𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕

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𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕 (toŋuz)

Inherited from Common Turkic *toŋuz (“pig”). Cognate with Azerbaijani donuz, Khalaj tongquz, Turkish domuz, Uzbek toʻngʻiz, Bashkir дуңғыҙ (duñğıź).

inh+

𐰑𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰞𐰃:𐰀𐰺𐱃:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

A bear and a boar met on a mountain pass.


𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *buŕagu (“calf”). Cognate with Chuvash пӑру (păru), Turkish buzağı, Uzbek buzoq, Bashkir быҙау (bıźaw). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *biraxu, Hungarian borjú, Turkic borrowings.

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰼𐰚𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆:𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾

(Nevertheless) she gave birth to a white-spotted bull calf.


𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰛

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ingek (“cow”). Cognate with Chuvash ӗне (ĕne), Turkish inek (“cow”), Uyghur ئىنەك (inek), Yakut ынах (ınaq). Compare also Mongolian үнээ (ünee), Hungarian ünő, Turkic borrowings.

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰚:𐰉𐰆𐰔𐰀𐰍𐰆𐰞𐰲𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾

A white-spotted cow was on the point of calving.


𐰑𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adïg (“bear”). Cognate with Turkish ayı (“bear”), Uzbek ayiq (“bear”), Bashkir айыу (ayıw, “bear”), Tuvan адыг (adıg, “bear”), Khakas азығ (azığ, “bear”).

𐰑𐰍𐰞𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰞𐰃:𐰀𐰺𐱃:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yunt (“horse, mare”). Cognate to Karakhanid يُنْدْ (yund, “horse”), Chagatai یونت (yunt, “horse”), Old Anatolian Turkish یونت (yont, “mare”), dialectal Turkish yont (“stray animal”).

cog

𐰋𐰏:𐰼:𐰖𐰆𐰣𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰺𐰆:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰑𐰍𐰺

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *adgïr. Cognate with Chuvash ӑйӑр (ăjăr), Karakhanid اَذْغِرْ (aδɣïr, “stallion”), Turkish aygır (“stallion”), Uzbek aygʻir, Bashkir айғыр (ayğır, “stallion”), Yakut атыыр (atıır).

𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺:𐰢𐰤


𐱃

Derived from Classical Syriac ܛ (“teth”).

der+

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with back vowels.


𐰀𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), Turkish ak (“white”), Turkmen āk (“white”), Uzbek oq, Bashkir аҡ (aq), Yakut ак (ak).

inh+

𐰀𐰴:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰴𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺𐰞𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐰀𐰍𐰖

...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐰃

⇒ Old Hungarian: 𐳐, 𐲐, 𐳑, 𐲑

Derived from Sogdian 𐼊 (y, “yodh”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܝ (“yodh”).

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /i/ /e/ or /ɯ/. The backness or frontness depends on the type of the consonant.


𐰃𐰍𐰲

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ïgač (“tree”). Cognate with Chuvash йывӑҫ (jyvăś, “tree”), Uzbek yogʻoch (“tree”), Turkish ağaç (“tree”), Bashkir ағас (ağas, “tree; wood, timber”).

cog

𐰴𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆𐰣𐰆𐰍:𐰃𐰍𐰲𐰴𐰀:𐰉𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀

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𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀 (qumursɣa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kumursga (“ant”). Cognate with Khalaj qumurğâç, Salar gumısgan, Uzbek qumursqa, Bashkir ҡырмыҫҡа (qırmıśqa), Yakut кымырдаҕас (kımırdağas).

inh+

𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰴𐰺𐰃:𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰏:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾

An old ox was eaten by ants, gnawing around its waist.


𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍

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𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍 (tuyuɣ)

Inherited from Common Turkic *tuńak. Cognate with Turkish toynak (“hoof”), Uzbek tuyoq, Bashkir тояҡ (toyaq, “hoof”), Yakut туйах (tuyaq).

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰖𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰑𐰍𐰺𐰞𐰴:𐰖𐰺𐰀𐰍𐰖
altun:tuyuɣluɣ:adɣïrlïq:yaraɣay
(He thought): it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴

𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴 (tïrŋaq)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tïrŋa-k (“fingernail, claw”). Cognate with Chuvash чӗрне (čĕrne), Karakhanid تِرْنْكاقْ (tïrŋaq, “fingernail”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (tïrŋaq, “fingernail”), Turkish tırnak (“fingernail”), Turkmen dyrnak (“fingernail”), Uzbek tirnoq, Bashkir тырнаҡ (tırnaq, “fingernail”), Tuvan дыргак (dırgak, “fingernail”), Yakut тыҥырах (tıñıraq, “nail, claw”).

cog

𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴𐰃:𐰽𐰆𐰲𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰖𐰣𐰀:𐱃𐰃𐱃𐰃𐰤𐰢𐰾

(anatomy, zootomy) nail, fingernail, claw


𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kudruk (“tail”). Cognate with Chuvash хӳре (hüre), Khalaj qudruq, Karakhanid قُذْرُقْ (quδruq, “tail”), Turkish kuyruk (“tail”), Uzbek quyruq, Bashkir ҡойроҡ (qoyroq), Yakut кутурук (kuturuk, “tail”). Compare also Mongolian хударга (xudarga).

inh+

𐱃𐰃𐰍:𐱃:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸𐰃𐰣:𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰯:𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰼𐱅:𐰖𐰔𐰍:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐰖𐰑𐰺𐱃

Tie up the roan horse's tail into a knot and make it run until it breaks wind; make the bay (horse) run until it (almost) spreads down (on the ground)


𐰴𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆𐰣

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𐰴𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆𐰣 (quzɣun)

Inherited from Common Turkic *kuzgun (“raven”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (quzɣun, “raven”), Karakhanid قُزْغوُنْ (quzɣūn, “raven”), Turkish kuzgun (“raven”), Uzbek kuzg'un, Bashkir ҡоҙғон (qoźğon, “raven”), Tuvan кускун (kuskun).

cog

𐰴𐰆𐰞:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐰋𐰏𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇:𐰇𐱅𐰇𐰤𐰇𐰼:𐰴𐰆𐰔𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰽𐰉𐰃:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰏𐰼𐰇:𐰖𐰞𐰉𐰺𐰆𐰺

The slave's words are a request to his master; the raven's words are a prayer to heaven.


𐰴𐰆𐰽

Inherited from Common Turkic *kuĺ (“bird”). Compare Khalaj quş, Turkish kuş (“bird”), Uzbek kush, Bashkir ҡош (qoş), Yakut кус (kus).

inh+

𐰖𐰍𐰴:𐰃𐰍𐰲:𐰖𐰀𐰖𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰴𐰆𐰽𐰞𐰍:𐰃𐰍𐰲:𐰴𐰃𐰽𐰞𐰍𐰢:𐰦𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰼

My summer quarters is (beneath) the nut-trees (and) my winter quarters is (beneath) the trees where birds crowd.


𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öküŕ (“ox”). Cognate with Chuvash вӑкӑр (văk̬ăr), Karakhanid [script needed] (öküz, “ox”), Turkish öküz (“ox”), Uzbek hoʻkiz, Bashkir үгеҙ (ügeź), Yakut оҕус (oğus). Compare also Mongolian үхэр (üxer), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰚𐰃:𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰇𐰏:𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰴𐰺𐰽𐰃𐰴𐰀:𐰚𐰇𐰠𐰢𐰾

(A man) harnessed two oxen to one wooden plough.


𐰖𐰀𐰽

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yāĺ (“young, fresh; vegetables”). Cognate with Old Uyghur yʾš (yaš, “fresh, moist”), Karakhanid ياشْ (yāš, “fresh, vegetable”), Turkish yaş (“fresh, wet, moist”), Turkmen ýāş (“young”), Uzbek yosh, Bashkir йәш (yəş), Tuvan чаш (çaş).

cog

𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰚𐰇𐰲𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐱃𐰍:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰆𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰖𐰽:𐱇:𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰖𐰆:𐰉𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣:𐰽𐰆𐰉:𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰀𐰽:𐰘𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰢𐰓𐰀:𐰆𐰔𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Thanks to the strength given by Heaven, having seen way (and) water on a mountain (and) having seen fresh grass on a mountain pasture, it went (there) walking. (Thus), drinking the water (and) eating the fresh grass it escaped death, it says.


𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bȫrü. Cognate with Khalaj bö̂ri, Turkish börü, Uyghur بۆرە (böre, “fox”), Bashkir бүре (büre), Shor пӧрӱ (pörü), Khakas пӱӱр (püür), Tuvan бөрү (börü), Yakut бөрө (börö), Dolgan бөрө (börö).

𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃:𐰍𐰔𐰃:𐰢𐰾𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰊𐰎𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugu. Cognate with Kazakh бұғы (būğy, “deer”), Uzbek bug’u (“deer”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *bugu, perhaps a Turkic borrowing.

𐰛𐰈𐰛:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰵𐰻𐰁:𐰽:𐰊𐰎𐰆:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐱆𐰄𐰢

I killed a blue wolf, a black ermine and a buck.


𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚

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𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚 (kéyik)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *keyik (“deer”). Cognate with Chuvash кайӑк (kajăk, “bird”), Turkish geyik, Uzbek kiyik, Khakas киик (kiik).

inh+

𐰉𐰺𐰽:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

herbivorous wild animals, game, prey, deer


𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *togan. Cognate with Turkish doğan, Pecheneg towan.

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰾𐰼𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐰢𐰤:𐰲𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰣:𐰃𐰍𐰲:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰆𐰯𐰣:𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

I am a white-spotted falcon. I enjoy sitting on a sandal-wood tree.


𐱇

Pictogram of grass, compare Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”), whence Etymology 2.

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ot/.


𐰸𐰆𐰪

Inherited from Common Turkic *koń (“sheep”). Cognate with Khalaj qôn, Turkish koyun, Uzbek qo’y, Tatar қуй, Tuvan хой (xoy). Compare also Mongolian хонь (xonʹ) and Manchu ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨ (honin), Turkic borrowings.

𐰴𐰭𐰢:𐰴𐰍𐰣:𐰾𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃:𐱅𐰏:𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐰖𐰍𐰃𐰾𐰃:𐰸𐰆𐰪 :𐱅𐰏:𐰼𐰢𐰾

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E12

...the soldiers of my father, the khagan, were like wolves and, his enemies were like sheep.


𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yï̄lan (“snake”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫӗлен (śĕlen), Khalaj yilân, Turkish yılan (“snake”), Uzbek ilon, Bashkir йылан (yılan), Tuvan чылан (çılan).

𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰉𐰽𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰃𐰞𐰣:𐰢𐰤


𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”). Cognate with, Hungarian bika, Turkish boğa (“bull”), Uzbek buqa, Bashkir Буға (Buğa, “Taurus”). Compare also Mongolian бух (bux), Manchu ᠪᡠᡴᠠ (buka, “ram”), possibly Turkic borrowings.

𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰞𐰃:𐰾𐰢𐰔𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰞𐰃:𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰑𐰀:𐰋𐰇𐰭𐰾𐰼:𐰾𐰢𐰔𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀:𐱅𐰘𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰢𐰔𐰼𐰢𐰾:𐱅𐰘𐰤

8th century CE, Tonyukuk Inscription, IW5-6

I said to myself and I thought: If lean bulls and fat bulls kick one another at a distance, one cannot distinguish between lean bulls and fat bulls, they say.


𐰲𐰚𐰚

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *čekik (“lark, crane”).

𐰲𐰆𐰚:𐱅𐰃𐰭:𐰴𐰆𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰍:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰔𐰆𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰼

'Lark! May your flesh enjoy divine favor!', he says.


𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀

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𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀 (buɣra)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bugra (“male camel”). Cognate with Turkish buğra (“male camel”).

inh+

𐱅𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰼:𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀:𐰢𐰤:𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰚𐰇𐰯𐰇𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰽𐰲𐰺:𐰢𐰤

I am a camel stallion. I scatter my white froth.


𐱅𐰋𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tebe (“camel”). Cognate with Turkish deve (“camel”).

𐱅𐰋𐰀:𐱅𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰚𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *botu (“calf of a camel”). Cognate with Turkish potuk (“calf of a camel”).

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾

...his white female camel had just given birth to a camel calf.


𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ingen (“female camel”). Cognate with 𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰛 (ingek, “cow”).

𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰭:𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰤𐰃:𐰉𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰞𐰀𐰢𐰃𐰾

...his white female camel had just given birth to a colt.


𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤

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𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤 (béčin)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄čin itself of unknown origins, possibly a borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Persian بوزینه (buzine, “monkey”).

9th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, NE
𐰉𐰺𐰴𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰓𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏:𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰤:𐰋𐰃𐰲𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰯:𐰞𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰔
barqïn:bedizin:bitig:tašïn:béčin:yïlqa:yétinč:ay:yéti:otuzqa:qop:alqdïmïz

We finished his mausoleum, statues and paintings, and his inscription stone on the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month, on the Year of Monkey.


𐰉𐰺𐰽

Arthur Anthony Macdonell
Tocharian
Tocharian languages

Inherited from Common Turkic *bars (“a large feline”) itself of unknown origins.
# The general consensus considers it a borrowing from an Iranian language, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼰𐼻𐼸 (pwrδʾnk), Persian پلنگ (palang) and Sanskrit पृदाकु (pṛdāku, “viper; tiger, panther”).
# Nishanyan instead suggests a borrowing from a Tocharian language, compare Tocharian A and B pärs- (“to sprinkle, splash”). See also Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš), a late borrowing from the same Tocharian root.
Cognate with Turkish pars (“leopard, panther”). Compare also Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠷᠰ (bars), a Turkic borrowing.


𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰪𐰀

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𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰪𐰀 (turńa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *turńa (“crane”). Cognate with Turkish turna.

inh+

𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰪𐰖𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰤𐰀𐰚𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾


𐱅𐰘𐰭

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tegiŋ (“squirrel”). Cognate with Turkish değin, Uzbek tiyin, Bashkir тейен (teyen, “squirrel”), Yakut тииҥ (tiiñ, “squirrel”).

𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐱅𐰘𐰭𐰃𐰤:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰢𐰀:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰢𐰀:𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰆:𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, N12

...and blue squirrels I gained for my Turkic people.


𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤

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𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 (laɣzïn)

Unknown, but considered foreign for phonological reasons.
# Clauson suggests a Tocharian origin, however Vovin notes that the only recorded word for pig in Tocharian languages is Tocharian B suwo from Proto-Indo-European *suw-on- (“pig”).
# Doerfer considers the word to be of Hunnic origin.
# Hamilton agrees with Ligeti on it being a borrowing from a Paleo-Asiatic language.
# Räsänen considers a Chinese origin but like Cluson doesn't give a specific example. He also points out Mongolian логш (logš, “pigsty”).
# Thomson suggests a relation with Manchu ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (ulgiyan, “swine, pig”).

𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰞:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰨:𐰖:𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃:𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀

8th century CE, Bilge Khagan Inscription, S10

In the year of Pig, on the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month...

(astrology) year of the Pig, the twelfth year under the twelve-year lunar cycle.


𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tiabïlku (“spirea; jujube”).

inh+

𐰋𐰃𐰼:𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆:𐰘𐰇𐰔:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰃:𐰘𐰇𐰔:𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆:𐰢𐰃𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰃:𐰢𐰃𐰭:𐱃𐰉𐰞𐰴𐰆:𐱅𐰇𐰢𐰤:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱃𐰃:𐱅𐰃𐰼

One spriaea became a hundred; a hundred spiraeas became a thousand (and) a thousand spiraeas became ten thousand, it says.


𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣

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𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣 (tabïšɣan)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tabïĺgan (“hare”). Cognate with Khalaj tavuşğân, Turkish tavşan, Uzbek tovushqon, Yakut табысхан (tabısqan). Compare also Mongolian туулай (tuulaj).

inh+

𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣:𐰴𐰆𐰽:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰤:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰃:𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰯𐰤:𐰴𐰯𐰢𐰃𐰾

A hawk, saying (to itself) 'Here is a hare!', (flew) down from the sky (and tried to) catch it.


𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣

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𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣 (sïɣun)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sïgun (“elk, moose”). Cognate with Turkish sığın (“moose”), Uzbek suygun, Southern Altai суун (suun), Tuvan сыын (sıın, “maral”).

inh+

𐱃𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰺𐰞𐰃:𐰽𐰃𐰍𐰆𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰢𐰤

I am a male maral deer with a nine-branched horn.


𐱅𐰇

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tǖk (“hair”). Cognate with Chuvash тӗк (tĕk), Khalaj tü̂k, Turkish tüy, Uzbek tuk, Bashkir төк (tök), Yakut түү (tüü).

𐱃𐰣𐰢:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰃:𐱃𐰴𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰔𐰚𐰤:𐱃𐰞𐰆𐰖𐰑𐰀:𐰖𐱃𐰯𐰣:𐱃𐰯𐰞:𐰀𐰑𐰆𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰺:𐰢𐰤:𐰾𐰋𐰓𐰜𐰢𐰃𐰤:𐰘𐰃𐰘𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

Although the feathers of my body are not yet fully grown, lying down by the sea, I catch what I please (and) I eat what I like.


𐰘𐰃𐰠

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yēl (“mane”). Cognate with Chuvash ҫилхе (śilh̬e), Turkish yele, Uzbek yol, Bashkir ял (yal), Yakut сиэл (siel). Compare also Mongolian дэл (del), Manchu ᡩᡝᠯᡠᠨ (delun) and Persian یال (yâl).

𐰘𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰆𐰍𐰃𐰭𐰣𐰃𐰭𐰀:𐱅𐰏𐰃:𐰖𐰍𐰺𐰃𐰯𐰣:𐰴𐰢𐰽𐰖𐰆:𐰆𐰢𐰀𐱃𐰃𐰣:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰆𐰺:𐱅𐰃𐰼

(The horse), having galled up to its mane (and) its tail, stands still without being able to move, it says.


𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇

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𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇 (tilkü)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tilkü (“fox”). Cognate with Chuvash тилӗ (tilĕ), Khalaj tilkü, Turkish tilki, Uzbek tulki, Bashkir төлкө (tölkö), Tuvan дилги (dilgi).

inh+

𐰉𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐰇𐰔𐰃𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰛𐰇:𐰘𐰃𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

It kept on eating while sinking down, (but) itself was eaten by a fox, it says.


𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰍

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𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰍 (tarïɣ)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tạrïg (“millet”). Cognate with Chuvash тырӑ (tyră), Turkish darı, Uzbek tariq, Bashkir тары (tarı), Khakas тарығ (tarığ). Compare also Mongolian тариа (taria), a Turkic borrowing.

inh+

𐱃𐰺𐰃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰓𐰃:𐰖𐰽:𐱇:𐰇𐰤𐰓𐰃

The crops ripened; the fresh grass sprouted.


𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰽

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𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰽 (qamïš)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kamïĺ (“reed”). Cognate with Chuvash хӑмӑл (hămăl), Turkish kamış, Uzbek qamish, Bashkir ҡамыш (qamış), Yakut хамыс (qamıs).

inh+

𐰴𐰢𐰃𐰽:𐰀𐰺𐰀:𐰴𐰞𐰢𐰃𐰾

(A slave girl) remained (alone) among the reeds.


𐰢𐰍𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ïmga (“wild mountain goat”). Compare also Mongolian ямаа (jamaa), a Turkic borrowing. Cognate with Turkish ime (“mountain goat”).

inh+

𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆:𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰓𐰀:𐰢𐰍𐰴𐰀:𐰽𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰽𐰢𐰃𐰾

In an open place it came across a wild goat.


𐰔𐰃𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *aŕïg. Cognate with Turkish azı (“molar”). Compare also Mongolian араа (araa), a Turkic borrowing.

𐰑𐰍𐰭:𐰴𐰺𐰣𐰃:𐰖𐰺𐰞𐰢𐰆𐰾:𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰔𐰆𐰭:𐰔𐰃𐰍𐰃:𐰽𐰃𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

(At fight) the bear's belly was slit open (and) the boar's tusks were broken, it says.


𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tōrug (“bay, reddish-brown”). Cognate with Turkish doru, Southern Altai торбок (torbok, “ox (with reddish-brown)”), Turkmen dōr, Tuvan доруг (dorug).

cog

𐰇𐰲𐰨:𐰘𐰏𐰤:𐰾𐰃𐰠𐰏:𐰋𐰏𐰭:𐰚𐰓𐰢𐰠𐰏:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰍:𐱃:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E33

Thirdly, he mounted Lord Yegen Silig's dressed bay horse and attacked.


𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰴

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tograk (“poplar”).

inh+

𐰖𐰍𐰴𐰞𐰍:𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰴:𐰇𐰔𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰾𐰇𐰯𐰤:𐰖𐰖𐰞𐰖𐰆𐰺:𐰢𐰤:𐱅𐰃𐰼

Settling down on a poplar full of nuts, I spend the summer, it says.


𐰋𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bẹye (“mare”). Cognate with Uzbek biya, Bashkir бейә (beyə), Yakut биэ (bie).

...his white mare had just foaled, (he thought) it would fit to be a golden-hoofed stallion.


𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁

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𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁 (ɣašɣa)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaĺčga (“white spot on an animal's head”). The initial g- is due to the dialect of the writer, compare 𐰐𐰢𐰳𐰐 (Gemčig, “Khemchik”) and 𐰐𐰙𐰛 (géyik, “game”) from the same text.
Cognate with Southern Altai кашкалак (kaškalak), Azerbaijani qaşqa, Kyrgyz качка (kacka) and Khakas хасха (xasxa).
Compare also the borrowed Persian قشق (qašqa, “blaze”) and possibly Proto-Mongolic *kaljan (“white headed”).

inh+

𐰎𐰿𐰎𐰁:𐱄𐰫𐰢

8-10th century CE, Kemçik-Çıgrak (e-41), section 11:

(Yenisei Kyrgyz, zootomy) having a white forehead


𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛

Unknown, there are some plausible cognates including Western Yugur kegmek (“a kind of deer”).

𐰙𐱆𐰄:𐰌𐰈𐰼𐰄:𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰓𐰢𐰀𐰊𐰻𐰽𐰎:𐰛𐰝𐰢𐰛𐰐𐰈𐰠𐰼𐰢𐰓𐰢𐰀

8-10th century CE, Begre (e-11), line 10:

I killed seven wolves, but did not kill leopards or stags.