y

head

y (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ty, R1 ry, R2 ty)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of ty.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).

inh+

juice, while it's still inside the fruit


y

head

y (IIb class pluriform, R1 ry, R2 ty, noun form y)


y

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“river”), from Proto-Tupian *it͡ʃˀɨ (“river”).
Cognate with Awetí hɨ (“river”) and Sateré-Mawé ihɨ (“river”).


me'ẽ

head

me'ẽ (first-person singular active indicative aîme'ẽ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîme'ẽî, noun me'enga)

aîme'ẽ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîme'ẽî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
me'enga (noun)

(São Vicente) Alternative form of me'eng


me'eng

me'eng (first-person singular active indicative aîme'eng, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîme'engi, noun me'enga)

aîme'eng (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîme'engi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
me'enga (noun)
Causative
me'engukar
Causative-comitative
erome'eng
Reflexive
îeme'eng
-ba'e
oîme'engyba'e
emi-
emime'enga／mime'enga
-pyr
-pyra
i me'engymbyra
-sab
-saba
me'engaba
-sar
-sara
me'engara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîme'eng (active)
ereîme'eng (active)
oîme'eng (active)
oroîme'eng (active)
îaîme'eng (active)
peîme'eng (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîme'eng (active)
t'ereîme'eng (active)
t'oîme'eng (active)
t'oroîme'eng (active)
t'îaîme'eng (active)
ta peîme'eng (active)
Imperative (active)
eîme'eng (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîme'engi (active)
n'ereîme'engi (active)
n'oîme'engi (active)
n'oroîme'engi (active)
n'îaîme'engi (active)
na peîme'engi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîme'eng umẽ (active)
t'ereîme'eng umẽ (active)
t'oîme'eng umẽ (active)
t'oroîme'eng umẽ (active)
t'îaîme'eng umẽ (active)
ta peîme'eng umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîme'eng umẽ (active)
peîme'eng umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
me'enga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
me'enge'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe me'enga (gerund)
nde me'enga (gerund)
i me'enga (gerund)
oré me'enga (gerund)
îandé me'enga (gerund)
pe me'enga (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe me'enge'yma (gerund)
nde me'enge'yma (gerund)
i me'enge'yma (gerund)
oré me'enge'yma (gerund)
îandé me'enge'yma (gerund)
pe me'enge'yma (gerund)
xe me'engi (gerund)
i me'engi (gerund)
oré me'engi (gerund)
îandé me'engi (gerund)
xe me'enge'ymi (gerund)
i me'enge'ymi (gerund)
oré me'enge'ymi (gerund)
îandé me'enge'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: meẽ

to give (transfer the possession of something to someone else)


ten

Ten a'é.

I am firm. (literally, “I make a "ten" sound.”)

Ten aîmo'e.

I firm it up. (literally, “I make it make a "ten" sound.”)

(used with the verb e) to be firm, fixed, or snug (literally, “to make a "ten" sound”)


i

i (2nd class, 3rd person singular and plural, 1st class equivalent a'e)

Nheengatu: i

Gûyrá i porang

Aîkutuk


tutyra

brother of one's mother (maternal uncle)


amana

Nheengatu: amana

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aman, from Proto-Tupian *aman.
Cognate with Guaraní ama. Unrelated to Japanese 雨 (ame).


amỹîa

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa, female equivalent aryîa)

I kaûĩgûasupipó xe ramũîa Îagûaruna? Ene'ĩ! T'asabeypó! Erĩ! Aûîeté p'akó, aîegûak ûinhemoúna...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 60; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

By the way, does my grandpa Îagûaruna have much cauim? Come on, I'm gonna get drunk! Wait! Actually, I must adorn myself with black paint...

Ereyoiaipe, ereyaópe, ereyangaópe nde ruba, de cî, nde ramuya, nde ariya?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Preguntas ſobre o Quuarto Mandamento” (chapter V), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 100v, line 7:

Have you befooled, dishonoured, vituperated your father, your mother, your grandfather, your grandmother?


amỹîa

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

Coordinate term: sy (“mother”)

paternal uncle (brother of one's father)

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) godfather (man present at the christening of a baby)


uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“thigh”), from Proto-Tupian *kʔɨp (“leg”).
Cognate with Guaraní uvã.


sy

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy


sy

form sy (noun)
Causative
mondy
-ba'e
i xyba'e
-sab
-saba
sŷaba／sysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe sy (active)
i xy (active)
oré sy (active)
îandé sy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe sy (active)
ta nde sy (active)
t'i xy (active)
t'oré sy (active)
t'îandé sy (active)
ta pe sy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe syî (active)
na nde syî (active)
n'i xyî (active)
n'oré syî (active)
n'îandé syî (active)
na pe syî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde sy umẽ (active)
pe sy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe sy umẽ (active)
ta nde sy umẽ (active)
t'i xy umẽ (active)
t'oré sy umẽ (active)
t'îandé sy umẽ (active)
ta pe sy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe syramo (gerund)
nde syramo (gerund)
o syramo (gerund)
oré syramo (gerund)
îandé syramo (gerund)
pe syramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe sye'ymamo (gerund)
nde sye'ymamo (gerund)
o sye'ymamo (gerund)
oré sye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé sye'ymamo (gerund)
pe sye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe syû (infinitive)
i xyû (infinitive)
oré syû (infinitive)
îandé syû (infinitive)
xe sye'ymi (infinitive)
i xye'ymi (infinitive)
oré sye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé sye'ymi (infinitive)


er

head

er (IIa class pluriform, R1 rer, R2 ser, noun form era)


ran

form rana (noun)
Causative
moran
-ba'e
i ranyba'e
-sab
-saba
randaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ran (active)
i ran (active)
oré ran (active)
îandé ran (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ran (active)
ta nde ran (active)
t'i ran (active)
t'oré ran (active)
t'îandé ran (active)
ta pe ran (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rani (active)
na nde rani (active)
n'i rani (active)
n'oré rani (active)
n'îandé rani (active)
na pe rani (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ran umẽ (active)
pe ran umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ran umẽ (active)
ta nde ran umẽ (active)
t'i ran umẽ (active)
t'oré ran umẽ (active)
t'îandé ran umẽ (active)
ta pe ran umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe ranamo (gerund)
nde ranamo (gerund)
o ranamo (gerund)
oré ranamo (gerund)
îandé ranamo (gerund)
pe ranamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rane'ymamo (gerund)
nde rane'ymamo (gerund)
o rane'ymamo (gerund)
oré rane'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rane'ymamo (gerund)
pe rane'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
rana (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
rane'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rani (infinitive)
i rani (infinitive)
oré rani (infinitive)
îandé rani (infinitive)
xe rane'ymi (infinitive)
i rane'ymi (infinitive)
oré rane'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rane'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ran, from Proto-Tupian *ran.


era

head

era (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tera, R1 rera, R2 sera)

Nheengatu: era

→⇒ Portuguese: xará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teT, from Proto-Tupian *jeT.
Cognate with Guaraní téra.


ram

form rama (noun)
Causative
moram
-ba'e
i ramyba'e
-sab
-saba
rambaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ram (active)
i ram (active)
oré ram (active)
îandé ram (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ram (active)
ta nde ram (active)
t'i ram (active)
t'oré ram (active)
t'îandé ram (active)
ta pe ram (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rami (active)
na nde rami (active)
n'i rami (active)
n'oré rami (active)
n'îandé rami (active)
na pe rami (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ram umẽ (active)
pe ram umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ram umẽ (active)
ta nde ram umẽ (active)
t'i ram umẽ (active)
t'oré ram umẽ (active)
t'îandé ram umẽ (active)
ta pe ram umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe ramamo (gerund)
nde ramamo (gerund)
o ramamo (gerund)
oré ramamo (gerund)
îandé ramamo (gerund)
pe ramamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rame'ymamo (gerund)
nde rame'ymamo (gerund)
o rame'ymamo (gerund)
oré rame'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rame'ymamo (gerund)
pe rame'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
rama (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
rame'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rami (infinitive)
i rami (infinitive)
oré rami (infinitive)
îandé rami (infinitive)
xe rame'ymi (infinitive)
i rame'ymi (infinitive)
oré rame'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rame'ymi (infinitive)

⇒ Nheengatu: arama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ram.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -rã.

[…]xerâm, nderâm, yrâm.

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, Da formição dos Præteritos, & Futuros dos nomes, page 33v:

I shall be, you shall be, they shall be.


un

un (IIa class pluriform, R1 run, R2 sun, noun form una)

form una (noun)
Causative
moún
-ba'e
i unyba'e
-sab
-saba
undaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe un (active)
i un (active)
oré un (active)
îandé un (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe un (active)
ta nde un (active)
t'i un (active)
t'oré un (active)
t'îandé un (active)
ta pe un (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe uni (active)
na nde uni (active)
n'i uni (active)
n'oré uni (active)
n'îandé uni (active)
na pe uni (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde un umẽ (active)
pe un umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe un umẽ (active)
ta nde un umẽ (active)
t'i un umẽ (active)
t'oré un umẽ (active)
t'îandé un umẽ (active)
ta pe un umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe unamo (gerund)
nde unamo (gerund)
o unamo (gerund)
oré unamo (gerund)
îandé unamo (gerund)
pe unamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe une'ymamo (gerund)
nde une'ymamo (gerund)
o une'ymamo (gerund)
oré une'ymamo (gerund)
îandé une'ymamo (gerund)
pe une'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
una (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
une'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe uni (infinitive)
i uni (infinitive)
oré uni (infinitive)
îandé uni (infinitive)
xe une'ymi (infinitive)
i une'ymi (infinitive)
oré une'ymi (infinitive)
îandé une'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *un (“black, dark”).
Cognate with Guaraní hũ.


ne

Nérúbamo xerecóu

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 41v:


pe

head

pe (2nd class, 2nd person plural, dative peẽme／peẽmo, 1st class equivalent peẽ)

Coordinate term: (with 1st person object) peîepé

Coordinate term: (with 1st person subject) opo-

(with 2nd or 3rd person subject) objective of peẽ


kana

Nheengatu: kana

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese cana, from Old Galician-Portuguese cana, from Latin canna, borrowed from Ancient Greek κᾰ́ννᾱ (kánnā), borrowed from Akkadian qanûm.

etymon

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

(LGA) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)


nem

form nema (noun)
Causative
monem
-ba'e
i nemyba'e
-sab
-saba
nembaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe nem (active)
i nem (active)
oré nem (active)
îandé nem (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe nem (active)
ta nde nem (active)
t'i nem (active)
t'oré nem (active)
t'îandé nem (active)
ta pe nem (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe nemi (active)
na nde nemi (active)
n'i nemi (active)
n'oré nemi (active)
n'îandé nemi (active)
na pe nemi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde nem umẽ (active)
pe nem umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe nem umẽ (active)
ta nde nem umẽ (active)
t'i nem umẽ (active)
t'oré nem umẽ (active)
t'îandé nem umẽ (active)
ta pe nem umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe nemamo (gerund)
nde nemamo (gerund)
o nemamo (gerund)
oré nemamo (gerund)
îandé nemamo (gerund)
pe nemamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe neme'ymamo (gerund)
nde neme'ymamo (gerund)
o neme'ymamo (gerund)
oré neme'ymamo (gerund)
îandé neme'ymamo (gerund)
pe neme'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
nema (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
neme'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe nemi (infinitive)
i nemi (infinitive)
oré nemi (infinitive)
îandé nemi (infinitive)
xe neme'ymi (infinitive)
i neme'ymi (infinitive)
oré neme'ymi (infinitive)
îandé neme'ymi (infinitive)

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *nem, from Proto-Tupian *nem.


ty

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of y.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


py

head

py (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mby)

Nheengatu: pí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨ, *mbɨ, from Proto-Tupian *pɨ, *mbɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní py.


py

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨ, from Proto-Tupian *pɨ.


py

py (first-person singular active indicative aîopy, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîopyî, noun py)

aîopy (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîopyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
py (noun)
Causative
pyukar
Causative-comitative
eropy
Reflexive
îepy
-ba'e
oîopyba'e
emi-
emimy／mimy
-pyr
-pyra
i pypyra
-sab
-saba
pŷaba／pysaba
-sar
-sara
pŷara／pysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîopy (active)
ereîopy (active)
oîopy (active)
oroîopy (active)
îaîopy (active)
peîopy (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîopy (active)
t'ereîopy (active)
t'oîopy (active)
t'oroîopy (active)
t'îaîopy (active)
ta peîopy (active)
Imperative (active)
eîopy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîopyî (active)
n'ereîopyî (active)
n'oîopyî (active)
n'oroîopyî (active)
n'îaîopyî (active)
na peîopyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîopy umẽ (active)
t'ereîopy umẽ (active)
t'oîopy umẽ (active)
t'oroîopy umẽ (active)
t'îaîopy umẽ (active)
ta peîopy umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîopy umẽ (active)
peîopy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
py (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pye'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pŷabo (gerund)
nde pŷabo (gerund)
i pŷabo (gerund)
oré pŷabo (gerund)
îandé pŷabo (gerund)
pe pŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pye'yma (gerund)
nde pye'yma (gerund)
i pye'yma (gerund)
oré pye'yma (gerund)
îandé pye'yma (gerund)
pe pye'yma (gerund)
xe pyû (gerund)
i pyû (gerund)
oré pyû (gerund)
îandé pyû (gerund)
xe pye'ymi (gerund)
i pye'ymi (gerund)
oré pye'ymi (gerund)
îandé pye'ymi (gerund)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨ, from Proto-Tupian *pˀɨ.

to blow; to flute (to blow a musical instrument to make it give a sound)


py

form py (noun)
Causative
momy
-ba'e
i pyba'e
-sab
-saba
pŷaba／pysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe py (active)
i py (active)
oré py (active)
îandé py (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe py (active)
ta nde py (active)
t'i py (active)
t'oré py (active)
t'îandé py (active)
ta pe py (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pyî (active)
na nde pyî (active)
n'i pyî (active)
n'oré pyî (active)
n'îandé pyî (active)
na pe pyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde py umẽ (active)
pe py umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe py umẽ (active)
ta nde py umẽ (active)
t'i py umẽ (active)
t'oré py umẽ (active)
t'îandé py umẽ (active)
ta pe py umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pyramo (gerund)
nde pyramo (gerund)
o pyramo (gerund)
oré pyramo (gerund)
îandé pyramo (gerund)
pe pyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pye'ymamo (gerund)
nde pye'ymamo (gerund)
o pye'ymamo (gerund)
oré pye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pye'ymamo (gerund)
pe pye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
py (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pyû (infinitive)
i pyû (infinitive)
oré pyû (infinitive)
îandé pyû (infinitive)
xe pye'ymi (infinitive)
i pye'ymi (infinitive)
oré pye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pye'ymi (infinitive)


rana

Nheengatu: rana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: -rana


forms the negative of verbs and adjectives [with -i]

[…]naipotareîmixoéne[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 34v:


sub

sub (first-person singular active indicative aîosub, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîosubi, noun suba)

aîosub (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîosubi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
suba (noun)
Causative
subukar
Causative-comitative
erosub
Reflexive
îesub
-ba'e
oîosuba'e
emi-
eminduba／minduba
-pyr
-pyra
i xubypyra
-sab
-saba
supaba
-sar
-sara
supara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîosub (active)
ereîosub (active)
oîosub (active)
oroîosub (active)
îaîosub (active)
peîosub (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîosub (active)
t'ereîosub (active)
t'oîosub (active)
t'oroîosub (active)
t'îaîosub (active)
ta peîosub (active)
Imperative (active)
eîosub (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîosubi (active)
n'ereîosubi (active)
n'oîosubi (active)
n'oroîosubi (active)
n'îaîosubi (active)
na peîosubi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîosub umẽ (active)
t'ereîosub umẽ (active)
t'oîosub umẽ (active)
t'oroîosub umẽ (active)
t'îaîosub umẽ (active)
ta peîosub umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîosub umẽ (active)
peîosub umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
suba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sube'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe supa (gerund)
nde supa (gerund)
i supa (gerund)
oré supa (gerund)
îandé supa (gerund)
pe supa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe sube'yma (gerund)
nde sube'yma (gerund)
i sube'yma (gerund)
oré sube'yma (gerund)
îandé sube'yma (gerund)
pe sube'yma (gerund)
xe subi (gerund)
i subi (gerund)
oré subi (gerund)
îandé subi (gerund)
xe sube'ymi (gerund)
i sube'ymi (gerund)
oré sube'ymi (gerund)
îandé sube'ymi (gerund)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suβ, from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup.

inh+

to examine (to observe or inspect carefully)


una

head

una (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tuna, R1 runa, R2 suna)

Nheengatu: una (adjective)


kama

Nheengatu: kama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kam, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑkam.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní káma.

breast; chest (front of the human thorax)


atu'uba

atu'uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tatu'uba, R1 ratu'uba, R2 tatu'uba)


aba

aba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taba, R1 raba, R2 saba)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *rap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sap, Guaraní ague.

fur (hairy coat of various mammal species)

pykasuaba


-a

Possibly from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ, making it a doublet of -sab.
Cognate with Guajajára, Kamayurá, Mbyá Guaraní, and Tapirapé -a.

cog

porang (“beautiful”, adjective) + -a → poranga (“beauty”, noun)

nhe'eng (“to speak”, verb) + -a → nhe'enga (“language”, noun)

mim (“to hide”) + -a → mima (“hiding”)

forms the gerund of verbs ending in a consonant


Tupi

→ Portuguese: Tupi

a mythological figure said to be the ancestor of all Tupian peoples


só

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡so, from Proto-Tupian *t͡so.
Cognate with Guaraní ho.


só

head

só (first-person singular active indicative asó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asóî, noun só)

asó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
só (noun)
Causative
mondó
Causative-comitative
erasó
-ba'e
osoba'e
-sab
-saba
soaba／sosaba
-sar
-sara
soara／sosara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asó (active)
eresó (active)
osó (active)
orosó (active)
îasó (active)
pesó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asó (active)
t'eresó (active)
t'osó (active)
t'orosó (active)
t'îasó (active)
ta pesó (active)
Imperative (active)
ekûãî (active)
pekûãî (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asóî (active)
n'eresóî (active)
n'osóî (active)
n'orosóî (active)
n'îasóî (active)
na pesóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asó umẽ (active)
t'eresó umẽ (active)
t'osó umẽ (active)
t'orosó umẽ (active)
t'îasó umẽ (active)
ta pesó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekûãî umẽ (active)
pekûãî umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûixóbo (gerund)
esóbo (gerund)
osóbo (gerund)
orosóbo (gerund)
îasóbo (gerund)
pesóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûixoe'yma (gerund)
esoe'yma (gerund)
osoe'yma (gerund)
orosoe'yma (gerund)
îasoe'yma (gerund)
pesoe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
só (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
soe'yma (infinitive)
xe sóû (infinitive)
i xóû (infinitive)
oré sóû (infinitive)
îandé sóû (infinitive)
xe soe'ymi (infinitive)
i xoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré soe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé soe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: sú

'Y kûápe asó.


'e

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔe／*ʔi, from Proto-Tupian *kʔe (“to say, to do”).
Cognate with Guaraní 'e.


'e

head

'e (first-person singular active indicative a'é, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'éî, first-person singular gerund gûi'îabo, noun 'e)

a'é (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'éî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûi'îabo (first-person gerund singular)
'e (noun)

'e tenhẽ marã

to mean; to signify (to convey a meaning)

to think; to suppose; to assume; to judge


'e

a'é (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'éî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûi'îabo (first-person gerund singular)
'e (noun)
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
a'é (active)
eré (active)
e'i (active)
oro'e (active)
îa'e (active)
peîé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'a'e (active)
t'eré (active)
t'e'i (active)
t'oro'e (active)
t'îa'e (active)
ta peîé (active)
Imperative (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'a'eî (active)
n'eréî (active)
n'e'i (active)
n'oro'eî (active)
n'îa'eî (active)
na peîéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'a'e umẽ (active)
t'eré umẽ (active)
t'e'i umẽ (active)
t'oro'e umẽ (active)
t'îa'e umẽ (active)
ta peîé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eré umẽ (active)
peîé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûi'îabo (gerund)
e'îabo (gerund)
o'îabo (gerund)
oro'îabo (gerund)
îa'îabo (gerund)
pe'îabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûi'ee'yma (gerund)
na gûi'îabo ruã (gerund)
e'ee'yma (gerund)
na e'îabo ruã (gerund)
o'ee'yma (gerund)
na o'îabo ruã (gerund)
oro'ee'yma (gerund)
na oro'îabo ruã (gerund)
îa'ee'yma (gerund)
na îa'îabo ruã (gerund)
peîee'yma (gerund)
na pe'îabo ruã (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
'e (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
'ee'yma (infinitive)
xe 'eû (infinitive)
i 'eû (infinitive)
oré 'eû (infinitive)
îandé 'eû (infinitive)

syntactic marker for emphasis; do [with gerund]


'a

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa (“fruit, head”), from Proto-Tupian *ʔa (“fruit, head”).
Cognate wirh Sateré-Mawé 'a and Guaraní 'a.

(chiefly in compounds) head (part of the body)

(vocative, in reverence) dude; bro term of address for a man

(vocative, in reverence) companion; comrade; term of address for a friend

(vocative, in reverence) sir; term of address for an old man


'a

'a (first-person singular active indicative a'a, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'aî, noun 'ara)

a'a (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'aî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'ara (noun)


suí

Nheengatu: suí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. Semantic loan from Portuguese de in senses marked with Late Tupi.
Cognate with Guaraní gui.

inh+

Ybaka suí ereîur[…]

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 100:

[…]Obebé îandé suí.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 186:

Maranamope pejeguacem ore cuj Na oreanama rua tepia pee

1645 October 21, Diogo Pinheiro Camarão, Letter to Baltazar Araberana, Gaspar Cararu, Jandaia and Pedro Valadin (Camarão Indians' letters; 6), page 1:

Why do you run away from us? But aren't you our family?

from, indicating a starting point in time

[…]imombëú catúpyramo ereicó cunhã çüí; imombëú catúpyrabé ndemembyra JESUS.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Ave Maria”, in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Livro 1 […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 139:

Blessed art thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.

[…]Îori, anhanga mondyîa, oré moaûîé suí!

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 102:

Come, driving away the devil so he doesn't defeat us!

Sabeypora suí bé oîoapixá-pixapa

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 34; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Because of the drunkenness, too, they keep hitting each other.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 81:

Can't other person baptize instead of the priest?

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 74; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

[…]xecatûetê ndè çuî[…]Aicuâb etê ndê çuî[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 43:

I'm better than you. I know more than you.

[…]Ambaêû ndè çuî[…]

1618, Antônio de Araújo, Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 101v:

Have you hit a pregnant woman, killing her baby?

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 105; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

indicates that a verb or adjective applies to only a part of a whole entity

Marã, itánhépe, coipó ybyrá, nhäûma çüí imonhanghimbyra nhé pe acé oimoeté?

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, edited by Bartolomeu de Leão, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 15:

What about stone or wood? Do people essentially worship what is made of mud?

(Late Tupi) of, expressing composition, substance


sem

head

sem (first-person singular active indicative asem, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asemi, noun sema)

asem (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asemi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
sema (noun)
Causative
mosem
Causative-comitative
erosem
-ba'e
osemyba'e
-sab
-saba
sembaba
-sar
-sara
sembara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asem (active)
eresem (active)
osem (active)
orosem (active)
îasem (active)
pesem (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asem (active)
t'eresem (active)
t'osem (active)
t'orosem (active)
t'îasem (active)
ta pesem (active)
Imperative (active)
esem (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asemi (active)
n'eresemi (active)
n'osemi (active)
n'orosemi (active)
n'îasemi (active)
na pesemi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asem umẽ (active)
t'eresem umẽ (active)
t'osem umẽ (active)
t'orosem umẽ (active)
t'îasem umẽ (active)
ta pesem umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esem umẽ (active)
pesem umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûixema (gerund)
esema (gerund)
osema (gerund)
orosema (gerund)
îasema (gerund)
pesema (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûixeme'yma (gerund)
eseme'yma (gerund)
oseme'yma (gerund)
oroseme'yma (gerund)
îaseme'yma (gerund)
peseme'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sema (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
seme'yma (infinitive)
xe semi (infinitive)
i xemi (infinitive)
oré semi (infinitive)
îandé semi (infinitive)
xe seme'ymi (infinitive)
i xeme'ymi (infinitive)
oré seme'ymi (infinitive)
îandé seme'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: semu, sému, sema (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡sẽp, from Proto-Tupian *tẽp.
Cognate with Guaraní sẽ, Sateré-Mawé wẽẽ-tẽp.

inh+

Asem 'y suí.

aëoſen Maria Vurgon ſuy

1586, André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, in Le grand Insulaire et pilotage d'André THEVET, Angoumoisin, cosmographe du Roy, dans lequel sont contenus plusieurs plants d'isles habitées et deshabitées et description d'icelles, page 253:

aë aué de ſuy oſenuaë puera Jeſus

(rare) to be born [with suí ‘from someone’]


paranã

desctree

Old Tupi: paraná
Nheengatu: paraná, paranã
→ Brazilian Portuguese: paraná
→ Portuguese: Paraná

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã.

etymon

paranãngûá

São Sebastião abé, / marana rerekoarûera, / tamuîa, kyre'ymbagûera, / omombab erimba'e; / n'i tybangáî setãmbûera. / Opá, — Paranapuku, / Îakutinga, Moro'y, / Sarigûeîa, Gûiryry, / Pindoba, Parigûasu, / Kurusá, Miape'y, / Îabebirasyka tapera — / akûeîme n'i poretáî. / I aûîé mu'amarûera; / oîoybyri se'õmbûera / paranã ybyri i kûáî.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 54, lines 593–607; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Saint Sebastian too, the patron of war, destroyed the Tamoio, the brave ones; their old lands don't exist anymore. None of them — Paranapucu, Jacutinga, Moroí, Sarigueia, Guiriri, Pindoba, Pariguaçu, Curuçá, Miapeí, Jabebiracica's village — have had anything for a long time. The enemies surrended; their bodies were side by side along the sea.

Acôcoríparanâmèné[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 22:

Oquir coêcoẽ amâna, Paranã momũgabo.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 41v:

The morning kept seeing the rain pour, filling the sea

Paranã rupi[…]aguatâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Nauegar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 48; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

anonymous author (1622) “Aguoa do mar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 24: “Paranã.”


îasy

Nheengatu: yasí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jat͡sɨ, from Proto-Tupian *watɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní jaxy and Paraguayan Guaraní jasy.

inh+

Jacibaeyaú[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Eclypsar-se a lua”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 108; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Marã eteĩ raumope amó Anhangarata pôra recou ycô ârapupe oyepe yaci Tupã ebanoĩ çuí omomborû omoingoberememô[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro nouiſsimo, que he a morte” (chapter I), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 156v:

How would a inhabitant of Hell live in this world if God made him live out of there for a month?

(Late Tupi, hapax) month (period into which a year is divided)


îasy

→ Portuguese: jaci

palm tree of the species Attalea butyracea


mari

form mari (noun)
Causative
momari
-ba'e
i mariba'e
-sab
-saba
marîaba／marisaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe mari (active)
i mari (active)
oré mari (active)
îandé mari (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe mari (active)
ta nde mari (active)
t'i mari (active)
t'oré mari (active)
t'îandé mari (active)
ta pe mari (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe mari (active)
na nde mari (active)
n'i mari (active)
n'oré mari (active)
n'îandé mari (active)
na pe mari (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde mari umẽ (active)
pe mari umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe mari umẽ (active)
ta nde mari umẽ (active)
t'i mari umẽ (active)
t'oré mari umẽ (active)
t'îandé mari umẽ (active)
ta pe mari umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mariramo (gerund)
nde mariramo (gerund)
o mariramo (gerund)
oré mariramo (gerund)
îandé mariramo (gerund)
pe mariramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe marie'ymamo (gerund)
nde marie'ymamo (gerund)
o marie'ymamo (gerund)
oré marie'ymamo (gerund)
îandé marie'ymamo (gerund)
pe marie'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mari (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
marie'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe mariû (infinitive)
i mariû (infinitive)
oré mariû (infinitive)
îandé mariû (infinitive)
xe marie'ymi (infinitive)
i marie'ymi (infinitive)
oré marie'ymi (infinitive)
îandé marie'ymi (infinitive)


xe

head

xe (2nd class, 1st person singular, dative xebe／xebo, 1st class equivalent ixé)

Nheengatu: se

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃe (“I, me”).
cognates
* Anambé ha
* Apiaká si
* Aurá he
* Chané ‘tʃe
* Emerillon dʒe
* Guaraní che
* Kayabí je
* Urubú-Kaapor he
* Xetá će
* Xingú Asuriní dže


tupi

Nheengatu: tupí

→ Portuguese: tupi

From Tupi, a mythological figure said to be the ancestor of all Tupian peoples.

Kûeîsé, r'akó, amõ kanhemi, / ogûeîypa Magûeápe. / Abaré ogû erasoá'pe, / n'asaûsubi, i nhegûasemi, / tupi supa xe rekoá'pe.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 33, lines 110–114; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Yesterday, for certain, some have gone missing, going down to Magûeá. Because the priests took them, I don't love them, they fled, visiting the Tupi in my home.

—[…]Paranãgûasu rasapa, / ybytyrybo gûibebébo, / asó tupi moangaîpapa, / a'e ré, muru mombapa, / xe ratápe seroîkébo.
— Mba'e apŷabap'aîpó?
— Tupinakyîa, keygûara, / tĩapyra moroupîara. / Muru, anhẽ, oîanga'o! / Nd'oîabyangáî îaguara...

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 142, lines 183–192; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Crossing the ocean, flying over the mountains, I went to make the Tupi sin, bringing them to my fire after that to kill the damned. / — Which men are these? / —The Tupiniquim, who live here, enemy informants. The damned, indeed, vituperate them! They truly are no different than the jaguars...

Tupi (any of several related indigenous nations of coastal Brazil that spoke Old Tupi)

(strictly) the Tupian people that lived in the São Vicente capitancy.


poxy

head

poxy (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute moxy)


poxy

form poxy (noun)
Causative
momoxy
-ba'e
i poxyba'e
-sab
-saba
poxŷaba／poxysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe poxy (active)
i poxy (active)
oré poxy (active)
îandé poxy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe poxy (active)
ta nde poxy (active)
t'i poxy (active)
t'oré poxy (active)
t'îandé poxy (active)
ta pe poxy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe poxyî (active)
na nde poxyî (active)
n'i poxyî (active)
n'oré poxyî (active)
n'îandé poxyî (active)
na pe poxyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde poxy umẽ (active)
pe poxy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe poxy umẽ (active)
ta nde poxy umẽ (active)
t'i poxy umẽ (active)
t'oré poxy umẽ (active)
t'îandé poxy umẽ (active)
ta pe poxy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe poxyramo (gerund)
nde poxyramo (gerund)
o poxyramo (gerund)
oré poxyramo (gerund)
îandé poxyramo (gerund)
pe poxyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe poxye'ymamo (gerund)
nde poxye'ymamo (gerund)
o poxye'ymamo (gerund)
oré poxye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé poxye'ymamo (gerund)
pe poxye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
poxy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
poxye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe poxyû (infinitive)
i poxyû (infinitive)
oré poxyû (infinitive)
îandé poxyû (infinitive)
xe poxye'ymi (infinitive)
i poxye'ymi (infinitive)
oré poxye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé poxye'ymi (infinitive)

(derogatory) disgusting; gross; repulsive


poxy

Nheengatu: puxí

hell; damn (expressing discontent, unhappiness, or anger)


katu

form katu (noun)
Causative
mongatu
-ba'e
i katuba'e
-sab
-saba
katûaba／katusaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe katu (active)
i katu (active)
oré katu (active)
îandé katu (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe katu (active)
ta nde katu (active)
t'i katu (active)
t'oré katu (active)
t'îandé katu (active)
ta pe katu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe katuî (active)
na nde katuî (active)
n'i katuî (active)
n'oré katuî (active)
n'îandé katuî (active)
na pe katuî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde katu umẽ (active)
pe katu umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe katu umẽ (active)
ta nde katu umẽ (active)
t'i katu umẽ (active)
t'oré katu umẽ (active)
t'îandé katu umẽ (active)
ta pe katu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe katuramo (gerund)
nde katuramo (gerund)
o katuramo (gerund)
oré katuramo (gerund)
îandé katuramo (gerund)
pe katuramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe katue'ymamo (gerund)
nde katue'ymamo (gerund)
o katue'ymamo (gerund)
oré katue'ymamo (gerund)
îandé katue'ymamo (gerund)
pe katue'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
katu (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
katue'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe katuû (infinitive)
i katuû (infinitive)
oré katuû (infinitive)
îandé katuû (infinitive)
xe katue'ymi (infinitive)
i katue'ymi (infinitive)
oré katue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé katue'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *katu, from Proto-Tupian *katˀu.

etymon

Akûeî kunhã i katu.

good (acting in the interest of what is beneficial, ethical, or moral)


katu

Aîkokatu.


katu

Nheengatu: katú


bebé

form bebé (noun)
Causative
mobebé
-ba'e
i bebeba'e
-sab
-saba
bebeaba／bebesaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe bebé (active)
i bebé (active)
oré bebé (active)
îandé bebé (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe bebé (active)
ta nde bebé (active)
t'i bebé (active)
t'oré bebé (active)
t'îandé bebé (active)
ta pe bebé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe bebéî (active)
na nde bebéî (active)
n'i bebéî (active)
n'oré bebéî (active)
n'îandé bebéî (active)
na pe bebéî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde bebé umẽ (active)
pe bebé umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe bebé umẽ (active)
ta nde bebé umẽ (active)
t'i bebé umẽ (active)
t'oré bebé umẽ (active)
t'îandé bebé umẽ (active)
ta pe bebé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe bebéramo (gerund)
nde bebéramo (gerund)
o bebéramo (gerund)
oré bebéramo (gerund)
îandé bebéramo (gerund)
pe bebéramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe bebee'ymamo (gerund)
nde bebee'ymamo (gerund)
o bebee'ymamo (gerund)
oré bebee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé bebee'ymamo (gerund)
pe bebee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
bebé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
bebee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe bebéû (infinitive)
i bebéû (infinitive)
oré bebéû (infinitive)
îandé bebéû (infinitive)
xe bebee'ymi (infinitive)
i bebee'ymi (infinitive)
oré bebee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé bebee'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *βeβe.
Cognate with Guaraní veve.

apŷabebé


bebé

head

bebé (first-person singular active indicative abebé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'abebéî, noun bebé)

abebé (active first-person indicative singular)
n'abebéî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
bebé (noun)
Causative
mobebé
Causative-comitative
erobebé
-ba'e
obebeba'e
-sab
-saba
bebeaba／bebesaba
-sar
-sara
bebeara／bebesara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
abebé (active)
erebebé (active)
obebé (active)
orobebé (active)
îabebé (active)
pebebé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'abebé (active)
t'erebebé (active)
t'obebé (active)
t'orobebé (active)
t'îabebé (active)
ta pebebé (active)
Imperative (active)
ebebé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'abebéî (active)
n'erebebéî (active)
n'obebéî (active)
n'orobebéî (active)
n'îabebéî (active)
na pebebéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'abebé umẽ (active)
t'erebebé umẽ (active)
t'obebé umẽ (active)
t'orobebé umẽ (active)
t'îabebé umẽ (active)
ta pebebé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ebebé umẽ (active)
pebebé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûibebébo (gerund)
ebebébo (gerund)
obebébo (gerund)
orobebébo (gerund)
îabebébo (gerund)
pebebébo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûibebee'yma (gerund)
ebebee'yma (gerund)
obebee'yma (gerund)
orobebee'yma (gerund)
îabebee'yma (gerund)
pebebee'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
bebé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
bebee'yma (infinitive)
xe bebéû (infinitive)
i bebéû (infinitive)
oré bebéû (infinitive)
îandé bebéû (infinitive)
xe bebee'ymi (infinitive)
i bebee'ymi (infinitive)
oré bebee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé bebee'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: wewé

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 186:

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 148; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Here I am! My master, I flew. Here is the fire I went after.

Crossing the ocean, flying over the mountains, I went to make the Tupi sin, bringing them to my fire after that to kill the damned.


é

Coordinate term: (woman's speech) ri


é

form é (noun)
Causative
moé
-ba'e
i eba'e
-sab
-saba
eaba／esaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe é (active)
i é (active)
oré é (active)
îandé é (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe é (active)
ta nde é (active)
t'i é (active)
t'oré é (active)
t'îandé é (active)
ta pe é (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe éî (active)
na nde éî (active)
n'i éî (active)
n'oré éî (active)
n'îandé éî (active)
na pe éî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde é umẽ (active)
pe é umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe é umẽ (active)
ta nde é umẽ (active)
t'i é umẽ (active)
t'oré é umẽ (active)
t'îandé é umẽ (active)
ta pe é umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe éramo (gerund)
nde éramo (gerund)
o éramo (gerund)
oré éramo (gerund)
îandé éramo (gerund)
pe éramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ee'ymamo (gerund)
nde ee'ymamo (gerund)
o ee'ymamo (gerund)
oré ee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé ee'ymamo (gerund)
pe ee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
é (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe éû (infinitive)
i éû (infinitive)
oré éû (infinitive)
îandé éû (infinitive)
xe ee'ymi (infinitive)
i ee'ymi (infinitive)
oré ee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé ee'ymi (infinitive)


é

é (IIa class pluriform, R1 ré, R2 sé, noun form é)

form é (noun)
Causative
moé
-ba'e
seba'e
-sab
-saba
eaba／esaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ré (active)
sé (active)
oré ré (active)
îandé ré (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ré (active)
ta nde ré (active)
ta sé (active)
t'oré ré (active)
t'îandé ré (active)
ta pe ré (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe réî (active)
na nde réî (active)
na séî (active)
n'oré réî (active)
n'îandé réî (active)
na pe réî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ré umẽ (active)
pe ré umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ré umẽ (active)
ta nde ré umẽ (active)
ta sé umẽ (active)
t'oré ré umẽ (active)
t'îandé ré umẽ (active)
ta pe ré umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe réramo (gerund)
nde réramo (gerund)
o éramo (gerund)
oré réramo (gerund)
îandé réramo (gerund)
pe réramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ree'ymamo (gerund)
nde ree'ymamo (gerund)
o ee'ymamo (gerund)
oré ree'ymamo (gerund)
îandé ree'ymamo (gerund)
pe ree'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
é (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe réû (infinitive)
séû (infinitive)
oré réû (infinitive)
îandé réû (infinitive)
xe ree'ymi (infinitive)
see'ymi (infinitive)
oré ree'ymi (infinitive)
îandé ree'ymi (infinitive)


é

é (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute té, R1 ré, R2 sé)


uru

uru (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute uru, R1 ruru, R2 suru)

Nheengatu: irú, urutú

→ Portuguese: uru

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨru (“basket”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲu (“basket”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní yru and Sateré-Mawé hɨt.

inh+

wrapper (something that wraps or covers other)

vessel; container (item in which objects may be stored and transported)

(nautical) vessel (craft designed for transportation on water)

store; depot; warehouse (place where items may be kept)


uru

head

uru (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute uru, R1 repuru, R2 sepuru, R3 o epuru)


uru

Nheengatu: urú

→ Portuguese: uru

Unknown, possibly related to urubu.
Cognate with Guaraní uru.

New World quail (any bird in the family Odontophoridae)


oka

oka (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute oka, R1 roka, R2 soka)

Nheengatu: uka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: oca

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok, *rok, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sok, Guaraní óga.

inh+

Tatá osapy oré roka.

Eîori i mosykyîébo, t'oîkó umé oka rupi oré 'anga monguébo.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Come to scare them away, so that they may be no longer in our houses corrupting our souls.


apar

form apara (noun)
Causative
moapar
-ba'e
i aparyba'e
-sab
-saba
apasaba／aparaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe apar (active)
i apar (active)
oré apar (active)
îandé apar (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe apar (active)
ta nde apar (active)
t'i apar (active)
t'oré apar (active)
t'îandé apar (active)
ta pe apar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe apari (active)
na nde apari (active)
n'i apari (active)
n'oré apari (active)
n'îandé apari (active)
na pe apari (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde apar umẽ (active)
pe apar umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe apar umẽ (active)
ta nde apar umẽ (active)
t'i apar umẽ (active)
t'oré apar umẽ (active)
t'îandé apar umẽ (active)
ta pe apar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe aparamo (gerund)
nde aparamo (gerund)
o aparamo (gerund)
oré aparamo (gerund)
îandé aparamo (gerund)
pe aparamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apare'ymamo (gerund)
nde apare'ymamo (gerund)
o apare'ymamo (gerund)
oré apare'ymamo (gerund)
îandé apare'ymamo (gerund)
pe apare'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apare'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe apari (infinitive)
i apari (infinitive)
oré apari (infinitive)
îandé apari (infinitive)
xe apare'ymi (infinitive)
i apare'ymi (infinitive)
oré apare'ymi (infinitive)
îandé apare'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *apar.


apar

head

apar (first-person singular active indicative aîapar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîapari, noun apara)

aîapar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîapari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
apara (noun)
Causative
aparukar
Causative-comitative
eroapar
Reflexive
îeapar
-ba'e
oîaparyba'e
emi-
emiapara／miapara
-pyr
-pyra
i aparypyra
-sab
-saba
apasaba／aparaba
-sar
-sara
apasara／aparara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîapar (active)
ereîapar (active)
oîapar (active)
oroîapar (active)
îaîapar (active)
peîapar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîapar (active)
t'ereîapar (active)
t'oîapar (active)
t'oroîapar (active)
t'îaîapar (active)
ta peîapar (active)
Imperative (active)
eîapar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîapari (active)
n'ereîapari (active)
n'oîapari (active)
n'oroîapari (active)
n'îaîapari (active)
na peîapari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîapar umẽ (active)
t'ereîapar umẽ (active)
t'oîapar umẽ (active)
t'oroîapar umẽ (active)
t'îaîapar umẽ (active)
ta peîapar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîapar umẽ (active)
peîapar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apare'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe apá (gerund)
nde apá (gerund)
i apá (gerund)
oré apá (gerund)
îandé apá (gerund)
pe apá (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apare'yma (gerund)
nde apare'yma (gerund)
i apare'yma (gerund)
oré apare'yma (gerund)
îandé apare'yma (gerund)
pe apare'yma (gerund)
xe apari (gerund)
i apari (gerund)
oré apari (gerund)
îandé apari (gerund)
xe apare'ymi (gerund)
i apare'ymi (gerund)
oré apare'ymi (gerund)
îandé apare'ymi (gerund)

to bend; to crook (to cause to shape into a curve)


ting

form tinga (noun)
Causative
moting
-ba'e
tingyba'e
-sab
-saba
tingaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ting (active)
ting (active)
oré ting (active)
îandé ting (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ting (active)
ta nde ting (active)
ta ting (active)
t'oré ting (active)
t'îandé ting (active)
ta pe ting (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe tingi (active)
na nde tingi (active)
na tingi (active)
n'oré tingi (active)
n'îandé tingi (active)
na pe tingi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ting umẽ (active)
pe ting umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ting umẽ (active)
ta nde ting umẽ (active)
ta ting umẽ (active)
t'oré ting umẽ (active)
t'îandé ting umẽ (active)
ta pe ting umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tingamo (gerund)
nde tingamo (gerund)
o tingamo (gerund)
oré tingamo (gerund)
îandé tingamo (gerund)
pe tingamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tinge'ymamo (gerund)
nde tinge'ymamo (gerund)
o tinge'ymamo (gerund)
oré tinge'ymamo (gerund)
îandé tinge'ymamo (gerund)
pe tinge'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tinga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tinge'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe tingi (infinitive)
tingi (infinitive)
oré tingi (infinitive)
îandé tingi (infinitive)
xe tinge'ymi (infinitive)
tinge'ymi (infinitive)
oré tinge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tinge'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tiŋ, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tˀiŋ.

upi'atinga


ting

form tinga (noun)
Causative
moting
-ba'e
i tingyba'e
-sab
-saba
tingaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ting (active)
i ting (active)
oré ting (active)
îandé ting (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ting (active)
ta nde ting (active)
t'i ting (active)
t'oré ting (active)
t'îandé ting (active)
ta pe ting (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe tingi (active)
na nde tingi (active)
n'i tingi (active)
n'oré tingi (active)
n'îandé tingi (active)
na pe tingi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ting umẽ (active)
pe ting umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ting umẽ (active)
ta nde ting umẽ (active)
t'i ting umẽ (active)
t'oré ting umẽ (active)
t'îandé ting umẽ (active)
ta pe ting umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tingamo (gerund)
nde tingamo (gerund)
o tingamo (gerund)
oré tingamo (gerund)
îandé tingamo (gerund)
pe tingamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tinge'ymamo (gerund)
nde tinge'ymamo (gerund)
o tinge'ymamo (gerund)
oré tinge'ymamo (gerund)
îandé tinge'ymamo (gerund)
pe tinge'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tinga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tinge'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe tingi (infinitive)
i tingi (infinitive)
oré tingi (infinitive)
îandé tingi (infinitive)
xe tinge'ymi (infinitive)
i tinge'ymi (infinitive)
oré tinge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tinge'ymi (infinitive)


tatu

Nheengatu: tatú

desctree

→ French: tatou, tattou (obsolete)
→ Breton: tatou
→ English: tatou
→ Hungarian: tatu
→ Romanian: tatu

→ Portuguese: tatu
→ Hunsrik: Tattu

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatu, from Proto-Tupian *jat͡sju.
Cognate with Guaraní tatu and Sateré-Mawé sahu.

etymon

Pierre Belon (1553) chapter III, in Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges, book 1 (overall work in Middle French), Paris: G. Corrozet, page 5: “Tatou”

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XXX, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Dattu”

André Thevet (1557–1558) chapter 24, in Les singularitez de la France Antarctique [The singularities of France Antarctique] (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Maurice de La Porte, page 48: “Tatou”

Joseph of Anchieta (1560) chapter XXVIII, in Epistola quamplurimarum rerum naturalium quae S. Vicentii (nunc S. Pauli) provinciam incolunt sistens descriptionem (overall work in Latin); republished as Diogo de Toledo Lara Ordonhez, editor, Lisboa: Typis Academiae, 1799, page 20: “Tatû”

Jean de Léry (1578) Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 156: “Tatou”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1302: “Tatu”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 251: “tatús”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Tatu caualo armado”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 41; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 111, line 1055: “Tatu”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XV, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 96v: “Tatous”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VI, chapter VIII (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 231: “Tatv”

armadillo (any mammal in the order Cingulata)


oba

head

oba (possessable, IIe class pluriform, absolute soba, R1 roba, R2 soba)

Nheengatu: awa

leaf (green, flat organ of most vegetative plants)


pira

pira (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbira)

Nheengatu: pira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pir, from Proto-Tupian *pit.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní pire.

skin (outer protective layer of the body of a person or animal)


pora

Nheengatu: pura, -pura

content; contents (that which is contained)

component (smaller, self-contained part of larger entity)


pora

fruit (end result, effect or consequence)


pora

pora (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbora)

inhabitant (someone or thing who lives in a place)


pora

bruise; scratch (mark on the skin left by a blow)

pypora

mark; print (visible impression left on a surface)


aty

aty (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taty, R1 raty, R2 taty)


petek

petek (first-person singular active indicative aîpetek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîpeteki, noun peteka)

aîpetek (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîpeteki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
peteka (noun)
Causative
petekukar
Causative-comitative
eropetek
Reflexive
îepetek
-ba'e
oîpetekyba'e
emi-
emimeteka／mimeteka
-pyr
-pyra
i petekypyra
-sab
-saba
petekaba
-sar
-sara
petekara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîpetek (active)
ereîpetek (active)
oîpetek (active)
oroîpetek (active)
îaîpetek (active)
peîpetek (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîpetek (active)
t'ereîpetek (active)
t'oîpetek (active)
t'oroîpetek (active)
t'îaîpetek (active)
ta peîpetek (active)
Imperative (active)
eîpetek (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîpeteki (active)
n'ereîpeteki (active)
n'oîpeteki (active)
n'oroîpeteki (active)
n'îaîpeteki (active)
na peîpeteki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîpetek umẽ (active)
t'ereîpetek umẽ (active)
t'oîpetek umẽ (active)
t'oroîpetek umẽ (active)
t'îaîpetek umẽ (active)
ta peîpetek umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîpetek umẽ (active)
peîpetek umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
peteka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
peteke'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe peteka (gerund)
nde peteka (gerund)
i peteka (gerund)
oré peteka (gerund)
îandé peteka (gerund)
pe peteka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe peteke'yma (gerund)
nde peteke'yma (gerund)
i peteke'yma (gerund)
oré peteke'yma (gerund)
îandé peteke'yma (gerund)
pe peteke'yma (gerund)
xe peteki (gerund)
i peteki (gerund)
oré peteki (gerund)
îandé peteki (gerund)
xe peteke'ymi (gerund)
i peteke'ymi (gerund)
oré peteke'ymi (gerund)
îandé peteke'ymi (gerund)

Coordinate term: sok (“to punch”)

Cebira aipetêc.

1622, anonymous author, “Açoutar nas nadegas cõ a mão”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 21; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


musu

Nheengatu: musũ

desc

→ Portuguese: muçum, muçu, mussum, mussu (proscribed)

marbled swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus)


pó

head

pó (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbó)

Nheengatu: pú

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *po, from Proto-Tupian *po.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní po.

Nde morerecoâr xerî
Nde poguîrêpe xenonga
Nde raquîpoêra rupî
Toçô xeanga yepi,
Tecô catû mono onga.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, “Do nome ſantifsimo de IESV”, in Antônio de Araújo, compiler, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon:

Be thou my guardian putting thy hands on me. Through your footprints, may my soul always go collecting virtues.


pó

Poquîgâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Çuja cousa ser como quer .s. da 1.ª maneira”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 87; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


arara

Nheengatu: arara

→ Portuguese: arara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *arar, from Proto-Tupian *arat. Doublet of ará.


mondó

mondó (first-person singular active indicative aîmondó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmondóî, noun mondó)

aîmondó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmondóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mondó (noun)
Causative
mondoukar
Reflexive
îemondó
-ba'e
oîmondoba'e
emi-
emimondó／mimondó
-pyr
-pyra
i mondopyra
-sab
-saba
mondoaba／mondosaba
-sar
-sara
mondoara／mondosara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmondó (active)
ereîmondó (active)
oîmondó (active)
oroîmondó (active)
îaîmondó (active)
peîmondó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmondó (active)
t'ereîmondó (active)
t'oîmondó (active)
t'oroîmondó (active)
t'îaîmondó (active)
ta peîmondó (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmondó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmondóî (active)
n'ereîmondóî (active)
n'oîmondóî (active)
n'oroîmondóî (active)
n'îaîmondóî (active)
na peîmondóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmondó umẽ (active)
t'ereîmondó umẽ (active)
t'oîmondó umẽ (active)
t'oroîmondó umẽ (active)
t'îaîmondó umẽ (active)
ta peîmondó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmondó umẽ (active)
peîmondó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mondó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mondoe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mondóbo (gerund)
nde mondóbo (gerund)
i mondóbo (gerund)
oré mondóbo (gerund)
îandé mondóbo (gerund)
pe mondóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mondoe'yma (gerund)
nde mondoe'yma (gerund)
i mondoe'yma (gerund)
oré mondoe'yma (gerund)
îandé mondoe'yma (gerund)
pe mondoe'yma (gerund)
xe mondóû (gerund)
i mondóû (gerund)
oré mondóû (gerund)
îandé mondóû (gerund)
xe mondoe'ymi (gerund)
i mondoe'ymi (gerund)
oré mondoe'ymi (gerund)
îandé mondoe'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: mundú

to shoo (to induce to leave) [with suí ‘from somewhere’]


oré

oré (1st class, 1st person plural exclusive, dative orébe／orébo)


pá

— Ereîukápe?
— Pá, îagûarera aîuká.
— Did you kill it?
— Yes, I killed the jaguar.


pá

Aîybõmbá


pá

Ereroŷrõmbápe sekó?


karu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔru, from *kar- (“thing”) + *ʔu (“to eat”), literally “to eat things”.
Cognate with Awetí kat-ʔu, Guaraní karu.

af

overeating (the act of eating to excess)


karu

form karu (noun)
Causative
mongaru
-ba'e
i karuba'e
-sab
-saba
karûaba／karusaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe karu (active)
i karu (active)
oré karu (active)
îandé karu (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe karu (active)
ta nde karu (active)
t'i karu (active)
t'oré karu (active)
t'îandé karu (active)
ta pe karu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe karuî (active)
na nde karuî (active)
n'i karuî (active)
n'oré karuî (active)
n'îandé karuî (active)
na pe karuî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde karu umẽ (active)
pe karu umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe karu umẽ (active)
ta nde karu umẽ (active)
t'i karu umẽ (active)
t'oré karu umẽ (active)
t'îandé karu umẽ (active)
ta pe karu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe karuramo (gerund)
nde karuramo (gerund)
o karuramo (gerund)
oré karuramo (gerund)
îandé karuramo (gerund)
pe karuramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe karue'ymamo (gerund)
nde karue'ymamo (gerund)
o karue'ymamo (gerund)
oré karue'ymamo (gerund)
îandé karue'ymamo (gerund)
pe karue'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karu (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karue'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe karuû (infinitive)
i karuû (infinitive)
oré karuû (infinitive)
îandé karuû (infinitive)
xe karue'ymi (infinitive)
i karue'ymi (infinitive)
oré karue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karue'ymi (infinitive)


karu

head

karu (first-person singular active indicative akaru, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akaruî, noun karu)

akaru (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akaruî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
karu (noun)
Causative
mongaru
Causative-comitative
erokaru
-ba'e
okaruba'e
-sab
-saba
karûaba／karusaba
-sar
-sara
karûara／karusara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akaru (active)
erekaru (active)
okaru (active)
orokaru (active)
îakaru (active)
pekaru (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akaru (active)
t'erekaru (active)
t'okaru (active)
t'orokaru (active)
t'îakaru (active)
ta pekaru (active)
Imperative (active)
ekaru (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akaruî (active)
n'erekaruî (active)
n'okaruî (active)
n'orokaruî (active)
n'îakaruî (active)
na pekaruî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akaru umẽ (active)
t'erekaru umẽ (active)
t'okaru umẽ (active)
t'orokaru umẽ (active)
t'îakaru umẽ (active)
ta pekaru umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekaru umẽ (active)
pekaru umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûikarûabo (gerund)
ekarûabo (gerund)
okarûabo (gerund)
orokarûabo (gerund)
îakarûabo (gerund)
pekarûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikarue'yma (gerund)
ekarue'yma (gerund)
okarue'yma (gerund)
orokarue'yma (gerund)
îakarue'yma (gerund)
pekarue'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karu (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karue'yma (infinitive)
xe karuû (infinitive)
i karuû (infinitive)
oré karuû (infinitive)
îandé karuû (infinitive)
xe karue'ymi (infinitive)
i karue'ymi (infinitive)
oré karue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karue'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: karú

Near-synonym: 'u (transitive)


abati

Nheengatu: awatí

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: abati, avati, auati

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aβati.
Cognate with Guaraní avati.


tinga

Nheengatu: tinga

Mbäétepe coé tinga acẽ remipiâca, Abaré Hostia rupíreme, acẽ iurupebé imohdebme: nã miape ruã?

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo II”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Da Communhão, page 84, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

But what is that white thing that is seen, when the priest rises the host, and when put in people's mouths: isn't it bread?

lightness (the relative whiteness or transparency of a colour)


tinga

nausea (feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system)

nauseous thing (something that causes nausea)


puk

head

puk (first-person singular active indicative apuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'apuki, noun puka)

apuk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'apuki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
puka (noun)
Causative
momuk
Causative-comitative
eropuk
-ba'e
opukyba'e
-sab
-saba
pukaba
-sar
-sara
pukara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
apuk (active)
erepuk (active)
opuk (active)
oropuk (active)
îapuk (active)
pepuk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'apuk (active)
t'erepuk (active)
t'opuk (active)
t'oropuk (active)
t'îapuk (active)
ta pepuk (active)
Imperative (active)
epuk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'apuki (active)
n'erepuki (active)
n'opuki (active)
n'oropuki (active)
n'îapuki (active)
na pepuki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'apuk umẽ (active)
t'erepuk umẽ (active)
t'opuk umẽ (active)
t'oropuk umẽ (active)
t'îapuk umẽ (active)
ta pepuk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
epuk umẽ (active)
pepuk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûipuka (gerund)
epuka (gerund)
opuka (gerund)
oropuka (gerund)
îapuka (gerund)
pepuka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûipuke'yma (gerund)
epuke'yma (gerund)
opuke'yma (gerund)
oropuke'yma (gerund)
îapuke'yma (gerund)
pepuke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
puka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
puke'yma (infinitive)
xe puki (infinitive)
i puki (infinitive)
oré puki (infinitive)
îandé puki (infinitive)
xe puke'ymi (infinitive)
i puke'ymi (infinitive)
oré puke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé puke'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: puka

to break (to end up in two or more pieces)

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 88:

He was indeed being born without her deflorating.

Apuapuc[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Polução ter”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 80; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

to have pollution (to ejaculate outside of sexual intercourse)


siri

→ Portuguese: siri

swimming crab (any crab of the family Portunidae)


mena

Nheengatu: mena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *men, from Proto-Tupian *men.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ména.

Coordinate term: emirekó (“wife”)


pé

pé (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute pé, R1 rapé, R2 sapé, R3 o apé)

Nheengatu: pé, rapé, sapé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-rape/*pe, from Proto-Tupian *jape/*pe.

inh+

Xe ruba rapé


pé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe, from Proto-Tupian *pe.

shell; carapace (protective covering of a turtle)

scale (keratin pieces covering the skin of certain animals, particularly fish and reptiles)


pé

head

pé (first-person singular active indicative aîopé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîopéî, noun pé)

aîopé (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîopéî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
pé (noun)
Causative
peukar
Causative-comitative
eropé
Reflexive
îepé
-ba'e
oîopeba'e
emi-
emimé／mimé
-pyr
-pyra
i pepyra
-sab
-saba
peaba／pesaba
-sar
-sara
peara／pesara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîopé (active)
ereîopé (active)
oîopé (active)
oroîopé (active)
îaîopé (active)
peîopé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîopé (active)
t'ereîopé (active)
t'oîopé (active)
t'oroîopé (active)
t'îaîopé (active)
ta peîopé (active)
Imperative (active)
eîopé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîopéî (active)
n'ereîopéî (active)
n'oîopéî (active)
n'oroîopéî (active)
n'îaîopéî (active)
na peîopéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîopé umẽ (active)
t'ereîopé umẽ (active)
t'oîopé umẽ (active)
t'oroîopé umẽ (active)
t'îaîopé umẽ (active)
ta peîopé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîopé umẽ (active)
peîopé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pee'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pébo (gerund)
nde pébo (gerund)
i pébo (gerund)
oré pébo (gerund)
îandé pébo (gerund)
pe pébo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pee'yma (gerund)
nde pee'yma (gerund)
i pee'yma (gerund)
oré pee'yma (gerund)
îandé pee'yma (gerund)
pe pee'yma (gerund)
xe péû (gerund)
i péû (gerund)
oré péû (gerund)
îandé péû (gerund)
xe pee'ymi (gerund)
i pee'ymi (gerund)
oré pee'ymi (gerund)
îandé pee'ymi (gerund)


panema

panema (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute manema)


panema

Nheengatu: panema

→ Brazilian Portuguese: panema

wretch (unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person)


taba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Guaraní táva.

— Umãmepe i momendari?
— Paraíso Terreal taporãngatu pupé.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, edited by Pe. Armando Cardoso, Doutrina Cristã do Catecismo Brasílico, volume I, São Paulo: Edições Loyola, published 1993, page 226:

— Where did he wed them?
— At the Terrestrial Paradise, a very beautiful place.


taba

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tym

head

tym (first-person singular active indicative aîotym, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîotymi, noun tyma)

aîotym (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîotymi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
tyma (noun)
Causative
tymukar
Causative-comitative
erotym
Reflexive
îetym
-ba'e
oîotymyba'e
emi-
emityma／mityma
-pyr
-pyra
i tymbyra／i tymymbyra
-sab
-saba
tymbaba
-sar
-sara
tymbara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîotym (active)
ereîotym (active)
oîotym (active)
oroîotym (active)
îaîotym (active)
peîotym (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîotym (active)
t'ereîotym (active)
t'oîotym (active)
t'oroîotym (active)
t'îaîotym (active)
ta peîotym (active)
Imperative (active)
eîotym (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîotymi (active)
n'ereîotymi (active)
n'oîotymi (active)
n'oroîotymi (active)
n'îaîotymi (active)
na peîotymi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîotym umẽ (active)
t'ereîotym umẽ (active)
t'oîotym umẽ (active)
t'oroîotym umẽ (active)
t'îaîotym umẽ (active)
ta peîotym umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîotym umẽ (active)
peîotym umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tyma (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tyme'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tyma (gerund)
nde tyma (gerund)
i tyma (gerund)
oré tyma (gerund)
îandé tyma (gerund)
pe tyma (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tyme'yma (gerund)
nde tyme'yma (gerund)
i tyme'yma (gerund)
oré tyme'yma (gerund)
îandé tyme'yma (gerund)
pe tyme'yma (gerund)
xe tymi (gerund)
i tymi (gerund)
oré tymi (gerund)
îandé tymi (gerund)
xe tyme'ymi (gerund)
i tyme'ymi (gerund)
oré tyme'ymi (gerund)
îandé tyme'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: yutima

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm (“to plant”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tỹ.

inh+

Sepya'pe, ereîakasó, missa rendupabe'yma. Ere'u memẽ so'o 'aretéreme; ereîkó kopira resé, kó tyma.

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 166; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Out of revenge, you moved out, the reason for which you don't attend Mass. You always ate meat on the days of obligation; you were at the tillage, planting the field.

to plant (to place a plant or seed in soil)

M. Marampe cerecou itîmi yanondê?
D. Aotinga pupê ynhubàni, itá caràmemoã abá timagoereima pupè ymondèpa.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 64v:

What did they do before burying him? / In white clothes they wrapped him and placed him inside a stone tomb where no one was burried.


paka

Nheengatu: paka

desctree

→ Portuguese: paca
→ English: paca
→ Galician: paca

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pak.
Cognate with Guaraní paka.

Paka onhan.
The paca ran.

Pacarupiara[…]

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 73; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Cuniculus paca
Cuniculus paca#Translingual


ker

head

ker (first-person singular active indicative aker, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akeri, noun kera)

aker (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akeri (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kera (noun)
Causative
monger
Causative-comitative
eroker
-ba'e
okeryba'e
-sab
-saba
kesaba／keraba
-sar
-sara
kesara／kerara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aker (active)
ereker (active)
oker (active)
oroker (active)
îaker (active)
peker (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aker (active)
t'ereker (active)
t'oker (active)
t'oroker (active)
t'îaker (active)
ta peker (active)
Imperative (active)
eker (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akeri (active)
n'erekeri (active)
n'okeri (active)
n'orokeri (active)
n'îakeri (active)
na pekeri (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aker umẽ (active)
t'ereker umẽ (active)
t'oker umẽ (active)
t'oroker umẽ (active)
t'îaker umẽ (active)
ta peker umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eker umẽ (active)
peker umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiké (gerund)
eké (gerund)
oké (gerund)
oroké (gerund)
îaké (gerund)
peké (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikere'yma (gerund)
ekere'yma (gerund)
okere'yma (gerund)
orokere'yma (gerund)
îakere'yma (gerund)
pekere'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kera (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kere'yma (infinitive)
xe keri (infinitive)
i keri (infinitive)
oré keri (infinitive)
îandé keri (infinitive)
xe kere'ymi (infinitive)
i kere'ymi (infinitive)
oré kere'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kere'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: kiri

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʲer (“to sleep”), from Proto-Tupian *kʲet (“to sleep”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ke.


somana

Ni ayarôi Ieſu Chriſto tateê teõ çui y yepira puana, Tuba y moingoaba ceô aê y ayarô. Cò ſomana pupè yamoaci, yaçapirô yande jara Ieſu Chriſto a piabamo cecô angaipabepiramo ceõ agoera, tiaça pirobè y ànde angai pabà cecê ceô agoera cuàpa.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Paſsionis Chriſti”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 4:

It doesn't look right to speak up for the death out of Jesus Christ, but it makes sense that his death was the reason his Father made him live. This week we lament and mourn Our Lord Jesus Christ, his death, seen as a man of evil life. Let us also mourn him, acknowledging that his death was because of our sins.


poru

head

poru (first-person singular active indicative aîporu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîporuî, noun poru)

aîporu (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîporuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
poru (noun)
Causative
poruukar
Causative-comitative
eroporu
Reflexive
îeporu
-ba'e
oîporuba'e
emi-
emimoru／mimoru
-pyr
-pyra
i porupyra
-sab
-saba
porûaba／porusaba
-sar
-sara
porûara／porusara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîporu (active)
ereîporu (active)
oîporu (active)
oroîporu (active)
îaîporu (active)
peîporu (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîporu (active)
t'ereîporu (active)
t'oîporu (active)
t'oroîporu (active)
t'îaîporu (active)
ta peîporu (active)
Imperative (active)
eîporu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîporuî (active)
n'ereîporuî (active)
n'oîporuî (active)
n'oroîporuî (active)
n'îaîporuî (active)
na peîporuî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîporu umẽ (active)
t'ereîporu umẽ (active)
t'oîporu umẽ (active)
t'oroîporu umẽ (active)
t'îaîporu umẽ (active)
ta peîporu umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîporu umẽ (active)
peîporu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
poru (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
porue'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe porûabo (gerund)
nde porûabo (gerund)
i porûabo (gerund)
oré porûabo (gerund)
îandé porûabo (gerund)
pe porûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe porue'yma (gerund)
nde porue'yma (gerund)
i porue'yma (gerund)
oré porue'yma (gerund)
îandé porue'yma (gerund)
pe porue'yma (gerund)
xe poruû (gerund)
i poruû (gerund)
oré poruû (gerund)
îandé poruû (gerund)
xe porue'ymi (gerund)
i porue'ymi (gerund)
oré porue'ymi (gerund)
îandé porue'ymi (gerund)

Nheengatu: purú

to practise (to repeat an activity as a way of improving one's skill)

to enjoy (to receive pleasure or satisfaction from something)


poru

aîporu (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîporuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
poru (noun)


poru

poru (first-person singular active indicative aporu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aporuî, noun poru)

aporu (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aporuî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
poru (noun)
Causative
momoru
Causative-comitative
eroporu
-ba'e
oporuba'e
-sab
-saba
porûaba／porusaba
-sar
-sara
porûara／porusara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aporu (active)
ereporu (active)
oporu (active)
oroporu (active)
îaporu (active)
peporu (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aporu (active)
t'ereporu (active)
t'oporu (active)
t'oroporu (active)
t'îaporu (active)
ta peporu (active)
Imperative (active)
eporu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aporuî (active)
n'ereporuî (active)
n'oporuî (active)
n'oroporuî (active)
n'îaporuî (active)
na peporuî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aporu umẽ (active)
t'ereporu umẽ (active)
t'oporu umẽ (active)
t'oroporu umẽ (active)
t'îaporu umẽ (active)
ta peporu umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eporu umẽ (active)
peporu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiporûabo (gerund)
eporûabo (gerund)
oporûabo (gerund)
oroporûabo (gerund)
îaporûabo (gerund)
peporûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiporue'yma (gerund)
eporue'yma (gerund)
oporue'yma (gerund)
oroporue'yma (gerund)
îaporue'yma (gerund)
peporue'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
poru (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
porue'yma (infinitive)
xe poruû (infinitive)
i poruû (infinitive)
oré poruû (infinitive)
îandé poruû (infinitive)
xe porue'ymi (infinitive)
i porue'ymi (infinitive)
oré porue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé porue'ymi (infinitive)


kaba

Nheengatu: kawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caba

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgap.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kavy and Paraguayan Guaraní káva.

wasp (any insect of the family Vespidae)


kaba

Nheengatu: kawa

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *kʲap.

xecâba, decâba, ycâba.

1613, Pero de Castilho, “Câba. Gordura”, in Nomes das partes do corpo humano pella lingua do Brasil; republished as Plínio Ayrosa, editor, São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1937, page 31, line 73:

fat (specialized animal tissue with high lipid content)

Ycaba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Nata do leit”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 48; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


parati

Nheengatu: paratí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: parati

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

grey mullet Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


parati

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

a cultivar of manioc (Manihot esculenta)


papera

Nheengatu: papera

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros)bor.
Latin papȳrusslbor.
Old Catalan paperbor.
Old Galician-Portuguese papel
Portuguese papel
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi papera
Borrowed from Portuguese papel (“paper”).

bor+

Tereyucaucar benhẽ e serã nhandu ẽdebeco xepapera reracoara Maẽ rae amo Ereyucaucariguá aebae ã aicúgoábiguá[…]derigceira Capitão Diogo da Costa aimondo endebe xepapera reracobo coy ã

1645 October 4, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 3):

Are you really going to, as usual, have the deliverer of this letter of mine killed? See, I already know you had the other one killed. Your older brother, Capitão Diogo da Costa, I send carrying my letter now.

Ecemi coxepapera repiaca rupibe

1645 October 17, Diogo da Costa, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 4):

Just leave, as soon as you see this letter of mine.

(Late Tupi) letter (written communication)


Mb

The letter of the Old Tupi alphabet, written in the Latin script.


asé

head

asé (1st class, 3rd person indefinite, dative asébe／asébo)

M Setápe asé ñemongaraíbi?
D Aáni: ojepéñó osý suí asé séma jabé, akuéia jabé ojepéñó asé ñemongaraíbi.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Batismo]”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Catecismo brasílico, volume 1, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 202, line 19:

Master: Do the people baptize themselves many times?
Disciple: Not at all: the same way one is born only once from their mother, the same way one baptize themselves only once.

Acè cîramo bè, emonánámoe, / Xe cî acê eû, y xupê.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IV, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 33v:

[She's] the people's mother too, that's why one says “my mother” to her.

indefinite pronoun, refering to humanity as a whole

Morauçubarecoçape
aceanga erejoçub
Eimoinge pai JEſV
nde membira xepigape

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 28v, lines 29–32; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 66:

Because you have mercy, you visit the people's souls. You make your son Lord Jesus enter in my heart.


resé

Nheengatu: resé


atá

atá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tatá, R1 ratá, R2 satá)

Nheengatu: atá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ata, from Proto-Tupian *atʲa.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tata and Paraguayan Guaraní tata.


kanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaŋ, from Proto-Tupian *kaŋ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kã.

etymon

M. O atá yepé cerà y ij bà mocõya ita pigoâ coaráma rece?
D. Oatá yepè.
M. Marãpe ibiâ cerecou, ymondîca potà?
D. Opaçama pupè yapitiũcequicequij etebo ycanga yeptâçába peabo oyo çuî.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IX, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 62v:

Master: Was his arm too short to reach the place where the nails would go?
Disciple: It was.
Master: What did they do, wanting to draw them closer?
Disciple: With a whole rope they tied it, pulling it a lot and separating its bones from their joints.

Ocanga.

1622, anonymous author, “Madeira, ou madeiramento pa. casas ou de casas.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 27; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

frame (structural elements of a building or other constructed object)


peb

form peba (noun)
Causative
momeb
-ba'e
i peba'e／i pebyba'e
-sab
-saba
pepaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe peb (active)
i peb (active)
oré peb (active)
îandé peb (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe peb (active)
ta nde peb (active)
t'i peb (active)
t'oré peb (active)
t'îandé peb (active)
ta pe peb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pebi (active)
na nde pebi (active)
n'i pebi (active)
n'oré pebi (active)
n'îandé pebi (active)
na pe pebi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde peb umẽ (active)
pe peb umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe peb umẽ (active)
ta nde peb umẽ (active)
t'i peb umẽ (active)
t'oré peb umẽ (active)
t'îandé peb umẽ (active)
ta pe peb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pebamo (gerund)
nde pebamo (gerund)
o pebamo (gerund)
oré pebamo (gerund)
îandé pebamo (gerund)
pe pebamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pebe'ymamo (gerund)
nde pebe'ymamo (gerund)
o pebe'ymamo (gerund)
oré pebe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pebe'ymamo (gerund)
pe pebe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
peba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pebe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pebi (infinitive)
i pebi (infinitive)
oré pebi (infinitive)
îandé pebi (infinitive)
xe pebe'ymi (infinitive)
i pebe'ymi (infinitive)
oré pebe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pebe'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *peβ (“flat”), from Proto-Tupian *pep.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní pe.

inh+

flat; level (having the same height at all places)

flattened; compressed (made flat by something)

wide (having a large physical extent from side to side)


sapatu

Nheengatu: sapatú

amondéb[…]çapatú.

a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Calçar o çapato”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 125, line 61; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI:

Çapatù nhó mirí çabé,
Äé noiocýb cerecoára,
Chapeo iapara oguereco,
Ipòpe bastao mirí oico

a. 1759, anonymous author, “Primeiro relato”, in Lida dos missionários com os sertanejos, page 107, lines 21–24; republished as Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, “A escravização dos índios num texto missionário em língua geral do século XVIII”, in Revista USP, number 78, São Paulo, 2008 August 20, →DOI:

Only small, mouldy shoes the owners don't clean. They have bent hats and have small clubs in their hands.


kyr

form kyra (noun)
Causative
mongyr
-ba'e
i kyryba'e
-sab
-saba
kysaba／kyraba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe kyr (active)
i kyr (active)
oré kyr (active)
îandé kyr (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe kyr (active)
ta nde kyr (active)
t'i kyr (active)
t'oré kyr (active)
t'îandé kyr (active)
ta pe kyr (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe kyri (active)
na nde kyri (active)
n'i kyri (active)
n'oré kyri (active)
n'îandé kyri (active)
na pe kyri (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde kyr umẽ (active)
pe kyr umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe kyr umẽ (active)
ta nde kyr umẽ (active)
t'i kyr umẽ (active)
t'oré kyr umẽ (active)
t'îandé kyr umẽ (active)
ta pe kyr umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kyramo (gerund)
nde kyramo (gerund)
o kyramo (gerund)
oré kyramo (gerund)
îandé kyramo (gerund)
pe kyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kyre'ymamo (gerund)
nde kyre'ymamo (gerund)
o kyre'ymamo (gerund)
oré kyre'ymamo (gerund)
îandé kyre'ymamo (gerund)
pe kyre'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kyra (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kyre'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe kyri (infinitive)
i kyri (infinitive)
oré kyri (infinitive)
îandé kyri (infinitive)
xe kyre'ymi (infinitive)
i kyre'ymi (infinitive)
oré kyre'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kyre'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨr, from Proto-Tupian *kɨt. Doublet of akyr.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ky.

green; unripe (not ready for harvesting)

immature (not fully formed or developed; not grown)

membykyra

gestating; unborn (still in gestation inside the womb)

(of leaves) tender (soft and easily chewed)


kyr

head

kyr (first-person singular active indicative akyr, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akyri, noun kyra)

akyr (active first-person indicative singular)
n'akyri (active first-person indicative negative singular)
kyra (noun)
Causative
mongyr
Causative-comitative
erokyr
-ba'e
okyryba'e
-sab
-saba
kysaba／kyraba
-sar
-sara
kysara／kyrara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
akyr (active)
erekyr (active)
okyr (active)
orokyr (active)
îakyr (active)
pekyr (active)
Permissive (active)
t'akyr (active)
t'erekyr (active)
t'okyr (active)
t'orokyr (active)
t'îakyr (active)
ta pekyr (active)
Imperative (active)
ekyr (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'akyri (active)
n'erekyri (active)
n'okyri (active)
n'orokyri (active)
n'îakyri (active)
na pekyri (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'akyr umẽ (active)
t'erekyr umẽ (active)
t'okyr umẽ (active)
t'orokyr umẽ (active)
t'îakyr umẽ (active)
ta pekyr umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
ekyr umẽ (active)
pekyr umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiky (gerund)
eky (gerund)
oky (gerund)
oroky (gerund)
îaky (gerund)
peky (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûikyre'yma (gerund)
ekyre'yma (gerund)
okyre'yma (gerund)
orokyre'yma (gerund)
îakyre'yma (gerund)
pekyre'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kyra (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kyre'yma (infinitive)
xe kyri (infinitive)
i kyri (infinitive)
oré kyri (infinitive)
îandé kyri (infinitive)
xe kyre'ymi (infinitive)
i kyre'ymi (infinitive)
oré kyre'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kyre'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: kiri

Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní okyha and Mbyá Guaraní oky.


syk

syk (first-person singular active indicative asyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asyki, noun syka)

asyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
syka (noun)
Causative
mondyk
Causative-comitative
erosyk
-ba'e
osykyba'e
-sab
-saba
sykaba
-sar
-sara
sykara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asyk (active)
eresyk (active)
osyk (active)
orosyk (active)
îasyk (active)
pesyk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asyk (active)
t'eresyk (active)
t'osyk (active)
t'orosyk (active)
t'îasyk (active)
ta pesyk (active)
Imperative (active)
esyk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asyki (active)
n'eresyki (active)
n'osyki (active)
n'orosyki (active)
n'îasyki (active)
na pesyki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asyk umẽ (active)
t'eresyk umẽ (active)
t'osyk umẽ (active)
t'orosyk umẽ (active)
t'îasyk umẽ (active)
ta pesyk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esyk umẽ (active)
pesyk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûixyka (gerund)
esyka (gerund)
osyka (gerund)
orosyka (gerund)
îasyka (gerund)
pesyka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûixyke'yma (gerund)
esyke'yma (gerund)
osyke'yma (gerund)
orosyke'yma (gerund)
îasyke'yma (gerund)
pesyke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
syka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
syke'yma (infinitive)
xe syki (infinitive)
i xyki (infinitive)
oré syki (infinitive)
îandé syki (infinitive)
xe syke'ymi (infinitive)
i xyke'ymi (infinitive)
oré syke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé syke'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: syka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨk, from Proto-Tupian *t͡ʃɨk.

inh+

Ka'ape asyk.

to arrive at; to reach [with -pe ‘somewhere’]

to reach; to approach [with esé or ri ‘someone’]

to arrive; to come [with esé ‘some time’]

to attain; to equate; to reach [with esé or upi]


syk

head

syk (first-person singular active indicative aîosyk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîosyki, noun syka)

aîosyk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîosyki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
syka (noun)


kab

form kaba (noun)
Causative
mongab
-ba'e
i kaba'e／i kabyba'e
-sab
-saba
kapaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe kab (active)
i kab (active)
oré kab (active)
îandé kab (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe kab (active)
ta nde kab (active)
t'i kab (active)
t'oré kab (active)
t'îandé kab (active)
ta pe kab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe kabi (active)
na nde kabi (active)
n'i kabi (active)
n'oré kabi (active)
n'îandé kabi (active)
na pe kabi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde kab umẽ (active)
pe kab umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe kab umẽ (active)
ta nde kab umẽ (active)
t'i kab umẽ (active)
t'oré kab umẽ (active)
t'îandé kab umẽ (active)
ta pe kab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe kabamo (gerund)
nde kabamo (gerund)
o kabamo (gerund)
oré kabamo (gerund)
îandé kabamo (gerund)
pe kabamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe kabe'ymamo (gerund)
nde kabe'ymamo (gerund)
o kabe'ymamo (gerund)
oré kabe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé kabe'ymamo (gerund)
pe kabe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
kaba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
kabe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe kabi (infinitive)
i kabi (infinitive)
oré kabi (infinitive)
îandé kabi (infinitive)
xe kabe'ymi (infinitive)
i kabe'ymi (infinitive)
oré kabe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé kabe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: kawa


kamusi

Nheengatu: kamutí

→ Portuguese: camucim

urn (vessel for the remains of a deceased person)

(by extension) cave where those urns were placed