翁

Han script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /öŋ/).

𐽼𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐽴 必失翁祿不思
五色布|tr= pyš ʾwynklwk pwz pjit.syit.ʔuwng.luwk.pjut.si wǔ sé bù

c. 1382, Huǒ Yuán-jié (火原潔) & Mǎ Shā-yì-hēi (馬沙亦黑), Gāochāng guǎn-zá-zì (高昌馆杂字) Pekin manuscript, line 999


بوى

Found in fragmentary Manichaean manuscripts, originally written in Arabic script, not found in modern dictionnaries.
Etymology unknown.
* Perhaps a corrupted form of Proto-Turkic *bodug (“color”), in which case, from Proto-Turkic *bodu- (“to paint”). However, this would yield *بود (bod) in this stage of Old Uyghur instead.
* Or inherited from Proto-Turkic *bod (“color”) (similar to *bod (“stature”)), perhaps the origin of *bodu- (“to paint”), otherwise unattested or lost in any other Turkic language.

Albert von Le Coq
Manichaeism
Turkic language


抗力

Han script variant of 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶 (qʾnkly /ḳaŋlï/).


𐱃𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tı̈̄g (“a dark color”).

inh+

𐱅𐰃𐰍:𐱃𐰀𐰽:𐰢𐰍:𐱅𐰇𐰔𐰠𐰇𐰏:𐰆𐰞
t²iǧ:t¹as¹:mǧ:t²üzl²üg:ul¹

Those reddish-gray stones are selenian in nature.

(Early Uyghur, rare) roan, gray, gray with a reddish hue


𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃

Orkhon Script variant of 𐽷𐽶𐽿𐽶 (kyšy /kiši/).

𐰞𐰃𐰣⸱𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰾 𐰃𐰤⸱𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰔 𐰢𐰑𐰸⸱𐰖𐰣𐰀⸱ 𐱃𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰔𐰆𐰣⸱ 𐰉𐰆𐰽⸱𐰴𐰆𐰪⸱ 𐰆𐱃𐰢𐰃𐰾 𐰆𐰍
l¹in¹⸱kis²is² in²⸱ut¹uz md¹q̊¹⸱y¹n¹a⸱ t¹uq̊¹uzun¹⸱ b¹us¹⸱quń⸱ ut¹mis² uǧ

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 29 (27.l02-l07)

[…] not having lost his son and wife [to a ceremonial game of disembowelment,] instead he won ninety loose sheep.

/[Oġ]lïn kišisin utuzmadoḳ, yana toḳuz-on boš ḳoɲ utmïš. […] /

partner, husband or wife of a relationship


𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽴 (twnkwz /toŋuz/).


𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆

Orkhon script variant of 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽳 (pwzʾqw /buzaġu/).


𐰾𐰤

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽺 (ʾsʾn /esen/).


𐰖𐰺𐰣

y¹r¹n¹ (romanization)
yarïn (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (yʾryn /yarïn/).


𐰛𐰃𐰲𐰀

kiča (romanization)
kéče (romanization)
kiče/ (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽷𐽶𐽽𐽰 (kycʾ /kéče/).


𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kumursga.
Attested only in Ïrḳ Bitig.

𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰏⸱ 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰤⸱𐰋𐰃 𐰲𐰀⸱𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆 𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀⸱𐰘𐰃 𐰢𐰃𐰾⸱𐰴𐰢𐰽 𐰖𐰆⸱𐰆𐰢𐰀𐱃𐰃 𐰣⸱𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰺⸱
üküzüg⸱ b²il²in²⸱b²i ča⸱qumu r¹s¹ǧa⸱y²i mis²⸱qms¹ y¹u⸱umat¹i n¹⸱t¹ur¹ur¹⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 37 (33.l01-07)

An ox was being eaten by ants gnawing around its belly. It stands, without being able to move.

/ […] öküzüg bélin biče ḳumursġa yémiš. Ḳamšayu umatïn turur./


𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲

twywq (romanization)
tuyuġ (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tuńak (“hoof”).

𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 […] 𐾈 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽾𐽶 𐽹𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽴𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽽𐾀𐽶 𐾈

q̈wtwz ʾwykwz […] swyβry mwywzyn yyryk yylkʾp twywqy ʾwyzʾ twprʾq̈ q̈ʾzyp sʾcty

The yak bull churned up the ground with its pointed horns and crushed the earth with its hooves, scattering it.

(zootomy) hoof, nail (of horses, cattle, deer, etc.)


𐰴𐰆𐰍𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kugu (“swan”). Cognate with Karakhanid قُغُو (quɣū, “swan”).


𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴

head

𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴 (t¹ir¹ŋq /tïrŋaḳ/)

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽲 (tyrnkʾq /tïrŋaḳ/).


𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸

ḳudruḳ (romanization)
ḳuduruḳ (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽲 (qwdrwq /ḳudruḳ/).


𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽲 (qwqwrsʾq /ḳuġursaḳ/) with a metathesis of -ġur- > -ruġ- before the antecedent stress. The metathesis may also have been influenced by 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (qwrwq /ḳuruġ/, “dry, empty”) via association.


𐰴𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆𐰣

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽳𐽺 (qwzqwn /ḳuzġun/).


𐰴𐰆𐰽

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽿 (qwš /ḳuš/).


𐰛𐰈𐰤𐰾

kün²s² (romanization)
küneš (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kuńāĺ (“blazing heat of the midday sun”), influenced by 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (kwyn /kün/, “sun”).
Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽿 (qwyʾš /ḳuyaš/).


𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕

head

𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕 (üküz /öküz/)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 (ʾwykwz /öküz/).


𐰖𐰍

Orkhon Script variant of 𐽶𐽰𐽲 (yʾq /yaġ/, “oil, fat”).


𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿

ʾwlwš (romanization)
uluš (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwylmʾk /ül-/, “to share, to allot”) + -𐽶𐽿 (-yš /-uš/), derived from Proto-Turkic *üle-. Compare Western Yugur ulis (“allotment, personal garden, region”), similarly from uliɣi (uli-, “to share, to separate, to allot”).
Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰆𐰞𐱁 (ul¹š /uluš/) and Karakhanid اُلُشْ (/uluš/, “village, city”).

cog

𐼸 […] 𐼰𐼴𐼾𐼴 𐼷𐼴𐼸𐼰𐽀𐼷 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼴 𐼰𐼴𐼹𐼰𐼴𐽁 𐼰𐼻𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼱 𐼼 𐼸𐼻𐽂𐼸𐼰 𐼸𐼹𐽂𐼷 𐽁𐼻𐼾𐼰𐼴𐼱𐼷𐼾𐼰𐼲𐽆𐼷 𐼷𐼹𐼻𐼸𐼰𐼴𐼲𐽆
k […] ʾwpw ywkʾrdy kntw ʾwlʾwš ʾntryβs kntkʾ klty cnpʾwdβypdʾq̣y ylnkʾwq̣
/ […] -upu yügürdi, käntü uluš Antrivas käntkä kälti. Čanbudvipdaḳï yalaŋoḳ […] /
[…] [they] ran [towards there], going back to their own country, to the city of Andhraviṣaya. The people in Jambudvīpa [were] […]

c. early 9th century, Sogdian Buddhist narrative text

ܠܬܐ ܝܐܢܡܐܚܝܢܓ ܐܝܓ […] ܢ ܐܡܝܫܓܝ ܦܘ ܐܘܠܘܫܬܐ ܬܝܟܝܢܓܐ ܐܘܫܐ ܦܘ ܣܐܢܢܓ ܐܢܐܢܓ ܝܫܘܥ ܩܐܢܓ ܐܘܠ ܐܘܠܘܫ ܬܐ ܬܝܟܝ ܐܘܝܠܘܪܬܝܠܐܪ
ltʾ yʾnmʾḥyng ʾyg […] n ʾmyšgy pw ʾwlwštʾ tykyngʾ ʾwš pw sʾnng ʾnʾng yšwʿ qʾng ʾwl ʾwlwš tʾ tkyk ʾwylwrtylʾr

c. 12th century, Tägirmänči Šäbi-kyä (ܬܟܝܪܡܢܨܝ ܫܦܝ ܟܝܐ), Treatise on god and devil U3890.v13-14

[…] in this kingdom [of God], to the prince […] [even] your mother, [and] [our] father Jesus, even in this kingdom they were killed.

/ […] -lta yanmaḥïŋ […] ämišgi bo ulušta, teginkä uša bo sän[i]ŋ anaŋ, İšua Ḳaŋ, [ol] ulušta teki ölürtilär./

𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐾀𐽰 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽴 𐾈


𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺

pwrqʾn (romanization)
Burḥan (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Calque of Sanskrit बुद्धराजा (buddharājā, “Buddha-King”). By surface analysis, *𐽼𐽳𐽾 (*pwr /*bur/, “Buddha”) + 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾn /ḥan, ḳan/, “ruler, Khan”). Compare the variant 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (pwrqʾqʾn /Burḥaġan/), with 𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qʾqʾn /ḳaġan/, “ruler, khagan”) as the second element and Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye (“Buddha”) and its descendants, also with the meaning "King Buddha".
Originally used to translate the Sanskrit term given above, this word underwent semantic evolution with the adoption of Manichaeism among the Uyghurs around the 9th century, coming to mean “prophet”. Later, in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, this word would change again to mean “idolatry” with the advent of Islam, which also coincides with the decline of Old Uyghur as a spoken/written language outside the Gansu region of China.

surf

𐽰𐽻𐾀𐽶 𐾈 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽳𐽻𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽰 𐽶𐽹𐽰 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽰𐽶𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐾀𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽸𐽶 𐾈
ʾsty pwrqʾn q̈wtylyq kwyswsyntʾ ʾʾncʾq̈y ʾ ymʾ tynmʾdyn q̈ylqwlwq̈ ʾysynkʾ ʾrwẍ kwynkwlyn ʾryty ʾʾrmʾdy

c. 9th-10th centuries, Daśakarmapathāvadāanamālā: The tale of King Caṣṭana page 260: U452.44-46 (v08-10)

Buddha; in his desire for the feliticious, without resting for even a moment nor getting tired, cleansed the impure hearts - that is his duty.

/ […] asdï. Burḥan; ḳutïlïġ küsüšinte, anča-ḳya yéme tïnmadïn, ḳïlġuluḳ išiŋe aruḳ[suz] köŋülin arïtï armadï./

(religion, Buddhism) a statue or an image of Buddha

Buddha, Tathāgata
a statue or an image of Buddha

𐫁𐫇𐫡𐫒𐫀𐫗 𐫎𐫏𐫛𐫀𐫗 𐫀𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫔𐫔 𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫞𐫀 𐫀𐫇𐫔𐫇𐫗𐫎𐫇𐫖𐫇𐫉 𐫎𐫀𐫛𐫗𐫎𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡
bwrk̈ʾn ṯypʾn ʾygyδδ nwmqʾ ʾwδwnṯwmwz ṯʾpnṯmz ʾrsʾr

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazénd (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft VII.B 148-149 (lines 7-8)

[And] if we, saying: "[He is a] prophet," should have cherised and believed in a false doctrine […]

/Burḥan tipen, igid nomḳa uduntumuz tapïntïmïz erser […] /

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism) prophet

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽶𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽻𐽸𐽶𐽹 𐽹𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽶𐽺 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐾃𐽸𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽼𐽳 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽽𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾀𐽸𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾂 𐽼𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽶 𐽼𐽳 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽸𐽰𐽷 𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽴𐽹𐽳 𐾈 𐽼𐽶𐾁 […] 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐾀𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈
kwyrmyš ywq ʾysdym mwswrmʾn lʾr ʾwq swyz lʾr lʾr pwdyn kwyrmʾ̣dn ʾryp tnkry nynk pw swyzlʾryq kym cyn ʾšytdy pwrqʾṅ pyqʾmpʾr lʾr nynk yʾrlyq y pw swyz tyn tʾmdʾk ʾrmʾzmw pyl […] lʾr ʾʾmty pylkʾlʾr

c. 14th century, Dialogues between Islam and Buddhism SHT794.09-14 (v09-14)

Having not seen it, those very Muslims always say this: Without seeing the real physical form of the god itself, who [can claim to] have heard the true words of the god? Can [then] the teachings of heathenous prophets be [ever] verified? Wise people, now you know this.

/Körmiš yoḳ, isdim Musurmanlar oḳ sözlerler: Bodïn körmedin erip teŋriniŋ bo sözlerig kim čïn ešitdi? Burḥan-payġambarlarnïŋ yarlïġï bo söztin temdek ermez-mü? Bil[iŋ]ler, amtï bilgeler./

(very rare, religion, Islam) idol, specifically pagan idols; heathen prophets


𐽶𐽳𐾁

ywl (romanization)
yol (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

jol

jolaq

reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes

From Proto-Turkic *yōl (“road, way”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰖𐰆𐰞 (y¹ul¹ /yol/).

阿丁羽林_(名聲)
ʔa.teng.hyuᴴ.lim

c. 1382, Huǒ Yuán-jié (火原潔) & Mǎ Shā-yì-hēi (馬沙亦黑), Gāochāng guǎn-zá-zì (高昌馆杂字) Hrith manuscript, line 1014


𐽶𐽳𐾁

ywl (romanization)
yul (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yul (“stream, brook, fountain”). Cognate with Chuvash çăл (çăl, “water well”), Karakhanid یُولْ (yul, “stream”) and Khakas чул (çul, “mountain stream”).
The variant form 𐽶𐽳𐽳𐾁 (ywwl), written with two waw instead of the expected one is influenced by the highness of the back vowel, /u/, compared to /o/.


𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶

tnkry (romanization)
täŋri (romanization)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋrī (“sky, god”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (täŋri), Karakhanid تَنْكْرٖى (teŋrī).

𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽼𐽾𐽲𐽹𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽴𐽾𐽳𐽰 […] 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶
mqʾprqmy ʾwlwq ʾzrwʾ […] tnkry y
/ […] Maḥabraḥme, uluġ Äzrua […] täŋrii […] /
[…] the great Mahābrahma, the God Ezrua […]

c. 11th century, Darmaruči (𐽸𐽾𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽽), Nom Čäčäki Sudur (法華經) line 108: U3095.10 (line 4, verso)

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 𐽶 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲𐽰 𐽸𐽶 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽼𐽳𐽿𐽶 […] 𐾀𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳
ʾwytwr tnkry tnkrysy pwrqʾn prʾmʾn qʾ ʾyncʾ y yrlyqʾ dy prʾmʾn ʾʾ ʾʾqy pʾrym pwšy […] tʾ yyk ywq qʾzqʾnc pwyʾn ʾdkw

c. 13th-14th centuries, Kamalasiri (𐽷𐽰𐽹𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶), Ten-čeŋ-vïn-ke (天請問經, Devatāsūtra) U5661.02-04 (lines 2-4, recto)

Then; the Buddha, God of gods, spoke to the Brahmin as follows: O Brahmin! There is nothing better than alms-giving. […]

/Ötrü, Täŋri-täŋrisi Burḥan Bramanḳa ïnča [tep] yarlïḳadï: Braman a! Aġï barïm bušï [bermiš]tä yeg yoḳ. Ḳazġanč buyan ädgü […] /

𐱁⸱𐰉𐰆𐰽𐰆𐰽𐰞 𐰆𐰍⸱𐱅𐰭𐱁𐰃⸱ 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰃𐱃𐰞𐰍⸱
š⸱b¹us¹us¹l¹ uǧ⸱t²ŋši⸱ b¹ul¹it¹l¹ǧ⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 52 (page 45, right side, lines 06-08)


𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀

ywqrwt (romanization)
yoġrut (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

From Proto-Turkic *yogrut (“yogurt”). Cognate with Karakhanid يُغْرُتْ (yoğrut).

(cooking) yogurt, a dairy dish made from curdled milk


𐽰𐽱

head

𐽰𐽱 (ʾβ /äv/)

𐽰𐽱 (ʾβ) (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾβlʾr) (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽷𐽰 (ʾβkʾ) (dative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽷 (ʾβyk) (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐽺𐽶 (ʾβny) (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽸𐽰 (ʾβdʾ) (locative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺 (ʾβyn) (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽱𐽽𐽰 (ʾβcʾ) (equative singular)
𐽰𐽱𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽱𐽾𐽰 (ʾβrʾ) (directive singular)
𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eb (“house”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰋 (b² /äb/) and Karakhanid اَڤْ (äv), اُڤْ (öv). Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Middle Chinese 宿 (sjuwH).

𐽰𐽱 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽷

house and yard; personal possessions; family, household

𐽰𐽱 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽷 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽲

to leave material desires, to become a monk

阿失力傲_(廚房)
ʔa.syit.lik.ngawᴴ_([…])

c. 1382, Huǒ Yuán-jié (火原潔) & Mǎ Shā-yì-hēi (馬沙亦黑), Gāochāng guǎn-zá-zì (高昌馆杂字) Beijing manuscript, line 398

ܐܝܠܝܓܝܢ܂ܐܠܝܦ܂ܐܝܒܝܢܓܟܐ܂ܦܝܪܠܐ܂ ܐܝܠܬܓܝܠ܂ܓܥܨܐܢ܂ܟܝܡ܂ܐܘܠ܂ܨܝܥܐܝ܂ ܢܝ܂ܐܝܒܝܢܓܐ܂ܐܝܠܬܝܦ܂ܦܝܪ܂ܐܝܐܓ܂
ʾylygyn.ʾlyp.ʾybyngkʾ.pyrlʾ. ʾyltgyl.xʾcʾn.kym.ʾwl.cyʿʾy. ny.ʾybyngʾ.ʾyltyp.pyr.ʾyʾx.

c. 14th century, Saint Matthew's Sermon T.01-03 (r01-03)

Take a [pauper] to your house, holding their hand. Whoever brings a pauper into their house, a bowl [of food] […]

/Eligin alïp eviŋkä birlä eltgil. Ḥačan kim ol čïgay- nï eviŋä eltip, bir ayaḥ […] /

𐽲𐽴𐾃𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽵 𐽻𐽰𐽱 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽼 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽻𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽷𐽰𐽽 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽲 𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽰𐽱 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽵 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾃𐽲𐽶𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷
qẓyntʾ mwntʾx sʾβ ʾyšydyp ʾʾyy pwsʾntmʾz ʾltwn kʾc qʾtyq lʾnnk ʾʾβ pʾrx ʾwẓqyʾ pʾšlʾp twrwnk
/ […] [küräg] aġzïnta muntaġ sav ešidip, ayï busantïmaz. Altun [Yäŋ]äč, ḳatïġlanïŋ. Äv barḳ uz-ḳya bašlap turuŋ./
[…] After hearing such news from the [fugitive], we were terribly distressed. Altun Yäŋäč, be strong. Continue to steer the family ship skillfully.

c. 9th century, Silig (𐽻𐾁𐽶𐽷) & Ḳar Čor (𐽲𐽰𐽰𐽾 𐽽𐽳𐽾), A letter of reassurence Pelliot Ouïgour.15, lines 13-14 (recto)

𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷𐽳 𐽼𐽰𐽿 𐽰𐽱 𐾀𐽰 𐾈 𐽷𐽿𐽰𐽹𐽼𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺
w tʾqyl ʾykykw pʾš ʾβ tʾ kšʾmpy kwyn

c. 1328, Ïnal Tämür Taišeŋdu (大乘奴), Yetikän Sudur page 31, line 18 (verso, line 6)

[…] Both inner [and outer] [stars] [coalesce] into the first astronomical mansion, on Sunday […]

/ […] -u taġïl ikigü baš ävta, [Yä]kšämbi kün […] /


𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳

ʾdkw (romanization)
edgü (romanization)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽸 (ʾd /ed/, “goods, riches”) + -𐽷𐽳 (-kw /-kü/, “derivative suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *edgü. Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰓𐰏𐰇 (d²gü /edgü/), Karakhanid اَذْكُو (eδgǖ).

surf

(religion, Buddhism) mark of auspiciousness, Lakshana


𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾

twynkwr (romanization)
tüŋür (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tüŋür (“a relative by marriage”). Cognate with Karakhanid تُنكُرْ (tüŋür), Turkish dünür.

𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽷𐽶𐽰

bridegroom and bride, an endearing and diminutive term used for newlywed couples

co-in-law, a father- or mother-in-law of one's child


𐽰𐽰𐾀

ʾʾt (romanization)
at (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐾀 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āt (“name”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰀𐱃 (āt, “name”), Karakhanid ااتْ (āt, “name”).

fame, reputation, renown
luck, good omen

𐽱𐽰𐽼 𐽲𐽳𐽰 𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽶𐽵 𐽺𐽳𐽹 𐽿𐽰𐽿𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽾

Religious teaching-flower sutra, titled Fap-ḥua-ké (Late Middle Chinese 法華經, /*pɨɐp̚ ɦˠua keŋ/)

(rare) memory
appearance, physical quality


𐽰𐽰𐾀

From Proto-Turkic *at (“horse”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐱃 (at, “horse”), Karakhanid اَتْ (at, “horse”).

𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽶

an endearing term for small children, a unisex honorific title showing endearment

𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲

to mount a son or daughter on a horse for the first time

𐽰𐽰𐾀 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽶

(astrology, time) a year of the horse, seventh year in the twelve-year solar-cycle, corresponding to the horse (馬) of the Chinese zodiac


𐾀𐽰𐽿

tʾš (romanization)
taš (romanization)
𐾀𐽰𐽿 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tāĺ (“stone”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐱁 (taš) and Karakhanid تاشْ (taš).


𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰

qʾyʾ (romanization)
ḳaya (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

From Proto-Common Turkic *kaya (“rock, boulder”). Cognate with Yakut хайа (qaya) and Ottoman Turkish قیا (kaya).

inh

ꡏꡦꡋ
ꡎꡟ
ꡗꡦꡋ
ꡢ
ꡗꡦ
mėn bu yėn q yė
/Men Buyen Ḳye/

c. late 14th century, Buyan Ḳaya (𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽶𐽰), ḥPʻags-pa cave graffiti

(literally, “rock of merit, a male given name”)


𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲𐽳

tʾqyqw (romanization)
taḳïġu (romanization)

From Proto-Turkic *takïgu (“hen, fowl”). Cognate with Karakhanid تَقاغُو (taqāɣū, “domestic fowl”).

cog

𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲𐽳 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽶

(astrology, time) year of the chicken; tenth year in the twelve-year solar-cycle, corresponding to the rooster (雞) of the Chinese zodiac


𐰖𐰀𐰽

Orkhon script variant of 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /yaš/).


𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰃

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽶 (ʾwqry /oġrï/).


𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴

ywltwz (romanization)
yultuz (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Anuradha (nakshatra)
Ardra Nakshatra
Ashlesha
Bharani
Ghost (Chinese constellation)
Hasta
Mrigashīrsha
Nakshatra
Nakshatra#List_of_Nakshatras
Purva Ashadha
Pushya
Sanxing_(deities)#Luxing
Shatabhisha
Shravana
Vishākhā
Ṛṣi

From Proto-Turkic *yulduŕ. Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰖𐰆𐰡𐰔 (y¹ultz /yultuz/).

𐾀𐽳𐾁𐽶𐽰 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴

star sign Libra, eqv. Sanskrit तुला (tulā)


𐰾𐰇𐰔

Orkhon script variant of 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽴 (swyz /söz/).


𐰢𐰍

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽶𐽹𐽲𐽰 (ʾymqʾ /ïmġa/).


𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣

t¹uǧn¹ (romanization)
toġan (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽺 (twqʾn /toġan/).


𐱇

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐾀 (ʾwt /ot/).

𐰞𐰃⸱𐰢𐰤⸱𐱇𐰽 𐰆𐰔⸱𐰽𐰆𐰉𐰽𐰆
l¹i⸱mn²⸱t̥s¹ uz⸱s¹ub¹s¹u

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 45 (39.l07-l08)

[…] I, without grass [to feed on] [and] water [to drink] […]


𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣

Orkhon script variant of 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺 (yylʾn /yïlan/)


𐰲𐰆𐰚

misspelling of *𐰲𐰚𐰚 (*čkk /čekik/) Unknown.

𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰣⸱𐰚𐰚𐰜⸱ 𐱅𐰔𐰚𐰃𐰤⸱𐰉𐰆 𐰞𐱃𐰃⸱𐰲𐰆𐰚⸱ 𐱅𐰃𐰭⸱𐰴𐰆𐱃 𐰞𐰆𐰍⸱𐰉𐰆𐰞 𐰔𐰆𐰣⸱𐱅𐰃𐱁⸱
uǧl¹n¹⸱kkk̥⸱ t²zkin²⸱b¹u l¹t¹i⸱čuk⸱ t²iŋ⸱qut¹ l¹uǧ⸱b¹ul¹ zun¹⸱t²iš⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 23 (23.r02-r07)

A boy found the dung of an eagle. May the flesh of your penis be blessed, so it says.

/Oġlan kekük tezekin bultï, č[eki]k etiŋ ḳutluġ bolzun, té[r]./

(anatomy, hapax legomenon) penis, dick, cock


𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀

Orkhon script variant of 𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (pwqrʾ /buġra/).


𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *in ~ *in-gen (“female camel”). Cognate with Old Kirghiz 𐰃𐰥𐰐𐰥 (in²gn² /ingän/, “female camel”) and Karakhanid اِنْكانْ (ïnğan).

cog

𐰇𐱁𐰇𐰭⸱𐰃𐰤 𐰏𐰤𐰃⸱𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆 𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾⸱𐰞𐱃𐰆
üšüŋ⸱in² gn²i⸱b¹ut¹u l¹amis²⸱l¹t¹u

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 05 (09.l03-04)

Their white she-camel had just given birth to a colt.


𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰃𐰤

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾwyrkwn /örgün/).


𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰

twryʾ (romanization)
turya (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *turńa (“crane”).


𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽰

Borrowed from Sanskrit तूर्य (tūrya, “music”).


𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽳

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”).

𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽲 𐽹𐽶𐾀𐽼𐽰 𐽶𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽶 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽳

Guru Anaṅgavajra (eqv. Tibetan ཡན་ལག་མེད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ (yan lag med pa'i rdo rje))

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaean) guru, spiritual teacher

(religion, Buddhism) a teacher in religious affairs


𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾

dyntʾr (romanization)
dentar (romanization)
dintar (romanization)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼹𐼷𐼻𐼹𐼰𐽀 (δynδʾr), from Middle Persian [script needed] (dyndʾr /dēndār/, “monk, religious man”), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎡𐎴 (d-a-i-n /*daina/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰayHanā- (“religion”).
See also 𐽸𐽶𐽺 (dyn /den/, “religion, Manichaean religious commute”), the first part of the Iranian compound borrowed separately from Sogdian.
Cognate with Turkish dindar (“religious, pious person”).

cog

𐽼𐽾𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽼𐽳𐾀 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Christianity) cleric, pastor, religioner

(religion, Buddhism) monk, cleric, priest

cleric, pastor, religioner
monk, cleric, priest

𐫡𐫍𐫗𐫅 𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫎𐫀𐫡

(religion, Manichaeism) pastor, electus, priest

cleric, pastor, religioner
pastor, electus, priest

ܩܘܪܒܢܐܨܝ ܕܝܢܕܐܪ


𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺

cyntʾn (romanization)
čintan (romanization)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

جِنْدانْ

sandalwood, reddish-bay colored (of horses)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻 (cntn /čantan/), from Middle Chinese 栴檀 (tsyen dan), ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”).

bor+

𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐽳𐽰 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺

Small rivers with the scent of sandalwood and lotuses

(medicine, pharmacology) the aromatic pith and essence procured from such trees, sandalwood oil, sandalwood paste


𐰚𐰃𐰓𐰃𐰔

Orkhon script variant of 𐽷𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽴 (kydyz /kidiz/).

𐰚𐰃𐰓𐰃𐰔𐰃𐰏⸱𐰽𐰆𐰉𐰴𐰀⸱𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰢𐰃𐰾⸱


𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰭𐰇

head

𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰭𐰇 (küzŋü /közŋü/)

küzŋü (romanization)
közŋü (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳 (kwyzwnkw /közüngü/), this attested form in Ïrḳ Bitig perhaps a regional variant or evident of an originally different suffixed form.
*𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰤𐰇 (*küzn²ü /köznü/), with the alveolar nasal, is expected instead of the attested közŋü, with the velar nasal.

𐰍⸱𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰭𐰇𐰾𐰃 𐰤⸱𐰚𐰇𐰠𐰚𐰀⸱ 𐰃𐰲𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾⸱
ǧ⸱küzŋüs²i n²⸱kül²ka⸱ ičǧn¹mis²⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 22 (22:r07-l01)


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰

ʾwyʾ (romanization)
uya (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *uyā, from Middle Chinese 窩 (ʔwa, “nest”).

𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰯𐰣⸱𐰆 𐰖𐰀𐰽𐰃𐰭𐰺𐰆⸱ 𐰇𐰏𐰃𐱁𐰀⸱𐰾𐰋 𐰃𐰤𐰇⸱𐰚𐰠𐰃𐱁
b¹ul¹upn¹⸱u y¹as¹iŋr¹u⸱ ügiša⸱s²b² in²ü⸱kl²iš

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 31 (29:r05-r08)

After having found [its prey], [the tiger] comes back to its den, rejoicing and happy.

/Bulupan, uyasïŋaru ögi[r]e sebinü keli[r.]/

𑀰𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺𑀥𑀸 […] 𑀢𑁄𑀢𑀺𑀡𑀺𑀀 […] 𑀉𑀬𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀸 […]
śassidhā […] totiṇim̐ […] uyasiṇā […]

Kuchean-Uyghur bilingual fragment (Katalog-Nr. 232.1) U5208.06 (v06)

[…] by the balustrade, towards the parrot's nest […]


𐰃𐰤

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽶𐽺 (ʾyn /ïn/).
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *īn (“hole, cave”). This term, attested in Ïrḳ Bitig, is most likely the original pronunciation.


𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆

tabïlḳu (romanization)
tavïlḳu (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tabïlku (“spiraea; jujube”), most likely of a pre-Turkic substrate origin. Cognate with Karakhanid تَڤِلْغُوچْ (tawïlġuč), تَڤِلْقُو (tawïlqu) and Chagatai توبلغو (tobulġu).
Attested only in Ïrḳ Bitig.

inh+

𐰋𐰃𐱁⸱𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆⸱ 𐰘𐰇𐰔⸱𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱃 𐰃⸱𐰘𐰇𐰔⸱𐱃𐰉 𐰞𐰴𐰆⸱𐰢𐰃𐰭⸱ 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰃⸱𐰢𐰃𐰭⸱
b²iš⸱t¹b¹l¹qu⸱ y²üz⸱b¹ul¹t¹ i⸱y²üz⸱t¹b¹ l¹qu⸱miŋ⸱ b¹ul¹t¹i⸱miŋ⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 32 (29.l04-l08)

One spirea became a hundred, hundred spireas became a thousand.

/Bi[r] tavïlḳu yüz boltï, yüz tavïlḳu mïŋ boltï, […] /

(botany, rare) a deciduous shrub, most likely either white spirea, bridalwreath or purple willow


𐰍𐰞

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁 (ʾʾqyl /aġïl/).


𐰇𐰼𐰛

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwyrkmʾk /ürk-/).

(passive voice, intransitive) to be scared, to be afraid


𐰋𐰇𐰝

Orkhon script variant of 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽷 (pwyk /bük/).

𐰋𐰇𐰝𐰃𐰭𐰀⸱𐱅𐰏𐰃


𐱅𐰇

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽶 (twy /tü/).


𐱃𐰣

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐽂𐼻 (tn /tan/), from Middle Persian tn' (tan, “body”).

𐱃𐰣𐰢⸱𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰃⸱
t¹n¹m⸱t²üs²i⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 3 (07:l03)


𐰘𐰃𐰠

Orkhon script variant of 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl /yiél/).

𐰃𐰾⸱𐰘𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰀⸱ 𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰆𐰍 𐰃𐰭𐰣𐰃𐰭𐰀⸱𐱅𐰏 𐰃⸱𐰖𐰍𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣
is²⸱y²il²iŋa⸱ qud¹ur¹s¹uǧ iŋn¹iŋa⸱t²g i⸱y¹ǧr¹ipn¹

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 16 (17.l02-l05)

[The horse,] having galled up to its mane and its tail […]

/ […] -iš. Yiliŋe ḳudursuġïŋnïŋa tegi yagrïpan, […] /


𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽳 (tylkw /tilkü/).


𐰃𐰺𐰴

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽲 (ʾyrq /ïrḳ/).


𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰽

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽿 (qʾmyš /ḳamïš/).

𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰽⸱𐰀𐰺𐰀⸱


𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰍

t¹r¹iǧ (romanization)
tarïġ (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (tʾryq /tarïġ/).

𐰖𐰍𐰑𐰃⸱𐱃𐰺𐰃 𐰍⸱𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰓𐰃⸱ 𐰖𐰽⸱𐱇⸱𐰇𐰤𐰓
y¹ǧd¹i⸱t¹r¹i ǧ⸱b²is²d²i⸱ y¹s¹⸱t̥⸱ün²d²

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 53 (46.r08-l01)

[…] It rained. The millet crops ripened. The fresh grass sprouted.

/ […] yaġdï. Tarïġ bišdi. Yaš ot ünd[i]./


𐽼𐽳𐽴

pwz (romanization)
böz (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *būṣ-. Cognate with Arabic بَزّ (bazz, “garment”), Aramaic בּוּצָא (būṣā, “byssus”), Classical Syriac ܒܘܨܐ (būṣā, “flax”), Chuvash пӳс (püs), Karakhanid بوُزْ (bȫz) and Turkish bez.
Compare also Mongolian бөс (bös), Jurchen 卜素 (/*pu-su/) and Manchu ᠪᠣᠰᠣ (boso), Turkic borrowings.

bor+

𐾀𐽳𐽳 𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐽹𐽻𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽴

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽹 𐽼𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺


𐽼𐽳𐽴

pwz (romanization)
buz (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Derived from Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwdmʾq /pudmaḳ/, “to freeze over”), from Proto-Turkic *būŕ (“ice”).

der+

𑀧𑀽𑀛𑁆𑀮𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀬𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀮𑀕𑁆𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁆𑀕𑀼


𐽼𐽳𐽴

pwz (romanization)
boz (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Unknown. Either;
* An anthimeric (zero derivation) form of Proto-Turkic *buz- (“to spoil”).
* Borrowed from Classical Persian بغض (buġz, “hate”), which in turn is from Arabic بَغَضَ (baḡaḍa, “to hate, detest, loathe”).

der

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽼𐽳𐽴 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲

To house anger, spite and hate in one's heart. (Ninth Kammapatha)


𐽷𐽹𐽶

kmy (romanization)
kémi (romanization)
𐽷𐽹𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹ̄mi (“ship”). Cognate with Chuvash кимӗ (kimĕ), Turkish gemi, Uzbek kema, Kazakh кеме (keme), Tuvan хеме (xeme) and Shor кебе.

inh+

𐽲𐾄𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽷𐽶𐽹𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽾𐽳𐽷 𐽰𐽶𐾀
q̈ylync lyq kymy kwyprwk ʾyt

c. 10th century, 1361, 1687, Šéŋko Šeli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ Süü Ülüš: 16.10 (U1102.04, r04)

Build a boat and a bridge out of [good] deeds […]


𐱃𐰆𐰢𐰣

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽺 (twmʾn /tuman/).


𐱃𐰆𐰔

Orkhon Script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽴 (twz /toz/).


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁

ʾwyl (romanization)
öl (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

From Proto-Turkic *ȫl (“wet”). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish اول (öl, “damp”), Yakut үөл (üöl).
Second sense of the noun is a calque of Tantric Tibetan དྲོད་གཤེར་ལས་སྐྱེས་པ། (drod gsher las skyes pa). Bacteria and tiny bugs were understood to be born from the confluence of heat and dampness, hence the name.

m+

དྲོད་གཤེར་ལས་སྐྱེས་པ།

(religion, Buddhism) One of four modes of birth in Mahāyāna and Tibetan Buddhism


𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰

lynqwʾ (romanization)
lénḥua (romanization)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 蓮花 (len xwae).

bor+

𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽵 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽳 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽾 𐾈
lynqwʾ sʾyw pyrʾr ʾʾqwlwx yylʾn pʾr ʾʾqw tyny ʾyrʾq̈tyn ʾʾncwlʾyw kwyzwnr

c. 10th century, The Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara page 38, lines 3-5 (right page)

In each of [those] lotus flowers, there is a poisonous snake hiding inside, and they appear from a distance like so […]

/[Ol] lénḥua sayu birer aġuluġ yïlan bar, aġu tïnï ïraḳtïn ančulayu közünür […] /

𑀧𑀼𑀤𑀺_(𑀧𑀼𑀤)𑀮𑁂𑀁𑀳𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀭𑁆
pudi _(puda) leṃhvālār
/[U]pudi léṃḥuālār […] /
The Utpala-lotus (Nymphaea nouchali)

c. 11th century, Abbidharma U6900.B.2 (r06)

(botany) lotus, water lily (Nelumbo nucifera)


𐰴𐰖𐰀

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (qʾyʾ /ḳaya/).


𐰢𐰍𐰀

Alternative form of 𐰢𐰍 (mǧ /ïmġa/), Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽶𐽹𐽲𐽰 (ʾymqʾ /ïmġa/).


𐰖𐰴

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾyʾq /ayaḳ/).


𐰉𐰍𐰽

head

𐰉𐰍𐰽 (b¹ǧs¹ /baġïš/)

b¹ǧs¹ (romanization)
baġïš (romanization)

By surface analysis, 𐽼𐽰𐽲 (pʾq /baġ/, “tie, knot, connection point”) + -𐽶𐽿 (-yš /-ïš/, deverbal suffix), from Proto-Turkic *bāg (“tie, knot”).

surf

𐽼𐽰𐽲<ts:baġ><t:tie, knot, connection point>

𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰤𐰝𐰚𐰃⸱ 𐰤𐰀⸱𐱅𐰏⸱𐰚𐰇𐱁 𐰝𐰠𐰇𐰏⸱𐰆𐰞⸱𐰏 𐰤𐰃⸱𐰤𐱅𐰏⸱𐰓𐰏 𐰇⸱𐰆𐰞⸱𐰉𐰍𐰽𐰃 𐰤𐰀⸱𐱅𐰏⸱𐰉𐰺 𐰆𐰞⸱𐱅𐰃𐱁⸱𐰨
küzn²k̥ki⸱ n²a⸱t²g⸱küš k̥l²üg⸱ul¹⸱g n²i⸱n²t²g⸱d²g ü⸱ul¹⸱b¹ǧs¹i n²a⸱t²g⸱b¹r¹ ul¹⸱t²iš⸱nč

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 18 (19.r06-l03)

What is its window like? It is beautiful. How is its roof? It is good. How are its support-ropes? They link [the tent to the ground] well, so it says.

/Köznöki ne-teg? Kö[r]klüg ol. Egni ne-teg? Edgü ol. Baġïšï ne-teg? Bar ol, té[r]. […] /

(weaving, architecture) thick rope, tent-support, noose

(anatomy, rare) joint, the area where two bones join


𐰔𐰃𐰍

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽰𐽴𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾzyq /azïġ/).


𐰽𐰍

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾsyq /asïġ/).


𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲

twzʾq (romanization)
tuzaḳ (romanization)
tozaḳ (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tuzak (“trap”). Perhaps related to 𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twzmʾq /tuzmaḳ/, “to be humorous, to be funny”) or 𐾀𐽳𐽾 (twr /tor, tur/, “fishing net, snare, trap”).

inh+

𐾀𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽴𐾈


𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰴

head

𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰴 (toġraḳ)

Orkhon script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰𐽲 (twqrʾq /toġraḳ/).

(botany) poplar, balsam poplar, hackmatack (Populus balsamifera)


𐰖𐰍𐰴

y¹ǧq (romanization)
yaġaḳ (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽲 (yʾqʾq /yaġaḳ/).


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰

ʾʾdʾ (romanization)
ada (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ada (“danger”). Cognate with Turkish ayartmak (“to seduce”).


𐽰𐽳𐽴

ʾwz (romanization)
uz (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare also Mongolian ур (ur).


𐽻𐽳𐽰

swʾ (romanization)
so (romanization)
su (romanization)
suwa/ (romanization)
𐽻𐽳𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽

head

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyc /öč/)

ʾwyc (romanization)
öč (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫč (“revenge, anger”).
Not related to 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwycmʾk /öčmek/, “to be extinguished, to come to an end”), which stems from a different Proto-Turkic root.

inh+

𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽷𐽰𐽷 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺𐽽

hatred, revenge, enmity, anger, thirst for revenge

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽻𐽳𐽴

one who does not seek revenge, one without hatred in their heart

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽲

revenge-seeker, one with hatred in their heart


𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰

ʾʾyʾ (romanization)
aya (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āya (“palm”). Cognate with Turkish aya.

𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 𐽶 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾂𐽸𐽰𐽷𐽶
syny ʾyncʾ sʾβʾr mn ʾʾyʾdʾqy yyncw y mwncwq tʾk kwyżdʾky

c. 10th century, The tale of prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara page 6, lines 7-8 (right page)

I love you like so, like these two pearl beads in [my] palm […]

/Séni inče séver men, ayadaḳï yénčü 2 mončuḳ teg közdeki […] /

(anatomy) palm, inside part of one's hand


𐰖𐰺𐰸

y¹r¹q̊¹ (romanization)
yaruḳ (romanization)

Orkhon Script variant of 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (yrwq /yaruḳ/).


𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿

qʾdʾš (romanization)
ḳadaš (romanization)
ḥadaš (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽲𐽰 (qʾ /ḳa/, “family”) + -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-dʾš /-daš/, “mutuality suffix”), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese 家 (kae, “family”). Cognate with Old Kirghiz 𐰵𐰒𐱂 (qadaš).
Unrelated to Turkish kardeş (“sibling”), Kyrgyz карындаш (karındaş, “younger sister”), and the like seen in modern languages, which feature *karïn (“womb, belly”) as the first element instead.

noncog

ܟܘܕܐܓܘ ܟܐܛܐܫܡ ܚܐܪܝܢ ܕܐ
kwdʾgw kʾṭʾšm xʾryn dʾ

Ṭemür (ܛܐܡܘܪ), Unknown fragment SyrHT393.6 (r06)

My sons-in-law, relatives and brother[s!]


𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻

qʾrs (romanization)
ḳars (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 褐子 (hat.tsi^X), possibly via Sogdian 𐼘𐼄𐼈𐼊 (rɣzy /raɣzi/).

bor+

𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽽𐽲𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐾈 𐽼𐽳𐽴 𐽼𐽰𐾀𐽰𐾀𐽳 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽻 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽶𐽹𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾃𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽷𐽺𐾀𐽳 𐽷𐽺𐾀𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐾈
lʾr cqry ʾnkyrʾr ywnk ʾnkyrʾr kyntyr ʾnkyrʾr pwz pʾtʾtw q̈ʾrs twq̈ywr tʾq̈y ymʾ ʾʾdrwq̈ ʾwẓlʾr kntw kntw ʾwz ʾyšyn ʾyšlʾywr

c. 10th century, The tale of prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara page 2, lines 3-6 (right page)

[Many people] spin spinning wheels, wool and hemp. They beat the soft fabrics and weave harsh woolen fabrics [from those], and other craftsmen carry out their own crafts.

/ […] -lar čïġarï eŋirer, yuŋ eŋirer, kéntir eŋirer. Böz batatu ḳars toḳïyur, taḳï yéme adruḳ uzlar kentü kentü uz išin išleyür./

(sewing) woolen fabric, cloth used for sewing sacks, a kind of rough fabric reminiscent of a felt


𐰋𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹye (“mare”). Cognate with Yakut биэ (bie).

inh+

𐰾⸱𐰀𐰴⸱𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰃⸱ 𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃
s²⸱aq⸱b²is²i⸱ qul¹un¹l¹ami

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 5 (09.r05-r06)

(equestrianism, hapax legomenon) mare, female equine


𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰍

buluġ (romanization)
boluġ (romanization)

By surface analysis, 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwlmʾq /b(o/u)l-/, “?”) + -𐽷 (-k /-uḳ/, deverbal suffix). What the verb root means is a matter of contention. Possibilities include either:
* ...from 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwlmʾq /bolmaḳ/, “to be, copular verb”), from Proto-Turkic *bōl- (“to be”) as argued by Clauson, Tekin, Nadelyayev, Tenišev and Ščerbak.
* ... or from 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwlmʾq /bulmaḳ/, “to find, to seek, to reach for”), from Proto-Turkic *bul- (“to find”) as argued by VATEC and Wilkens.
Attested only in Ïrḳ Bitig.

surf

𐰀𐰴⸱𐱃⸱𐰴𐰺𐰽 𐰽𐰃𐰣⸱𐰇𐰲⸱𐰉 𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰍𐱃𐰀⸱𐱃 𐰞𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰯𐰣⸱𐰍
aq⸱t¹⸱qr¹s¹ s¹in¹⸱üč⸱b¹ ul¹uǧt¹a⸱t¹ l¹ul¹apn¹⸱ǧ

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 19 (19.l08-20.r02)

A white horse, having chosen its adversary in three (???), […]

/Aḳ at, karšïsïn üč buluġta talulapan, […] /

(hapax legomenon) Exact meaning is unclear


𐰢𐰣𐰃𐰽𐱃𐰣

Orkhon Script variant of 𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫎𐫀𐫗 (mʾnysṯʾn /manistan/).


𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳

kwnkqʾw (romanization)
küŋġau (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 箜篌 (khuwng huw).

bor+

𐽼𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽴𐾃 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽴𐾃 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐾀𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷
pwltwnkwẓ mʾnkʾ ʾdkw sʾq̈yn cynkʾẓ pʾr ʾrsʾr mʾnkʾ ʾʾmty pyr q̈wnkq̈ʾyw ᵗʸˡᵖ kʾlwrwnk

c. 10th century', The Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara page 69, lines 5-7 (left page)

[…] If you want to do what is good for me, then ask for and bring me a lute now.

/ […] boltuŋuz. Maŋa edgü saḳïn- -čïŋaz bar erser maŋa amtï bir ḳuŋḳayu ᵗⁱˡᵉᵖ kelürüŋ./

(music) a type of plucked string instrument similar to a lute, komuz, cobza


𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰

head

𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾβycqʾ /avïčġa/)

ʾʾβycqʾ (romanization)
avïčġa (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽽𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *abïčga (“old man”).

inh+

𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐾀𐾀𐽶
ʾʾβyncqʾ ʾʾrwq̈y yytty

c. 10th century, The tale of prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara page 37, line 1 (left page)

The old man's exhaustion was upon him […]


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽

kwyc (romanization)
küč (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kǖč (“power”).


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽

kwyc (romanization)
köč (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Anthimeric (zero derivation) form of 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwycmʾk /köč-/, “to migrate”), from Proto-Turkic *köč-.
The third sense is included in Wilkens' dictionary as a semantic deviation from the definitions one and two, and included here so.

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽼 𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽶𐽴 𐾈

We nomadized, settled and set to make [a new place] our home.

(politics, anthropology) nomadic migrations

beasts of burden, mount and farm animals brought along during such nomadic migrations


𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰

qwrtqʾ (romanization)
ḳurtġa (romanization)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kurtga (“old woman”).


𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽷

pwlʾnk (romanization)
pulaŋ (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 歩廊 (buᴴ lang, literally “step + side-gallery”).

bor+

𐾀𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽳 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾈

trkʾn tykyn qʾtwny pyrlʾ pylʾnk tʾkzwny ywrydw lʾr

Crown prince and his wife wandered through the corridors of the palace.

veranda, corridor, hall, lobby of a building


𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾

tʾmyr (romanization)
tamïr (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tamïr (“vein”). Cognate with Karakhanid تَمُرْ (tamur).


𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺

sʾqyzqʾn (romanization)
saġïzġan (romanization)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sagïzgan (“magpie”).


𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷

ʾkzyk (romanization)
egzig (romanization)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *egzig (“melody”). Cognate with Turkish ezgi. Compare also Proto-Mongolic *egesig (“melody”) (cf. Mongolian эгшиг (egšig)), a Turkic borrowing.

𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽻𐾅𐽳𐾀


𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶

qʾnkly (romanization)
ḳaŋlï (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *kaŋlï (“cart”), ultimately from Tocharian A klānk- (“to ride”). Cognate with Karakhanid قَنكْلٖى (qaŋlï) and Mamluk-Kipchak قكلى (qanlï).


𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀

ʾʾβwt (romanization)
avut (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀 (ʾʾβwt) (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *abuč, a corruption of the original 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀 (ʾʾdwt /adut/).

𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽼𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐽻𐽶 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐾈 𐾈
𐽰𐽰𐽻𐽳𐽷𐽶 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽹𐽳 𐾈
ʾʾβwt yn twrpʾq pwsy lyq
ʾʾswky qʾn ʾrmʾz mw
/Avutïn turpaḳ pušïlïġ

Exhortation directed to laity to give alms U5335.9-10 (r09-10)

Isn't there the King Ashoka with his palms [holding] dirt as almsgiving?


𐰉𐰃𐰨𐰆

Derived from Proto-Turkic *abï- (“to enjoy oneself, to comfort”), via the intermediary derived form of *abï-n-ču ("one who comforts, one who makes another enjoy oneself"). Cognate with Karakhanid اَڤِنْجُو (avïnču, “a thing that gives enjoyment and pleasure; concubine”), Khorezmian Turkic كویكول اونچاسی (köŋül avunčasï, “comfort of heart”) and Ottoman Turkish آونمق (avunmak, “to be occupied with something in mind”).
Compare 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽶𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾβytmʾq /avïtmaḳ/, “to console or to spoil a child”), from the same Proto-Turkic root.

cog

كویكول اونچاسی

𐱅𐰭𐱁𐰃⸱𐰆𐰣𐰀 𐰢𐰑𐰸⸱𐰉𐰃𐰨 𐰆⸱𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣⸱𐰉 𐰆𐰞𐰔𐰆𐰣⸱𐱅𐰃
t²ŋši⸱un¹a md¹q̊¹⸱b¹inč u⸱qt¹un¹⸱b¹ ul¹zun¹⸱t²i

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 38 (34.r04-07)

May the prostitute, with whom Heaven was not pleased, be a queen!

/Teŋ[r]i unamadoḳ abïnču ḳatun bolzun té[r]./

(hapax legomenon) concubine, prostitute, slave-girl


𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷

ʾylyk (romanization)
élig (romanization)
élég/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /él/, “realm”) + -𐾁𐽶𐽷 (-lyk /-lig/), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄l (“realm”). Cognate with Volga Bulgar يَال (yêl, “tribe”), Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (il², “realm”).
Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽱𐽾 (ʾyltβr /élteber/, “a title for kings and rulers”), which is ultimately from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), Bactrian υιλιτοβηρο (uilitobēro) and Middle Persian lytβyyr. Compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼 (il²t²b²r² /Élteber/) and Bulgar يلطوار (/Yeltewêr/), borrowed from the same Indo-Iranian source.

noncog

(politics) king, ruler, a Terken of the Uyghur Khaganate

𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶

king of kings; a title equivalent to shahanshah


𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷

ʾylyk (romanization)
élig (romanization)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

ələɣ

hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship

From Proto-Turkic *elig ~ *ẹlig (“hand”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (l²g /elig/).
Both the 'open-e' (é) (𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk)) and 'close-e' (e/ä) (𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk)) variants can be seen attested, with élig being more common. Compare the similar developments in the Eastern Turkic branches, with Northern Altai элиг (elig, “finger's width”), элӱ (elü), Shor инге (“hand”) and Yakut илии (ilii, “hand”), suggesting an areal shift perhaps to distinguish 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/, “hand, handsbreadth (unit of measure)”) from 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/, “fifty”).

q

<i class="Ougr mention" lang="oui">𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷</i> (ʾylyk)

<i class="Ougr mention" lang="oui">𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷</i> (ʾlyk)

cog

handsbreadth, span of a hand, an unit of measure equal to a breadth of a hand


𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲

yʾpyrqʾq (romanization)
yapïrġaḳ (romanization)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽼

ʾwypwp (romanization)
üpüp (romanization)

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽾𐽰𐽷 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾀 𐽷𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽼 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽽 𐽽𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽵

ʾwydrʾk ʾnkyt kʾklyk ʾwypwp q̈wšqʾc cylyx

Ducks, ruddy shelducks, partridges, hoopoes, sparrows and woodcocks.

𐰴𐰺𐰃⸱𐰇𐰯𐰏𐰇 𐰚⸱𐰖𐰃𐰞⸱𐰖𐰺𐰆⸱ 𐰢𐰔𐰴𐰣⸱𐱅𐰓𐰃⸱
qr¹i⸱üpgü k⸱y¹il¹⸱y¹r¹u⸱ mzqn¹⸱t²d²i⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 21 (21.l07-l09)

An old hoopoe sang before [the new] year dawned.


𐽰𐽸

ʾd (romanization)
et (romanization)
𐽰𐽸 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

𐽰𐽶𐾀 𐽰𐽸𐾂𐽶𐽺 𐽻𐽰𐾀𐽲𐽳𐽽𐽶

(anatomy) meat, flesh (both of human and of game)


𐽰𐽸

ʾd (romanization)
ed (romanization)
𐽰𐽸 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽸𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ed (“goods, riches, stuff”).

inh+

𐽰𐽸 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽳𐽿𐽶

dravya द्रव्य

product, manufactured goods
weaves, weaving products

product, manufactured goods
fabrics, woven fabric products

product, manufactured goods
textile goods

(anatomy) sperm, male reproductive fluid


𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴

head

𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (ʾtʾwyz /ätöz/)

ʾtʾwyz (romanization)
ätöz (romanization)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽸 (ʾd /ät/, “meat, flesh”) + 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (ʾwyz /öz/, “self, spirit”). Compare Tuvan эътөс (ètös, “body”) with identical compoundization.

surf

𐰓𐰔𐰆𐰤:𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰏𐰃𐰾𐰃:
d²zun²:in²t²gis²i:

c. 8th century, Unknown fragment U179.8 (line 2, verso)

[…] 𐽺𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽶𐽸𐽶𐾈 𐽹𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽶𐽿𐽶 𐾁𐽷𐽳 𐽰𐽴𐾅𐽳𐽺𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽹𐽺 𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽳𐽹𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽹 𐽶𐽹𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽷
[…] nw ʾwyz ʾtʾwyz ynkʾ ʾyncʾ typ tydy mn ʾrtynkw yʾβyz tyšy lkw ʾz̤wnyntʾ twqywq̈ mn ʾtʾwyz wmtʾky kwycwm ymʾ ʾwk tʾnk

c. 10th century, Pañcatantra Mz86.35-38 (lines 9-12, verso)

Then, she spoke to herself as follows: "I was reborn in [this] extremely bad reincarnation of a vixen, and my own physical strength is not adequate."

/ […] [Yalġa]nu, öz-ätöziŋe inčä tep-tedi: «Män, ärtiŋü yavïz tiši [ti]lkü ažunïnta tuġyuḳ män, ätözümtäki küčüm yme ök taŋ [adïnčïġ yoḳ.»] […] /

(chiefly religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism) corporeality, body, human body, appearance


𐽺𐽳𐽹

nwm (romanization)
nom (romanization)
𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nominative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐫗𐫇𐫖 (nwm /nom/), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).

𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽸𐽰𐽿

member of the same religious community, co-practicioner

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Christianity) religious teachings, scriptures

𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫡𐫇𐫛 𐫀𐫔𐫃𐫇𐫎𐫏 𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫝𐫀 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫝𐫀 𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫖𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡
bʾcʾq̈ ʾwlwrwp ʾδgwṯy nwmcʾ ṯwyrwcʾ bʾcʾmʾδmz ʾrsʾr

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazénd (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft XII.B 257-258 (lines 15-16)

[And further we,] while we were fasting, had not fasted according to the Manichaean teachings and doctrines, then […]

/[Yéme] bačaḳ olurup, edgüti nomča törüče bačamadïmïz erser […] /

(religion, Buddhism, Manichaeism) religion

(religion, Manichaeism) Manichaeism, true religion

(religion, Buddhism) false teachings, heterodoxy

book, book scroll, published works, oeuvres


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀

ʾʾdwt (romanization)
adut (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *abuč, later devolved into 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐾀 (ʾʾβwt) and 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽳𐽽 (ʾʾβwc).
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀 (ʾʾdwt) is most likely the original form, with other reflexes avut and avuč perhaps undergoing the sound shift *-v- < *-y- < *-δ- < *-d- with influence from Karluk Turkic (for the sound change, compare Old Turkic 𐰑𐰍 (adïg) >< Karakhanid اَذِغْ (aδïɣ) >< Chagatai آيق (ayïq).)

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽳𐾀 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾


𐽼𐽳𐽾

pwr (romanization)
bor (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Persian bwr (bōr, “wine, reddish brown”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰruHrás (“red”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”).
Compare Sogdian ܒܘܪ (bwr /bor/, “brown, red”), Hungarian bor (“wine”).


𐽹𐽶𐽾

myr (romanization)
mïr (romanization)
mir/ (romanization)
𐽹𐽶𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 蜜 (mjit, “honey”), from Tocharian B mit, which is from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, mead”)
Doublet of Proto-Turkic *bal.


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

head

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /öŋ/)

ʾwynk (romanization)
öŋ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öŋ (“color, shape”). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish اوك (öŋ) and Yakut өҥ (öñ).

inh+

ཀྱོརྒ་ཨུ་ལ་དི་། ཨལ་དི་ཏྱོར་ལུ […] གྲི་དིན་གྲུཏ་རུ གྲུ་རུག་ […] ར་། ཨྱོཎ་ཀྱོག་ཡི་མ་ཨ […] ཨོག་ […]
kyorg.ʔu.la.di. ʔal.di.tyor.lu […] gri.din.grut.ru
gru.rug. […] [...i]r. ʔyoṅ.kyog.yi.ma.ʔ…ʔog. […]

c. 13th century, Säkiz Yükmäk Yaruḳ Sudur Katalog-Nr. 82 (Mz329.8-9)

[…] [and then if it is so,] their body will be freed from the six kinds of sins, they will be said to be recluses, and their appearance will be like so […]

/ […] körk ulatï altï törlü[g] [ya]ġïdïn ḳutru[lur ...] ḳuruġ [tet]ir, (y)öŋ-kö[r]k yemä [ol] oḳ ä[rür] […] /

𐽼𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐽴 必失翁祿不思
五色布|tr= pyš ʾwynklwk pwz pjit.syit.ʔuwng.luwk.pjut.si wǔ sé bù

c. 1382, Huǒ Yuán-jié (火原潔) & Mǎ Shā-yì-hēi (馬沙亦黑), Gāochāng guǎn-zá-zì (高昌馆杂字) Pekin manuscript, line 999

color, form, shape, appearance
face color, skin tone

𐽼𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽶𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀
pyz typ tydy ʾwytrw tykyn pʾlyq ʾycynkʾ kyrdy ʾwynktwn q̈ʾpʾqq̈ʾ tʾqdy ʾwytrw twyrt

c. 10th century, The Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Pāpaṃkara pages 41-42 (lines 6-2)

[…] Then, the prince entered the city and he reached towards the Eastern gate. […]

/ […] biz tep tedi. Ötrü tegin balïġ ičinä kirdi, öŋtün ḳapaġḳa tägdi. Ötrü tört […] /


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

head

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /öŋ/)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öŋ (“uninhabited, desolate area”). Cognate with Old Kirghiz 𐰈𐰮 (üŋ /öŋ/, “desert”), Kyrgyz ээн (een), Tuvan ээн (een, “deserted”).

inh+

𑀑𑀬𑀡𑁆 𑀭𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀓𑀺 𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀧 𑀲𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀲𑁆𑀮𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀫𑀺 𑀰𑁄𑀮𑁆𑁇
oyaṇ rtyuryuki ñcipa syoslyāmi śol

c. early 11th century, Liṅgaviśeṣavidhi Kat.-Nr. 112.2 (U5199.v2)

And inadvertently, they meditated over deserts and wastelands.

/ […] Öŋ-[kü]rtügüg inčip sözlämiš ol. […] /

𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽲 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽳𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 𐽸𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽸𐽰 𐽻𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽸𐽳𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶
dyntʾrlʾrʾq ʾwykwk q̈ʾnkyq swyz wk kwynklyn tʾpʾnmyš ʾwycwn ʾwynktʾ kwyrtwk dʾ ʾʾryqdʾ symʾktʾ tʾkdwktʾ tnkry

c. 1067, Taš Yegän Totoḳ (𐾀𐽰𐽿 𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲) & Faptsun Šäli (𐽳𐽰𐽼𐾀𐽻𐽳𐽺 𐽿𐽰𐾁𐽶) & Tu Tsupa Äkä (𐾀𐽳 𐾀𐽻𐽳𐽼𐽰 𐽰𐽷𐽰), Maitrisimit (弥勒会见记) Chapter 2, page 9: 9a.19-21

[...for] the monks, and mothers and fathers; for they found and followed them, up to and through deserts and wastelands, and wild forests and woods […]

/ […] dintarlarïġ, ögüg ḳanġïġ, süzük köŋlin tapanmïš udunmïš üčün; öŋtä-kürtüktä, arïġda-simäkte tägdüktä, teŋri […] /


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

head

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /öŋ/)

Unknown. Possibly from a Pre-Turkic substrate language.

𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽼𐽳 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽿𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐽼𐽳 𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰
pwlzwnlʾr tʾqy pw pwyʾn ʾdkw q̈ylync ʾwynk ʾwylwk pwlzwn qʾmʾq yytync ʾwqwšq̈ʾtʾky pʾrcʾqʾ ʾwynk ʾwylwk pwlzwn pw ʾtʾwyzdʾ

c. 9th century, Alp Toŋa (𐽰𐾁𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰), Arinemi-čadik Colophon, lines 21'-24' (Pelliot Ouïgour 1a.r8-11 (right page))

Moreover, let this meritorious good deed be a gift, let it be a gift for every single person for seven generations [from now on]. In this body […]

/ […] bolzunlar. Taḥï bu buyan ädgü ḳïlïnč öŋ-ülüg bolzun, ḳamaġ yétinč oġušḳataġï barčaḳa öŋ-ülüg bolzun. Bu ätözde […] /


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

ʾwynk (romanization)
oŋ (romanization)
öŋ (romanization)
ueŋ (romanization)
uwaŋ/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 王 (*ɦuaŋ, “king”). Doublet of 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/), a later borrowing.

bor+

𐽻𐽳𐾁𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷


𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷

ywrwnk (romanization)
yürüŋ (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *hürüŋ (“white”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰇𐰼𐰭 (ür²ŋ /ürüŋ/) and Karakhanid اُرُنْكْ (ürüŋ).

inh+

𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾

Reproductive cores of men (sperm) and women (menstrual blood).


𐰢𐰭𐰃

Orkhon script variant of 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶 (mʾnky /meŋi/).


𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲

sʾryq (romanization)
sarïġ (romanization)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sarïg (“yellow”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sāŕï- (“white”). Doublet of 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /sazġan/, “pink”).
Cognate with Karakhanid سَرِغْ (sarïɣ) and Old Turkic 𐰽𐰺𐰍 (s¹r¹ǧ /sarïg/).

dbt

𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀘𑀺𑀁 𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀁 𑀘𑁄𑀕𑀺 𑀘𑁄𑀫𑀸𑀖𑀢𑀸 𑀑𑀬𑁄𑀥𑁆𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀼 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀕𑁆 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀬𑁆𑀭𑀼𑁈
kyuciṃ kyuṃ cogi comāghatā oyodhkyuryu sārg tyerilyru

c. 13th century, Pharmacological Text I.23 (Mainz187.23, v03)

[…] with the power of […] , the choler accumulates [in the body] from the radiant beams of the setting sun.

/ […] küčin, kün čoġï čomāḳtā ȫdkürü sārïġ terilür./

(anatomy, medicine) bile; choler, yellow bile


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

kwyk (romanization)
kök (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwymʾk /kö-/, “to rise”) + -𐽷 (-k /-k/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫk (“sky, grue”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰚 (kük /kök/), Karakhanid كُوكْ (kök) and Yakut күөх (küöq).
Adjective sense is secondary to the noun sense, as evident by the verb.

surf

𐽲𐾄𐾁𐾀𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐾈 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽽𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽺𐽳𐽹 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽿𐽰𐾀𐽶 𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐾈 𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽺𐾀 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽿 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐾈 𐾈
q̈lty ywltwz kwyk ywlʾ yylβy kwymʾn pwlʾr pʾrcʾ ʾwyrlwkswz ʾytyklyk nwm lʾr nynk ʾwq̈šʾty q̈y ʾwl ʾqyqlyq pylykyn q̈ylmyš ʾʾβʾnt lʾryqtwyš lʾryk

c. 10th century, 13th-14th centuries, Puitso Šilavante (𐽼𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽻𐽳 𐽿𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶) & Arslan-ḳya (𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽻𐾁𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽶𐽰) & Ḳasar (𐽲𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽾), Kim-ḳo-ke atlïġ Včračitaḳ Sudur (金剛經) page 48: U3601.12-15 (v04-07)

And so; stars, the sky, lights and illusory images are all, for an eternity, analogues for the perfected religious teachings. The causes for and the consequences of the impure knowledge.

/Ḳaltï; yultuz, kök, yula, yelvi-kömän, bolar barča ürlügsüz etiglig nomlarnïŋ oḳšatïġï ol. Aḳïġlïġ biligin ḳïlmïš avantlarïġ tüšlärig./


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Derived from Proto-Turkic *kök (“seam”). Cognate with Chuvash кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr, “to stitch”), Tuvan көктээр (kökteer, “file, filed papers”) and Kumyk көкле (“to tack”).

cog

ܢܨܘ ܟܘܝܟܐܪܠܐܪ ܐ܁
ncw kwykʾrlʾr ʾ·

c. 12th-14th centuries, Fragments from a biblical codex U332.6 (r06)

𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽺 𐾁𐽾 𐾀𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽻𐽶𐽺 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 𐽰 𐽼𐽳 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽲
qʾdwn lr tr ʾʾq̈syn kwyklʾyw twrswn ʾwl ʾwrwq ʾ pw qwdʾr ʾwwq

c. 14th century, Songs for a bountiful harvest U5337.91-92 (v21-22)

May [the] women [of this village] keep on stitching the mouths of [torn] sacks!

/Ḳadunlar t[aġa]r aġzïn kökläyü tursun! […] /

(anatomy, zootomy, sewing, rare) stitch, seam; thin film, membrane


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kök (“root”).

inh+

𐽱𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 曲 (khjowk).

𐽼𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽺𐾀𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽶 𐾈
pʾšlnty kwyky

c. 9th-11th centuries, Unknown fragment M111.II.27-28 (v13-14)

(music, rare) sound, intonation; singing voice


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Unknown. Cognate with Karakhanid كُوكْ (kög).


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 罟罟 (kɔX-kɔX, “a kind of headwear for Mongol noblewomen”), from Middle Mongol 罟罟 (gugu, “id.”).

bor+

(clothing, very rare or hapax legomenon) a kind of headgear worn by Mongol women


𐽰𐽰𐾁

ʾʾl (romanization)
al (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“device”). Cognate with Karakhanid آل (āl, “trick, subterfuge”), Mamluk-Kipchak ال (al, “deceit”), Ottoman Turkish آل (al, “trick, trap”).

inh+

tool, gadget, device
weapon, arms for war

𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽳𐽺𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽰𐽱 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾈 𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐾈

kym nynk pyryk kwycy kwyswny pʾr ʾryp tʾβ kwyr ʾʾly ʾʾltʾq̈y ywẍ ʾrsʾr nʾnk ʾwl ʾʾdyn lʾryẍ ʾwtq̈ʾly yykʾdkʾly ʾwmʾz

One who is strong and powerful but does not resort to cunning, deceit, cheating, or fraud can never overcome others.

(derogatory) deceit, cheat, dexterity
skill, ableness

(derogatory) deceit, cheat, dexterity
cunning, guile

shrewdness, craftiness, trickiness, subtlety

अभ्युपाय अभ्युपाय

(religion, Buddhism) Abhyupāya (अभ्युपाय), ritualistic engagement


𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾

cʾkyr (romanization)
čakir (romanization)
čakré (romanization)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Tocharian B cākkär, from Sogdian ܨܮܪ (čaxr /cγr/), 𐼕𐼋𐼋𐼘 (čakr /ckkr/), itself from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám (“wheel”).

𐽽𐽷𐽾𐽱𐽾𐾀

Universal ruler, one who spins the wheel of the doctrines of Buddha

(weaponry) chakram, a kind of disk used as a melee weapon

(religion, Buddhism) one of seven jewels representative of the Buddha's and or Maitreya's allure in Mahāyāna Buddhism


𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁

qyzyl (romanization)
ḳïzïl (romanization)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kyzʾrmʾk /kïzar-/, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) + -𐽶𐾁 (-yl /-ïl/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yaš- + -ïl/).
Cognates 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽲 (qyzʾmwq /ḳïzamuḳ/, “measles, rubella”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzʾrtmʾq /ḳïzart-/, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /ḳïzġan/, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzkwrmʾq /ḳïzġur-/, “to embarrass”) and 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽳𐾀 (qyzqwt /ḳïzġut/, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽲* (*ḳïz-, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.

surf

𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾

(anatomy) menstrual discharge, period blood


𐽽𐽰𐽽

cʾc (romanization)
čač (romanization)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (nominative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽽𐽰𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 硨磲 (tsyhae gjo, “mother-of-pearl, nacre”).

bor+

𐽺𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 𐽽𐽰𐽽 𐽷𐽰𐽻 𐽳𐽺 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽳𐽻 𐽰𐽸 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽽𐽰 𐽼𐾁𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈
nky ʾʾdrwq ʾʾdrwq yyncw cʾc kʾs wn kwymws ʾd tʾβʾr lʾrpʾrcʾ plkwrʾr ʾrsʾr lʾr

c. 10th century, 1361, 1687, Šeŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ 4th Chapter: 70.5-70.7

[…] If all and all kinds of pearls, turquoise, jade, [gold] and silver, possessions and goods, all of them appear like so. […]

/ […] [öŋi ö]ŋi, adroḳ adroḳ yinčü, čač,ḳaš, [alt]un, ḳümüš, äd-tavarlarbarča bälgürär ärsärlär. […] /


𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀

rzʾβrt (romanization)
razavart (romanization)
raʒavïrt (romanization)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (nominative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

*ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠸᠠᠷᠲ

later mistaken as *ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠸᠠᠷᠤᠨ (*rašiwar-un)

Derived from Sanskrit राजावर्त (rājāvarta), via Tocharian A rājavart and Tocharian B rājawat. Ultimately from Classical Persian لاجورد (lâjavard).
Cognate with Sogdian 𐽀𐼰𐼿𐼱𐽀𐽂 (rʾcβrt /rājβart/) and Turkish lacivert.


𐽲𐽰𐽺

qʾn (romanization)
ḥan (romanization)
ḳan/ (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kagan (“male ruler, khan”), see there for more.

𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽶𐽲

pertaining to the empire, imperial-, regal-

(religion) honorific title for minor deities


𐽲𐽰𐽺

qʾn (romanization)
ḳan (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kān (“blood”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qn¹ /qan/, “blood”) and Karakhanid قانْ (qān).

(anatomy, zootomy) blood, one of the four bodily humors


𐽰𐽰𐽶

ʾʾy (romanization)
ay (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āy (“the Moon, month”).
Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰖 (y¹ /ay/).

𑀧𑀽𑀮𑀻𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀁𑀉𑀬𑀼𑀁𑀫𑀺𑀰𑁆𑀐𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀀𑀭𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀕𑁆

Like the moon rising from beneath the clouds.

(astronomy) the Moon, sole natural satellite of the Earth

(time) month, a complete revolution of the Moon spanning either twenty-nine or thirty days


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺

kwyn (romanization)
kün (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Indo-European language
Proto-Turkic
Tocharian languages

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”).
The Proto-Turkic root is compared with Tocharian A koṃ and Tocharian B kauṃ by Jens Wilkens, but any loaning from or to is unlikely, since Tocharian forms have Indo-European cognates and etymologies.

(astronomy) the Sun, the star at the center of the Solar System

(time) day, daytime, the span of a day, times when sun is visible during a day


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 閫 (khwon^X, “women's quarters”).


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺

kwyn (romanization)
kün (romanization)
küén (romanization)
küin/ (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 卷 (gjwonX, kjwenH, “reel of books, scroll, fascicle”).


𐽻𐽳𐽱

swβ (romanization)
suv (romanization)
suw/ (romanization)
𐽻𐽳𐽱 (swβ) (nominative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽻𐽳𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sub ~ *sūb (“water”).

𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲

to water, to sprinkle water, to paint, to cover with plaster or stucco

𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽳𐽲

liquid; inviscid and flowing (of liquids)

𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽻𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲

desire for booze, desire to get inebriated

𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽽𐽶

person responsible for maintaining irrigation canals or aqueducts

water; (by extension) any inviscid liquid

𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐽷𐽳𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷𐾁𐽳 𐽻𐽳𐽱


𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀

ʾwwt (romanization)
ot (romanization)
ōt/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐱃 (ut¹ /ot/), Khalaj هووت (hûot).

𑀆𑀰𑀧𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀰𑁆𑀬𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀘𑀺𑀑𑀢𑁆𑀕𑀼

(anatomy, medicine) fever, abnormally high body temperature


𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁

yyyl (romanization)
yél (romanization)
yil (romanization)
yḗl (romanization)
yiél/ (romanization)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl ~ *yẹ̄l (“wind”). Cognate with Karakhanid یَلْ (/yél/).

𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽶

magic, illusion, imaginary things, irrealis

𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽳

strand of rope used to hang small animals

(meteorology) unweather, strong wind, hurricane, borea, snow storm, blizzard

𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰 𐽼𐾁𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽳 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽲𐽸𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽶𐾁 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽹𐽾𐽸 𐽹𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐾀𐽰𐽺 𐽽𐽰 𐽰𐽹𐽷𐽰𐽷 𐽰𐽹𐽷𐽺𐽸𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽴
twqʾ plkwrw yrlqdy ʾʾryq yl kwycyndʾn ʾʾryq qyz mrd myrym tʾn cʾ ʾmkʾk ʾmkndy pyz

c. 13th-14th centuries, Dabamïn Ḥatun (𐼹𐼱𐼰𐼺𐼻 𐼶𐼰𐽂𐼴𐼻), Credo U5538.04-08 (v04-08, fragments 1 and 2)

[God] deigned her to be born and to appear through the power of the Holy Spirit with the body of the pure Virgin, Saint Mary, and for her we toiled […]

/ […] tuġa belgürü yarlïḳadï arïġ yél küčinten arïġ ḳïz Mard Méryem tanča emgek emgendi biz […] /


𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳

head

𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳 (yyylpykw /yélpigü, yiélpigü, yilpigü/)

yyylpykw (romanization)
yélpigü (romanization)
yiélpigü (romanization)
yilpigü (romanization)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yyylpymʾk /yélpimek/, “to fan, to blow wind”) + -𐽷𐽳 (-kw /-kü/, denominal suffix), which can be traced back to Old Uyghur 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl /yél/, “wind”). Cognate with Karakhanid یَلْبَتْماكْ (/yélpetmek/, “to fan”) and partially cognate with Ottoman Turkish یلپازه (yelpaze).
Sense two is derived from the "spirit" sense of 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁.

surf

𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷<ts:yélpimek><t:to fan, to blow wind>

cog

یَلْبَتْماكْ

𑀮𑁆𑀕𑀺 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀧𑁆𑀕𑀼 𑀬𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀧𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀕𑁆𑁉 𑀓𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀓𑁆
lgi cchapgu yelpigyug kyok

c. 11th century, Dīrghāgama: Ṣaṭsūtrakanipāta Mahāvadānasūtra: U6863.8 (r03)

[…] the feather duster and the hand fan […]

(astrology, astronomy, rare) halo, aureola, nimbus


𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶

typsy (romanization)
tépsé (romanization)
tépsi (romanization)
tipsi (romanization)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽶𐽼𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 疊子 (dep tsi^X). Cognate with Karakhanid تَڤْسٖی (tewsi), Ottoman Turkish تپسی (tepsi).

bor+

𐫛𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫠 𐫔𐫏𐫂𐫘𐫏 𐫠𐫇𐫂𐫞𐫀𐫘𐫏


𐽹𐽶𐽶

myy (romanization)
meyi (romanization)
miyi (romanization)
mii/ (romanization)
𐽹𐽶𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽹𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)