asab

asab (first-person singular active indicative asasab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asasabi, noun asaba)

asasab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asasabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
asaba (noun)
Causative
asabukar
Causative-comitative
eroasab
Reflexive
îeasab
-ba'e
osasaba'e
emi-
emiasaba／miasaba
-pyr
-pyra
sasabypyra
-sab
-saba
asapaba
-sar
-sara
asapara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asasab (active)
eresasab (active)
osasab (active)
orosasab (active)
îasasab (active)
pesasab (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asasab (active)
t'eresasab (active)
t'osasab (active)
t'orosasab (active)
t'îasasab (active)
ta pesasab (active)
Imperative (active)
esasab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asasabi (active)
n'eresasabi (active)
n'osasabi (active)
n'orosasabi (active)
n'îasasabi (active)
na pesasabi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asasab umẽ (active)
t'eresasab umẽ (active)
t'osasab umẽ (active)
t'orosasab umẽ (active)
t'îasasab umẽ (active)
ta pesasab umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esasab umẽ (active)
pesasab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
asaba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
asabe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rasapa (gerund)
nde rasapa (gerund)
sasapa (gerund)
oré rasapa (gerund)
îandé rasapa (gerund)
pe rasapa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rasabe'yma (gerund)
nde rasabe'yma (gerund)
sasabe'yma (gerund)
oré rasabe'yma (gerund)
îandé rasabe'yma (gerund)
pe rasabe'yma (gerund)
xe rasabi (gerund)
sasabi (gerund)
oré rasabi (gerund)
îandé rasabi (gerund)
xe rasabe'ymi (gerund)
sasabe'ymi (gerund)
oré rasabe'ymi (gerund)
îandé rasabe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: sasá


upixûara

head

upixûara (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tupixûara, R1 rupixûara, R2 supixûara)

→ Portuguese: tupuxuara

→ New Latin: Tupuxuara


kûatiara

→ Portuguese: Catiara

Nheengatu: kwatiára


ãî

ãî (IIa class pluriform, R1 rãî, R2 sãî, noun form ãîa)


ãîa

ãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tãîa, R1 rãîa, R2 sãîa)

Nheengatu: anha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tãj, from Proto-Tupian *jãj.
Cognate with Guaraní tãi.

tooth (hard structure present in the mouth of many animals)

tooth (sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement)


ãnha

ãnha (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tãnha, R1 rãnha, R2 sãnha)


aûsub

aûsub (first-person singular active indicative asaûsub, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asaûsubi, noun aûsuba)

asaûsub (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asaûsubi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
aûsuba (noun)
Causative
aûsubukar
Causative-comitative
eroaûsub
Reflexive
îeaûsub
-ba'e
osaûsuba'e
emi-
emiaûsuba／miaûsuba
-pyr
-pyra
saûsubypyra
-sab
-saba
aûsupaba
-sar
-sara
aûsupara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asaûsub (active)
eresaûsub (active)
osaûsub (active)
orosaûsub (active)
îasaûsub (active)
pesaûsub (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asaûsub (active)
t'eresaûsub (active)
t'osaûsub (active)
t'orosaûsub (active)
t'îasaûsub (active)
ta pesaûsub (active)
Imperative (active)
esaûsub (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asaûsubi (active)
n'eresaûsubi (active)
n'osaûsubi (active)
n'orosaûsubi (active)
n'îasaûsubi (active)
na pesaûsubi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asaûsub umẽ (active)
t'eresaûsub umẽ (active)
t'osaûsub umẽ (active)
t'orosaûsub umẽ (active)
t'îasaûsub umẽ (active)
ta pesaûsub umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esaûsub umẽ (active)
pesaûsub umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
aûsuba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
aûsube'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe raûsupa (gerund)
nde raûsupa (gerund)
saûsupa (gerund)
oré raûsupa (gerund)
îandé raûsupa (gerund)
pe raûsupa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe raûsube'yma (gerund)
nde raûsube'yma (gerund)
saûsube'yma (gerund)
oré raûsube'yma (gerund)
îandé raûsube'yma (gerund)
pe raûsube'yma (gerund)
xe raûsubi (gerund)
saûsubi (gerund)
oré raûsubi (gerund)
îandé raûsubi (gerund)
xe raûsube'ymi (gerund)
saûsube'ymi (gerund)
oré raûsube'ymi (gerund)
îandé raûsube'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: saisú

Caraibae ipo
noico angaipa piribi.
auye co Temimino
doguari Tupã reco,
doçauçubi, nomotibi

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, pages 64–64v, lines 207–211; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, pages 119–120:

The Christians, surely, won't be near sin. Anyway, these temiminó don't accept God's law, they don't love it, they don't respect it.


esatinga

esatinga (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tesatinga, R1 resatinga, R2 sesatinga)


pokaba

pokaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mokaba)

Nheengatu: mukawa

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta in the 16th century, from poka (“explosion”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “explosion instrument”.

af

T. — Esse non bat
F. — Coromo
T. — Neîn.
F. — Mocap[…]Mororocap[…]Mocap-coui[…]Mocap-couiourou[…]

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, pages 124–125:

T. — Name everything.
F. — Just a moment.
T. — Alright.
F. — Firearms, bombards, gunpowder, gunpowder containers.

(by extension) shot (the result of launching a projectile)


Ararusuaîa

From arara (“macaw”) + -usu (“big”) + ûaîa (“tail”).


Aparaîtykabusu

From aparaîtyk (“to knock down”) + -ab (circumstantial suffix) + -usu (augmentative suffix).


Abaosanga

From abá (“man”) + osang (“patient”) + -a.


Aîmbiré

Portuguese: Aimberê, Aimbirê

Oicobe / xepitiboanamete / xe piri mara tecoara / xe irunamo ocaibae / tubixacatu Aimbire / apiaba moangaipapara.

(Can we date this quote?), Joseph of Anchieta, Play of Saint Lawrence:

Exists / what will be my true helper, / what works alongside me, / what burns with me: / the chieftain Aimbirê, / the corrupter of the indigenous people.


Araryboîa

a male given name (son of Marakaîagûasu)


Ambu'aûasu

From ambu'a (“centipede”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix), literally “big centipede”.


Abatiposanga

From abati (“corn”) + posanga (“medicine”).


aûsuba

head

aûsuba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taûsuba, R1 raûsuba, R2 saûsuba)

love (deep caring for the existence of another)


obaîuba

Nheengatu: uaíwa

[ɔ.β̞aˈʝu.β̞a]

From obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.


'aba

Nheengatu: awa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaβ. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + aba (“hair”).
Cognate with Awetí ʔap.

surf

(of animals) fur; contour feather; plumage, when it grows on the head


agûaragûasu

→ Portuguese: aguaraçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awarawat͡su. By surface analysis, agûará + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní aguara guasu, aguarasu.

surf

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual


yku

head

yku (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyku, R1 ryku, R2 tyku)


yku

tyku (absolute)
Causative
moyku
-ba'e
tykuba'e
-sab
-saba
ykûaba／ykusaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ryku (active)
tyku (active)
oré ryku (active)
îandé ryku (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ryku (active)
ta nde ryku (active)
ta tyku (active)
t'oré ryku (active)
t'îandé ryku (active)
ta pe ryku (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rykuî (active)
na nde rykuî (active)
na tykuî (active)
n'oré rykuî (active)
n'îandé rykuî (active)
na pe rykuî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ryku umẽ (active)
pe ryku umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ryku umẽ (active)
ta nde ryku umẽ (active)
ta tyku umẽ (active)
t'oré ryku umẽ (active)
t'îandé ryku umẽ (active)
ta pe ryku umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rykuramo (gerund)
nde rykuramo (gerund)
o ykuramo (gerund)
oré rykuramo (gerund)
îandé rykuramo (gerund)
pe rykuramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rykue'ymamo (gerund)
nde rykue'ymamo (gerund)
o ykue'ymamo (gerund)
oré rykue'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rykue'ymamo (gerund)
pe rykue'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
yku (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ykue'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rykuû (infinitive)
tykuû (infinitive)
oré rykuû (infinitive)
îandé rykuû (infinitive)
xe rykue'ymi (infinitive)
tykue'ymi (infinitive)
oré rykue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rykue'ymi (infinitive)


îu'iperereka

Nheengatu: perereka

→ Portuguese: perereca

From îu'i (“frog”) + pererek (“jumper”) + -a.


putuna

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtun (“night, darkness”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní pytũ.

inh+

Tiá nde putuna


putun

form putuna (noun)
Causative
mopútun
-ba'e
i putunyba'e
-sab
-saba
putundaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe putun (active)
i putun (active)
oré putun (active)
îandé putun (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe putun (active)
ta nde putun (active)
t'i putun (active)
t'oré putun (active)
t'îandé putun (active)
ta pe putun (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe putuni (active)
na nde putuni (active)
n'i putuni (active)
n'oré putuni (active)
n'îandé putuni (active)
na pe putuni (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde putun umẽ (active)
pe putun umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe putun umẽ (active)
ta nde putun umẽ (active)
t'i putun umẽ (active)
t'oré putun umẽ (active)
t'îandé putun umẽ (active)
ta pe putun umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe putunamo (gerund)
nde putunamo (gerund)
o putunamo (gerund)
oré putunamo (gerund)
îandé putunamo (gerund)
pe putunamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe putune'ymamo (gerund)
nde putune'ymamo (gerund)
o putune'ymamo (gerund)
oré putune'ymamo (gerund)
îandé putune'ymamo (gerund)
pe putune'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
putuna (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
putune'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe putuni (infinitive)
i putuni (infinitive)
oré putuni (infinitive)
îandé putuni (infinitive)
xe putune'ymi (infinitive)
i putune'ymi (infinitive)
oré putune'ymi (infinitive)
îandé putune'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtun (“night, darkness”).
Cognate with Guaraní pytũ.

dark (having an absolute or relative lack of light)


paranãgûasu

Nheengatu: paranawasú

Portuguese: Paranaguaçu

Paranãgûasu rasapa
aîu, nde repîá potá.
Eîori, oté raûsuba!
T'e'ikatu nde kuapa
xe ruba Tupinambá!

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Trilogia” (chapter 7), in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 114, lines 50–55:

I came, crossing the ocean, wanting to see you. Come to pity us! May my father Tupinambá can meet you!

Baè baèpiã teõ çuî nheangoâbo / Guarininamoçô, paranágoâçu raçâbano.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Dialogo Quinto. Do Sacramento da Penitencia” (chapter VII), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 91:

What are, by chance, the times to fear death? / Going to war, crossing the ocean too.


'apiku'i

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔapikuʔi. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + pira (“skin”) + ku'i (“flour”).
Cognate with Guaraní apiku'i.


ku'i

Nheengatu: kuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuʔi.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ku'i.

flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)

crumb (small piece which breaks off from baked food)


tatuûasu

Nheengatu: tatuwasú

→ Portuguese: tatu-açu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuwat͡su. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -ûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Guaraní tatu guasu.


sebo'i

Nheengatu: xibuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡seβoʔi (“worm”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní evo'i and Paraguayan Guaraní sevo’i.

inh+

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 44; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech/worm, mantis shrimp!


a'ypaba

head

a'ypaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'ypaba, R1 ra'ypaba, R2 ta'ypaba)

From a'yra (“semen”) + paba (“depletion”).


îasanã

Nheengatu: yasanã

desctree

→ Portuguese: jaçanã
→ English: jacana
→ Finnish: jassana
→ Italian: jacana
→ Swedish: jaçana
→ Translingual: Jacana

Jacana jacana
Jacana jacana#Translingual


kuî

head

kuî (first-person singular active indicative akuî, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akuî, noun kuîa)

akuî (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kuîa (noun)
Causative
monguî
Causative-comitative
erokuî
-ba'e
okuîba'e
-sab
-saba
kuîtaba
-sar
-sara
kuîtara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akuî (active)
erekuî (active)
okuî (active)
orokuî (active)
îakuî (active)
pekuî (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akuî (active)
t'erekuî (active)
t'okuî (active)
t'orokuî (active)
t'îakuî (active)
ta pekuî (active)
Imperative (active)
ekuî (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akuî (active)
n'erekuî (active)
n'okuî (active)
n'orokuî (active)
n'îakuî (active)
na pekuî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akuî umẽ (active)
t'erekuî umẽ (active)
t'okuî umẽ (active)
t'orokuî umẽ (active)
t'îakuî umẽ (active)
ta pekuî umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekuî umẽ (active)
pekuî umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûikuîa (gerund)
ekuîa (gerund)
okuîa (gerund)
orokuîa (gerund)
îakuîa (gerund)
pekuîa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikuîe'yma (gerund)
ekuîe'yma (gerund)
okuîe'yma (gerund)
orokuîe'yma (gerund)
îakuîe'yma (gerund)
pekuîe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kuîa (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kuîe'yma (infinitive)
xe kuî (infinitive)
i kuî (infinitive)
oré kuî (infinitive)
îandé kuî (infinitive)
xe kuîe'ymi (infinitive)
i kuîe'ymi (infinitive)
oré kuîe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kuîe'ymi (infinitive)

⇒ Portuguese: ir para a cucuia

to fall off (to become detached or to drop from)


teîugûasu

Nheengatu: teyuwasú

desc

→ Portuguese: teiú-açu, teiú-guaçu, → teiú-gigante (calque)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tejuwat͡su. By surface analysis, teîú (“tegu”) + -gûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju guaxu.

surf

Argentine black and white tegu
Argentine black and white tegu

Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae)


teîú

Nheengatu: teyú

→ Portuguese: teiú, teju, tegu, tiú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teju.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju.

tegu (any lizard in the genera Tupinambis or Salvator)


atatinga

head

atatinga (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tatatinga, R1 ratatinga, R2 satatinga)

Nheengatu: tatatinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *atatiŋ. By surface analysis, atá (“fire”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ataxĩ and Paraguayan Guaraní tatatĩ.

surf

smoke (visible particles and vapour given off by burning material)


tipoîa

Nheengatu: tipuya

→ Portuguese: tipoia, tipói

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § I (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1291: “Tupiya [Typ[o]îa]”

(hapax) sling; baby sling (loop of cloth, worn around the neck, for supporting a baby)

Hans Staden (1557) chapter II, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Typpoy [Tipoî[a]]”

(hapax) a kind of cotton camisole worn by women


moretĩ

Nheengatu: mirití

desc

→ Portuguese: buriti, muruti, muriti, buruti, miriti, murutim (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *muriti.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mburiti.


monhang

head

monhang (first-person singular active indicative aîmonhang, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmonhangi, noun monhanga)

aîmonhang (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmonhangi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
monhanga (noun)
Causative
monhangukar
Reflexive
îemonhang
-ba'e
oîmonhangyba'e
emi-
emimonhanga／mimonhanga
-pyr
-pyra
i monhangymbyra
-sab
-saba
monhangaba
-sar
-sara
monhangara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmonhang (active)
ereîmonhang (active)
oîmonhang (active)
oroîmonhang (active)
îaîmonhang (active)
peîmonhang (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmonhang (active)
t'ereîmonhang (active)
t'oîmonhang (active)
t'oroîmonhang (active)
t'îaîmonhang (active)
ta peîmonhang (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmonhang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmonhangi (active)
n'ereîmonhangi (active)
n'oîmonhangi (active)
n'oroîmonhangi (active)
n'îaîmonhangi (active)
na peîmonhangi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmonhang umẽ (active)
t'ereîmonhang umẽ (active)
t'oîmonhang umẽ (active)
t'oroîmonhang umẽ (active)
t'îaîmonhang umẽ (active)
ta peîmonhang umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmonhang umẽ (active)
peîmonhang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
monhanga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
monhange'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe monhanga (gerund)
nde monhanga (gerund)
i monhanga (gerund)
oré monhanga (gerund)
îandé monhanga (gerund)
pe monhanga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe monhange'yma (gerund)
nde monhange'yma (gerund)
i monhange'yma (gerund)
oré monhange'yma (gerund)
îandé monhange'yma (gerund)
pe monhange'yma (gerund)
xe monhangi (gerund)
i monhangi (gerund)
oré monhangi (gerund)
îandé monhangi (gerund)
xe monhange'ymi (gerund)
i monhange'ymi (gerund)
oré monhange'ymi (gerund)
îandé monhange'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: munhã


mokõî oîoirundyk

Coined by Portuguese-Brazilian missionary Antônio de Araújo in 1618. Literally, “two four”, or more loosely translated as “two times four”.

lit

Mocôy oyòirundìc oito àra cìc-eme, T. taira oci, çuîy àrirê, iudeos ecômonhangàbo yapîra mondòc-i[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Ianuarius”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 3:

When the day eight came, after the birth of God the Son from his mother, his foreskin was cut following the Jewish law.


'yba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

inh+

mani'yba

akaîu'yba

Ocuiracô amume îbáramboera oîbaçuí îbotîramo oicóbobê: amô racó ogoaquîra pupe y cui amóracò ogoaiubirê ycui.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro nouiſsimo, que he a morte.” (chapter I), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 157v:

The fruits sometimes fall from their tree when they are still flowers, others when green and others when ripe.

shoot (emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant)


'yba

Nheengatu: iwa

'ypûã

sword handle (literally, “finger handle”)

handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


'yba

By surface analysis, 'y (“water”) + aíb (“bad”) + -a.


'yba

Coir nungâra âra pupê Chriſto recô reronheeng nheenga recê T. rerobiaçareima S. Andre Apoſtolo biâ jucao; cruZ recê ymoiâri, yyerurèçaboê omboêçâra moetêbo igbatê coti ogoètimâ moiarucari igbâ coti oâcanga.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “November”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9:

In a day like today, for keep speaking about the work of Christ, the ones that didn't believe in God killed Saint Andrew the Apostle. On the cross they nailed him as he asked, honoring his master: he ordered that his legs be nailed upwards [and] his head downwards.


'yba

(Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)


marakanãarara

Primolius maracana
Primolius maracana#Translingual


puraké

Nheengatu: puraké

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: poraquê, poroquê, puraquê

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *purake.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní porake.

inh+

Electrophorus electricus
Electrophorus electricus#Translingual

(North Tupi, hapax) electric eel (Electrophorus electricus)

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

chola guitarfish (Pseudobatos percellens)


puraké

head

puraké (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute muraké)

Nheengatu: puraké

elbow (joint between upper arm and forearm)


puraké

form puraké (noun)
Causative
momuraké
-ba'e
i purakeba'e
-sab
-saba
purakeaba／purakesaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe puraké (active)
i puraké (active)
oré puraké (active)
îandé puraké (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe puraké (active)
ta nde puraké (active)
t'i puraké (active)
t'oré puraké (active)
t'îandé puraké (active)
ta pe puraké (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe purakéî (active)
na nde purakéî (active)
n'i purakéî (active)
n'oré purakéî (active)
n'îandé purakéî (active)
na pe purakéî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde puraké umẽ (active)
pe puraké umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe puraké umẽ (active)
ta nde puraké umẽ (active)
t'i puraké umẽ (active)
t'oré puraké umẽ (active)
t'îandé puraké umẽ (active)
ta pe puraké umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe purakéramo (gerund)
nde purakéramo (gerund)
o purakéramo (gerund)
oré purakéramo (gerund)
îandé purakéramo (gerund)
pe purakéramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe purakee'ymamo (gerund)
nde purakee'ymamo (gerund)
o purakee'ymamo (gerund)
oré purakee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé purakee'ymamo (gerund)
pe purakee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
puraké (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
purakee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe purakéû (infinitive)
i purakéû (infinitive)
oré purakéû (infinitive)
îandé purakéû (infinitive)
xe purakee'ymi (infinitive)
i purakee'ymi (infinitive)
oré purakee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé purakee'ymi (infinitive)

Coordinate term: nhe'engyrygûan

Xenheengpuraquê.

1622, anonymous author, “Refalçado ser nas palauras”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 99; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


ybyrapytanga

→ Portuguese: ibirapitanga, >? arabutã

[ɨ.β̞ɨˌɾa.pɨˈtã.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨrapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, ybyrá (“tree”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní yvyrapytã.


nhanduabiîu

→ Portuguese: nhanduabiju

From nhandu (“spider”) + abiîu (“fluff”).

whip scorpion (any arachnid in the order Thelyphonida)


kurusá

Nheengatu: kurusá

Borrowed from Portuguese cruz.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní kurusu.

O ati'yba ri kurusá osupi.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 122:


pinda'yba

From pindá (“fishhook”) + 'yba (“tree, shaft”)


pinda'yba

desc

→ Portuguese: pindaíba, pindaíva, pindaúva


aîurueté

Brazilian Portuguese: → ajuruetê, → papagaio-verdadeiro (calque)

a‧îu‧ru‧e‧té

From aîuru (“amazon parrot”) + eté (“true”).

Amazona aestiva
Amazona aestiva#Translingual

turquoise-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva)


aîuru

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ajuru


'ara

'ara pukuî

day (time when the Sun is above the horizon and it lights the sky)

sun; daylight (light and warmth received from the sun)

air (substance constituting Earth's atmosphere)


Rerityba

→ Portuguese: Reritiba

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, from reri (“oyster”) + tyba (“gathering”).

coin

Rerityba, xe retama,
tabangaturãngatu!
Xe anama xe mboú
Tupã sy repîakarama.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Trilogia”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 112, lines 17–20:

Rerityba, my land, a very prosperous village. My family made me come and see the mother of God.

(now historical) A former Tupian village in Espírito Santo, Brazil, which originated nowadays Anchieta.


aîká

dolphin (carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea)


Iperu'y

→ Portuguese: Iperoig

(now historical) A former Tupian village in the São Vicente captaincy, Brazil, which originated nowadays Ubatuba.


tapuîa

head

tapuîa (possessable, female equivalent tapuîpera)

→ Portuguese: tapuia


tapuîa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiɨj.

inh+

shack (crude, roughly built hut or cabin)


tabaîara

→ Portuguese: tabajara

From taba (“village”) + îara (“lord”). Piecewise doublet of tabyîara.

Tabajara, indigenous people that live in Northeastern Brazil


îara

Nheengatu: yara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jar, from Proto-Tupian *iwat.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ja and Paraguayan Guaraní jára.

Ndeirũnámo yande jàra recou.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Ave Maria”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 14:

lord; lady (ruler, one having mastery over others)


u'uba

head

u'uba (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute u'uba, R1 ru'uba, R2 su'uba)

Nheengatu: uíwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uʔyP, from Proto-Tupian *ə-ꝁɯP.
Cognate with Guaraní hu'y.

arrow (projectile that is shot from a bow)


emirekoeté

emirekoeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekoeté, R1 remirekoeté, R2 semirekoeté)

From emirekó (“wife”) + eté (“true, legitimate, authentic, genuine”), literally “legitimate wife, true wife”.

affix

Clara, y xè Gonçalo orogoàr xeremirecò etéramo Sancta Madre Igreja de Roma tecômonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 134:

Clara, I Gonçalo take you as my legitimate wife, according to the regulations of the Holy Mother Church of Rome.

(Late Tupi) legitimate wife, with whom someone got married in the church

the most esteemed or beloved woman, often the last one taken


mo'em

head

mo'em (2nd class, first-person singular active indicative xe remo'em, first-person singular negative active indicative na xe remo'emi, noun mo'ema)

xe remo'em (active first-person indicative singular)
na xe remo'emi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mo'ema (noun)

Xerèmoem aipo guiyábo ereimãpe nde nheenga recoâbôca?[…]Nde remoempe nde nhemõbegoápe nde angaipába moanga?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IX, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 108:

Have you ever said "I lied saying that", modifying your words? […] Did you lie during your confession, concealing your sins?

1999, in Hans Staden movie

You are Portuguese. And you lie when you say "I'm French"!

"Peró endé. Nde remo'em 'Maíra ixé' e'îabo!"


emirekó

emirekó (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekó, R1 remirekó, R2 semirekó)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, emi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

Xeremirecô, eré pe abà çupè aipô nheeng poxi recè nde roríbamo?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 105:

You called someone "my wife", becoming happy because of those rotten words?


emirekó

P. Gonçalo nderemirecò potâpe Clara recè?
A. Xeremirecô potâ cecè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 133v:

— Gonçalo, do you want to have Clara as your wife?
— I want to have her as my wife.


karukasy

From karuka (“afternoon, evening”) + asy (“pain”), literally “afternoon pain, evening pain”.


karukasy

Ché-carouc-aſſi[…]

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 138:

Ndeiteê oyoepiácaûpa ocarucacîramo.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro noviſsimo, que he a morte” (chapter I), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 156:

It's no wonder they miss each other, becoming sad.

(...) cunhã (...) omẽbíra reõneme oyaceô erecô pucû, putuna yabiõ onhemoingotebémo ocarûcacíramo, xemembîrimma oyâbo, coriteĩ aibetè erecanhé xe çuî oyabo amanõipô coribe xemembira raquipoerine oyâbo cepiacaúba çuine, oyâbo (...)

(...) women (...) when their children die, remain in long mourning, every night distressing themselves, becoming sad, saying "oh, my little son", saying "in a moment you disappeared from me", saying "I will die resolutely today, after my son", saying "so as not to miss him" (...)


karukasy

Xecarucacig. (rece(.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 113; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


akûãîa

head

akûãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute takûãîa, R1 rakûãîa, R2 sakûãîa)

Nheengatu: akunha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akʷãj. By surface analysis, akó (“groin, crotch”) + ãîa (“tooth”) or akó + ûaîa (“tail”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní akuãĩ.

surface analysis

Erepokókpe nde rakuãia resé eñemoaguyrōmo?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum Mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 90, line 13:

Have you touched your penis arousing yourself?


xe pó, xe py, abá pó, i py

[ʃɛˈpɔ ʃɛˈpɨ aˈβa ˈpɔ iˈpɨ]

Coined by Portuguese-Brazilian missionary Antônio de Araújo in 1618. Literally, “my hands, my feet, someone's hands, their feet”.

lit

Xe pô, xepi, abâ pô, y pi, ara o membira ragoera coabirè, S. Maria o membira IeSVS reraçou T. oc-ipe T. tùbape y coabeenga, iudeos recomonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Februarius”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 3v:

Forty days after the birth of her son, Saint Mary took her son Jesus to the synagogue to present him to God the Father, following the Jewish law.


mboîpeba

Nheengatu: buya-pewa

desc

Portuguese: → boipeva, boipeba, goipeba, pepeua, pepeva, → cobra-chata (calque)

From mboîa (“snake”) + peb (“flat”) + -a. The snake flattens its body when threatened.


tatupeba

→ Portuguese: tatupeba

From tatu (“armadillo”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.

six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus)


tatueté

Nheengatu: tatueté

Brazilian Portuguese: → tatuetê, → tatu-verdadeiro (calque)

nine-banded armadillo
nine-banded armadillo

Dasypus novemcinctus
Dasypus novemcinctus#Translingual

nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)


kesaba

Nheengatu: kisawa

From ker (“to sleep”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “sleeping place”.

af

Eyotĩ de queçába, xeporupî.

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 44:

perch (rod used used as a roost by birds)


tatu'i

Nheengatu: tatuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuʔi. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -'i (dimminutive suffix).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tatu'i

surf

Dasypus septemcinctus
Dasypus septemcinctus#Translingual

seven-banded armadillo (Dasypus septemcinctus)


tatugûaxima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuxima

greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay)


gûamaîakugûará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: baiacu-ará


tatuapara

Nheengatu: tatú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuapara

From tatu (“armadillo”) + apar (“curved”) + -a.

af

Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes trincinctus)


taturama

Possibly from tatu (“armadillo”) + ram (“future”) + -a, because the outside of their nest is similar to an armadillo shell.

warrior wasp (any wasp in the genus Synoeca)


eirapu'a

Nheengatu: irapuã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: irapuá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirapuʔa. By surface analysis, eíra (“bee”) + apu'a (“round”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní eirapu'a.


tataeíra

Nheengatu: tatá-ira

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → tataíra, → abelha-de-fogo (calque)

From tatá (“fire”) + eíra (“bee”), referring to its painful bite.


ysaúba

Nheengatu: usaíwa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saúva, saúba


ysá

Nheengatu: isá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: içá


aîxó

head

aîxó (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîxó, R1 raîxó, R2 taîxó)


eîmbaba

eîmbaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teîmbaba, R1 reîmbaba, R2 seîmbaba)

[…]xéreimbâba tapiîra

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 14v:


potigûara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: potiguar, potiguara

Named after chieftain Potigûara, from potĩ (“shrimp”) + gûara (“eater”).

Potiguara, a Tupian people from Northeast Brazil

1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

The ones that fought us, the evil men Potiguara, all died in Serinha'ẽ. Everyone that helped the evil men sadly died in battle yesterday. The ones that fought alongside the evil men, for their own disgrace, have all died by our hands. Today their lives were not spared. Why this, if they are the true inhabitants of this land?


akypûeri

head

akypûeri (pluriform, R1 rakypûeri, R2 sakypûeri)

Nd'osóîpe i boîá amõ sakypûeri?

A. de Araújo, Catecismo na Lingoa Brasílica no qual se contem a summa da doctrina Christã. Com tudo o que pertence aos Mysterios de nossa sancta Fé & bõs custumes, 55

It wasn't one of your disciples after him?

behind; in pursuit of; after, in the wake of


mimbaba

Nheengatu: mimbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mumbavo

Kó 'ara îamoeté Tupãetéramo o ekó pupé apyabetéramo Cristo o sy suí i 'aragûera. Onhemoarûabo mba’eîare’yma îabé, ybyrá itá monhangymbyra kupépe so’o mimbaba roka ogûar gupabamo. Semiuru rupápe i xy i nongi. Ybakygûana onhemoputupab i nhemomoreaûsuba repîaka. 'Ara i pîasaba îekuakupaba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “25. Natiuitas Dòmini. G. I.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9v:

On this day, we honor the birth of Christ from his mother as the true God. Becoming humble as the poor, behind a stone-made fence, he took the livestock animal's house as his lodging. His mother put him in their manger. Heaven's inhabitants were astonished seeing he humiliating himself. Day of obligation and fasting.


embi'u

embi'u (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tembi'u, R1 rembi'u, R2 sembi'u)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *emiʔu. By surface analysis, emi- (passive marker) + 'u (“to eat”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tembi'u.

surf

A Juneſche been ermi vramme

1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXI, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Orê remiu
Ara yabiõ ndoâra
Eimeeng cori orebe.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do ſinal da Sancta Cruz, & mais oraçoens” (chapter I), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, Padre noſso, page 13v:


eî

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ej (“to wash”), from Proto-Tupian *ej (“to wash”).

inh+

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 172; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

He, my lord Jesus, with his blood washed me.


kabobaîuba

From kaba (“wasp”) + obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

af

bee of the species Melipona (Michmelia) rufiventris


îate'i

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jataí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jateʔi.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní jate'i.

inh+

narrow stingless bee (Tetragonisca angustula)


'ekatu

head

'ekatu (1st class, first-person singular active indicative a'ekatu, first-person singular negative active indicative na'ekatuî, noun 'ekatu)

a'ekatu (active first-person indicative singular)
na'ekatuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'ekatu (noun)

"T'e'ikatu nde kuapa xe ruba Tupinambá!"

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN:


îasuk

îasuk (first-person singular active indicative aîasuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîasuki, noun îasuka)

aîasuk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîasuki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
îasuka (noun)
Causative
moîasuk
Causative-comitative
eroîasuk
-ba'e
oîasukyba'e
-sab
-saba
îasukaba
-sar
-sara
îasukara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîasuk (active)
ereîasuk (active)
oîasuk (active)
oroîasuk (active)
îaîasuk (active)
peîasuk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîasuk (active)
t'ereîasuk (active)
t'oîasuk (active)
t'oroîasuk (active)
t'îaîasuk (active)
ta peîasuk (active)
Imperative (active)
eîasuk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîasuki (active)
n'ereîasuki (active)
n'oîasuki (active)
n'oroîasuki (active)
n'îaîasuki (active)
na peîasuki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîasuk umẽ (active)
t'ereîasuk umẽ (active)
t'oîasuk umẽ (active)
t'oroîasuk umẽ (active)
t'îaîasuk umẽ (active)
ta peîasuk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîasuk umẽ (active)
peîasuk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiîasuka (gerund)
eîasuka (gerund)
oîasuka (gerund)
oroîasuka (gerund)
îaîasuka (gerund)
peîasuka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiîasuke'yma (gerund)
eîasuke'yma (gerund)
oîasuke'yma (gerund)
oroîasuke'yma (gerund)
îaîasuke'yma (gerund)
peîasuke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îasuka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îasuke'yma (infinitive)
xe îasuki (infinitive)
i îasuki (infinitive)
oré îasuki (infinitive)
îandé îasuki (infinitive)
xe îasuke'ymi (infinitive)
i îasuke'ymi (infinitive)
oré îasuke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îasuke'ymi (infinitive)

Coordinate term: eî


mbiaûsuba

mbiaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mbiaûsuba, R1 rembiaûsuba, R2 sembiaûsuba, R3 o embiaûsuba)


emiaûsuba

emiaûsuba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temiaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba)


miaûsuba

miaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba, R3 o emiaûsuba)

From emi- (passive deverbal preffix) + aûsub (“to love”) + -a.

af

Marã oicobotepe, / Ace Anhãga rẽbiauçubamo cecou?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 26v:

But acting in what way, being the people Devil's loved one?


miaûsuba

Nheengatu: emiasúa, imiasú, miasúa

1645 October 4, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Antônio Paraupaba (Camarão Indians' letters; 2), page 1:

These whites are always, as you are well aware, wanting us as their own slaves.


'ybarema

From 'ybá (“fruit”) + rem (“stinky”) + -a.


apysyk

form apysyka (noun)
Causative
moapysyk
-ba'e
i apysykyba'e
-sab
-saba
apysykaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe apysyk (active)
i apysyk (active)
oré apysyk (active)
îandé apysyk (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe apysyk (active)
ta nde apysyk (active)
t'i apysyk (active)
t'oré apysyk (active)
t'îandé apysyk (active)
ta pe apysyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe apysyki (active)
na nde apysyki (active)
n'i apysyki (active)
n'oré apysyki (active)
n'îandé apysyki (active)
na pe apysyki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde apysyk umẽ (active)
pe apysyk umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe apysyk umẽ (active)
ta nde apysyk umẽ (active)
t'i apysyk umẽ (active)
t'oré apysyk umẽ (active)
t'îandé apysyk umẽ (active)
ta pe apysyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe apysykamo (gerund)
nde apysykamo (gerund)
o apysykamo (gerund)
oré apysykamo (gerund)
îandé apysykamo (gerund)
pe apysykamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
nde apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
o apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
oré apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
pe apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apysyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apysyke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe apysyki (infinitive)
i apysyki (infinitive)
oré apysyki (infinitive)
îandé apysyki (infinitive)
xe apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
i apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé apysyke'ymi (infinitive)

Back-formation from apysyka (“satisfaction”).

back-formation

Xe apysyk-katu sekoápe


apysyk

head

apysyk (2nd class, first-person singular active indicative xe apysyk, first-person singular negative active indicative na xe apysyki, noun apysyka)

xe apysyk (active first-person indicative singular)
na xe apysyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
apysyka (noun)
Causative
moapysyk
-ba'e
i apysykyba'e
-sab
-saba
apysykaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe apysyk (active)
i apysyk (active)
oré apysyk (active)
îandé apysyk (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe apysyk (active)
ta nde apysyk (active)
t'i apysyk (active)
t'oré apysyk (active)
t'îandé apysyk (active)
ta pe apysyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe apysyki (active)
na nde apysyki (active)
n'i apysyki (active)
n'oré apysyki (active)
n'îandé apysyki (active)
na pe apysyki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde apysyk umẽ (active)
pe apysyk umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe apysyk umẽ (active)
ta nde apysyk umẽ (active)
t'i apysyk umẽ (active)
t'oré apysyk umẽ (active)
t'îandé apysyk umẽ (active)
ta pe apysyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe apysykamo (gerund)
nde apysykamo (gerund)
o apysykamo (gerund)
oré apysykamo (gerund)
îandé apysykamo (gerund)
pe apysykamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
nde apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
o apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
oré apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
pe apysyke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apysyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apysyke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe apysyki (infinitive)
i apysyki (infinitive)
oré apysyki (infinitive)
îandé apysyki (infinitive)
xe apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
i apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré apysyke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé apysyke'ymi (infinitive)

Nd'i apysyki xûépemo serobîasara o py'ape nhote serobiá?

J. F. Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa na Língua Portugueza e Brasilica, 33

Wouldn't it be enough for the believer to believe in them and their heart alone?


karaibebé

Nheengatu: karaiwewé

[ka.ɾaˌi.β̞ɛˈβ̞ɛ]

Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century, from karaíba (“Christian”) + bebé (“flying”).

Peyôri apiàbetà
Oyepé tiay moêté
Yandé caraîbèbê

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 6:

Come, men. We shall honor in unisson our angel.

Pe îabi'õ Pa'i Tupã karaibebé moingóû. A'e pe mopyatã; a'e kó pe sumarã pe 'anga suí i mondóû.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 50; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

For each one of you, Lord God has charged an angel. He makes you strong; he shoos away your enemies from your souls.


taîasu

taîasu (unpossessable, female equivalent taîasukunhã)

Nheengatu: tayasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: taiaçu

desc

→ Translingual: Tayassu, Pecari tajacu (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tajat͡ʃu.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tajaxu.

inh+

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 212.jpg

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

white-lipped peccary
white-lipped peccary

Tayassu pecari
Tayassu pecari#Translingual

(Late Tupi, hapax) white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 152:

But you, chickens and pigs are plentiful.

Tajaçu remiuru.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 76; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)


taîasu

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


kupu'y

desctree

Nheengatu: kupuí, kupuaí (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: cupuí

(North Tupi) plant of the species Theobroma subincanum


mboîoby

→ Brazilian Portuguese: boiobi, boiubu

[ᵐbɔ.jɔˈβ̞ɨ]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mojoβɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní mbói hovy.

inh+

Lichtenstein's green racer (Philodryas olfersii)


îe-

Nheengatu: yu-

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *je-, from Proto-Tupian *we-.
Cognate with Guaraní je-.

— Marãpe nd'erenhemimi? Ereîpotápe nde 'u?
— Akaîgûá! Marãpe xe ri erepûá? Aîemĩngatu kó gûitupa...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 32; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Why don't you hide? Do you want that he eats you?
— Ouch! Why do you hit me? I hide myself well lying here...

Tupã nheengabíreme Anhãga çupe ereye meeng-ete, cemiauçûbamo enhemoingôbo, çauçûpanhe, ymoétébonhe Tûpã nde monhãgára, nde pícıroána reroírômo, ymoété éima: Tupã nde rauçûba çuí eyepeábo

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes da Abſoluição” (chapter 13), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 112v:

When you transgress the word of God, you truly give yourself to the Devil, behaving as his slave, loving him in vain, honoring him in vain, detesting God your creator, your savior, not honoring him, distancing yourself from God's love for you.

Ayemonhâng[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 35:


sûasuapara

Nheengatu: suasú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçuapara

From sûasu (“deer”) + apar (“bent”) + -a.

a species of South American deer with big antlers. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


sûasupytanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃupɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu pytã.


sûasuarana

Nheengatu: suasuarana

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçurana, Suassurana

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

marakaîá

bixana, *îagûatyryka, marakaîaeté, marakaîagûasu, marakaîamimbaba, marakaîamirĩ


sûasutinga

Nheengatu: suasú-tinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçutinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu tĩ.


îagûapytanga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaguapitanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.

surf

Lycalopex vetulus
Lycalopex vetulus#Translingual


miaratakaka

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaritataca, maritacaca

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 44; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech, mantis shrimp!

striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus)


îagûapopeba

From îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pó (“hand”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.
Possibly cognate with Guaraní jagua pe.

af

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1318: “Iaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 251: “jagoarapeba [îagûarapeba]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Lagartos”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 91; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 209, line 2353: “Jaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

anonymous author (1622) “Lontra”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 24: “Iagoapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”


sarigûeîa

head

sarigûeîa (unpossessable, male equivalent taîyby)

Nheengatu: sariwé

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saruê, saiguê, sarigueia

Meronym: ambeaîó (“marsupium”)

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica?
Andira ruâpee.
Panama, coipo guaiquica?
enero, cururu açica?
eri, carigueya e.
Ejori
baenẽ baepoxi
bora, miaratacaca
ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij
auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled toad? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

female large American opossum (any mammal in the genus Didelphis)


ambeaîó

head

ambeaîó (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tambeaîó, R1 rambeaîó, R2 sambeaîó)

Holonym: sarigûeîa


îaku

Nheengatu: yakú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaku, from Proto-Tupian *waku.
Cognate with Guaraní jaku.

typical guan (any bird in the genus Penelope)


Îagûaruna

I kaûĩgûasupipó xe ramũîa Îagûaruna? Ene'ĩ! T'asabeypó! Erĩ! Aûîeté p'akó, aîegûak ûinhemoúna...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 60; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

By the way, does my grandpa Îagûaruna have much cauim? Come on, I'm gonna get drunk! Wait! Actually, I must adorn myself with black paint...


îagûaruna

Nheengatu: yawaruna

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Jaguaruna

From îagûara (“jaguar”) + un (“black”) + -a.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

black panther (melanistic colour variant of the jaguar (Panthera onca))


îupará

Nheengatu: yupará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jupará


petyma

Nheengatu: pitima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: petima

→ French: pétun

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *pe
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi petyma
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm, from Proto-Tupian *pe.
Cognate with Guaraní petỹ.

inh+

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 148; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Did you bring your tobacco? / — Here. But my fire went out. / — No problem. You there, go bring it in hiding; steal it from around here. / Here I am! My master, I flew. Here is the fire I went after. / — Yes, Tatapytera shall sit here, you there, Moroupîarûera here.

tobacco (any plant in the genus Nicotiana)


bebuî

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *βeβuj (“light”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní vevúi.

floaty (tending to float on a liquid or rise in air or a gas)

(figurative) frivolous (of little weight or importance)


bebuî

head

bebuî (first-person singular active indicative abebuî, first-person singular negative active indicative n'abebuî, noun bebuîa)

abebuî (active first-person indicative singular)
n'abebuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
bebuîa (noun)

Nheengatu: wiwí

→⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: bubuiar

to float (to be supported by a fluid of greater density)


marãpe nde rera

[maˈɾã.pɛ ⁿdɛ ˈɾɛ.ɾa]

— Marãpe nde rera?
— Xe rera Pindobusu.
— What is your name?
— My name is Pindobusu.

MARABINDERERE

c. 1540, Jehan Lamy, Le langaige du Bresil (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), page 53, line 22:

Mara-pé-deréré?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 341:


-pûer

kangûera


-ram

M. Abà çupepcacè yerureo, / Oete maraneima õ ama recê / O anga recocaturama recebe?
D. Tûpá çupè.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Livro 1 […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 23:

To whom should people pray, for both their bodies' future incorruption and their souls' future well-being? / To God.


abápe nde

— Abápe nde?
— Pindobusu.
— Who are you?
— Pindobusu.

— Abápe nde?
 — Saraûaîa, aîuruîubupîarûera.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 46, lines 494–495; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Who are you? — Saraûaîa, an old enemy of the French.


Îandé Îara

Nheengatu: Yané Yara

Calque of Portuguese Nosso Senhor.
Compare Guaraní Ñandejára.

Nde reriyarabê eimõgetâ igbac-igoâra catûpabê abè: peimonhirom Tupã yande jara y xêbo, eyâ, taxe reraço corî oangaturama recèm xerecè ogeõ agoêra recêbè, yxe ogoerobiararecê, oyoêcê xeyerobiâara recêbê goripâpe, eyâ.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Ordem que ſe guarda no dar da Sancta Vnção” (chapter VII), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, pages 141v–142:

The bearer of Thy name also prays, the multitude that inhabits the skies too, saying: “make Our Lord God pardon me” and “may He take me with Him today, because of His goodness, because of His belief on me as well as my belief on Him, to His Heaven.”

Yarîbo omanomo yande jara / Yande repîmeongaggoera recê, / Anhanga rata çui / Yande picîrõ recebè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do ſinal da Sacta Cruz” (chapter II), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 21:

Over it Our Lord died to redeem us, as well as to save us from Hell.


tiá nde ko'ema

It could also be interpreted as t'îandé ko'em. French orthography of Old Tupi is inconsistent.


tiá nde putuna

It could also be interpreted as t'îandé putun. French orthography of Old Tupi is inconsistent.


tiá nde karuka

It could also be interpreted as t'îandé karuk. French orthography of Old Tupi is inconsistent.


kereîûá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: crejoá

D. Aob querêjuâ coaracî çocé / Oberabae nungara, T. remimotara rupî / Acê moingoçára.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Da criação do mundo, dos Anjos, & ſua cahida” (chapter II), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 37v:

D. Like banded cotinga clothes that shine more than the sun, that make us be in accordance with God's will.


reîa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi reîa
Borrowed from Portuguese rei (“king”).

etymon

Orirẏ nde iucare / tupã çumarã reya / eiori ore requÿa / toroico nde ipipenhe / ore çumarã mõdia

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 124, lines 1476–1480; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

They tremble after killing you, the kings enemy to God. Come to rapture us, so we can be at your side, and frighten our enemies.

monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy; king or queen)

royalty (rank, status, power or authority of a monarch)


mongaraû

head

mongaraû (first-person singular active indicative aîmongaraû, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmongaraûî, noun mongaraûa)

aîmongaraû (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmongaraûî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mongaraûa (noun)
Causative
mongaraûukar
Reflexive
îemongaraû
-ba'e
oîmongaraûba'e
emi-
emimongaraûa／mimongaraûa
-pyr
-pyra
i mongaraûpyra
-sab
-saba
mongaraûsaba
-sar
-sara
mongaraûsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmongaraû (active)
ereîmongaraû (active)
oîmongaraû (active)
oroîmongaraû (active)
îaîmongaraû (active)
peîmongaraû (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraû (active)
t'ereîmongaraû (active)
t'oîmongaraû (active)
t'oroîmongaraû (active)
t'îaîmongaraû (active)
ta peîmongaraû (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmongaraû (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmongaraûi (active)
n'ereîmongaraûi (active)
n'oîmongaraûi (active)
n'oroîmongaraûi (active)
n'îaîmongaraûi (active)
na peîmongaraûi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraû umẽ (active)
t'ereîmongaraû umẽ (active)
t'oîmongaraû umẽ (active)
t'oroîmongaraû umẽ (active)
t'îaîmongaraû umẽ (active)
ta peîmongaraû umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmongaraû umẽ (active)
peîmongaraû umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mongaraûa (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mongaraûe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mongaraûa (gerund)
nde mongaraûa (gerund)
i mongaraûa (gerund)
oré mongaraûa (gerund)
îandé mongaraûa (gerund)
pe mongaraûa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
nde mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
i mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
oré mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
îandé mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
pe mongaraûe'yma (gerund)
xe mongaraû (gerund)
i mongaraû (gerund)
oré mongaraû (gerund)
îandé mongaraû (gerund)
xe mongaraûe'ymi (gerund)
i mongaraûe'ymi (gerund)
oré mongaraûe'ymi (gerund)
îandé mongaraûe'ymi (gerund)

Xepigmõgarao ybigra.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 97; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Ajepigmongarao.

coromôymóngaràu.

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter IX, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 39v:

Ajepig mõgarao

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 132; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Aiepo mongarao.


ubixaba

ubixaba (IIa class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 subixaba)

ubixaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 tubixaba)

Nheengatu: uixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuxaua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní uvixa.

inh+

chief; leader (head of a group of people, organisation, etc.)

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)


pororoka

Nheengatu: pururuka


pororoka

Nheengatu: pururuka

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pororoca
→ English: pororoca
→ German: Pororoca
→ Italian: pororoca
→ Spanish: pororoca


endy

head

endy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rendy, R2 sendy, noun form endy)

form endy (noun)
Causative
moendy
-ba'e
sendyba'e
-sab
-saba
endŷaba／endysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rendy (active)
sendy (active)
oré rendy (active)
îandé rendy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rendy (active)
ta nde rendy (active)
ta sendy (active)
t'oré rendy (active)
t'îandé rendy (active)
ta pe rendy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rendyî (active)
na nde rendyî (active)
na sendyî (active)
n'oré rendyî (active)
n'îandé rendyî (active)
na pe rendyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rendy umẽ (active)
pe rendy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rendy umẽ (active)
ta nde rendy umẽ (active)
ta sendy umẽ (active)
t'oré rendy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rendy umẽ (active)
ta pe rendy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rendyramo (gerund)
nde rendyramo (gerund)
o endyramo (gerund)
oré rendyramo (gerund)
îandé rendyramo (gerund)
pe rendyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rendye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rendye'ymamo (gerund)
o endye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rendye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rendye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rendye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
endy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
endye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rendyû (infinitive)
sendyû (infinitive)
oré rendyû (infinitive)
îandé rendyû (infinitive)
xe rendye'ymi (infinitive)
sendye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rendye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rendye'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *en-tɨ, from Proto-Tupian *enɨ. By surface analysis, ena (“mouth”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní endyry.


endy

head

endy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tendy, R1 rendy, R2 sendy)


endy

endy (first-person singular active indicative asendy, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asendyî, noun endy)

asendy (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asendyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
endy (noun)
Causative
endyukar
Causative-comitative
eroendy
Reflexive
îendy
-ba'e
osendyba'e
emi-
emiendy／miendy
-pyr
-pyra
sendypyra
-sab
-saba
endŷaba／endysaba
-sar
-sara
endŷara／endysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asendy (active)
eresendy (active)
osendy (active)
orosendy (active)
îasendy (active)
pesendy (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asendy (active)
t'eresendy (active)
t'osendy (active)
t'orosendy (active)
t'îasendy (active)
ta pesendy (active)
Imperative (active)
esendy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asendyî (active)
n'eresendyî (active)
n'osendyî (active)
n'orosendyî (active)
n'îasendyî (active)
na pesendyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asendy umẽ (active)
t'eresendy umẽ (active)
t'osendy umẽ (active)
t'orosendy umẽ (active)
t'îasendy umẽ (active)
ta pesendy umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esendy umẽ (active)
pesendy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
endy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
endye'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rendŷabo (gerund)
nde rendŷabo (gerund)
sendŷabo (gerund)
oré rendŷabo (gerund)
îandé rendŷabo (gerund)
pe rendŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rendye'yma (gerund)
nde rendye'yma (gerund)
sendye'yma (gerund)
oré rendye'yma (gerund)
îandé rendye'yma (gerund)
pe rendye'yma (gerund)
xe rendyû (gerund)
sendyû (gerund)
oré rendyû (gerund)
îandé rendyû (gerund)
xe rendye'ymi (gerund)
sendye'ymi (gerund)
oré rendye'ymi (gerund)
îandé rendye'ymi (gerund)

to spit (to evacuate saliva from the mouth)


endy

Coordinate term: berab


endy

Nheengatu: endí

Coordinate term: beraba

tataendy

shine (brightness from a source of light)


'ybagûasu

desctree

Nheengatu: babasú, iwawasá, wawasú (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: babaçu
→ English: babassu
→ French: babaçu, babassu
→ Italian: babaco

[ɨˌβ̞a.ɡʷaˈsu]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ
Proto-Tupian *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa
Old Tupi 'ybá
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi 'ybagûasu
From 'ybá (“fruit”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Vua ouaſſouran[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “tpw”, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 222v:

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual

(Late Tupi) citron fruit (Citrus medica)


mãîa

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Borrowed from Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

suffix

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


atîama

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Guaraní atiã.


nhe'engerekoara

[ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛ.ɾɛˌkɔˈa.ɾa]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ
Old Tupi nhe'eng
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'enga
Old Tupi erekó
Proto-Tupian *-at
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ar
Old Tupi -sar
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'engerekoara
From nhe'enga (“language”) + erekó (“to have”) + -ar (deverbalizer suffix) + -a, literally “language haver”.

af

Abarê nheengerecoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Lingoa, o q. disso serue a outro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 22; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) interpreter (person who converts spoken language in real time)


aruanã

Nheengatu: arawanã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aruanã, aruaná

(North Tupi, hapax) silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)


tupinikĩ

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupiniquim
→ English: Tupiniquim

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests Tupi + ekyî + -a.

Tacejane moxirõ / taçone paratijpe / Tupinaquija reigpe / amo amo taijbõ
Xete cori reritipe

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Na Aldeia de Guaraparim]” (chapter LXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Guarapari, page 156v, column 1, lines 727–731; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 297:

— I shall leave the evil one at least. I will go to the Parati river, to the Tupiniquim band, to hit some of them with arrows.
— Unlike you, today I go to Rerytiba.

Xeparatij çui
aiu tupãci repiaca
guinhemoyegoayegoaka
xeroribaõamari.
Cori catu xe ibija
Jporangatu rece
çoriba xe yabe
xeruba tupuna quija.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXXI, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 31, column 1, lines 1–8; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 70:

From the Parati river I come to see God's mother, adorning myself for my coming happiness. Very happy is my core with Her great beauty. He's happy, like me, my Tupiniquim father.


embé

head

embé (IIa class pluriform, R1 rembé, R2 sembé, noun form embé)

form embé (noun)
Causative
moembé
-ba'e
sembeba'e
-sab
-saba
embeaba／embesaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rembé (active)
sembé (active)
oré rembé (active)
îandé rembé (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rembé (active)
ta nde rembé (active)
ta sembé (active)
t'oré rembé (active)
t'îandé rembé (active)
ta pe rembé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rembéî (active)
na nde rembéî (active)
na sembéî (active)
n'oré rembéî (active)
n'îandé rembéî (active)
na pe rembéî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rembé umẽ (active)
pe rembé umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rembé umẽ (active)
ta nde rembé umẽ (active)
ta sembé umẽ (active)
t'oré rembé umẽ (active)
t'îandé rembé umẽ (active)
ta pe rembé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rembéramo (gerund)
nde rembéramo (gerund)
o embéramo (gerund)
oré rembéramo (gerund)
îandé rembéramo (gerund)
pe rembéramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rembee'ymamo (gerund)
nde rembee'ymamo (gerund)
o embee'ymamo (gerund)
oré rembee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rembee'ymamo (gerund)
pe rembee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
embé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
embee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rembéû (infinitive)
sembéû (infinitive)
oré rembéû (infinitive)
îandé rembéû (infinitive)
xe rembee'ymi (infinitive)
sembee'ymi (infinitive)
oré rembee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rembee'ymi (infinitive)

Xerembeguaçu.

1622, anonymous author, “Beissudo ser”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 54; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


embé

embé (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tembé, R1 rembé, R2 sembé)

Nheengatu: embé

Coordinate term: apûã (“upper lip”)

labium inferius oris
labium inferius oris

(strictly) labium inferius oris; lower lip

(figurative) border (outer edge of something)


pirapu'ã

Cognate with Guaraní pirapuã. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + pu'am (“standing”).

surf

whale (any large marine mammal in infraorder Cetacea)


eŷmbaba

head

eŷmbaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teŷmbaba, R1 reŷmbaba, R2 seŷmbaba)

Nheengatu: imbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: xerimbabo

[ɛɨ̯ˈᵐba.β̞a]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eɨmaβ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ymba.

inh+

Ceigmbaba reco biaramo amo aimeeng yxupe.

1622, anonymous author, “Restituir o mesmo q. se tomou in specie tm. como hũa galinha por outra, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 103; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

In exchange for their livestock, I gave them another one.

eŷmbaba îagûara
dog
(literally, “pet jaguar”)


tuîuîu

Nheengatu: tuyuyú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuiuiú

Ciconia maguari
Ciconia maguari#Translingual


nhandugûasu

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → nandu-guaçu, → nandu-grande (calque)

Cognate with Guaraní ñandu guasu. By surface analysis, nhandu (“rhea”) + -gûasu (“big”).

surf

Rhea americana
Rhea americana#Translingual

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae


nhandugûasu

By surface analysis, nhandu (“spider”) + -gûasu (“big”).

tarantula (any spider of the family Theraphosidae)


pyapasaba

head

pyapasaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute myapasaba)

From py (“foot”) + apar (“to bend”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “foot-bending tool”.

af

Aipigapaça mondeb.

1622, anonymous author, “Calçar assi a outrem”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 63; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


Paranaûasu

Nheengatu: Paranawasú

(LGA) Amazon (a river in northern South America)


kabatã

Nheengatu: kawantá, kawatã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cabatã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, kaba (“wasp”) + atã (“brave”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kavytã.

surf

(hapax) red paper wasp (Polistes canadensis)


kasîana

Borrowed from Portuguese castelhano. It could also be a direct borrowing from Spanish, as Spaniards were present to some extent in 16th century Brazil and Anchieta himself was a native speaker of it.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 74; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:


arasari

Nheengatu: arasarí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araçari
→ English: aracari, araçari

black-necked aracari (Pteroglossus aracari)


putu'u

Nheengatu: mituú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtuʔu. By surface analysis, putu (“breath”) + 'u (“to eat”). Cognate with Guaraní pytu'u.


putu'u

head

putu'u (first-person singular active indicative aputu'u, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aputu'uî, noun putu'u)

aputu'u (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aputu'uî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
putu'u (noun)


sabaru

Nheengatu: saurú


kurumĩ

desctree

Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, curumi

From kunumĩ, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.


ypeka

Nheengatu: ipeka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨpek, from Proto-Tupian *ɨpekʲ.

duck (any aquatic bird of the family Anatidae)

Cairina moschata
Cairina moschata#Translingual

(strictly) Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)


gûyrasapukaîa

From gûyrá (“bird”) + sapukaî (“to scream”) + -a.

af

(Late Tupi) rooster; hen (Gallus gallus domesticus)


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: sapucaia
→ English: sapucaia, sapucaya

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡sapukaj.


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya

(LGA, LGP) rooster; hen (Gallus gallus domesticus)


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya


'yporu

From 'y (“water”) + poru (“man-eater”). Cognate with Guaraní yporu.

Moropotâra recè Pay Tûpã opab erimbaè ibí pôra apîâba, cunhã abè igporû popè ymocanhemi, Anhanga ratâpe ceitîca, auyerâmanhe. Oitonhõ onheenga rupí tecoára oporômonhang baeráma raucûbâ, igporû çupe ymonhã canhemucãreîma.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 106v:

Because of lust, the lord God once all the inhabitants of the earth, men, women as well, with a flood destroyed them, casting them into the fire of the Devil forever, having compassion only on eight who lived according to his own word and who would bear children, not letting the flood destroy them.


nhe-

Ereîcuacûpe, nde angaipába amõ abarè çuî, cenotiâmonhe¿/ ſe diſſer que ſim./ […] Ereyabí etè Tûpã nheenga ndeangaipâba cuacûpa Anhãga çupè enhemeeng-etêbo: teûmè ang-iré emonã eicôbo.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Preguntas gèraes pera o principio da Confiſsão” (chapter 1), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 97v:

Did you hide your sins from some priest, being ashamed of them, indeed? / If he says yes: […] You greatly transgress the word of God when you hide your sins, truly yielding yourself to the Devil. Beware henceforth of acting in this manner.

peimo agime mara monhagape oreguaçebaba çupe Coartel nhemeega peimoagime apiabaiba oreçui pepigçiro Ixupenho Coartel nhemeẽgi

1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

Don't think that in war to those we encounter quarter is given [that is, that captives are not killed]. Don't think that evil men save you from us. To them only quarter is given.


mbyryki

desctree

→ Portuguese: muriqui, buriqui
→ English: muriqui

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XV, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Briki [Mbyryki]”

André Thevet (1575) chapter XVII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d’André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 951v: “Muriphguy [Byrygûi]”

Fernão Cardim (1583–1590) untitled (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Adolfo de Varnhagen, editor, Narrativa epistolar de uma viagem e missão jesuitica, Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 1847, page 98: “Buriqui [Mbyryki]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Bogios”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 115, line 1114: “beriquis [beryki]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bogio não tem genero”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 56: “Bîriggui [Byrygûi]”

muriqui (any monkey of the genus Brachyteles)


Mbyrykioka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Bertioga

From mbyryki (“muriqui”) + oka (“house”).

The mouth of the Bertioga channel and its surroundings, next to the São João da Bertioga fort, in São Vicente captaincy, Brazil, where nowadays Bertioga city is located.


îanypaba

Nheengatu: yenipawa

→ Portuguese: jenipapo
→ English: genipap

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *janɨpaβ.
Cognate with Guaraní ñandypa.

inh+

Aimonguigjanigpaba rece.

1622, anonymous author, “Tingir com janipapo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 128; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


îakurutu

Nheengatu: yakurutú

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacurutu, jucurutu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ñakurutũ.

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXVI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 233: “Jucurutú [Îukurutu]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos passaros q' andaõ de noite”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 56; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 141, line 1465: “Jacuritu [Îakurutu]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bufo, passaro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 60: “Jacurutû [Îakurutu]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter V (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 199: “Iacvrvtv [Îakurutu]”

South American great horned owl (Bubo virginianus nacurutu)


pysyrõ

head

pysyrõ (first-person singular active indicative aîpysyrõ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîpysyrõî, noun pysyrõ)

aîpysyrõ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîpysyrõî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
pysyrõ (noun)
Causative
pysyrõukar
Causative-comitative
eropysyrõ
Reflexive
îepysyrõ
-ba'e
oîpysyrõba'e
emi-
emipysyrõ／mipysyrõ
-pyr
-pyra
i pysyrõpyra
-sab
-saba
pysyrõsaba
-sar
-sara
pysyrõana／pysyrõsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîpysyrõ (active)
ereîpysyrõ (active)
oîpysyrõ (active)
oroîpysyrõ (active)
îaîpysyrõ (active)
peîpysyrõ (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîpysyrõ (active)
t'ereîpysyrõ (active)
t'oîpysyrõ (active)
t'oroîpysyrõ (active)
t'îaîpysyrõ (active)
ta peîpysyrõ (active)
Imperative (active)
eîpysyrõ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîpysyrõî (active)
n'ereîpysyrõî (active)
n'oîpysyrõî (active)
n'oroîpysyrõî (active)
n'îaîpysyrõî (active)
na peîpysyrõî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
t'ereîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
t'oîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
t'oroîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
t'îaîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
ta peîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
peîpysyrõ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pysyrõ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pysyrõe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pysyrõmo (gerund)
nde pysyrõmo (gerund)
i pysyrõmo (gerund)
oré pysyrõmo (gerund)
îandé pysyrõmo (gerund)
pe pysyrõmo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
nde pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
i pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
oré pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
îandé pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
pe pysyrõe'yma (gerund)
xe pysyrõû (gerund)
i pysyrõû (gerund)
oré pysyrõû (gerund)
îandé pysyrõû (gerund)
xe pysyrõe'ymi (gerund)
i pysyrõe'ymi (gerund)
oré pysyrõe'ymi (gerund)
îandé pysyrõe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: pisirú

TEçãy yapupê côâra yaimoêtê. S.Anna ociriguêpê S. Maria nhemonhangagoêra recê yandê maenduaramo. Yanga, cetêpupê ymondêpabê T. ypeâo, ypiciroũ tecô angaipabipi Adão yandê nongâba çui. Deiteê opoxieimamo oangaturàmeteramo: T. taira ciramo oicò yanondê.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9:

With joy, this day we honor, remembering that from the womb of Saint Anne her mother Saint Mary was born. As soon as he placed her soul in her body, God removed her and freed her from the original sin to which Adam subjected us. It is no wonder that she had no malice, being very kind, before being the mother of God the Son.

Ta sory îandé ra'yra Tupã o pysyrõsápe! Gûaîxará t'osó tatápe!

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 58; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

May our children rejoice for God saving them. Let Guaixará go to the fire!


bixana

bixana (?, female equivalent bixanakunhã)

desc

from alternative form <i class="Latn mention" lang="tpw">pixana</i>

Nheengatu: pixana (from alternative form pixana)


marakaîagûasu

Nheengatu: marakayawasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: maracajá-açu

From marakaîá (“wild cat”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual


susuarana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suçuarana


susurana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suçurana


arerãîa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ariranha

Pteronura brasiliensis
Pteronura brasiliensis#Translingual


muruanha

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: beruanha, meruanha, muruanha

Navarro derives it from meru (“fly”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a, but the E>U change is unexplained. Possibly an alternative form *mberuanha existed, as seen in the Portuguese borrowing beruanha, but wasn't recorded.

(hapax, Late Tupi) stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)


asukiri

Nheengatu: asukirí


torypaba

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


mamõpe eresó

[mãˈmɔ̃.pɛ ɛ.ɾɛˈsɔ]

Mamo peresso?

1864, Yves d'Évreux, “De la consanguinité, qui est parmy ces Sauuages” (chapter 23), in Voyage dans le Nord du Brésil fait durant les années 1613 et 1614 par le Père Yves d'Évreux, page 96:


Anhanga retama

From Anhanga (“Devil”) + retama (“land”), literally “land of the Devil”.
Compare Guaraní añaretã.

af

yanga oso ognanga retam

1586, André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, in Le grand Insulaire et pilotage d'André THEVET, Angoumoisin, cosmographe du Roy, dans lequel sont contenus plusieurs plants d'isles habitées et deshabitées et description d'icelles, page 253:


tupãrorypaba

From Tupã (“God”) + rorypaba (“place of happiness”).

Arobia ychegnuam pupé catou toupan rorupape ycaraïcatouäe gognugnangaue

I believe deeply in my heart that in paradise those who are truly virtuous gather together.

Emonanamo pemendârirè peteûme pemendàragoêra rerecômemoammo, peîcôcatu, tecó catú repenhãdàpe peicôbo: igbacupe Tupã roripápe, pereõroirè, peçòyanondè.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes do recebimento & bençoens” (chapter 5), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n269/mode/1up Livro Setimo da ordem de baptizar, […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 133v:

Therefore, after your marriage, be careful not to mistreat the one you married. Live well, behaving to embrace virtue, before going to heaven, to paradise, after your deaths.


orypaba

head

orypaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute torypaba, R1 rorypaba, R2 sorypaba)

From oryb (“happy”) + -sab (circumstantial suffix) + -a (nominal suffix), literally “place of happiness”.

affix

M. Doimoacijpe amo onheengaîbagoêra, y yaorè?
D. Oimoacî, ye catuâba cotí oicob aè ndeiteè oâpixâra cacàpa cepîca
M. Aèpe yandejâra çupê marã eỹ?
D. Nde maenduar xerecè nde rorîpape nde recô roirè, ey?
M. Mara ey pe yandejàra ynheeng obaixoa?
D. Cori ereicô xe roripape xe pirine, ey.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do que paſsou na Cruz” (chapter 10), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n137/mode/1up Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 62v–63:

M. Did anyone regret their own evil words, after insulting him?
D. The one who was on his right regretted. It is no wonder he rebuked his fellow, making reparations.
M. And to Our Lord, what did he say?
D. He said: "Remember me after you are in paradise".
M. What did Our Lord say in response to his words?
D. He said: "Today you will be in paradise with me".

(Christianity, Late Tupi) paradise (when possessor is God)


takûare'ẽ

From takûara (“bamboo”) + e'ẽ (“sweet”).

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

(Late Tupi) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)


anhõ

Nheengatu: anhũ

De Rory Maria toupan oico de irumnamo de agnonnian ereico imombeou gatoupiramo cogna ſuy aë aué de ſuy oſenuaë puera Jeſus. Santa Maria toupan ſu eieruré demembouira ſupé tigburon oréue, ore memoan angaï paua ſupé. Emona né toico Jeſus.

Be happy, Mary, God is with you. You alone, indeed, are the one who is blessed among women, and also he who arose from you, Jesus. Holy Mary, mother of God, pray to your son so that he may forgive us and our sinful rudeness. So be it, Jesus.

M. Aepe omano?
D. Omano.
M. Na tupã ruã tepe aê?
D. Tûpã.
M. Aepe Tûpã omanó?
D. Nã y tupã ruã omanó. Cetè cemiiâroera anhô omano.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Da ſagrada Payxão” (chapter 6), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n104/mode/1up Livro Segundo do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 43–43v:

M. And did he die?
D. He died.
M. But wasn't he God?
D. He was God.
M. And did God die?
D. It wasn't his divinity that died. Only the body he had taken died.

M. MArã eipe amo aè acè recomonhãgaba?
D. Eimoete nde ruba, deci abe, ey.
M. Ogúba anhope abâ oça pia aypobae mopô potâ?
D. Nogubanhoruã, ogubixâba abê, tabà rerecoara acè oçapiâ.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do quarto Mandamento” (chapter 5), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n164/mode/1up Livro Quarto do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 68v:

M. What does the other commandment of the people say?
D. It says: "Honor your father, your mother as well".
M. Does one obey just their own father, wanting to fulfill this?
D. It is not just their own father. The people also obey their own leader, the village chief.

M. Mbäépe Tupã oimonháng iandé rubypy remirecó retéramo?
D. Iarucanga anhó.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Da creaçaõ do primeiro homem” (chapter 3), in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 48:

M. What did God transform in the body of the wife of our first father?
D. Only his rib.


ory

head

ory (IIa class pluriform, R1 rory, R2 sory, noun form oryba)

Derori
tiniçemumã caõy

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 26; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:


oryb

oryb (IIa class pluriform, R1 roryb, R2 soryb, noun form oryba)

M. Mamope Pilatos ceraçoucari aereme?
D. Morobixâba Galilea amo igbi rerecoara Herodes ceribae çupe.
M. Coricatu cerã erimbae Herodes IESV repiaca?
D. Coricatû, coecenheimbê cepiapota tenheroirê.
M. Maranamope çoribamo?
D. Oimonhang ipô corí milagre amô, mbaè Yabaibaè moabaibeîma Xerobaquenereâ oyâbo.
M. Oimonhãgpe yande jara amo çobaquè?
D. Noimonhang-i; naxe rerobiâ potaruã moxi recou xe milagre repiaca potâ, oyabo

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Paſſo de Pilatos, & Herodes” (chapter 6), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n137/mode/1up Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 58v:

M. Where did Pilate have him taken then?
D. To the chief guardian of a certain land Galilee, named Herod.
M. Was Herod happy to see Jesus?
D. He was quite happy, after wanting to see him in vain for a long time.
M. Why was he happy?
D. Because he thought: "He might perform a miracle today, making an easy thing out of a difficult one, before me".
M. Did Our Lord perform any before him?
D. He did not, because he thought: "Not wanting to believe in me, the cursed ones want to see my miracles".

Cheroreuuë


akokûesekûesé

day before the day before yesterday
day before the day before yesterday


akokûesé

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


mamõ suípe ereîur

Mamo souï pereiou?

where do you come from
where do you come from


mamõpe ereîkobé

[mãˈmɔ̃.pɛ ɛ.ɾɛj.kɔˈβɛ]


mamõpe ereîkó

[mãˈmɔ̃.pɛ ɛ.ɾɛjˈkɔ]


manõ

manõ (first-person singular active indicative amanõ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'amanõî, noun e'õ)

amanõ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'amanõî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
e'õ (noun)

Nheengatu: manú


arukanga

Nheengatu: arukanga


nhũ

Nheengatu: nhũ

M. Umãmepe Tupã aipó iandé rubypy retérâma monhânghi?
D. Nhum Damaſceno ceríbäé pupé.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Da creaçaõ do primeiro homem” (chapter 3), in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 47:

M. Where did God make what would become the body of this our first father?
D. In a field called Damascene.


umbyk

*umbyk (IIa class pluriform, R1 *rumbyk, R2 *sumbyk, noun form *umbyka)

form *umbyka (noun)
Causative
moumbyk
-ba'e
sumbykyba'e
-sab
-saba
umbykaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rumbyk (active)
sumbyk (active)
oré rumbyk (active)
îandé rumbyk (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rumbyk (active)
ta nde rumbyk (active)
ta sumbyk (active)
t'oré rumbyk (active)
t'îandé rumbyk (active)
ta pe rumbyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rumbyki (active)
na nde rumbyki (active)
na sumbyki (active)
n'oré rumbyki (active)
n'îandé rumbyki (active)
na pe rumbyki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rumbyk umẽ (active)
pe rumbyk umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rumbyk umẽ (active)
ta nde rumbyk umẽ (active)
ta sumbyk umẽ (active)
t'oré rumbyk umẽ (active)
t'îandé rumbyk umẽ (active)
ta pe rumbyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rumbykamo (gerund)
nde rumbykamo (gerund)
o umbykamo (gerund)
oré rumbykamo (gerund)
îandé rumbykamo (gerund)
pe rumbykamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rumbyke'ymamo (gerund)
nde rumbyke'ymamo (gerund)
o umbyke'ymamo (gerund)
oré rumbyke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rumbyke'ymamo (gerund)
pe rumbyke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
umbyka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
umbyke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rumbyki (infinitive)
sumbyki (infinitive)
oré rumbyki (infinitive)
îandé rumbyki (infinitive)
xe rumbyke'ymi (infinitive)
sumbyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré rumbyke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rumbyke'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: sumbika


umã

Derori
tiniçemumã caõy


ynysem

ynysem (IIb class pluriform, R1 rynysem, R2 tynysem, noun form ynysema)

Nheengatu: teresemu

[ɨ̃.nɨ̃.ˈsɛ̃m]

AVe Maria
Graça rece tinĩ címbae.
Ndeirũnámo yande iàra recou;
Ymombeû catu pîramo
Ereicò cunhã çuî
Ymombeû catû pîrabê
Nde membîra IESVS;
Sancta Maria Tupã cĩ
E Tupã mong-etâ,
Orê yangai pàbaê recê,
Côir, irã,
Orê yequi-i
Orê rúmebêno.
Amen IESV.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do ſinal da Sancta Cruz, & mais oraçoens” (chapter 1), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 13v–14:

Hail Mary, the one who is full of grace, Our Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women. Blessed also is your son Jesus. Holy Mary, mother of God, pray to God for us who are sinners now and in the future when we are dying. Amen, Jesus.

to be full, replete, abundant [with esé]

Derori
tiniçemumã caõy


kûesé

Nheengatu: kwesé