𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍

head

𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍 (qaɣanlïɣ)

From 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan, “khagan, king, emperor”) + 𐰞𐰍 (-lïɣ). Cognate with Turkish kağanlı (“having a khagan”)

af

𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰞𐰍:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰼𐱅𐰢:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰢:𐰴𐰣𐰃:𐰤𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰴𐰀:𐰃𐰾𐰏:𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰏:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E9

'We used to be people who had their own khagan. Where is our khagan now? To which khagan are we giving our services?' they said.


𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋri (“sky, heaven, god”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry), Karakhanid تَنْكْرٖى (teŋrī), Yakut таҥара (tañara) Turkish tanrı.

inh+

Tengri, the chief deity of Turkic mythology.


𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃

𐰴𐰆𐰞:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐰋𐰏𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰤𐰇𐰼:𐰴𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰏𐰼𐰇:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺𐰆𐰺

The slave's words are a request to his master; the ravens words are a prayer to heaven.


𐰴𐰍𐰣

Thought to be a borrowing from an uncertain source, possibly a Yeniseian language. Cognate to Turkish kağan (“khagan”), and Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan, “king, khan”), which Clauson (1972) considers a loanword from Turkic; though the reverse loan direction (from Mongolic into Turkic) was equally likely, as Turks borrowed this title from the Rourans (as proposed by Vovin, 2007). Compare also Turkish hākān, an early Arabicized form from Arabic خاقان (ḵāqān).

𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐱅𐰏:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐱁:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰉𐰆:𐰇𐰓𐰚𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, S1

I, the God-like and Heaven-born Turkic Bilge Khagan, succeeded to the throne at this time.


𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).


𐰋

⇒ Old Hungarian: 𐳂, 𐲂

Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek β (b, “beta”) through intermediaries.

der+

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /b/ and /v/ used with front vowels.


𐰋

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *äb (“house”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽱 (äv); Tuvan өг (ög), Khakas иб (ib), Shor ӱй (üy), Northern Altai ӱг (üg); Siberian Tatar өй (öy), Bashkir өй (öy), Tatar өй (öy); Uyghur ئۆي / öy / өй, Uzbek uy; Turkish ev (“house”); Khalaj həv; etc.

inh+

𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰋:𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰤𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰴𐰭

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŋ (“father”). Cognate to Karakhanid قَنْكْسِقْ (qaŋsïq, “step-father”), Karakhanid قَنْكْدَشْ (qaŋdaš, “half brother”), Old Uyghur qʾnk (qaŋ, “father”).

cog

𐰴𐰆𐰍𐰆:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰴𐰣𐰀𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰣𐰃𐰣:𐰴𐰞𐰃𐰖𐰆:𐰉𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣:𐰇𐰏𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰭𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐱅𐰏𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾

The swan placed (him) on its wings (and) flew up with him. (Thus) it brought him to his mother and father.


𐰯𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *apa (“father”). Cognate to Karakhanid اَبا (apā, “father, bear”), Old Uyghur ʾʾpʾ (apa, “ancestor”), Khakas аба (aba, “father”). Compare also Buryat аба (aba, “father”), Mongolian авга (avga, “paternal uncle”), ав (av, “father”).

inh+

𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃𐰦𐰀:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰲𐰃𐰢:𐰯𐰀𐰢:𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰃𐰾𐱅𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰢𐱁
kiši:oɣlïnta:üze:ečim:apam:bumïn:qaɣan:istemi:qaɣan:olurmïš

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E1

Over the human beings, my ancestors Bumin Khagan and Istemi Khagan became rulers.


𐰸

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōk (“tribe”). Cognate with Chuvash йӑх (jăh).

𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰃:𐰖𐰍𐰢𐰔:𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IE2:

The khagan of the Ten Tribes was our enemy.


𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 公主 (MC kuwng tsyuX, “princess”). Compare also Japanese 公主 (kōshu), Korean 공주 (gongju), Mongolian гүнж (günž), Chinese borrowings.

𐰋𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇:𐰚𐰠𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰨:𐰴𐰆𐰨𐰆𐰖𐰃:𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰞𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾

He went to (look at) his house (and saw that) his third princess had just given birth to a son.


𐰸𐰆𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kut. Cognate with Chuvash хӑт (hăt), Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽳𐾀 (kut), Karakhanid قُتْ (qut), Turkish kut, Uzbek қут (qut), Bashkir ҡот (qot), Kazakh құт (qūt), Kyrgyz кут (kut), Shor қут (qut), Khakas хут (xut), Tuvan кут (kut), Dolgan кут (kut), Yakut кут (kut). Compare also Mongolian хутаг (xutag) and Manchu ᡥᡠᡨᡠᡵᡳ (huturi), Turkic borrowings.

𐰴𐰆𐱃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤

head

𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 (seŋün)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 將軍 (MC tsjang|tsjangH kjun, “general”). Compare also Japanese 将軍 (shōgun), Korean 장군 (janggun), Manchu ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ (janggin) and Khitan 𘰷𘯀𘱚𘱕 (*s iaŋ g ün), Chinese borrowings.

𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐰸𐰆𐰣𐰃:𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤𐰏:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰪𐰍𐰺𐰆:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰺𐰀:𐰾𐰢𐰏:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰾
tabɣačɣaru:qunï:seŋünüg:ïdmïš:qïtańɣaru:toŋra:esimig:ïdmïš
(He) is said to have sent General Qu to the Chinese and Tongra Esim to the Khitan Empire

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscriptions, IS2


𐱁𐰑

From an Iranian language, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati. Compare also Turkish şah (“shah”) a borrowing from the same source through Persian شاه (šâh, “king”).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰘𐰏𐰼𐰢𐰃:𐰖𐱁𐰃𐰢𐰴𐰀:𐱃𐰺𐰑𐰆𐱁:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱁𐰑:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E15

I ruled over the Tardu people as their shad at the age of fourteen.

Shad, a title, usually considered to be one step below the khagan


𐰆𐰍𐱁

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *oguĺ (“kin, generation”).

inh+

𐰖𐱁𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰽𐰢𐰞:𐰃𐰑𐰸𐱃:𐰆𐰍𐱁𐰢:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐱅𐰼𐰃:𐰺𐰴𐱁:𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰔:𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰤:𐰾𐰇𐰠𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E25

At the age of twenty, I went on a campaign against the Basmil-Qut, who were my tribe, because they did not send caravans.


𐰇𐰏

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫg- (to praise). Cognate with Turkish övmek, Yakut үөр (üör).

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰋𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰃𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰃𐰤:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰇:𐱅𐰃:𐰢𐰍:𐰃𐱅𐰓𐰃:𐰇𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S15

(My father, the khagan), profoundly glorified and praised the Turkic lords and people.


𐰍𐰆𐰺𐰆

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”). Cognate with English guru.

bor+

𐰉𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰀:𐰍𐰆𐰺𐰆:𐰾𐰓𐰯:𐰲𐰢𐰔:𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰏:𐰽𐰭𐰆𐰣:𐰃𐱅𐰀𐰲𐰸:𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰓𐰢

...after having listened to the burua guru ( i.e. the spiritual master of presage), wrote (this book) for our affectionate big brother General Itachuk.


𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰺𐰸

From an unattested root 𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰺 (buyur-, “to order”) + 𐰸 (-uq), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *buyur- (“to order”). Cognate with Chuvash пӳр (pür), Khalaj buyurmaq, Turkish buyurmak (“to order, to request”), Turkish buyruk (“order”), Uzbek buyurmoq, Bashkir бойороу (boyorow).

cog

𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰺𐰸𐰃:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰼𐰨:𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰼𐰨

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, E4

Their ministers, too, were presumably wise and tough.


𐰾𐰇𐰭𐰏

head

𐰾𐰇𐰭𐰏 (süŋüg)

From 𐰾𐰇𐰭 (süŋ-, “to pierce”) + 𐰏 (-üg) itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *süŋ- (“to pierce, to war”). Cognate with 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš, “battle, war”), 𐰾𐰇𐰭𐱁 (süŋüš-, “to fight, to war”).

inh+

𐰾𐰇𐰭𐰏:𐰉𐱃𐰢𐰃:𐰴𐰺𐰍:𐰾𐰇𐰚𐰯𐰤

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, D26-27

Having opened our way through the lance-deep snow...


𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤

head

𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 (laɣzïn)

Unknown, but considered foreign for phonological reasons.
# Clauson suggests a Tocharian origin, however Vovin notes that the only recorded word for pig in Tocharian languages is Tocharian B suwo from Proto-Indo-European *suw-on- (“pig”).
# Doerfer considers the word to be of Hunnic origin.
# Hamilton agrees with Ligeti on it being a borrowing from a Paleo-Asiatic language.
# Räsänen considers a Chinese origin but like Cluson doesn't give a specific example. He also points out Mongolian логш (logš, “pigsty”).
# Thomson suggests a relation with Manchu ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (ulgiyan, “swine, pig”).

𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S10

In the year of Pig, on the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month...

(astrology) year of the Pig, the twelfth year under the twelve-year lunar cycle.


𐰠𐰇

→ Middle Mongol: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ／луу (luu)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 龍 (MC ljowng, “dragon”), specifically from a dialect without the final -ŋ.

𐰠𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:

8th century CE, Ongin Inscription, Supp. 4


𐰲𐰉𐰾

Inherited from Common Turkic *čabïš (“commander”). Cognate with Turkish çavuş (“sergeant; noncommissioned officer”).

cog

𐰋𐰠𐰏𐰾𐰃:𐰲𐰉𐰾𐰃:𐰋𐰤:𐰝:𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IS7

I, myself, was his advisor and commander.


𐰖𐰑𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yadag (“foot soldier; on foot”). Cognate with Turkish yaya (“pedestrian”), Uzbek yayov (“on foot”), Bashkir йәйәү (yəyəw, “by foot”), Yakut сатыы (satıı, “on foot”).

inh+

𐰖𐰑𐰍:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰃𐰤:𐰚𐰦𐰃:𐰚𐰇𐰤:𐰸𐰆𐰯:𐰇𐰠𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S1

On the second day, I killed their foot soldiers in great numbers.


𐰋𐰇𐰠𐰤

head

𐰋𐰇𐰠𐰤 (bölün)

𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇𐱅:𐰴𐰍𐰦𐰀:𐰋𐰇𐰠𐰤:𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N12


𐱅𐰃𐰤𐰾𐰃

𐱅𐰃𐰤𐰾𐰃 (ténsi)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 天子 (MC then tsiX). Compare also Japanese 天子 (tenshi), Korean 천자 (cheonja), Chinese borrowings as well as Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠵᡠᡳ (abkai jui), Chagatai اسمان نینک اوغلی, Classical Mongolian ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ (tngri-yin köbegün), Chinese calques.

cog

اسمان نینک اوغلی

Chagatai اسمان نینک اوغلی

ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ

𐱅𐰤:𐰾𐰃:𐰢𐰤


𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yūrt (“camping-site”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫурт (śurt), Khalaj yûrt, Turkish yurt, Uzbek yurt, Bashkir йорт (yort), Yakut сурт (surt). Compare also Russian ю́рта (júrta), a Turkic borrowing.

inh+

𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰴𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰍𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾

A devout old woman remained (alone) in a (deserted) camp.


𐰴𐰆𐰞

Inherited from Common Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”). Cognate with Turkish kul (“servant”), Uzbek qul, Bashkir ҡол (qol), Yakut кулут (kulut).


𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰲

Derived from Proto-Turkic *yāl-. Cognate with Turkish yalvaç (“prophet”).

𐰽𐰺𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰽𐰉𐰲𐰃:𐰖𐰔𐰍:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰲:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰾𐰇𐰔:𐰽𐰉:𐰠𐱅𐰃:𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼:𐱅𐰃𐰼

There comes a messenger on a yellow horse (and) an envoy on a dark brown horse, bringing good tidings, it says.


𐰃𐰺𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ïrk (“omen, prediction, divinition”).

inh+

𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼:𐰉𐰆:𐰃𐰺𐰴:𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰀:𐰀𐰔:𐰢𐰏𐰚𐰃:𐰉𐰺:𐰚𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰣𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺

Know thus: at the beginning of this omen there is a little pain; (but) later it becomes good again.


𐱃𐰖𐰏𐰇𐰤𐱃𐰣

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 大雲堂 (MC dajH|daH hjun dang).

𐱃𐰖𐰏𐰇𐰤𐱃𐰣:𐰢𐰣𐰃𐰽𐱃𐰣𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏:𐰓𐰃𐱃𐰺
taygüntan:manïstantaqï:kičig:di(n)tar
...I, the young pious (disciple) staying at the Taygüntan monastery...


𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑

Derived from Common Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”), equivalent to 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “(male) slave, servant”) + 𐰑 (-ad).

af

𐰘𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰔:𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰯:𐰠𐰾𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰽𐰺𐰢𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰚𐰇𐰭𐰓𐰢𐰾:𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰑𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E13

After they had numbered seven hundred men, (my father, the khagan), organized and ordered the people who had lost their state and khagan, the people that had turned into slaves and servants...

(intransitive) to become a male slave, servant


𐰲𐰆𐰺

Uncertain, possibly borrowed from Middle Chinese 卒 (MC tswit|tshwot|tswot, “soldier”).

𐰭:𐰠𐰚𐰃:𐱃𐰑𐰴𐰣:𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃
eŋ:ilki:tadïqïn:čorïŋ:boz:atïɣ:binip:tegdi

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscriptions, E32

Very first, he mounted Tadıq Chor's gray horse and attacked.


𐱄𐰆𐰟

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tul(k) (“widow”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑлӑх (tălăh, “orphan”), Old Uyghur twl (tul), Turkish dul, Uzbek tul, Bashkir тол (tol).

inh+

𐰵𐰆𐰗𐰒𐰁:𐰵𐰆𐰩𐰆𐰗𐰆𐰢:𐱄𐰆𐰟:𐰵𐰟𐱄𐰄:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢

My wife, the princess, at hearth became a widow, alas!


𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆

Of unknown origins, see Yabghu for more information.

𐱅𐰇𐰠𐰃𐰾:𐱃𐰺𐰑𐰆𐱁:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰍:𐰦𐰀:𐱅𐰢𐰾:𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆𐰍:𐱁𐰑𐰍:𐰦𐰀:𐰋𐰼𐰢𐰾
tölis:tarduš:bodunuɣ:anta:étmiš:yabɣuɣ:šadïɣ:anta:bérmiš

He also organized there the Tiele and Tardu people and gave them a yabghu and a shad there.

Yabghu, a title, usually considered to be two steps below the khagan


𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *xātun (“queen, lady”) itself borrowed from Sogdian 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼷𐼻 (xwtyn). Cognate with Turkish kadın, Uzbek xotin, Bashkir ҡатын (qatın), Tuvan када (kada). Compare also Mongolian хатан (xatan).

𐰴𐰭𐰢:𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰼𐰾:𐰴𐰍𐰣𐰍:𐰇𐰏𐰢:𐰃𐰠𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣𐰍:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰾𐰃𐰦𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰯:𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰇:𐰚𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E11

(They) held my father Ilterish Khagan and my mother El Bilga Khatun at the top of heaven and raised them upwards.

a type of female ruler; khatun, queen, empress


𐰖𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ańak (“pot, cup”).

𐰆𐰔𐰆𐰣𐱃𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰃𐰓𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰤:𐰖𐰴𐰃𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

A woman went away, leaving behind her cups and bowls


𐰽𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *asïg (“profit”). Compare also Mongolian ашиг (ašig), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰨𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼:𐰽𐰍𐰃:𐰉𐰺:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐰆𐰞

Know thus: (The omen) has profit, it is good.


𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ordu (“palace”). Cognate with Turkish ordu, Uzbek orda, Bashkir урда (urda), Yakut ордуу (orduu). Compare also Mongolian орд (ord), Middle Chinese 甌脫, possibly Turkic borrowings.

𐰴𐰣:𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆:𐰖𐰯𐰢𐰃𐰾

After having ascended the throne, a khan built a royal camp.


𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), unrelated to 𐰠 (él, “realm”).

𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰺:𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼:𐰘𐰇𐰔𐰲𐰀:𐰼𐰏:𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰼𐰇:𐱅𐰔𐰯:𐰉𐰺𐰑𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E37

The governor of the Uyghurs, together with about one hundred men, fled toward the east...


𐰉𐰆𐰑

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bod (“stature, size; tribe, kin”). Cognate with Turkish boy, Bashkir буй (buy).

inh+

𐰴𐰯𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰾𐰃𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰘𐰼𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰘𐰢𐰀:𐰃𐰓𐰃:𐰖𐰸:𐰼𐱅𐰲𐰃:𐰼𐱅𐰃

...In the land of Qapaghan Qaghan, and of the Turkic Sir people, there would've been neither tribes, nor people, nor human beings at all.


𐰖𐰆𐰍

Inherited from Common Turkic *yōg (“funeral”), perhaps ultimately from Scythian, however a derivation from *yō- (“to erase”) has also been suggested. Compare Ossetian дугъ (duǧ), Ancient Greek δόγια (dógia, “funeral service”).

noncog

𐰖𐰆𐰍:𐰘𐰯𐰺𐰃𐰍:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯:𐱅𐰃𐰚𐰀:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S11:

They brought scented (candles) for the funeral and set them up for us.


𐱃𐰢

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tām (“wall”). Cognate with Turkish dam (“roof”), Uzbek tom (“roof”), Kazakh там (tam, “grave”).

inh+

𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰼𐰢𐰃:𐰚𐰇𐰤:𐰆𐰞𐰺𐰯:𐰉𐰆:𐱃𐱁𐰴𐰀:𐰉𐰆:𐱃𐰢𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰖𐰆𐰞𐰍𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰓𐰢

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, SE:

Having sat down twenty days, I, Prince Yollug, inscribed on this stone and on this wall.


𐰢𐰣𐰃𐰽𐱃𐰣

Old Uyghur: mʾnystʾn (manïstan)

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼺𐼰𐼻𐼷𐼼𐽂𐼰𐼻 (mʾnystʾn, “monastery”).

bor+

𐱃𐰖𐰏𐰇𐰤𐱃𐰣:𐰢𐰣𐰃𐰽𐱃𐰣𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏:𐰓𐰃𐱃𐰺

...I, the young pious (disciple) staying at the Taygüntan monastery...


𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰞𐰀

Uncertain, however cognate with Danube Bulgar ΒΟΗΛΑ, ΒΟΥΗΛΑ, ΒΟΙΛΑ (BOYLA).

𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰪𐰸𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰖𐰞𐰀:𐰉𐰍𐰀:𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰠𐰀:𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰼𐰾:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰖𐰣:𐰋𐰼𐰘𐰀:𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲𐰍:𐰇𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰴𐰃𐱃𐰪𐰍:𐰖𐰃𐰺𐰖𐰀:𐰆𐰍𐰔𐰍:𐰇𐰚𐰾:𐰝:𐰇𐰠𐰼𐱅𐰃

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IW6:

Having become a khagan in the company of the Wise Tonyukuk Boila Bagha Tarkhan, Ilterish killed in great numbers the Chinese to the south, the Kihtans to the east and the Oghuz to the north

a type of nobility, seemingly close to the ruler; boyar, boila


𐰲𐰃𐰏𐰾𐰃

head

𐰲𐰃𐰏𐰾𐰃 (čigši)

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 刺史 (MC tshjeH|tshjek sriX, “provincial governor”).

ltc-l

𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰺:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰃:𐱅𐰏𐱅𐰢𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰓𐰝𐰓𐰀:𐰴𐰣𐰢𐰀:𐱃𐰺𐰍𐰴𐰉𐱂𐰃𐰴𐰍𐰾𐱃𐰲𐰸𐰋𐰏𐰔𐰚𐰼:𐰲𐰃𐰏𐰾𐰃:𐰉𐰃𐰞𐰀:𐰉𐰍𐰀𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣:𐰇𐰲𐰘𐰇𐰕𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍𐰴:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰃
uyɣur:bodunïtegitimin:bubitidükde:qanïma:turɣaqbašïqaɣasatačuqbegzeker:čigši:bïla:baɣatarqan:üčyüzturɣaq:turïtdï
While the princes from my Uyghur people write this, the head of his guards Kagas Ataçuk, (along with) Begzeger the district magistrate and Bıla Bagha Tarkhan, three hundred guards planted (the inscription).