың (aidyñ), Turkmen aýdyň and Tuvan айдың (aydıñ). As a city, named in honor of Aydin Mehmet Bey upon his dynasty's conquest of Güzelhisar.

Aydin (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


جزائر

Turkish: Cezayir

From Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


صور

Turkish: Sur

Borrowed from Arabic صُور (Ṣūr), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr /Ṣur/, “rock”).

(historical) Tyre (an ancient city in Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon)


خرطوم

Turkish: Hartum

Borrowed from Arabic خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm, “trunk, proboscis”).


صارت

Turkish: Sart

English: Sart

From Byzantine Greek Σάρδεις (Sárdeis), ultimately from Lydian 𐤳𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 (Sfard).

Sart (a town in Manisa, Turkey; ancient capital of the Kingdom of Lydia)


كنت

Turkish: kent

From older كند (kend), from Proto-Turkic *kend (“town”), a root which ultimately derives from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼻𐼹 (kʾnδ, “town, city”). Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (kend, “city, settlement”).

cog

town, city, any large settlement with shops and a local government


صرت

head

صرت • (sırt)

ota-noun

صرت • (sırt)

Turkish: sırt
→ Armenian: սըրթ (sərtʻ)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sïrt (“back, rear of the body”); cognate with Bashkir һірт, Crimean Tatar sırt, Kumyk сырт (sırt), Kyrgyz сырт (sırt), Southern Altai сырт (sïrt), Tatar sırt and Uzbek sirt.

inh

back, the rear of the body, especially its upper part

the ridge of a beast's back, especially the part covered by the saddle

the main ridge of a mountain or mountain chain

(by extension) the back part of an object, such as a knife or sword

the fur from the middle strip along the back of a beast's skin


عشاق

head

عشاق • (ʼuşak)

Turkish: Uşak

→ Armenian: Ուշագ (Ušag)

Uşak (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


نیل

Turkish: Nil

Borrowed from Arabic النِّيل (an-nīl, “the Nile”), itself from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos).


نابلس

Borrowed from Arabic نَابُلُس (nābulus), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”).

Nablus (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


بابل

head

بابل • (Bābil)

ota-proper noun

بابل • (Bābil)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَابِل (bābil), from Arabic بَابِل (bābil).

bor+

Babylon, Babel (the ancient capital of Babylonia in Mesopotamia)

Babylonia (an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia)


حمات

head

حَمات • (Hamât)

ota-proper noun

حَمات • (Hamât)

Turkish: Hamat


دهلی

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


تیره

Turkish: Tire

→ Armenian: Թիրէ (Tʻirē)

Tire (a town and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


كمر

Turkish: kemer

→ Albanian: qemer

desc

→ Armenian: քէմէր (kʻēmēr), ք^յա̈մա̈ր (kʻʸämär)

→ Bulgarian: кеме́р (kemér)

→ Greek: κεμέρι (keméri)

→ Romanian: chimír, chimér

Borrowed from Persian کمر (kamar, “belt, girdle”), from Middle Persian 𐫞𐫖𐫡 (qmr /kamar/, “vault”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”).

der

any girdle or belt, especially a belt of cloth with a buckle or clasps

arch, vault, an architectural element having the shape of a bow

(geography) mountain pass, a low point in a mountain range


كمر

Turkish: Kemer

(historical)

Kemer (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)

(historical)

Kemer (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


حوض

head

حوض • (havz or havuz) (definite accusative حوضی (havzı, havuzu), plural احواض (ehvâz) or حیاض (hiyâz))

havz (romanization)
havuz (romanization)
حوضی (accusative definite)
احواض (plural)
حیاض (plural)

Turkish: havuz

desc

→ Arabic: هَوِيس (hawīs), هَاوِيس (hāwīs)

հավուզ<lb:պլ>

ավուզ<lb:վն>

→ Armenian: (Constantinople) հավուզ (havuz), (Van) ավուզ (avuz)

→ Georgian: აუზი (auzi)

→ Greek: χαβούζα (chavoúza)

→ Ladino: havuz

→ Laz: ჰავუზი (havuzi)

→ Romanian: havuz

→ Ubykh: х'абзы (x̣abzə)

Borrowed from Arabic حَوْض (ḥawḍ, “basin, pool”).

bor+

pool, water tank, reservoir, any artifical basin for storing fresh water

حوض الرسول

the tank in Paradise of which all the Blessed will drink


رقه

Turkish: Rakka

Borrowed from Arabic الرَّقَّة (ar-raqqa).


دیدیم

Turkish: Didim

Didim (a town and district in Aydın province, Turkey)


راغ

Turkish: rag

Borrowed from Persian راغ (râğ, “meadow”), itself from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (lʾg /rāɣ/, “meadow”).


نقشه

head

نقشه • (nakşa)

Turkish: Nakşa

→ Armenian: Նաքշա (Nakʻša)

Naxos (an island and town in the Cyclades, Greece).


لاهور

لاهور • (lâhor)

Turkish: Lahor

Borrowed from Arabic لَاهُور (lāhūr), from Urdu لاہَور (lāhaur, “Lahore”).

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


تفلیس

English: Tiflis

Turkish: Tiflis


افریقه

Turkish: Afrika


آناطولی

Anadolı (romanization)
Anadolu (romanization)

Turkish: Anadolu

desc

اَلْأَنَاضُول

→ Arabic: اَلْأَنَاضُول (al-ʔanāḍūl)

→ Arabic: اَلْأَنَاضُول (al-ʔanāḍūl)

From Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “east”).

Anatolia, the peninsula where Turkey is located, also known as Asia Minor


بغدان

boğdan (romanization)
buğdan (romanization)

Turkish: Boğdan

→ Arabic: بُغْدَان (buḡdān)

→ Armenian: Պուղտան (Puġtan)

From Bogdan I of Moldavia, founder of a dynasty, from Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ.

Bogdan I of Moldavia
House of Bogdan-Mușat


طوپخانه

طوپ (top, “cannon”) + خانه (hane, “house”).

affix

Tophane (a neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey), named after the nearby factories.


كرچ

head

كرچ • (Kerç)

ota-proper noun

كرچ • (Kerç)

Turkish: Kerç


چفتلك

Turkish: Çiftlik

From چفت (çift, “pair, team; yoke”) + ـلك (-lik).

suffix

(historical)

Çiftlik (a town and district in Niğde province, Turkey)


بوجاق

Turkish: Bucak

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *būčgak (“corner, angle”), a development of *būč- or *bïč-. Cognate with Tatar почмак (poçmaq), Uyghur بۇرجەك (burjek), and Uzbek burchak.

inh+

Bucak (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


قوناق

Turkish: Konak

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *konak (“guest; lodging”); cognate with Azerbaijani qonaq, Bashkir ҡунаҡ (qunaq), Kazakh қонақ (qonaq), Kyrgyz конок (konok), Southern Altai конок (konok), Tatar кунак (qunaq) and Uzbek qoʻnoq. Doublet of قونوق (konuk, “guest”).

Konak (a neighbourhood and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


مرسین

Turkish: Mersin

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْسِين (marsīn), itself from Ancient Greek μυρσίνη (mursínē).


میشه

head

میشه • (meşe) (definite accusative میشهیی (meşeyi), plural میشهلر (meşeler))

meşe (romanization)
میشهیی (accusative definite)
میشهلر (plural)

Ultimately from Classical Persian بیشه (bēša, “forest”), with a change of initial consonant /b/ > /m/ found also in other words, such as مقره (makara, “pulley”), منكشه (menekşe, “violet”), or منتشه (menteşe, “hinge”).

forest, wood, a dense and uncultivated area of trees and undergrowth

oak, any deciduous, hardwood tree in the genus Quercus of the beech family

oakwood, the wood of the oak tree, used in making furniture, frames, etc.


میشه

میشه • (meşe)

Turkish: meşe

→ Armenian: մեշե (meše), մեշա (meša)

oaken, made from the wood of the oak tree, also suggesting robustness


بوك

Turkish: bük

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bük (“wood, forest”).

inh+

thicket, scrub, a dense, but generally small, growth of shrubs, bushes or small trees


بوك

Turkish: bön

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bȫn (“stupid, foolish”); cognate with Turkmen mȫn.

stupid, unclever, silly, idiotic, unintelligent, dumb, without or lacking intelligence


فس

Turkish: Fes

Fez (a city in Morocco), alternative form of فاس (Fas)


چلتیك

head

چلتیك • (çeltik)

ota-proper noun

چلتیك • (çeltik)

Turkish: Çeltik

From Persian شلتوک (šaltôk, “rice still in the husk; rice-hull”), a compound of شالی (šâli, “rice hull”) + توک (tôk, “bundle, fagot; handle, grip”).

bor

Çeltik (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


قوری

Turkish: koru

→ Albanian: korié, kori

→ Aromanian: curíe

→ Bulgarian: кори́я (koríja) (regional)

→ Greek: κουρί n (kourí) (Thracia, Macedonia, Epirus)

→ Macedonian: корија (korija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (Southeast Serbia, Macedonia, Bulgaria)

Cyrillic script: ко́рија

Latin script: kórija

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kōrïg (“enclosure, enclosed area”), a word related to *kōrï- (“to protect”), whence قوریمق (korumak, “to protect, defend”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (korïg), Azerbaijani qoruq and Uzbek qoʻriq.

inh+

reserve, paddock, enclosure, a piece of meadow or forest kept for private use and often guarded or fenced


پورتقال

head

پوٓرْتُقال or پوٓرْتٰقال • (Portokal or Portakal)

پوٓرْتُقال (canonical)
پوٓرْتٰقال (canonical)
Portokal (romanization)
Portakal (romanization)


چارطاق

چارطاق • (çardak)

ota-proper noun

چارطاق • (çardak)

Turkish: Çardak

Borrowed from Persian چارطاق (čârtâq, “vault”), a compound of چار (čâr, “four”) + طاق (tâq, “arch”).

bor+

Çardak (a town and district in Denizli province, Turkey)


سیف

seyf (romanization)
سیوف (plural)
اسیاف (plural)

yeoman's fief, as furnishing a sword to the army


بكرش

head

بكرش • (Bükreş)

Turkish: Bükreş

→ Armenian: Պուքրեշ (Pukʻreš)

From Romanian București, from Bucur + -ești (“patronymic suffix”).


وندیك

Turkish: Venedik

→ Albanian: Venedik

Borrowed from German Venedig, presumably during Austro-Hungarian rule of the city.

Venice (a port city in northeastern Italy)


لوندره

Turkish: Londra

Borrowed from Italian Londra, from French Londres, from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, from Latin Londinium, likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”).

der

London (the capital of England, United Kingdom)


پرشنبه

Turkish: Perşembe

Vulgarized form of earlier پنجشنبه (pençşembe), which derives from Persian پنجشنبه (panj-šanbe, “Thursday”, literally “five (days after) Saturday”).

(historical)

Perşembe (a town and district in Ordu province, Turkey)


دلیجان

Turkish: Dilican


انطاكیه

entâkiye (romanization)
antâkiye (romanization)

Turkish: Antakya

English: Antakya

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطَاكِيَة (ʔanṭākiya), from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia). Doublet of حطای (Hatay).

bor+

أَنْطَاكِيَة

Antakya (a city and district in Hatay province, Turkey), the ancient Antioch


قسطنطینیه

Turkish: Kostantiniye

From Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya), from Byzantine Greek Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoúpolis, “City of Constantine”).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Κωνσταντινούπολις

(now historical) Synonym of استانبول, Constantinople (the former capital of the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire).


چول

Turkish: çul

desc

→ Armenian: չուլ (čʻul), ջուլ (ǰul), չո̈ւլ (čʻül), ջո̈ւլ (ǰül)

→ Bulgarian: чул (čul)

→ Greek: τσόλι (tsóli)

→ Macedonian: чул (čul)

→ Serbo-Croatian: čȕl /чу̏л

چوللاتمق

to make or let be covered with a horsecloth

haircloth, horsehair, a cloth made of the hairs of a horse


پنك

Ultimately from Old Armenian բանակ (banak, “encampment”).


قولونیا

Turkish: Kolonya


یالی

head

یالی • (yalı)

ota-noun

یالی • (yalı)

Turkish: yalı

→ Armenian: յալը (yalə)

→ Bulgarian: ялѝя (jalìja)

→ English: yali

→ French: yali

→ Greek: γιαλί (gialí), γιαλή (gialí)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀лија

Latin script: jàlija

From Byzantine Greek γιαλός (gialós) (or from very early modern Greek), from Ancient Greek αἰγιαλός (aigialós).


كسكین

Turkish: Keskin

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kesgin (“sharp”), a development of *kes- (“to cut”), whence also كسمك (kesmek, “to cut”). Cognate with Azerbaijani keskin and Kyrgyz кескин (keskin).

inh+

(historical)

Keskin (a town and district in Kırıkkale province, Turkey)


بورسه

Turkish: Bursa

By metathesis from Byzantine Greek Προῦσᾰ (Proûsă), which was probably named after Προυσίας (Prousías), an ancient king of Bithynia.

كرچه ، بر بورسه مبعوثی[…]

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 626:

Bursa (a city and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


ایرماق

head

ایرماق • (ırmak)

ota-noun

ایرماق • (ırmak)

Turkish: ırmak

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yïrmak (“river”) and probably related to یارمق (yarmak, “to split, rend, cleave”) and یارم (yarım, “half”); cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (yırmak), Azerbaijani irmaq and Chuvash ҫырма (śyrma).

inh+

river, a large stream which drains a land mass


طربزون

head

طربزون • (Tırabızon)

ota-proper noun

طربزون • (Tırabızon)

desctree

Turkish: Trabzon
→ English: Trabzon
→ Russian: Трабзо́н (Trabzón)

From Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦντα (Trapezoûnta), accusative of Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs).

Trabzon (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


قیا

Turkish: kaya

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *k(i)aya (“rock, mountain”); cognate with Azerbaijani qaya, Bashkir ҡая (qaya), Tatar кыя (qıya), Turkmen gaýa, Uzbek qoya and Yakut хайа (qaya).


چكركه

Turkish: Çekirge

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čekürtke (“grasshopper”); cognate with Azerbaijani çəyirtkə, Kazakh шегіртке (şegırtke), Kyrgyz чегиртке (cegirtke), Tatar чикерткә (çikertkä), Turkmen çekirtge, Uyghur چېكەتكە (chëketke), Uzbek chigirtka and Yakut сахсырҕа (saqsırğa).

A village in Bursa, Turkey, modern Çekirge.


وارشاوه

head

وارشاوه • (Varşava)

Turkish: Varşova

From Polish Warszawa or an older form of that word.


یتاغان

یتاغان • (yatağan)

ota-proper noun

یتاغان • (yatağan)

Turkish: Yatağan

According to Nishanyan, from a development of Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie down”) + ـغان (-ğan, -ağan, “habitual suffix”): compare اولاغان (olağan) and بوراغان (burağan), with the same suffix.

(obsolete)

Yatağan (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


بركه

head

بركه • (birke) (definite accusative بركهیی (birkeyi), plural برك (birâk))

birke (romanization)
بركهیی (accusative definite)
برك (plural)

Turkish: birke

Borrowed from Arabic بِرْكَة (birka, “pool, tank”).

bor+

pool, water tank, reservoir, any artifical basin for storing fresh water


طورله

Turkish: Turla

Dniester (a river in Eastern Europe), flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.


دینیه‌ستر

دینیهستر (canonical)
Dinyester (romanization)

Turkish: Dinyester

Probably a rendering of Old East Slavic Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ), since the Ottoman territory already contained the East-Slavic-speaking coastal region south of the river’s mouth by the end of the 14th century and then the Empire conquered it under Süleyman I.

Unsere weitere Absicht, nach Herstellung der Eisenbahnverbindungen in Ostgalizien und in der Bukowina zur Erzwingung des Friedens im Osten den Feldzug gegen die russisch-rumänische Front südlich des Dnjestr fortzusetzen, mußte aufgegeben werden. Er sollte in einem doppelten Angriff über den oberen Sereth westlich Galatz und hart südlich des Dnjestr bestehen und auch zangenartig wirken.

1922, ادارهٔ حرب و سیاست [Idare-i harb ve siyaset], Istanbul: مطبعهٔ عثمانیه, page 176, originally 199; translation of Erich Ludendorff, Kriegsführung und Politik, Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1922:

Our further intention, the military campaign against the Russian-Romanian front to be continued south of the Dniestr to force piece in the east, after procurement of the railroad connections in Eastern Galicia and in the Bukovina, had to be abandoned. It was supposed to consist in a double attack over the upper Siret west of Galați as well as hard south of the Dniestr and go like pincers.

Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire


آطه

head

آطه • (ada) (definite accusative آطهیی (adayı), plural آطهلر (adalar))

ada (romanization)
آطهیی (accusative definite)
آطهلر (plural)

desctree

Turkish: ada
→ Northern Kurdish: ada
→ Zazaki: ada

Gagauz: ada

→ Albanian: adë

→ Armenian: ատա (ata)

→ Crimean Tatar: ada

→ Ladino: adá

→ Laz: ადა (ada)

→ Macedonian: ада (ada)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ada

→ Ubykh: ада (ada)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ātag (“island”); cognate with Azerbaijani ada, Crimean Tatar ada, Kazakh атау (atau), Kumyk атав (ataw), Tatar атау (ataw) and Turkmen ada.

inh+

island, an area of land totally surrounded by water


افریقیه

head

افریقیه • (efrikıye)

bor

إِفْرِيقِيَة

Ifriqiya, district of the Ottoman province of Tunis.


قیر

head

قیر • (kır) (definite accusative قیری (kırı), plural قیرلر (kırlar))

kır (romanization)
قیری (accusative definite)
قیرلر (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïr (“isolated mountain; steppe, wilderness”); cognate with Azerbaijani qır, Bashkir ҡыр (qır), Chuvash хир (hir), Kazakh қыр (qyr), Kyrgyz кыр (kır), Turkmen gyr, Uyghur قىر (qir) and Uzbek qir.

inh+

wilderness, waste, uncultivated and unsettled land with wild animals and vegetation growing wild


بوسنه

Turkish: Bosna

→ Armenian: Պօսնա (Pōsna)


پطنوس

Turkish: Patnos

Borrowed from Armenian Բադնոց (Badnocʻ).

Patnos (a town and district in Ağrı province, Turkey)


كوله

head

گوله • (Göle)

ota-proper noun

گوله • (Göle)

Turkish: Göle

→ Greek: Γκιόλε (Gkióle)

From Georgian კოლა (ḳola). The town was previously known as مردهنیك (Merdenik).

(obsolete)

Göle (a town and district in Ardahan province, Turkey)


اتك

Turkish: etek

→ Armenian: էթեկ (ētʻek), էթաք (ētʻakʻ)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *etek (“lap, edge of cloth”); cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (etek), Azerbaijani ətək, Bashkir итәк (itək), Kazakh етек (etek), Khakas идек (idek), Turkmen etek, Uyghur ئېتەك (ëtek) and Uzbek etak.

inh

skirt, the part of a dress or robe that hangs below the waist


غالیچیا

Galiçiya (romanization)
Galiçya (romanization)

Turkish: Galiçya

Galicia (a historical region in Eastern Europe)


غالیچیا

Turkish: Galiçya

Galicia (a historical region in northwestern Spain)


طرسوس

Turkish: Tarsus

From Ancient Greek Ταρσός (Tarsós), ultimately from Hittite Tarsa.

Tarsus (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


بالقلاوه

head

بالقلاوه • (Balıklava)

Alteration of بالقلاغه (balıklaga, “good fishing ground”), from بالق (balık, “fish”).


آلاك

آلاڭ • (alañ)

ota-noun

آلاڭ • (alañ)

Turkish: alan

→ Armenian: ալանկ (alank)

→ Bulgarian: ала́н (alán)

→ Greek: αλάνι (aláni), αλάνα (alána)

→ Macedonian: алан (alan)

From Common Turkic *alaŋ (“level ground, plain”). Cognate with Azerbaijani alan and Old Turkic [script needed] (alaŋ).

inh

glade, plain ground or open space sheltered between mountains or forest trees or houses in a town or the like


خیزان

Hizan (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; 34 km southeast straight line from Bitlis)

Hizan district (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


بتلیس

Turkish: Bitlis

→ Arabic: بِتْلِيس (bitlīs)

→ Armenian: Բիթլիս (Bitʻlis)

Compare Arabic بَدْلِيس (badlīs), Old Armenian Բաղէշ (Bałēš).

Bitlis (a city in Bitlis, Turkey; 25 km southwest of Tatvan at Lake Van)

Bitlis (a province of Turkey; to the west of the Van Province)


آخلاط

bor

Arabic أَخْلَاط (ʔaḵlāṭ)

Ahlat (a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey; at Lake Van, 40 km northeast from Tatvan along the coastline)

Ahlat (a district of Bitlis Province, Turkey)


جانیك

Canik (romanization)
Canık (romanization)

Turkish: Canik

Canik (a town and district in Samsun province, Turkey)


قایناق

Turkish: kaynak

→ Romanian: coinac

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kạyïnak, from *kạyïn- (“to boil”), the same root of قاینامق (kaynamak, “to boil”).

spring, source, fount, a spray or body of water springing from the ground


چوروم

head

چوروم • (çorum)

Turkish: Çorum

Çorum (a city, district, and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


كوشك

كوشك • (Köşk)

ota-proper noun

كوشك • (Köşk)

Turkish: Köşk

Borrowed from Persian کوشک (kušk, “palace, portico”), itself from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

bor+

Köşk (a town and district in Aydın province, Turkey)


قراباغ

head

قراباغ • (Karabağ)

Turkish: Karabağ

قرا (kara, “black”) + باغ (bağ, “garden”)


صامسون

Turkish: Samsun

From Byzantine Greek Σαμψούντα (Sampsoúnta).

Samsun (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


آلپ

Turkish: Alp


عینتاب

head

عینتاب • (ʿAyntab)

Turkish: Antep

Southeast Anatolia
Southeast Anatolia#English

Gaziantep (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


حصن منصور

Turkish: Hısnımansur

From حصن (hısn, “fortress, stronghold”) + منصور (mansur, “a proper name for men”), in honor of the Umayyad commander who captured the fortress.

آدی یامان
آدی یامان#Ottoman_Turkish

(now historical) Synonym of آدی یامان (adı yaman, “a city in Turkey”)


ردوس

Turkish: Rodos

From Byzantine Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos), from Ancient Greek of uncertain origin.

Rhodes (a city and island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


قره دكز

Turkish: Karadeniz


آق دكز

Turkish: Akdeniz

آق (ak, “white”) + دكز (deñiz, deniz, “sea”).
Referring to it as the "White" sea is common throughout the region, see Arabic الْبَحْر الْأَبْيَض الْمُتَوَسِّط (al-baḥr al-ʔabyaḍ al-mutawassiṭ, “"Middle white sea”), Persian بحر سفید, though these may be calques as direct translations from the Ottoman (possibly by the Ottomans). See the Wikipedia page for more details.

cog

الْبَحْر الْأَبْيَض الْمُتَوَسِّط

Persian بحر سفید


موصل

Mevsıl (romanization)
vulg. Musul (romanization)
Mosul (romanization)

Turkish: Musul

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَوْصِل (al-mawṣil).

bor+

Mosul (the capital city of the Nineveh governorate, Iraq)


ایلغین

head

ایلغین • (ılgın)

ota-proper noun

ایلغین • (ılgın)

Turkish: Ilgın

Ilgın (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


عكا

head

عكا • (akkâ)

ota-proper noun

عكا • (akkâ)

Turkish: Akka

Ultimately from Arabic عَكَّا (ʕakkā), from Biblical Hebrew עַכּוֹ (ʕakkō) of unknown origin.


قونیه

Turkish: Konya

English: Konya

→ Armenian: Ղոնիա (Ġonia)

From Byzantine Greek Ἰκόνιον (Ikónion), from an Ancient Greek adaption of Luwian Ikkuwaniya, from Hittite Kawana.

Konya (a city and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


سلانیك

head

سلانیك • (Selânik)

Turkish: Selanik

From Byzantine Greek Σαλονίκη (Saloníkē), q.v.

Thessaloniki (a city in the Macedonia region, Greece).


آنقره

Turkish: Ankara

→ Arabic: أَنْقَرَة (ʔanqara)

→ English: Ankara

→ French: Ankara

→ German: Ankara

→ Italian: Ankara

→ Russian: Анкара́ (Ankará)

→ Persian: آنکارا (ânkârâ)

From Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Cubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite 𒌷𒀭𒆪𒉿𒀸 (Ankuwaš), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“elbow, bend, curve”).

der

Ankara (the capital city and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


كدوس

Turkish: Gediz

A river in Turkey, the site of a battle during the Turkish War of Independence.


درسم

Turkish: Dersim

وضعیتی ایضاح ایتدیلر: درسم كوردلری بوغازی طوتمشلردر.

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 62:

They explained the situation: The Dersim Kurds hold the pass.

Vaziyeti izah ettiler: Dersim Kürdleri boğazı tutmuşlardır.

A Kurdish region of eastern Anatolia, modern Tunceli.


آماسیه

Turkish: Amasya

آماسیهدن، ارضرومه كلیركن[…]

Amasya (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


سیواس

Turkish: Sivas

→ English: Sivas

From Byzantine Greek Σεβάστεια (Sebásteia), from Ancient Greek σεβαστή (sebastḗ, “emperor's day”) + -εια (-eia), from Σεβαστός (Sebastós) used as a calque of Latin Augustus. Doublet of سابستیه (sebastiye, “a city in Palestine”).

doublet

Sivas (a city, district, and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


نامور

head

نامور • (Namür)

ota-proper noun

نامور • (Namür)


ریزه

Turkish: Rize

١٨٤٠ سنهسندنبری ؛ یعنی اوچ ربع عصردنبری ، ریزهدن استانبول بوغازینه قدر آناطولونك قرهدكز حوضهسنده ، اسكی یونانلیلغك احیاسی ایچون چالیشان بر روم زمرهسی موجود ایدی.

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 453:

1840 senesinden beri; yani üç rub asırdan beri, Rize'den İstanbul Boğazı'na kadar Anadolu'nun Karadeniz havzasında, eski Yunanlılığın ahyası için çalışan bir Rum zümresi mevcud idi.

A city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey


تراكیا

Turkish: Trakya

شرقی و غربی تراكیانك بر وحدت ملیه آلتنده[…]

1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 303:

Şarkı ve garbı Trakya'nın bir vahdeti milliye altında […]

Thrace (a region in southeastern Europe)


ارزنجان

Turkish: Erzincan

→ English: Erzincan

ارزنجاندن غربه حركت ایتدیكمز كونك صباحی[…]

Erzincan'dan garba hareket ettiğimiz kevnin sabahı […]

Erzincan (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


سه‌ور

Turkish: Sevr

A city in France, notable in Ottoman history for the Treaty of Sevres.


موندروس

Mudros (a town in the Aegean), in Ottoman history notable as the site of the signing of the Armistice of Mudros.


آطه‌لر

Turkish: Adalar

→ Armenian: Ատալար (Atalar)

Adalar (a district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


ازمید

head

ازمید • (İzmit)

ota-proper noun

ازمید • (İzmit)

Turkish: İzmit

English: Izmit

Variant of İznikmid, from Byzantine Greek Νικομήδεια (Nikomḗdeia, “Nicomedia”), from Ancient Greek Νικομήδης (Nikomḗdēs) + -ιᾰ (-iă, “ia: forming place names”).

der

Izmit (a city and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


ازمیر

head

ازمیر • (İzmir)

ota-proper noun

ازمیر • (İzmir)

Turkish: İzmir

Izmir (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


دوملوپیكار

head

دوملوپیكار • (Dumlupınar)

Turkish: Dumlupınar

Compare Greek Τουμλού Μπουνάρ (Toumloú Bounár).

cog

Τουμλού Μπουνάρ

Dumlupinar (a town in Turkey), the site of a major battle during the Turkish War of Independence.


مدانیه

Turkish: Mudanya

Mudanya (a town and district in Bursa province, Turkey)


صالحلی

Turkish: Salihli

From a clan's name that inhabited the area, by surface analysis: صالح (salih, “a male given name”) + ـلی (-li).

affix

Salihli (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


بالیكسر

Turkish: Balıkesir

Perhaps from Byzantine Greek Παλαιόκαστρον (Palaiókastron), from παλαιός (palaiós, “old”) + κάστρον (kástron, “castle”).

der

Παλαιόκαστρον

Balıkesir (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


آقحصار

Turkish: Akhisar

Compound of آق (ak, “white”) + حصار (hisar, “fortress”). This place is the site of the ancient city of Thyatira, one of the Seven churches of Asia mentioned in the biblical book of Revelation.

com+

Akhisar (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


كیرماستی

Turkish: Kirmasti

A town in Turkey, in the Marmara region, renamed Mustafakemalpaşa after the War of Independence.


آلاشهر

Turkish: Alaşehir

English: Alasehir

Compound of آلا (ala, “spotted, multicolored”) + شهر (şehir, “city”).

compound

Alasehir (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


سنوب

Turkish: Sinop

English: Sinop

From Byzantine Greek Σινώπη (Sinṓpē), from Hittite 𒅆𒉡𒉿 (Šinuwa).

Sinop (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


دكزلی

دڭزلی (canonical)
Deñizli (romanization)

Turkish: Denizli

→ Armenian: Տէնիզլի (Tēnizli)

Morphologically from دڭز (deñiz, “sea”) + ـلی (-li), but this is probably a mispronunciation of the older form طوڭوزلی (Doñuzlu), from طوڭوز (doñuz, “pig, swine”) + ـلی (-lu).

Denizli (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


آتنه

Synonym of آتینا, Athens (the capital of Greece)


لیون

Persian: لیون (Liyon)

From French Lyon, from Latin Lugdūnum, from Gaulish *Lugudūnon (“fort of Lug”), from the Celtic deity Lug, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lyon (a city in central France; capital of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


لیون

From Spanish León, from Latin legio (“legion”) for the Legio VII Gemina formerly based there.

Leon (a city in northwest Spain; former capital of Leon)


چناب

head

چَناب • (Çenab)

ota-proper noun

چَناب • (Çenab)

Turkish: Çenab

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Ottoman Turkish چناب
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).


دربند

Derbend (romanization)
Derbent (romanization)

Turkish: Derbent

→ English: Derbend, Derbent

→ French: Derbend, Derbent

→ German: Derbend, Derbent

desc

→ Russian: Дербе́нд (Derbénd), Дербе́нт (Derbént)

Borrowed from Persian دربند (darband), from در (dar, “door, gate, passage”) + بند (band, “band, tie, fastening”), literally “bar of a door”.


جده

cidde (romanization)
cüdde (romanization)

Turkish: Cidde

→ Armenian: Ճիտտէ (Čittē)

Borrowed from Arabic جِدَّة (jidda), جُدَّة (judda).

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


مرعش

head

مرعش • (marʼaş)

ota-proper noun

مرعش • (marʼaş)

Turkish: Maraş

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْعَش (marʕaš). The prefix kahraman (“hero”) was added in 1973 to commemorate the battle of Marash, fought between the Ottoman Empire and the French forces.

Kahramanmaraş (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


تركستان

head

تركستان • (türkistân)

ota-proper noun

تركستان • (türkistân)

Turkish: Türkistan


بوجاقلو

head

بوجاقلو • (Bucaklı)

Turkish: bucaklı, Bucaklı

desc

→ Armenian: պուճախլը (pučaxlə), ⇒ Բուչակլյան (Bučʻaklyan)

→⇒ Laz: ბუჯაქლიში (bucaklişi, surname)

→ Turkish: Bucaklişi


صنعا

Turkish: San'a

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


ارغید

head

ارغید • (arğid)

ota-noun

ارغید • (arğid)

mountain pass, neck, ridge, between two valley-heads


قومسال

Turkish: kumsal

→ Albanian: kumsallë

→ Armenian: խումսալ (xumsal)

desc

kùmsāl//ку̀мса̄л

→ Serbo-Croatian: kùmsāl /ку̀мса̄л

A compound of قوم (kum, “sand”) + سال (sal, “flat ground”).


جنوه

Turkish: Cenova

From Italian Genova directly and via Persian جنوآ (Jenoâ).

Genoa (a port city in northwestern Italy)


قیی

head

قیی • (kıyı)

ota-noun

قیی • (kıyı)

Turkish: kıyı

→ Armenian: խըյի (xəyi)

shore or coast and the water adjoining it


بیت اللحم

Turkish: Beytüllahim

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت لَحْم (bayt laḥm), ultimately from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Lékhem), from בֵּית (bet, “house”) + לֶחֶם (lékhem, “bread”).

bor+

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


اسوج

head

اسوج • (İsvec)

Turkish: İsveç


لمنی

Turkish: Limni

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λῆμνος (Lêmnos).


سعرد

Turkish: Siirt

Siirt (a city and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)


آنطالیه

Turkish: Antalya

Antalya (a city and province in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey)


قارص

Turkish: Kars

→ English: Kars

→ Armenian: Ղարս (Ġars)

Northeast Anatolia
Northeast Anatolia#English

Kars (a city, district, and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


آطنه

Turkish: Adana

From Byzantine Greek Ἄδανα (Ádana), from Ancient Greek.

Adana (a city in Cilicia, Turkey; capital of Adana)


ادرنه

head

اَدِرنه • (Edirne)

ota-proper noun

اَدِرنه • (Edirne)

→ Arabic: أَدِرْنَة (ʔadirna)

→ Azerbaijani: Ədirnə

→ Bashkir: Әдирнә (Ədirnə)

→ Bulgarian: Одрин (Odrin)

desctree

→ Persian: اَدِرنه (aderne)
→ Punjabi: اَدِرْنَہ (adirnah)
→ Urdu: اَدِرْنَہ (adirna)

Turkish: Edirne

English: Edirne

→ Tatar: Әдирнә (Ädirnä)

From Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis, “Adrianople”), from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós, “Hadrian”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”).

der

Ἁδριανούπολις

Edirne (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


واسط

head

واسط • (vasıt)

ota-proper noun

واسط • (vasıt)

Turkish: Vasıt


طاوشانلی

head

طاوشانلی • (Tavşanlı)

ota-proper noun

طاوشانلی • (Tavşanlı)

Turkish: Tavşanlı

From طاوشان (tavşan, “hare”) + ـلو (lu, -lı).

Tavşanlı (a town and district in Kütahya province, Turkey)


لیمان

Azerbaijani: liman

Crimean Tatar: liman

Turkish: liman

→ Armenian: լիման (liman)

→ Greek: λιμάνι (limáni)

→ Romanian: liman

desctree

→ Russian: лима́н (limán)
English: liman

→ Ukrainian: лима́н (lymán)

From Byzantine Greek λιμένιον (liménion), from Ancient Greek λιμήν (limḗn).

estuary, the place where ocean tides and river water merge


كوی

head

كوی • (köy) (definite accusative كویو (köyü), plural كویلر (köyler))

köy (romanization)
كویو (accusative definite)
كویلر (plural)

Turkish: köy

→ Crimean Tatar: köy

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish كُویْ (köy), كُوكْ (köğ). See it for more.

یشیل كوی

Yeşilköy, a neighbourhood in Bakırköy district

countryside, a rural area located outside of towns and cities


مالطه

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


قرتال

Turkish: Kartal

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kạ̄rt- (“falcon, hawk”) and cognate with Azerbaijani qartal. According to Nishanyan, this root has evolved from *kara (“black”).

Kartal (a neighbourhood and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


مرتع

Turkish: merta

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْتَع (martaʕ, “pasture; fertile ground”), from رَتَعَ (rataʕa).

bor+

pasture, an open field on which livestock is kept for feeding


خاصكوی

head

خاصكوی • (Hasköy)

ota-proper noun

خاصكوی • (Hasköy)

Turkish: Hasköy

→ Bulgarian: Хасково (Haskovo)

→ English: Haskovo, Khaskovo

From خاص (has, “special, genuine”) + كوی (köy, “village”), literally “special village”.


سلستره

Turkish: Silistre

Borrowed from Bulgarian Силистра (Silistra).


نیكبولی

head

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

نیگبولی (canonical)
Niğbolu (romanization)

Turkish: Niğbolu

Borrowed from Bulgarian Никопол (Nikopol).


نیكبولی

head

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

ota-proper noun

نیگبولی • (Niğbolu)

Turkish: Niğbolu

From Byzantine Greek Νικόπολις (Nikópolis, “Nicopolis”), from Ancient Greek νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”) named for the Battle of Actium nearby.

bor

(historical) Nicopolis (an ancient city in Greece)


اینبختی

head

اینبختی • (İnebahtı)

Turkish: İnebahtı

From Byzantine Greek Ναύπακτος (Naúpaktos).


لوفجه

لوفجه • (Lofça)

Turkish: Lofça

Derived from Bulgarian Ловеч (Loveč), from Old Church Slavonic ловьчь (lovĭčĭ, “of a hunter”).


طرابلس شام

head

طرابلس شام • (tarâbülüs-i şâm)

ota-proper noun

طرابلس شام • (tarâbülüs-i şâm)

Turkish: Trablusşam

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس الشَّام (ṭarābulus aš-šām).

bor+

طَرَابُلُس الشَّام


طرابلس غرب

Turkish: Trablusgarp

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس الْغَرْب (ṭarābulus al-ḡarb).

طَرَابُلُس الْغَرْب

Coordinate term: طرابلس شام (Tarâbülüs-i Şâm)


اورمان

head

اورمان • (orman) (definite accusative اورمانی (ormanı), plural اورمانلر (ormanlar))

orman (romanization)
اورمانی (accusative definite)
اورمانلر (plural)

Turkish: orman

desc

→ Armenian: օռման (ōṙman) — Constantinople

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *orman (“forest”); cognate with Azerbaijani orman, Bashkir урман (urman), Chuvash вӑрман (vărman), Kazakh орман (orman), Kyrgyz ормон (ormon), Turkmen ormon, Uyghur ئورمان (orman) and Uzbek oʻrmon.

inh+

forest, wood, a dense and uncultivated area of trees and undergrowth


یانیه

Turkish: Yanya

From Greek Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina) of uncertain origin.

Ioannina (a city in the Epirus region, Greece).


فسطاط

Borrowed from Arabic الْفُسْطَاط (al-fusṭāṭ).

bor+

(historical) Fustat (the former capital of Egypt).


كورفز

head

كورفز • (Körfez)

ota-proper noun

كورفز • (Körfez)

Turkish: Körfez

Borrowed from Greek κόρφος (kórfos, “chest, breast”), ultimately from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “chest, breast; gulf”).

der

Körfez (a town and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


كورفز

head

كورفز • (Körfüz)

Turkish: Körfüz

Corfu (an island in the Ionian Islands region, Greece)


ماغوسه

ماغوسه • (Mağusa)

Turkish: Mağusa, Gazimağusa

→ Armenian: Մաղուսա (Maġusa)

Variant of earlier فاماغوسته (Famagosta), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμμόχωστος (Ammókhōstos).


اینوس

اینوس • (inos)

Turkish: Enez

Enez (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


فلبه

Turkish: Filibe

→ Armenian: Ֆիլիպէ (Filipē)

From Latin Philippopolis, itself from Ancient Greek Φιλιππούπολις (Philippoúpolis).

der

Φιλιππούπολις


طاشوز

head

طاشوز • (Taşöz)

Turkish: Taşoz

East Macedonia and Thrace
East Macedonia and Thrace#English

Thasos (an island and town in the East Macedonia and Thrace region, Greece).


خیوه

Turkish: Hive

Khiva (a city in the Xorazm region, Uzbekistan)


اورفه

اورفه • (Urfa)

ota-proper noun

اورفه • (Urfa)

English: Urfa

Turkish: Urfa

Sanliurfa (a province in southeastern Turkey)


مغنیسا

head

مغنیسا • (Mağnisa)

ota-proper noun

مغنیسا • (Mağnisa)

Turkish: Manisa

→ Armenian: Մաղնիսա (Maġnisa)

From Ancient Greek Μᾰγνησῐ́ᾱ (Măgnēsĭ́ā).

Manisa (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


ناصر

head

ناصر • (nâsır) (definite accusative ناصری (nâsırı), plural ناصرلر (nâsırlar))

nâsır (romanization)
ناصری (accusative definite)
ناصرلر (plural)

Turkish: nasır

Borrowed from Arabic نَاصِر (nāṣir, “helper, aide”).

bor+

tributary, affluent, a water stream that flows into a river or other body of water


آنامور

Turkish: Anamur

From Ancient Greek Ἀνεμούριον (Anemoúrion).

Anamur (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


ترخاله

head

ترخاله • (tırhala)

Turkish: Tırhala

desc

→ Armenian: Թրհալա (Tʻrhala), Թըրհալա (Tʻərhala)

Borrowed from Greek Τρίκαλα (Tríkala), from Ancient Greek Τρίκκη (Tríkkē).


آلتای

Turkish: Altay


استانیماقه

Turkish: Stanimaka

From Ancient Greek Στενήμαχος (Stenḗmakhos), the ancient name of Asenovgrad.

Asenovgrad (a town in Plovdiv province, Bulgaria)


بالطه‌لق

head

بالطهلق • (baltalık)

بالطهلق (canonical)
baltalık (romanization)

Turkish: baltalık

From بالطه (balta, “axe, hatchet”) + ـلق (-lık, -luk).

suf

copse, coppice, an area of woodland managed by the periodic cutting of tree stems near ground level


بیغا

Turkish: Biga

→ Armenian: Պիղա (Piġa)

Biga (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


اوتوی

head

اوتوی • (Otöy)

ota-proper noun

اوتوی • (Otöy)

او اوتوى بلبلنك فريادی
چیقمدی کیتدى كوكلدن يادی !

O Otöy bülbülünün feryâdı,
Çıkmadı gitti gönülden yâdı!

Auteuil (a neighbourhood of Paris, France)


بودروم

Turkish: Bodrum

English: Bodrum

→ Armenian: Պօտրում (Pōtrum)

Bodrum (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


آلپلر

Turkish: Alpler

From French Alpe (“Alp”) + ـلر (-ler, plural suffix).


یوقاری آلپ

head

یوقاری آلپ • (Yukarı Alp)

ota-proper noun

یوقاری آلپ • (Yukarı Alp)


آشاغی آلپ

head

آشاغی آلپ • (Aşağı Alp)

ota-proper noun

آشاغی آلپ • (Aşağı Alp)


ساحلی آلپ

head

ساحلی آلپ • (Sâhılî Alp)

ota-proper noun

ساحلی آلپ • (Sâhılî Alp)

Partial calque of French Alpes-Maritimes.

partial calque

Alpes-Maritimes (a department of France)


آغلاسون

head

آغلاسون • (ağlasun)

ota-proper noun

آغلاسون • (ağlasun)

Turkish: Ağlasun

From Ancient Greek Σαγαλασσός (Sagalassós).

Ağlasun (a town and district in Burdur province, Turkey)


لیمه‌سون

لیمهسون (canonical)
Leymesun (romanization)

Turkish: Leymosun

Ultimately from Greek Λεμεσός (Lemesós).


بوردور

Turkish: Burdur

desc

→ Armenian: Բուրդուր (Burdur), Պուրտուր (Purtur)

Probably from Latin Praetōrium, from praetōrium (“headquarters, governor's palace”); alternatively, from a dialectal variant of the phrase "Burada dur." ('Stay here.').

Burdur (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


سیروز

Turkish: Serez

→ Armenian: Սէրէզ (Sērēz)

Borrowed from Greek Σέρρες (Sérres), from Ancient Greek Σίρις (Síris) or Σίρρα (Sírrha).


طوپوق

Turkish: topuk

→ Armenian: թոփուխ (tʻopʻux), թոփուղ (tʻopʻuġ), թոբուխ (tʻobux)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *topïk (“anklebone; heel bone”); cognate with Azerbaijani topuq, Bashkir тубыҡ (tubıq), Kazakh тобық (tobyq), Kyrgyz томук (tomuk), Turkmen topuk, Uyghur توپۇق (topuq), Uzbek topiq and Yakut тобук (tobuk).

inh+

anklebone, talus, astragalus, the bone of the ankle

heel, the rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg

fetlock, the joint between the cannon bone and the pastern

sandbar, a ridge or spit of sand at the mouth of a river


باندرمه

head

باندرمه • (Bandırma)

ota-proper noun

باندرمه • (Bandırma)

Turkish: Bandırma

→ Armenian: Պանտըրմա (Pantərma)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”), because of the good natural harbor.

Bandırma (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


بارطین

head

بارطین • (bartın)

Turkish: Bartın
→ English: Bartın

From Ancient Greek Παρθένιος (Parthénios).

Bartın (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


یوقاری پیرنه

یوقاری پیرنه • (Yukarı Pirene)

ota-proper noun

یوقاری پیرنه • (Yukarı Pirene)

Partial calque of French Hautes-Pyrénées.

partial calque

Hautes-Pyrénées (a department of France)


شرقی پیرنه

head

شرقی پیرنه • (Şarkî Pirene)

ota-proper noun

شرقی پیرنه • (Şarkî Pirene)

Partial calque of French Pyrénées-Orientales.

partial calque

Pyrénées-Orientales (a department of France)


آشاغی پیرنه

head

آشاغی پیرنه • (Aşağı Pirene)

ota-proper noun

آشاغی پیرنه • (Aşağı Pirene)

Partial calque of French Basses-Pyrénées.

partial calque

Basses-Pyrénées (a department of France)


پیرنه

Turkish: Pirene


پیرنه‌لر

پیرنهلر (canonical)
Pireneler (romanization)

Turkish: Pireneler

From French Pyrénée (“Pyrenee”) + ـلر (-ler, plural suffix).


چناق قلعه

head

چناق قلعه • (Çanak Kalʼe)

ota-proper noun

چناق قلعه • (Çanak Kalʼe)

Turkish: Çanakkale
→ English: Çanakkale

From چناق (çanak, “earthenware pot, bowl”) + قلعه (kalʼe, “fortress”), so named from the great manufacture of coarse earthenware carried on in and around the town.

Çanakkale (a city and province in the West Marmara region, Turkey)


وانده

Turkish: Vande


اومورفو

head

اومورفو • (Omorfo)

Turkish: Omorfo


اروند

Elvend (a mountain in Iran, near Hamadan)


آماصره

Turkish: Amasra

→ Armenian: Ամասրա (Amasra)

Amasra (a town and district in Bartın province, Turkey)


خلاش

خلاش • (hilaş)

Borrowed from Persian خلاش (xalâš, “bog, swamp, marsh”).

bor+

swamp, marsh, bog, quagmire, an area of low and wet land

(figuratively) hubbub, clamor, outcry, an expression of dissatisfaction or discontent


مغله

head

مغله • (Muğla)

Turkish: Muğla

→ Armenian: Մուղլա (Muġla)

Muğla (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


درامه

درامه • (Dırama)

Turkish: Dırama

→ Armenian: Տրամա (Trama)

Borrowed from Greek Δράμα (Dráma), from Ancient Greek Ὑδράμα (Hudráma).

Drama (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


صبانجه

Turkish: Sapanca

→ Armenian: Սապանճա (Sapanča)

Sapanca (a town and district in Sakarya province, Turkey)


چناقجی

چناقجی • (Çanakcı)

ota-proper noun

چناقجی • (Çanakcı)

Turkish: Çanakçı

From چناق (çanak, “earthenware pot, bowl”) + ـجی (-cı, -ci, occupational suffix).

suffix

Çanakçı (a town and district in Giresun province, Turkey)


قیصری

Turkish: Kayseri

From Byzantine Greek Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia), from Latin Caesarea, from Caesar + -ēa in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus. Doublet of قیساریه.

Kayseri (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


اوسكوب

head

اوسكوب • (üsküb)

Turkish: Üsküp

→ Armenian: Իւսկիւպ (Iwskiwp)

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


بولوادین

Turkish: Bolvadin

From Ancient Greek Πολύβοτον (Polúboton).

Bolvadin (a town and district in Afyonkarahisar province, Turkey)


كیره‌سون

گیرهسون (canonical)
Giresun (romanization)

Turkish: Giresun

→ English: Giresun

desc

→ Armenian: Կիրէսուն (Kirēsun), Քիրէսուն (Kʻirēsun)

Giresun (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


قسطمونی

Turkish: Kastamonu

From Greek Κασταμονή (Kastamoní), contracted form of Κάστρα Κωμνηνών (Kástra Komninón, “castle of the Comneni”).

Kastamonu (a city and province in the Black Sea region, Turkey)


ناصره

head

ناصره • (Nâsıra)

ota-proper noun

ناصره • (Nâsıra)

Turkish: Nasıra

Borrowed from Arabic النَّاصِرَة (an-nāṣira).


كیرنه

Turkish: Girne

→ Armenian: Կիրնէ (Kirnē)


شابخانه

head

شابخانه • (şabhane)

ota-proper noun

شابخانه • (şabhane)

Turkish: Şaphane

A compound of شاب (şab, “alum”) + خانه (hâne, “place”).

com

Şaphane (a town and district in Kütahya province, Turkey)


برغمه

Turkish: Bergama

→ Armenian: Պէրկամա (Pērkama)

Bergama (a town and district in İzmir province, Turkey)


ملاطیه

Turkish: Malatya

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μελιτηνή (Melitēnḗ).

Malatya (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


كلنار

head

گلنار • (Gülnar)

ota-proper noun

گلنار • (Gülnar)

Turkish: Gülnar

desc

→ Armenian: Կիւլնար (Kiwlnar), ⇒ Կյուլնարյան (Kyulnaryan)

Borrowed from Persian گلنار (gol-nâr), a compound of گل (gol, “rose”) + نار (nâr, “pomegranate”). By surface analysis, گل (gül) + نار (nar).

surf

Gülnar (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


كاغدخانه

head

كاغدخانه • (kâğıdhane)

ota-proper noun

كاغدخانه • (kâğıdhane)

Turkish: Kâğıthane

A compound of كاغد (kâğıd, “paper”) + خانه (hâne, “place”).

com

Kâğıthane (a neighbourhood and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


اغریبوز

head

اغریبوز • (Eğriboz)

Turkish: Eğriboz

desc

→ Armenian: Էյրիպօզ (Ēyripōz), Էղրիպօզ (Ēġripōz)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Εὔρῑπος (Eúrīpos), the name of the strait that separates Euboea and Boeotia.

Euboea (an island off the eastern coast of Boeotia, Greece).


بالیه

Turkish: Balya

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πᾰλαιᾱ́ (pălaiā́), the feminine inflection of πᾰλαιός (pălaiós, “old, ancient”).

Balya (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


باطمان

Turkish: Batman

Replaced historical ایلوح (iluh) (from Northern Kurdish Êlih, a variation of eylo (“eagle”) according to Nişanyan), from the name of the local Batman River, which is a preserved and earlier version of Northern Kurdish Mala Badî (“House of Badh”) (compare the Malabadi Bridge, which is over this river). Ultimately from the name of the Marwanid House of Badh ibn Dustak. Equivalent to baz + mal.

cog

(historical)

Batman (a city, district, and province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey)

Badh ibn Dustak
Batman River
Malabadi Bridge
Marwanid


هندستان

Turkish: Hindistan


كوملجنه

head

گوملجنه • (Gümülcine)

گوملجنه (canonical)
Gümülcine (romanization)

Turkish: Gümülcine

→ Armenian: Կիւմիւլճինէ (Kiwmiwlčinē)

From Greek Κουμουτζηνά (Koumoutziná), older form of Κομοτηνή (Komotiní).

Komotini (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeast Greece)


كلیبولی

گلیبولی (canonical)
Gelibolu (romanization)

Turkish: Gelibolu
→ English: Gelibolu

→ Armenian: Կէլիպօլու (Kēlipōlu)

From Byzantine Greek Καλλίπολις (Kallípolis, “City of Beauty”).

der

Gallipoli (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


كوتاهیه

head

كوتاهیه • (Kütahya)

Turkish: Kütahya

→ Armenian: Քյութահյա (Kʻyutʻahya)

Kütahya (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


اسكچه

اسكچه • (İskeçe)

Turkish: İskeçe

desc

→ Armenian: Իսքէչէ (Iskʻēčʻē), ⇒ Իսքեճյան (Iskʻečyan)

Xanthi (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeast Greece)


آرسین

Turkish: Arsin

Arsin (a town and district in Trabzon province, Turkey)


ماردین

Turkish: Mardin

Ultimately from Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܝܢ (mardīn, merdīn).

Mardin (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


اوخری

head

اوخری • (Ohri)

Turkish: Ohri

Ultimately from Macedonian Охрид (Ohrid).

Ohrid (a city in southwestern North Macedonia)


اور طشره‌سی

اور طشرهسی • (Or Taşrası)

اور طشرهسی (canonical)
Or Taşrası (romanization)

Calque of Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina), analyzed as اور (or, “fence, wall”) + طشره (taşra, “outer, exterior”).

compound

Ukraine (a historical region in Eastern Europe, surrounding the modern country of Ukraine)


اوقرانیا

head

اوقرانیا • (Ukrania)


اینه‌بولی

اینهبولی • (inebolu)

ota-proper noun

اینهبولی • (inebolu)

اینهبولی (canonical)
inebolu (romanization)

Turkish: İnebolu

→ Armenian: Ինէպօլու (Inēpōlu)

From Ancient Greek Ἰωνόπολῐς (Iōnópolĭs).

İnebolu (a town and district in Kastamonu province, Turkey)


ایپصاله

head

ایپصاله • (İpsala)

ota-proper noun

ایپصاله • (İpsala)

Turkish: İpsala

desc

→ Armenian: Իփսալա (Ipʻsala), Իբսալա (Ibsala)

From Greek Ύψαλα (Ýpsala), from Ancient Greek Κύψελα (Kúpsela).

İpsala (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


زونغولداق

Turkish: Zonguldak

From Ancient Greek Σανδαράκη (Sandarákē), from σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη (săndărắkē, “realgar”), because of the realgar mines that were present in this province.

West Black Sea region
West Black Sea region#English

Zonguldak (a city, district, and province in West Black Sea region, Turkey)


اشقودره

head

اشقودره • (İşkodra)

Turkish: İşkodra

Shkodër (a city in northwestern Albania)


ادرمید

Turkish: Edremit

→ Armenian: Էտրէմիտ (Ētrēmit)

From Ancient Greek Ἀδραμύττιον (Adramúttion).

Edremit (a town and district in Balıkesir province, Turkey)


ادرمید

Turkish: Edremit

Edremit (a town and district in Van province, Turkey)


تكیر طاغ

تكیر طاغ • (tekir dağ)

ota-proper noun

تكیر طاغ • (tekir dağ)

Turkish: Tekirdağ

desc

→ Armenian: Թեքիրդաղ (Tʻekʻirdaġ), Թէքիրտաղ (Tʻēkʻirtaġ)

Morphologically from تكیر (tekir, “brindled, tabby”) + طاغ (dağ, “mountain”), but this is just a corrupted form of the earlier name تكفور طاغی (Tekfur Dağı), from تكفور (tekfur, “a Christian bey in Thrace”) + طاغ (dağ, “mountain”). Before the 18ᵗʰ century this city was known as ردوسجق (rodoscuk).

(historical)

Tekirdağ (a city, district, and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


نوبه

Borrowed from Arabic النُّوبَة (an-nūba).


كسریه

Turkish: Kesriye

Kastoria (a city in the West Macedonia region, Greece).


سلفكه

Turkish: Silifke

English: Silifke

→ Armenian: Սիլիֆքէ (Silifkʻē)

From Byzantine Greek Σελεύκεια (Seleúkeia), q.v., after the shift of υ (u) to a pronunciation as /f/.

Silifke (a town and district in Mersin province, Turkey)


فلمنك

Turkish: Felemenk

desc

→ Armenian: Ֆէլէմէնկ (Fēlēmēnk), ֆէլէմէնկ (fēlēmēnk)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)

فلمنكلی

of or relating to the Netherlands; a Dutchperson


آولونیه

Turkish: Avlonya

→ Armenian: Ավլոնիա (Avlonia)

From Greek Αυλώνας (Avlónas), itself from Ancient Greek Αὐλών (Aulṓn).


آرتوین

Turkish: Artvin

Artvin (a city and province in the East Black Sea region, Turkey)


استانكوی

head

استانكوی • (istanköy)

Turkish: İstanköy

→ Armenian: Իսթանքէօյ (Istʻankʻēōy)

From a reinterpretation of the Greek expression εις την Κω, which means to Kos. The proper noun was probably influenced by other placenames such as استانبول (istanbul) and by the noun كوی (köy, “village; settlement”).

Kos (a town and island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


ترمه

Turkish: Terme

Terme (a town and district in Samsun province, Turkey)


دوزجه

دوزجه • (düzce)

Turkish: Düzce

→ Armenian: Տիւզճէ (Tiwzčē)

Düzce (a city, district, and province in the East Marmara region, Turkey)


ویدین

Turkish: Vidin


فنیكه

Turkish: Finike

→ Armenian: Ֆինիքէ (Finikʻē)

Finike (a town and district in Antalya province, Turkey)


توقاد

Turkish: Tokat

→ Armenian: Թոխաթ (Tʻoxatʻ)

From Ancient Greek Δόκεια (Dókeia) or Εὐδόκεια (Eudókeia).

Tokat (a city and province in the West Black Sea region, Turkey)


غلوس

Turkish: Golos


دریكلك

دریڭلك (canonical)
deriñlik (romanization)

Turkish: derinlik

From دریڭ (deriñ, “deep”) + ـلك (-lik, lük, “-ness, -ship, -hood”).

suf

profundity, abstruseness, the property of being abstruse


قرامان

Turkish: Karaman

→⇒ Armenian: Քարամանյան (Kʻaramanyan)

Karaman Bey
Karamanid
tr:Index Anatolicus

The city owes its name to Karaman Bey, one of the rulers of the Karamanid dynasty, which ruled over South-Central Anatolia. The former name of the city was لارنده (larende)

(obsolete)

Karaman (a city, district, and province in the West Anatolia region, Turkey)


آراقلی

head

آراقلی • (Araklı)

ota-proper noun

آراقلی • (Araklı)

Turkish: Araklı

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια (Hērákleia). Doublet of ارگلی (Ereğli).

Araklı (a town and district in Trabzon province, Turkey)


لفقوشه

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لفقوشه • (Lefkoşa)

Turkish: Lefkoşa

→ Armenian: Լէֆքօշա (Lēfkʻōša)

From Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), q.v.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


دادجه

Turkish: Datça

From earlier دادیه (Dadya), itself from Ancient Greek Στάδια (Stádia).

Datça (a town and district in Muğla province, Turkey)


صومه

Turkish: Soma

Soma (a town and district in Manisa province, Turkey)


حطای

Turkish: Hatay

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia). Doublet of انطاكیه (Antâkiye).

Hatay (a province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


آندیره

آندیره • (andıra)

Turkish: Andire

Andros (an island in the Cyclades, Greece).


نصیبین

Turkish: Nusaybin

Borrowed from Arabic نُصَيْبِين (nuṣaybīn), itself from Classical Syriac ܢܨܝܒܝܢ (nəṣīḇīn).

bor+

Nusaybin (a town and district in Mardin province, Turkey)


دراچ

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دراچ • (Duraç)

Turkish: Dıraç

From Albanian Durrës, from Latin Dyrrhachium, itself from Ancient Greek Δυρράχιον (Durrhákhion).


پندیك

Turkish: Pendik

desc

→ Armenian: Փէնտիկ (Pʻēntik), Փէնտիք (Pʻēntikʻ)

From Byzantine Greek Παντίκιον (Pantíkion), probably a corrupted form of Ancient Greek Πεντατείχιον (Pentateíkhion), a compound of πέντε (pénte, “five”) + τειχίον (teikhíon, “wall”).

der

Πεντατείχιον

Pendik (a town and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


یالوه

Turkish: Yalova

→ Armenian: Եալօվա (Ealōva)

This city was previously known as یالاق آباد (yalak âbâd), from یالاق (yalak, “trough”) + آباد (âbâd, “prosperous”). The current name appeared only in the 18ᵗʰ century and is assumed to be a contraction of یالی (yalı, “shore, strand, beach”) and اوا (ova, “plain, lowland”).

(obsolete)

Yalova (a city, district, and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


قواله

Turkish: Kavala

→ Armenian: Գավալա (Gavala)

Kavala (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


اركلی

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ارگلی • (Ereğli)

ota-proper noun

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

Turkish: Ereğli

→ Armenian: Էրէյլի (Ērēyli)

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια (Hērákleia), which replaced the older name of the site, that was Κῠ́βῐστρᾰ (Kŭ́bĭstră). Doublet of آراقلی (Araklı).
This town was previously known also as قرامان ارگلیسی (Karaman Ereğlisi) or قونیه ارگلیسی (Konya Ereğlisi) to distinguish it from other places with the same name.

Ereğli (a town and district in Konya province, Turkey)


اركلی

head

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

ota-proper noun

ارگلی • (Ereğli)

Turkish: Ereğli

→ Armenian: Էրէյլի (Ērēyli)

From Ancient Greek Ἡράκλεια Ποντική (Hērákleia Pontikḗ), a city state founded by colonists from Megara, in Greece. The town was previously known also as بندرگلی (Bendereğli), from Byzantine Greek Ποντοηράκλεια (Pontoērákleia), a variant of the original Greek name.

der

Ἡράκλεια Ποντική

Ποντοηράκλεια

(obsolete)

Ereğli (a town and district in Zonguldak province, Turkey)


قرقلر ایلی

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قرقلر ایلی • (kırklar eli)

ota-proper noun

قرقلر ایلی • (kırklar eli)

Turkish: Kırklareli

Morphologically from قرقلر (kırklar, “forties”) + ایل (il, el, “country; tribe, nation”), but this is just a corrupted form of the earlier name قرق كلیسا (kırk kilise, literally “40 Churches”), probably in honor of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, which were quite popular among the Christian population in Anatolia.

(obsolete)

Kırklareli (a city and province in West Marmara region, Turkey)


بورغاز

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بورغاز • (Burğaz)

Turkish: Burgaz

→ Armenian: Պուրկազ (Purkaz)

From Ancient Greek Πύργος (Púrgos), from πῠ́ργος (pŭ́rgos, “watchtower”).


تیره‌بولی

تیرهبولی (canonical)
Tirebolu (romanization)

Turkish: Tirebolu

English: Tirebolu

→ Armenian: Թիրէպօլու (Tʻirēpōlu)

From Byzantine Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis), from Ancient Greek τρῐ- (trĭ-, “tri-: three”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”). Doublet of طرابلس.

der

Tirebolu (a town and district in Giresun province, Turkey)


مدللی

Turkish: Midilli

→ Armenian: Միտիլլի (Mitilli)

From Ancient Greek Μῠτῐλήνη (Mŭtĭlḗnē), which referred both to the island of Lesbos and its main city Mytilene. The relation between the name of the island and the breed of small horses is unclear.

Lesbos (an island in the North Aegean region, Greece).

Mytilene (a city in the island of Lesbos, Greece).


اوسكدار

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اوسكدار • (üsküdar)

ota-proper noun

اوسكدار • (üsküdar)

Turkish: Üsküdar

→ Armenian: Ուսկյուդար (Uskyudar)

→ Kyrgyz: Үскүдар (Üsküdar)

From Byzantine Greek Σκουτάριον (Skoutárion), perhaps from Latin scūtārium, accusative of scūtārius (“guard armed with a shield”); however, Nishanyan does not rule out a derivation from Persian [script needed] (üsküdâr, “messenger station”). This city was originally called Χρῡσόπολῐς (Khrūsópolĭs) by the Ancient Greeks, a compound of χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

der

Üsküdar (a city and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)


كلیس

Turkish: Kilis

Kilis (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia region, Turkey)


مسینه

Borrowed from Italian Messina (“a city in Sicily”).


چركسستان

head

چَركَسِستان • (Çerkesistan)

ota-proper noun

چَركَسِستان • (Çerkesistan)

چَركَسِستان (canonical)
Çerkesistan (romanization)

Turkish: Çerkezistan

→ Armenian: Չէրքէզիստան (Čʻērkʻēzistan)


سرای بوسنه

Turkish: Saraybosna

From سرای (saray, “house, mansion, palace”) + بوسنه (bosna, “Bosnia”).

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


ویزه

Turkish: Vize

From Ancient Greek Βιζύη (Bizúē), the ancient capital of the Asti tribe. The name propably shares the same Thracian root of other placenames like Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon) and Βῑσᾰ́νθη (Bīsắnthē).

Vize (a town and district in Kırklareli province, Turkey)


عثمانیه

Turkish: Osmaniye

From عثمان (ʿosman, “Osman”) + ـیه (-iye). During the Ottoman period the city was known as جبل بركت (cebel-i bereket).

Osmaniye (a city and province in the Mediterranean region, Turkey)


حران

Turkish: Harran

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَّان (ḥarrān). This town was known as Carrhae in antiquity.

Harran (a town and district in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey)


دده آغاچ

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دده آغاچ • (dede ağaç)

ota-proper noun

دده آغاچ • (dede ağaç)

Turkish: Dedeağaç

→ Armenian: Տէտէաղաճ (Tētēaġač)

→ Bulgarian: Дедеагач (Dedeagač)

→ Greek: Δεδεαγάτς (Dedeagáts)

From دده (dede, “grandfather; old man”) + آغاچ (ağaç), variant of آغاج (ağac, “tree”). The name supposedly comes from an old, wise man who was buried under the shade of a tree.

Alexandroupoli (a city in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


آرسوز

Turkish: Arsuz

→ Armenian: Արսուզ (Arsuz)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥῶσος (Rhôsos).

Arsuz (a town and district in Hatay province, Turkey)


آردهان

Turkish: Ardahan

Ardahan (a city and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


افلاق

Turkish: Eflak

From Old Church Slavonic влахъ m (vlaxŭ, “a Roman; a Vlach”), from Proto-Slavic *vòlxъ m (“a Roman”) ultimately from Proto-Germanic *walhaz m (“a non-Germanic foreigner, aCelt; later a Roman”).

der

Wallachia, a former principality in Eastern Europe, now part of South Romania.


كبزه

Turkish: Gebze

Hannibal
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
tr:Index Anatolicus

From earlier ككبوزه (geğbüze, gekbüze), vulgarized form of Byzantine Greek τὰ Κίβυζα (tà Kíbuza), perhaps a corruption of the original Ancient Greek name Λῐ́βῠσσᾰ (Lĭ́bŭssă). This city was celebrated in antiquity as the place containing the tomb of Hannibal, which was rebuilt by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Gebze (a city and district in Kocaeli province, Turkey)


بیله‌جك

بیلهجك (canonical)
bilecik (romanization)

Turkish: Bilecik

→ Armenian: Պիլէճիք (Pilēčikʻ)

An evolution of the original Byzantine Greek name Βηλοκώμη (Bēlokṓmē), probably a compound of Bulgarian бял (bjal, “white”) + -о- + Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”). It should be assumed that this was one of the Serbian settlements in this region, since the original Greek name would have produced a form like Vilegüme or Veligöme in Turkish.

Bilecik (a city and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


قاشوط

head

قاشوط • (kaşot)

Turkish: Kaşot

Kassos (an island in the Dodecanese, Greece).


مدیاد

Turkish: Midyat

Borrowed from Northern Kurdish Midyad, itself from Classical Syriac ܡܕܝܕ (mëḏyaḏ).

Midyat (a town and district in Mardin province, Turkey)


آفیون قره حصار

Turkish: Afyonkarahisar

Morphologically from آفیون (afyon, “opium”) + قره (kara, “black”) + حصار (hisar, “fortress, stronghold”). In the medieval times the city was named قره حصار (kara hisar) after the ancient fortress situated upon a volcanic rock above the settlement and subsequently renamed قره حصار صاحب (kara hisar-ı sahib) after the city was conquered by the Persian vizier Sâhib Ata. The origin of the name آفیون (afyon) is unclear: it could derive from the Ancient Greek name for the settlement, Ἀκροϊνόν (Akroïnón), through deformation.

(obsolete)

Afyonkarahisar (a city and province in the Aegean region, Turkey)


سمندره

Turkish: Semendire


صاصون

Turkish: Sason

Borrowed from Armenian Սասուն (Sasun). The town was formerly known as قابلجواز (kabilcevaz).

(obsolete)

Sason (a town and district in Batman province, Turkey)


حكاری

Turkish: Hakkâri

The toponym probably derives from the name of a tribe that settled in this place in the 13th century. The city was previously known as چولهمرك (çölemerik).

(obsolete)

Hakkâri (a city and province in Central East Anatolia, Turkey)


لیوادیه

لیوادیه • (livâdiye)

Turkish: Livadya

Borrowed from Greek Λιβαδειά (Livadeiá).


آندرین

آندرین • (andırın)

ota-proper noun

آندرین • (andırın)

Turkish: Andırın

→ Armenian: Անտըրըն (Antərən)

It is recorded in Byzantine Greek as Ανδρείον (Andreíon), because this was the site of the tomb of Andrew Stratelates, who was martyred in this region.

Andırın (a town and district in Kahramanmaraş province, Turkey)


نوشهر

Turkish: Nevşehir

Compound of نو (nev, “new”) + شهر (şehir, “city”), a calque of Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), the ancient name of the city. After the conquest of the Ottomans, the place was renamed مشغره (muşgara), perhaps from Greek μοσχάρι (moschári, “calf”).

calque

(obsolete)

Nevşehir (a city and province in Central Anatolia, Turkey)


ازوورنیك

Turkish: İzvornik

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Zvornik/Зворник.

Zvornik (a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina).


خیره‌بولی

خیرهبولی (canonical)
hayrabolu (romanization)

Turkish: Hayrabolu

→ Armenian: Հայրապօլու (Hayrapōlu)

Hayrabolu (a town and district in Tekirdağ province, Turkey)


قوجه ایلی

head

قوجه ایلی • (koca eli)

ota-proper noun

قوجه ایلی • (koca eli)

Turkish: Kocaeli

Morphologically from قوجه (koca, “big, large; elder, chief, husband”) + ایل (el, “nation, territory”), but the first part takes its name from Akça Koca, the Ottoman leader who conquered this territory from the Byzantine empire in the 14th century.

Kocaeli (a province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


سمادیرك

Turkish: Semadirek

From Byzantine Greek Σαμοθρᾴκη (Samothrā́ikē), from Ancient Greek Σᾰ́μος (Sắmos, “Samos”) + Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē, “Thrace”), from the island's early Greek colonizers and the general ancient territory in which it lay.

der

Samothrace (an island in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece).


كشان

head

كشان • (keşan)

ota-proper noun

كشان • (keşan)

Turkish: Keşan

Unclear. The town's name is probably related to Ancient Greek κισσός (kissós, “ivy”), a placename found also in Macedonia, perhaps through Greek Κεσσάνη (Kessáni).

unk

Unclear

Keşan (a town and district in Edirne province, Turkey)


قلمبك

Ultimately reportedly from the name of an island in the Indian Ocean. Compare French calambac, calambouc, Spanish calambac, Portuguese calambá, calambaque, Italian calambà, calambucco, Venetan canabuco, all ultimately from Malay kalambaq. For sense 2 compare Albanian kallamboq, Greek καλαμπόκι (kalampóki), Romanian călămbuc, Aromanian cãlãmbuchi.


كموشخانه

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كموشخانه • (gümüşhane)

Turkish: Gümüşhane

→ Armenian: Կիւմիւշխանէ (Kiwmiwšxanē)

desc

Κιουμουσχανά

→ Greek: Κιουμουσχανά (Kioumouschaná)

A compound of كموش (gümüş, “silver”) + خانه (hâne, “place; house”).

com

Gümüşhane (a city and province in East Black Sea region, Turkey)


لاپسكی

Turkish: Lapseki

→ Armenian: Լափսէքի (Lapʻsēkʻi)

From Ancient Greek Λάμψακος (Lámpsakos).

Lapseki (a town and district in Çanakkale province, Turkey)


اسكی شهر

Turkish: Eskişehir

desc

English: Eskisehir, Eskişehir, Eskishehir

From اسكی (eski, “old”) + شهر (şehir, “city”), a name which is documented since the late 15th century. During the Seljuk period, the city was known as سلطان اوڭی (sultan öñü), while during the Greek period this place was known as Δορῠ́λαιον (Dorŭ́laion), whose ruins can be found near the city.

(obsolete)

Eskişehir (a city and province in East Marmara region, Turkey)


كیف

Turkish: Kiyiv


مسیستره

Turkish: Mezistre

From Greek Μυζηθρᾶς (Muzēthrâs), variant of Μυστράς (Mystrás).


آفشین

head

آفشین • (afşin)

ota-proper noun

آفشین • (afşin)

Turkish: Afşin

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀραβισσός (Arabissós), through some intermediate forms like یارپوز (yarpuz) and افسوس (efsus).

Afşin (a town and district in Kahramanmaraş province, Turkey)


میلان شهری

head

میلان شهری • (Milan Şehri)

ota-proper noun

میلان شهری • (Milan Şehri)

Distinguishing the intended sense of میلان.

Synonym of میلان, Milan (a city in Italy)


میلان

From Persian میلان (Milân), ultimately from Italian Milano, from Latin Mediolanum, q.v.

Milan (a city in northern Italy; capital of Lombardy)


جنویز

Synonym of جنوه, Genoa (a port city in northwestern Italy)


لیون شهری

Distinguishing the intended sense of لیون.

Synonym of لیون, Lyon (a city in France)


عنه

Turkish: Ane


آتینا

Turkish: Atina

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai), the plural form of Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē, “Athena”), the goddess.


آزاق

Turkish: Azak


بصره

Turkish: Basra

Basra (a port city in Iraq; former capital of Basra)

(historical) Basra (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)


بنغازی

head

بنغازی • (Bingâzi)

ota-proper noun

بنغازی • (Bingâzi)

Turkish: Bingazi

Apparently from earlier Arabic مرسى بني غازي (“port of ibn Ghazi”) first attested on a 1579 map by Ali al-Sharfi. Possibly a reference to a Muslim holy man Sidi ibn Ghazi. "Ibn Ghazi" itself can literally be translated as "son of the ghazi (warrior)".

der

مرسى بني غازي


بلغراد

Turkish: Belgrad, Belgrat

From Old Church Slavonic Бѣлградъ (Bělgradŭ), from бѣлъ (bělŭ, “white”) + градъ (gradŭ, “fortress, city”), from Proto-Slavic *bělъ and *gordъ. Doublet of برات.


بوده پشته

head

بوده پشته • (Buda Peşte)

ota-proper noun

بوده پشته • (Buda Peşte)

Turkish: Budapeşte

Ultimately from Hungarian Buda and Pest.


جزائر غرب

Distinguishing this place from the al-Jazira region of Ottoman Iraq.

Synonym of جزائر, Algiers (the capital of Algeria)


شام شریف

head

شام شریف • (Şam-i Şerif)

ota-proper noun

شام شریف • (Şam-i Şerif)

Distinguishing the intended sense of شام (Şam)

Synonym of شام, Damascus (the capital of Syria)


دوبره‌وندیك

دوبرهوندیك (canonical)
Dobravenedik (romanization)

From Serbo-Croatian Ду̀бро̄внӣк (Dùbrōvnīk) under influence from Ottoman Turkish وندیك (Venedik, “Venice”).


افس

Turkish: Efes

From Byzantine Greek Ἔφεσος (Éphesos), possibly a pre-Greek word with Hittite connections.

(historical) Ephesus (a former city in western Anatolia, Turkey)

(inexact) Synonym of سلچوق (Selçuk), nearby city in Turkey


فاماغوسته

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμμόχωστος (Ammókhōstos).

Synonym of ماغوسه, Famagusta (a city in Cyprus)


ادسه

(historical) Edessa (a city in southeastern Turkey), the modern Urfa


فئودوسیه

Turkish: Feodosiya, Feodosya

From Byzantine Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía, “Place Given by God/the Gods”).

der

Synonym of كفه, Feodosia (a city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but de facto part of Russia)


فیلادلفیا

Turkish: Filedelfiya

From English Philadelphia and Byzantine Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia), from Ancient Greek φιλάδελφος (philádelphos, “brother/sibling-loving”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming placenames”), from the combining form of φῐλέειν (phĭléein, “to love”) + ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother, sibling”).

(historical) Former name of عمان (Amman), Amman (the capital of Jordan)

(historical) Former name of آلاشهر (Alaşehir), Alasehir (a city in Turkey)

Philadelphia (a city in Pennsylvania, United States)


كوردوس

head

كوردوس • (Gördüs)

ota-proper noun

كوردوس • (Gördüs)

Turkish: Gördüs

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos). Doublet of قوریتوس.

(historical) Corinth (an ancient city in Greece)


فیومه

From Italian Fiume, from Latin Flumen, from flumen (“river”).

(historical) Fiume (a former city in Italy), now Rijeka (a city in Croatia)


حبرون

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


اسپالتو

head

اسپالتو • (İspalato)

ota-proper noun

اسپالتو • (İspalato)


اسكندریه

Turkish: İskenderiye

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya). Doublet of اسكندرون (iskenderun).

bor+

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


اسكندرون

Turkish: İskenderun

English: Iskenderun

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرُون (al-ʔiskandarūn), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia, “Alexandria”), from Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros, “Alexander”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”) in reference to Alexander the Great of Macedonia. Doublet of اسكندریه.

الْإِسْكَنْدَرُون


قارتاجه

Turkish: Kartaca

Ultimately from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt, literally “New City”).

(historical) Carthage (a former city in Tunisia)

(historical) Carthage (a historical polity in North Africa)


ازنیق

head

ازنیق • (İznik)

ota-proper noun

ازنیق • (İznik)

Turkish: İznik

English: Iznik

From Byzantine Greek Νίκαια (Níkaia), named after Nicaea, wife of Lysimachus, from Ancient Greek νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, “-ia: forming feminine names”).

Iznik (a town and district in Bursa province, Turkey)


كفه

Turkish: Kefe


قیساریه

Turkish: Kayserya

From Arabic قَيْسارِيّة (qaysāriyya) and Byzantine Greek Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia), from Latin Caesarea, from Caesar + -ēa (“-ia: forming place names”) on the pattern of Alexandrea etc. and in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus. Doublet of قیصری.


قوریتوس

From Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos, “Corinth”). Doublet of كوردوس.


مكه

Turkish: Mekke


مكه مكرمه

مكۀ مكرمه (canonical)
Mekke-i Mükerreme (romanization)

Borrowed from Arabic مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة (makka l-mukarrama).

bor+

مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة

Synonym of مكه: Mecca (a city in Saudi Arabia)


موره

Turkish: Mora

From Byzantine Greek Μορέας (Moréas) and Μωριάς (Mōriás), from μορέα (moréa, “mulberry”) either from its presence in the area or from a supposed resemblance of the shape of the Peloponnese to its leaves, used in sericulture.


نیقوپولس

(historical) Synonym of عمواس, Emmaus (a former city in the West Bank, Palestine)


پره‌وزه

پرهوزه (canonical)
Preveze (romanization)

Turkish: Preveze

From Byzantine Greek Πρέβεζα (Prébeza), from Albanian prevëzë (“crossing”) or Italian prevesione (“provision, supply”).


عمواس

From Hebrew חמת (ḥammat, “hot spring”) directly or via Byzantine Greek and/or Arabic.

(historical) Emmaus (a former city in the West Bank, Palestine)


صیدا

Turkish: Sayda

Borrowed from Arabic صَيْدَا (ṣaydā), from Classical Syriac ܨܰܝܕ݁ܳܢ (ṣaydon), itself from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn /ṣīdūn/).


لازقیه

Turkish: Lazkiye

Borrowed from Arabic اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya), from Ancient Greek Λαοδίκεια (Laodíkeia), from Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē) + -εια (-eia), the name of numerous Hellenistic cities, generally named after one of many women by the name of Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē).

bor+

اللَّاذِقِيَّة


طبریه

Turkish: Taberiye, Tiberya

Borrowed from Arabic طَبَرِيَّة (ṭabariyya), from Ancient Greek Τῐβερῐᾰ́ς (Tĭberĭắs), from Τῐβέρῐος (Tĭbérĭos) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs), from the name of the Roman emperor Tiberius.

Tiberias (a town on the Sea of Galilee Israel)


نینوه

Turkish: Ninova

Ultimately from Akkadian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 𒀏 (Ninua) and Old Babylonian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 (Ninuwā, “House of Fish”), although the intended sense or religious application of "fish" is unclear.

(historical) Nineveh (an ancient city in Iraq)


اولیمپوس

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اولیمپوس • (Olimpos)

ota-proper noun

اولیمپوس • (Olimpos)

Turkish: Olimpos

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos) of uncertain origin.


سانتورین

From Greek Σαντορίνη (Santoríni), from Medieval Latin Santa Irini (“Saint Irene”), from St Irene as the patron of the parish church at Perissa under the Latin Empire.

der

Santorini (an island in the Cyclades, Greece)


پالرمو

Turkish: Palermo

From Italian Palermo, from Sicilian Palermu, from Arabic بَلَرْم (Balarm), ultimately from Latin Panormus, from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”), apparently because of the good natural harbor.


سابستیه

Turkish: Sebastiye

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Σεβαστεία (Sebasteía), from Σεβαστός (Sebastós) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), from σεβᾰστός (sebăstós, “venerable, august”) used as a calque of Latin Augustus. Doublet of سیواس.

Sebastia (a city in the West Bank, Palestine; former capital of the Kingdom of Israel)


پشته

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پشته • (Peşte)

ota-proper noun

پشته • (Peşte)

Turkish: Peşte

From Hungarian Pest, ultimately from Old Church Slavonic пещь (peštĭ, “furnace, oven”).

der

(historical) Pest (a former city in Hungary), now part of Budapest


اودسه

Ultimately from Russian Одесса (Odessa), from Ancient Greek Ὀδησσός (Odēssós) from a Greek city-state probably located closer to Koshary on the Tylihul.


راغوزه

Turkish: Ragusa

From Italian Ragusa, from Latin Ragusia, probably from Proto-Albanian *rāguša (“grape”).

(historical) Former name of دوبرهوندیك, Dubrovnik (a port city in Croatia)


آغری

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آغری • (ağrı)

Turkish: Ağrı

The name of the city was changed in 1946 and owes its name to Mount Ararat, which is called Ağrı Dağı in Turkish. The city was previously known as قرهكلیسا (karakilise) and قرهكوسه (karaköse), a corrupted form of the former.

(obsolete)

Ağrı (a city and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


آیاسلوغ

آیاسلوغ • (Ayasuluğ)

ota-proper noun

آیاسلوغ • (Ayasuluğ)

From Byzantine Greek Ἅγιος Θεολόγος (Hágios Theológos, “the Holy Theologian”), from its 6th-century basilica dedicated to St John the Theologian, supposed author of the Book of Revelation.

der

Ἅγιος Θεολόγος

(historical) Former name of سلچوق, Selcuk (a city in Turkey)


سلچوق

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سلچوق • (selçuk)

ota-proper noun

سلچوق • (selçuk)

Turkish: Selçuk

Book of Dede Korkut
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Mahmud al-Kashgari

Ultimately from a Proto-Oghuz term attested as Old Anatolian Turkish سلجك (selcuk) in the Dede Korkut and Karakhanid سلجك (selcuk) in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, of uncertain etymology. See Seljuk.

Selcuk (a city in Izmir, Turkey) near the ruins of ancient Ephesus


ایاصـولق

English: Ayasoluk

Turkish: Ayasuluk

(historical) Alternative form of آیاسلوغ, former name of سلچوق, Selcuk (a city in Turkey)


سرفیچه

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سرفیچه • (Serfiçe)

ota-proper noun

سرفیچه • (Serfiçe)

Servia (a city in West Macedonia, in northern Greece)


تیبه

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تیبه • (Tîbe)

ota-proper noun

تیبه • (Tîbe)

(historical) Thebes (a former city in Egypt)


تكریت

English: Tikrit

Turkish: Tikrit


ویانه

Turkish: Viyana

Synonym of بچ (Beç), Vienna (the capital of Austria)


تریبولیچه

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تریبولیچه • (Tripoliçe)

ota-proper noun

تریبولیچه • (Tripoliçe)

From Byzantine Greek Τριπολιτσά (Tripolitsá), probably from Slavic Droboliza.


یكی شهر

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یڭی شهر • (yeñi şehr)

ota-proper noun

یڭی شهر • (yeñi şehr)

یڭی شهر (canonical)
yeñi şehr (romanization)

Turkish: Yenişehir

English: Yenisehir, Yenişehir

From یڭی (yeñi, “new”) + شهر (şehr, “town”). In reference to the Cretan town, a calque of Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”).

calque

Yenisehir (a city in Turkey, near Bursa)

Larissa (a city in Greece; capital of Thessaly)

(historical) Former name of قره جه صو, Karacasu (a city in Turkey, near Denizli)

(historical) Yenisehir (a former town in Turkey, near Beyşehir)


ناسلیچ

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ناسلیچ • (Nasliç)

ota-proper noun

ناسلیچ • (Nasliç)

Turkish: Nasliç

Neapoli (a town in West Macedonia, Greece)


تیران

Turkish: Tiran

From Albanian Tiranë, ultimately from Proto-Albanian *Tūrsanā.


بالیابادره

From Greek Παλαιά Πάτρα (Palaiá Pátra, “Old Patras”), the way Greeks used to call the city in opposition to Νέα Πάτρα (Néa Pátra, “New Patras”), which is now Ypati.

der

Παλαιά Πάτρα


اردل

Turkish: Erdel

Borrowed from Romanian Ardeal, itself from Hungarian Erdély (“Transylvania”), from erdő (“forest”) + elü (“region beyond”).

Transylvania, a mountainous region in western Romania


یمورطالق

Turkish: Yumurtalık

English: Yumurtalik, Yumurtalık

From یومورطه (yumurta, “egg”) + ـلق (-lik, “-like”), the name of a local beach which is probably named after the loggerhead turtles that lay eggs there. During the Ottoman era the town was known as آیاس (ayas), from which Italian Laiazzo.

suffix

(historical)

Yumurtalik (a port town and district in Adana province, Turkey)


بورچقه

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بورچقه • (borçka)

ota-proper noun

بورچقه • (borçka)

Turkish: Borçka

(obsolete)

Borçka (a town and district in Artvin province, Turkey)


ناپولی

Turkish: Napoli

From Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”). Doublet of نابلس and نابل.

Naples (a port city in Campania, in southwestern Italy)


دیاربكر

Turkish: Diyarbakır

From دیار (diyar), plural form of دار (dar, “house; land, country”), + بكر (bekr, bekir, “Banu Bakr, an Arabian tribe”), a name given after the Muslim conquest of the 7th century; before the conquest, the city was known as آمد (âmid) or قره آمد (kara âmid).

(historical)

Diyarbakır (a city and province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey)


لیزبون

Turkish: Lizbon

From French Lisbonne, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


نابل

Turkish: Nebil

From Arabic نابل (Nābil), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”). Doublet of ناپولی and نابلس.


پودغوریچه

podgoriça (romanization)
podgoriçe (romanization)

Turkish: Podgorica

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Pòdgorica / По̀дгорица (literally “under the Gorica”), from pȍd / по̏д (“under”) + Gorica / Горица (“little mountain”), the name of a hill which overlooks the city.

Podgorica (the capital and largest city of Montenegro)


فرنسه

From Venetan Firense and Italian Firenze, from Old Italian Fiorenze, from Latin Flōrentia, from flōrēns (“flowering”) + -ia (“forming place names”).


پوسخوف

Turkish: Posof

Borrowed from Georgian ფოცხოვი (pocxovi), perhaps from earlier ბოცოს ხევი (bocos xevi, “Boco's ravine”), from the personal name ბოცო (boco) + ხევი (xevi, “ravine”). This town is home of an important Meskhetian community.

bor+

Posof (a town and district in Ardahan province, Turkey)


ایغدیر

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ایغدیر • (ığdır)

ota-proper noun

ایغدیر • (ığdır)

Turkish: Iğdır

Iğdır (a city and province in Northeast Anatolia, Turkey)


خانیه

Turkish: Hanya


دیغور

Turkish: Digor

Borrowed from Armenian Տեկոր (Tekor) or Տիկոր (Tikor).

Digor (a town and district in Kars province, Turkey)


بك اوغلی

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بك اوغلی • (bey oğlu)

ota-proper noun

بك اوغلی • (bey oğlu)

Turkish: Beyoğlu

→ Armenian: Պէյօղլու (Pēyōġlu)

Literally, “bey's son”, because an Ottoman prince lived there.

Beyoğlu (a neighborhood and district in Istanbul province, Turkey)