naná

Nheengatu: naná

desctree

→ Portuguese: ananás, ananá, anana, naná, nanás
→ Bengali: আনারস (anaroś)
→ Catalan: ananàs
→ German: Ananas
→ Greek: ανανάς (ananás)
→ Gujarati: અનનાસ (ananās)
→ Hindi: अनन्नास (anannās)
→ Marathi: अननस (annas)
→ Spanish: ananás (see there for further descendants)
→ Swahili: nanasi
→ Tamil: அன்னாசி (aṉṉāci)
→ Tetum: ananás

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *nanã.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní anana.

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae


supé

Morubixabetá supé penhe'eng.


ixé

head

ixé (1st class, 1st person singular, dative ixébe／ixébo, 2nd class equivalent xe)

Nheengatu: ixé (“I, me”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *it͡ʃe (“I, me”).
cognates
* Amondawa ihe
* Kamayurá ije
* Manus Koro jihi
* Tapirapé ie
* Tembé ihe
* Tenharim ihi
* Wayampi ie
* Xingú Asuriní idže

inh+

Ixé oroîuká.


tyk

Tyk oro'é.

We are many. (literally, “We make a "tyk" sound.”)

(used with the verb e) to be many (literally, “to make a "tyk" sound”)


itá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ita, from Proto-Tupian *wɨca.
Cognate with Guaraní ita.

(Late Tupi) chains; shackles (restraint fit over a human or animal appendage)


itá

Nheengatu: itá

Kysé xe itá pupé aîmonhang.

stone, when refering to pieces used to make tools


oro-

Ixé oroaûsub.

(with 1st person subject) objective of endé


oro-

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oro-, from Proto-Tupian *orʲo-.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní oro-.

Nde orosaûsub.

exclusive first-person plural agent verbal prefix; we


panama

>? Portuguese: panapaná, panapanã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *panam, from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní panambi.


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.

Amó kunhã suí i mo-ingó-é-bo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, Poesias tupis, São Paulo, published 1941:

He made a woman different from any other.

woman, especially an indigenous woman from the Americas


urubu

Nheengatu: urubú

desctree

→ Portuguese: urubu
→ Catalan: urubú
→ English: urubu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβu, from Proto-Tupian *urupˀu.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé uruwu and Guaraní yryvu.

inh+

New World vulture (any vulture in the family Cathartidae)


'am

head

'am (first-person singular active indicative a'am, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'ami, noun 'ama)

a'am (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'ami (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'ama (noun)
Causative
mo'am
Causative-comitative
ero'am
-ba'e
o'amyba'e
-sab
-saba
'ambaba
-sar
-sara
'ambara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
a'am (active)
ere'am (active)
o'am (active)
oro'am (active)
îa'am (active)
pe'am (active)
Permissive (active)
t'a'am (active)
t'ere'am (active)
t'o'am (active)
t'oro'am (active)
t'îa'am (active)
ta pe'am (active)
Imperative (active)
e'am (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'a'ami (active)
n'ere'ami (active)
n'o'ami (active)
n'oro'ami (active)
n'îa'ami (active)
na pe'ami (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'a'am umẽ (active)
t'ere'am umẽ (active)
t'o'am umẽ (active)
t'oro'am umẽ (active)
t'îa'am umẽ (active)
ta pe'am umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
e'am umẽ (active)
pe'am umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûi'ama (gerund)
e'ama (gerund)
o'ama (gerund)
oro'ama (gerund)
îa'ama (gerund)
pe'ama (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûi'ame'yma (gerund)
e'ame'yma (gerund)
o'ame'yma (gerund)
oro'ame'yma (gerund)
îa'ame'yma (gerund)
pe'ame'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
'ama (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
'ame'yma (infinitive)
xe 'ami (infinitive)
i 'ami (infinitive)
oré 'ami (infinitive)
îandé 'ami (infinitive)
xe 'ame'ymi (infinitive)
i 'ame'ymi (infinitive)
oré 'ame'ymi (infinitive)
îandé 'ame'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔam, from Proto-Tupian *ʔam.

etymon

to stand (to support oneself on the feet in an erect position)


'u

head

'u (first-person singular active indicative a'u, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'uî, noun 'u)

a'u (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'uî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'u (noun)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔu (“to eat”), from Proto-Tupian *kʔu (“to speak”).

inh+

Near-synonym: karu (“to eat”, intransitive)

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

to ingest (to take a substance into the body)


rory

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


akanga

Nheengatu: akanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *a-kaŋ. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + kanga (“bone”).


asy

head

asy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rasy, R2 sasy, noun form asy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tat͡sɨ (“to hurt, pain”), from Proto-Tupian *(j)atɨ (“to hurt, pain”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní axy.


asy

head

asy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tasy, R1 rasy, R2 sasy)

Na sasyî


sapé

→ Portuguese: sapé, sapê

satintail (any grass in the genus Imperata)


peba

peba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbeba)

Nheengatu: pewa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: peba

flattening (act or the result of making something flat)


ka'a

Nheengatu: kaá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔa (“forest, leaf”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ka'a and Guaraní ka'a.

inh+

woods; forest (dense collection of trees)

branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk)

leaf (green, flat organ of most vegetative plants)


oby

head

oby (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute toby, R1 roby, R2 soby)


oby

oby (IIa class pluriform, R1 roby, R2 soby, noun form oby)

form oby (noun)
Causative
mooby
-ba'e
sobyba'e
-sab
-saba
obŷaba／obysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe roby (active)
soby (active)
oré roby (active)
îandé roby (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe roby (active)
ta nde roby (active)
ta soby (active)
t'oré roby (active)
t'îandé roby (active)
ta pe roby (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe robyî (active)
na nde robyî (active)
na sobyî (active)
n'oré robyî (active)
n'îandé robyî (active)
na pe robyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde roby umẽ (active)
pe roby umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe roby umẽ (active)
ta nde roby umẽ (active)
ta soby umẽ (active)
t'oré roby umẽ (active)
t'îandé roby umẽ (active)
ta pe roby umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe robyramo (gerund)
nde robyramo (gerund)
o obyramo (gerund)
oré robyramo (gerund)
îandé robyramo (gerund)
pe robyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe robye'ymamo (gerund)
nde robye'ymamo (gerund)
o obye'ymamo (gerund)
oré robye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé robye'ymamo (gerund)
pe robye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
oby (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
obye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe robyû (infinitive)
sobyû (infinitive)
oré robyû (infinitive)
îandé robyû (infinitive)
xe robye'ymi (infinitive)
sobye'ymi (infinitive)
oré robye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé robye'ymi (infinitive)


potar

potar (first-person singular active indicative aîpotar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîpotari, noun potara)

aîpotar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîpotari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
potara (noun)
Causative
potarukar
Causative-comitative
eropotar
Reflexive
îepotar
-ba'e
oîpotaryba'e
emi-
emimotara／mimotara
-pyr
-pyra
i potarypyra
-sab
-saba
potasaba／potaraba
-sar
-sara
potasara／potarara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîpotar (active)
ereîpotar (active)
oîpotar (active)
oroîpotar (active)
îaîpotar (active)
peîpotar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîpotar (active)
t'ereîpotar (active)
t'oîpotar (active)
t'oroîpotar (active)
t'îaîpotar (active)
ta peîpotar (active)
Imperative (active)
eîpotar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîpotari (active)
n'ereîpotari (active)
n'oîpotari (active)
n'oroîpotari (active)
n'îaîpotari (active)
na peîpotari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîpotar umẽ (active)
t'ereîpotar umẽ (active)
t'oîpotar umẽ (active)
t'oroîpotar umẽ (active)
t'îaîpotar umẽ (active)
ta peîpotar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîpotar umẽ (active)
peîpotar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
potara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
potare'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe potá (gerund)
nde potá (gerund)
i potá (gerund)
oré potá (gerund)
îandé potá (gerund)
pe potá (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe potare'yma (gerund)
nde potare'yma (gerund)
i potare'yma (gerund)
oré potare'yma (gerund)
îandé potare'yma (gerund)
pe potare'yma (gerund)
xe potari (gerund)
i potari (gerund)
oré potari (gerund)
îandé potari (gerund)
xe potare'ymi (gerund)
i potare'ymi (gerund)
oré potare'ymi (gerund)
îandé potare'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: putari

to desire (to want emotionally or sexually)

to tend (to be likely to do something or have a certain habit)


anama

Nheengatu: anama

people; nation (community of people with a common culture)


anama

Nheengatu: anama


matamatá

Nheengatu: matamatá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: matamatá

(North Tupi, hapax) matamata (Chelus fimbriata)


irara

Nheengatu: irara

→ Portuguese: irara


pereba

pereba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mereba)

Nheengatu: perewa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pereba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pereβ, from Proto-Tupian *perep.

inh+

Near-synonyms: kutukagûera, pora


pupuka

head

pupuka (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mupuka)

Y pupucbae, coipo oquêra pupe o pupucoera moripa, ycatupenhe temomoã, o pacagoeri pe, eybae.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 72:

Are you a self-polluter or took delight in your pollution during your sleep, saying "How I wish she was naked!" when you woke up?


îuru

Deierou peignote moan erereco [sic].

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, Histoire de la mission des pères capucins en l’isle de Maragnan et terres circonvoisines, Paris, page 350:

You only have that in your mouth (not in practice).


ybytu

Nheengatu: iwitú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨ-βɨtu, from Proto-Tupian *pɨt͡sʲu. Doublet of pytu.
Cognate with Guaraní yvytu.


mbó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mbo, from Proto-Tupian *mbo.


îandé

head

îandé (1st class, 1st person plural inclusive, dative îandébe／îandébo)


kûarasy

Nheengatu: kuarasi, kwarasi

→ Portuguese: Guaraci

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷarat͡sɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgəat. Doublet of kûara. By surface analysis, kó (“this”) + 'ara (“day”) + sy (“mother”), literally “the mother, origin of this day”.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kuarahy.


ybyrá

Nheengatu: mirá

→ Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr. The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

cog

Igbigraîpigpeain

1622, anonymous author, “Pe, pello grosso da aruore, masto, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 68; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

[…]Aybyrá áb[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi nao ſignificão; mas juntas a outras partes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79:

Ainupã xerayra ybyrà pupè[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 67v:

Îandé 'anga raûsupape
ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
îandé repyme'engape,
anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
îandé raûsupa,
îandé rarõmo
îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:

Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.


aîó

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aió

saddlebag (pouch laid across the back of a horse)

pocket (bag stitched to an item of clothing)


pirá

Nheengatu: pirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira.
Cognate with Guaraní pira.


gûyrá

Nheengatu: wirá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: uirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨra.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní guyra.

[…]ouyratin oour chèuè[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “De la mort de trois Indiens Topinamba qui eſtoient venus en France” (chapter LVII), in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 353:


potyra

head

potyra (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute motyra)

Nheengatu: putira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *potɨr, from Proto-Tupian *potˀɨt.
Cognate with Awetí potɨt, Mbyá Guaraní poty and Sateré-Mawé pohɨt.


esá

head

esá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tesá, R1 resá, R2 sesá)

Nheengatu: esá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tsetsa, from Proto-Tupian *(e-)t͡sa.
Cognate with Guaraní tesa.


esá

head

esá (IIa class pluriform, R1 resá, R2 sesá, noun form esá)

Kunumĩ sesating


mboîa

Nheengatu: buya

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *moj, from Proto-Tupian *moj.

etymon

Eua yandeci ipi / onhemomotarete / ibaporanga rece / boya nhe enga rupi / y ijquiebo, ygoabonhe

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 147v, lines 1–5; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 279:

Eve, our first mother, was much attracted by the beautiful fruit, after the snake’s words, and indeed picking it, and eating it.


kamby

Nheengatu: kambí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kamɨ. By surface analysis, kama (“breast”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Guaraní kamby.

surf

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands)


mirĩ

form mirĩ (noun)
Causative
momirĩ
-ba'e
i mirĩba'e
-sab
-saba
mirĩsaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe mirĩ (active)
i mirĩ (active)
oré mirĩ (active)
îandé mirĩ (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe mirĩ (active)
ta nde mirĩ (active)
t'i mirĩ (active)
t'oré mirĩ (active)
t'îandé mirĩ (active)
ta pe mirĩ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe mirĩ (active)
na nde mirĩ (active)
n'i mirĩ (active)
n'oré mirĩ (active)
n'îandé mirĩ (active)
na pe mirĩ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde mirĩ umẽ (active)
pe mirĩ umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe mirĩ umẽ (active)
ta nde mirĩ umẽ (active)
t'i mirĩ umẽ (active)
t'oré mirĩ umẽ (active)
t'îandé mirĩ umẽ (active)
ta pe mirĩ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mirĩnamo (gerund)
nde mirĩnamo (gerund)
o mirĩnamo (gerund)
oré mirĩnamo (gerund)
îandé mirĩnamo (gerund)
pe mirĩnamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
nde mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
o mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
oré mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
pe mirĩe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mirĩ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mirĩe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe mirĩû (infinitive)
i mirĩû (infinitive)
oré mirĩû (infinitive)
îandé mirĩû (infinitive)
xe mirĩe'ymi (infinitive)
i mirĩe'ymi (infinitive)
oré mirĩe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé mirĩe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: mirí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mirim


akuti

Nheengatu: akutí

→ French: agouti, acouchi

desctree

→? Dutch: agoeti
Afrikaans: agoeti
→ Sranan Tongo: aguti

→ English: agouti, acouchi, acouchy

→ Italian: aguti

→? Russian: агути (aguti)

desc

→ Portuguese: cutia (with regular loss of word-initial /a/), aguti, aguchi, acouti, acuti


abá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aβa.
Cognate with Guaraní ava.

man (human, a person regardless of gender or sex)

Abá peró supé onhe'eng.

The Indigenous folks talked to the Portuguese.

— Abá ra'yrape ûĩ?!
— Sé! Abá ra'yra, ipó...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 48; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Whose sons are these?!
— No idea! Sons of Indigenous people, definitely...


abá

Ké abá rekóû anhẽ.

N'opytáî amõ abá maranápe.

There was no one left at the battlefield.


abá

Abápe nde?


pysã

head

pysã (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mysã)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨt͡ʃã, from Proto-Tupian *pɨt͡ʃˀã.
Cognate with Guaraní pysã.


marakaîá

Nheengatu: marakayá

→ Portuguese: maracajá, ⇒ gato-maracajá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakaja.
Cognate with Guaraní mbarakaja.

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus wiedii#Translingual

small spotted cat of the genus Leopardus. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

Leopardus tigrinus
Leopardus tigrinus#Translingual

Mara-pé perouagérrè-rèrè?
Margaiat[…]

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XIX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 354:

— What are your enemies' names?
— Maracajá […]

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

(now historical) Maracajá, an indigenous people enemy to the Tupinambá


nhandu

→ Portuguese: nandu, nhandu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *janu.

Rhea americana
Rhea americana#Translingual


nhandu

→ Portuguese: nhandu


morubixaba

Nheengatu: muruixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: morubixaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, moro- (“people”) + ubixaba (“leader”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mboruvixa and Paraguayan Guaraní mburuvicha.

surf

Bourouuichaue de akan omano?

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter LII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 327v:

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)

(Late Tupi) judge (public judicial official)

(Late Tupi) superior (person of higher rank)


endé

head

endé (1st class, 2nd person singular, dative endébe／endébo, 2nd class equivalent nde)

Nheengatu: indé (“you”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *en-e (“you”), from Proto-Tupian *en (“you”).


îuká

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juka. By surface analysis, îura (“neck”) + ká (“to break”).
Cognate with Guaraní juka.


îuká

head

îuká (first-person singular active indicative aîuká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukáî, noun îuká)

aîuká (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîukáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îuká (noun)
Causative
îukaukar
Causative-comitative
eroîuká
Reflexive
îeîuká
-ba'e
oîukaba'e
emi-
emiîuká／miîuká
-pyr
-pyra
i îukapyra
-sab
-saba
îukasaba
-sar
-sara
îukasara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîuká (active)
ereîuká (active)
oîuká (active)
oroîuká (active)
îaîuká (active)
peîuká (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîuká (active)
t'ereîuká (active)
t'oîuká (active)
t'oroîuká (active)
t'îaîuká (active)
ta peîuká (active)
Imperative (active)
eîuká (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîukáî (active)
n'ereîukáî (active)
n'oîukáî (active)
n'oroîukáî (active)
n'îaîukáî (active)
na peîukáî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîuká umẽ (active)
t'ereîuká umẽ (active)
t'oîuká umẽ (active)
t'oroîuká umẽ (active)
t'îaîuká umẽ (active)
ta peîuká umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîuká umẽ (active)
peîuká umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îuká (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îukae'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe îukábo (gerund)
nde îukábo (gerund)
i îukábo (gerund)
oré îukábo (gerund)
îandé îukábo (gerund)
pe îukábo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe îukae'yma (gerund)
nde îukae'yma (gerund)
i îukae'yma (gerund)
oré îukae'yma (gerund)
îandé îukae'yma (gerund)
pe îukae'yma (gerund)
xe îukáû (gerund)
i îukáû (gerund)
oré îukáû (gerund)
îandé îukáû (gerund)
xe îukae'ymi (gerund)
i îukae'ymi (gerund)
oré îukae'ymi (gerund)
îandé îukae'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: iuká

→ Portuguese: jucá

Aporojucâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Matar como quer”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 33; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

De kange Juca eypota kurine[…]

1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:


kururu

Nheengatu: kururú

Portuguese: → cururu, ⇒ sapo-cururu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kururu.
Cognate with Guaraní kururu.

etymon

Rhinella marina
Rhinella marina#Translingual

true toad. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica? / Andira ruâpee. / Panama, coipo guaiquica? / enero, cururu açica? / eri, carigueya e. / Ejori / baenẽ baepoxi / bora, miaratacaca / ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij / auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled toad? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 266: “cururús [kururu]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 253v: “Courourou [Kururu]”

anonymous author (1622) “Sapo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 113: “Cururu [Kururu]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Medicina Brasiliensi, book 3, chapter 1 (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 46: “Cururu [Kururu]”


a'e

head

a'e (1st class, 3rd person singular and plural, dative i xupé, possessive i, reflexive possessive o)

i xupé (dative)
i (possessive)
o (possessive reflexive)

desc

Nheengatu: aé (“he, she, it”), ⇒ aintá (“they”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aʔe (“he”).
Cognate with Guaraní ha’e.


a'e

Aimb. — Aepe que amboae?
ſarau. — Caraibebe çerã
co taba raroanete.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 66, lines 276-278; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 123:

Aîmbiré: What about the other one here?
Sarauaîa: Perhaps it's the true guardian angel of this village.


îakaré

Nheengatu: yakaré

desctree

→ Portuguese: jacaré
→ English: yacare
→ Galician: jacaré
→ Hunsrik: Schakaree

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jakare.
Cognate with Guaraní jakare, Tembé zakare and Tocantins Asurini and Xingú Asuriní sakare.

cog

Îakaré 'y suí osem.

caiman (any crocodilian of the subfamily Caimaninae)


akaîu

Nheengatu: akayú

desctree

→ French: acajou
→ English: cashew, acajou

→ Portuguese: caju, acaju
→ Gujarati: કાજુ (kāju)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: काजू (kājū)
Urdu: کاجُو (kājū)
→ Konkani: काजू (kājū)
→ Marathi: काजू (kājū)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਜੂ (kājū)
Shahmukhi script: کاجُو (kājū)
→ Spanish: cajú
→ Hunsrik: akaschu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akaju.

etymon

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

(hapax) cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale)

29.p. Nde agoâçape coîr?
30.p. Mbobîpe Iaci canhémi, coipô acajú ajubamo cecè nderecoreme meme?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 104v:

29th question: Where you adulterous today?
30th question: How many times did the moon go down and the cashews ripe with this same condition?

Acajuig[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Uinho de uuas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 146; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 262.jpg

cashew apple (accessory fruit of Anacardium occidentale)

(broadly) any tree in the genus Anacardium and their fruit


nhe'eng

head

nhe'eng (first-person singular active indicative anhe'eng, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhe'engi, noun nhe'enga)

anhe'eng (active first-person indicative singular)
n'anhe'engi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
nhe'enga (noun)
Causative
monhe'eng
Causative-comitative
eronhe'eng
-ba'e
onhe'engyba'e
-sab
-saba
nhe'engaba
-sar
-sara
nhe'engara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
anhe'eng (active)
erenhe'eng (active)
onhe'eng (active)
oronhe'eng (active)
îanhe'eng (active)
penhe'eng (active)
Permissive (active)
t'anhe'eng (active)
t'erenhe'eng (active)
t'onhe'eng (active)
t'oronhe'eng (active)
t'îanhe'eng (active)
ta penhe'eng (active)
Imperative (active)
enhe'eng (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'anhe'engi (active)
n'erenhe'engi (active)
n'onhe'engi (active)
n'oronhe'engi (active)
n'îanhe'engi (active)
na penhe'engi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'anhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'erenhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'onhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'oronhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'îanhe'eng umẽ (active)
ta penhe'eng umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
enhe'eng umẽ (active)
penhe'eng umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûinhe'enga (gerund)
enhe'enga (gerund)
onhe'enga (gerund)
oronhe'enga (gerund)
îanhe'enga (gerund)
penhe'enga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûinhe'enge'yma (gerund)
enhe'enge'yma (gerund)
onhe'enge'yma (gerund)
oronhe'enge'yma (gerund)
îanhe'enge'yma (gerund)
penhe'enge'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nhe'enga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
nhe'enge'yma (infinitive)
xe nhe'engi (infinitive)
i nhe'engi (infinitive)
oré nhe'engi (infinitive)
îandé nhe'engi (infinitive)
xe nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
i nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
oré nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: nheẽ

→? Portuguese: nhenhenhém, nhe-nhe-nhem

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ, from Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ñe'ẽ.

etymon

Peró supé oronhe'eng.

to speak; to talk [with supé ‘to someone’]

to answer; to reply [with supé ‘to someone’]

to have an issue, matter [with supé ‘with someone’]

to salute; to greet [with supé ‘to someone’]

to intercede (to plead on someone else's behalf) [with esé ‘for someone’]


nhe'eng

form nhe'enga (noun)
Causative
monhe'eng
-ba'e
i nhe'engyba'e
-sab
-saba
nhe'engaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe nhe'eng (active)
i nhe'eng (active)
oré nhe'eng (active)
îandé nhe'eng (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe nhe'eng (active)
ta nde nhe'eng (active)
t'i nhe'eng (active)
t'oré nhe'eng (active)
t'îandé nhe'eng (active)
ta pe nhe'eng (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe nhe'engi (active)
na nde nhe'engi (active)
n'i nhe'engi (active)
n'oré nhe'engi (active)
n'îandé nhe'engi (active)
na pe nhe'engi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde nhe'eng umẽ (active)
pe nhe'eng umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe nhe'eng umẽ (active)
ta nde nhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'i nhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'oré nhe'eng umẽ (active)
t'îandé nhe'eng umẽ (active)
ta pe nhe'eng umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe nhe'engamo (gerund)
nde nhe'engamo (gerund)
o nhe'engamo (gerund)
oré nhe'engamo (gerund)
îandé nhe'engamo (gerund)
pe nhe'engamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
nde nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
o nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
oré nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
îandé nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
pe nhe'enge'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nhe'enga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
nhe'enge'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe nhe'engi (infinitive)
i nhe'engi (infinitive)
oré nhe'engi (infinitive)
îandé nhe'engi (infinitive)
xe nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
i nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
oré nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé nhe'enge'ymi (infinitive)

Back-formation from nhe'enga (“speech”).


membyra

Nheengatu: mimbira

/mɛ̃ˈᵐbɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mẽmbyT, from Proto-Tupian *mẽpyT. By surface analysis, mena (“husband”) + a'yra (“semen”).
Cognate with Guaraní memby.


aoba

Unknown.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní ao.

sail (piece of fabric attached to a sailboat)


piranga

head

piranga (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute miranga)

Nheengatu: piranga


pi'poka

Portuguese: pipoca


ybaka

Nheengatu: iwaka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβa-k (“sky”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷa- (“high”). Doublet of ybaté. The sense of heaven is a semantic loan from Portuguese céu.
Cognate with Guaraní yvága.


apekũ

→ Portuguese: apecum

transition area between mangal and dry land


nambi

Nheengatu: nambí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: nambi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *nami.
Cognate with Guaraní nambi.

S. Pedro y tãgapema ocequij morubixàba rembiauçuba Malco ceribaè ra pixapa, ynambi mondôra

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Paſſo da Prizão.” (chapter III), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 54b:

Saint Peter drew his sword, striking a servant of the high priest called Malchus, cutting off his ear.

ear; auricle (external part of the organ of hearing)

handle (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


ybaté

Nheengatu: iwaté (“height”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβa-te (“high”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷa- (“high”). Doublet of ybaka.
Cognate with Guaraní yvate.


ybaté

Nheengatu: iwaté (“high”)

Coordinate term: puku


etá

head

etá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetá, R1 retá, R2 setá)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eta (“too”). Doublet of eté.
Cognate with Guaraní heta, -ete.

inh+

many; multitude (large number of people or things)


etá

head

etá (IIa class pluriform, R1 retá, R2 setá, noun form etá)


etá

Nheengatu: -itá (“plural marker”)

Emonanamo pe acè Yerurèo Sanctos età çupè?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 23v:

Aimondo benhe xenheega opamenhe peeme xeraigreta.

1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1):

I send again my words to all of you, my sons.

(Late Tupi) -s; used to form plurals of nouns


aîa

aîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taîa, R1 raîa, R2 saîa)


îaboti

Nheengatu: yautí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jabuti, jaboti, jaboty (obsolete)
→ English: jabuti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaβoti.

etymon

red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius)

yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus)


ygara

Nheengatu: igara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: igara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨar.
Cognate with Guaraní yga.

Coordinate term: uru

Yangaipa co de boya
na xererecocatui
yaribobõ omõgui
igara coabipota

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 168, lines 72–75; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 314:

These servants of yours are evil. They don't treat me well. They knock down the bridge, wanting the canoe to pass [under it].

Jgara rocabigtera.

1622, anonymous author, “Conuês de nauio”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 81; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


atã

head

atã (IIa class pluriform, R1 ratã, R2 satã, noun form atã)

form atã (noun)
Causative
moatã
-ba'e
satãba'e
-sab
-saba
atãsaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ratã (active)
satã (active)
oré ratã (active)
îandé ratã (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ratã (active)
ta nde ratã (active)
ta satã (active)
t'oré ratã (active)
t'îandé ratã (active)
ta pe ratã (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe ratãî (active)
na nde ratãî (active)
na satãî (active)
n'oré ratãî (active)
n'îandé ratãî (active)
na pe ratãî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ratã umẽ (active)
pe ratã umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ratã umẽ (active)
ta nde ratã umẽ (active)
ta satã umẽ (active)
t'oré ratã umẽ (active)
t'îandé ratã umẽ (active)
ta pe ratã umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe ratãnamo (gerund)
nde ratãnamo (gerund)
o atãnamo (gerund)
oré ratãnamo (gerund)
îandé ratãnamo (gerund)
pe ratãnamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ratãe'ymamo (gerund)
nde ratãe'ymamo (gerund)
o atãe'ymamo (gerund)
oré ratãe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé ratãe'ymamo (gerund)
pe ratãe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
atã (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
atãe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe ratãû (infinitive)
satãû (infinitive)
oré ratãû (infinitive)
îandé ratãû (infinitive)
xe ratãe'ymi (infinitive)
satãe'ymi (infinitive)
oré ratãe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé ratãe'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *atã (“strong, hard”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní atã.

inh+

Orogûerasó korine, a'ekatu nde rupine. Xe posaká, xe ratã. Oroapek, oroesyne...

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 162; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

I'm gonna take you today, be able to raise you. I'm brave, I'm strong. I'm gonna singe and roast you...

strong (capable of producing great physical force)

hard (difficult to break, cut or penetrate)

rigid, firm; stiff (hard to bend, inflexible)

T'îasó maranatãûãme[…]?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 112:


atã

Aîaratã i aoba.

strongly; firmly (in a strong or powerful manner)


atã

head

atã (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tatã, R1 ratã, R2 satã)

Nd'a'eî te'e, nde ratãngatu resé ûiîekoka, ûiîerobîá

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 12; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

For that reason I lean on your great strength, I trust.


mimby

mimby (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mimby, R1 remimby, R2 semimby, R3 o emimby)

Nheengatu: membí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mimɨ. By surface analysis, emi- (passive deverbalizer prefix) + py (“to flute”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mimby.


mimby

head

mimby (IId class pluriform, R1 remimby, R2 semimby, noun form mimby)

form mimby (noun)
Causative
momimby
-ba'e
semimbyba'e
-sab
-saba
mimbŷaba／mimbysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe remimby (active)
semimby (active)
oré remimby (active)
îandé remimby (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe remimby (active)
ta nde remimby (active)
ta semimby (active)
t'oré remimby (active)
t'îandé remimby (active)
ta pe remimby (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe remimbyî (active)
na nde remimbyî (active)
na semimbyî (active)
n'oré remimbyî (active)
n'îandé remimbyî (active)
na pe remimbyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde remimby umẽ (active)
pe remimby umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe remimby umẽ (active)
ta nde remimby umẽ (active)
ta semimby umẽ (active)
t'oré remimby umẽ (active)
t'îandé remimby umẽ (active)
ta pe remimby umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe remimbyramo (gerund)
nde remimbyramo (gerund)
o emimbyramo (gerund)
oré remimbyramo (gerund)
îandé remimbyramo (gerund)
pe remimbyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe remimbye'ymamo (gerund)
nde remimbye'ymamo (gerund)
o emimbye'ymamo (gerund)
oré remimbye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé remimbye'ymamo (gerund)
pe remimbye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mimby (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mimbye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe remimbyû (infinitive)
semimbyû (infinitive)
oré remimbyû (infinitive)
îandé remimbyû (infinitive)
xe remimbye'ymi (infinitive)
semimbye'ymi (infinitive)
oré remimbye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé remimbye'ymi (infinitive)


mimby

mimby (first-person singular active indicative aîmimby, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmimbyî, noun mimby)

aîmimby (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmimbyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mimby (noun)
Causative
mimbyukar
Causative-comitative
eromimby
Reflexive
îemimby
-ba'e
oîmimbyba'e
-pyr
-pyra
i mimbypyra
-sab
-saba
mimbŷaba／mimbysaba
-sar
-sara
mimbŷara／mimbysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmimby (active)
ereîmimby (active)
oîmimby (active)
oroîmimby (active)
îaîmimby (active)
peîmimby (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmimby (active)
t'ereîmimby (active)
t'oîmimby (active)
t'oroîmimby (active)
t'îaîmimby (active)
ta peîmimby (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmimby (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmimbyî (active)
n'ereîmimbyî (active)
n'oîmimbyî (active)
n'oroîmimbyî (active)
n'îaîmimbyî (active)
na peîmimbyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmimby umẽ (active)
t'ereîmimby umẽ (active)
t'oîmimby umẽ (active)
t'oroîmimby umẽ (active)
t'îaîmimby umẽ (active)
ta peîmimby umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmimby umẽ (active)
peîmimby umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mimby (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mimbye'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mimbŷabo (gerund)
nde mimbŷabo (gerund)
i mimbŷabo (gerund)
oré mimbŷabo (gerund)
îandé mimbŷabo (gerund)
pe mimbŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mimbye'yma (gerund)
nde mimbye'yma (gerund)
i mimbye'yma (gerund)
oré mimbye'yma (gerund)
îandé mimbye'yma (gerund)
pe mimbye'yma (gerund)
xe mimbyû (gerund)
i mimbyû (gerund)
oré mimbyû (gerund)
îandé mimbyû (gerund)
xe mimbye'ymi (gerund)
i mimbye'ymi (gerund)
oré mimbye'ymi (gerund)
îandé mimbye'ymi (gerund)

to blow; to flute (to blow a musical instrument to make it give a sound)


'y

Nheengatu: ií

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ʔɨ.
Cognate with Aurá, Awetí, Emerillon, Guajá, Sateré-Mawé, Tapirapé, Tembé, and Xingú Asuriní ʔɨ and Guaraní y.


asá

head

asá (first-person singular active indicative asasá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asasáî, noun asá)

asasá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asasáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
asá (noun)


usá

usá (unpossessable, female equivalent kunduru)

→ Portuguese: uçá, usá

→ Translingual: Uca

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ut͡ʃa (“crab”).


pará

Nheengatu: pará

→ Portuguese: Pará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *para.
Cognate with Guaraní para.


bobok

head

bobok (first-person singular active indicative abobok, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aboboki, noun boboka)

abobok (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aboboki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
boboka (noun)
Causative
mobobok
Causative-comitative
erobobok
-ba'e
obobokyba'e
-sab
-saba
bobokaba
-sar
-sara
bobokara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
abobok (active)
erebobok (active)
obobok (active)
orobobok (active)
îabobok (active)
pebobok (active)
Permissive (active)
t'abobok (active)
t'erebobok (active)
t'obobok (active)
t'orobobok (active)
t'îabobok (active)
ta pebobok (active)
Imperative (active)
ebobok (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aboboki (active)
n'ereboboki (active)
n'oboboki (active)
n'oroboboki (active)
n'îaboboki (active)
na peboboki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'abobok umẽ (active)
t'erebobok umẽ (active)
t'obobok umẽ (active)
t'orobobok umẽ (active)
t'îabobok umẽ (active)
ta pebobok umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ebobok umẽ (active)
pebobok umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiboboka (gerund)
eboboka (gerund)
oboboka (gerund)
oroboboka (gerund)
îaboboka (gerund)
peboboka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiboboke'yma (gerund)
eboboke'yma (gerund)
oboboke'yma (gerund)
oroboboke'yma (gerund)
îaboboke'yma (gerund)
peboboke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
boboka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
boboke'yma (infinitive)
xe boboki (infinitive)
i boboki (infinitive)
oré boboki (infinitive)
îandé boboki (infinitive)
xe boboke'ymi (infinitive)
i boboke'ymi (infinitive)
oré boboke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé boboke'ymi (infinitive)


Tupã

Nheengatu: Tupana, Tupã, Tupá

→ Portuguese: Tupã

Tupã (a Tupian deity, the personification of thunder)

Ne mungitta dee Tuppan do Quabe anamaſu y an dee Imme Ranni me ſiſe[…]

1557, Hans Staden, chapter 20, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Ask your God to truly make the storm pass so that it does not harm us.

[…]peẽ Christam ramo pereco roije / Coy peẽ pecanhema rece natecatupe Erimae Chris/tam recou Paitupa raucuba peabo rau

1645 October 21, Diogo Pinheiro Camarão, Letter to Baltazar Araberana, Gaspar Cararu, Jandaia and Pedro Valadin (Camarão Indians' letters; 6), page 2:

You, as Christians, are sick. Now you, for your doom, are the most vunerable. In the past you were Christians, but you sadly left Lord God's love.


kó

Nheengatu: kwá, ⇒ xukúi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ko.
Cognate with Guaraní ko.

Kó xe 'akusu, xe ranha... Îé, kó bé xe popapẽ, xe rûaîpuku, xe tyãîa...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 40; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Here are my big horns, my teeth... Yes, here are also my claws, my long tail, my hooks...

Pysaré kó i kere'ymi, apŷaba pobupobu!

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 32; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Then he didn't sleep the whole night, to keep disturbing the men!


kó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ko, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑko.
Cognate with Chiripá koy.


kó

Nheengatu: kú

Eremondarõpe nde rapixaba kópe?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, edited by Armando Cardoso, Doutrina Cristã: doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume II, São Paulo: Edições Loyola, published 1993, page 98:

Did thou steal from thy neighbour's farm?

farm; plantation; tillage (area of land designated for agricultural growth)


peró

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros)
Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros)bor.
Latin Petrus
Old Galician-Portuguese Pedro
Portuguese Pedrobor.
Old Tupi Peró
Old Tupi peró
 Nominalization of Peró (“Peter”). The name was so common in Portugal in the 16th century that it became a noun among the Tupi.

etymon

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XVIII, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “perot [peró]”

Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XIII, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 197: “Peros [Peró]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VIII, chapter IV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 268: “Pero [Peró]”

(Late Tupi) Portuguese (person native to Portugal)


piting

form pitinga (noun)
Causative
mopiting
-ba'e
i pitingyba'e
-sab
-saba
pitingaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe piting (active)
i piting (active)
oré piting (active)
îandé piting (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe piting (active)
ta nde piting (active)
t'i piting (active)
t'oré piting (active)
t'îandé piting (active)
ta pe piting (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pitingi (active)
na nde pitingi (active)
n'i pitingi (active)
n'oré pitingi (active)
n'îandé pitingi (active)
na pe pitingi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde piting umẽ (active)
pe piting umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe piting umẽ (active)
ta nde piting umẽ (active)
t'i piting umẽ (active)
t'oré piting umẽ (active)
t'îandé piting umẽ (active)
ta pe piting umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pitingamo (gerund)
nde pitingamo (gerund)
o pitingamo (gerund)
oré pitingamo (gerund)
îandé pitingamo (gerund)
pe pitingamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
nde pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
o pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
oré pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
pe pitinge'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pitinga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pitinge'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pitingi (infinitive)
i pitingi (infinitive)
oré pitingi (infinitive)
îandé pitingi (infinitive)
xe pitinge'ymi (infinitive)
i pitinge'ymi (infinitive)
oré pitinge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pitinge'ymi (infinitive)

1660, John Maurice of Nassau, Theatrum Rerum Naturalium Brasiliae (overall work in Latin); republished as Christian Mentzel, editor, São Paulo: Index, 1993:


yba

(used chiefly in compounds) plant, tree.


pindá

→ Portuguese: pindá


pindá

→ Portuguese: pindá


nde

head

nde (2nd class, 2nd person singular, dative ndebe／ndebo, 1st class equivalent endé)

Nheengatu: ne (“you, your”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ne (“you”).
Cognate with Guaraní nde.


-pe

Nheengatu: upé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-pe, from Proto-Tupian *-pe.

M. Emonánamo onhemoçainã eté pabépe Tupã nhêênga cuábaõama, Tupã nhêênga rerobiarãõâma recé, imoporagoâma recebé.
D. Emonamo, äâneŷme anhangaratápe ixóune.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 104; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

Master: So they'll all be truly concerned about knowing God's word, about believing in God's word, as well as obeying it?
Disciple: Indeed, otherwise they'll go to hell.


-pe

+obj

shall [with ká (men's speech) or ky (women's speech)]


-pe

Xerúbapèoçô?

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 36:

interrogative particle; comes after the thing one wants to ask, in the beginning of the sentence


apek

head

apek (first-person singular active indicative asapek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asapeki, noun apeka)

asapek (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asapeki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
apeka (noun)
Causative
apekukar
Causative-comitative
eroapek
Reflexive
îeapek
-ba'e
osapekyba'e
emi-
emiapeka／miapeka
-pyr
-pyra
sapekypyra
-sab
-saba
apekaba
-sar
-sara
apekara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asapek (active)
eresapek (active)
osapek (active)
orosapek (active)
îasapek (active)
pesapek (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asapek (active)
t'eresapek (active)
t'osapek (active)
t'orosapek (active)
t'îasapek (active)
ta pesapek (active)
Imperative (active)
esapek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asapeki (active)
n'eresapeki (active)
n'osapeki (active)
n'orosapeki (active)
n'îasapeki (active)
na pesapeki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asapek umẽ (active)
t'eresapek umẽ (active)
t'osapek umẽ (active)
t'orosapek umẽ (active)
t'îasapek umẽ (active)
ta pesapek umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esapek umẽ (active)
pesapek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apeka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apeke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rapeka (gerund)
nde rapeka (gerund)
sapeka (gerund)
oré rapeka (gerund)
îandé rapeka (gerund)
pe rapeka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rapeke'yma (gerund)
nde rapeke'yma (gerund)
sapeke'yma (gerund)
oré rapeke'yma (gerund)
îandé rapeke'yma (gerund)
pe rapeke'yma (gerund)
xe rapeki (gerund)
sapeki (gerund)
oré rapeki (gerund)
îandé rapeki (gerund)
xe rapeke'ymi (gerund)
sapeke'ymi (gerund)
oré rapeke'ymi (gerund)
îandé rapeke'ymi (gerund)

⇒ Portuguese: sapecar

I am valiant, I am strong; I will singe you; I will roast you […]

to singe (to remove the hair from skin by passing over a flame)

to toast (to lightly cook by browning over fire)


-usu

Alternative form of -gûasu (“big”); after a word ending in a consonant or unstressed vowel.


-gûasu

Nheengatu: -wasú

→ Portuguese: -açu, -guaçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu, from Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní guaxu and Guaraní guasu.

etymon

paranã (“sea”) + -gûasu → paranãgûasu (“ocean”, literally “big sea”)

[…]pirâgoaçû[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 13:

Oçoquendab aêcaramemoã itá / goaçupepè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do que paſsou deſpois, &c.” (chapter XI), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 64v:

I kaûĩgûasupipó xe ramũîa Îagûaruna? Ene'ĩ! T'asabeypó! Erĩ! Aûîeté p'akó, aîegûak ûinhemoúna...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 60; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

By the way, does my grandpa Îagûaruna have much cauim? Come on, I'm gonna get drunk! Wait! Actually, I must adorn myself with black paint...

Xequerambuguaçû

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 108; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


Peró

Aço Pero rupigtigca igpe.

1622, anonymous author, “Alcançar ia a alguẽ q. uay caminhando”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 30; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

I went to the river to catch up with Peter.

a male given name from Portuguese, equivalent to English Peter


gûatá

head

gûatá (first-person singular active indicative agûatá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûatáî, noun gûatá)

agûatá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûatáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûatá (noun)
Causative
mogûatá
Causative-comitative
erogûatá
-ba'e
ogûataba'e
-sab
-saba
gûatasaba
-sar
-sara
gûatasara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
agûatá (active)
eregûatá (active)
ogûatá (active)
orogûatá (active)
îagûatá (active)
pegûatá (active)
Permissive (active)
t'agûatá (active)
t'eregûatá (active)
t'ogûatá (active)
t'orogûatá (active)
t'îagûatá (active)
ta pegûatá (active)
Imperative (active)
egûatá (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'agûatáî (active)
n'eregûatáî (active)
n'ogûatáî (active)
n'orogûatáî (active)
n'îagûatáî (active)
na pegûatáî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'agûatá umẽ (active)
t'eregûatá umẽ (active)
t'ogûatá umẽ (active)
t'orogûatá umẽ (active)
t'îagûatá umẽ (active)
ta pegûatá umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
egûatá umẽ (active)
pegûatá umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûigûatábo (gerund)
egûatábo (gerund)
ogûatábo (gerund)
orogûatábo (gerund)
îagûatábo (gerund)
pegûatábo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûigûatae'yma (gerund)
egûatae'yma (gerund)
ogûatae'yma (gerund)
orogûatae'yma (gerund)
îagûatae'yma (gerund)
pegûatae'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
gûatá (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
gûatae'yma (infinitive)
xe gûatáû (infinitive)
i gûatáû (infinitive)
oré gûatáû (infinitive)
îandé gûatáû (infinitive)
xe gûatae'ymi (infinitive)
i gûatae'ymi (infinitive)
oré gûatae'ymi (infinitive)
îandé gûatae'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: watá

to ride; to take; to travel by (to use a given mode of transportation)


gûatá

gûatá (first-person singular active indicative agûatá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûatáî, noun gûatara)

agûatá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûatáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûatara (noun)

(São Vicente) Alternative form of gûatar


pupé

Nheengatu: pupé

I tyb mba'eetá xe karamemûã pupé.

Oroîuká xe kysé pupéne.

kó somana pupé


upaba

upaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tupaba, R1 rupaba, R2 tupaba)

Nheengatu: tupa, tupé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-upaβ, from Proto-Tupian *-upap. By surface analysis, ub (“to lie”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “lying place”.
Cogante with Mbyá Guaraní upa.

surf

Kó xe 'anga, nde rusaba, nde rupabamo t'oîkó

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 128:

Here's my soul, place of your arrival, it shall be your bed.

bed (prepared spot in which to spend the night)

field (wide, open space that is used to grow crops)

[…]çoô mimbâba rôca ogoar gupabamo[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “25. Natiuitas Dòmini. G. I.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9v:

He took the livestock animal's house as his lodging.

lodging (place to live or lodge; sleeping accommodation)


upaba

Nheengatu: ipawa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨupaβ, from Proto-Tupian *-upap. By surface analysis, y (“water”) + ub (“to lie”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “water's lying place”.
Cogante with Guaraní ypa.


tapiti

Nheengatu: tapetí, tapiti

desctree

→ Portuguese: tapiti, tapeti
→ English: tapeti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiti.
Cognate with Guaraní tapiti.

inh+

(astronomy) Name of a constellation. Further details are uncertain.


mberu

→ Brazilian Portuguese: biru


oîepotar

third-person singular or plural active indicative of îepotar


ikó

Kunhãporanga oré tápe oîkó.

The beautiful woman lives in our village.

Oka pupé îaîkó


ygarusu

→ Portuguese: Igarassu, Igaraçu

From ygara (“canoe”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

Oñemombeúpe abá guarininamo osó janondé, ygarusúpe oári janondé?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Confissão]”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Catecismo brasílico, volume 1, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 212, line 33:

Does someone confess themselves before going to war, before boarding a ship?


peẽ

head

peẽ (1st class, 2nd person plural, dative peẽme／peẽmo, 2nd class equivalent pe)

Peẽ pegûapyk.


kûara

Nheengatu: kuara, kwara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷa, from Proto-Tupian *kʷat.
Cognate with Awetí kwat, Guaraní kua.

Pesem tatu kûara suí.

itaîukûara

mine (excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken)


kûara

→ Portuguese: quarar

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷat, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgəat. Doublet of kûarasy. Pronunciation possibly influenced by Etymology 1.


kunumĩ

desctree

Old Tupi: kurumĩ (LGA)
Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, curumi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.
Cognate with Kamayurá kunu'um, Guarayu, Mbyá Guaraní, and Paraguayan Guaraní kunumi and Urubú-Kaapor kurumĩ.

cog

Ebokûeî kunumĩ nde membyra.


pytá

head

pytá (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mytá)


pytá

pytá (first-person singular active indicative apytá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apytáî, noun pytá)

apytá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'apytáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
pytá (noun)
Causative
momytá
Causative-comitative
eropytá
-ba'e
opytaba'e
-sab
-saba
pytasaba
-sar
-sara
pytasara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apytá (active)
erepytá (active)
opytá (active)
oropytá (active)
îapytá (active)
pepytá (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apytá (active)
t'erepytá (active)
t'opytá (active)
t'oropytá (active)
t'îapytá (active)
ta pepytá (active)
Imperative (active)
epytá (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'apytáî (active)
n'erepytáî (active)
n'opytáî (active)
n'oropytáî (active)
n'îapytáî (active)
na pepytáî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apytá umẽ (active)
t'erepytá umẽ (active)
t'opytá umẽ (active)
t'oropytá umẽ (active)
t'îapytá umẽ (active)
ta pepytá umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epytá umẽ (active)
pepytá umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûipytábo (gerund)
epytábo (gerund)
opytábo (gerund)
oropytábo (gerund)
îapytábo (gerund)
pepytábo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûipytae'yma (gerund)
epytae'yma (gerund)
opytae'yma (gerund)
oropytae'yma (gerund)
îapytae'yma (gerund)
pepytae'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pytá (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pytae'yma (infinitive)
xe pytáû (infinitive)
i pytáû (infinitive)
oré pytáû (infinitive)
îandé pytáû (infinitive)
xe pytae'ymi (infinitive)
i pytae'ymi (infinitive)
oré pytae'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pytae'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: pitá

Peroetá ygarusu pupé opytá.

Many Portuguese stayed inside the ships.

to stay (to remain in a particular place)

to face; to confront [with supé ‘someone’]


moasy

moasy (first-person singular active indicative aîmoasy, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoasyî, noun moasy)

aîmoasy (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoasyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moasy (noun)
Causative
moasyukar
Reflexive
îemoasy
-ba'e
oîmoasyba'e
emi-
emimoasy／mimoasy
-pyr
-pyra
i moasypyra
-sab
-saba
moasŷaba／moasysaba
-sar
-sara
moasŷara／moasysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoasy (active)
ereîmoasy (active)
oîmoasy (active)
oroîmoasy (active)
îaîmoasy (active)
peîmoasy (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoasy (active)
t'ereîmoasy (active)
t'oîmoasy (active)
t'oroîmoasy (active)
t'îaîmoasy (active)
ta peîmoasy (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoasy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoasyî (active)
n'ereîmoasyî (active)
n'oîmoasyî (active)
n'oroîmoasyî (active)
n'îaîmoasyî (active)
na peîmoasyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoasy umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoasy umẽ (active)
t'oîmoasy umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoasy umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoasy umẽ (active)
ta peîmoasy umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoasy umẽ (active)
peîmoasy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moasy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moasye'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moasŷabo (gerund)
nde moasŷabo (gerund)
i moasŷabo (gerund)
oré moasŷabo (gerund)
îandé moasŷabo (gerund)
pe moasŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moasye'yma (gerund)
nde moasye'yma (gerund)
i moasye'yma (gerund)
oré moasye'yma (gerund)
îandé moasye'yma (gerund)
pe moasye'yma (gerund)
xe moasyû (gerund)
i moasyû (gerund)
oré moasyû (gerund)
îandé moasyû (gerund)
xe moasye'ymi (gerund)
i moasye'ymi (gerund)
oré moasye'ymi (gerund)
îandé moasye'ymi (gerund)

⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: Moacir

Causative of asy, from mo- (causative prefix) + asy (“pain”).

to regret; to repent (to feel pain for past acts)


porang

form poranga (noun)
Causative
moporang
-ba'e
i porangyba'e
-sab
-saba
porangaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe porang (active)
i porang (active)
oré porang (active)
îandé porang (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe porang (active)
ta nde porang (active)
t'i porang (active)
t'oré porang (active)
t'îandé porang (active)
ta pe porang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe porangi (active)
na nde porangi (active)
n'i porangi (active)
n'oré porangi (active)
n'îandé porangi (active)
na pe porangi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde porang umẽ (active)
pe porang umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe porang umẽ (active)
ta nde porang umẽ (active)
t'i porang umẽ (active)
t'oré porang umẽ (active)
t'îandé porang umẽ (active)
ta pe porang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe porangamo (gerund)
nde porangamo (gerund)
o porangamo (gerund)
oré porangamo (gerund)
îandé porangamo (gerund)
pe porangamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe porange'ymamo (gerund)
nde porange'ymamo (gerund)
o porange'ymamo (gerund)
oré porange'ymamo (gerund)
îandé porange'ymamo (gerund)
pe porange'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
poranga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
porange'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe porangi (infinitive)
i porangi (infinitive)
oré porangi (infinitive)
îandé porangi (infinitive)
xe porange'ymi (infinitive)
i porange'ymi (infinitive)
oré porange'ymi (infinitive)
îandé porange'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *poraŋ (“beautiful”).
Cognate with Guaraní porã.

inh+

Kunhã i porang.


nhan

head

nhan (first-person singular active indicative anhan, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhani, noun nhana)

anhan (active first-person indicative singular)
n'anhani (active first-person indicative negative singular)
nhana (noun)
Causative
monhan
Causative-comitative
eronhan
-ba'e
onhanyba'e
-sab
-saba
nhandaba
-sar
-sara
nhandara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
anhan (active)
erenhan (active)
onhan (active)
oronhan (active)
îanhan (active)
penhan (active)
Permissive (active)
t'anhan (active)
t'erenhan (active)
t'onhan (active)
t'oronhan (active)
t'îanhan (active)
ta penhan (active)
Imperative (active)
enhan (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'anhani (active)
n'erenhani (active)
n'onhani (active)
n'oronhani (active)
n'îanhani (active)
na penhani (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'anhan umẽ (active)
t'erenhan umẽ (active)
t'onhan umẽ (active)
t'oronhan umẽ (active)
t'îanhan umẽ (active)
ta penhan umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
enhan umẽ (active)
penhan umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûinhana (gerund)
enhana (gerund)
onhana (gerund)
oronhana (gerund)
îanhana (gerund)
penhana (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûinhane'yma (gerund)
enhane'yma (gerund)
onhane'yma (gerund)
oronhane'yma (gerund)
îanhane'yma (gerund)
penhane'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nhana (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
nhane'yma (infinitive)
xe nhani (infinitive)
i nhani (infinitive)
oré nhani (infinitive)
îandé nhani (infinitive)
xe nhane'ymi (infinitive)
i nhane'ymi (infinitive)
oré nhane'ymi (infinitive)
îandé nhane'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wan, from Proto-Tupian *jan.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní nha.

Abá onhan.


ikoé

Oré nhe'enga oîkoeeté.


sykyîé

Through metathesis of kysyîé, itself cognate with
Emerillon kiʤe,
Guajajára kyze,
Guaraní kyhyje,
Parakanã kyyxe,
Tenharim kyhyji,
Wayampi kyje, and
Xingú Asuriní kyyje.

fear (emotion caused by actual or perceived danger or threat)


sykyîé

sykyîé (first-person singular active indicative asykyîé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asykyîéî, noun sykyîé)

asykyîé (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asykyîéî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
sykyîé (noun)
Causative
mondykyîé
Causative-comitative
erosykyîé
-ba'e
osykyîeba'e
-sab
-saba
sykyîeaba／sykyîesaba
-sar
-sara
sykyîeara／sykyîesara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asykyîé (active)
eresykyîé (active)
osykyîé (active)
orosykyîé (active)
îasykyîé (active)
pesykyîé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asykyîé (active)
t'eresykyîé (active)
t'osykyîé (active)
t'orosykyîé (active)
t'îasykyîé (active)
ta pesykyîé (active)
Imperative (active)
esykyîé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asykyîéî (active)
n'eresykyîéî (active)
n'osykyîéî (active)
n'orosykyîéî (active)
n'îasykyîéî (active)
na pesykyîéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asykyîé umẽ (active)
t'eresykyîé umẽ (active)
t'osykyîé umẽ (active)
t'orosykyîé umẽ (active)
t'îasykyîé umẽ (active)
ta pesykyîé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esykyîé umẽ (active)
pesykyîé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûixykyîébo (gerund)
esykyîébo (gerund)
osykyîébo (gerund)
orosykyîébo (gerund)
îasykyîébo (gerund)
pesykyîébo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûixykyîee'yma (gerund)
esykyîee'yma (gerund)
osykyîee'yma (gerund)
orosykyîee'yma (gerund)
îasykyîee'yma (gerund)
pesykyîee'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sykyîé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sykyîee'yma (infinitive)
xe sykyîéû (infinitive)
i xykyîéû (infinitive)
oré sykyîéû (infinitive)
îandé sykyîéû (infinitive)
xe sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
i xykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
oré sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: sikié

[…]Iudeos çuî ociquîyebo[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 55:

to fear; to be afraid [with suí or gerund ‘of something’]


nhe'enga

Nheengatu: nheenga

[ɲɛˈʔɛ̃.ᵑɡa]

Oré nhe'enga oîkoeeté.

errand (oral message trusted to a person for delivery)

Eresendubype îagûara nhe'enga?


tupinambá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupinambá
→ English: Tupinambá
→ Finnish: tupinambá, tupinamba
→ Spanish: tupinambá

→ French: tupinamba, topinambou, topinambour
→ German: Topinambur
→ Italian: topinambur
→ Portuguese: tupinambor, tupinambo

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests tupi + anama + mbá.

Tupinambá (member of the Tupinambá people)


Potyra

→ Portuguese: Potira, Potyra


ygûasu

→? Portuguese: Iguassu (dated), Iguaçu

→ German: Iguaçu

→ English: Iguassu, Iguaçu

→ French: Iguaçu

From y (“water, river”) + -gûasu (“big”).


xó

Alternative form of só following a word ending in i, î or y


potá

head

potá (first-person singular active indicative aîpotá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîpotáî, noun potara)

aîpotá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîpotáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
potara (noun)


kutuk

kutuk (first-person singular active indicative aîkutuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkutuki, noun kutuka)

aîkutuk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîkutuki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kutuka (noun)
Causative
kutukukar
Causative-comitative
erokutuk
Reflexive
îekutuk
-ba'e
oîkutukyba'e
emi-
emingutuka／mingutuka
-pyr
-pyra
i kutukypyra
-sab
-saba
kutukaba
-sar
-sara
kutukara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîkutuk (active)
ereîkutuk (active)
oîkutuk (active)
oroîkutuk (active)
îaîkutuk (active)
peîkutuk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîkutuk (active)
t'ereîkutuk (active)
t'oîkutuk (active)
t'oroîkutuk (active)
t'îaîkutuk (active)
ta peîkutuk (active)
Imperative (active)
eîkutuk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîkutuki (active)
n'ereîkutuki (active)
n'oîkutuki (active)
n'oroîkutuki (active)
n'îaîkutuki (active)
na peîkutuki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîkutuk umẽ (active)
t'ereîkutuk umẽ (active)
t'oîkutuk umẽ (active)
t'oroîkutuk umẽ (active)
t'îaîkutuk umẽ (active)
ta peîkutuk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîkutuk umẽ (active)
peîkutuk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kutuka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kutuke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kutuka (gerund)
nde kutuka (gerund)
i kutuka (gerund)
oré kutuka (gerund)
îandé kutuka (gerund)
pe kutuka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kutuke'yma (gerund)
nde kutuke'yma (gerund)
i kutuke'yma (gerund)
oré kutuke'yma (gerund)
îandé kutuke'yma (gerund)
pe kutuke'yma (gerund)
xe kutuki (gerund)
i kutuki (gerund)
oré kutuki (gerund)
îandé kutuki (gerund)
xe kutuke'ymi (gerund)
i kutuke'ymi (gerund)
oré kutuke'ymi (gerund)
îandé kutuke'ymi (gerund)

⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: cutucar

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kutuk, from Proto-Tupian *kutuk.

inh+

Itámina pupê y îquê cutuc-i.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 64:


kutuk

aîkutuk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîkutuki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kutuka (noun)


meru

Nheengatu: merú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *meru.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mberu.

fly (any insect in the suborder Brachycera)

(strictly) New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax)


-sar

Nheengatu: -sara

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ar, from Proto-Tupian *-at.

etymon

Çoõboiçara.

1622, anonymous author, “Magarefe”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 28; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


etama

head

etama (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetama, R1 retama, R2 setama)

Nheengatu: etama, tama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etam
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní etã.

Dè angatouran etè erimahé apouyaue mondoüé cherétan à poupé[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter LVI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 341v:

You were very benevolent in the past, sending men, chiefs and warriors to my land.

land; homeland (traditional territory of an ethnic group)

Coordinate term: oka

Cecobiárõbîrape temireco êtê, coipo menetè peretáme doâra?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter X, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 96:

Should be replaced the true wife or true husband that are in your dwellings?

Coordinate term: ysaubẽ


tataûrana

→ Portuguese: taturana

From atá (“fire”) + un (“black”) + ran (“like”) + -a.

af

Akó xe îubykarûera, tataûrana, tamandûá…!

1999, José de Anchieta, Teatro de Anchieta (play; overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Martins Fontes, page 62:

That is the one who strangled me, a stinging caterpillar, an anteater…!


tamandûá

Nheengatu: tamanduá

→ Portuguese: tamanduá

anteater (any mammal in the suborder Vermilingua)

Akó xe îubykarûera, tataûrana, tamandûá, xe îubyk benhẽ potá!!

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 62; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

That is the one who strangled me, a stinging caterpillar, an anteater, wanting to strangle me again!

Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Myrmecophaga tridactyla#Translingual

(strictly) giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)


anũ

Nheengatu: anú

desctree

→ Portuguese: anu, anum, ani
→? English: ani

Crotophaga ani
Crotophaga ani#Translingual


tupãberaba

Nheengatu: tupã-werawa

From tupã (“thunder”) + beraba (“shine”).


îagûara

Nheengatu: yawara

→ Portuguese: jaguara

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawar.
Cognate with Guaraní jagua.

marakaîá

bixana, *îagûatyryka, marakaîaeté, marakaîagûasu, marakaîamimbaba, marakaîamirĩ

Jau ware ſche[…]

1557, Hans Staden, quoting Cunhambebe, chapter 44, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Ajucancar iaguara Pedro çupe[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi não ſignificão; mas juntas a outras parstes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79v:

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

îagûapopeba

river otter (literally, “flat-footed canivoran”)


moatã

head

moatã (first-person singular active indicative aîmoatã, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoatãî, noun moatã)

aîmoatã (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoatãî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moatã (noun)
Causative
moatãukar
Reflexive
îemoatã
-ba'e
oîmoatãba'e
emi-
emimoatã／mimoatã
-pyr
-pyra
i moatãpyra
-sab
-saba
moatãsaba
-sar
-sara
moatãana／moatãsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoatã (active)
ereîmoatã (active)
oîmoatã (active)
oroîmoatã (active)
îaîmoatã (active)
peîmoatã (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoatã (active)
t'ereîmoatã (active)
t'oîmoatã (active)
t'oroîmoatã (active)
t'îaîmoatã (active)
ta peîmoatã (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoatã (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoatãî (active)
n'ereîmoatãî (active)
n'oîmoatãî (active)
n'oroîmoatãî (active)
n'îaîmoatãî (active)
na peîmoatãî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoatã umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoatã umẽ (active)
t'oîmoatã umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoatã umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoatã umẽ (active)
ta peîmoatã umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoatã umẽ (active)
peîmoatã umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moatã (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moatãe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moatãmo (gerund)
nde moatãmo (gerund)
i moatãmo (gerund)
oré moatãmo (gerund)
îandé moatãmo (gerund)
pe moatãmo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moatãe'yma (gerund)
nde moatãe'yma (gerund)
i moatãe'yma (gerund)
oré moatãe'yma (gerund)
îandé moatãe'yma (gerund)
pe moatãe'yma (gerund)
xe moatãû (gerund)
i moatãû (gerund)
oré moatãû (gerund)
îandé moatãû (gerund)
xe moatãe'ymi (gerund)
i moatãe'ymi (gerund)
oré moatãe'ymi (gerund)
îandé moatãe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: muatá

Causative of atã, from mo- (causative voice prefix) + atã (“strong, hard, stiff, straight”).

prefix

to harden (to make something hard or harder)


gûarinĩ

head

gûarinĩ (first-person singular active indicative agûarinĩ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûarinĩî, noun gûarinĩ)

agûarinĩ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûarinĩî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûarinĩ (noun)
Causative
mogûarinĩ
Causative-comitative
erogûarinĩ
-ba'e
ogûarinĩba'e
-sab
-saba
gûarinĩsaba
-sar
-sara
gûarinĩana／gûarinĩsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
agûarinĩ (active)
eregûarinĩ (active)
ogûarinĩ (active)
orogûarinĩ (active)
îagûarinĩ (active)
pegûarinĩ (active)
Permissive (active)
t'agûarinĩ (active)
t'eregûarinĩ (active)
t'ogûarinĩ (active)
t'orogûarinĩ (active)
t'îagûarinĩ (active)
ta pegûarinĩ (active)
Imperative (active)
egûarinĩ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'agûarinĩ (active)
n'eregûarinĩ (active)
n'ogûarinĩ (active)
n'orogûarinĩ (active)
n'îagûarinĩ (active)
na pegûarinĩ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'agûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'eregûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'ogûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'orogûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'îagûarinĩ umẽ (active)
ta pegûarinĩ umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
egûarinĩ umẽ (active)
pegûarinĩ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûigûarinĩamo (gerund)
egûarinĩamo (gerund)
ogûarinĩamo (gerund)
orogûarinĩamo (gerund)
îagûarinĩamo (gerund)
pegûarinĩamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûigûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
egûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
ogûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
orogûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
îagûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
pegûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
gûarinĩ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
gûarinĩe'yma (infinitive)
xe gûarinĩû (infinitive)
i gûarinĩû (infinitive)
oré gûarinĩû (infinitive)
îandé gûarinĩû (infinitive)
xe gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
i gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
oré gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)


sumarã

Oroîerobîá nde ri, São Lourenço-angaturama. Esarõ oré retama oré sumarã suí.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 118; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

We trust you, blessed Saint Lawrence. Protect our land from our archenemies.


Kunhambeba

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Cunhambebe

[kũ.ɲãˈᵐbɛ.β̞a]


Kurupira

Nheengatu: Kurupira

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Curupira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kurupir. By surface analysis, kurub (“warty”) + pira (“skin”).
Cognate with Guaraní Kurupi.

surf

28.p.Erecîquîjpe Anhanga, tagoaîba, curupira Iarupari, coipoteõ abáçupe?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 102v:

Had you summoned Anhanga, Taguaíba, Curupira, Jurupari or the death of someone?

name of a entity of Tupian mythology that had the feet turned backwards and would kill people wandering in the forests


Anhanga

→ Portuguese: Anhangá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ajaŋ.
Cognate with Guaraní Aña.

(folklore) name of a supernatural being of Tupi Mythology.

(Late Tupi, Christianity) Satan; the Devil


ybatinga

From ybaka (“sky”) + tinga (“whiteness”).


Îurupari

Nheengatu: Yuruparí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Jurupari

Cruſſa chèpopéſecoremé, ouyiemo cruſſaue tooure Ieropary oycoue aermé, naſſequeie chouéne ichouy[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “tpw”, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 357:

If this cross is in my hands, […] let even the Devil come then, I won't fear him.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon:

(Christianity, Late Tupi) the Devil; Satan


oîepé

Nheengatu: yepé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ojepeteĩ (“one”).
Cognate with Guaraní peteĩ.

inh+

Oyepê cunhã[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter IV, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 9v:


oîepé

[…]oyepêaçó[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter IV, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 10v:

Oîkuakumo amõ abá tekopûera oîepé'ĩ nhõmo, Tupana n'i nhyrõî xómo; i mimbáramo oîpe'a, pe ratápe nhẽ i mombómo.

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 174; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

If someone hid their past acts only once, God wouldn't pardon it; He would repel them as His creation and do making them jump into your fire.

Peyôri apiàbetà
Oyepé tiay moêté
Yandé caraîbèbê

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 6:

Come, men. We shall honor in unisson our angel.


Marakaîagûasu

→ Portuguese: Maracajá-Guaçu (learned)


Moroupîarûera

→ Portuguese: Morupiaruera (learned)


oîoirundyk

Nheengatu: irundí


mosapyr

Nheengatu: musapiri

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mot͡sapɨr.
Cognate with Guaraní mbohapy.


îasytatá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jat͡sɨtata. By surface analysis, îasy (“moon”) + atá (“fire”).
Cognate with Guaraní jasytata.


tanimbuka

Nheengatu: tanimbuka

→? Brazilian Portuguese: tanimbuca

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tanimuk.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tanimbu.

inh+

Quarta feira tanimbucaräîba raçâpe iecüacúpabuçú, Quareſma iâba nhëypyrûnghi: ipupé quarenta âra iaiecüacúbine.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Em Março”, in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 122:

When the Ash Wednesday (literally, “Wednesday's holy ashes”) passes, the great fasting called Lent starts: in it, we will fast for forty days.


akub

head

akub (IIa class pluriform, R1 rakub, R2 sakub, noun form akuba)

form akuba (noun)
Causative
moakub
-ba'e
sakuba'e／i akubyba'e
-sab
-saba
akupaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rakub (active)
sakub (active)
oré rakub (active)
îandé rakub (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rakub (active)
ta nde rakub (active)
ta sakub (active)
t'oré rakub (active)
t'îandé rakub (active)
ta pe rakub (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rakubi (active)
na nde rakubi (active)
na sakubi (active)
n'oré rakubi (active)
n'îandé rakubi (active)
na pe rakubi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rakub umẽ (active)
pe rakub umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rakub umẽ (active)
ta nde rakub umẽ (active)
ta sakub umẽ (active)
t'oré rakub umẽ (active)
t'îandé rakub umẽ (active)
ta pe rakub umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rakubamo (gerund)
nde rakubamo (gerund)
o akubamo (gerund)
oré rakubamo (gerund)
îandé rakubamo (gerund)
pe rakubamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rakube'ymamo (gerund)
nde rakube'ymamo (gerund)
o akube'ymamo (gerund)
oré rakube'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rakube'ymamo (gerund)
pe rakube'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
akuba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
akube'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rakubi (infinitive)
sakubi (infinitive)
oré rakubi (infinitive)
îandé rakubi (infinitive)
xe rakube'ymi (infinitive)
sakube'ymi (infinitive)
oré rakube'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rakube'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: akú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acu


Maíra

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Maíra


mo-

Nheengatu: mu-

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-, from Proto-Tupian *mo-.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mbo-.

etymon

Coordinate term: (with transitive verbs) ukar

forms causative verbs from intransitive verbs

aimoabarê Pedro[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 48v:

forms factitive verbs from nouns and adjectives


kuruk

form kuruka (noun)
Causative
monguruk
-ba'e
i kurukyba'e
-sab
-saba
kurukaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe kuruk (active)
i kuruk (active)
oré kuruk (active)
îandé kuruk (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe kuruk (active)
ta nde kuruk (active)
t'i kuruk (active)
t'oré kuruk (active)
t'îandé kuruk (active)
ta pe kuruk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe kuruki (active)
na nde kuruki (active)
n'i kuruki (active)
n'oré kuruki (active)
n'îandé kuruki (active)
na pe kuruki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde kuruk umẽ (active)
pe kuruk umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe kuruk umẽ (active)
ta nde kuruk umẽ (active)
t'i kuruk umẽ (active)
t'oré kuruk umẽ (active)
t'îandé kuruk umẽ (active)
ta pe kuruk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kurukamo (gerund)
nde kurukamo (gerund)
o kurukamo (gerund)
oré kurukamo (gerund)
îandé kurukamo (gerund)
pe kurukamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
nde kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
o kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
oré kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
pe kuruke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kuruka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kuruke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe kuruki (infinitive)
i kuruki (infinitive)
oré kuruki (infinitive)
îandé kuruki (infinitive)
xe kuruke'ymi (infinitive)
i kuruke'ymi (infinitive)
oré kuruke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kuruke'ymi (infinitive)

grumbly (given to grumbling, complaining)


gûapyk

head

gûapyk (first-person singular active indicative agûapyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûapyki, noun gûapyka)

agûapyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûapyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûapyka (noun)
Causative
mogûapyk
Causative-comitative
erogûapyk
-ba'e
ogûapykyba'e
-sab
-saba
gûapykaba
-sar
-sara
gûapykara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
agûapyk (active)
eregûapyk (active)
ogûapyk (active)
orogûapyk (active)
îagûapyk (active)
pegûapyk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'agûapyk (active)
t'eregûapyk (active)
t'ogûapyk (active)
t'orogûapyk (active)
t'îagûapyk (active)
ta pegûapyk (active)
Imperative (active)
egûapyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'agûapyki (active)
n'eregûapyki (active)
n'ogûapyki (active)
n'orogûapyki (active)
n'îagûapyki (active)
na pegûapyki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'agûapyk umẽ (active)
t'eregûapyk umẽ (active)
t'ogûapyk umẽ (active)
t'orogûapyk umẽ (active)
t'îagûapyk umẽ (active)
ta pegûapyk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
egûapyk umẽ (active)
pegûapyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûigûapyka (gerund)
egûapyka (gerund)
ogûapyka (gerund)
orogûapyka (gerund)
îagûapyka (gerund)
pegûapyka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûigûapyke'yma (gerund)
egûapyke'yma (gerund)
ogûapyke'yma (gerund)
orogûapyke'yma (gerund)
îagûapyke'yma (gerund)
pegûapyke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
gûapyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
gûapyke'yma (infinitive)
xe gûapyki (infinitive)
i gûapyki (infinitive)
oré gûapyki (infinitive)
îandé gûapyki (infinitive)
xe gûapyke'ymi (infinitive)
i gûapyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré gûapyke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé gûapyke'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: wapika

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *(w-)apɨk, from Proto-Tupian *apɨk.
Cognate with Guaraní guapy.

inh+

Apykápe ogûapyk.


pererek

form perereka (noun)
Causative
momererek
-ba'e
i pererekyba'e
-sab
-saba
pererekaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pererek (active)
i pererek (active)
oré pererek (active)
îandé pererek (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pererek (active)
ta nde pererek (active)
t'i pererek (active)
t'oré pererek (active)
t'îandé pererek (active)
ta pe pererek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe perereki (active)
na nde perereki (active)
n'i perereki (active)
n'oré perereki (active)
n'îandé perereki (active)
na pe perereki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pererek umẽ (active)
pe pererek umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pererek umẽ (active)
ta nde pererek umẽ (active)
t'i pererek umẽ (active)
t'oré pererek umẽ (active)
t'îandé pererek umẽ (active)
ta pe pererek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pererekamo (gerund)
nde pererekamo (gerund)
o pererekamo (gerund)
oré pererekamo (gerund)
îandé pererekamo (gerund)
pe pererekamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe perereke'ymamo (gerund)
nde perereke'ymamo (gerund)
o perereke'ymamo (gerund)
oré perereke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé perereke'ymamo (gerund)
pe perereke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
perereka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
perereke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe perereki (infinitive)
i perereki (infinitive)
oré perereki (infinitive)
îandé perereki (infinitive)
xe perereke'ymi (infinitive)
i perereke'ymi (infinitive)
oré perereke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé perereke'ymi (infinitive)


pererek

head

pererek (first-person singular active indicative apererek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aperereki, noun perereka)

apererek (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aperereki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
perereka (noun)
Causative
momererek
Causative-comitative
eropererek
-ba'e
opererekyba'e
-sab
-saba
pererekaba
-sar
-sara
pererekara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apererek (active)
erepererek (active)
opererek (active)
oropererek (active)
îapererek (active)
pepererek (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apererek (active)
t'erepererek (active)
t'opererek (active)
t'oropererek (active)
t'îapererek (active)
ta pepererek (active)
Imperative (active)
epererek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aperereki (active)
n'ereperereki (active)
n'operereki (active)
n'oroperereki (active)
n'îaperereki (active)
na peperereki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apererek umẽ (active)
t'erepererek umẽ (active)
t'opererek umẽ (active)
t'oropererek umẽ (active)
t'îapererek umẽ (active)
ta pepererek umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epererek umẽ (active)
pepererek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiperereka (gerund)
eperereka (gerund)
operereka (gerund)
oroperereka (gerund)
îaperereka (gerund)
peperereka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiperereke'yma (gerund)
eperereke'yma (gerund)
operereke'yma (gerund)
oroperereke'yma (gerund)
îaperereke'yma (gerund)
peperereke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
perereka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
perereke'yma (infinitive)
xe perereki (infinitive)
i perereki (infinitive)
oré perereki (infinitive)
îandé perereki (infinitive)
xe perereke'ymi (infinitive)
i perereke'ymi (infinitive)
oré perereke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé perereke'ymi (infinitive)


Ka'ioby

Portuguese: Caiobi, Caiubi


kaûã

Nheengatu: wakawã

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acauã, acuã, cauã, uacauã
→ English: acauã

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Cauã, Cauê, Kauã, Kauan, Kawan

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 234: “Oacaoam [Ûakaûã]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 233: “Chouä [Kaûã]”

Herpetotheres cachinnans
Herpetotheres cachinnans#Translingual

(North Tupi) laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans)


Pindobusu

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Pindobuçu

Captaincy of São Vicente
w:Captaincy of São Vicente

Júlio Afrânio Peixoto
w:Júlio Afrânio Peixoto

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 434.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupian village in Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy; nowadays Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


kûá

head

kûá (first-person singular active indicative akûá, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akûáî, noun kûaba)

akûá (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akûáî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kûaba (noun)

Nhoecẽbê robabo ycoay.

1622, anonymous author, “Passar à uista, ou por a par de algiia cousa”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 67; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


pirang

form piranga (noun)
Causative
mopirang
-ba'e
i pirangyba'e
-sab
-saba
pirangaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pirang (active)
i pirang (active)
oré pirang (active)
îandé pirang (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pirang (active)
ta nde pirang (active)
t'i pirang (active)
t'oré pirang (active)
t'îandé pirang (active)
ta pe pirang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pirangi (active)
na nde pirangi (active)
n'i pirangi (active)
n'oré pirangi (active)
n'îandé pirangi (active)
na pe pirangi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pirang umẽ (active)
pe pirang umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pirang umẽ (active)
ta nde pirang umẽ (active)
t'i pirang umẽ (active)
t'oré pirang umẽ (active)
t'îandé pirang umẽ (active)
ta pe pirang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pirangamo (gerund)
nde pirangamo (gerund)
o pirangamo (gerund)
oré pirangamo (gerund)
îandé pirangamo (gerund)
pe pirangamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pirange'ymamo (gerund)
nde pirange'ymamo (gerund)
o pirange'ymamo (gerund)
oré pirange'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pirange'ymamo (gerund)
pe pirange'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
piranga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pirange'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pirangi (infinitive)
i pirangi (infinitive)
oré pirangi (infinitive)
îandé pirangi (infinitive)
xe pirange'ymi (infinitive)
i pirange'ymi (infinitive)
oré pirange'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pirange'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *piraŋ.


îepotar

head

îepotar (first-person singular active indicative aîepotar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîepotari, noun îepotara)

aîepotar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîepotari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îepotara (noun)
Causative
moîepotar
Causative-comitative
eroîepotar
-ba'e
oîepotaryba'e
-sab
-saba
îepotasaba／îepotaraba
-sar
-sara
îepotasara／îepotarara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîepotar (active)
ereîepotar (active)
oîepotar (active)
oroîepotar (active)
îaîepotar (active)
peîepotar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîepotar (active)
t'ereîepotar (active)
t'oîepotar (active)
t'oroîepotar (active)
t'îaîepotar (active)
ta peîepotar (active)
Imperative (active)
eîepotar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîepotari (active)
n'ereîepotari (active)
n'oîepotari (active)
n'oroîepotari (active)
n'îaîepotari (active)
na peîepotari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîepotar umẽ (active)
t'ereîepotar umẽ (active)
t'oîepotar umẽ (active)
t'oroîepotar umẽ (active)
t'îaîepotar umẽ (active)
ta peîepotar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîepotar umẽ (active)
peîepotar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîepotá (gerund)
eîepotá (gerund)
oîepotá (gerund)
oroîepotá (gerund)
îaîepotá (gerund)
peîepotá (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîepotare'yma (gerund)
eîepotare'yma (gerund)
oîepotare'yma (gerund)
oroîepotare'yma (gerund)
îaîepotare'yma (gerund)
peîepotare'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îepotara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îepotare'yma (infinitive)
xe îepotari (infinitive)
i îepotari (infinitive)
oré îepotari (infinitive)
îandé îepotari (infinitive)
xe îepotare'ymi (infinitive)
i îepotare'ymi (infinitive)
oré îepotare'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îepotare'ymi (infinitive)

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 156:

Soon, certainly, you'll pass by the place I live, arriving.