𐽰𐽳𐽲

ʾwq (romanization)
oḳ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”).

inh+

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶

One who draws a poison-arrow, Śalyāhṛt (an epithet of the Buddha)

𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰𐽽𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄

hand (of a clock, more specifically, of a water clock or a sundial)


𐽰𐽳𐽲

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Proto-Turkic
tr:Besim Atalay

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”) with the specific semantic shift of "opportunity" < "inheritance" < "arrow" (Perhaps evident of an old ceremonial passing of a torch from parents to offspring. See more at the Proto-Turkic entry).
Compare Karakhanid اُوقْ (oḳ, “a share of inherited property and goods”).

cog

𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽸𐽶𐾈


𐽰𐽳𐽲

ʾwq (romanization)
uġ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ūk (“tent rib”).


𐽶𐽰𐽲

yʾq (romanization)
yaġ (romanization)
𐽶𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāg (“fat, oil, lard”).
Perhaps related to 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yʾqmʾk /yaḳ-/, “to burn, to stick or cling to”), from Proto-Turkic *yak- (“to burn”).

𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐾀 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽹𐽶𐽾 𐾁𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽺𐽶𐾀 𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷𐽳 𐾈
ʾynkyk yʾqy swyt pyrlʾ myr ly pʾnyt ly ʾykykw

c. 10th century, 1361, 1687, Šéŋko Šeli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Altun Yaruḳ 9th chapter: 596.1-2 (Mz262.1-2)

[…] with butter and milk of a cow, [coupled with] honey and molasses.

/ […] ingék yaġï süt birle, mïrlï panïtlï ikegü./


𐼰𐼰𐼵𐽆𐼴𐼻

head

𐼰𐼰𐼵𐽆𐼴𐼻 (ʾʾẓwn /aʒun/)

ʾʾẓwn (romanization)
aʒun (romanization)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐫀𐫋𐫇𐫗 (ʾjwn /ajun/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).

der

(religion, philosophy, Manichaeism, Buddhism) existence, essence, being

𐼷𐼺𐼰 𐼰𐼴𐼻𐼸𐽀𐼰𐼸𐼷 𐼰𐼰𐼵𐽆𐼴𐼻𐽂𐼰𐼲𐽇𐼷 𐼾𐼴𐼷𐼰𐼻 𐼰𐼸𐼴 𐼲𐽇𐼹𐼰𐼷𐼻𐽁
ymʾ ʾwnkrʾky ʾʾẓwntʾq̈y pwyʾn ʾdkw q̈lʾync

c. 9th century, Śubhavyūharājapūrvayogaparivarta Mz309.4 (r04)

[…] and in order to … of [our] good deeds in former reincarnations […]

/Yemä öŋräki aʒuntaḳï buyan ädgü ḳïlïnč […] /

(religion, philosophy, Buddhism) birth, rebirth, reincarnation


𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲

ʾʾmrʾq (romanization)
amraḳ (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾmʾq /amra-/, “to like, to be fond of, to desire”) + -𐽷 (-k /-ḳ/, deverbal suffix), from Proto-Turkic *am- (“to love, to desire; to be quiet”).
Shares the same root with 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁 (ʾʾmyl /amïl/, “peaceful, calm, mild, quiet”), 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmyrtmʾq /amïrtmaḳ/, “to resolve a quarrel, to seek peace”) and 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrylmʾq /amrïlmaḳ/, “to be relaxed, to reach for Nirvāṇa”). Cognate with Karakhanid اَمْرَقْ (amraḳ, “calm, relaxed”).

cog

𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲𐾄 𐽰𐽹𐽷𐽰𐽷

the toil of having to leave the ones you love behind (eqv. Priyaviprayoge-duḥkha)

boyfriend or a girlfriend, romantic partner


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴

ʾwyz (romanization)
öz (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫŕ (“self”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰇𐰔 (üz /öz/), Karakhanid اُوزْ (ȫz).

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽺

interior; existence; soul, heart; small room

𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡 𐫲 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎 𐫏𐫏𐫃𐫡𐫖𐫏𐫏 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫓𐫇𐫃 𐫁𐫀𐫢 𐫠𐫏𐫓𐫎𐫏𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡 𐫲 𐫀𐫇𐫗 𐫏𐫏𐫓𐫀𐫗 𐫁𐫀𐫢𐫓𐫄 𐫀𐫡𐫗𐫃𐫀𐫐𐫏𐫗 𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫏 𐫠𐫏𐫡𐫠 𐫎𐫏𐫢𐫏𐫗 𐫎𐫏𐫡𐫏𐫃 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫉𐫇𐫃 𐫀𐫀𐫢 𐫀𐫏𐫝𐫐𐫇𐫇 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫃 𐫗𐫀𐫝𐫀 𐫀𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫎𐫏𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫀𐫄𐫡𐫏𐫎𐫏𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡
ʾrsʾr : ṯwyrṯ yygrmyy ṯwyrlwg bʾš q̈ylṯymz ʾrsʾr : ʾwn yylʾn bʾšlɣ ʾrngʾkyn ʾykyy q̈yrq̈ ṯyšyn ṯyryg ʾwyzwg ʾʾš ʾyckww ṯngryg nʾcʾ ʾʾcyṯymz ʾʾɣryṯymz ʾrsʾr

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft III C.52-57 (lines 01-06)

[…] if we should have inflicted on them the fourteen-fold wounds, if we somehow with the ten serpent-headed fingers [and] the thirty-two teeth should have tortured and pained the Living Self, the God, the divine of food and drink […]

/ […] ärsärr, ṭörṭ yigirmii ṭürlüg baš ḳïltïmïz ärsärr, on yïlan bašlïġ ärŋäkin ekii ḳïrḳ ṭišin ṭirig özüg aš ičküü ṭäŋrig näčä ačïṭïmïz aġrïṭïmïz ärsär, […] /

(philosophy, religion) essence, core, pith, existence, being


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴

ʾwyz (romanization)
öz (romanization)
üz/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ürs (“creek, valley, river”). Cognate with Ottoman Turkish اوز (öz).

inh+

(hydrology, geography, rare) creek, valley, river


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴

ʾwyz (romanization)
üz (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Uncertain. Perhaps an anthimeric (zero derivation) form of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwyzmʾk /üz-/, “to ruin, to tear apart; to abandon, to reject, etc.”). In that case, from Proto-Turkic *üŕ- (“to break, to tear”).

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽼𐽳𐽴 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲

To house anger, spite and hate in one's heart. (Ninth Kammapatha)


𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴

ʾwyz (romanization)
üz (romanization)
öz/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Unknown, but potentially Turkic. Only potential cognate found is the Karakhanid 𐽿𐾅𐽳𐽷 (šük, “mute, deaf”) (from Ḳutadġu Bilig).


𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺

ʾʾyrʾn (romanization)
ayran (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ayran (“buttermilk, airan”).
Attested only twice in the entire corpus, and both of the attestations come from the same manuscript. Dictionaries do not list this term, thus it should be noted that this entry is highly unreliable for whether this term was in use throughout the entire Old Uyghur speaking area or just a dialectal or a localized word.

inh+

𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽹 𐽽𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽰 𐽲𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽹 𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐾀𐽳 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽹
qwlwm cwr ʾykyn ʾʾrʾ qwyqʾ sʾtym ykʾn synkqwr nwnk pyr ʾylʾtw twrqw ʾʾyrʾnq̈ʾ pyrdym
/ […] ḳulum Čor ekkin ara ḳoyḳa sattïm. Yegän Sïŋḳurnuŋ bir ilätü torḳu ayranḳa berdim./
Between me and my servant Čor, I sold him a sheep. I gave a silk handkerchief to Yegän Sïŋḳur in exchange for [some] buttermilk.

c. 9th century, Yoḥnan (𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽰𐽺) & Yegän Sïŋḳur (𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳𐽾), A manuscript about financial transactions 14.16-18

𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐽲𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐾀𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐾀𐽶
ʾyky qyzyl qʾrs ʾʾlyp qwyqʾ sʾnkty pyr pyr ʾylʾtw ʾyʾyrʾqʾ sʾty
/ […] ekki ḳïzïl ḳars alïp ḳoyḳa saŋtï, bir ilätü ayayraḳa sattï./
[Yegän Sïŋḳur] bought two pieces of red woolen cloth and sold them in exchange for a sheep. He sold [me] a silk handkerchief for [some] buttermilk.

c. 9th century, Yoḥnan (𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽰𐽺) & Yegän Sïŋḳur (𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳𐽾), A manuscript about financial transactions 14.20-21

(very rare) buttermilk, airan, ayran, doogh, etc.; a non-alcoholic, fermented milk-drink


𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲

yrwq (romanization)
yaruḳ (romanization)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (yʾrwmʾq /yaru-/, “to shine, to illuminate”) + -𐽷 (-k /-ḳ/, deverbal suffix), from Proto-Turkic *yaru- (“to shine”).

surf

𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲<ts:yaru-><t:to shine, to illuminate>

ܐܢܓܐܣܝ ܐܪܩܟܐ ܬܘܝܪܩܟܐ ܚܐܢܝܡ ܠܝܥ ܐܪܝܦ ܐܪܟܐܓܘ ܠܐܪ ܢܝܢܓ ܝܐܪܘܚܝ ܝܘܠܐܣܝ ܝܘܣܦ ܬܐܓ ܟܘܝܪܟܠܘܓ ܡܢܓܝܣ
ʾngʾ sy ʾrqkʾ twyrqkʾ xʾnym lyʿ ʾryp ʾrkʾgwlʾr nyng yʾrwxy ywlʾ sy ywsp tʾg kwyrklwg mngys

c. 10th-12th centuries, Wedding Blessing U7264.07-08 (lines 07-08, recto)

[…] being pleased, whilst holding power and strength, being as winsome and beautiful as Yausep, the light and shine of [us] Christians, […]

/ […] [y]aŋasï ärkkä-türkkä ḳanïmlïġ ärip, Ärkägü[n]lärniŋ yaruḥï yulasï Yausep-täg körklüg mäŋis[lig] […] /


𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲

twprʾq (romanization)
tupraḳ (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak (“soil, land”).

inh+

𐽶𐽰𐽼𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐽹𐽷𐽶𐽽𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽶𐽶𐽾


𐰓𐰃𐱃𐰺

Orkhon Script variant of 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (dyntʾr /déntar/).


電達

dɛnᴴdat̚ (romanization)
déntar (romanization)

Han script variant of 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (dyntʾr /déntar/).


𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫎𐫀𐫡

dynṯʾr (romanization)
ḍénṭar (romanization)
ḍinṭar (romanization)

Manichaean script variant of 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (dyntʾr /déntar/).

(religion, Manichaeism) electus, monk, priest


𐼹𐼷𐼻𐽂𐼰𐽀

Sogdian Script variant of 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (dyntʾr /déntar/).

(religion, Manichaeism, Buddhism) monk, priest


ܕܝܢܕܐܪ

dyndʾr (romanization)
déndar (romanization)

Syriac script variant of 𐽸𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽾 (dyntʾr /déntar/).


𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍

Orkhon Script variant of 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (twywq /tuyuġ/).

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣⸱𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍⸱𐰑𐰍𐰺⸱

l¹t¹un¹⸱t¹uy¹uǧl¹uǧ⸱d¹ǧr¹⸱


𐰆𐰖𐰀

Orkhon script variant of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽰 (ʾwyʾ /uya/).


𐽰𐽾

ʾr (romanization)
er (romanization)
𐽰𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

erə

eren

reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /er/) and Karakhanid اَرْ (er).
Relation to 𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾrmʾk /är-/, “to be, copular verb”) and 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰𐽹 (ʾrdʾm /ärdäm/, “virtue”) is unclear. Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽷 (ʾyrkʾk /erkäk/, “man”) and 𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾrkʾkwn /Ärkägün/, “Christian”).

𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺

men, mankind, follower, hero; only used in the plural

𐽰𐽾𐽷

power, strength, sovereignty, independence

𐰴𐰀𐰢𐰼𐰑𐰀:𐱁 𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐱃 𐰆𐰔:𐱁𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰘 𐰢𐰀:𐰃𐰚𐰃𐰤𐱅 𐰀:𐱁:𐰨𐰀:𐱅𐰃𐰢 𐰃𐰾:𐰴𐰀𐰢
qamr²d¹a:š kl²ig:y¹ul¹t¹ uz:šmis²:y² ma:ikin²t² a:š:nča:t²im is²:qam

c. 8th century, Manuscript on astronomy left page, lines 08-13, verso (U5.44-49)

The moon is also a virile celestial body, the second man have said so. […]

/Kamerde ä[r]klig yultuz ärmiš yemä ikintä ä[r] anča temiš. Kam.../


𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺

qʾtwn (romanization)
ḥatun (romanization)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *xātun (“lady”), which is borrowed from Sogdian 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻 (xwtʾwn /xutēn/, “queen”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wniH (“queen, lady”).
Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qt¹un¹ /qatun/) and Karakhanid قاتُونْ (qātūn).

der

(politics) queen, empress, queen consort, wife of an emperor


𐽲𐽶𐽴

qyz (romanization)
ḳïz (romanization)
𐽲𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (q̊²iz /qïz/) and Karakhanid قٖيزْ (qï̄z).

inh+

𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽰𐽽 𐽲𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽴𐾃 𐽿𐽰𐽽𐽳𐽲𐽰 𐽶𐽳𐽴𐾃 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽾 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽴𐾃 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽷
yyl pyšyc ʾʾy ʾltwn ʾyl ylβʾc qʾltymʾẓ šʾcwqʾ ywẓ ʾylyq ʾyr qyz qwlʾqʾly qyz pwltwmʾẓ ʾdkw ʾʾcyq ʾʾqryq pwltwmwz ʾwktyk
/[Yunt] yïl beši[n]č ay; Altun El yalavač kältimiz, Šačuḳa yüz ellig e[l] ḳïz ḳolaġalï ḳïz bultumuz. Ädgü ačïġ aġrïġ bultumuz. Ögtäki […] /
At the fifth month of the Year of the Horse; we, ambassadors from the Golden State, arrived at Šačuḳa to ask to court girls from the land of a hundred kings. We found the girls to court. We [also] obtained good favors and honors. […]

c. 10th century, A Khotanese-Uyghur wedding procession Pelliot Chinois 2998.3-6 (lines 3-6)

girl, unmarried woman, young female human

𐽹𐽺 𐽻𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽹𐽳𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽽𐽶 𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽵 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽶 𐽹𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽻𐽰𐽺
mn sʾn pyr mwntʾ kʾlsʾr nʾkwl sʾnynk ʾwqwl qyzyx ʾʾcynqwcy kym ʾwl sʾn ʾwqwl qyzyx ʾydy mw ʾwymʾz sʾn

c. 10th century, Bäg Bars Tarḳan (𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺), A complaint letter to a child-neglecting Buddhist recluse Or.8212/180.5-6 (r05-06)

Even if you come here once, what difference does it make? Who is it who looks after your sons and daughters? Don't you think of your sons and daughters at all?

/ […] men. Sän bir munta kälsär nägül? Säniŋ oġul ḳïzïġ ačïnġučï kim ol? Sän oġul ḳïzïġ ïdï mu ömäz sän?/


𐽲𐽶𐽴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïŕ (“expensive, precious; miserly”). Cognate with Karakhanid قِزْ (qïz) and Chuvash хĕрхен (hĕrh̬en, “to be stingy, to be miserly”).

cog

𐫀𐫡𐫎𐫇𐫇 𐫲 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇 𐫖𐫇𐫗𐫃 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫝𐫇𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫇 𐫛𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫏𐫡𐫃𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫏 𐫠𐫏𐫉𐫄𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫛 𐫏𐫏𐫎𐫏𐫏 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫓𐫇𐫃 𐫛𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫏 𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫠𐫀 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫞𐫀𐫎𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫏𐫡𐫇 𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡
ʾrṯww .. ʾʾzw mwng ʾwycwn ʾʾzw pwšyy byrgʾlyy q̈yzɣʾnyp yyṯyy ṯwyrlwg pwšyy nwmq̈ʾ ṯwyqʾṯyy byrw ʾwmʾδmz ʾrsʾr

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft XI.B 230-233 (lines 1-4)

If we, either because of distress, or being miserly about giving alms, should have not been able to give the sevenfold alms to its full extent to our religion; […]

/ […] ärtii. Azu muŋ üčün, azu pušïï bergälii ḳïzġanïp yetii türlüg pušïï nomḳa tükätii birü umadïmïz ärsär; […] /

miserliness, being short on money, skimpiness, stinginess

(rare, figurative) hunger, desperation, destituteness


𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁

ʾwqwl (romanization)
oġul (romanization)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽳𐽲𐽳𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ogul (“child [of any gender]; son”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰆𐰍𐰞 (uǧl¹ /oġul/) and Karakhanid اُغُل (oğul).

inh+

𑀭𑀺𑁇 𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀼𑀥𑀸 𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀸𑀚𑀺 𑀏𑀬𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀩𑁆 𑀑𑀳𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀰𑁆𑁇
ri. kāyudhā pārdhāji eyaryura iñcib oholkiś.

a. ' 14th century', Unidentified verses from Sanskrit Kat.-Nr. 107 (line 2, U5205.1 & Ch/U6492.6)

Where will [unmarried] boys and girls go then?

/ […] ḳayuda bardačï ärür inčip oḥol ḳïz?/

𐽰𐽶 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽳𐽹𐽰 𐽶𐽳𐾁 […] 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽹𐾀𐽶 𐽻𐽺 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽾 […] 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽸 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽽 […]
ʾy mʾnynk ʾwqlwmʾ ywl […] twrwr ʾmty sn tnkry yr […] ʾyšyd pʾrmʾ ʾwl ywlc […]

c. 10th-11th centuries, Fragments from an oracle book lines 01-03, recto (U320.r1-3)

O my son! [This] is [your] way. Now hear ye, the word of God! […]

/Äy mäniŋ oġlum a! Yol[uŋ bo] turur. Amtï sän täŋri yar[lïġïn] ešid barma ol! Yolč[a] […] /

son, male offspring
embryo, unborn child


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴

kwyz (romanization)
köz (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *köŕ (“eye”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰔 (küz /köz/, “eye”) and Karakhanid كُوزْ (kȫz, “eye”).

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽷

wound; opening, hole; chimney; noose, stitch

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽻𐽳𐽴

blind; unenlightened, without foundation

𑀢𑁂𑀢𑀺𑀭 𑁇 𑀧𑁄 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀲 […] 𑀓 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀱𑁆 𑀧𑁆𑀮𑁄𑀭𑁆 𑀜𑀺𑀡𑁆 𑀓𑀺𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀸 𑀓𑁆𑀬𑁄𑀰𑁆
tetira . po tyuṣsa […] ka tyuṣ plor ñiṇ kindā kyoś

a. '11th century', Unidentified Abbidharma text (Kat.-Nr. 44) Mz647a.9-e.9 (a./c./e.r9)

[…] is said so. This fruit of labor is called […] , and for the sake of […] , your [wisdom-]eye […]

/ […] tetir. Bo tüš Sa- […] tüš bolor. […] -nïŋ ug[r]ïnta köz […] /

𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽶𐽶 𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽶𐽳𐽷𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽿 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐾃𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽸𐾂𐽳𐽾 𐾈 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐾂𐽶𐽺 𐽻𐽶𐽻𐾃𐾁𐽰𐽸𐾂𐽳𐽾 𐾈 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽸𐾂𐽳𐽾 𐾈
tnkrykʾ yʾqyš ʾyy yrmʾywkkʾ ʾš kwyṣyn ʾqryḋwr q̈wlyn pwḋyn syṣlʾḋwr ywrʾkylʾn pylyn q̈wlpycyn ʾqryḋwr

c. 1328, Ïnal Tämür Taišeŋdu (大乘奴), Yetikän Sudur page 25, lines 1-3

It is so that the people who have not made sacrifices or vows to the gods - they will feel pain in their heads and eyes. They will feel their hands and feet ache, their hearts, waist and armpits cramp.

/Täŋrigä yaġïš ayï[ḳ] birmäyükkä baš[ïn], köṣin aġrïḍur. Ḳolïn, buḍïn sïṣlaḍur. Yüräki-län bilin, ḳolbïčïn aġrïḍur./

𐰚𐰇𐱁𐰜𐰠𐰇𐰏⸱ 𐰴𐰖𐰀𐰴𐰀⸱𐰴𐰆 𐰣𐰆𐰰𐰣⸱𐰚𐰇𐰔 𐰠𐰘𐰇𐱁⸱𐰢𐰤⸱
küšk̥l²üg⸱ qy¹aqa⸱qu n¹up̊n¹⸱küz l²y²üš⸱mn²⸱

c. 930 CE, anonymous, Ïrḳ Bitig Ïrḳ 64; page 55 (right side), lines 01-04

Siting down on a beautiful rock, I look around.

/Kö[r]klüg ḳayaḳa ḳonupan, közläyü[r] män./


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫŕ (“embers”). Cognate with Karakhanid كُوزْ (kȫz, “glowing coals”).


𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴

kwyz (romanization)
küz (romanization)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kǖŕ (“autumn”). Cognate with Karakhanid کُزْ (küz, “autumn”).

𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐽹𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽶 𐽶 𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽶 𐽶𐽰𐽻𐽹𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽿 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽱 𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽾 𐽽𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽰𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽴 𐾀𐽳𐽻𐽰𐽸
twyzwn mʾytry y ʾ kwyzky yʾsmʾ ʾyš kwyc tʾ kwydʾn ʾwyz ʾβ ynkʾ pʾryr cʾ kwysʾp twqtwnkwz twsʾd

c. 13th century, 17th-18th centuries, Čisim Tutuŋ (志心都統), Avasade Sudur page 61, lines 8-10 (l. 992-994)

Noble Maitreya! Just like how a guest returns to their own home after the autumnal reconnaissance trip, so have you wished it [to be true.]

/Tözün Maitreya! Küzki yeṣāmä iš küčtä küdän öz äviŋä barïrča küsäp tuġtuŋuz. Tuṣïḍ[ta] […] /


𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷

ywrʾk (romanization)
yüräk (romanization)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yürek (“heart”). Cognate with Karakhanid يُرَكْ (yüräk).

𑀔 𑀑𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀮𑁆𑁇 𑀬𑁆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀓𑁆 𑀇𑀕𑁆𑀮𑀺𑀕 𑀏𑀬
kha oyatyul. yyuryāk igliga eya

c. 10th century, A medicine prescription Mz190.3 (A-side, line 3) [Katalog-Nr. 47]

[…] if there are [symptoms of] diarrhea and pain in the chest; […]

𐽻𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽼 𐽽𐽻𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾀𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽷 𐽷𐽻𐽰𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽼 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽾𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽻𐽶𐽴
sʾyw ywryywr lʾr ʾrdy ʾʾny kwyrwp cstʾny ʾyl yk pʾk ywrʾkyn q̈ʾtrwnwp twnkʾlʾr pʾky tʾk ksʾtryk pʾklʾr mʾnkyn mʾnkylʾp q̈wrq̈yncsyz
/ […] sayu yorïyurlar ärdi. Anï körüp Častanï Elig bäg yüräkin ḳatrunup, toŋalar bägi täg kšatrik bäglär maŋïn maŋïlap ḳorḳïnčsïz […] /
[…] they were walking through every [street.] King Caṣṭana saw them, and he took heart, and so the overseers of the warriors, like leading men of strength [into war], advanced without fear in their hearts […]

c. 9th-10th centuries, Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā: The Tale of King Caṣṭana Mz670.14-16 (recto, lines 14-16)

ܓܘܡܘܙ ܝܐܝܝܠܘ ܂ ܟܘܝܠ ܛܐ ܟܝ […] ܪܡܝܫ ܬܐܓ ܝܘܪܐܟܝܡܝܙ
gwmwz yʾyylw . kwyltʾ ky […] rmyš tʾg ywrʾkymyz

a. '12th century', Bäküz-kyä (ܦܐܟܘܙ ܟܝܐ), Christian ritual text U330.27 + U329c.5 (line 77; U330 line 27 and U329c line 5)

[…] our hearts, being vast open, like as if one steps in a lake […]

/ […] -gümüz yayïlu, költä kirmiš täg yüräkimiz […] /


𐽰𐽶

ʾy /ï (romanization)
i/ (romanization)
𐽰𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽶𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ï (“bush, shrub”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰃 (i /ï/) and Karakhanid یِی (yï).

光法師廿三 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽽 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽶𐽷 𐽷𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶
𐽶𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽼 𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽰𐽶 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐾁
𐽼𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽳𐽼 𐽼𐽶𐽻𐽶𐽼 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽸𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰
𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽳 𐽻𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽼 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽻 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽
𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶 𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈 𐾈𐾈
光法師廿三 ʾʾlqw ʾyl tʾky ʾwlws tʾqy ʾʾc qyz ʾyk kykʾn yʾqy
yʾβlʾq pwqwp ʾmrylyp ʾʾlqw twyrlwk ʾy tʾryq twykʾl
pwytwp pysyp ʾʾlqw ʾwytdʾ yyyl yʾqmwr ʾwydyncʾ
qwlw syncʾ kwyny pwlwp ʾʾlqw ʾyl ʾwlws ʾync
mʾnky lyk pwlzwn lʾr

c. 1347, Bodituvača Šila (𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽶𐾀𐽳𐽱𐽰𐽽𐽰 𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽰), Colophons for miscellaneous sūtras (page 23, right side, lines 1-5 [U4772a.9-13])

May all hunger, poverty, disease, infirmity, enemies [of people] and evil-doers in the state and the kingdom be neutralized and gone; may all kinds of crops and grain flourish and ripen to full fruition[;] may the wind and rain come true measurely and in time; may the whole state and the kingdom become relaxed and joyful.

/Alḳu eltäki uluštaḳï ač, ḳïz, ig, kigän, yaġï, yavlaḳ boġup amrïlïp; alḳu törlüg ï, tarïġ, tükal bütüp bïšïp[;] alḳu üddä yiel-yaġmur üdinčä ḳolosïnča köni bolup; alḳu el uluš enč mäŋilig bolzunlar./


𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰

yyknʾ (romanization)
yignä (romanization)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽷 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽸𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *igne (“needle”).

𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽰𐽾𐽶
𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽵
twyšy ʾwl q̈ʾmwq twymʾn yylʾn yʾnʾry
ʾwl yynknʾ yylʾn ʾrnkʾky ʾwl q̈ʾmwx

c. 9th-10th centuries, Adïnčïġ Türkčä Pašik (突顾语诗歌选) [Selected poems in the language of Turks] right folio, lines 19-20 (MIK.III.200 [T.II.D.169])

The skin of her chest is like the feel of a ten thousand snakes [writhing.] Her index finger is like a needle-snake […]

/Töši ol ḳamuġ tümän yïlan yanarï ol[.] Yiŋnä yïlan ärŋaki ol[.] Ḳamuġ […] /


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲

head

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdʾq /adaḳ/)

ʾʾdʾq (romanization)
adaḳ (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

𐫁𐫏𐫡 𐫏𐫖𐫀 𐫀𐫐𐫏𐫏 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫀𐫠𐫓𐫄 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫏𐫐𐫀
𐫀𐫞𐫏𐫗𐫎𐫏𐫏 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎 𐫁𐫇𐫎𐫓𐫇𐫄 𐫎𐫏𐫗𐫓𐫄𐫠𐫀
𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫝𐫇𐫗𐫝 𐫀𐫇𐫝𐫇𐫄𐫖𐫀 𐫎𐫏𐫗𐫓𐫄𐫠𐫀
𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎𐫇𐫗𐫝 𐫘𐫇𐫂 𐫙𐫏𐫝𐫎𐫀𐫐𐫏𐫏 𐫎𐫏𐫗𐫓𐫄𐫠𐫀
𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫝 𐫁𐫀𐫄𐫡𐫏𐫗 𐫏𐫇𐫡𐫏𐫄𐫖𐫀 𐫎𐫏𐫗𐫓𐫄𐫠𐫀
𐫘𐫇𐫏𐫔𐫀 𐫁𐫀𐫡𐫇𐫇 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫖 𐫁𐫇𐫇 𐫁𐫏𐫢
byr ymʾ ʾkyy ʾʾδʾq̈lɣ kyšykʾ
ʾqynṯyy ṯwyrṯ bwṯlwɣ ṯynlɣq̈ʾ
ʾwycwnc ʾwcwɣmʾ ṯynlɣq̈ʾ
ṯwyrṯwnc swβ ʿycṯʾkyy ṯynlɣq̈ʾ
byšync bʾɣryn ywryɣmʾ ṯynlɣq̈ʾ
swyδʾ bʾrww ṯngrym bww byš

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft London manuscript (V.B), lines 80-85 (lines 4-9 in the image)

And that is firstly - against the two-footed human beings, secondly - against the four-legged living beings, thirdly - against the flying living things, fourthly - against the living beings in the water, fifthly - against the living creeping on the ground on their belly, if we ever, my god, somehow […]

/Bir - yemä äkii adaḳlïġ kišikä, äkintii - tört butluġ tïnlïġḳa, üčünč - učuġma tïnlïġḳa, törtünč - suw ičräkii tïnlïgḳa, bišinč - baġrïn yorïġma tïnlïġḳa södä bärüü täŋrim. Boo biš […] /

𐽶𐽰𐽱𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲𐽶


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾdʾš /adaš/)

ʾʾdʾš (romanization)
adaš (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐾀 (ʾʾt /at, ad/, “name; allegiance, clan”) + -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-dʾš /-daš/, associative suffix).

surf

𐽰𐽰𐾀<ts:at, ad><t:name; allegiance, clan>

𐫘𐫂𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫗𐫝𐫀 𐫏𐫇𐫡𐫏𐫛 𐫏𐫂𐫓𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫏𐫢
𐫎𐫇𐫢 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫠𐫇𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫘𐫀𐫂𐫏𐫗
𐫀𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫛 𐫠𐫇𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫗 𐫞𐫇𐫡𐫇𐫛 𐫏𐫏𐫓𐫠𐫏𐫒𐫀
sβygyncʾ ywryp yβlʾq̈ ʾyš
ṯwš ʾʾδʾš q̈wδʾš sʾβyn
ʾʾlyp q̈wngwlwn qwrwp yylq̈yk̈ʾ

c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft London manuscript (IX.B), lines 197-199 (lines 5-7 in the image)

[If we ever] accepted a bad companion's, friend's, comrade's or relative's word and appertained to their beliefs […]

/ […] yawlaḳ iš, tuš, adaš, ḳudaš sawïn alïp köŋülin körüp […] /


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰

ʾʾdynʾ (romanization)
adina (romanization)
adïna (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫆 (ʾʾδynʾẖ, “friday”).

bor+

𐽰𐾁 𐽷𐽰𐽱𐽻𐽰𐽽 […] 𐽷𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽶 𐽰𐽱 𐾀𐽰 𐾈 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 𐽰
ʾl kʾβsʾc […] kw ʾykyndy ʾβ tʾ ʾʾdyn ʾ
/ […] kävsäč: [iki]gü ikindi ävda, adïna [kün] […] /
'Kävsäč' Tetragram: two-fold, in the second celestial mansion, in Friday […]

c. 1328, Ïnal Tämür Taišeŋdu (大乘奴), Yetikän Sudur page 31, line 19 (verso, line 7)


𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲

head

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdqʾq /adḳaḳ/)

ʾʾdqʾq (romanization)
adḳaḳ (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdqʾmʾq /adḳa-/, “to capture, to take”) + -𐽷 (-k /-ḳ/, deverbal suffix).

surf

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲<ts:adḳa-><t:to capture, to take>

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐾁

(philosophy, religion) object, concept, figment of consciousness

𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽽

(philosophy, religion) imagination, idea, ideology, plan


𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾

ʾʾqr (romanization)
aġar (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अगरु (agaru, “agarwood”), via Tocharian B akaru (“aloe”).

bor+

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽽 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲


𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶

head

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶 (ʾʾqy /aġï/)

ʾʾqy (romanization)
aġï (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾqmʾq /aġ-/, “to rise”) + -𐽳 (-w /-ï/, deverbal suffix), or perhaps inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgï (“treasure, fortune”), ultimately from the same etymon.

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲

grain silo; literary corpus; internal organ

possession, valued goods, fortune, treasure

any commercially valuable fabric, such as silk, brocade, velvet or taffeta


𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴

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𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (ʾʾqyz /aġïz/)

ʾʾqyz (romanization)
aġïz (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *agïŕ (“mouth”).

inh+

𐽻𐽰𐽱 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽶𐽺 […] 𐽲𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽳𐽵 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽹 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽶 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽹
𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽺𐽰 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶𐽹𐽷𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽴 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽳𐽵 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺
sʾβ ʾʾyw ʾydʾyn […] qwtlwx twyzwn tʾqy pyr sʾβym myny cʾcym
pyrlʾ qwdwp ynʾ cʾcymkʾ pyr ʾʾqz sʾβynkyz ywx kwyc twyzwn
/ […] sav ayu ïdayïn. Ḳutluġ Tüzün taḳï bir savïm; meni čäčim birlä ḳodup, yenä čäčimkä bir aġïz savïnïz yoḳ. Küč tüzün […] /
[…] Another word from me, Ḳutluġ Tüzün: You leave me with my female relative, and then to my female relative you do not talk at all. […]

c. 9th century, Mäŋi Silig (𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶 𐽻𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷) & Küč Tüzün (𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺) & Ḳutluġ Tüzün (𐽲𐽳𐾀𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺), A letter to two men named Tüz Yegän Saŋun and Sanmïš Tüzün lines 5-6 (Pelliot Ouïgour 3; recto, lines 5-6)

(literally, “...you do not [even] have a mouthful of words.”)

(anatomy) mouth
(medicine) opening of a wound, slit

(anatomy) mouth
(geography, hydrology) mouth of a river

(chiefly religion, Buddhism) food, the act of eating


𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲

head

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾqryq /aġrïġ/)

ʾʾqryq (romanization)
aġrïġ (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *agrïg (“pain”). Doublet of 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽳𐽲 (ʾʾqrwq /aġruġ/, “load, difficulty”).

dbt

𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽸𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽾𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐾀𐽸𐽳𐽾𐾀𐽰𐽽𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶𐽴

ʾykyndʾ ʾʾqryqyntʾ ʾwynkʾtdwrtʾcy twrmʾqsyz

[…] and without stopping healing and treating those who are pained and ill […]

(figurative, rare) reverence, prestige, respect


𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶

qwncwy (romanization)
ḳunčuy (romanization)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶 (nominative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 公主 (kuwng tsyu^X, “daughter of a monarch, princess”). Not attested after 11ᵗʰ century.

bor+

𐽼𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽹 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽹 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽲𐽳𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰

pʾkym tykynym tnkrym qwncwywm tnkrym qwtynkʾ

My lord, my prince regent who is holy, my princess regent who is holy, for your heavenly favor!

(politics) princess, female regent, empress, queen

𐫠𐫇𐫗𐫝𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫏𐫏 𐫀𐫀𐫎𐫗
q̈wncwyryy ʾʾṯn

c. 9th-11th centuries, Unknown fragment from a stitch-book line 3, recto (M.364 [TM.154])

[…] your name, which is fit for a madame […]


𐽰𐾁𐽼

ʾlp (romanization)
alp (romanization)
𐽰𐾁𐽼 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐾁𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *alp (“brave, brazen; warrior”).


𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁

ʾʾmyl (romanization)
amïl (romanization)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁 (nominative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

By surface analysis, *𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽹𐽰𐽲 (*ʾʾmmʾq /*am-/) + -𐽶𐾁 (-yl /-ïl/, deverbal suffix), whose stem is a back-formation from 𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾmrʾmʾq /amra-/, “to like, to be fond of”). Ultimately derived from Proto-Turkic *am- (“to like, to desire, to be quiet”).

backform

𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲<ts:amra-><t:to like, to be fond of>