𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴

head

𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴 (āčsïq)

From 𐰀𐰲 (āč-, “to hunger”) + 𐰾𐰴 (-sïq, “necessitative future suffix”).

af

third person necessitative future form of 𐰀𐰲 (āč-)


𐰽𐰲

Inherited from Common Turkic *sạč- (“to scatter”). Cognate with Turkish saçmak (“to scatter”), Uzbek sochmoq, Bashkir сәсеү (səsew), Yakut ыс (ıs). Compare also Mongolian цацах (cacax), Manchu ᠰᡳᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ (sisambi).

inh+

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰲𐰺:𐰢𐰤


𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Cognate with Turkish imek (“to be”), Uzbek emoq, Yakut эр (er, “to be”).

𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰋𐰏:𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾

(intransitive) to be (something, somewhere)


𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *u- (“to be able, capable”). Compare Karakhanid اُغَنْ (uɣan, “having power over all things”), Turkish -a-ma- (“not to be able”).

cog

𐱇𐰽𐰆𐰔:𐰽𐰆𐰉𐰽𐰆𐰔:𐰴𐰞𐱃𐰃:𐰆𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐰤𐰲𐰜:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰼

How shall I be able (to manage) without water and grass? How shall I walk along? it says.


𐰇

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫ- (“to think understand”). Compare Karakhanid اُو (ȫ-, “to understand”), Old Uyghur ՚wy (ö-, “to think, remember”).

cog

𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰃𐰤:𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼𐰇:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

(Then), thinking of its place, it went running (towards it).

(intransitive) to think, think of, remember


𐰉𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bōl- (“to become”). Cognate with Chuvash пулма (pulma), Karakhanid [script needed] (bolmāq), Turkmen bōlmak, Uyghur بولماق (bolmaq), Uzbek boʻlmoq, Bashkir булыу (bulıw), Kazakh болу (bolu), Khakas поларға (polarğa), Kyrgyz болуу (boluu), Southern Altai болор (bolor), Tuvan болур (bolur), Yakut буол (buol). Possibly cognate with Azerbaijani olmaq, Turkish olmak, Crimean Tatar olmaq.

inh+

𐰾𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰜𐰠:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

(Thus, the sheep) became safe and sound, it says.


𐰉𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bul- (“to find”). Cognate with Khalaj bulmaq, Azerbaijani bulmaq, Turkish bulmak, Yakut бул (bul).

𐰚𐰇𐰤:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰘𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰆𐰯:𐱅𐰇𐰤:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰴𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰤𐰏𐰇𐰓𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰖:𐰆𐰞:𐱃𐰃𐰼

After having lost it at noon, where and how would it find it at midnight?, it says.


𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ač- (“to open”). Cognate with Chuvash уҫ (uś), Khalaj haçmaq, Turkish aç- (“to open”), Uzbek ochmoq, Bashkir асыу (asıw), Yakut ас (as).

𐱃𐰞𐰢:𐰆𐰺𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰲𐰀:𐰖𐰽𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰞𐰢:𐰴𐰖𐰍:𐰖𐰺𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰖𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽𐰆𐰣:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐱅𐰃𐰼

A bold youth marches alone, opening (his) shoulder, striking and splitting the bare rock with a broad arrow-head, it says.


𐰀𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ạ̄č- (“to hunger”). Cognate with Karakhanid ااجْماقْ (āčmaq, “to hunger”), Turkish acıkmak (“to hunger”), Uzbek ochiqmoq, Bashkir асығыу (asığıw), Yakut аас (aas).

cog

𐰾𐰤:𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰺:𐱃𐰆𐰽𐰴:𐰇𐰢𐰔:𐰾𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐱃𐰆𐰑𐰽𐰺:𐰀𐰲𐰾𐰴:𐰇𐰢𐰔:𐰾𐰤

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, N6

If you become hungry, you do not think of satiety again, if you become satiated, you do not think of hunger again.


𐰋𐰃𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bil- (“to know”). Cognate with Chuvash пӗл (pĕl), Khalaj bilmək, Azerbaijani bilmək (“to know”), Turkish bilmek (“to know”), Uzbek bilmoq (“to know”), Bashkir белеү (belew, “to know”), Yakut бил (bil).

inh+

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰾𐰃𐰓𐱅𐰃:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰃:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Heaven above heard it; men below understood i t, it says.


𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”). Cognate with Chuvash пӑлхан (pălh̬an), Turkish bulamak, Uzbek bulgʻamoq, Bashkir болғау (bolğaw), Yakut булаа (bulaa). Compare also Turkish karıştırmak (“to stir, mix, disturb, cause trouble”) for semantics and Hungarian bolygat (“to bother; to create disorder”), a Turkic borrowing.

cog

𐰞𐰶𐰑𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰾𐰺:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰜𐰓𐰀:𐰜𐰇𐰠𐰃𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰖𐰆𐱅𐰏𐰯:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰖𐰆
[béšba]lïqda:törtsü[ŋüš]:süŋüšdükde:küličoroplayutegip:bulɣayu

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, W11

At his fourth fights at Bish-Balyk, Kul-Chur made sudden attacks (on the enemy) and disordered...

to produce a state of disorder, put in disorder, to disturb, to cause trouble


𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *biti- (“to write”), itself generally thought to be borrowed from Middle Chinese 筆 (MC pit, “writing brush”). Cognate to Old Uyghur [script needed] (biti-, “to write”), Karakhanid [script needed] (biti-, “to write”), Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (biti-, “to be destined”). See also Mongolian бичих (bičix, “to write”), a Turkic borrowing.

cog

𐰉𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰀:𐰍𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰾𐰓𐰯:𐰲𐰢𐰔:𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰏:𐰽𐰭𐰆𐰣:𐰃𐱅𐰀𐰲𐰸:𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰓𐰢

...after having listened to the burua guru ( i.e. the spiritual master of presage), wrote (this book) for our affectionate big brother General Itachuk.


𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ï̄- (“to send”). Cognate with Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to send”).

inh+

𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰯:𐰺𐰴𐱁:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰚𐱁:𐰃𐰽𐰺:𐰤𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰍:𐰖𐰸

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S8:

If you stay in the land of Ötüken and send caravans from there, you will have no trouble.


𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰀

head

𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰀 (tïŋla-)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tïŋla- (“to listen”). Cognate to Chuvash тӑнла (tănla), Karakhanid تِنْكْلاماقْ (tïŋlāmāq, “to listen”), Old Uyghur tynklʾmʾq (tïŋlamaq, “to listen”), Turkish dinlemek (“to listen”), Turkmen diňlemek (“to listen”), Uzbek tinglamoq, Kazakh тыңдау (tyñdau, “to listen”), Kyrgyz тыңдоо (tıŋdoo, “to listen”), Tuvan дыңнаалаар (dıñnaalaar). Compare also Mongolian чагнах (čagnax).

cog

تِنْكْلاماقْ

𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰢:𐰇𐱅𐰃𐰤:𐰞𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐰴𐰭𐰢:𐰽𐰉𐰃𐰣:𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰯:𐰚𐰠𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

He came back saying 'I will take my mother's advice (and) listen to my father's words', it says.


𐱅𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tē- (“to say”). Cognate to Karakhanid [script needed] (tḗmēk, “to say”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (te-, “to say”), Turkish demek (“to say”), Turkmen diýmek (“to say”), Kyrgyz дөө (döö, “to say”), Yakut диэ (die, “to say”).

cog

𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰤:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰴𐰯𐰢𐰃𐰾

A hawk, saying (to itself) 'Here is a hare!', (flew) down from the sky (and tried to) catch it.


𐰚𐰇𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Chuvash курма (kurma), Turkish gör- (“to see”), Uzbek koʻrmoq, Bashkir күреү (kürew), Yakut көр (kör).

inh+

𐰇𐰓𐰢𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰭:𐰇𐰼𐰚𐱅𐱅𐰭:𐱅𐰃𐰼
ödmeŋ:körmeŋ:ürk(m)eŋ:tér

'Don't get excited, don't look at it (and) don't frighten it!', it says.

𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰑𐰯:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰘𐰠𐰇:𐰜𐰼:𐱅𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN2

Having become utterly bored, the khagan said: 'Ride fast!'

(auxiliary verb) Forms verbs with the sense of being ordered to do them


𐰀𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āŕ- (“to go astray, lose one's way”). Cognate with Karakhanid اازْماقْ (āzmāq, “to lose one's way”), Chuvash ур (ur, “to lose mind, go mad”), Turkmen āzmak (“to go astray”), Turkish azmak (“to go astray, to go mad”), Bashkir аҙыу (aźıw, “to lead immoral life, degenerate”).

cog

𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰆𐰍𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰀:𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼𐰇:𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆:𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃

The young birds lost their way flying, the young deer lost their way running and the children lost their way walking.

(intransitive) to go astray, to lose one's way

𐰚𐰇𐰥𐰀𐰖𐰀𐰔𐰑𐰢𐰀

8-10th century CE, Begre (e-11), line 2:

Alas, I separated from the sun and the moon.

(figurative, intransitive) to die, perish


𐰃𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”). Cognate with Chuvash ӗҫ (ĕś, “to drink”), Turkish iç- (“to drink”), Bashkir эсеү (esew, “to drink”), Uzbek ichmoq (“to drink”), Yakut ис (is, “to drink”).

inh+

𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰀𐰽:𐰘𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰢𐰓𐰀:𐰆𐰔𐰢𐰃𐰾

(Thus), drinking the water and eating the fresh grass it escaped death, it says.


𐰇𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öl- (“to die”). Cognate with Chuvash вил (vil), Khalaj hölmək, Turkish öl- (“to die”), Uzbek oʻlmoq, Bashkir үлеү (ülew), Yakut өл (öl).

𐰇𐰠𐰏𐰖:𐰢𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰢𐰾


𐰆𐰑𐰍𐰆𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *odgur- (“to wake”), causative of the unattested stem *od-. Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (odɣur-, “to wake (tr.)”), Karakhanid [script needed] (oδɣur-, “to wake (tr.)”), Khakas усхурарға (usxurarğa, “to wake (tr.)”), Turkish uyar- (“to warn, alert”). From the same root see; Turkish uyan- (“to wake up (intr.)”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (odun-, “to wake up (intr.)”), Karakhanid [script needed] (oδuɣ, “awake”).

cog

𐰆𐰑𐰃𐰍𐰢𐰍:𐰆𐰑𐰍𐰆𐰺:𐰖𐱃𐰍𐰞𐰃𐰍:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰢𐰤

I go on my way waking those who were asleep (and) rousing those who were lying down.

(transitive) to wake someone, to make someone awake


𐰖𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yag- (“to rain”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫу (śu), Khalaj yağmaq, Karakhanid يَغْماقْ (yaɣmāq, “to rain, pour down”), Turkish yağmak (“to rain”), Bashkir яуыу (yawıw), Tuvan чаар (çaar).

cog

𐰉𐰆𐰔:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰃𐱃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰑𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰣:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰍𐰑𐰃

A gray cloud passed; it rained over people.


𐰾𐰋𐰤

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sebin- (“to rejoice”), from the reflexive form of *seb- (“to love”), equivalent to 𐰾𐰋 (seb-, “to love, like”) + 𐰤 (-in). Cognate with Turkish sevinmek (“to rejoice, be happy”), Bashkir һөйөнөү (höyönöw).

cog

𐰖𐰣𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰨:𐰖𐰃𐰞𐱃𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰾𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰠:𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰾𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰇𐰏𐰃𐰼𐰼:𐰾𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰇𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

And again, by the grace of Heaven, they all met in the third year, safe and sound. They all rejoiced and were glad, it says.

(intransitive) to rejoice, be happy, be joyful


𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”). Cognate to Chuvash ил (il), Karakhanid آل (al, “to take”), Azerbaijani al, Turkish almak (“take, buy”), Uzbek olmoq, Bashkir алыу (alıw), Yakut ыл (ıl, “take”).

inh+

𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸𐰆𐰍:𐰇𐰠𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰔:𐰞𐱃𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N2:

We killed the Karluks and conquered them.


𐰖

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āy- (“to say, to tell”). Cognate with Chuvash ыйт (yjt), Khalaj hâymaq, Turkish ayıtmak, Uzbek aytmoq, Bashkir әйтеү (əytew), Yakut ый (ıy).

𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰪𐰸𐰸𐰀:𐰉𐰭𐰀:𐰖𐰑𐰃
bilge:tońuquq:baŋa:aydï
He ordered me, Bilge Tonyukuk, (as follows):..

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN7

(transitive) to tell, to declare, to order


𐰇𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üŕ- (“to break, tear, demolish”). Cognate with Khalaj hüzmək, Turkish üzmek (“to tear; to upset”), Uzbek uzmoq, Bashkir өҙөү (öźöw).

inh+

𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐱅𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰾𐰺:𐱃𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰸:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰽𐰺:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰜:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IS6-7

That which is thin is easy to bend, they say; that which is tender is easy to break. If thin becomes thick, it is hard to bend it, they say; and if tender becomes tough, it is hard to break it, they say.


𐰌𐰝

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bök- (“to be satiated”).
Cognate with Turkish bıkmak, Bashkir бүкеү (bükew), Tuvan пөкер (pöker).

𐰟𐱄𐰆𐰣𐰠𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐱀𐰐:𐰌𐰅𐰠𐰢𐱆𐰁:𐰊𐰣𐱄𐰢:𐱆𐰮𐰼𐰄𐰅𐰠𐰢:𐰛𐰁:𐰌𐰝𐰢𐰓𐰢:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢𐰁𐰗𐱄𐰁

8-10th century CE, Uyuk-Turan (e-3), section 2:

I tied my gilded quiver onto my waist. I couldn't be satisfied of my holy country what pain! Alas!

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, intransitive) to be satiated


𐱄

𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀𐱅𐰆𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰚𐰈𐰲:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀

8-10th century CE, Altın-Köl I (e-28), section 5:

If you would throw it, you were the hero; if you would hold it, you were the power itself.

atsar alp ertiŋiz e t²utsar küč ertiŋiz e


𐰿𐰥

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”), equivalent to 𐰿 (eš-, “to trot”) + 𐰥 (-in) Cognate with Turkish eşmek.

der+

𐰿𐰣𐰹𐰃:𐱄𐰟𐰻𐰢:𐰿𐰥𐱆𐰢


𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰀

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 暗償 (MC 'omH dzyang|dzyangH) and suffixed with 𐰞𐰀 (-la).

𐰆𐰭:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰸:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍:𐰠𐰏𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰴𐰞𐰍𐰑𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰨𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E32

He took the governor's brother-in-law prisoner while he had weapons in his hands, and presented him.


𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *to- (“to be full”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑран (tăran), Khalaj todmaq, Turkish doymak, Uzbek toʻymoq, Bashkir туйыу (tuyıw), Yakut тот (tot).

inh+

If you become hungry, you do not think of being satiated again, if you become satiated, you do not think of hunger again.


𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tu- (“to close”).

𐰜𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐱃𐰆𐰢𐰾:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰾𐰓𐰯:𐰉𐰆:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰣:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰺:𐰖𐰺𐰢𐰲𐰃:𐱅𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IE6

When I heard that there is only one road to the Sayan Mountains, and it is (now) closed (by snow), I said: 'If we go that way, it will not be good (for us)'.


𐱁

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”). Cognate with Chuvash ишме (išme), Turkish eşmek, Yakut ис (is).

𐰀𐰞𐰀:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰾𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

I am the road god with a dappled horse. (Early) in the morning and (late) in the evening I amble along.


𐰆𐰞𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Cognate with Chuvash лар (lar), Turkish oturmak, Uzbek oʻtirmoq, Bashkir ултырыу (ultırıw), Yakut олор (olor).

𐱅𐰤:𐰾𐰃:𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰃𐰤:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

I am the Son of Heaven. In the morning and evening, I enjoy sitting on the golden throne.

𐰃𐰲𐰼𐰀:𐱁𐰽𐰔:𐱃𐱁𐰺𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰣𐰽𐰔:𐰖𐰉𐰔:𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰦𐰀:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E26

I ruled over a poor and miserable people who were foodless on the inside and clothless on the outside.


𐰇𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫg- (to praise). Cognate with Turkish övmek, Yakut үөр (üör).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰋𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰃𐰤:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰇:𐱅𐰃:𐰢𐰍:𐰃𐱅𐰓𐰃:𐰇𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S15

(My father, the khagan), profoundly glorified and praised the Turkic lords and people.


𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁

head

𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš-)

From 𐰾𐰇𐰭 (süŋ-, “to pierce”) + 𐱁 (-üš) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *süŋ- (“to pierce, to war”). Cognate with 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš, “battle, war”), 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐰏 (süŋüg, “lance, spear”).

inh+

𐰆𐰞𐰍:𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁:𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁𐰢𐱁

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E40

uluɣ:süŋüš:süŋüšmüš


𐰆𐰑

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ud- (“to follow; to conform”). Cognate with Turkish uymak (“to match, to follow”).

inh+

𐱃𐰺𐰑𐰆𐰾:𐰽𐰑𐰺𐰀:𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰖𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIW6

...pursuing them toward the shad of the Tardush.


𐱅𐰔

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŕ- (“to flee”). Cognate with Turkish tez (“quickly, fast”).

𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰇𐰏𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰀:𐰴𐰭𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰇𐰋𐰚𐰠𐰀𐰯𐰤:𐱅𐰔𐰯𐰤:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

A son, being angry with his mother and father, ran away.


𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼

head

𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼 (yügür-)

Inherited from Common Turkic *yügür- (“to run”). Cognate with Azerbaijani yüyürmək (“to run”), Uzbek yugurmoq, Bashkir йүгереү (yügerew), Tuvan чүгүрер (çügürer).

inh+

𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰆𐰍𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰀:𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰼𐰇:'𐰔𐱃𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆:𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃

The young birds lost their way flying, the young deer lost their way running and the children lost their way walking..


𐰢𐰇𐰭𐰼𐰀

head

𐰢𐰇𐰭𐰼𐰀 (möŋre-)

Inherited from Common Turkic *böŋre- (“to howl”). Cognate with Turkish böğürmek, Bashkir мөңрәү (möñrəw), Yakut маҥыраа (mañıraa, “to moo”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *büxüre- (“to howl”), Proto-Tungusic *būni- (“to howl”).

inh+

𐰋𐰓𐰃𐰔:𐱅𐰃𐰔:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰇𐰤𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰢𐰇𐰭𐰼𐰀𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤
bed[ük]:tiz:üze:ünüpen:möŋreyür:men

Rising on my big (and powerful) knees, I bellow.


𐰇𐰤

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫn- (“to rise, grow”).


𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰀

head

𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰀 (yāša-)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāĺa- (“to live”), equivalent to 𐰖𐱁 (yaš, “age”) + 𐰀 (-a). Cognate with Turkish yaşamak, Uzbek yashamoq, Bashkir йәшәү (yəşəw), Khakas чазирға (çazirğa, “to live (up to a certain age)”).

cog

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴:𐰖𐰀𐱁𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰼𐱅𐰃
kültégin:birqïrq:yāšayur:erti

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E31

Prince Kül had lived up to thirty-one years old then.


𐱃𐰆𐰭

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toŋ-. Cognate with Turkish donmak, Uzbek to'ngmoq, Bashkir туңыу (tuñıw), Yakut тоҥ (toñ).

𐰴𐰣𐰍𐰃:𐰇𐰠𐰢𐰾:𐰚𐰇𐰭𐰀𐰚𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰢𐰃𐰾

Her favorite (lover) has died (and) her pail has frozen.


𐰆𐰖

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōy- (“to hollow, to peck”). Cognate with Turkish oymak, Uzbek oʻymoq, Bashkir уйыу (uyıw).

inh+

𐰆𐰽:𐰃𐰲:𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰀𐰞𐰃:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

...went to hollow out internal organs and intestines (of slaughtered animals).


𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tīri- (“to live”). Cognate with Chuvash чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ), Turkish diri, Uzbek tirik, Kazakh тірі (tırı).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰯:𐰃𐰠:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰽𐰴𐰭𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢:𐰖𐰭𐰞𐰯:𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰚𐰭𐰤:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S10

How you should live and dominate (other) tribes, I have recorded here; and how you would (otherwise) perish by being unfaithful, this, too, I have recorded here.


𐰇𐰼𐰛

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ürk- (“to be afraid”). Cognate with Turkish ürkmek, Uzbek hurkmoq, Kyrgyz үркүү (ürküü).

𐰉𐰖:𐰼:𐰴𐰆𐰪𐰃:𐰇𐰼𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

A rich man's sheep went away after being frightened.


𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kork- (“to fear”). Cognate with Chuvash хӑра (hăra), Turkish korkmak, Uzbek qoʻrqmoq, Bashkir ҡурҡыу (qurqıw), Tuvan коргар (korgar).

𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰪

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ań- (“to fear”). Cognate with Mongolian айх (ajx).

𐰪𐰯:𐱃𐰍𐰴𐰀:𐱅𐰔𐰃𐰚:𐱃𐰸𐰺𐰽𐰃𐰤

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIS1

...Having feared the Arabic tribes and Tocharians...


𐰖𐰃𐰣

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ań- (“to fear”), equivalent to 𐰪 (ań-, “to fear”) + 𐰃𐰣 (-ïn). Cognate with Mongolian айх (ajx).

der+

𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴𐰢𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇𐱅𐰃:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰤:𐰖𐰃𐰣𐰢𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇𐱅𐰃:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺:𐱅𐰃𐰼

'Fear not, pray well; do not be afraid, implore well!' it says.


𐰪𐱃

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ań- (“to fear”), equivalent to 𐰪 (ań-, “to fear”) + 𐱃 (-ït). Cognate with Mongolian айх (ajx).

𐰣𐰃:𐰪𐱃𐰖𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰯:𐰾𐰇𐰠𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E41

In order to frighten them, I started a campaign.


𐰋𐰃𐰾

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *biĺč- (“to ripen”). Cognate with Chuvash пиҫ (piś), Khalaj bışmaq, Turkish pişmek, Uzbek pishmoq, Bashkir бешеү (beşew), Yakut бус (bus).

inh+

𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰓𐰃:𐰖𐰽:𐱇:𐰇𐰤𐰓𐰃

The crops ripened; the fresh grass sprouted.


𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yāl-. Cognate with Turkish yalvarmak, Kazakh жалбару (jalbaru), Tuvan чалбарыыр (çalbarıır).

𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴𐰢𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇𐱅𐰃:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰤:𐰖𐰃𐰣𐰢𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇𐱅𐰃:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺:𐱅𐰃𐰼


𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *til (“tongue”), equivalent to 𐱅𐰃𐰠 (til) + 𐰀 (-e). Cognate with Turkish dilemek, Uzbek tilamoq, Kazakh тілеу (tıleu).

der+

𐱅𐰏𐰠𐰝:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣:𐰃𐰼𐰛𐰛:𐰖𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰢𐰃𐰏:𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰀𐰘𐰇𐰼

A blind foal wishes for an udder on a horse.


𐰴𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kol- (“to ask for”). Cognate with Turkish kolay (“easy”).

inh+

𐰴𐰆𐱃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yālga- (“to lick”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫула (śula), Khalaj yalğamaq, Turkish yalamak, Uzbek yalamoq, Bashkir ялау (yalaw), Yakut салаа (salaa), Tuvan чылгаар (çılgaar). Compare also Mongolian долоох (doloox, “to lick”).

𐰖𐰍𐰞𐰍:𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰲:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰖𐰆:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰃𐰠𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰢𐰓𐰀:𐰆𐰔𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

She kept herself alive by licking a greasy ladle (and thus) she escaped death, it says.


𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŕgan- (“to win”). Cognate with Chuvash хӑрхӑн (hărh̬ăn, “miser”), Turkish kazanmak.

𐰃𐰤𐰢:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰚𐰃:𐱁𐰑:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰇:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰦𐰢
inim:kültégin:birle:eki:šad:birle:ölü:yitü:qazɣantïm

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E27

Together with my younger brother, Prince Kül, and together with two shads, dying and getting lost, I won.


𐱅𐰇𐰚

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tök- (“to pour”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑкма (tăkma), Turkish dökmek, Uzbek toʻkmoq, Bashkir түгеү (tügew), Yakut тох (toq).

𐱃𐰆𐰚𐰔𐰍𐰔𐰚𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰾𐰆𐰭𐰾:𐰾𐰆𐰭𐰾𐰓𐰜𐰓𐰀:...𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰓𐰃
toquzoɣuzqa:yéti:süŋüš:süŋüšdükde:(ögüzk)e:tökdi

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, E4-5

When he fought seven times against the Nine Oghuzes, he poured them (on the river).


𐱃𐰆𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑр (tăr), Khalaj turmaq, Turkish durmak, Uzbek turmoq, Bashkir тороу (torow), Yakut тур (tur).

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰃:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰃

The fog was hanging above (and) the dust was rising below

(intransitive) to stand, stay, continue to exist

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰃:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰃


𐱃𐰆𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“to become lean”).

𐰦𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰢𐱁𐰃:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐰽𐰖𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰯:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰼𐱅𐰏

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S9

(Of you,) those who survived there, utterly exhausted, were marching in all directions.

(intransitive) to become lean, be emaciated, become exhausted


𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑

Derived from Common Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”), equivalent to 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “(male) slave, servant”) + 𐰑 (-ad).

af

𐰘𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰔:𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰯:𐰠𐰾𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰽𐰺𐰢𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰚𐰇𐰭𐰓𐰢𐰾:𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E13

After they had numbered seven hundred men, (my father, the khagan), organized and ordered the people who had lost their state and khagan, the people that had turned into slaves and servants...

(intransitive) to become a male slave, servant


𐰠𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹlt-. Cognate with Chuvash леҫ (leś), Turkish iletmek, Bashkir илтеү (iltew), Yakut илт (ilt).

𐰽𐰺𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰽𐰉𐰲𐰃:𐰖𐰔𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰲:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰾𐰇𐰔:𐰽𐰉:𐰠𐱅𐰃:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

There comes a messenger on a yellow horse (and) an envoy on a dark brown horse, bearing good tidings, it says.


𐰃𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēt- (“to organize, make”). Cognate with Chuvash ту (tu), Turkish etmek, Bashkir итеү (itew), Khakas идерге (iderge).

inh+

𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰃𐱅𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰢𐰤


𐱃𐰯𐰞𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tapla- (“to like, to be pleased by”). Cognate with Old Uyghur t’pl’ (tapla-, “to be pleased by, to like, to allow”).

cog

𐱃𐰣𐰢:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰔𐰚𐰤:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰖𐰑𐰀:𐰖𐱃𐰯𐰣:𐱃𐰯𐰞𐰀𐰑𐰆𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰺:𐰢𐰤:𐰾𐰋𐰓𐰜𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

Although the feathers of my body are not yet fully grown, lying down by the sea, I catch what I please (and) I eat what I like.


𐰖𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie down”). Cognate with Khalaj yatmaq, Turkish yatmak, Kyrgyz жатуу (jatuu), Yakut сыт (sıt).

inh+

𐱃𐰣𐰢:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰔𐰚𐰤:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰖𐰑𐰀:𐰖𐱃𐰯𐰣:𐱃𐰯𐰞:𐰀𐰑𐰆𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰺:𐰢𐰤:𐰾𐰋𐰓𐰜𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤


𐰉𐰞𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *āb (“hunt, chase”), equivalent to 𐰉 (ab, “hunt”) + 𐰞𐰀 (-la). Cognate with, Turkish avlamak. Compare also Manchu ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (abalambi).

der+

𐰉:𐰉𐰞𐰀𐰽𐰺

8th century CE, Kul-Chur Inscription, W9


𐰾𐰤𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *esne- (“to yawn”). Cognate with Chuvash анасла (anasla), Turkish esnemek, Uzbek esnamoq, Tatar иснәү (isnäw).

inh+

𐰾𐰤𐰏𐰤:𐰉𐰺𐰽:𐰢𐰤

esnegen:bars:men
I am a yawning leopard.


𐰉𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bā- (“to tie”). Cognate with Turkish bağ, Uzbek bogʻ, Bashkir бау (baw), Yakut быа (bıa).

𐰴𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆𐰣𐰆𐰍:𐰃𐰍𐰲𐰴𐰀:𐰉𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰉𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bar- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Chuvash пыр (pyr), Khalaj varmaq, Turkish varmak, Uzbek bormoq, Bashkir барыу (barıw), Yakut бар (bar).

𐰆𐰔𐰆𐰣𐱃𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰃𐰓𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰴𐰃𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

A woman went away, leaving behind her cups and bowls


𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yorï- (“to walk”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫӳре (śüre), Turkish yürümek, Uzbek yurmoq, Bashkir йөрөү (yöröw), Old Uyghur 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yorïmak) and Yakut сырыт (sırıt).

𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰃𐱃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰑𐰃:𐰴𐰢𐰍:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰍𐰑𐰃

A black cloud passed; it rained over everything.


𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰞𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *talu (“choice, selection”), equivalent to 𐱃𐰞𐰆 (talu, “choice”) + 𐰞𐰀 (-la).

der+

𐰀𐰴:𐱃:𐰴𐰺𐰽𐰽𐰃𐰣:𐰇𐰲:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰍𐱃𐰀:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰯𐰣:𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰚𐰀:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

A white horse, having chosen its adversary in three states of existence, sent it to a dumb for praying, it says.


𐰀𐱃𐰣

Derived from Proto-Turkic *āt (“name”), equivalent to 𐰀𐱃 (āt, “name”) + 𐰣 (-an). Cognate with Turkish atanmak (“to be appointed”).

𐰋𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇:𐰚𐰠𐰾𐰼:𐰇𐰔𐰃:𐰀𐱃𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰨𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰏:𐱃𐰃:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

When he comes home, he comes as a famous (and) joyful (warrior), (and) his horse as a capable (mount), it says.


𐰉𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bas- (“to press”). Cognate with Chuvash пус (pus), Khalaj basmaq, Turkish basmak, Bashkir баҫыу (baśıw), Yakut баттаа (battaa). Compare also Hungarian baszik, a Turkic borrowing.

inh+

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰉𐰽𐰢𐰽𐰺:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰠𐰤𐰢𐰾𐰼:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰠𐰭𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭𐰤:𐰚𐰢:𐰺𐱃𐱃𐰃:𐰆𐰑𐰀𐰲𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E22

If the sky above did not collapse and if the earth below did not give away, O Turkic people, who would be able to destroy your state and institutions?

𐰶𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰔:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰆𐰑𐰀:𐰉𐰽𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E35

...and fell upon the Kyrgyz people while they were asleep.


𐰾𐰃𐰓

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺit- (“to listen”). Cognate with Chuvash илт (ilt), Khalaj eşitmək, Turkish işitmek, Uzbek eshitmoq, Bashkir ишетеү (işetew), Yakut иһит (ihit).

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰾𐰃𐰓𐱅𐰃:𐰽𐰺𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰃:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Heaven above heard it; people below understood it, it says.


𐰃𐰑

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ï̄- (“to send”), equivalent to 𐰃 (ï-, “to send”) + 𐰑 (-d). Cognate with Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to send”).


𐰃𐰏𐰓

Inherited from Common Turkic *igid- (“to nourish”).

inh+

𐰃𐰏𐰓𐰘𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰤:𐰽𐰴𐰣𐰯

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E35

I thought: 'I shall nourish (the people)'...


𐰖𐰯

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yap- (“to make”). Cognate with Turkish yapmak.

𐰴𐰣:𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆:𐰖𐰯𐰢𐰃𐰾

After having ascended the throne, a khan built a royal camp.


𐰖𐰭𐰺𐰀

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yaŋ- (“to babble”) whence also *yaŋša- (“to babble”).

der+

𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰖𐰭𐰺𐰀𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰚𐰭𐰼𐰀𐰤𐰇𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

She mumbles in the morning (and) mutters to herself in the evening.


𐰖𐰪

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāń- (“to shake”). Cognate with Khalaj yâmaq, Azerbaijani yaxalamaq, Turkish yıkamak, Turkmen yāymak.

inh+

𐰣𐰃:𐰖𐰪𐰯:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰑𐰢𐰔
anï:yańïp:türgi:yarɣun:költe:bozdumuz

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E34

We dispersed them and put them to rout at the lake Türgi-Yargun.


𐰾𐰋

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *seb- (“to love, like”). Cognate with Chuvash сав (sav), Khalaj səvmək, Turkish sevmek, Uzbek sevmoq, Bashkir һөйөү (höyöw), Yakut иэй (iey).


𐱃𐰆𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Chuvash тыт (tyt), Khalaj tutmaq, Turkish tutmak, Uzbek tutmoq, Bashkir тотоу (totow), Yakut тут (tut).


𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰼

head

𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰼 (köčür-)

Causative form of an unrecorded 𐰚𐰇𐰲 (köč-, “to migrate”) + 𐰇𐰼 (-ür, “transitive suffix”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *köč- (“to migrate”).

inh+

𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰼𐰇:𐰴𐰆𐰣𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼

He comes (back) permitting (his soldiers) to nomadize and settle down (wherever they please).


𐰚𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹl-. Cognate with Chuvash кил (kil), Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kelmek), Khalaj kəlmək, Turkish gelmek, Uzbek kelmoq, Bashkir килеү (kilew), Yakut кэл (kel).

𐰼:𐱅𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰘𐰇:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼


𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼

From 𐰚𐰠 (kel-, “to come”) + 𐰇𐰼 (-ür, “transitive suffix”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Turkish getirmek.

inh+

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰼𐰚𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾

(Nevertheless) she gave birth to (brought) a white-spotted bull calf.


𐰴𐰲

Inherited from Common Turkic *kač- (“to flee”). Cognate with Turkish kaçmak, Uzbek qochmoq, Bashkir ҡасыу (qasıw).

𐰋𐰏𐰃:𐰴𐰲𐰑𐰃


𐰆𐰞𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ula- (“to attach”). Cognate with Turkish ulamak.

𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰸𐰃𐰭𐰃𐰣:𐰾𐰯𐰼:𐰢𐰤:𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰜𐰃𐰭𐰃𐰤:𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰢𐰤

I fix your broken parts (and) I join together your torn things.


𐰆𐰣𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *una- (“to approve”). Cognate with Turkish onamak.

𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰆𐰣𐰀𐰢𐰑𐰸


𐰃𐰞𐰃𐰤

From 𐰃𐰞 (il-, “to catch”) + 𐰃𐰤 (-in), intransitive-reflexive form of Proto-Turkic *īl- (“to catch”). Cognate with Turkish ilmek

𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰢𐰀𐱃𐰃𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰔𐰴𐰀:𐰃𐰞𐰃𐰤𐰢𐰃𐰾

(But) by not noticing it, was caught in a snare

(intransitive) to be caught on something


𐰖𐰍𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yagu- (“to approach”).

𐰖𐰍𐰞:𐱅𐰃𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IW5


𐰖𐰺𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yaru- (“to shine”). Cognate with Uzbek yorugʻ, Kazakh жарық (jaryq), Yakut сырдык (sırdık).

𐱃𐰭:𐱃𐰭𐰞𐰺𐰑𐰃:𐰆𐰑𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰼:𐰖𐰺𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐰆𐰑𐰆:𐰚𐰇𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰑𐰃

The dawn broke and the earth became bright and the sun rose.


𐰖𐰭𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yaŋïl- (“to mistake”). Cognate with Turkish yanılmak.

𐰖𐰭𐰞𐰯:𐰇𐰠𐰾𐰚𐰭𐰤:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰦𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S10-11

...and how you would (otherwise) perish by making mistakes, this, too I have recorded here.


𐰉𐰽𐰣

Derived from Proto-Turkic *bas- (“to press”), equivalent to 𐰉𐰽 (bas-, “to press”) + 𐰣 (-ïn).

der+

𐰔:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰤𐰀:𐰉𐰽𐰣𐰞𐰢

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIW4:

Why should we feel overwhelmed because of being few?

𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

It kept on eating while sinking down, (but) itself was eaten by a fox, it says.


𐰑𐰺𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adrïl- (“to be separated”), passive form of *adïr- (“to separate”). Cognate with Turkish ayrılmak.

inh+

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰴𐰣𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰘𐰤:𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲𐰑𐰀:𐰑𐰺𐰡𐰃:𐰴𐰣𐰞𐰦𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S12:

Without having found their khan, the Turkic people were parted from the Chinese, and got themselves a khan.


𐰍𐰺𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *agrï- (“to hurt”). Cognate with Turkish ağrımak. compare Korean 아프다 (apeuda), which also means both to hurt and to be sick.

𐰆𐰞𐰍:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰢:𐰍𐰺𐰯:𐰖𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰲𐰀:𐰸𐰆𐰍:𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤𐰏:𐰉𐰞𐰉𐰞:𐱅𐰃𐰚𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S9:

When my oldest son died of being sick, I readily had Qu, the general, erect him a balbal.


𐰴𐰃𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *iakït- (“to pour”), transitive form of *iak- (“to flow”). Cognate with Turkish akıtmak.

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰏:𐰉𐱁𐰞𐰖𐰆:𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N8:

We ordered (the army) to carry out a raid, while we left Prince Kül at home to command (the camp).


𐰞𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *alk- (“to finish, to complete, to destroy”).

inh+

𐰉𐰺𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰓𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏:𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰞𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, NE:

We finished his mausoleum, statues and paintings, and his inscription stone on the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month, on the Year of Monkey.


𐰋𐰓𐰔𐰠𐰀

Derived from Common Turkic *bediz (“decoration, ornamentation”), equivalent to 𐰋𐰓𐰔 (bediz, “decoration”) + 𐰠𐰀 (-le).

der+

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰭𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐰓𐰏𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃:𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰋𐰓𐰃𐰔𐰠𐰘𐰇:𐱅𐰃𐰼

The good (and) skillful men in all quarters of the world, having assembled (there), rejoice and adorn (his court), it says.


𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yolï- (“to pluck”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫул (śul),Turkish yolmak, Uzbek yulmoq, Bashkir йолҡоу (yolqow), Yakut сулуй (suluy).

inh+

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰴𐰃𐰞𐰲𐰃𐰣:𐰚𐰾𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰢:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰣:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Cutting my golden stomach with a sword, pluck my self out of its lair and pluck my head out of its house, it says.

𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰢𐰔:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰔

(Thus) we attacked and plundered (their camp).


𐰖𐰆𐰉𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yubul-, passive-reflexive form of *yub-.

𐰖𐰆𐰉𐰞𐰆:𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IN2:


𐰘𐰃𐱅

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yit- (“to become lost”). Cognate with Turkish yitmek, Yakut сүт (süt).

𐰃𐰤𐰢:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰚𐰃:𐱁𐰑:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰇𐰠𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰇:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰦𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E27:

Together with my younger brother, Prince Kül, and together with two shads, dying and getting lost, I won.


𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yitür- (“to lose”), equivalent to 𐰘𐰃𐱅 (yit-, “to be lost”) + 𐰼 (-ür). Cognate with Turkish yitirmek, Yakut сүтэр (süter).

𐰚𐰇𐰤:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰘𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰆𐰯:𐱅𐰇𐰤:𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰴𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰤𐰏𐰇𐰓𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰖:𐰆𐰞:𐱃𐰃𐰼

After having lost it at noon, where and how would it find it at midnight?, it says.


𐰴𐰉𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kabïĺč- (“to unite”). Cognate with Turkish kavuşmak, Uzbek qowushmoq, Kazakh қауысу (qauysu).

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰖𐰃𐰽:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰴𐰉𐰾𐰞𐰢:𐱅𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IE3:

'Let us reunite atop the Altai Mountains!" he said.


𐰏𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *egir- (“to spin”), from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋirmäk), Khalaj heyirmək, Turkish eğirmek, Uzbek yigirmoq. Compare also Mongolian ээрэх (eerex), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰏:𐰽𐰨𐰑𐰃:𐱃𐰸𐰔:𐰼𐰏:𐰏𐰼𐰀:𐱃𐰸𐰃𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N5-6:

He stabbed one man (with a lance) and stroke nine men surrounding them.


𐰋𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ebir- (“to turn”). Cognate with Chuvash авӑр (avăr), Turkish evirmek.

𐰱𐰏𐰼𐱅𐰢:𐰴𐰞𐰭𐰤:𐰋𐰼𐰇:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E25:

I subjugated them and caused (their tribute) to be brought around.


𐱅𐰇𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tüg- (“to tie, knot”). Cognate with Turkish düğmek, Uzbek tugmoq, Bashkir төйөу (töyöw), Tuvan дүйер (düyer).

𐱃𐰃𐰍:𐱃:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸𐰃𐰣:𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰯:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰼𐱅:𐰖𐰔𐰍:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰑𐰺𐱃

Tie up the roan horse's tail into a knot and make it run until it breaks wind; make the bay (horse) run until it (almost) spreads down (on the ground)


𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sok-uĺč-, reciprocative of *sok-. Equivalent to 𐰽𐰆𐰸 (soq-, “to crush, to beat”) + 𐰆𐰽 (-uš, reciprocative suffix).

af

𐰆𐱃𐰺𐰆:𐰚𐰃:𐰖𐰞𐰍:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃𐰣:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

(This road god) apparently met two joyful human beings.

𐰑𐰍𐰞𐰃⁚𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰞𐰃⁚𐰀𐰺𐱃⁚𐰇𐰔𐰀⁚𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

A bear and a boar met on a mountain pass.

𐰉𐰖⁚𐰼⁚𐰴𐰆𐰪𐰃⁚𐰇𐰼𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰤⁚𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾⁚𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃𐰚𐰀⁚𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

A rich man's sheep went away in a fright. It met a wolf.

𐰼⁚𐰴𐰆𐰍𐰆⁚𐰴𐰆𐰽𐰴𐰀⁚𐰽𐰆𐰴𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰾

𐰼⁚𐰇𐰢𐰀𐰠𐰘𐰇⁚𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾⁚𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰚𐰀⁚𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆⁚𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰓𐰀⁚𐰢𐰍𐰴𐰀⁚𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

In an open place it came across a wild goat.


𐰆𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *uč-. Compare Turkish uçmak, Uzbek uchmoq, Kyrgyz учуу (ucuu), Tuvan ужар (ujar).

𐰴𐰆𐰽⁚𐰆𐰍𐰃⁚𐰆𐰲𐰀⁚𐰀𐰔𐱃𐰃
quš:oɣ(l)ï:uča:aztï

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤⁚𐰸𐰆𐰪𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀⁚𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃⁚𐰘𐰏𐰼𐰢𐰚𐰃⁚𐰆𐰲𐰑𐰃
kültégin:qońyïlqa:yéti:yigirmiké:učdï

8th century CE, Kultegin Inscription, N13

Kültegin passed away on the seventeenth day of the Sheep Year


𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰀

From 𐰢𐰭𐰃 (mŋi /meŋi/, “joy”) + 𐰠𐰀 (l²a /-le/, verb forming suffix).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅⁚𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰭𐱃𐰴𐰃⁚𐰓𐰏𐰇𐰾𐰃⁚𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃⁚𐱅𐰃𐰼𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰯𐰤⁚𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼⁚𐰋𐰓𐰃𐰔𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼
t²ür²t²:b¹ul¹uŋt¹qi:d²güs²i:uy¹ur¹i:t²ir²il²ipn²:mŋil²y²ür²:b²d²izl²y²ür²

The good (and) skillful men in all quarters of the world, having assembled (there), rejoice and adorn (his court).