miapé

head

miapé (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miapé, R1 remiapé, R2 semiapé, R3 o emiapé)

Nheengatu: miapé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mɨjape.
Cognate with Guaraní mbujape.

etymon

MIapé íbac igoâra
Abiá bebé remiû.
Xeanga recó pucú.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, “Outra do Santissimo Sacramento”, in Antônio de Araújo, compiler, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, unnumbered page:

Heavenly bread, angel's food. My soul's eternal life.

Marãpe miapé iande iâra JESUS Christo retéramo, caöĩ abé çuguŷramo iiecuaboki?

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Da comunhão”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 86; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

How does bread turn into Jesus Christ's body and wine into blood?


sapaîu

→ Brazilian Portuguese: sapaju

desctree

→ French: sapajou
→ English: sapajou
→ Translingual: Sapajus

sapajou. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

black-striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus)


takûara

Nheengatu: takwara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: taquara

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *takʷar.

etymon

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

bamboo. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


kopa'yba

Nheengatu: kupaíwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: copaíba
→ English: copaiba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

copaiba tree. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

copaiba (oleoresin extracted from such trees)


piã

head

piã (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute miã)

Nheengatu: piã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: piã

→ French: pian


agûará

Nheengatu: awará

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → aguará, ⇒ lobo-guará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awara.

inh+

Aîuká-ukar agûará Pedro supé.

Xeûatáreme aûará xerepîaki.

Agûará-ramo ereîkó.

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual

(hapax) maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)


îepyk

head

îepyk (first-person singular active indicative aîepyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîepyki, noun îepyka)

aîepyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîepyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îepyka (noun)


îepyk

aîepyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîepyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îepyka (noun)
Causative
moîepyk
Causative-comitative
eroîepyk
-ba'e
oîepykyba'e
-sab
-saba
îepykaba
-sar
-sara
îepykara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîepyk (active)
ereîepyk (active)
oîepyk (active)
oroîepyk (active)
îaîepyk (active)
peîepyk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîepyk (active)
t'ereîepyk (active)
t'oîepyk (active)
t'oroîepyk (active)
t'îaîepyk (active)
ta peîepyk (active)
Imperative (active)
eîepyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîepyki (active)
n'ereîepyki (active)
n'oîepyki (active)
n'oroîepyki (active)
n'îaîepyki (active)
na peîepyki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîepyk umẽ (active)
t'ereîepyk umẽ (active)
t'oîepyk umẽ (active)
t'oroîepyk umẽ (active)
t'îaîepyk umẽ (active)
ta peîepyk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîepyk umẽ (active)
peîepyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîepyka (gerund)
eîepyka (gerund)
oîepyka (gerund)
oroîepyka (gerund)
îaîepyka (gerund)
peîepyka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîepyke'yma (gerund)
eîepyke'yma (gerund)
oîepyke'yma (gerund)
oroîepyke'yma (gerund)
îaîepyke'yma (gerund)
peîepyke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îepyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îepyke'yma (infinitive)
xe îepyki (infinitive)
i îepyki (infinitive)
oré îepyki (infinitive)
îandé îepyki (infinitive)
xe îepyke'ymi (infinitive)
i îepyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré îepyke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îepyke'ymi (infinitive)


'Ypupîara

→ Portuguese: Ipupiara

From 'y + pupîara, literally “what is inside the water”.

af

Pero de Magalhães Gândavo (1576) chapter 9, in Hiſtoria da prouincia ſãcta Cruz a qui vulgarmẽte chamamos Brasil [History of the Holy Cross province, which we vulgarly call Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Antonio Gonsaluez, page 32: “Hipupiára”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § VI (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1315: “Ypupiapra”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXXVII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 280: “upupiara”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Homẽs marinhos”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 85; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 199, line 2214: “Jgpupiara”

anonymous author (1622) “Cousa mâ q. anda nagoa”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 85: “Jgpupiara”

an hostile water sprite, which was said to drown people crossing water bodies.


Kariîooka

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: carioca
→ English: Carioca

F Mamo-pè ſetam?
T Kariauh-bè

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 352:

Frenchman: Where is their residence?
Tupinambá: In Kariîooka.

Maene, Tupinãba
Paraguaçupe ndaroera,
ytupã ocibae puera
opacatu yamomba
nitibetei çembiroera
Yaupa Moçupiroca,
Yequej, guatapitiba,
Nheterõya, Paraiba
Guayayo, Carijo oca
Pacucaya, Araçatiba.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 63, lines 142–151; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 117:

Look, the Tupinambás who were in Paraguaçu and had their churches, we destroyed them all. Not even their remains are left. We devoured everyone at Moçupiroca, Jequeí, Guatapitiba, Niterói, Paraíba, Guajajó, Carioca, Pacucaia, Araçatiba.

(now historical) a former Carijó village in Guanabara bay, São Vicente captaincy, Brazil

Carioca (a river in Guanabara bay, São Vicente captaincy, Brazil)


epyk

head

epyk (first-person singular active indicative aîepyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîepyki, noun epyka)

aîepyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîepyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
epyka (noun)
Causative
epykukar
Causative-comitative
eroepyk
Reflexive
îepyk
-ba'e
oîepykyba'e
emi-
emiepyka／miepyka
-pyr
-pyra
i epykypyra
-sab
-saba
epykaba
-sar
-sara
epykara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîepyk (active)
ereîepyk (active)
oîepyk (active)
oroîepyk (active)
îaîepyk (active)
peîepyk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîepyk (active)
t'ereîepyk (active)
t'oîepyk (active)
t'oroîepyk (active)
t'îaîepyk (active)
ta peîepyk (active)
Imperative (active)
eîepyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîepyki (active)
n'ereîepyki (active)
n'oîepyki (active)
n'oroîepyki (active)
n'îaîepyki (active)
na peîepyki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîepyk umẽ (active)
t'ereîepyk umẽ (active)
t'oîepyk umẽ (active)
t'oroîepyk umẽ (active)
t'îaîepyk umẽ (active)
ta peîepyk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîepyk umẽ (active)
peîepyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
epyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
epyke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe epyka (gerund)
nde epyka (gerund)
i epyka (gerund)
oré epyka (gerund)
îandé epyka (gerund)
pe epyka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe epyke'yma (gerund)
nde epyke'yma (gerund)
i epyke'yma (gerund)
oré epyke'yma (gerund)
îandé epyke'yma (gerund)
pe epyke'yma (gerund)
xe epyki (gerund)
i epyki (gerund)
oré epyki (gerund)
îandé epyki (gerund)
xe epyke'ymi (gerund)
i epyke'ymi (gerund)
oré epyke'ymi (gerund)
îandé epyke'ymi (gerund)

to excuse (to provide an excuse for; to justify)


paraná

desctree

Nheengatu: paraná, paranã
→ Brazilian Portuguese: paraná

→ Portuguese: Paraná

From paranã, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã.

etymon

Coritéité aiepabóc,
Paranà rupí aiparabóc,
Moçapýr tüibäé uçú,
Çupí ocepiác pytún uçú.

a. 1759, anonymous author, Narração que faz um sertanejo a um seu amigo de uma viagem que fez pelo sertão, page 190; republished as Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, “Um texto anônimo, em língua geral amazônica, do século XVIII”, in Revista USP, number 90, São Paulo, 2011 August 20, →DOI:

Soon I departed. By the river, I chose three very old men. They really saw in the dark.


'ybatatã

From 'yba (“stalk”) + atãatã (“very hard”).


gûatapy

Nheengatu: watapí

desc

→ Portuguese: atapu, guatapi, uatapi, uatapu, vatapu

a very large sea snail, a univalve gastropod mollusk with a large opening

the shell of a very large sea snail, commonly referred to as a conch

jewelry made from the shells of this sea snail


Gûatapytyba

→ Portuguese: Guatapitiba (learned)

From gûatapy (“sea snail, or its shell”) + tyba (“gathering”), literally “gathering of sea snails, or of its shells”.

af

(now historical) a former Tupian village in São Vicente Captaincy; nowadays Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Sapopema

Portuguese: Sapopemba

From sapó (“root”) + pema (“angular”), literally “angular roots”.

F Mamo-pe deretam?
T Kariauh, Ora-ouaſſou-ouée Jaueu-ur aſſic?^([sic]) […] Sarapo-u, Ke-ri-u, Acara-u Kouroumouré, Ita-auc […] Sacouarr-ouſſou-tuue, Ocarentin, Sapopem […] Araſa-tuue, Uſu-potuue

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 349:

F Where are your lands?
T Carioca, Uirauaçuaba, Jabebiracica […] Sarapoí, Rerií, Acaraí, Quirimuré, Itaoca […] Taquaruçutiba, Ocaratim, Sapopema […] Araçatiba, Icipotiba.

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 433.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays between Bento Ribeiro, Deodoro, Marechal Hermes, and Vila Militar neighborhoods, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Kyrymuré

Portuguese: Quirimurê

Unknown, perhaps related to an Old Tupi name for fish of the Mugilidae family.

a bay in Bahia Captaincy, equivalent to modern-day Bay of All Saints, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 406.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the east of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays between Niterói and São Gonçalo, roughly in the Neves neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil


Ûyraûasuaba

From ûyraûasu (“hawk”) + aba (“feather”).

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Centro neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Akara'y

Portuguese: Icaraí

From akará (“fish of the Cichlidae family”) + 'y (“river”).

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the east of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Icaraí neighborhood, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil


akará

Nheengatu: akará

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acará, cará
→ English: acara
→ Hunsrik: Karaa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akara.

etymon

acara (common name of various fish in the family Cichlidae)


Soûerusu

From soba (“leaf”) + pûera (“old”) + -usu (augmentative suffix), literally “big fallen leaf”.

af

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 408.jpg


Murukuîaûasu

From murukuîá (“passion fruit”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix), literally “big passion fruit”.


Marakaûasu

From maraká (“rattle, maraca”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix), literally “big rattle, maraca”.


Eiraîá

Portuguese: Irajá

From eíra (“bee, honey”) + îá (“fullness”), literally “fullness of bees, honey”, or eîrara (“tayra”) + îá (“fullness”), literally “fullness of tayras”.

F Mamo-pe deretam?
T Kariauh, Ora-ouaſſou-ouée Jaueu-ur aſſic?^([sic]) […] Eiraia […] Sarapo-u, Ke-ri-u, Acara-u Kouroumouré, Ita-auc […] Sacouarr-ouſſou-tuue, Ocarentin, Sapopem […] Araſa-tuue, Uſu-potuue

F Where are your lands?
T Carioca, Uirauaçuaba, Jabebiracica […] Eirajá […] Sarapoí, Rerií, Acaraí, Quirimuré, Itaoca […] Taquaruçutiba, Ocaratim, Sapopema […] Araçatiba, Icipotiba.

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Irajá neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


ikombó

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 399.jpg


nhe'engatu

head

nhe'engatu (first-person singular active indicative anhe'engatu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhe'engatuî, noun nhe'engatu)

anhe'engatu (active first-person indicative singular)
n'anhe'engatuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
nhe'engatu (noun)
Causative
monhe'engatu
Causative-comitative
eronhe'engatu
-ba'e
onhe'engatuba'e
-sab
-saba
nhe'engatûaba／nhe'engatusaba
-sar
-sara
nhe'engatûara／nhe'engatusara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
anhe'engatu (active)
erenhe'engatu (active)
onhe'engatu (active)
oronhe'engatu (active)
îanhe'engatu (active)
penhe'engatu (active)
Permissive (active)
t'anhe'engatu (active)
t'erenhe'engatu (active)
t'onhe'engatu (active)
t'oronhe'engatu (active)
t'îanhe'engatu (active)
ta penhe'engatu (active)
Imperative (active)
enhe'engatu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'anhe'engatuî (active)
n'erenhe'engatuî (active)
n'onhe'engatuî (active)
n'oronhe'engatuî (active)
n'îanhe'engatuî (active)
na penhe'engatuî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'anhe'engatu umẽ (active)
t'erenhe'engatu umẽ (active)
t'onhe'engatu umẽ (active)
t'oronhe'engatu umẽ (active)
t'îanhe'engatu umẽ (active)
ta penhe'engatu umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
enhe'engatu umẽ (active)
penhe'engatu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûinhe'engatûabo (gerund)
enhe'engatûabo (gerund)
onhe'engatûabo (gerund)
oronhe'engatûabo (gerund)
îanhe'engatûabo (gerund)
penhe'engatûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûinhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
enhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
onhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
oronhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
îanhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
penhe'engatue'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nhe'engatu (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
nhe'engatue'yma (infinitive)
xe nhe'engatuû (infinitive)
i nhe'engatuû (infinitive)
oré nhe'engatuû (infinitive)
îandé nhe'engatuû (infinitive)
xe nhe'engatue'ymi (infinitive)
i nhe'engatue'ymi (infinitive)
oré nhe'engatue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé nhe'engatue'ymi (infinitive)

desctree

Nheengatu: nheengatú, yẽgatú, nheengatu, nheẽgatu
→ Portuguese: nheengatu, nhengatu
→ English: Nheengatu

From nhe'eng (“to speak”) + katu (“well”).


kuriboka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caboclo, caboco
→ English: caboclo
→ Hunsrik: Kabock

(Late Tupi, hapax) person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and African descent


amyîu

Nheengatu: abiú
→ Brazilian Portuguese: abiu, abio
→ English: abiu
→ Hunsrik: Abiu

(North Tupi, hapax) abiu (Pouteria caimito)


maxaru

Borrowed from Portuguese machado (literally “axe”).


tapijra

Vocabulary in the Brasílica Language spelling of tapi'ira


marabinderere

marãpe nde rera
marãpe nde rera#Old_Tupi


amoré

Nheengatu: amuré

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: amoré, amboré, aimoré, amoreia, moré, moreia, muré

goby. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


açab

head

açab (first-person singular active indicative asaçab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asaçabi, noun açaba)

asaçab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asaçabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
açaba (noun)


karakará

Nheengatu: karakará

Brazilian Portuguese: carcará, caracará

southern crested caracara
southern crested caracara

Caracara plancus
Caracara plancus#Translingual

caracara. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

southern crested caracara (Caracara plancus)

Caracara cheriway
Caracara cheriway#Translingual

northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway)

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 232: “Carácará [Karakará]”

Milvago chimachima
Milvago chimachima#Translingual

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 233: “Karakara [Karakará]”

Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (1618) “Dialogo quinto”, in Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil [Dialogues of Brazil's Greatnesses]; republished as João Capistrano de Abreu, Rodolpho Garcia, compilers, Rio de Janeiro: Officina Industrial Graphica, 1930, page 223: “guará-guará [gûaragûará]”

anonymous author (1622) “Francelho”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 143: “Carâcarâ [Karakará]”


îabutikaba

desctree

→ Portuguese: jabuticaba, jaboticaba
→ English: jaboticaba
→ Hunsrik: Schabutikaab
→ Spanish: jabuticaba

From îaboti (“tortoise”) + kaba (“fat”).

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Historiae Plantarum, book III, chapter XIV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 141: “Iabvticaba”

(hapax) jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § 5 (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1307: “Iabaticaba”


sukuriîu

Nheengatu: sukuriyú

→ Portuguese: sucuri

Joseph of Anchieta (1560) chapter VIII, in Epistola quamplurimarum rerum naturalium quae S. Vicentii (nunc S. Pauli) provinciam incolunt sistens descriptionem (overall work in Latin); republished as Diogo de Toledo Lara Ordonhez, editor, Lisboa: Typis Academiae, 1799, page 10: “Çucuryúba”

Xe giboya, xe coço / xe tamuyuçu Aimbire / Çucuriju, taguato / tamandoa atirabebo / xe anhanga morope.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 66v; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 124:

I'm a boa, a heron, I'm the great tamoio Aîmbiré. A anaconda, a goshawk, a shaggy anteater, I'm a people-burning devil.


kaninana

Nheengatu: kaninana

→ Portuguese: caninana

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXIII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 264: “Caninam”

a black and yellow colubrid. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

tropical chicken snake (Spilotes pullatus)

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § 4 (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1303: “Caninana”

anonymous author (1622) “cobra”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 76: “Caninana”

a green colubrid. Further details are uncertain.