𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴

head

𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴 (āčsïq)

From 𐰀𐰲 (āč-, “to hunger”) + 𐰾𐰴 (-sïq, “necessitative future suffix”).

af

third person necessitative future form of 𐰀𐰲 (āč-)


𐰽𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *sač- (“to scatter”). Cognate with Turkish saçmak (“to scatter”), Uzbek sochmoq, Bashkir сәсеү (səsew), Yakut ыс (ıs). Compare also Mongolian цацах (cacax), Manchu ᠰᡳᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sisambi).

inh+

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰲𐰺:𐰢𐰤


𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Cognate with Turkish imek (“to be”), Uzbek emoq, Yakut эр (er, “to be”).

(intransitive) to be (something, somewhere)


𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *u- (“to be able, capable”). Compare Karakhanid اُغَنْ (uɣan, “having power over all things”), Turkish -a-ma- (“not to be able”).


𐰇

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫ- (“to think understand”). Compare Karakhanid اُو (ȫ-, “to understand”), Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwymʾk /ö-/, “to think, remember”).

cog

(intransitive) to think, think of, remember


𐰉𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bōl- (“to become”). Cognate with Chuvash пулма (pulma), Karakhanid [script needed] (bolmāq), Turkmen bōlmak, Uyghur بولماق (bolmaq), Uzbek boʻlmoq, Bashkir булыу (bulıw), Kazakh болу (bolu), Khakas поларға (polarğa), Kyrgyz болуу (boluu), Southern Altai болор (bolor), Tuvan болур (bolur), Yakut буол (buol). Possibly cognate with Azerbaijani olmaq, Turkish olmak, Crimean Tatar olmaq.


𐰉𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bul- (“to find”). Cognate with Khalaj bulmaq, Azerbaijani bulmaq, Turkish bulmak, Yakut бул (bul).


𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ač- (“to open”). Cognate with Chuvash уҫ (uś), Khalaj haçmaq, Turkish aç- (“to open”), Uzbek ochmoq, Bashkir асыу (asıw), Yakut ас (as).


𐰀𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āč- (“to hunger”). Cognate with Karakhanid ااجْماقْ (āčmaq, “to hunger”), Turkish acıkmak (“to hunger”), Uzbek ochiqmoq, Bashkir асығыу (asığıw), Yakut аас (aas).

cog

𐰾𐰤:𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰺:𐱃𐰆𐰽𐰴:𐰇𐰢𐰔:𐰾𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐱃𐰆𐰑𐰽𐰺:𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴:𐰇𐰢𐰔:𐰾𐰤

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, N6

If you become hungry, you do not think of satiety again, if you become satiated, you do not think of hunger again.


𐰋𐰃𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bil- (“to know”). Cognate with Chuvash пӗл (pĕl), Khalaj bilmək, Azerbaijani bilmək (“to know”), Turkish bilmek (“to know”), Uzbek bilmoq (“to know”), Bashkir белеү (belew, “to know”), Yakut бил (bil).


𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”). Cognate with Chuvash пӑлхан (pălh̬an), Turkish bulamak, Uzbek bulgʻamoq, Bashkir болғау (bolğaw), Yakut булаа (bulaa). Compare also Turkish karıştırmak (“to stir, mix, disturb, cause trouble”) for semantics and Hungarian bolygat (“to bother; to create disorder”), a Turkic borrowing.

cog

𐰞𐰶𐰑𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰾𐰺:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰜𐰓𐰀:𐰜𐰇𐰠𐰃𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰖𐰆𐱅𐰏𐰯:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰖𐰆
[béšba]lïqda:törtsü[ŋüš]:süŋüšdükde:küličoroplayutegip:bulɣayu

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, W11

At his fourth fights at Bish-Balyk, Kul-Chur made sudden attacks (on the enemy) and disordered...

to produce a state of disorder, put in disorder, to disturb, to cause trouble


𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *biti- (“to write”), itself generally thought to be borrowed from Middle Chinese 筆 (MC pit, “writing brush”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pytymʾk /biti-/, “to write”), Karakhanid [script needed] (biti-, “to write”), Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (biti-, “to be destined”), Northern Altai битиерге (bitiyerge, “to write”).


𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ï̄- (“to send”). Cognate with Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to send”).

inh+

𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰯:𐰺𐰴𐱁:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰚𐱁:𐰃𐰽𐰺:𐰤𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰍:𐰖𐰸

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S8:

If you stay in the land of Ötüken and send caravans from there, you will have no trouble.


𐱅𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tē- (“to say”). Cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tḗmēk, “to say”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (te-, “to say”), Turkish demek (“to say”), Turkmen diýmek (“to say”), Kyrgyz дөө (döö, “to say”), Yakut диэ (die, “to say”).


𐰚𐰇𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Chuvash курма (kurma), Turkish gör- (“to see”), Uzbek koʻrmoq, Bashkir күреү (kürew), Yakut көр (kör).

inh+

𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰑𐰯:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰘𐰠𐰇:𐰜𐰼:𐱅𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN2

Having become utterly bored, the khagan said: 'Ride fast!'

(auxiliary verb) Forms verbs with the sense of being ordered to do them


𐰀𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āŕ- (“to go astray, lose one's way”). Cognate with Karakhanid اازْماقْ (āzmāq, “to lose one's way”), Chuvash ур (ur, “to lose mind, go mad”), Turkmen āzmak (“to go astray”), Turkish azmak (“to go astray, to go mad”), Bashkir аҙыу (aźıw, “to lead immoral life, degenerate”).

cog

(intransitive) to go astray, to lose one's way

𐰚𐰇𐰥𐰀𐰖𐰀𐰔𐰑𐰢𐰀
kün²ay¹azd¹ma

circa 8th-9th centuries, Begre (e-11) line 2.5

In day and night I perished [over the loss of my wife and my master.]

(figurative, intransitive) to die, perish

to go astray, to lose one's way
to die, perish


𐰇𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öl- (“to die”). Cognate with Chuvash вил (vil), Khalaj hölmək, Turkish öl- (“to die”), Uzbek oʻlmoq, Bashkir үлеү (ülew), Yakut өл (öl).


𐰾𐰋𐰤

s²b²n² (romanization)
sebin- (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sebin- (“to rejoice”), from the reflexive form of *seb- (“to love”), equivalent to 𐰾𐰋 (seb-, “to love, like”) + 𐰤 (-in). Cognate with Turkish sevinmek (“to rejoice, be happy”), Bashkir һөйөнөү (höyönöw).

cog

(intransitive) to rejoice, be happy, be joyful


𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *al- (“to take”). Cognate to Chuvash ил (il), Karakhanid آل (al, “to take”), Azerbaijani al, Turkish almak (“take, buy”), Uzbek olmoq, Bashkir алыу (alıw), Yakut ыл (ıl, “take”).

inh+

𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸𐰆𐰍:𐰇𐰠𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰔:𐰞𐱃𐰢𐰔
qr¹l¹q̊¹uǧ:ül²r²t²mz:l¹t¹mz
/Ḳarluḳïġ ölürtümüz altïmïz./

c. 735 CE, 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤 (Yollïġ Tégin), Kül Tégin Inscription N.2

We killed and conquered the Ḳarluḳ nation.


𐰖

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āy- (“to say, to tell”). Cognate with Chuvash ыйт (yjt), Khalaj hâymaq, Turkish ayıtmak, Uzbek aytmoq, Bashkir әйтеү (əytew), Yakut ый (ıy).

𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰪𐰸𐰸𐰀:𐰉𐰭𐰀:𐰖𐰑𐰃
bilge:tońuquq:baŋa:aydï
He ordered me, Bilge Tonyukuk, (as follows):..

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN7

(transitive) to tell, to declare, to order


𐰇𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üŕ- (“to break, tear, demolish”). Cognate with Khalaj hüzmək, Turkish üzmek (“to tear; to upset”), Uzbek uzmoq, Bashkir өҙөү (öźöw).

inh+

𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐱅𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰾𐰺:𐱃𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰸:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰽𐰺:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰜:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IS6-7

That which is thin is easy to bend, they say; that which is tender is easy to break. If thin becomes thick, it is hard to bend it, they say; and if tender becomes tough, it is hard to break it, they say.


𐰌𐰝

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bök- (“to be satiated”).
Cognate with Turkish bıkmak, Bashkir бүкеү (bükew), Tuvan пөкер (pöker).

𐰟𐱄𐰆𐰣𐰠𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐱀𐰐:𐰌𐰅𐰠𐰢𐱆𐰁:𐰊𐰣𐱄𐰢:𐱆𐰮𐰼𐰄𐰅𐰠𐰢:𐰛𐰁:𐰌𐰝𐰢𐰓𐰢:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢𐰁𐰗𐱄𐰁

8-10th century CE, Uyuk-Turan (e-3), section 2:

I tied my gilded quiver onto my waist. I couldn't be satisfied of my holy country what pain! Alas!

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, intransitive) to be satiated


𐱄

𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀𐱅𐰆𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰚𐰈𐰲:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀

8-10th century CE, Altın-Köl I (e-28), section 5:

If you would throw it, you were the hero; if you would hold it, you were the power itself.

atsar alp ertiŋiz e t²utsar küč ertiŋiz e


𐰿𐰥

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”), equivalent to 𐰿 (eš-, “to trot”) + 𐰥 (-in) Cognate with Turkish eşmek.

der+

𐰿𐰣𐰹𐰃:𐱄𐰟𐰻𐰢:𐰿𐰥𐱆𐰢


𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰀

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 暗償 (MC 'omH dzyang|dzyangH) and suffixed with 𐰞𐰀 (-la).

𐰆𐰭:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰸:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍:𐰠𐰏𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍𐰑𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E32

He took the governor's brother-in-law prisoner while he had weapons in his hands, and presented him.


𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *to- (“to be full”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑран (tăran), Khalaj todmaq, Turkish doymak, Uzbek toʻymoq, Bashkir туйыу (tuyıw), Yakut тот (tot).

inh+

If you become hungry, you do not think of being satiated again, if you become satiated, you do not think of hunger again.


𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tu- (“to close”).

𐰜𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐱃𐰆𐰢𐰾:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰾𐰓𐰯:𐰉𐰆:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰣:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰺:𐰖𐰺𐰢𐰲𐰃:𐱅𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IE6

When I heard that there is only one road to the Sayan Mountains, and it is (now) closed (by snow), I said: 'If we go that way, it will not be good (for us)'.


𐰆𐰞𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Cognate with Chuvash лар (lar), Turkish oturmak, Uzbek oʻtirmoq, Bashkir ултырыу (ultırıw), Yakut олор (olor).

(transitive and intransitive) to sit, to settle

𐰃𐰲𐰼𐰀:𐱁𐰽𐰔:𐱃𐱁𐰺𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰣𐰽𐰔:𐰖𐰉𐰔:𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰦𐰀:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰢
ičr²a:šs¹z:t¹šr¹a:t¹un¹s¹z:y¹b¹z:y¹b¹l¹q:b¹ud¹nta:üza:ul¹r¹t¹m

𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤 (Yollïġ Tégin), Kül Tégin Inscription E.26

I ruled over a poor and miserable people who were starving and ragless.

/İčre ašsïz, tašra tonsuz yabïz yablaḳ bodunta üze olurtum./

to sit, to settle
to rule, to be throned


𐰇𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫg- (to praise). Cognate with Turkish övmek, Yakut үөр (üör).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰋𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰃𐰤:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰇:𐱅𐰃:𐰢𐰍:𐰃𐱅𐰓𐰃:𐰇𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S15

(My father, the khagan), profoundly glorified and praised the Turkic lords and people.


𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁

head

𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš-)

From 𐰾𐰇𐰭 (süŋ-, “to pierce”) + 𐱁 (-üš) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *süŋ- (“to pierce, to war”). Cognate with 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš, “battle, war”), 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐰏 (süŋüg, “lance, spear”).

inh+

𐰆𐰞𐰍:𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁:𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁𐰢𐱁

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E40

uluɣ:süŋüš:süŋüšmüš


𐰆𐰑

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ud- (“to follow; to conform”). Cognate with Azerbaijani uymaq, Turkish uymak (“to match, to follow”).

inh+

𐱃𐰺𐰑𐰆𐰾:𐰽𐰑𐰺𐰀:𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰖𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIW6

...pursuing them toward the shad of the Tardush.


𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼

head

𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼 (y²ügür² /yügür-/)

y²ügür² (romanization)
yügür- (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *yügür- (“to run”). Cognate with Azerbaijani yüyürmək (“to run”), Uzbek yugurmoq, Bashkir йүгереү (yügerew), Tuvan чүгүрер (çügürer).


𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰀

head

𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰀 (yāša-)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāĺa- (“to live”), equivalent to 𐰖𐱁 (yaš, “age”) + 𐰀 (-a). Cognate with Turkish yaşamak, Uzbek yashamoq, Bashkir йәшәү (yəşəw), Khakas чазирға (çazirğa, “to live (up to a certain age)”).

cog

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴:𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰼𐱅𐰃
kültégin:birqïrq:yāšayur:erti

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E31

Prince Kül had lived up to thirty-one years old then.


𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tīri- (“to live”). Cognate with Chuvash чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ), Turkish diri, Uzbek tirik, Kazakh тірі (tırı).

inh+

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰯:𐰃𐰠:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰽𐰴𐰭𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢:𐰖𐰭𐰞𐰯:𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰚𐰭𐰤:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S10

How you should live and dominate (other) tribes, I have recorded here; and how you would (otherwise) perish by being unfaithful, this, too, I have recorded here.


𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kork- (“to fear”). Cognate with Chuvash хӑра (hăra), Turkish korkmak, Uzbek qoʻrqmoq, Bashkir ҡурҡыу (qurqıw), Tuvan коргар (korgar).


𐰪

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ań- (“to fear”). Cognate with Mongolian айх (ajx).

𐰪𐰯:𐱃𐰍𐰴𐰀:𐱅𐰔𐰃𐰚:𐱃𐰸𐰺𐰽𐰃𐰤

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIS1

...Having feared the Arabic tribes and Tocharians...


𐰪𐱃

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ań- (“to fear”), equivalent to 𐰪 (ań-, “to fear”) + 𐱃 (-ït). Cognate with Mongolian айх (ajx).

der+

𐰣𐰃:𐰪𐱃𐰖𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰯:𐰾𐰇𐰠𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E41

In order to frighten them, I started a campaign.


𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *til (“tongue”), equivalent to 𐱅𐰃𐰠 (til) + 𐰀 (-e). Cognate with Turkish dilemek, Uzbek tilamoq, Kazakh тілеу (tıleu).


𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŕgan- (“to win”). Cognate with Chuvash хӑрхӑн (hărh̬ăn, “miser”), Turkish kazanmak.

inh+

𐰃𐰤𐰢:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰚𐰃:𐱁𐰑:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰇:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰦𐰢
inim:kültégin:birle:eki:šad:birle:ölü:yitü:qazɣantïm

Together with my younger brother, Prince Kül, and together with two shads, dying and getting lost, I won.


𐱅𐰇𐰚

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tök- (“to pour”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑкма (tăkma), Turkish dökmek, Uzbek toʻkmoq, Bashkir түгеү (tügew), Yakut тох (toq).

𐱃𐰆𐰚𐰔𐰍𐰔𐰚𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰾𐰆𐰭𐰾:𐰾𐰆𐰭𐰾𐰓𐰜𐰓𐰀:...𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰓𐰃
toquzoɣuzqa:yéti:süŋüš:süŋüšdükde:(ögüzk)e:tökdi

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, E4-5

When he fought seven times against the Nine Oghuzes, he poured them (on the river).


𐱃𐰆𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑр (tăr), Khalaj turmaq, Turkish durmak, Uzbek turmoq, Bashkir тороу (torow), Yakut тур (tur).

(intransitive) to stand, stay, continue to exist


𐱃𐰆𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“to become lean”).

𐰦𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰢𐱁𐰃:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐰽𐰖𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰯:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰼𐱅𐰏

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S9

(Of you,) those who survived there, utterly exhausted, were marching in all directions.

(intransitive) to become lean, be emaciated, become exhausted


𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑

Derived from Proto-Common Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”), equivalent to 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “(male) slave, servant”) + 𐰑 (-ad).

af

𐰘𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰔:𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰯:𐰠𐰾𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰽𐰺𐰢𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰚𐰇𐰭𐰓𐰢𐰾:𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E13

After they had numbered seven hundred men, (my father, the khagan), organized and ordered the people who had lost their state and khagan, the people that had turned into slaves and servants...

(intransitive) to become a male slave, servant


𐰠𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹlt-. Cognate with Chuvash леҫ (leś), Turkish iletmek, Bashkir илтеү (iltew), Yakut илт (ilt).


𐰃𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēt- (“to organize, make”). Cognate with Chuvash ту (tu), Turkish etmek, Bashkir итеү (itew), Khakas идерге (iderge).


𐱃𐰯𐰞𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tapla- (“to like, to be pleased by”), from Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to worship, serve”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (tʾplʾmʾq /tapla-/, “to be pleased by, to like, to allow”).


𐰖𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie down”). Cognate with Khalaj yatmaq, Turkish yatmak, Kyrgyz жатуу (jatuu), Yakut сыт (sıt).


𐰉𐰞𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *āb (“hunt, chase”), equivalent to 𐰉 (ab, “hunt”) + 𐰞𐰀 (-la). Cognate with, Turkish avlamak. Compare also Manchu ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (abalambi).

der+

𐰉:𐰉𐰞𐰀𐰽𐰺

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, W9


𐰉𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bā- (“to tie”). Cognate with Turkish bağ, Uzbek bogʻ, Bashkir бау (baw), Yakut быа (bıa).


𐰉𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bar- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Chuvash пыр (pyr), Khalaj varmaq, Turkish varmak, Uzbek bormoq, Bashkir барыу (barıw), Yakut бар (bar).


𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yorï- (“to walk”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫӳре (śüre), Turkish yürümek, Uzbek yurmoq, Bashkir йөрөү (yöröw), Old Uyghur 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ywrymʾq /yorïmaḳ/) and Yakut сырыт (sırıt).


𐰉𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bas- (“to press”). Cognate with Chuvash пус (pus), Khalaj basmaq, Turkish basmak, Bashkir баҫыу (baśıw), Yakut баттаа (battaa). Compare also Hungarian baszik, a Turkic borrowing.

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰉𐰽𐰢𐰽𐰺:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰠𐰤𐰢𐰾𐰼:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰠𐰭𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭𐰤:𐰚𐰢:𐰺𐱃𐱃𐰃:𐰆𐰑𐰀𐰲𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E22

If the sky above did not collapse and if the earth below did not give away, O Turkic people, who would be able to destroy your state and institutions?

𐰶𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰔:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰆𐰑𐰀:𐰉𐰽𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E35

...and fell upon the Kyrgyz people while they were asleep.


𐰾𐰃𐰓

éšid- (romanization)
éšit- (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺit- (“to listen”). Cognate with Chuvash илт (ilt), Khalaj eşitmək, Turkish işitmek, Uzbek eshitmoq, Bashkir ишетеү (işetew), Yakut иһит (ihit).


𐰃𐰏𐰓

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *igid- (“to nourish”).

inh+

𐰃𐰏𐰓𐰘𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰤:𐰽𐰴𐰣𐰯

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E35

I thought: 'I shall nourish (the people)'...


𐰖𐰣

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yaŋ- (“to retreat, to take a step back”) whence also Proto-Oghuz *yaŋša- (“to babble”).

der+

(intransitive) to return, to have a change of mind, to step back


𐰖𐰪

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāń- (“to shake”). Cognate with Khalaj yâmaq, Azerbaijani yaxalamaq, Turkish yıkamak, Turkmen yāymak.

inh+

𐰣𐰃:𐰖𐰪𐰯:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰑𐰢𐰔
anï:yańïp:türgi:yarɣun:költe:bozdumuz

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E34

We dispersed them and put them to rout at the lake Türgi-Yargun.


𐱃𐰆𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Chuvash тыт (tyt), Khalaj tutmaq, Turkish tutmak, Uzbek tutmoq, Bashkir тотоу (totow), Yakut тут (tut).


𐰚𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹl-. Cognate with Chuvash кил (kil), Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kelmek), Khalaj kəlmək, Turkish gelmek, Uzbek kelmoq, Bashkir килеү (kilew), Yakut кэл (kel).


𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼

kl²ür² (romanization)
kelür- (romanization)

From 𐰚𐰠 (kel-, “to come”) + 𐰇𐰼 (-ür, “transitive suffix”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Turkish getirmek.


𐰴𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *kač- (“to flee”). Cognate with Turkish kaçmak, Uzbek qochmoq, Bashkir ҡасыу (qasıw).

𐰋𐰏𐰃:𐰴𐰲𐰑𐰃


𐰆𐰣𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *una- (“to approve”). Cognate with Turkish onamak.


𐰃𐰞𐰃𐰤

From 𐰃𐰞 (il-, “to catch”) + 𐰃𐰤 (-in), intransitive-reflexive form of Proto-Turkic *īl- (“to catch”). Cognate with Turkish ilmek

(intransitive) to be caught on something


𐰖𐰍𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yagu- (“to approach”).

𐰖𐰍𐰞:𐱅𐰃𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IW5


𐰖𐰭𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yaŋïl- (“to mistake”). Cognate with Turkish yanılmak.

𐰖𐰭𐰞𐰯:𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰚𐰭𐰤:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S10-11

...and how you would (otherwise) perish by making mistakes, this, too I have recorded here.


𐰉𐰽𐰣

b¹s¹n¹ (romanization)
basïn- (romanization)
𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣 (alternative)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *bas- (“to press”), equivalent to 𐰉𐰽 (bas-, “to press”) + 𐰣 (-ïn).

der+

𐰔:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰤𐰀:𐰉𐰽𐰣𐰞𐰢

Why should we feel overwhelmed because of being few?


𐰑𐰺𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adrïl- (“to be separated”), passive form of *adïr- (“to separate”). Cognate with Turkish ayrılmak.

inh+

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰴𐰣𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰘𐰤:𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲𐰑𐰀:𐰑𐰺𐰡𐰃:𐰴𐰣𐰞𐰦𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S12:

Without having found their khan, the Turkic people were parted from the Chinese, and got themselves a khan.


𐰍𐰺𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *agrï- (“to hurt”). Cognate with Turkish ağrımak. compare Korean 아프다 (apeuda), which also means both to hurt and to be sick.

𐰆𐰞𐰍:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰢:𐰍𐰺𐰯:𐰖𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰲𐰀:𐰸𐰆𐰍:𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤𐰏:𐰉𐰞𐰉𐰞:𐱅𐰃𐰚𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S9:

When my oldest son died of being sick, I readily had Qu, the general, erect him a balbal.


𐰴𐰃𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *iakït- (“to pour”), transitive form of *iak- (“to flow”). Cognate with Turkish akıtmak.

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰏:𐰉𐱁𐰞𐰖𐰆:𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N8:

We ordered (the army) to carry out a raid, while we left Prince Kül at home to command (the camp).


𐰞𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *alk- (“to finish, to complete, to destroy”).

inh+

𐰉𐰺𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰓𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏:𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰞𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, NE:

We finished his mausoleum, statues and paintings, and his inscription stone on the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month, on the Year of Monkey.


𐰋𐰓𐰃𐰔𐰠𐰀

Orkhon script variant of 𐽼𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pʾdyzʾnmʾk /bedizen-/) with different suffixation. Compare Old Turkic 𐰋𐰓𐰔 (b²d²z /bediz/).


𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃

𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰢𐰔:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIW4:

(Thus) we attacked and plundered (their camp).


𐰖𐰆𐰉𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yubul-, passive-reflexive form of *yub-.

𐰖𐰆𐰉𐰞𐰆:𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN2:


𐰘𐰃𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yit- (“to become lost”). Cognate with Turkish yitmek, Yakut сүт (süt).

𐰃𐰤𐰢:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰚𐰃:𐱁𐰑:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰇:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰦𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E27:

Together with my younger brother, Prince Kül, and together with two shads, dying and getting lost, I won.


𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yitür- (“to lose”), equivalent to 𐰘𐰃𐱅 (yit-, “to be lost”) + 𐰼 (-ür). Cognate with Turkish yitirmek, Yakut сүтэр (süter).


𐰴𐰉𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kabïĺč- (“to unite”). Cognate with Turkish kavuşmak, Uzbek qowushmoq, Kazakh қауысу (qauysu).

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰖𐰃𐰽:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰴𐰉𐰾𐰞𐰢:𐱅𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IE3:

'Let us reunite atop the Altai Mountains!" he said.


𐰏𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *egir- (“to spin”), from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋirmäk), Khalaj heyirmək, Turkish eğirmek, Uzbek yigirmoq. Compare also Mongolian ээрэх (eerex), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰏:𐰽𐰨𐰑𐰃:𐱃𐰸𐰔:𐰼𐰏:𐰏𐰼𐰀:𐱃𐰸𐰃𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N5-6:

He stabbed one man (with a lance) and stroke nine men surrounding them.


𐰋𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ebir- (“to turn”). Cognate with Chuvash авӑр (avăr), Turkish evirmek.

𐰱𐰏𐰼𐱅𐰢:𐰴𐰞𐰭𐰤:𐰋𐰼𐰇:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E25:

I subjugated them and caused (their tribute) to be brought around.


𐰆𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *uč-. Compare Turkish uçmak, Uzbek uchmoq, Kyrgyz учуу (ucuu), Tuvan ужар (ujar).

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤⁚𐰸𐰆𐰪𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀⁚𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃⁚𐰘𐰏𐰼𐰢𐰚𐰃⁚𐰆𐰲𐰑𐰃
kül²t²ign²:q̊¹uńy²il¹qa:y²it²i:y²gr²mki:učd¹i
/Kül Tegin, ḳoɲ yïlḳa yéti yigirmiké učdï./

c. 732 CE, 𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤 (Yollïġ Tigin), Kül Tegin Inscription N.13

Kültegin passed away on the seventeenth day of the Year of the Sheep.

(intransitive, figurative) to die, to pass away