𐰑𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adïg (“bear”). Cognate with Turkish ayı (“bear”), Uzbek ayiq (“bear”), Bashkir айыу (ayıw, “bear”), Tuvan адыг (adıg, “bear”), Khakas азығ (azığ, “bear”).

inh+

𐰑𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰞𐰃:𐰀𐰺𐱃:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

A bear and a boar met on a mountain pass.


𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕

head

𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕 (toŋuz)

Inherited from Common Turkic *toŋuz (“pig”). Cognate with Azerbaijani donuz, Khalaj tongquz, Turkish domuz, Uzbek toʻngʻiz, Bashkir дуңғыҙ (duñğıź).

inh+

𐰑𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰞𐰃:𐰀𐰺𐱃:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *buŕagu (“calf”). Cognate with Chuvash пӑру (păru), Turkish buzağı, Uzbek buzoq, Bashkir быҙау (bıźaw). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *biraxu, Hungarian borjú, Turkic borrowings.

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰼𐰚𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾

(Nevertheless) she gave birth to a white-spotted bull calf.


𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰛

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ingek (“cow”). Cognate with Chuvash ӗне (ĕne), Turkish inek (“cow”), Uyghur ئىنەك (inek), Yakut ынах (ınaq). Compare also Mongolian үнээ (ünee), Hungarian ünő, Turkic borrowings.

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰀𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰲𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾

A white-spotted cow was on the point of calving.


𐱃

Derived from Classical Syriac ܛ (“teth”).

der+

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with back vowels.


𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yunt (“horse, mare”). Cognate to Karakhanid يُنْدْ (yund, “horse”), Chagatai یونت (yunt, “horse”), Old Anatolian Turkish یونت (yont, “mare”), dialectal Turkish yont (“stray animal”).

cog

𐰋𐰏:𐰼:𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰺𐰆:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰑𐰍𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adgïr. Cognate with Chuvash ӑйӑр (ăjăr), Karakhanid اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr, “stallion”), Turkish aygır (“stallion”), Uzbek aygʻir, Bashkir айғыр (ayğır, “stallion”), Yakut атыыр (atıır).

𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺:𐰢𐰤


𐰀𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), Turkish ak (“white”), Turkmen āk (“white”), Uzbek oq, Bashkir аҡ (aq), Yakut ак (ak).

inh+

𐰀𐰴:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺𐰞𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐰀𐰍𐰖

...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öküŕ (“ox”). Cognate with Chuvash вӑкӑр (văk̬ăr), Karakhanid [script needed] (öküz, “ox”), Turkish öküz (“ox”), Uzbek hoʻkiz, Bashkir үгеҙ (ügeź), Yakut оҕус (oğus). Compare also Mongolian үхэр (üxer), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰚𐰃:𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰏:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰴𐰺𐰽𐰃𐰴𐰀:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐰢𐰾

(A man) harnessed two oxen to one wooden plough.


𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bȫrü. Cognate with Khalaj bö̂ri, Turkish börü, Uyghur بۆرە (böre, “fox”), Bashkir бүре (büre), Shor пӧрӱ (pörü), Khakas пӱӱр (püür), Tuvan бөрү (börü), Yakut бөрө (börö), Dolgan бөрө (börö).

𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃:𐰍𐰔𐰃:𐰢𐰾𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰊𐰎𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugu. Cognate with Kazakh бұғы (būğy, “deer”), Uzbek bug’u (“deer”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *bugu, perhaps a Turkic borrowing.

𐰛𐰈𐰛:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰵𐰻𐰁:𐰽:𐰊𐰎𐰆:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐱆𐰄𐰢

I killed a blue wolf, a black ermine and a buck.


𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚

head

𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚 (kéyik)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *keyik (“deer”). Cognate with Chuvash кайӑк (kajăk, “bird”), Turkish geyik, Uzbek kiyik, Khakas киик (kiik).

inh+

𐰉𐰺𐰽:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

herbivorous wild animals, game, prey, deer


𐰸𐰆𐰪

Inherited from Common Turkic *koń (“sheep”). Cognate with Khalaj qôn, Turkish koyun, Uzbek qo’y, Tatar қуй, Tuvan хой (xoy). Compare also Mongolian хонь (xonʹ) and Manchu ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ (honin), Turkic borrowings.

𐰴𐰭𐰢:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃:𐱅𐰏:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰖𐰍𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰸𐰆𐰪 :𐱅𐰏:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E12

...the soldiers of my father, the khagan, were like wolves and, his enemies were like sheep.


𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”). Cognate with, Hungarian bika, Turkish boğa (“bull”), Uzbek buqa, Bashkir Буға (Buğa, “Taurus”). Compare also Mongolian бух (bux), Manchu ᠪᡠᡴᠠ (buka, “ram”), possibly Turkic borrowings.

𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰞𐰃:𐰾𐰢𐰔𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰞𐰃:𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰑𐰀:𐰋𐰇𐰭𐰾𐰼:𐰾𐰢𐰔𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰢𐰔𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐱅𐰘𐰤

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IW5-6

I said to myself and I thought: If lean bulls and fat bulls kick one another at a distance, one cannot distinguish between lean bulls and fat bulls, they say.


𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀

head

𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀 (buɣra)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugra (“male camel”). Cognate with Turkish buğra (“male camel”).

inh+

𐱅𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀:𐰢𐰤:𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰲𐰺:𐰢𐰤

I am a camel stallion. I scatter my white froth.


𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *botu (“calf of a camel”). Cognate with Turkish potuk (“calf of a camel”).

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾

...his white female camel had just given birth to a camel calf.


𐱅𐰋𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tebe (“camel”). Cognate with Turkish deve (“camel”).

𐱅𐰋𐰀:𐱅𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰚𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ingen (“female camel”). Cognate with 𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰛 (ingek, “cow”).

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾

...his white female camel had just given birth to a colt.


𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤

head

𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤 (béčin)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄čin itself of unknown origins, possibly a borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Persian بوزینه (buzine, “monkey”).

9th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, NE
𐰉𐰺𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰓𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏:𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰞𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰔
barqïn:bedizin:bitig:tašïn:béčin:yïlqa:yétinč:ay:yéti:otuzqa:qop:alqdïmïz

We finished his mausoleum, statues and paintings, and his inscription stone on the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month, on the Year of Monkey.


𐰉𐰺𐰽

Arthur Anthony Macdonell
Tocharian
Tocharian languages

Inherited from Common Turkic *bars (“a large feline”) itself of unknown origins.
# The general consensus considers it a borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼰𐼻𐼸 (pwrδʾnk), Persian پلنگ (palang) and Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛdāku, “viper; tiger, panther”).
# Nishanyan instead suggests a borrowing from a Tocharian language, compare Tocharian A and B pärs- (“to sprinkle, splash”). See also Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš), a late borrowing from the same Tocharian root.
Cognate with Turkish pars (“leopard, panther”). Compare also Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠷᠰ (bars), a Turkic borrowing.


𐱅𐰘𐰭

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tegiŋ (“squirrel”). Cognate with Turkish değin, Uzbek tiyin, Bashkir тейен (teyen, “squirrel”), Yakut тииҥ (tiiñ, “squirrel”).

inh+

𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐱅𐰘𐰭𐰃𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰢𐰀:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰆:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, N12

...and blue squirrels I gained for my Turkic people.


𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤

head

𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 (laɣzïn)

Unknown, but considered foreign for phonological reasons.
# Clauson suggests a Tocharian origin, however Vovin notes that the only recorded word for pig in Tocharian languages is Tocharian B suwo from Proto-Indo-European *suw-on- (“pig”).
# Doerfer considers the word to be of Hunnic origin.
# Hamilton agrees with Ligeti on it being a borrowing from a Paleo-Asiatic language.
# Räsänen considers a Chinese origin but like Cluson doesn't give a specific example. He also points out Mongolian логш (logš, “pigsty”).
# Thomson suggests a relation with Manchu ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (ulgiyan, “swine, pig”).

𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S10

In the year of Pig, on the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month...

(astrology) year of the Pig, the twelfth year under the twelve-year lunar cycle.


𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣

𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣 (tabïšɣan)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tabïĺgan (“hare”). Cognate with Khalaj tavuşğân, Turkish tavşan, Uzbek tovushqon, Yakut табысхан (tabısqan). Compare also Mongolian туулай (tuulaj).

inh+

𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰤:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰴𐰯𐰢𐰃𐰾

A hawk, saying (to itself) 'Here is a hare!', (flew) down from the sky (and tried to) catch it.


𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣

head

𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣 (sïɣun)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sïgun (“elk, moose”). Cognate with Turkish sığın (“moose”), Uzbek suygun, Southern Altai суун (suun), Tuvan сыын (sıın, “maral”).

inh+

𐱃𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰺𐰞𐰃:𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰢𐰤

I am a male maral deer with a nine-branched horn.


𐰘𐰃𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yēl (“mane”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫилхе (śilh̬e), Turkish yele, Uzbek yol, Bashkir ял (yal), Yakut сиэл (siel). Compare also Mongolian дэл (del), Manchu ᡩᡝᠯᡠᠨ (delun) and Persian یال (yâl).

𐰘𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰆𐰍𐰃𐰭𐰣𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐱅𐰏𐰃:𐰖𐰍𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣:𐰴𐰢𐰽𐰖𐰆:𐰆𐰢𐰀𐱃𐰃𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰺:𐱅𐰃𐰼

(The horse), having galled up to its mane (and) its tail, stands still without being able to move, it says.


𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇

head

𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇 (tilkü)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tilkü (“fox”). Cognate with Chuvash тилӗ (tilĕ), Khalaj tilkü, Turkish tilki, Uzbek tulki, Bashkir төлкө (tölkö), Tuvan дилги (dilgi).

inh+

𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

It kept on eating while sinking down, (but) itself was eaten by a fox, it says.


𐰢𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ïmga (“wild mountain goat”). Compare also Mongolian ямаа (jamaa), a Turkic borrowing. Cognate with Turkish ime (“mountain goat”).

inh+

𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰓𐰀:𐰢𐰍𐰴𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

In an open place it came across a wild goat.


𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōrug (“bay, reddish-brown”). Cognate with Turkish doru, Southern Altai торбок (torbok, “ox (with reddish-brown)”), Turkmen dōr, Tuvan доруг (dorug).

cog

𐰇𐰲𐰨:𐰘𐰏𐰤:𐰾𐰃𐰠𐰏:𐰋𐰏𐰭:𐰚𐰓𐰢𐰠𐰏:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍:𐱃:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E33

Thirdly, he mounted Lord Yegen Silig's dressed bay horse and attacked.


𐰋𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹye (“mare”). Cognate with Uzbek biya, Bashkir бейә (beyə), Yakut биэ (bie).

inh+

...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛

Unknown, there are some plausible cognates including Western Yugur kegmek (“a kind of deer”).

𐰙𐱆𐰄:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰓𐰢𐰀𐰊𐰻𐰽𐰎:𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛𐰐𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰢𐰓𐰢𐰀

8-10th century CE, Begre (e-11), line 10:

I killed seven wolves, but did not kill leopards or stags.