xe pó, xe py, amõ abá pó, i py

[ʃɛˈpɔ ʃɛˈpɨ ãˈmɔ̃ aˈβa ˈpɔ iˈpɨ]

Coined by Portuguese-Brazilian missionary Antônio de Araújo in 1618. Literally, “my hands, my feet, someone's hands, their feet”.

lit

XE pò, xepi.amoabâ pô, y pi 40.ara yandejara IESV Chriſto recou co àra pupe goecobè yebiriré, oci, obojâeta moapicica: y pàbìrê, ibitira Oliuète ceribae apiraribo^([sic]) oci, obojà reraçou, çobaquê, çuîmbeguè, mbeguè y xou oyeupi o beràporanga reraçôbo-igbacupe

1618, Antônio de Araújo, Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 4v:

Forty days Our Lord Jesus Christ was in this world after coming back to life, comforting his own mother, his own many disciples. After they ended, on the summit of a mountain called Olivet, he took his own mother, his own disciples. Before them, and departing from them, little by little he ascended, along with his own beautiful radiance going to heaven.


xe pó, xe py, amõ abá pó, i py abé

[ʃɛˈpɔ ʃɛˈpɨ ãˈmɔ̃ aˈβa ˈpɔ iˈpɨ aˈβɛ]

Coined by Brazilian missionary Bartolomeu de Leão in 1686. Literally, “my hands, my feet, someone's hands, their feet as well”.

lit

Xe pò, xe py, amo abá pó, ipy abé, quarenta âra iandé iâra JESUS Chriſto recóu có âra pupé goecobé iebyriré, ocy, oboiá etá möapycyca. Ipabiré ybytyra Olivete ceríbäé apytéribo ocy, oboiá reraçóu; çobaké çüí begué, begué ixóu oieupîbo^([sic]) oberáporânga reraçóbo ybakype.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, edited by Bartolomeu de Leão, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 127:


Reriûasu

From reri (“oyster”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix), literally “big oyster”.

suffix

T ERE-ioubé?
F Pa-aiout,
T Teh! auge-ny-po,
T Mara-pé-deréré?
F Lery-ouſſou,
T Ere-iacaſſo pieno?
F Pa.
T Eori-deretani ouani repiac.
F Auge-bé,
T Iendé répiac? aout Iendérépiac aoul é éhéraire Teh! oouereté Kénoii Lery-ouſſou yméen!
T Ererou dé caramémo?
F Pá arout.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 10, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, pages 341–342:

T Did you come?
F Yes, I did.
T Oh, very well! What's your name?
F Big Oyster.
T Did you immigrate by any chance?
F Yes.
T Come to see your future land.
F Perfectly.
T He came to see us! My son really came to see us! Ah, Big Oyster really came here! Did you bring your box?
F Yes, I brought it.

Tupi name given to the Frenchman Jean de Léry


tyba

Nheengatu: -tiwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨβ (“abundance”)

inh+

Near-synonyms: apûanã, e'yîa

Tacoareẽdigba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Canaveal daçuquere”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 65; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

M. Deicatuipe amo aè abâ / oporomongaraipa Abarêçuî
D. Eicatu, Abarê tibeimeê.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter II, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 80v:

M. Can't another person baptize instead of the priest?
D. They can, in case of really no existence of a priest.

Xepindâeitigcatîba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Pescaria, onde se pescã cõ rede”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 75; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

forms the frequentative; indicates a frequent or usual action


tuîuka

Nheengatu: tuyuka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tujuk, from Proto-Tupian *tʔup.

Near-synonym: (of inorganic matter) îuka

(of organic matter) decay; deterioration


'ykaraíba

Calque of Portuguese água benta, from 'y + karaíb + -a.

Anhanga nhegoacẽbâba igcaraiba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 142:

The holy water is the reason of Devil's fleeing.


karaíb

form karaíba (noun)
Causative
mongaraíb
-ba'e
i karaiba'e／i karaibyba'e
-sab
-saba
karaipaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe karaíb (active)
i karaíb (active)
oré karaíb (active)
îandé karaíb (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe karaíb (active)
ta nde karaíb (active)
t'i karaíb (active)
t'oré karaíb (active)
t'îandé karaíb (active)
ta pe karaíb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe karaíbi (active)
na nde karaíbi (active)
n'i karaíbi (active)
n'oré karaíbi (active)
n'îandé karaíbi (active)
na pe karaíbi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde karaíb umẽ (active)
pe karaíb umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe karaíb umẽ (active)
ta nde karaíb umẽ (active)
t'i karaíb umẽ (active)
t'oré karaíb umẽ (active)
t'îandé karaíb umẽ (active)
ta pe karaíb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe karaíbamo (gerund)
nde karaíbamo (gerund)
o karaíbamo (gerund)
oré karaíbamo (gerund)
îandé karaíbamo (gerund)
pe karaíbamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
nde karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
o karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
oré karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
pe karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karaíba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karaibe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe karaíbi (infinitive)
i karaíbi (infinitive)
oré karaíbi (infinitive)
îandé karaíbi (infinitive)
xe karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
i karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
oré karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karaibe'ymi (infinitive)

M[estre]. marãgatupeacerecou Tupã oc-îpe oiquiabo?
D[isciple]. Oye î piî igcaraiba pupè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 24:

Master: How do the people behave entering the church?
Disciple: They sprinkle themselves with holy water.


gûyri

From gûyra (“bottom, lower part, bottom part”) + -i (“on”, partitive sense postposition).
Compare Guaraní guýre.


gûyrybo

From gûyra (“bottom, lower part, bottom part”) + -y- (epenthetic linking vowel) + -bo (“in, by”, diffuse locative postposition).
Compare Guaraní guýbo.


Tupã sy

Calque of Portuguese Mãe de Deus (“Mother of God”).
Compare Guaraní Tupãsy.


gûyrype

From gûyra (“bottom, lower part, bottom part”) + -y- (epenthetic linking vowel) + -pe (“in, on, at”).
Compare Guaraní guýpe.

affix

Paka onhemim ybyrá gûyrype, onhemombepa.

The paca hid below the tree, crouching down.


xosé

Alternative form of sosé following a word ending in i, î or y


nupã

head

nupã (first-person singular active indicative aînupã, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aînupãî, noun nupã)

aînupã (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aînupãî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
nupã (noun)
Causative
nupãukar
Causative-comitative
eronupã
Reflexive
îenupã
-ba'e
oînupãba'e
emi-
eminupã／minupã
-pyr
-pyra
i nupãpyra
-sab
-saba
nupãsaba
-sar
-sara
nupãana／nupãsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aînupã (active)
ereînupã (active)
oînupã (active)
oroînupã (active)
îaînupã (active)
peînupã (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aînupã (active)
t'ereînupã (active)
t'oînupã (active)
t'oroînupã (active)
t'îaînupã (active)
ta peînupã (active)
Imperative (active)
eînupã (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aînupãî (active)
n'ereînupãî (active)
n'oînupãî (active)
n'oroînupãî (active)
n'îaînupãî (active)
na peînupãî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aînupã umẽ (active)
t'ereînupã umẽ (active)
t'oînupã umẽ (active)
t'oroînupã umẽ (active)
t'îaînupã umẽ (active)
ta peînupã umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eînupã umẽ (active)
peînupã umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nupã (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
nupãe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe nupãmo (gerund)
nde nupãmo (gerund)
i nupãmo (gerund)
oré nupãmo (gerund)
îandé nupãmo (gerund)
pe nupãmo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe nupãe'yma (gerund)
nde nupãe'yma (gerund)
i nupãe'yma (gerund)
oré nupãe'yma (gerund)
îandé nupãe'yma (gerund)
pe nupãe'yma (gerund)
xe nupãû (gerund)
i nupãû (gerund)
oré nupãû (gerund)
îandé nupãû (gerund)
xe nupãe'ymi (gerund)
i nupãe'ymi (gerund)
oré nupãe'ymi (gerund)
îandé nupãe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: nupá


minga'u

minga'u (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute minga'u, R1 reminga'u, R2 seminga'u, R3 o eminga'u)

Nheengatu: mingaú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mingau

From emi- (passive deverbal suffix) + ka'u (“to make into pap”).

af

porridge; pap (food in the form of a soft paste)


îemopirang

head

îemopirang (first-person singular active indicative aîemopirang, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîemopirangi, noun îemopiranga)

aîemopirang (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîemopirangi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îemopiranga (noun)
Causative
moîemopirang
-ba'e
oîemopirangyba'e
-sab
-saba
îemopirangaba
-sar
-sara
îemopirangara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîemopirang (active)
ereîemopirang (active)
oîemopirang (active)
oroîemopirang (active)
îaîemopirang (active)
peîemopirang (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîemopirang (active)
t'ereîemopirang (active)
t'oîemopirang (active)
t'oroîemopirang (active)
t'îaîemopirang (active)
ta peîemopirang (active)
Imperative (active)
eîemopirang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîemopirangi (active)
n'ereîemopirangi (active)
n'oîemopirangi (active)
n'oroîemopirangi (active)
n'îaîemopirangi (active)
na peîemopirangi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîemopirang umẽ (active)
t'ereîemopirang umẽ (active)
t'oîemopirang umẽ (active)
t'oroîemopirang umẽ (active)
t'îaîemopirang umẽ (active)
ta peîemopirang umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîemopirang umẽ (active)
peîemopirang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîemopiranga (gerund)
eîemopiranga (gerund)
oîemopiranga (gerund)
oroîemopiranga (gerund)
îaîemopiranga (gerund)
peîemopiranga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîemopirange'yma (gerund)
eîemopirange'yma (gerund)
oîemopirange'yma (gerund)
oroîemopirange'yma (gerund)
îaîemopirange'yma (gerund)
peîemopirange'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îemopiranga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îemopirange'yma (infinitive)
xe îemopirangi (infinitive)
i îemopirangi (infinitive)
oré îemopirangi (infinitive)
îandé îemopirangi (infinitive)
xe îemopirange'ymi (infinitive)
i îemopirange'ymi (infinitive)
oré îemopirange'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îemopirange'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: yumupiranga

[j̃ɛ̃.mɔ̃.pĩˈɾ̃ãŋ]

From îe- (reflexive voice prefix) + mopirang (“to paint red, to dye red, to turn red”).

prefix

Moraçeyae ycatu
yeguaca, yemopirãga
çamõgi, yetimãguanga,
yemouna, petimbu,
caraimonha monhanga.
Yemoirõ, morapiti,
you, tapuija rara,
aguaça, moropotara
manhana, çiguaragi
naipotari aba çejara.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, pages 8, 10; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

The dance is what's good,
adorning oneself, painting oneself red,
smearing feathers, dyeing one's legs with urucu,
painting oneself black, smoking,
making spells...
Getting enraged, slaughtering people,
eating one another, capturing Tapuia,
fornication, sensual desire,
pimping, prostitution
— I don't want anyone to stop these.


îemoún

head

îemoún (first-person singular active indicative aîemoún, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîemoúni, noun îemoúna)

aîemoún (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîemoúni (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îemoúna (noun)
Causative
moîemoún
-ba'e
oîemounyba'e
-sab
-saba
îemoundaba
-sar
-sara
îemoundara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîemoún (active)
ereîemoún (active)
oîemoún (active)
oroîemoún (active)
îaîemoún (active)
peîemoún (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîemoún (active)
t'ereîemoún (active)
t'oîemoún (active)
t'oroîemoún (active)
t'îaîemoún (active)
ta peîemoún (active)
Imperative (active)
eîemoún (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîemoúni (active)
n'ereîemoúni (active)
n'oîemoúni (active)
n'oroîemoúni (active)
n'îaîemoúni (active)
na peîemoúni (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîemoún umẽ (active)
t'ereîemoún umẽ (active)
t'oîemoún umẽ (active)
t'oroîemoún umẽ (active)
t'îaîemoún umẽ (active)
ta peîemoún umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîemoún umẽ (active)
peîemoún umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîemoúna (gerund)
eîemoúna (gerund)
oîemoúna (gerund)
oroîemoúna (gerund)
îaîemoúna (gerund)
peîemoúna (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîemoune'yma (gerund)
eîemoune'yma (gerund)
oîemoune'yma (gerund)
oroîemoune'yma (gerund)
îaîemoune'yma (gerund)
peîemoune'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îemoúna (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îemoune'yma (infinitive)
xe îemoúni (infinitive)
i îemoúni (infinitive)
oré îemoúni (infinitive)
îandé îemoúni (infinitive)
xe îemoune'ymi (infinitive)
i îemoune'ymi (infinitive)
oré îemoune'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îemoune'ymi (infinitive)

[j̃ɛ̃.mɔ̃ˈũn]

From îe- (reflexive voice prefix) + moún (“to dye black, to blacken, to darken”).

prefix

to paint oneself black, to turn black, to darken oneself

to dye oneself with genipap (in a ritual)


peteka

Nheengatu: peteka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: peteca


mogûeîyb

head

mogûeîyb (first-person singular active indicative aîmogûeîyb, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmogûeîybi, noun mogûeîyba)

aîmogûeîyb (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmogûeîybi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mogûeîyba (noun)
Causative
mogûeîybukar
Reflexive
îemogûeîyb
-ba'e
oîmogûeîyba'e
emi-
emimogûeîyba／mimogûeîyba
-pyr
-pyra
i mogûeîybypyra
-sab
-saba
mogûeîypaba
-sar
-sara
mogûeîypara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmogûeîyb (active)
ereîmogûeîyb (active)
oîmogûeîyb (active)
oroîmogûeîyb (active)
îaîmogûeîyb (active)
peîmogûeîyb (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmogûeîyb (active)
t'ereîmogûeîyb (active)
t'oîmogûeîyb (active)
t'oroîmogûeîyb (active)
t'îaîmogûeîyb (active)
ta peîmogûeîyb (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmogûeîyb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmogûeîybi (active)
n'ereîmogûeîybi (active)
n'oîmogûeîybi (active)
n'oroîmogûeîybi (active)
n'îaîmogûeîybi (active)
na peîmogûeîybi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
t'ereîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
t'oîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
t'oroîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
t'îaîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
ta peîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
peîmogûeîyb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mogûeîyba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mogûeîybe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mogûeîypa (gerund)
nde mogûeîypa (gerund)
i mogûeîypa (gerund)
oré mogûeîypa (gerund)
îandé mogûeîypa (gerund)
pe mogûeîypa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
nde mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
i mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
oré mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
îandé mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
pe mogûeîybe'yma (gerund)
xe mogûeîybi (gerund)
i mogûeîybi (gerund)
oré mogûeîybi (gerund)
îandé mogûeîybi (gerund)
xe mogûeîybe'ymi (gerund)
i mogûeîybe'ymi (gerund)
oré mogûeîybe'ymi (gerund)
îandé mogûeîybe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: muyé

[mɔ̃.wɛˈjɨβ]

[mɔ̃.wɛˈʒɨβ]

Causative of gûeîyb, from mo- (causative voice prefix) + gûeîyb (“to descend, to go down”).


îegûak

head

îegûak (first-person singular active indicative aîegûak, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîegûaki, noun îegûaka)

aîegûak (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîegûaki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îegûaka (noun)
Causative
moîegûak
Causative-comitative
eroîegûak
-ba'e
oîegûakyba'e
-sab
-saba
îegûakaba
-sar
-sara
îegûakara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîegûak (active)
ereîegûak (active)
oîegûak (active)
oroîegûak (active)
îaîegûak (active)
peîegûak (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîegûak (active)
t'ereîegûak (active)
t'oîegûak (active)
t'oroîegûak (active)
t'îaîegûak (active)
ta peîegûak (active)
Imperative (active)
eîegûak (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîegûaki (active)
n'ereîegûaki (active)
n'oîegûaki (active)
n'oroîegûaki (active)
n'îaîegûaki (active)
na peîegûaki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîegûak umẽ (active)
t'ereîegûak umẽ (active)
t'oîegûak umẽ (active)
t'oroîegûak umẽ (active)
t'îaîegûak umẽ (active)
ta peîegûak umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîegûak umẽ (active)
peîegûak umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîegûaka (gerund)
eîegûaka (gerund)
oîegûaka (gerund)
oroîegûaka (gerund)
îaîegûaka (gerund)
peîegûaka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîegûake'yma (gerund)
eîegûake'yma (gerund)
oîegûake'yma (gerund)
oroîegûake'yma (gerund)
îaîegûake'yma (gerund)
peîegûake'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îegûaka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îegûake'yma (infinitive)
xe îegûaki (infinitive)
i îegûaki (infinitive)
oré îegûaki (infinitive)
îandé îegûaki (infinitive)
xe îegûake'ymi (infinitive)
i îegûake'ymi (infinitive)
oré îegûake'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îegûake'ymi (infinitive)

to adorn oneself, to decorate oneself, to paint oneself


amanarypy'aka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


xumarã

Alternative form of sumarã following a word ending in i, î or y


ro'yrypy'aka

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


amanarypy'oka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


ro'yrypy'oka

[ɾɔ.ʔɨ.ɾɨ.pɨˈʔɔ.ka]

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


îanondé

M. Marâ ey pe ace o quê ya nõ dê, Tûpã mong-etabo?
D. Xeiàr IESV Chriſto, nde rera pupè Anhenong, gui quê potâ, aê taxerobaçab, Ae taxerarõ, aêabê taxepi cîrõ, Ae abê taxererâço ogoripape; ey.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do Sanctiſsimo nome de IESV, & inuocação dos Sanctos” (chapter 4), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 24v:

M. What do people say before going to sleep, praying?
D. They say: "My lord Jesus Christ, in your name I guard myself, wanting to sleep. May it bless me, may it guard me, may it also save me, may it also take me to paradise".


mongaraíb

head

mongaraíb (first-person singular active indicative aîmongaraíb, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmongaraíbi, noun mongaraíba)

aîmongaraíb (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmongaraíbi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mongaraíba (noun)
Causative
mongaraibukar
Reflexive
îemongaraíb
-ba'e
oîmongaraiba'e
emi-
emimongaraíba／mimongaraíba
-pyr
-pyra
i mongaraibypyra
-sab
-saba
mongaraipaba
-sar
-sara
mongaraipara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmongaraíb (active)
ereîmongaraíb (active)
oîmongaraíb (active)
oroîmongaraíb (active)
îaîmongaraíb (active)
peîmongaraíb (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraíb (active)
t'ereîmongaraíb (active)
t'oîmongaraíb (active)
t'oroîmongaraíb (active)
t'îaîmongaraíb (active)
ta peîmongaraíb (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmongaraíb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmongaraíbi (active)
n'ereîmongaraíbi (active)
n'oîmongaraíbi (active)
n'oroîmongaraíbi (active)
n'îaîmongaraíbi (active)
na peîmongaraíbi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'ereîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'oîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'oroîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'îaîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
ta peîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
peîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mongaraíba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mongaraibe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mongaraípa (gerund)
nde mongaraípa (gerund)
i mongaraípa (gerund)
oré mongaraípa (gerund)
îandé mongaraípa (gerund)
pe mongaraípa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
nde mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
i mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
oré mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
îandé mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
pe mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
xe mongaraíbi (gerund)
i mongaraíbi (gerund)
oré mongaraíbi (gerund)
îandé mongaraíbi (gerund)
xe mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
i mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
oré mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
îandé mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)

Causative of karaíb, from mo- (causative prefix) + karaíb (“holy”).


moún

head

moún (first-person singular active indicative aîmoún, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoúni, noun moúna)

aîmoún (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoúni (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moúna (noun)
Causative
mounukar
Reflexive
îemoún
-ba'e
oîmounyba'e
emi-
emimoúna／mimoúna
-pyr
-pyra
i mounymbyra
-sab
-saba
moundaba
-sar
-sara
moundara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoún (active)
ereîmoún (active)
oîmoún (active)
oroîmoún (active)
îaîmoún (active)
peîmoún (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoún (active)
t'ereîmoún (active)
t'oîmoún (active)
t'oroîmoún (active)
t'îaîmoún (active)
ta peîmoún (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoún (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoúni (active)
n'ereîmoúni (active)
n'oîmoúni (active)
n'oroîmoúni (active)
n'îaîmoúni (active)
na peîmoúni (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoún umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoún umẽ (active)
t'oîmoún umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoún umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoún umẽ (active)
ta peîmoún umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoún umẽ (active)
peîmoún umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moúna (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moune'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moúna (gerund)
nde moúna (gerund)
i moúna (gerund)
oré moúna (gerund)
îandé moúna (gerund)
pe moúna (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moune'yma (gerund)
nde moune'yma (gerund)
i moune'yma (gerund)
oré moune'yma (gerund)
îandé moune'yma (gerund)
pe moune'yma (gerund)
xe moúni (gerund)
i moúni (gerund)
oré moúni (gerund)
îandé moúni (gerund)
xe moune'ymi (gerund)
i moune'ymi (gerund)
oré moune'ymi (gerund)
îandé moune'ymi (gerund)

Causative of un, from mo- (causative voice prefix) + un (“black”).

prefix

Aomoundara.

1622, anonymous author, “T[i]ntureiro de panos”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 128; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


aîkobekatu

ARICOBEGASTOU

c. 1540, Jehan Lamy, Le langaige du Bresil (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), page 53r, line 13:


ereîkobépe

[ɛ.ɾɛj.kɔˈβɛ.pɛ]

HERICOBEBE

c. 1540, Jehan Lamy, Le langaige du Bresil (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), page 53r, line 12:


kûab

head

kûab (first-person singular active indicative akûab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akûabi, noun kûaba)

akûab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akûabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kûaba (noun)
Causative
mongûab
Causative-comitative
erokûab
-ba'e
okûaba'e
-sab
-saba
kûapaba
-sar
-sara
kûapara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akûab (active)
erekûab (active)
okûab (active)
orokûab (active)
îakûab (active)
pekûab (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akûab (active)
t'erekûab (active)
t'okûab (active)
t'orokûab (active)
t'îakûab (active)
ta pekûab (active)
Imperative (active)
ekûab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akûabi (active)
n'erekûabi (active)
n'okûabi (active)
n'orokûabi (active)
n'îakûabi (active)
na pekûabi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akûab umẽ (active)
t'erekûab umẽ (active)
t'okûab umẽ (active)
t'orokûab umẽ (active)
t'îakûab umẽ (active)
ta pekûab umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekûab umẽ (active)
pekûab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûikûapa (gerund)
ekûapa (gerund)
okûapa (gerund)
orokûapa (gerund)
îakûapa (gerund)
pekûapa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikûabe'yma (gerund)
ekûabe'yma (gerund)
okûabe'yma (gerund)
orokûabe'yma (gerund)
îakûabe'yma (gerund)
pekûabe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kûaba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kûabe'yma (infinitive)
xe kûabi (infinitive)
i kûabi (infinitive)
oré kûabi (infinitive)
îandé kûabi (infinitive)
xe kûabe'ymi (infinitive)
i kûabe'ymi (infinitive)
oré kûabe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kûabe'ymi (infinitive)

to pass by (to travel past without stopping)

to pass (to change from one state to another)


-sab

Nheengatu: -sawa

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ, from Proto-Tupian *-ap.

etymon

Ejori teremondo
Xeçuj teco angaipaba
co xeanga deruçaba
derupabamo toico.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Pitangi porangeté]” (chapter L), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 97, column 1, lines 6–9; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesisas, São Paulo, 1956, page 184:

Come to shoo the sin from me. Here's my soul, place of your arrival, it shall be your bed.

froms nouns from verbs, indicating, generally, a means of action of that verb

forms nouns from verbs, denoting the act of doing something; -ing

nhemoŷrõ (“to become angry”) + -sab + -a → nhemoŷrõndaba (“wrath”)

(Late Tupi) forms abstract nouns from verbs and adjectives


moting

head

moting (first-person singular active indicative aîmoting, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmotingi, noun motinga)

aîmoting (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmotingi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
motinga (noun)

motinga:

Nheengatu: mutinga

From mo- (causative voice prefix) + ting (“white”).

af

(Late Tupi, hapax) to whitewash; to lime


moting

aîmoting (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmotingi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
motinga (noun)
Causative
motingukar
Reflexive
îemoting
-ba'e
oîmotingyba'e
emi-
emimotinga／mimotinga
-pyr
-pyra
i motingymbyra
-sab
-saba
motingaba
-sar
-sara
motingara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoting (active)
ereîmoting (active)
oîmoting (active)
oroîmoting (active)
îaîmoting (active)
peîmoting (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoting (active)
t'ereîmoting (active)
t'oîmoting (active)
t'oroîmoting (active)
t'îaîmoting (active)
ta peîmoting (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoting (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmotingi (active)
n'ereîmotingi (active)
n'oîmotingi (active)
n'oroîmotingi (active)
n'îaîmotingi (active)
na peîmotingi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoting umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoting umẽ (active)
t'oîmoting umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoting umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoting umẽ (active)
ta peîmoting umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoting umẽ (active)
peîmoting umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
motinga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
motinge'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe motinga (gerund)
nde motinga (gerund)
i motinga (gerund)
oré motinga (gerund)
îandé motinga (gerund)
pe motinga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe motinge'yma (gerund)
nde motinge'yma (gerund)
i motinge'yma (gerund)
oré motinge'yma (gerund)
îandé motinge'yma (gerund)
pe motinge'yma (gerund)
xe motingi (gerund)
i motingi (gerund)
oré motingi (gerund)
îandé motingi (gerund)
xe motinge'ymi (gerund)
i motinge'ymi (gerund)
oré motinge'ymi (gerund)
îandé motinge'ymi (gerund)

From mo- (causative voice prefix) + ting (“nauseous”). Cognate with Guaraní motĩ.


kuab

head

kuab (first-person singular active indicative aîkuab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkuabi, noun kuaba)

aîkuab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîkuabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kuaba (noun)
Causative
kuabukar
Causative-comitative
erokuab
Reflexive
îekuab
-ba'e
oîkuaba'e
emi-
eminguaba／minguaba
-pyr
-pyra
i kuabypyra
-sab
-saba
kuapaba
-sar
-sara
kuapara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîkuab (active)
ereîkuab (active)
oîkuab (active)
oroîkuab (active)
îaîkuab (active)
peîkuab (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîkuab (active)
t'ereîkuab (active)
t'oîkuab (active)
t'oroîkuab (active)
t'îaîkuab (active)
ta peîkuab (active)
Imperative (active)
eîkuab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîkuabi (active)
n'ereîkuabi (active)
n'oîkuabi (active)
n'oroîkuabi (active)
n'îaîkuabi (active)
na peîkuabi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîkuab umẽ (active)
t'ereîkuab umẽ (active)
t'oîkuab umẽ (active)
t'oroîkuab umẽ (active)
t'îaîkuab umẽ (active)
ta peîkuab umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîkuab umẽ (active)
peîkuab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kuaba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kuabe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kuapa (gerund)
nde kuapa (gerund)
i kuapa (gerund)
oré kuapa (gerund)
îandé kuapa (gerund)
pe kuapa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kuabe'yma (gerund)
nde kuabe'yma (gerund)
i kuabe'yma (gerund)
oré kuabe'yma (gerund)
îandé kuabe'yma (gerund)
pe kuabe'yma (gerund)
xe kuabi (gerund)
i kuabi (gerund)
oré kuabi (gerund)
îandé kuabi (gerund)
xe kuabe'ymi (gerund)
i kuabe'ymi (gerund)
oré kuabe'ymi (gerund)
îandé kuabe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: kwáu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuwaaβ.

inh+

to know (to perceive the truth or factuality of)

M. Marã ey pe S.Pedro?
D. Naicuâbi aèabâ, ey, T. rece / Oyâbo tenhé, oemo emamo Tupã / rera renõya.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 57:

Master: What did Saint Peter said?
Disciple: I don't know this man, he said, saying to God in vain, lyingly calling the name of God.

to know (to be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered)

Maranamo pe ace Sanctos ara cuabi? / Ymoetebo, y pupe toriba monhanga?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 24:

Why do the people acknowledge the saints' days? Praising them, having parties on [these days]?

to guess (to reach an unconfirmed conclusion)

to feel (to find one's way by touching or using cautious movements)

Naicuguabi xegiba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Tolheito ou tolhido ter algum membro que o não sente”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 130; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


moîub

head

moîub (first-person singular active indicative aîmoîub, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoîubi, noun moîuba)

aîmoîub (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoîubi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moîuba (noun)
Causative
moîubukar
Reflexive
îemoîub
-ba'e
oîmoîuba'e
emi-
emimoîuba／mimoîuba
-pyr
-pyra
i moîubypyra
-sab
-saba
moîupaba
-sar
-sara
moîupara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoîub (active)
ereîmoîub (active)
oîmoîub (active)
oroîmoîub (active)
îaîmoîub (active)
peîmoîub (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoîub (active)
t'ereîmoîub (active)
t'oîmoîub (active)
t'oroîmoîub (active)
t'îaîmoîub (active)
ta peîmoîub (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoîub (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoîubi (active)
n'ereîmoîubi (active)
n'oîmoîubi (active)
n'oroîmoîubi (active)
n'îaîmoîubi (active)
na peîmoîubi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoîub umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoîub umẽ (active)
t'oîmoîub umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoîub umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoîub umẽ (active)
ta peîmoîub umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoîub umẽ (active)
peîmoîub umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moîuba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moîube'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moîupa (gerund)
nde moîupa (gerund)
i moîupa (gerund)
oré moîupa (gerund)
îandé moîupa (gerund)
pe moîupa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moîube'yma (gerund)
nde moîube'yma (gerund)
i moîube'yma (gerund)
oré moîube'yma (gerund)
îandé moîube'yma (gerund)
pe moîube'yma (gerund)
xe moîubi (gerund)
i moîubi (gerund)
oré moîubi (gerund)
îandé moîubi (gerund)
xe moîube'ymi (gerund)
i moîube'ymi (gerund)
oré moîube'ymi (gerund)
îandé moîube'ymi (gerund)

Causative of îub, from mo- (causative voice prefix) + îub (“yellow”).

af

Aimoiub[…]Jtaiubapupe.

1622, anonymous author, “Dourar com ouro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 106; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


mba'e'ueteeté

From mba'e (“thing”) + 'u (“act of eating”) + eteeté (“immense, too much”), literally “immense act of eating things, act of eating things too much”.

Mbaé û ètè ètè robajàra, Oyanhóte mbaeû.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter 1, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 18:

The opposite of gluttony [is] eating only enough.


oré-ruba

[ɔ.ɾɛˈɾu.βa]

Calque of Portuguese pai-nosso, from oré (“our”) + ruba (“father”).
Compare Guaraní Ore Ru.

M. Marã iabêpe iarobia^([sic]) cüácatú Tupã recé, ixupébé iande recotebẽçâba pabẽ recé ıâieruré cüa catúne?
D. Orerûba cüacatuâbo.
M. Aépe Virgem MARIA Senhora nossa, marã iabe iaierurecüacatúne?
D. Ave MARIA, Salve Rainha abe cüâcatûreme: iepi memébe çäânga ixupé cecẽ oierobiá étébo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo II”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Esperança, e Caridade, &c., pages 64–65; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

M. In what way will we know well to trust in God and ask him for all our needs?
D. By knowing the Lord's Prayer well.
M. And as for the Virgin Mary Our Lady, in what way will we know well to ask her?
D. By knowing the Hail Mary and the Salve Regina well, always pronouncing them and trusting in her a lot.

(Christianity, Late Tupi) Lord's Prayer, Our Father (the prayer taught by Jesus Christ to his disciples)


eteeté

head

eteeté (IIa class pluriform, R1 reteeté, R2 seteeté, noun form eteeté)

M. Mbäépe Tupã, recé acẽ ierobiaçâb eté?
D. Tupã myatã eté eté, cecóatëymëymeté eté, iangaturáma, iporaucubâreté^([sic]) etébe. acébo imombeuagoéra, Iande iâra JESUS Christo rëõagoéra béno.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo II”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Esperança, e Caridade, &c., pages 62–63; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

M. What are the main reasons for the people's trust in God?
D. The immense power of God, his immense generosity, his goodness, his immense compassion as well, his having proclaimed them to the people, the death of Our Lord Jesus Christ as well.


eteeté

Oû eteete ahẽ bae

1622, anonymous author, “Sobejamente, ou demasiadamente”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 118; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Xe angaipabóramo abé
Aipouçú eté eté xe iára,
Iorí xe pycyrõçâra^([sic])
Xe moiecoçúb iepé,
Xe ánga remiecâra^([sic]).

1686 [1618], Cristóvão Valente, “A Virgem Santiſſima Maria Mãy de Deos Senhora Noſſa”, in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Poemas Braſilicos (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes:

Being a sinner too,
I extremely fear my lord.
Come, my savior.
Make me rejoice,
[you] what my soul seeks.


'ok

'ok (first-person singular active indicative aîo'ok, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîo'oki, noun 'oka)

aîo'ok (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîo'oki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'oka (noun)
Causative
'okukar
Causative-comitative
ero'ok
Reflexive
îe'ok
-ba'e
oîo'okyba'e
emi-
emi'oka／mi'oka
-pyr
-pyra
i 'okypyra
-sab
-saba
'okaba
-sar
-sara
'okara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîo'ok (active)
ereîo'ok (active)
oîo'ok (active)
oroîo'ok (active)
îaîo'ok (active)
peîo'ok (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîo'ok (active)
t'ereîo'ok (active)
t'oîo'ok (active)
t'oroîo'ok (active)
t'îaîo'ok (active)
ta peîo'ok (active)
Imperative (active)
eîo'ok (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîo'oki (active)
n'ereîo'oki (active)
n'oîo'oki (active)
n'oroîo'oki (active)
n'îaîo'oki (active)
na peîo'oki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîo'ok umẽ (active)
t'ereîo'ok umẽ (active)
t'oîo'ok umẽ (active)
t'oroîo'ok umẽ (active)
t'îaîo'ok umẽ (active)
ta peîo'ok umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîo'ok umẽ (active)
peîo'ok umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
'oka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
'oke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe 'oka (gerund)
nde 'oka (gerund)
i 'oka (gerund)
oré 'oka (gerund)
îandé 'oka (gerund)
pe 'oka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe 'oke'yma (gerund)
nde 'oke'yma (gerund)
i 'oke'yma (gerund)
oré 'oke'yma (gerund)
îandé 'oke'yma (gerund)
pe 'oke'yma (gerund)
xe 'oki (gerund)
i 'oki (gerund)
oré 'oki (gerund)
îandé 'oki (gerund)
xe 'oke'ymi (gerund)
i 'oke'ymi (gerund)
oré 'oke'ymi (gerund)
îandé 'oke'ymi (gerund)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔok, from Proto-Tupian *ʔək.

to pluck; to pull off (to remove by pulling)

Aiooc xeaoba[…], [aiooc] Xepîgapaçaba.

1622, anonymous author, “Descalçar ou despir”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 96; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

I took off my clothes. I took off my shoes.

Nhemongaräi´ba y caräiba pupé acẽ nhemoĩaçyca, acẽ ânga oiocei´, oimoiacýc ikyiâ ôca.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Breve instrução para o Bautismo de hum Indio pagão em caso de suprema necessidade”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 113; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

With baptism's holy water the people baptise themselves, wash their souls, wash them to take their filth off.

Auçaoc.

1622, anonymous author, “Caranguejar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 66; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


manema

→ Brazilian Portuguese: manema

(derogatory) coward (person who lacks courage)


manema

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


esagûyrumbyk

head

esagûyrumbyk (IIa class pluriform, R1 resagûyrumbyk, R2 sesagûyrumbyk, noun form esagûyrumbyka)

From esá (“eye”) + gûyra (“bottom, lower part, bottom part”) + *umbyk (“purple, dark”), literally “purple lower parts of eyes”.

af

Mba'e resépe nde resagûyrumbyk?

Kûesekûesé bé gûikere'yma, ko'yr xe resagûyrumbyketeetéramo nhẽ.

Having not slept since the day before yesterday, now I have dark circles too much, indeed.


itamembeka

Nheengatu: itá-membeka

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil


-ramo

as; like (in the same way or manner that)

(South Tupi) forms the circumstantial voice of adjectives


kytyk

head

kytyk (first-person singular active indicative aîkytyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkytyki, noun kytyka)

aîkytyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîkytyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kytyka (noun)
Causative
kytykukar
Causative-comitative
erokytyk
Reflexive
îekytyk
-ba'e
oîkytykyba'e
emi-
emingytyka／mingytyka
-pyr
-pyra
i kytykypyra
-sab
-saba
kytykaba
-sar
-sara
kytykara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîkytyk (active)
ereîkytyk (active)
oîkytyk (active)
oroîkytyk (active)
îaîkytyk (active)
peîkytyk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîkytyk (active)
t'ereîkytyk (active)
t'oîkytyk (active)
t'oroîkytyk (active)
t'îaîkytyk (active)
ta peîkytyk (active)
Imperative (active)
eîkytyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîkytyki (active)
n'ereîkytyki (active)
n'oîkytyki (active)
n'oroîkytyki (active)
n'îaîkytyki (active)
na peîkytyki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîkytyk umẽ (active)
t'ereîkytyk umẽ (active)
t'oîkytyk umẽ (active)
t'oroîkytyk umẽ (active)
t'îaîkytyk umẽ (active)
ta peîkytyk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîkytyk umẽ (active)
peîkytyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kytyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kytyke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kytyka (gerund)
nde kytyka (gerund)
i kytyka (gerund)
oré kytyka (gerund)
îandé kytyka (gerund)
pe kytyka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kytyke'yma (gerund)
nde kytyke'yma (gerund)
i kytyke'yma (gerund)
oré kytyke'yma (gerund)
îandé kytyke'yma (gerund)
pe kytyke'yma (gerund)
xe kytyki (gerund)
i kytyki (gerund)
oré kytyki (gerund)
îandé kytyki (gerund)
xe kytyke'ymi (gerund)
i kytyke'ymi (gerund)
oré kytyke'ymi (gerund)
îandé kytyke'ymi (gerund)

to scrub (to rub hard for the purpose of cleaning or brightening)


moporanga

Nheengatu: mupuranga


Kunhambeb

[kũ.ɲãˈmbɛβ]


orébo

From oré (“we, us, our”, exclusive first-person plural pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


îandébe

[j̃ãˈndɛ.βɛ]

From îandé (“we, us, our”, inclusive first-person plural pronoun) + -pe (“to”).


îandébo

[j̃ãˈndɛ.βɔ]

From îandé (“we, us, our”, inclusive first-person plural pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


asébo

From asé (“one, people”, indefinite personal pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


asébe

From asé (“one, people”, indefinite personal pronoun) + -pe (“to”).


endébo

From endé (“you”, second-person singular pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


peẽmo

From peẽ (“you”, second-person plural pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


orébe

From oré (“we, us, our”, exclusive first-person plural pronoun) + -pe (“to”).


moporang

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moporang (first-person singular active indicative aîmoporang, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoporangi, noun moporanga)

aîmoporang (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoporangi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moporanga (noun)
Causative
moporangukar
Reflexive
îemoporang
-ba'e
oîmoporangyba'e
emi-
emimoporanga／mimoporanga
-pyr
-pyra
i moporangymbyra
-sab
-saba
moporangaba
-sar
-sara
moporangara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoporang (active)
ereîmoporang (active)
oîmoporang (active)
oroîmoporang (active)
îaîmoporang (active)
peîmoporang (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoporang (active)
t'ereîmoporang (active)
t'oîmoporang (active)
t'oroîmoporang (active)
t'îaîmoporang (active)
ta peîmoporang (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoporang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoporangi (active)
n'ereîmoporangi (active)
n'oîmoporangi (active)
n'oroîmoporangi (active)
n'îaîmoporangi (active)
na peîmoporangi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoporang umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoporang umẽ (active)
t'oîmoporang umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoporang umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoporang umẽ (active)
ta peîmoporang umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoporang umẽ (active)
peîmoporang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moporanga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moporange'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moporanga (gerund)
nde moporanga (gerund)
i moporanga (gerund)
oré moporanga (gerund)
îandé moporanga (gerund)
pe moporanga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moporange'yma (gerund)
nde moporange'yma (gerund)
i moporange'yma (gerund)
oré moporange'yma (gerund)
îandé moporange'yma (gerund)
pe moporange'yma (gerund)
xe moporangi (gerund)
i moporangi (gerund)
oré moporangi (gerund)
îandé moporangi (gerund)
xe moporange'ymi (gerund)
i moporange'ymi (gerund)
oré moporange'ymi (gerund)
îandé moporange'ymi (gerund)

Causative of porang, from mo- (causative voice prefix) + porang (“beautiful”).


ixébo

From ixé (“I”, first-person singular pronoun) + -bo (“to”, dative with personal pronouns).


Itaomirĩ

From itá (“stone”) + oka (“house”) + mirĩ (“small”), literally “small stone house”.


Itapuku

From itá (“stone”) + puku (“long”), literally “long stone”.


Itaîybá

Portuguese: Itagibá

From itá (“stone”) + îybá (“arm”), literally “stone arm”.


Inĩgûasu

From inĩ (“hammock”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix), literally “big hammock”.


itaîunema

From itaîuba (“gold”) + nema (“stinking”), literally “stinking gold”.


itaekobé

From itá (“metal”) + ekobé (“living”), literally “living metal”.


itanema

From itá (“metal”) + nema (“stinking”), literally “stinking metal”.
Compare Guaraní itane.


itaesakanga

From itá (“stone”) + esakanga (“shining, translucent”), literally “shining, translucent stone”.


Serobabé

→ Portuguese: Zorobabé

[sɛ.ɾɔ.βaˈβɛ]


membek

form membeka (noun)
Causative
momembek
-ba'e
i membekyba'e
-sab
-saba
membekaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe membek (active)
i membek (active)
oré membek (active)
îandé membek (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe membek (active)
ta nde membek (active)
t'i membek (active)
t'oré membek (active)
t'îandé membek (active)
ta pe membek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe membeki (active)
na nde membeki (active)
n'i membeki (active)
n'oré membeki (active)
n'îandé membeki (active)
na pe membeki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde membek umẽ (active)
pe membek umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe membek umẽ (active)
ta nde membek umẽ (active)
t'i membek umẽ (active)
t'oré membek umẽ (active)
t'îandé membek umẽ (active)
ta pe membek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe membekamo (gerund)
nde membekamo (gerund)
o membekamo (gerund)
oré membekamo (gerund)
îandé membekamo (gerund)
pe membekamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe membeke'ymamo (gerund)
nde membeke'ymamo (gerund)
o membeke'ymamo (gerund)
oré membeke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé membeke'ymamo (gerund)
pe membeke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
membeka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
membeke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe membeki (infinitive)
i membeki (infinitive)
oré membeki (infinitive)
îandé membeki (infinitive)
xe membeke'ymi (infinitive)
i membeke'ymi (infinitive)
oré membeke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé membeke'ymi (infinitive)


membek

head

membek (first-person singular active indicative amembek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'amembeki, noun membeka)

amembek (active first-person indicative singular)
n'amembeki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
membeka (noun)
Causative
momembek
Causative-comitative
eromembek
-ba'e
omembekyba'e
-sab
-saba
membekaba
-sar
-sara
membekara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
amembek (active)
eremembek (active)
omembek (active)
oromembek (active)
îamembek (active)
pemembek (active)
Permissive (active)
t'amembek (active)
t'eremembek (active)
t'omembek (active)
t'oromembek (active)
t'îamembek (active)
ta pemembek (active)
Imperative (active)
emembek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'amembeki (active)
n'eremembeki (active)
n'omembeki (active)
n'oromembeki (active)
n'îamembeki (active)
na pemembeki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'amembek umẽ (active)
t'eremembek umẽ (active)
t'omembek umẽ (active)
t'oromembek umẽ (active)
t'îamembek umẽ (active)
ta pemembek umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
emembek umẽ (active)
pemembek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûimembeka (gerund)
emembeka (gerund)
omembeka (gerund)
oromembeka (gerund)
îamembeka (gerund)
pemembeka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûimembeke'yma (gerund)
emembeke'yma (gerund)
omembeke'yma (gerund)
oromembeke'yma (gerund)
îamembeke'yma (gerund)
pemembeke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
membeka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
membeke'yma (infinitive)
xe membeki (infinitive)
i membeki (infinitive)
oré membeki (infinitive)
îandé membeki (infinitive)
xe membeke'ymi (infinitive)
i membeke'ymi (infinitive)
oré membeke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé membeke'ymi (infinitive)


apûã

Coordinate term: embé (“lower lip”)

labium superius oris
labium superius oris


pûerab

pûerab (first-person singular active indicative apûerab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apûerabi, noun pûeraba)

apûerab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'apûerabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
pûeraba (noun)
Causative
momûerab
Causative-comitative
eropûerab
-ba'e
opûeraba'e
-sab
-saba
pûerapaba
-sar
-sara
pûerapara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apûerab (active)
erepûerab (active)
opûerab (active)
oropûerab (active)
îapûerab (active)
pepûerab (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apûerab (active)
t'erepûerab (active)
t'opûerab (active)
t'oropûerab (active)
t'îapûerab (active)
ta pepûerab (active)
Imperative (active)
epûerab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'apûerabi (active)
n'erepûerabi (active)
n'opûerabi (active)
n'oropûerabi (active)
n'îapûerabi (active)
na pepûerabi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apûerab umẽ (active)
t'erepûerab umẽ (active)
t'opûerab umẽ (active)
t'oropûerab umẽ (active)
t'îapûerab umẽ (active)
ta pepûerab umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epûerab umẽ (active)
pepûerab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûipûerapa (gerund)
epûerapa (gerund)
opûerapa (gerund)
oropûerapa (gerund)
îapûerapa (gerund)
pepûerapa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûipûerabe'yma (gerund)
epûerabe'yma (gerund)
opûerabe'yma (gerund)
oropûerabe'yma (gerund)
îapûerabe'yma (gerund)
pepûerabe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pûeraba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pûerabe'yma (infinitive)
xe pûerabi (infinitive)
i pûerabi (infinitive)
oré pûerabi (infinitive)
îandé pûerabi (infinitive)
xe pûerabe'ymi (infinitive)
i pûerabe'ymi (infinitive)
oré pûerabe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pûerabe'ymi (infinitive)

to convalesce, to regain consciousness (the fainted)


gûym

Gûym a'é nhẽ.

I left in a hurry. (literally, “I made a whoosh sound.”)

(used with the verb e) to leave quickly, flying, buzzing (literally, “to make a whoosh sound”)


'ypîasó

'ypîasó (first-person singular active indicative a'ypîasó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'ypîasóî, noun 'ypîasó)

a'ypîasó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'ypîasóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'ypîasó (noun)
Causative
mo'ypîasó
Causative-comitative
ero'ypîasó
-ba'e
o'ypîasoba'e
-sab
-saba
'ypîasoaba／'ypîasosaba
-sar
-sara
'ypîasoara／'ypîasosara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
a'ypîasó (active)
ere'ypîasó (active)
o'ypîasó (active)
oro'ypîasó (active)
îa'ypîasó (active)
pe'ypîasó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'a'ypîasó (active)
t'ere'ypîasó (active)
t'o'ypîasó (active)
t'oro'ypîasó (active)
t'îa'ypîasó (active)
ta pe'ypîasó (active)
Imperative (active)
e'ypîasó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'a'ypîasóî (active)
n'ere'ypîasóî (active)
n'o'ypîasóî (active)
n'oro'ypîasóî (active)
n'îa'ypîasóî (active)
na pe'ypîasóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'a'ypîasó umẽ (active)
t'ere'ypîasó umẽ (active)
t'o'ypîasó umẽ (active)
t'oro'ypîasó umẽ (active)
t'îa'ypîasó umẽ (active)
ta pe'ypîasó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
e'ypîasó umẽ (active)
pe'ypîasó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûi'ypîasóbo (gerund)
e'ypîasóbo (gerund)
o'ypîasóbo (gerund)
oro'ypîasóbo (gerund)
îa'ypîasóbo (gerund)
pe'ypîasóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûi'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
e'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
o'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
oro'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
îa'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
pe'ypîasoe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
'ypîasó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
'ypîasoe'yma (infinitive)
xe 'ypîasóû (infinitive)
i 'ypîasóû (infinitive)
oré 'ypîasóû (infinitive)
îandé 'ypîasóû (infinitive)
xe 'ypîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
i 'ypîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré 'ypîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé 'ypîasoe'ymi (infinitive)

By surface analysis, 'y (“water source”) + -pe (“to”, directional, with movement) + a- (first-person-singular personal-number prefix) + só (“to go”), literally “I go to the water source”.


abaeté

Nheengatu: awaeté

→ Brazilian Portuguese: abaetê, Abaeté

(Late Tupi, Christianity) layman (man who is not an ordained cleric)


abaeté

form abaeté (noun)
Causative
moabaeté
-ba'e
i abaeteba'e
-sab
-saba
abaeteaba／abaetesaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe abaeté (active)
i abaeté (active)
oré abaeté (active)
îandé abaeté (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe abaeté (active)
ta nde abaeté (active)
t'i abaeté (active)
t'oré abaeté (active)
t'îandé abaeté (active)
ta pe abaeté (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe abaetéî (active)
na nde abaetéî (active)
n'i abaetéî (active)
n'oré abaetéî (active)
n'îandé abaetéî (active)
na pe abaetéî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde abaeté umẽ (active)
pe abaeté umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe abaeté umẽ (active)
ta nde abaeté umẽ (active)
t'i abaeté umẽ (active)
t'oré abaeté umẽ (active)
t'îandé abaeté umẽ (active)
ta pe abaeté umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe abaetéramo (gerund)
nde abaetéramo (gerund)
o abaetéramo (gerund)
oré abaetéramo (gerund)
îandé abaetéramo (gerund)
pe abaetéramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
nde abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
o abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
oré abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
pe abaetee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
abaeté (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
abaetee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe abaetéû (infinitive)
i abaetéû (infinitive)
oré abaetéû (infinitive)
îandé abaetéû (infinitive)
xe abaetee'ymi (infinitive)
i abaetee'ymi (infinitive)
oré abaetee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé abaetee'ymi (infinitive)

⇒ Nheengatu: yawaité

terrifying; frightening (capable of causing fear)


ka'apîasó

head

ka'apîasó (first-person singular active indicative aka'apîasó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aka'apîasóî, noun ka'apîasó)

aka'apîasó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aka'apîasóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
ka'apîasó (noun)
Causative
monga'apîasó
Causative-comitative
eroka'apîasó
-ba'e
oka'apîasoba'e
-sab
-saba
ka'apîasoaba／ka'apîasosaba
-sar
-sara
ka'apîasoara／ka'apîasosara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aka'apîasó (active)
ereka'apîasó (active)
oka'apîasó (active)
oroka'apîasó (active)
îaka'apîasó (active)
peka'apîasó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aka'apîasó (active)
t'ereka'apîasó (active)
t'oka'apîasó (active)
t'oroka'apîasó (active)
t'îaka'apîasó (active)
ta peka'apîasó (active)
Imperative (active)
eka'apîasó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aka'apîasóî (active)
n'ereka'apîasóî (active)
n'oka'apîasóî (active)
n'oroka'apîasóî (active)
n'îaka'apîasóî (active)
na peka'apîasóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aka'apîasó umẽ (active)
t'ereka'apîasó umẽ (active)
t'oka'apîasó umẽ (active)
t'oroka'apîasó umẽ (active)
t'îaka'apîasó umẽ (active)
ta peka'apîasó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eka'apîasó umẽ (active)
peka'apîasó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûika'apîasóbo (gerund)
eka'apîasóbo (gerund)
oka'apîasóbo (gerund)
oroka'apîasóbo (gerund)
îaka'apîasóbo (gerund)
peka'apîasóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûika'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
eka'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
oka'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
oroka'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
îaka'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
peka'apîasoe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ka'apîasó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ka'apîasoe'yma (infinitive)
xe ka'apîasóû (infinitive)
i ka'apîasóû (infinitive)
oré ka'apîasóû (infinitive)
îandé ka'apîasóû (infinitive)
xe ka'apîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
i ka'apîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré ka'apîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé ka'apîasoe'ymi (infinitive)

By surface analysis, ka'a (“woods”) + -pe (“to”, directional, with movement) + a- (first-person-singular personal-number prefix) + só (“to go”), literally “I go to the woods”.

surface analysis

Gûym a'é nhẽ gûika'apîasopotá!

I left quickly because I wanted to defecate! (literally, “I made a whoosh sound because I wanted to defecate!”)


kopîasó

head

kopîasó (first-person singular active indicative akopîasó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akopîasóî, noun kopîasó)

akopîasó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akopîasóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kopîasó (noun)
Causative
mongopîasó
Causative-comitative
erokopîasó
-ba'e
okopîasoba'e
-sab
-saba
kopîasoaba／kopîasosaba
-sar
-sara
kopîasoara／kopîasosara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akopîasó (active)
erekopîasó (active)
okopîasó (active)
orokopîasó (active)
îakopîasó (active)
pekopîasó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akopîasó (active)
t'erekopîasó (active)
t'okopîasó (active)
t'orokopîasó (active)
t'îakopîasó (active)
ta pekopîasó (active)
Imperative (active)
ekopîasó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akopîasóî (active)
n'erekopîasóî (active)
n'okopîasóî (active)
n'orokopîasóî (active)
n'îakopîasóî (active)
na pekopîasóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akopîasó umẽ (active)
t'erekopîasó umẽ (active)
t'okopîasó umẽ (active)
t'orokopîasó umẽ (active)
t'îakopîasó umẽ (active)
ta pekopîasó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekopîasó umẽ (active)
pekopîasó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûikopîasóbo (gerund)
ekopîasóbo (gerund)
okopîasóbo (gerund)
orokopîasóbo (gerund)
îakopîasóbo (gerund)
pekopîasóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikopîasoe'yma (gerund)
ekopîasoe'yma (gerund)
okopîasoe'yma (gerund)
orokopîasoe'yma (gerund)
îakopîasoe'yma (gerund)
pekopîasoe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kopîasó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kopîasoe'yma (infinitive)
xe kopîasóû (infinitive)
i kopîasóû (infinitive)
oré kopîasóû (infinitive)
îandé kopîasóû (infinitive)
xe kopîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
i kopîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré kopîasoe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kopîasoe'ymi (infinitive)

By surface analysis, kó (“farm, plantation”) + -pe (“to”, directional, with movement) + a- (first-person-singular personal-number prefix) + só (“to go”), literally “I go to the farm”.


itaîngapema

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tangapema

maẽ co xe itãgapema
xepope ndoicoi tenhe
pemobocaõma e.

c. 1589, Joseph of Anchieta, “Recebimẽto, q̃ fezeraõ oſ Jndioſ de guaraparĩ ao Pᵉ Prouĩcial Marçal Belliarte” (chapter XXI), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 23v, column 2, lines 189–191; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 56:

Look, this warclub of mine is not aimlessly in my hands, it is in fact the weapon that will shatter you all.

S. Pedro y tãgapema ocequij / morubixàba rembiauçuba / Malco ceribaè rapixapa, / ynambi mondôra

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 54v:

Saint Peter drew the sword and struck a servant of the high priest named Malchus, cutting off his ear.

Enhonong de itaingapema ndecuaì[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:


itaîngapema

a tree whose wood was used to make warclubs. Further details are uncertain.


pepó

Nheengatu: pepú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pepo, from Proto-Tupian *pepʔo.

wing (appendage of an animal's body that enables it to fly)

fletching; empennage (feathers attached to an arrow)


aûsupara

head

aûsupara (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taûsupara, R1 raûsupara, R2 saûsupara)

M. Marãpe Iudeos recou aereme?
D. O pocê pocê pabenhe cecê, / eymoyarûcaribîrà yoaçàba recè, / oyabo, ymondobonhè ndereicoi / Ceſar nde rubixàba rauçupàramo, / oyabo.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, pages 60v—61:

Master: How were the jews?
Disciple: They all kept shouting “order him to be nailled on the cross!” because of it, as well as “letting him go away, you don't act like one that steems your leader Caesar!”.


îandûaba

→ German: Enduape

→ Portuguese: enduape

From îandu (“greater rhea”) + aba (“plumage”), literally “plumage of greater rhea”.

af

headdress used by the Tupi Indians on their buttocks, which was hung from the waist


saraûaîa

Borrowed from Portuguese salvage (“savage”).

bor+

ſarauayamo oroico
caape oroyemonhãga
oroju nde momorãga
ore aiba reropo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter 27, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 27v, lines 37–40; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 569:

Savages we are,
for being born in the woods.
We came to celebrate you,
casting away our wickedness.


akanetá

→ Portuguese: canitar


Iperuûasu

From iperu (“shark”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix).


gûé

Xerubgué.

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 6:


kuré

Nheengatu: kuri

(hapax) used by swineherds to call their pigs


-ygûar

Nheengatu: -wara

suffix expressing origin, nativity, or residency


mamõygûara

From mamõ (“outside, afar”) + -ygûar (origin, nativity, or residency suffix) + -a (nominal suffix), literally “one who is from outside, one who is from afar”.


Gûenũ

→ Portuguese: Guenum

Arocacar guenũ.

1622, anonymous author, “Chegar-se indo como o caminhante ao lugar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 73; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

An island located in the Bay of All Saints in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, equivalent to modern-day Ilha dos Frades


tupãok

form tupãoka (noun)
Causative
motupãok
-ba'e
i tupãokyba'e
-sab
-saba
tupãokaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe tupãok (active)
i tupãok (active)
oré tupãok (active)
îandé tupãok (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe tupãok (active)
ta nde tupãok (active)
t'i tupãok (active)
t'oré tupãok (active)
t'îandé tupãok (active)
ta pe tupãok (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe tupãoki (active)
na nde tupãoki (active)
n'i tupãoki (active)
n'oré tupãoki (active)
n'îandé tupãoki (active)
na pe tupãoki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde tupãok umẽ (active)
pe tupãok umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe tupãok umẽ (active)
ta nde tupãok umẽ (active)
t'i tupãok umẽ (active)
t'oré tupãok umẽ (active)
t'îandé tupãok umẽ (active)
ta pe tupãok umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tupãokamo (gerund)
nde tupãokamo (gerund)
o tupãokamo (gerund)
oré tupãokamo (gerund)
îandé tupãokamo (gerund)
pe tupãokamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
nde tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
o tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
oré tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
pe tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tupãoka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tupãoke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe tupãoki (infinitive)
i tupãoki (infinitive)
oré tupãoki (infinitive)
îandé tupãoki (infinitive)
xe tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
i tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
oré tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)

Back-formation from tupãoka (“house of worship”).

back-formation

Maene, Tupinãba
Paraguaçupe ndaroera,
ytupã ocibae puera
opacatu yamomba
nitibetei çembiroera

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 63, lines 142–146; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 691:

Look, the Tupinambás
who were in Paraguaçu
and had their churches,
we destroyed them all.
Not even their remains are left.

(Late Tupi, religion) to have a house of worship (usually a Catholic church)


aîura

Nheengatu: ayura

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jur, from Proto-Tupian *wut.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ajúra.

Oyâbo acé Sanctos ará cuábi, oyábo bê acé ycãgoerĩ tiruã mombaêtêo oaiuri cerecõbocecê onhemoapicicatuabo yepi cecé oyerobiâ.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Da inſtituição do Domingo”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 12v:

The same way people acknowledge the saints' days, they too worship even their little bones as well, keeping them in their necks so as to always comfort themselves, trusting in them.

neck (part of the body connecting the head and the trunk)

Jganhurĩ.

1622, anonymous author, “Colo mui delgado como da cabaça”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 77; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

neck (the tapered part of a bottle toward the opening)


pupîara

By surface analysis, pupé (“inside of”) + -yûar (origin, nativity, or residency suffix) + -a (nominal suffix).


kysyîé

head

kysyîé (first-person singular active indicative akysyîé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akysyîéî, noun kysyîé)

akysyîé (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akysyîéî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kysyîé (noun)
Causative
mongysyîé
Causative-comitative
erokysyîé
-ba'e
okysyîeba'e
-sab
-saba
kysyîeaba／kysyîesaba
-sar
-sara
kysyîeara／kysyîesara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akysyîé (active)
erekysyîé (active)
okysyîé (active)
orokysyîé (active)
îakysyîé (active)
pekysyîé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akysyîé (active)
t'erekysyîé (active)
t'okysyîé (active)
t'orokysyîé (active)
t'îakysyîé (active)
ta pekysyîé (active)
Imperative (active)
ekysyîé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akysyîéî (active)
n'erekysyîéî (active)
n'okysyîéî (active)
n'orokysyîéî (active)
n'îakysyîéî (active)
na pekysyîéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akysyîé umẽ (active)
t'erekysyîé umẽ (active)
t'okysyîé umẽ (active)
t'orokysyîé umẽ (active)
t'îakysyîé umẽ (active)
ta pekysyîé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekysyîé umẽ (active)
pekysyîé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûikysyîébo (gerund)
ekysyîébo (gerund)
okysyîébo (gerund)
orokysyîébo (gerund)
îakysyîébo (gerund)
pekysyîébo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikysyîee'yma (gerund)
ekysyîee'yma (gerund)
okysyîee'yma (gerund)
orokysyîee'yma (gerund)
îakysyîee'yma (gerund)
pekysyîee'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kysyîé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kysyîee'yma (infinitive)
xe kysyîéû (infinitive)
i kysyîéû (infinitive)
oré kysyîéû (infinitive)
îandé kysyîéû (infinitive)
xe kysyîee'ymi (infinitive)
i kysyîee'ymi (infinitive)
oré kysyîee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kysyîee'ymi (infinitive)


yky'yra

yky'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyky'yra, R1 ryky'yra, R2 tyky'yra)

[ɨ.kɨˈʔɨ.ɾa]


eky'yra

eky'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute teky'yra, R1 reky'yra, R2 teky'yra)

[ɛ.kɨˈʔɨ.ɾa]


yke'yra

yke'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyke'yra, R1 ryke'yra, R2 tyke'yra)

[ɨ.kɛˈʔɨ.ɾa]

Guixobo açobaitĩ derequiȷra.

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 89v:

older cousin, son of the father's brother (of a man)

older nephew, son of the brother (of a man)


emonãnamo

therefore, thus, for this reason, in this way


tapy'yîuna

Nheengatu: tapayuna

→ Portuguese: tapanhaúna


tamûatá

Nheengatu: tamuatá

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tamuatá, tamboatá, tambuatá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tamoata.

inh+

armored catfish. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


îakutinga

Nheengatu: yakú-tinga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacutinga
→ English: jacutinga

From îaku (“typical guan”) + ting (“white”) + -a.

af

Pipile jacutinga
Pipile jacutinga#Translingual

(South Tupi) jacutinga (Pipile jacutinga)


e'ẽ

head

e'ẽ (IIa class pluriform, R1 re'ẽ, R2 se'ẽ, noun form e'ẽ)

form e'ẽ (noun)
Causative
moe'ẽ
-ba'e
se'ẽba'e
-sab
-saba
e'ẽsaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe re'ẽ (active)
se'ẽ (active)
oré re'ẽ (active)
îandé re'ẽ (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe re'ẽ (active)
ta nde re'ẽ (active)
ta se'ẽ (active)
t'oré re'ẽ (active)
t'îandé re'ẽ (active)
ta pe re'ẽ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe re'ẽî (active)
na nde re'ẽî (active)
na se'ẽî (active)
n'oré re'ẽî (active)
n'îandé re'ẽî (active)
na pe re'ẽî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde re'ẽ umẽ (active)
pe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta nde re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta se'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'oré re'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'îandé re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta pe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe re'ẽnamo (gerund)
nde re'ẽnamo (gerund)
o e'ẽnamo (gerund)
oré re'ẽnamo (gerund)
îandé re'ẽnamo (gerund)
pe re'ẽnamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
nde re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
o e'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
oré re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
pe re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
e'ẽ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
e'ẽe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe re'ẽû (infinitive)
se'ẽû (infinitive)
oré re'ẽû (infinitive)
îandé re'ẽû (infinitive)
xe re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
se'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
oré re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: seẽ

tasty (having a pleasant or satisfying flavor)

takûare'ẽ

Ig-eẽ.

1622, anonymous author, “Agoa salgada”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 24; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


porabyky

porabyky (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute morabyky)

Nheengatu: murakí


porabyky

porabyky (first-person singular active indicative aporabyky, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aporabykyî, noun porabyky)

aporabyky (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aporabykyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
porabyky (noun)
Causative
momorabyky
Causative-comitative
eroporabyky
-ba'e
oporabykyba'e
-sab
-saba
porabykŷaba／porabykysaba
-sar
-sara
porabykŷara／porabykysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aporabyky (active)
ereporabyky (active)
oporabyky (active)
oroporabyky (active)
îaporabyky (active)
peporabyky (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aporabyky (active)
t'ereporabyky (active)
t'oporabyky (active)
t'oroporabyky (active)
t'îaporabyky (active)
ta peporabyky (active)
Imperative (active)
eporabyky (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aporabykyî (active)
n'ereporabykyî (active)
n'oporabykyî (active)
n'oroporabykyî (active)
n'îaporabykyî (active)
na peporabykyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aporabyky umẽ (active)
t'ereporabyky umẽ (active)
t'oporabyky umẽ (active)
t'oroporabyky umẽ (active)
t'îaporabyky umẽ (active)
ta peporabyky umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eporabyky umẽ (active)
peporabyky umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiporabykŷabo (gerund)
eporabykŷabo (gerund)
oporabykŷabo (gerund)
oroporabykŷabo (gerund)
îaporabykŷabo (gerund)
peporabykŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiporabykye'yma (gerund)
eporabykye'yma (gerund)
oporabykye'yma (gerund)
oroporabykye'yma (gerund)
îaporabykye'yma (gerund)
peporabykye'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
porabyky (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
porabykye'yma (infinitive)
xe porabykyû (infinitive)
i porabykyû (infinitive)
oré porabykyû (infinitive)
îandé porabykyû (infinitive)
xe porabykye'ymi (infinitive)
i porabykye'ymi (infinitive)
oré porabykye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé porabykye'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: purakí

Tàbuçu Roma pupè bià S. Lourenço T. mombeü, cerobiàra recenhé mocaẽ itâ iurâ àribo ceciri T. recê y iucàbo, y moètèbo niapòràbiqui j có àrapupe, amo y nungàra pupe ceõ agoera moetèçàbamo: y ecuacubabèâra y piàçaba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “IVLIVS”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, S. Laurent. mart. G. I. (section 10), page 7:

In the city of Rome, for Saint Lawrence's belief in the announcement of God, they effectively burned him over an iron grill, killing him. Praising him, we don't work on this day, as a way of honoring his death on another day similar to this one. Fasting and obligation day.

to work (to do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers)


motyb

motyb (first-person singular active indicative aîmotyb, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmotybi, noun motyba)

aîmotyb (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmotybi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
motyba (noun)
Causative
motybukar
Reflexive
îemotyb
-ba'e
oîmotyba'e
emi-
emimotyba／mimotyba
-pyr
-pyra
i motybypyra
-sab
-saba
motypaba
-sar
-sara
motypara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmotyb (active)
ereîmotyb (active)
oîmotyb (active)
oroîmotyb (active)
îaîmotyb (active)
peîmotyb (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmotyb (active)
t'ereîmotyb (active)
t'oîmotyb (active)
t'oroîmotyb (active)
t'îaîmotyb (active)
ta peîmotyb (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmotyb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmotybi (active)
n'ereîmotybi (active)
n'oîmotybi (active)
n'oroîmotybi (active)
n'îaîmotybi (active)
na peîmotybi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmotyb umẽ (active)
t'ereîmotyb umẽ (active)
t'oîmotyb umẽ (active)
t'oroîmotyb umẽ (active)
t'îaîmotyb umẽ (active)
ta peîmotyb umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmotyb umẽ (active)
peîmotyb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
motyba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
motybe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe motypa (gerund)
nde motypa (gerund)
i motypa (gerund)
oré motypa (gerund)
îandé motypa (gerund)
pe motypa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe motybe'yma (gerund)
nde motybe'yma (gerund)
i motybe'yma (gerund)
oré motybe'yma (gerund)
îandé motybe'yma (gerund)
pe motybe'yma (gerund)
xe motybi (gerund)
i motybi (gerund)
oré motybi (gerund)
îandé motybi (gerund)
xe motybe'ymi (gerund)
i motybe'ymi (gerund)
oré motybe'ymi (gerund)
îandé motybe'ymi (gerund)

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *mo-
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-
Old Tupi mo-
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨβ
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi tyba
Old Tupi tyb
Old Tupi motyb
Causative of tyb, from mo- (causative prefix) + tyb (“there be”).


'anga

Nheengatu: anga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaŋ (“shadow”).

inh+

Jmboapiaba cuyaba
angae çemimotara,
moraçeya rerobiara
ypia yaiporaca
nomoetei omonhangara

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 67, lines 323–327; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 125:

To empty theyr gourds, shadow is what they really want. The belief in the dance fills their hearts. They don't honor their creator.

shadow (dark image projected onto a surface)

Xenheẽanga.

1622, anonymous author, “Toada da fala pollo Eco”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 129; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Anheang epiac.

1622, anonymous author, “Uer-se como em espelho”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 144; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

reflection (something that is reflected)

Che-encg.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 366:

back (side of any object which is opposite the front)

yanderubete Ieſu
yande recobe meẽgara
oimõboreauçucatu
yãde amotareimbara
anhãga aiba
morapitiara
yãde anga iucaçara

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cãtiga & el ſin Vẽtura” (chapter XXV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 26, column 1, lines 1-7; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 61:

Our true father Jesus, donor of our souls. Our enemy, the devil's wickedness, the slaughterer, the killer of our souls, has aflicted him so much.

(Late Tupi, Christianity) soul (spirit or essence of a person)


beraba

Nheengatu: werawa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *βeraβ (“lightning”).

Near-synonym: endy (“shine from a source of light”)

Otĩ coâtacî ocêma
Nde berâba roba quê
Yacî tatá cuépé ê
Ynhe mimi nde coêma
Ara rorî pábété

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, “Outra em louvor da Virgem”, in Antônio de Araújo, compiler, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 2v:

The sun is rising ashamed before your shine. Far away the stars hide. You are the morning, the day's true reason for happiness

Putunuçu porarabo
oroicotebẽ gatu
Emonanamo ereiu
oreputuna peabo
tupã beraba reru.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Da Conceiſaõ de Noſsa ſãr” (chapter LXII), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 146, column 2, lines 36–40; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 276:

Enduring the great darkness, we are very anguished. Thus, you come to repel our darkness, bringing God's splendor.


araryboîa

→ Portuguese: araramboia

By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + 'yba (“plant”) + mboîa (“snake”), literally “snake of the macaws' plant”. See also araryba. For the b + m(b)/p > b sound change, compare 'ybotyra ('yba + potyra), kuabe'eng (kuab + me'eng), obeba (oba + peba), etc. Compare also cobra-papagaio, one of the Portuguese names for the snake, seemingly a calque.

surface analysis

emerald tree boa (venomous snake from the boid family, which climbs trees and can reach up to 2 meters in length)


erekó

Causative-comitative of ikó, from ero- (causative-comitative voice prefix) + ekó (“to be”). Compare Guaraní reko.


epîakukar

head

epîakukar (first-person singular active indicative asepîakukar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asepîakukari, noun epîakukara)

asepîakukar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asepîakukari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
epîakukara (noun)
Causative-comitative
eroepîakukar
Reflexive
îepîakukar
-ba'e
osepîakukaryba'e
emi-
emiepîakukara／miepîakukara
-pyr
-pyra
sepîakukarypyra
-sab
-saba
epîakukasaba／epîakukaraba
-sar
-sara
epîakukasara／epîakukarara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asepîakukar (active)
eresepîakukar (active)
osepîakukar (active)
orosepîakukar (active)
îasepîakukar (active)
pesepîakukar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asepîakukar (active)
t'eresepîakukar (active)
t'osepîakukar (active)
t'orosepîakukar (active)
t'îasepîakukar (active)
ta pesepîakukar (active)
Imperative (active)
esepîakukar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asepîakukari (active)
n'eresepîakukari (active)
n'osepîakukari (active)
n'orosepîakukari (active)
n'îasepîakukari (active)
na pesepîakukari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asepîakukar umẽ (active)
t'eresepîakukar umẽ (active)
t'osepîakukar umẽ (active)
t'orosepîakukar umẽ (active)
t'îasepîakukar umẽ (active)
ta pesepîakukar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esepîakukar umẽ (active)
pesepîakukar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
epîakukara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
epîakukare'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe repîakuká (gerund)
nde repîakuká (gerund)
sepîakuká (gerund)
oré repîakuká (gerund)
îandé repîakuká (gerund)
pe repîakuká (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe repîakukare'yma (gerund)
nde repîakukare'yma (gerund)
sepîakukare'yma (gerund)
oré repîakukare'yma (gerund)
îandé repîakukare'yma (gerund)
pe repîakukare'yma (gerund)
xe repîakukari (gerund)
sepîakukari (gerund)
oré repîakukari (gerund)
îandé repîakukari (gerund)
xe repîakukare'ymi (gerund)
sepîakukare'ymi (gerund)
oré repîakukare'ymi (gerund)
îandé repîakukare'ymi (gerund)

Causative of epîak, from epîak + ukar. Cognate with Guaraní hechauka.


epîak

epîak (first-person singular active indicative asepîak, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asepîaki, noun epîaka)

asepîak (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asepîaki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
epîaka (noun)
Causative
epîakukar
Causative-comitative
eroepîak
Reflexive
îepîak
-ba'e
osepîakyba'e
emi-
emiepîaka／miepîaka
-pyr
-pyra
sepîakypyra
-sab
-saba
epîakaba
-sar
-sara
epîakara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asepîak (active)
eresepîak (active)
osepîak (active)
orosepîak (active)
îasepîak (active)
pesepîak (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asepîak (active)
t'eresepîak (active)
t'osepîak (active)
t'orosepîak (active)
t'îasepîak (active)
ta pesepîak (active)
Imperative (active)
esepîak (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asepîaki (active)
n'eresepîaki (active)
n'osepîaki (active)
n'orosepîaki (active)
n'îasepîaki (active)
na pesepîaki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asepîak umẽ (active)
t'eresepîak umẽ (active)
t'osepîak umẽ (active)
t'orosepîak umẽ (active)
t'îasepîak umẽ (active)
ta pesepîak umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esepîak umẽ (active)
pesepîak umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
epîaka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
epîake'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe repîaka (gerund)
nde repîaka (gerund)
sepîaka (gerund)
oré repîaka (gerund)
îandé repîaka (gerund)
pe repîaka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe repîake'yma (gerund)
nde repîake'yma (gerund)
sepîake'yma (gerund)
oré repîake'yma (gerund)
îandé repîake'yma (gerund)
pe repîake'yma (gerund)
xe repîaki (gerund)
sepîaki (gerund)
oré repîaki (gerund)
îandé repîaki (gerund)
xe repîake'ymi (gerund)
sepîake'ymi (gerund)
oré repîake'ymi (gerund)
îandé repîake'ymi (gerund)


kyseapara

Nheengatu: kisé-apara

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *kɨt͡ʃe
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨt͡ʃe
Old Tupi kysé
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *apar
Old Tupi apar
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi kyseapara
From kysé (“knife”) + apar (“bent”) + -a.

etymon

Dereroupé xeapare amon?

1613–1614, Yves d'Évreux, chapter L, in Suitte de l'histoire des choses plus memorables advenues en Maragnan es années 1613 et 1614 (overall work in French), Paris: François Huby, published 1615, page 224:


pu'am

head

pu'am (first-person singular active indicative apu'am, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apu'ami, noun pu'ama)

apu'am (active first-person indicative singular)
n'apu'ami (active first-person indicative negative singular)
pu'ama (noun)
Causative
mopu'am
Causative-comitative
eropu'am
-ba'e
opu'amyba'e
-sab
-saba
pu'ambaba
-sar
-sara
pu'ambara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apu'am (active)
erepu'am (active)
opu'am (active)
oropu'am (active)
îapu'am (active)
pepu'am (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apu'am (active)
t'erepu'am (active)
t'opu'am (active)
t'oropu'am (active)
t'îapu'am (active)
ta pepu'am (active)
Imperative (active)
epu'am (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'apu'ami (active)
n'erepu'ami (active)
n'opu'ami (active)
n'oropu'ami (active)
n'îapu'ami (active)
na pepu'ami (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apu'am umẽ (active)
t'erepu'am umẽ (active)
t'opu'am umẽ (active)
t'oropu'am umẽ (active)
t'îapu'am umẽ (active)
ta pepu'am umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epu'am umẽ (active)
pepu'am umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûipu'ama (gerund)
epu'ama (gerund)
opu'ama (gerund)
oropu'ama (gerund)
îapu'ama (gerund)
pepu'ama (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûipu'ame'yma (gerund)
epu'ame'yma (gerund)
opu'ame'yma (gerund)
oropu'ame'yma (gerund)
îapu'ame'yma (gerund)
pepu'ame'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pu'ama (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pu'ame'yma (infinitive)
xe pu'ami (infinitive)
i pu'ami (infinitive)
oré pu'ami (infinitive)
îandé pu'ami (infinitive)
xe pu'ame'ymi (infinitive)
i pu'ame'ymi (infinitive)
oré pu'ame'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pu'ame'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: puãmu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *puʔam.

etymon

to stand (to support oneself on the feet in an erect position)

to stand up (to rise from a lying or sitting position)


angaîpaba

Nheengatu: angaipawa

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaŋ
Old Tupi 'anga
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aiβ
Old Tupi aíb
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi aíba
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ
Old Tupi -sab
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi angaîpaba
From 'anga (“soul”) + aíba (“wickedness”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a. Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century.

af

sin (violation of divine will or religious law)


aíba

Nheengatu: aíwa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aíva

wickedness (state of being wicked; evil disposition)

roughness (property of being rough; not smooth)


aíb

form aíba (noun)
Causative
moaíb
-ba'e
i aiba'e／i aibyba'e
-sab
-saba
aipaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe aíb (active)
i aíb (active)
oré aíb (active)
îandé aíb (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe aíb (active)
ta nde aíb (active)
t'i aíb (active)
t'oré aíb (active)
t'îandé aíb (active)
ta pe aíb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe aíbi (active)
na nde aíbi (active)
n'i aíbi (active)
n'oré aíbi (active)
n'îandé aíbi (active)
na pe aíbi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde aíb umẽ (active)
pe aíb umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe aíb umẽ (active)
ta nde aíb umẽ (active)
t'i aíb umẽ (active)
t'oré aíb umẽ (active)
t'îandé aíb umẽ (active)
ta pe aíb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe aíbamo (gerund)
nde aíbamo (gerund)
o aíbamo (gerund)
oré aíbamo (gerund)
îandé aíbamo (gerund)
pe aíbamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe aibe'ymamo (gerund)
nde aibe'ymamo (gerund)
o aibe'ymamo (gerund)
oré aibe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé aibe'ymamo (gerund)
pe aibe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
aíba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
aibe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe aíbi (infinitive)
i aíbi (infinitive)
oré aíbi (infinitive)
îandé aíbi (infinitive)
xe aibe'ymi (infinitive)
i aibe'ymi (infinitive)
oré aibe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé aibe'ymi (infinitive)

rough (approximate; hasty or careless; not finished)

impassable (incapable of being passed over)

old (having existed for a relatively long period of time)

worn (damaged and shabby as a result of much use)


pindobusu

(hapax) palm tree leaves used as roofing


inaîá

Nheengatu: inayá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: inajá, anajá, anaiá, najá
→ English: inajá


ukar

head

ukar (first-person singular active indicative aîukar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukari, noun ukara)

aîukar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîukari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
ukara (noun)
Causative-comitative
eroukar
Reflexive
îeukar
-ba'e
oîukaryba'e
emi-
emiukara／miukara
-pyr
-pyra
i ukarypyra
-sab
-saba
ukasaba／ukaraba
-sar
-sara
ukasara／ukarara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîukar (active)
ereîukar (active)
oîukar (active)
oroîukar (active)
îaîukar (active)
peîukar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîukar (active)
t'ereîukar (active)
t'oîukar (active)
t'oroîukar (active)
t'îaîukar (active)
ta peîukar (active)
Imperative (active)
eîukar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîukari (active)
n'ereîukari (active)
n'oîukari (active)
n'oroîukari (active)
n'îaîukari (active)
na peîukari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîukar umẽ (active)
t'ereîukar umẽ (active)
t'oîukar umẽ (active)
t'oroîukar umẽ (active)
t'îaîukar umẽ (active)
ta peîukar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîukar umẽ (active)
peîukar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ukara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ukare'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe uká (gerund)
nde uká (gerund)
i uká (gerund)
oré uká (gerund)
îandé uká (gerund)
pe uká (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ukare'yma (gerund)
nde ukare'yma (gerund)
i ukare'yma (gerund)
oré ukare'yma (gerund)
îandé ukare'yma (gerund)
pe ukare'yma (gerund)
xe ukari (gerund)
i ukari (gerund)
oré ukari (gerund)
îandé ukari (gerund)
xe ukare'ymi (gerund)
i ukare'ymi (gerund)
oré ukare'ymi (gerund)
îandé ukare'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: kari

Coordinate term: (with intransitive verbs) mo-

forms causative verbs from transitive verbs


inaîagûasu

From inaîá (“inajá”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Ymoçapira, Anhanga mocequiyâba ymonhegoâcébába:aypô tecô poranga recé acecerecou ocotipe, aépe ymoyâcecóbo, igoaburû, coipo inayagoáçû apepoéra amô pupé ynhangirê, oque yanondé, coipo opac-îre y pupé o ye igpij yanonde, y yarôc-etê rupî-be amoaé çapixára reraçôbono.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter I, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, Effeitos da agoa Benta, pages 173–174:

The third of them is a way of frightening the Devil, to make it run away. For this beatiful procedure people keep [the holy water] in their own room, pouring it inside vessel or some dried coconut shell and hanging in there before their sleep or sprinkling themselves after they wake up, bringing some more similar to it as soon as too much has been used up.

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


agûapé

Nheengatu: awapé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aguapé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awape.

inh+

common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)


potyrõ

head

potyrõ (first-person singular active indicative apotyrõ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apotyrõî, noun potyrõ)

apotyrõ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'apotyrõî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
potyrõ (noun)
Causative
mopotyrõ
Causative-comitative
eropotyrõ
-ba'e
opotyrõba'e
-sab
-saba
potyrõsaba
-sar
-sara
potyrõana／potyrõsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apotyrõ (active)
erepotyrõ (active)
opotyrõ (active)
oropotyrõ (active)
îapotyrõ (active)
pepotyrõ (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apotyrõ (active)
t'erepotyrõ (active)
t'opotyrõ (active)
t'oropotyrõ (active)
t'îapotyrõ (active)
ta pepotyrõ (active)
Imperative (active)
epotyrõ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'apotyrõî (active)
n'erepotyrõî (active)
n'opotyrõî (active)
n'oropotyrõî (active)
n'îapotyrõî (active)
na pepotyrõî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apotyrõ umẽ (active)
t'erepotyrõ umẽ (active)
t'opotyrõ umẽ (active)
t'oropotyrõ umẽ (active)
t'îapotyrõ umẽ (active)
ta pepotyrõ umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epotyrõ umẽ (active)
pepotyrõ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûipotyrõmo (gerund)
epotyrõmo (gerund)
opotyrõmo (gerund)
oropotyrõmo (gerund)
îapotyrõmo (gerund)
pepotyrõmo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûipotyrõe'yma (gerund)
epotyrõe'yma (gerund)
opotyrõe'yma (gerund)
oropotyrõe'yma (gerund)
îapotyrõe'yma (gerund)
pepotyrõe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
potyrõ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
potyrõe'yma (infinitive)
xe potyrõû (infinitive)
i potyrõû (infinitive)
oré potyrõû (infinitive)
îandé potyrõû (infinitive)
xe potyrõe'ymi (infinitive)
i potyrõe'ymi (infinitive)
oré potyrõe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé potyrõe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: putirũ

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mutirão


inaîagûasu'yba

From inaîagûasu (“coconut”) + 'yba (“tree”).

(Late Tupi) coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)


pinim

form pinima (noun)
Causative
mopínim
-ba'e
i pinimyba'e
-sab
-saba
pinimbaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pinim (active)
i pinim (active)
oré pinim (active)
îandé pinim (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pinim (active)
ta nde pinim (active)
t'i pinim (active)
t'oré pinim (active)
t'îandé pinim (active)
ta pe pinim (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pinimi (active)
na nde pinimi (active)
n'i pinimi (active)
n'oré pinimi (active)
n'îandé pinimi (active)
na pe pinimi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pinim umẽ (active)
pe pinim umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pinim umẽ (active)
ta nde pinim umẽ (active)
t'i pinim umẽ (active)
t'oré pinim umẽ (active)
t'îandé pinim umẽ (active)
ta pe pinim umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pinimamo (gerund)
nde pinimamo (gerund)
o pinimamo (gerund)
oré pinimamo (gerund)
îandé pinimamo (gerund)
pe pinimamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pinime'ymamo (gerund)
nde pinime'ymamo (gerund)
o pinime'ymamo (gerund)
oré pinime'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pinime'ymamo (gerund)
pe pinime'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pinima (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pinime'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pinimi (infinitive)
i pinimi (infinitive)
oré pinimi (infinitive)
îandé pinimi (infinitive)
xe pinime'ymi (infinitive)
i pinime'ymi (infinitive)
oré pinime'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pinime'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pinim.


pitaûã

Nheengatu: pitawã

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanguá
→ English: pitangua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtawari.

etymon

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

boat-billed flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua)


pinima

head

pinima (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute minima)

Nheengatu: pinima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pinima

Tobapinĩma.

1622, anonymous author, “Sardas do rosto”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 113; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

spot (round or irregular patch on the surface of a thing)


pitangûagûasu

Nheengatu: pitawãwasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanguá-açu


kuruba

Nheengatu: kuruba

→ Brazilian Portuguese: curuba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuruβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Tobâ curuba.

1622, anonymous author, “Espinha carnal do rosto”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 126; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

pimple (inflamed spot on the surface of the skin)

wart (type of deformed growth occurring on the skin)


seîxuîurá

seî‧xu‧îu‧rá

From seîxu (“Pleiades”) + îurá (“grill”), literally “grill of the Pleiades”.

af

(astronomy) Name of a constellation with nine stars arranged like a grill, which, according to the indigenous people, announced the rain. Further details are uncertain.


Tuîba'e

(astronomy) Name of a constellation with many stars arranged like an old man holding a club. Further details are uncertain.


Ûanhumy

(astronomy) Name of a constellation. Further details are uncertain.


sembiararaîybo'ira

From sembiara (“[one's] prey”) + raîyra (“[someone's] daughter”) + po'yra (“necklace”), literally “necklace of one's prey's daughter”.

(astronomy) Name of a constellation which, according to the indigenous people, announced the rain. Further details are uncertain.


kariîó

→ Brazilian Portuguese: carijó

* IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: [ka.ɾiˈjɔ], [ka.ɾiˈʒɔ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ri‧îó

(now historical, South Tupi) an indigenous people that lived in South Brazil


murukuîá

Nheengatu: murukuyá

→ Portuguese: maracujá (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *murukuja.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mburukuja.

etymon

passionflower (any plant in the genus Passiflora)

passion fruit (edible fruit of the passionflower)