𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱄

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yunt (“horse, mare”). Cognate to Karakhanid يُنْدْ (yund, “horse”), Chagatai یونت (yunt, “horse”), Old Anatolian Turkish یونت (yont, “mare”), dialectal Turkish yont (“stray animal”).

cog

𐰉𐰃𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰴:𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱄:𐰾𐰃𐰕𐰢𐰀:
b¹iŋ:b¹ud¹r¹q:y¹un¹t¹:s²izma:

circa 8th-9th centuries, 𐱂𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰠𐰆𐰐𐰁 (Šümül-öge), Kezheelig-Hovu (е-45) line 8

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, equestrianism, hapax legomenon) horse


𐰹

Pictogram of an arrow, compare Proto-Turkic *ok (“arrow”), whence Etymology 2.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /uq/, /oq/, /qu/, /qo/, used with back vowels.


𐰊𐱄𐰆𐰻

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bagatur, itself of uncertain origins. Cognate with Bashkir батыр (batır), Kazakh батыр (batyr), Turkish Batur. Compare also Proto-Mongolic *baxatur whence Mongolian баатар (baatar), Persian بهادر (bahâdor) whence Turkish bahadır and Middle Chinese 冒頓 (MC mawH|mok twonH).

𐰼𐰓𐰢:𐰊𐰟𐰽𐰻:𐰢𐰆𐰣𐰎:𐰼𐰢𐰕:𐰢𐰆𐰣𐰎:𐰼𐰾𐰢:𐰕𐰼𐰈:𐰟𐰵𐰣𐰯:𐰼𐰓𐰢𐰠𐰐:𐰊𐱄𐰆𐰻:𐰢𐰥

When there is valor, there is no sorrow, and when there is sorrow, then I am the hero Ezeru


𐰛

Derived from Sogdian 𐼋 (k, “kaph”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܟ (“kaph”).

(Irk Bitig, Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /k/, used with front vowels.


𐰌𐰥

Yenisei Kyrgyz variant of Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n²).


𐰃𐰥𐰐𐰥

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *in ~ *in-gen (“female camel”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤 (in²gn² /ingän/, “female camel”) and Karakhanid اِنْكانْ (ïnğan).

cog

𐰃𐰥𐰭𐰕𐰚𐰁:𐰃𐰲𐰭𐰕𐰚𐰁:𐰃𐰥𐰐𐰥𐰘𐰝𐰃:𐰃𐰠𐰕:𐱅𐰈𐱀𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕
in²ŋzka:ičŋzka:in²gn²y²k̥i:il²z:t²üšr²t²ŋz

c. 8th-9th centuries, Altyn-kol (е-28) line 9

Please drop off your she-camel carriages [and give them] to your younger and elder brothers.

/İniŋizkä, äčiŋizkä ingän yüki äliz tüšürtiŋiz./


𐱄

𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰞𐰯:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀𐱅𐰆𐱄𐱂𐰺𐰚𐰈𐰲:𐰼𐱅𐰭𐰕𐰀

8-10th century CE, Altın-Köl I (e-28), section 5:

If you would throw it, you were the hero; if you would hold it, you were the power itself.

atsar alp ertiŋiz e t²utsar küč ertiŋiz e


𐰿𐰥

Derived from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”), equivalent to 𐰿 (eš-, “to trot”) + 𐰥 (-in) Cognate with Turkish eşmek.

der+

𐰿𐰣𐰹𐰃:𐱄𐰟𐰻𐰢:𐰿𐰥𐱆𐰢


𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐

Derived from 𐱆𐰕 (tez-, “to flee”) + 𐰃𐰐 (-ig). Cognate with Turkish tez.

𐱆𐰕𐰃𐰐:𐰛𐰅𐰙𐰛𐰓𐰁:𐰟𐰯:𐰌𐰥

8-10th century CE, Kızıl-Çıraa II (e-44)


𐱆𐰌𐰄

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tebe (“camel”). Cognate with Turkish deve (“camel”).

inh+

𐰟𐰄𐱆𐰐𐱆𐰌𐰄𐰆𐰠𐰼𐱆𐰄𐰢
l¹it²gt²b²iul²r²t²im

circa 10th century, 𐰄𐰼𐰵𐰥 𐰱𐰻𐰎𐰱𐰆𐰻 (İrkin Čarïġ-čor), Del Uul Inscription I.4


𐱄𐰆𐰟

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tul(k) (“widow”). Cognate with Chuvash тӑлӑх (tălăh, “orphan”), Old Uyghur twl (tul), Turkish dul, Uzbek tul, Bashkir тол (tol).

𐰵𐰆𐰗𐰒𐰁:𐰵𐰆𐰩𐰆𐰗𐰆𐰢:𐱄𐰆𐰟:𐰵𐰟𐱄𐰄:𐰾𐰄𐰕𐰢

My wife, the princess, at hearth became a widow, alas!


𐰅

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek α (a, “alpha”) through intermediaries.

der+

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A variant letter of the Orkhon script


𐰗

Pictogram of a bow, compare Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /j/, used with back vowels.


𐰽𐰗

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *say (“area covered with stones; shallow”). Cognate with Azerbaijani say.

inh+

𐰽𐰗:𐱆𐰐:𐰽𐰻𐰎:𐰡𐰣𐰢


𐰁

Derived from Sogdian 𐼁 (ʾ, “aleph”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܐ (“aleph”).


𐰄

Derived from Sogdian 𐼊 (y, “yodh”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܝ (“yodh”).


𐰌

Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek β (b, “beta”) through intermediaries.

der+

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /b/ and /v/ used with front vowels.


𐰎

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɣ/, used with back vowels.


𐰐

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “gamma”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɡ/, used with front vowels.


𐰒

Clauson suggests that it might ultimately be derived from Classical Syriac ܕ (“daleth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /d/ and /ð/, used with back vowels.


𐰕

Clauson suggest that it might ultimately be derived from Ancient Greek Ζ (Z, “zeta”) through intermediaries.

(Irk Bitig, Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /z/, used in both vowel types.


𐰙

Two possibilities:
# Clauson (1962) suggests that it was derived from Sogdian 𐼊 (y, “yodh”) ultimately from Classical Syriac ܝ (“yodh”).
# Clauson (1970) suggests that it was derived from Ancient Greek Ι (I, “iota”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /j/, used with front vowels.


𐰝

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /yk/, /øk/, /ky/, /kø/ used with front vowels.


𐰟

Derived from Sogdian 𐼌 (δ, “lamed”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܠ (“lamed”)

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /l/ with back vowels.


𐰥

Derived from Ancient Greek Ν (N, “nu”) through intermediaries.

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /n/, used with front vowels.


𐰩

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ntʃ/.


𐰫

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɲ/


𐰬

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ŋ/.


𐰰

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /yp/, /øp/, /py/, /pø/ used with front vowels.


𐰳

Derived from Sogdian 𐼗 (c, “sadhe”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܨ (“sadhe”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t͡ʃ/.


𐰵

Derived from Sogdian 𐼉 (x, “heth”), ultimately from Derived from Classical Syriac ܚ (“heth”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /q/ used with back vowels.


𐰷

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ɯq/.


𐰻

Derived from Sogdian 𐼘 (r, “resh”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܪ (“resh”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /r/, used with back vowels.


𐱀

𐳤

reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes

Derived from Sogdian 𐼙 (š, “shin”) ultimately from Classical Syriac ܫ (“shin”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ʃ/.


𐱆

Derived from Sogdian 𐼜 (t, “taw”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܬ (“taw”).

(Yenisei Kyrgyz) A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with front vowels.


𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛

kk̥mk (romanization)
kökmek (romanization)

Unknown, there are some plausible cognates including Western Yugur kegmek (“a kind of deer”).

𐰙𐱆𐰄:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰓𐰢𐰀𐰊𐰻𐰽𐰎:𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛𐰐𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰢𐰓𐰢𐰀

8-10th century CE, Begre (e-11), line 10:

I killed seven wolves, but did not kill leopards or stags.


𐱄𐰪

Due to the two distinct spellings in the text the exact reading and etymology is uncertain.
There exists two main proposals:
* Tekin takes the first spelling as correct and proposes the reading atan ("gelded camel").
* Aydın on the other hand takes the second spelling as the right one and reads tań ("colt") whence Turkish tay. This would also make this the only instance of the word being spelled with -ń- as opposed to -y-.

...𐱄𐰫𐰞𐰺𐰢

9th century CE, Kemchik-Chigrak E-41, line 2

𐱂𐰖𐱄𐰏:𐱂𐰺𐰏:𐰡𐰣𐰢:𐰷𐰏𐰼𐰳𐰏<...>𐰢𐰍𐰃𐰖𐰓𐰼:𐱄𐰣𐰢
šy¹t¹g:šr¹g:ltn¹m:q̊²gr²čg<...>mǧiy¹d²r²:t¹n¹m

9th century CE, Kemchik-Chigrak E-41, line 5

May golds as yellow as pebbles, my dromedaries that are fat and brown, my colt/gelded camel carrying silk clothes.


𐰵𐰒𐱂

qd¹š (romanization)
qadaš (romanization)

By surface analysis, 𐰵 (qa) + 𐰒𐱂 (-daš), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese 家 (kae, “family”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qʾdʾš /ḳadaš/, “relative”).

cog

𐰴𐰣𐰢:𐱅𐰇𐰠𐰋𐰼𐰃:𐰴𐰺𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐰏:𐰴𐰑𐱁𐰢:𐰾𐰔𐰢𐰀:𐰠𐱁𐰢𐰼:𐰇𐰏𐱁𐰼:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰣𐰼:𐰚𐰇𐰓𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰢:𐰶𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰠𐰤𐰠𐰼𐰢:𐰋𐰝𐰢𐰓𐰢

8-10th century CE, Uyk-Turan (е-3), line 6:

...my relatives, my common Tölberi people, my Külik relatives, ownerless Elišim man, Ögüš man, Oγulan man, my sons in law, my daughters in law, I couldn't stay.