𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍

head

𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍 (qaɣanlïɣ)

From 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan, “khagan, king, emperor”) + 𐰞𐰍 (-lïɣ). Cognate with Turkish kağanlı (“having a khagan”)

af

𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰼𐱅𐰢:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰢:𐰴𐰣𐰃:𐰤𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰃𐰾𐰏:𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰏:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E9

'We used to be people who had their own khagan. Where is our khagan now? To which khagan are we giving our services?' they said.


𐰞𐰯

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *alp (“difficult, hard, brave; warrior”). Cognate with Chuvash улӑп (ulăp), Turkish alp (“hero”), Uzbek alp, Kazakh алып (alyp, “giant”), Tatar алып (alıp, “giant”), Yakut алып (alıp, “craftiness, deception, magic”).

cog

𐰦𐰍:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰪𐰃𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ańïg (“evil, sin”), equivalent to 𐰪 (ań-, “to fear”) + 𐰃𐰍 (-ïɣ). Cognate with Old Uyghur ʾʾyyγ (ayïɣ, “bad, extremely”), Karakhanid اَيِغْ (ayïɣ, “very, extremely”), Yakut аньыы (anyıı, “sin, evil”).

cog

𐰖𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰦𐰸𐰑𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰼𐰀:𐰪𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏:𐰦𐰀:𐰇𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S5

After such people have settled close to them, they are said to plan their ill will there.


𐰓𐰏𐰇

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *edgü (“good, excellent”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳 (edgü), Chuvash ырӑ (yră, “good”), Turkish iyi (“good”), Uzbek ezgu, Bashkir изге (izge, “holy, sacred”), Yakut үтүө (ütüö, “good”).

inh+

𐰽𐰺𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰽𐰉𐰲𐰃:𐰖𐰔𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰲:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰾𐰇𐰔:𐰽𐰉:𐰠𐱅𐰃:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

There comes a messenger on a yellow horse (and) an envoy on a dark brown horse, bringing good tidings, it says.


𐰾𐰤

Inherited from Common Turkic *esen (“sound, safe”). Cognate with Old Uyghur “s’n (esen), Turkish esen, Uzbek eson, Bashkir иҫән (iśən), Khakas изен (izen).

𐰾𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰜𐰠:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

(Thus, the sheep) became safe and sound, it says.


𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).


𐰀𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ạ̄č (“hungry, hunger”). Cognate with Chuvash выҫӑ (vyś̬ă), Turkish aç (“hungry”), Uzbek och, Bashkir ас (as, “hungry”), Yakut аас (aas, “hungry”).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰀𐰲:𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E38


𐰀𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), Turkish ak (“white”), Turkmen āk (“white”), Uzbek oq, Bashkir аҡ (aq), Yakut ак (ak).

𐰀𐰴:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺𐰞𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐰀𐰍𐰖

...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐰇𐰼𐰭

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ürüŋ (“white”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ürüŋ, “white”), Karakhanid [script needed] (ürüŋ, “white”), Khalaj hürün, Turkish ürün (“milk, dairy product”), Yakut үрүҥ (ürüñ, “white”).

cog

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰀𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰲𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾

A white-spotted cow was on the point of calving.


𐰚𐰇𐰚

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫk (“blue, green”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), Chuvash кӑвак (kăvak), Khalaj kö̂k, Turkish gök, Uzbek koʻk, Bashkir күк (kük), Yakut күөх (küöq) and also Hungarian kék, a Turkic borrowing.

inh+

𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰢𐰆𐰞:𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰢𐰤


𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *altun (“gold”). Cognate with Chuvash ылтӑн (ylt̬ăn, “gold”), Karakhanid اَلْتُونْ (altūn, “gold”), Old Uyghur ʾʾltwn (altun, “gold”), Turkish altın (“gold, golden”), Uzbek oltin, Bashkir алтын (altın, “gold”), Yakut алтан (altan, “copper”), Khakas алтын (altın, “gold, golden”). Compare also Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin) and Mongolian алт (alt), a Turkic borrowing.

𐱅𐰤:𐰾𐰃:𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰃𐰤:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

I am the Son of Heaven. In the morning and evening, I enjoy sitting on the golden throne.


𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍

head

𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍 (qutluɣ)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kutlug (“fortunate, blessed”) equivalent to 𐰴𐰆𐱃 (qut, “luck, fortune”) + 𐰞𐰆𐰍 (-luɣ). Cognate with Turkish kutlu (“happy, blessed”).

inh+

𐰲𐰆𐰚:𐱅𐰃𐰭:𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰔𐰆𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰼

'Lark! May your flesh be blessed!', he says.


𐰀𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āŕ (“few, very little”). Cognate with Karakhanid اازْ (āz, “scanty”), Turkish az (“few, little”), Turkmen āz (“few, little”), Bashkir әҙ (əź, “few, little”).

𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰔:𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰔:𐰖𐰉𐰔:𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰔

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E32


𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ortu (“middle”), from Proto-Turkic *or-. Cognate with Karakhanid [script needed] (ortu, “middle”), Turkish orta, Uzbek o'rta, Bashkir урта (urta), Yakut орто (orto).

cog

𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰓𐰀:𐰢𐰍𐰴𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

In an open (central) place it came across a wild goat.


𐰖𐰀𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāĺ (“young, fresh; vegetables”). Cognate with Old Uyghur yʾš (yaš, “fresh, moist”), Karakhanid ياشْ (yāš, “fresh, vegetable”), Turkish yaş (“fresh, wet, moist”), Turkmen ýāş (“young”), Uzbek yosh, Bashkir йәш (yəş), Tuvan чаш (çaş).

cog

𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐱃𐰍:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰆𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰽:𐱇:𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆:𐰉𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣:𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰀𐰽:𐰘𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰢𐰓𐰀:𐰆𐰔𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Thanks to the strength given by Heaven, having seen way (and) water on a mountain (and) having seen fresh grass on a mountain pasture, it went (there) walking. (Thus), drinking the water (and) eating the fresh grass it escaped death, it says.


𐰘𐰃𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹg. Cognate with Chuvash ҫи (śi), Azerbaijani yey, Turkish yeğ.

𐰇𐱅𐰜𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐱁𐰑𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐰏:𐰃𐰓𐰃:𐰖𐰸:𐰼𐰢𐱁
ötüken:yїšda:yég:idi:yoq:ermiš

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S4

There were no better lords in the Ötüken Mountains.


𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐

Derived from 𐱆𐰕 (tez-, “to flee”) + 𐰃𐰐 (-ig). Cognate with Turkish tez.

𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐰙𐰛𐰓𐰁:𐰟𐰯:𐰌𐰥

8-10th century CE, Kızıl-Çıraa II (e-44)


𐰀𐰞𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āla (“variegated”). Cognate with Chuvash ула (ula), Khalaj hâla bula, Turkish ala, Uzbek ola, Bashkir ала (ala), Yakut ала (ala).

inh+

𐰀𐰞𐰀:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰢𐰤

I am the road god with a variegated horse.


𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰨

head

𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰨 (bulɣanč)

From 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰀 (bulɣa-, “to stir; to cause disorder, to disturb”) + 𐰨 (-nč). Compare Bulgar possibly from Proto-Turkic *bulgar (“disturber”), aorist form of *bulga- and Turkish karışık (“mixed; disorderly”).

af

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰍𐰨:𐰆𐰞:𐱅𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, E5

...and he had said that the Turkic people were in disorder.


𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪

head

𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪 (čïɣań)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”). Compare also Greek τσιγγάνος (tsingános).

inh+

𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪𐰍:𐰉𐰖:𐰶𐰡𐰃:𐰔𐰃𐰍:𐰜𐰇𐱁:𐰶𐰡𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E16

He made the poor rich and the few numerous.


𐰉𐰖

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bāy (“rich”). Cognate with Turkish bay (“mister, sir, gentleman”), Uzbek boy, Bashkir бай (bay). Compare also Mongolian баян (bajan), a Turkic borrowing and Manchu ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ (bayan), a Mongolic borrowing.

𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰉𐰖:𐰴𐰃𐰡𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S10


𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰨

From 𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰴 (tarïq-, “to be uneasy, to be difficult”) + 𐰨 (-ïnč) from 𐱃𐰺 (tar, “narrow”) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *tār (“narrow”). Cognate with Turkish dar (“narrow”), Uzbek tor, Bashkir тар (tar), Tuvan тар (tar).

inh+

𐰆𐰍𐰔𐰃:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰨:𐰆𐰞:𐱅𐰢𐰾

He had said that the tribes were uneasy again.

uneasy, difficult, hard to manage (of a person or animal)


𐰋𐰭𐰏𐰇

head

𐰋𐰭𐰏𐰇 (beŋgü)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *beŋgü (“eternal”) possibly from Middle Chinese 萬古 (MC mjonH kuX, “aeons, eternal”). Cognate with Turkish bengi (“eternal”), Uzbek mangu (“eternal”), Bashkir мәңге (məñge, “eternal”), Yakut мэҥэ (meñe, “eternal”).

inh+

𐰇𐱅𐰜𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐱁:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰽𐰺:𐰋𐰭𐰏𐰇:𐰃𐰠:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰲𐰃:𐰾𐰤
ötüken:yïš:olursar:beŋgü:él:tuta:olurtačï:sen

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S8

If you stay at the Ötüken mountains, you will live forever dominating the tribes!


𐰽𐰣𐰽𐰔

Derived from Proto-Turkic *sān (“number”), equivalent to 𐰽𐰣 (san, “number”) + 𐰽𐰔 (-sïz), literally "numberless". Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽻𐽰𐽺 (san, “number”), Turkmen san, Uzbek son, Bashkir һан (han, “number”), Tuvan сан (san).

der+

𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰇𐰔𐰠𐰚:𐱃𐰃𐰤:𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰤:𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐱅𐰘𐰭𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰣𐰽𐰔:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯:𐰸𐰆𐰯:𐰸𐰆𐱃𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S12

They brought their good saddle-horses, their black sables and blue squirrels in an uncountable number and left them all.


𐰓𐰃𐱃𐰺

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼹𐼷𐼻𐼹𐼰𐼰𐽀 (δynδʾʾr, “religious”). Cognate with Turkish dindar (“religious”).

bor+

𐱃𐰖𐰏𐰇𐰤𐱃𐰣:𐰢𐰣𐰃𐰽𐱃𐰣𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏:𐰓𐰃𐱃𐰺:𐰉𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰀:𐰍𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰾𐰓𐰯
taygüntan:manïstantaqï:kičig:di(n)tar:burua:ɣuru:ešidip

...I, the young pious staying at the Taygüntan monastery, after having listened to the spiritual master of presage...


𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kičüg (“small”). Cognate with Chuvash кӗҫӗн (kĕś̬ĕn), Turkish küçük (“small”), Uzbek kichik, Bashkir кесе (kese), Yakut куччугуй (kuccuguy). Compare also Hungarian kicsiny, a Turkic borrowing.


𐰋𐰓𐰜

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bedük (“big”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽷 (bedük), Tuvan бедик (bedik), Turkish büyük.

𐰋𐰓𐰃𐰔:𐱅𐰃𐰔:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰇𐰤𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰢𐰇𐰭𐰼𐰀𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤
bed[ük]:tiz:üze:ünüpen:möŋreyür:men

Rising on my big (and powerful) knees, I bellow.


𐰖𐱁𐰞

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāĺïl (“green”), equivalent to 𐰖𐰀𐰽 (yāš) + 𐰞 (-ïl). Cognate with Chuvash ҫулҫӑ (śulś̬ă, “leaf”), Khalaj yâşıl (“green”), Azerbaijani yaşıl (“green”), Turkish yeşil (“green”), Uzbek yashil (“green”), Bashkir йәшел (yəşel, “green”), Yakut саһыл (sahıl, “fox”).

𐰖𐰽𐰞:𐰴𐰖𐰀:𐰖𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰴𐰃𐰔𐰃𐰞:𐰴𐰖𐰀:𐰴𐰃𐰽𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰆𐰞

My summer quarters is a green rock and my winter quarters is a red rock.


𐰶𐰃𐰔𐰞

head

𐰶𐰃𐰔𐰞 (qïzïl)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Cognate with Chuvash хӗрлӗ (hĕrlĕ), Khalaj qızıl, Azerbaijani qızıl (“gold, golden”), Turkish kızıl (“crimson”), Uzbek qizil, Bashkir ҡыҙыл (qıźıl, “red”), Yakut кыһыл (kıhıl).

inh+

𐰖𐰽𐰞:𐰴𐰖𐰀:𐰖𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰴𐰃𐰔𐰃𐰞:𐰴𐰖𐰀:𐰴𐰃𐰽𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰆𐰞


𐰽𐰺𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow; white”). Cognate to Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”), Khalaj sâruğ, Turkish sarı, Uzbek sariq, Bashkir һары (harı), Yakut араҕас (arağas). Compare also Mongolian шар (šar) as well as Hungarian sárga, a Turkic borrowing.


𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yogan (“thick”). Cognate with Khalaj yoğun, Turkish yoğun.

𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐱅𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰃:𐰆𐰲𐰔:𐰖𐰆𐰖𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰾𐰺:𐱃𐰆𐰯𐰞𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰸:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰘𐰨𐰏𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰽𐰺:𐰇𐰔𐰏𐰠𐰜:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IS6-7

That which is thin is easy to bend, they say; that which is tender is easy to break. If thin becomes thick, it is hard to bend it, they say; and if tender becomes tough, it is hard to break it, they say.


𐱃𐰸

Derived from Proto-Turkic *to- (“to be full”), equivalent to 𐱃𐰆 (to-, “to be full”) + 𐰸 (-uq). Cognate with Turkish tok, Uzbek to'q, Bashkir туҡ (tuq), Khakas тох (tox).

der+

𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰔𐰃:𐱃𐰸:𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IS1


𐰴𐰆𐰉𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kobï. Cognate with Turkish kof, kovuk.

𐰴𐰆𐰉𐰃:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴𐰨𐰃𐰭:𐰖𐰆𐰸

(However), you are not afraid of having no reputation.


𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸

Derived from Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“to become lean”), equivalent to 𐱃𐰆𐰺 (tor-, “to become lean”) + 𐰸 (-uq).

𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸:𐱃:𐰾𐰢𐰼𐰃𐱅𐰃

A lean horse fattened itself (on a pasture).


𐰘𐰃𐰢𐱁𐰴

head

𐰘𐰃𐰢𐱁𐰴 (yïmšaq)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yïmĺčak (“soft”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫемҫе (śemś̬e), Turkish yumuşak, Bashkir йомшаҡ (yomşaq), Yakut сымнаҕас (sımnağas).

inh+

𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏:𐰽𐰉𐰣:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐱁𐰴:𐰍𐰃𐰤:𐰺𐰯:𐰃𐰺𐰴:𐰉𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰨𐰀:𐰖𐰍𐰆𐱃𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾

Deceiving by means of their sweet words and soft materials, they are said to cause the remote people to come close in this manner.


𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏

head

𐰾𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰏 (süčig)

From Proto-Turkic *sǖčig (“sweet”). Cognate with Volga Bulgar سجو (sü(ü)çüw), Ottoman Turkish سوجی (süci, “wine”), Uzbek chuchuk, Bashkir сөсө (sösö), Yakut үчүгэй (ücügey).


𐰔𐰴𐰪𐰀

𐰔𐰴𐰪𐰀 (azqïńa)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *āŕ (“few, very little”), equivalent to 𐰀𐰕 (āz, “few”) + 𐰴𐰪𐰀 (-qïńa). Cognate with Old Uyghur ’’zxyn’ (azqïńa). Compare also Turkish azıcık (“very few”), diminutive of az (“few”).

der+

𐰆𐰞𐰍:𐰃𐰼𐰚𐰤:𐰔𐰶𐰪𐰀:𐰼𐰤:𐱅𐰔𐰯:𐰉𐰺𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E34

The great irkin, ran away together with very few men.


𐱃𐰞𐰢

Derived from Proto-Turkic *tāla- (“to harm”), equivalent to 𐱃𐰞𐰀 (tala-, “to harm”) + 𐰢 (-ïm). Cognate with Turkish dalamak.

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰴𐰣𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰢:𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰢𐰤

Although the feathers of my body are not yet fully grown, lying down by the sea, I catch what I please (and) I eat what I like.


𐰍𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *agïn (“dumb”).

inh+

𐰀𐰴:𐱃:𐰴𐰺𐰽𐰽𐰃𐰣:𐰇𐰲:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰍𐱃𐰀:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰯𐰣:𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰚𐰀:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

A white horse, having chosen its adversary in three states of existence, sent it to a dumb for praying, it says.


𐰢𐰺𐰴

Derived from Proto-Turkic *am-. Cognate with Old Uyghur ’’mr’x (amraq).

𐰢𐱃𐰃:𐰢𐰺𐰴:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰣𐰢:𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼


𐰉𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bār (“there is”). Cognate with Chuvash пур (pur), Turkish var, Uzbek bor, Bashkir бар (bar), Yakut баар (baar).

𐰔𐰆:𐰉𐰆:𐰽𐰉𐰢𐰑𐰀:𐰃𐰏𐰓:𐰉𐰺:𐰍𐰆

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, N7-8


𐰖𐰆𐰸

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yōk (“there is not, no”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫук (śuk), Khalaj yôq, Turkish yok, Uzbek yo'q, Bashkir юҡ (yuq), Yakut суох (suoq).

𐰴𐰆𐰉𐰃:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰴𐰆𐰺𐰴𐰨𐰃𐰭:𐰖𐰆𐰸


𐰖𐰆𐰸

𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰯:𐰖𐰸:𐰲𐰃𐰍𐰪:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰸𐰆𐰯:𐰸𐰆𐰉𐰺𐱃𐰑𐰢

Having succeeded to the throne, I gathered all the poor and destitute people together.


𐰴𐰺𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Chuvash хура (hura), Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara), Khalaj qara, Turkish kara, Uzbek qora, Bashkir ҡара (qara), Yakut хара (qara). Compare also Mongolian хар (xar).
For the second sense, compare Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara, “vulgar, plebeian”).

cog

𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰃𐱃:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰑𐰃:𐰴𐰢𐰍:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰍𐰑𐰃

A black cloud passed; it rained over everything.

𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰴𐰢𐰍:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐰇𐰏𐰃𐰼𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼


𐰺𐰞𐰃

Uncertain, possibly derived from Common Turkic *āra whence 𐰺𐰀 (ara), Clauson suggests a loanword from an unknown language.

𐱃𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰺𐰞𐰃:𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰢𐰤

I am a male maral deer with a nine-branched horn.

with a specific interval, branched, forked


𐰃𐰑𐰸

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ï̄- (“to send”), equivalent to 𐰃𐰑 (ïd-, “to send”) + 𐰸 (-uq). Cognate with Southern Altai ийер (iyer, “to send”).

der+

𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰑𐰸:𐰘𐰼:𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰲𐰃𐰢:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰸𐰆𐱃𐰃:𐱃𐰯𐰶𐰞𐰢𐰑𐰃:𐰼𐰨

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E35

Heaven above, the holy Earth and Water (Spirits below) and the soul of my uncle, the khagan, certainly did not like it.


𐰖𐰉𐰔

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yabïŕ (“bad”), itself from the same ultimate source as 𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴 (yablaq). Cognate with, Turkish yavuz, Kazakh жауыс (jauys).

inh+

𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼:𐰖𐰉𐰔:𐰆𐰞


𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōrug (“bay, reddish-brown”). Cognate with Turkish doru, Southern Altai торбок (torbok, “ox (with reddish-brown)”), Turkmen dōr, Tuvan доруг (dorug).

cog

𐰇𐰲𐰨:𐰘𐰏𐰤:𐰾𐰃𐰠𐰏:𐰋𐰏𐰭:𐰚𐰓𐰢𐰠𐰏:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍:𐱃:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E33

Thirdly, he mounted Lord Yegen Silig's dressed bay horse and attacked.


𐰇𐰏𐰾𐰔

head

𐰇𐰏𐰾𐰔 (ögsüz)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫgsiŕ, equivalent to 𐰇𐰏 (ög, “mother”) + 𐰾𐰔 (-süz, “-less”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ögsüz), Turkish öksüz, Bashkir үкһеҙ (ükheź), Tuvan өскүс (ösküs).

𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰇𐰏𐰾𐰔:𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱃𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰼𐰤:𐰽𐰨𐰑𐰃:𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰢𐰓𐰃
kültégin:ögsüz:aqïn:binip:toquz:eren:sančdï:orduɣ:bérmedi
Having mounted his orphan white (horse), Prince Kül stabbed nine men and didn't surrender the camp.

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N9


𐱃𐰖

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 大 (MC dajH|daH).

𐰴𐰭𐰃:𐰠𐰃𐰾𐰇𐰤:𐱃𐰖:𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤:𐰉𐱁𐰑𐰆:𐰋𐰃𐰾:𐰘𐰇𐰔:𐰼𐰤:𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S12:

...under the presidency of the great general Li Quan, the father of ... came five hundred men.


𐰑𐰨𐰃𐰍

𐰑𐰨𐰃𐰍 (adïnčïɣ)

Derived from Proto-Turkic *adï- (“to separate”), equivalent to 𐰑𐰣 (adïnč, “different”) + 𐰽𐰃𐰍 (-sïɣ).

der+

𐰭𐰺:𐰑𐰨𐰃𐰍:𐰉𐰺𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐱃𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S12:

I got them to build an extraordinary mausoleum.


𐰍𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”). Cognate with Chuvash йывӑр (jyvăr), Turkish ağır, Uzbek ogʻir, Bashkir ауыр (awır), Yakut ыар (ıar).

inh+

𐰍𐰃𐰺:𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰍:𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰃𐰍

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S15:

𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀:𐰍𐰺:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E2:


𐰔𐰲𐰃

Derived from Proto-Turkic *āŕ (“few, very little”), equivalent to 𐰀𐰕 (āz, “few”) + 𐰲𐰀 (-ča). Cognate with Turkish azca.

𐰔𐰲𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐱅𐰔𐰢𐰾:𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIW8:


𐰏𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *egri (“crooked, bent”) from *egir- (“to spin”), equivalent to 𐰏𐰼 (egir-, “to turn”) + 𐰃 (-i). Cognate with Turkish eğri.

𐰆𐰞:𐰘𐰼𐱅𐰀:𐰋𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰪𐰸𐰸:𐱅𐰏𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰜:𐰇𐰲𐰤:𐰽𐰺𐰍:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰇𐰼𐰭:𐰜𐰇𐰢𐰾:𐰶𐰃𐰔:𐰸𐰆𐰑𐰔:𐰏𐰼𐰃:𐱅𐰋𐰃:𐰍𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐰭𐰾𐰔:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IIS3-4:

Now, since I, wise Tonyukuk, cause (the Turkic armies) to reach as far as those lands, they brought (home) the yellow gold and the white silver; girls and women; crooked camels and treasures in abundance.


𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁

head

𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁 (ɣašɣa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaĺčga (“white spot on an animal's head”). The initial g- is due to the dialect of the writer, compare 𐰐𐰢𐰳𐰐 (Gemčig, “Khemchik”) and 𐰐𐰙𐰛 (géyik, “game”) from the same text.
Cognate with Southern Altai кашкалак (kaškalak), Azerbaijani qaşqa, Kyrgyz качка (kacka) and Khakas хасха (xasxa).
Compare also the borrowed Persian قشق (qašqa, “blaze”) and possibly Proto-Mongolic *kaljan (“white headed”).

inh+

𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁:𐱄𐰫𐰢

8-10th century CE, Kemçik-Çıgrak (e-41), section 11:

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, zootomy) having a white forehead


𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yablak, itself from the same source as 𐰖𐰉𐰔 (yabïz).

𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕𐰆𐰭:𐰕𐰃𐰍𐰃:𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼:𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭:𐰖𐰉𐰞𐰴:𐰆𐰞

The boar's tusks broke, it says. Know thus: (The omen) is bad.


𐰖𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yalŋuz. Compare Turkish yalnız, Uzbek yolgʻiz, Kyrgyz жалгыз (jalgız), Tuvan чаңгыс (çañgıs).

𐱃𐰞𐰢⁚𐰆𐰺𐰃⁚𐰖𐰺𐰣𐰲𐰀⁚𐰖𐰽𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤⁚𐰖𐰞𐰢⁚𐰴𐰖𐰍⁚𐰖𐰺𐰀⁚𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰰𐰣⁚𐰖𐰞𐰭𐰆𐰽𐰆𐰣⁚𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆𐰺⁚𐱅𐰃𐰼
talïm:urï:yarïn(:)ača:yasïčin:yalïm:qayaɣ:yara:urupan:yalŋusun:yurïyor:tér

A bold youth marches alone, opening (his) shoulder, striking and splitting the bare rock with a broad arrow-head, it says.