gûyratinga

Nheengatu: wirá-tinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Guiratinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨratiŋ. By surface analysis, gûyrá (“bird”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní guyratĩ.


baîaku

Nheengatu: mamayakú

→ Portuguese: baiacu, baiagu

blowfish; porcupinefish (any species of fish in the order Tetraodontiformes that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe)


samambaîa

Nheengatu: samambaya

→ Portuguese: samambaia (“fern”)

From sama (“rope”) + paîa (“weight”), literally, “weight rope”, or more loosely translated as “pendant rope”, referring to the shape of its leaves.

lit

Tillandsia usneoides
Tillandsia usneoides#Translingual

forked fern (any fern in the genus Dicranopteris)


sagûi

Nheengatu: sawĩ

→ Portuguese: sagui

Callithrix jacchus
Callithrix jacchus#Translingual

(North Tupi) common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

(South Tupi) golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)


îararaka

Nheengatu: yararaka

desctree

→ Portuguese: jararaca
→ English: jararaca
→ Hunsrik: Scharack
→ Polish: żararaka
⇒ Translingual: Bothrops jararaca

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jararak.
Cognate with Guaraní jarara.


îuba

Yapigtejuba.

1622, anonymous author, “Gema de ouo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 147; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


ka'atinga

Nheengatu: kaatinga

desc

→ Paraguayan Guaraní: ka'atĩnga (learned)

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caatinga, Caatinga, catinga
→ English: caatinga

From ka'a (“forest”) + ting (“white”) + -a.

caatinga (sparse, thorny wooded area of northeastern Brazil)


pytang

form pytanga (noun)
Causative
mopytang
-ba'e
i pytangyba'e
-sab
-saba
pytangaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pytang (active)
i pytang (active)
oré pytang (active)
îandé pytang (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pytang (active)
ta nde pytang (active)
t'i pytang (active)
t'oré pytang (active)
t'îandé pytang (active)
ta pe pytang (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pytangi (active)
na nde pytangi (active)
n'i pytangi (active)
n'oré pytangi (active)
n'îandé pytangi (active)
na pe pytangi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pytang umẽ (active)
pe pytang umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pytang umẽ (active)
ta nde pytang umẽ (active)
t'i pytang umẽ (active)
t'oré pytang umẽ (active)
t'îandé pytang umẽ (active)
ta pe pytang umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pytangamo (gerund)
nde pytangamo (gerund)
o pytangamo (gerund)
oré pytangamo (gerund)
îandé pytangamo (gerund)
pe pytangamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pytange'ymamo (gerund)
nde pytange'ymamo (gerund)
o pytange'ymamo (gerund)
oré pytange'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pytange'ymamo (gerund)
pe pytange'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pytanga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pytange'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pytangi (infinitive)
i pytangi (infinitive)
oré pytangi (infinitive)
îandé pytangi (infinitive)
xe pytange'ymi (infinitive)
i pytange'ymi (infinitive)
oré pytange'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pytange'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtaŋ.
Cognate with Guaraní pytã.

inh+

ybyrapytanga

pastelly (having a having a light and low-intensity shade)


pytanga

Nheengatu: pitanga, mitanga

tint (pale or faint tinge of any color; especially, a variation of a color obtained by adding white)


pytanga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanga
→ English: pitanga
→ Hunsrik: Pitange, Pitangebaam


îub

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-uβ／*juβ (“to lie”), from Proto-Tupian *-up／*wup (“to lie”).


îub

form îuba (noun)
Causative
moîub
-ba'e
i îuba'e／i îubyba'e
-sab
-saba
îupaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe îub (active)
i îub (active)
oré îub (active)
îandé îub (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe îub (active)
ta nde îub (active)
t'i îub (active)
t'oré îub (active)
t'îandé îub (active)
ta pe îub (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe îubi (active)
na nde îubi (active)
n'i îubi (active)
n'oré îubi (active)
n'îandé îubi (active)
na pe îubi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde îub umẽ (active)
pe îub umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe îub umẽ (active)
ta nde îub umẽ (active)
t'i îub umẽ (active)
t'oré îub umẽ (active)
t'îandé îub umẽ (active)
ta pe îub umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe îubamo (gerund)
nde îubamo (gerund)
o îubamo (gerund)
oré îubamo (gerund)
îandé îubamo (gerund)
pe îubamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe îube'ymamo (gerund)
nde îube'ymamo (gerund)
o îube'ymamo (gerund)
oré îube'ymamo (gerund)
îandé îube'ymamo (gerund)
pe îube'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
îuba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
îube'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe îubi (infinitive)
i îubi (infinitive)
oré îubi (infinitive)
îandé îubi (infinitive)
xe îube'ymi (infinitive)
i îube'ymi (infinitive)
oré îube'ymi (infinitive)
îandé îube'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juβ (“yellow”), from Proto-Tupian *wup (“red”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ju.


tukana

Nheengatu: tukana

desctree

→ French: toucan m
→ English: toucan
→ Finnish: tukaani

→ New Latin: tucana (learned)

→ Portuguese: tucano m
→ English: Tucano
→ Galician: tucano m
→ Italian: tucano m
→ Nheengatu: tukanu
→ Spanish: tucano m

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.
Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.


surukuku

Nheengatu: surukukú

→ Portuguese: surucucu


kuîmbuka

→ Portuguese: cumbuca, cuiambuca

From kuîa (“calabash”) + bok (“to split”) + -a; thus called because the bowl was made with a half of the split fruit.


taîaoba

⇒ Portuguese: taioba

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

arrowleaf elephant's ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)


gûabiraba

Nheengatu: wawirawa

desctree

→ Portuguese: gabiroba, guabiroba, gabirova, gavirova, guabirova
→ Hunsrik: Gabirob

tree of the species Campomanesia xanthocarpa

(broadly) any tree in the genus Campomanesia


îyboîa

Nheengatu: jibuya

→ Portuguese: jiboia
→ English: jiboya


mandubi

Nheengatu: mandubí

desc

→ Portuguese: mandubi, mendubi, mendubim, amendoim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *manuβi.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní manduvi.

cog

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual


sabîá

→ Portuguese: sabiá

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní havia and Paraguayan Guaraní havía.

thrush (any species of songbirds of the genus Turdus)


eîrara

Nheengatu: irara

desc

Portuguese: → irara, → papa-mel (calque)

⇒? English: tayra

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ar
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirar
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eîraraFrom Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirar + Old Tupi -a. By surface analysis, eíra (“honey”) + ar (“to drink”) + -a, literally “honey drinker”.
Cognate with Guarayu eirar and Guaraní eira.


kapi'i

Nheengatu: kapiĩ

→ Portuguese: capim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔi. By surface analysis, ka'a (“leaf”) + po'i (“slender”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'i.

surf

hay (grass cut and dried for use as animal fodder)

thatch (straw for covering roofs or stacks)


gûanhumũ

→ New Latin: guanhumi

desc

→ Portuguese: guaiamum, guaiamu, gaiamu, goiamu, goiamum, guaiumum


tapi'ira

Nheengatu: tapiira

→ Portuguese: Tapira, tapira, tapiira

desctree

→? French: tapir
→ English: tapir
→ German: Tapir
→ Ottoman Turkish: طاپر
Turkish: tapir
→ Polish: tapir
→ Kashubian: tapir
→? Portuguese: tapir
→? Spanish: tapir
→ Catalan: tapir
→ Dutch: tapir
→ Tagalog: tapir
→ Swedish: tapir

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiʔir.
Cognate with Guajajára tapi'ir and Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i.

inh+

[…]xéreimbâba tapiîra

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 14v:

Le langaige du breſiL
w:Le langaige du Bresil

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique

tapi'ikaba

Tapijra oço ogoapixara pyri[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:


aob

head

aob (first-person singular active indicative aîaob, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîaobi, noun aoba)

aîaob (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîaobi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
aoba (noun)
Causative
aobukar
Causative-comitative
eroaob
Reflexive
îeaob
-ba'e
oîaoba'e
emi-
emiaoba／miaoba
-pyr
-pyra
i aobypyra
-sab
-saba
aopaba
-sar
-sara
aopara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîaob (active)
ereîaob (active)
oîaob (active)
oroîaob (active)
îaîaob (active)
peîaob (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîaob (active)
t'ereîaob (active)
t'oîaob (active)
t'oroîaob (active)
t'îaîaob (active)
ta peîaob (active)
Imperative (active)
eîaob (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîaobi (active)
n'ereîaobi (active)
n'oîaobi (active)
n'oroîaobi (active)
n'îaîaobi (active)
na peîaobi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîaob umẽ (active)
t'ereîaob umẽ (active)
t'oîaob umẽ (active)
t'oroîaob umẽ (active)
t'îaîaob umẽ (active)
ta peîaob umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîaob umẽ (active)
peîaob umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
aoba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
aobe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe aopa (gerund)
nde aopa (gerund)
i aopa (gerund)
oré aopa (gerund)
îandé aopa (gerund)
pe aopa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe aobe'yma (gerund)
nde aobe'yma (gerund)
i aobe'yma (gerund)
oré aobe'yma (gerund)
îandé aobe'yma (gerund)
pe aobe'yma (gerund)
xe aobi (gerund)
i aobi (gerund)
oré aobi (gerund)
îandé aobi (gerund)
xe aobe'ymi (gerund)
i aobe'ymi (gerund)
oré aobe'ymi (gerund)
îandé aobe'ymi (gerund)

to cover (to place something over or upon, as to conceal or protect)


'ybakamusi

→ Portuguese: Cambuci, cambuci

A tropical fruit tree native to South America (Campomanesia phaea).


aîpĩ

→ Portuguese: aipim

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual


makaxera

⇒ Portuguese: macaxeira


arasá

Nheengatu: arasá

→ Portuguese: araçá


peke'i

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pequi

Caryocar brasiliense, a tree native to the Brazilian cerrado


komixã

→ Portuguese: grumixama


aratiku

Nheengatu: aratikú

→ Portuguese: araticum, araticu (dated)

A tropical fruit tree native to South America (Annona crassiflora)

(broadly) custard apple (any tree in the genus Annona)


e'õ

e'õ (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute te'õ, R1 re'õ, R2 se'õ)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-eʔõ (“to die”), from Proto-Tupian *eʔõ (“to die”).
Cognate with Guaraní e'õ and Eastern Bolivian Guaraní tẽo.

inh+

Opá te'õ îandé mondyki.

1952 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, Catecismo na Língua Brasílica, Rio de Janeiro: PUC, page 315:

numbing (the act by which something is numbed)


e'õ

head

e'õ (IIa class pluriform, R1 re'õ, R2 se'õ, noun form e'õ)


tapi'oka

Nheengatu: tipiáka

desctree

→ Portuguese: tapioca
→ Armenian: տապիոկա (tapioka)
→ Esperanto: tapioko
→ English: tapioca
→ Maori: tapioka
→ Marshallese: tapioka
→ Tagalog: tapyoka
→ Finnish: tapioka
→ French: tapioca
→ Ottoman Turkish: تاپیوقا
Turkish: tapyoka
→ Romanian: tapiocă
→ German: Tapioka
→ Indonesian: tapioka
→ Japanese: タピオカ
→ Spanish: tapioca

tapioca (starchy food made from cassava)


'ybapytanga

/ʔɨˌβa.pɨˈtã.ŋa/

From 'ybá (“fruit”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.


tare'ira

Nheengatu: tarira

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: traíra
→ English: trahira
→ Hunsrik: Traira

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tareʔir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tare'y.


'ybá

Nheengatu: iyá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa (“fruit”). By surface analysis, 'yba (“plant”) + 'a (“fruit”).
Cognate with Guaraní yva.


mani'oka

Nheengatu: maniáka

desctree

→ Portuguese: mandioca
→ Spanish: mandioca
→ Middle French: manioc
French: manioc
→ German: Maniok
→ Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
Turkish: manyok
→ Romanian: manioc
→ English: manioc
→ Lingala: manyɔ́kɔ
→ Romanian: manioc
→ Kongo: mandioko

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *maniʔok. By surface analysis, *mani + 'ok + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní mandi'o.

inh+

manioc; cassava root (Manihot esculenta)


îabyru

Nheengatu: yaburú

desctree

→ Portuguese: jaburu, jabiru
→ English: jabiru

Jabiru mycteria
Jabiru mycteria#Translingual


îuriti

Nheengatu: yurutí

→ Portuguese: juriti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juriti.
Cognate with Guaraní jeruti.


tuîuk

form tuîuka (noun)
Causative
monduîuk
-ba'e
i tuîukyba'e
-sab
-saba
tuîukaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe tuîuk (active)
i tuîuk (active)
oré tuîuk (active)
îandé tuîuk (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe tuîuk (active)
ta nde tuîuk (active)
t'i tuîuk (active)
t'oré tuîuk (active)
t'îandé tuîuk (active)
ta pe tuîuk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe tuîuki (active)
na nde tuîuki (active)
n'i tuîuki (active)
n'oré tuîuki (active)
n'îandé tuîuki (active)
na pe tuîuki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde tuîuk umẽ (active)
pe tuîuk umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe tuîuk umẽ (active)
ta nde tuîuk umẽ (active)
t'i tuîuk umẽ (active)
t'oré tuîuk umẽ (active)
t'îandé tuîuk umẽ (active)
ta pe tuîuk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tuîukamo (gerund)
nde tuîukamo (gerund)
o tuîukamo (gerund)
oré tuîukamo (gerund)
îandé tuîukamo (gerund)
pe tuîukamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
nde tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
o tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
oré tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
pe tuîuke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tuîuka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tuîuke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe tuîuki (infinitive)
i tuîuki (infinitive)
oré tuîuki (infinitive)
îandé tuîuki (infinitive)
xe tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
i tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
oré tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)

Near-synonym: (of inorganic matter) îuk


tuîuk

head

tuîuk (first-person singular active indicative atuîuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'atuîuki, noun tuîuka)

atuîuk (active first-person indicative singular)
n'atuîuki (active first-person indicative negative singular)
tuîuka (noun)
Causative
monduîuk
Causative-comitative
erotuîuk
-ba'e
otuîukyba'e
-sab
-saba
tuîukaba
-sar
-sara
tuîukara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
atuîuk (active)
eretuîuk (active)
otuîuk (active)
orotuîuk (active)
îatuîuk (active)
petuîuk (active)
Permissive (active)
t'atuîuk (active)
t'eretuîuk (active)
t'otuîuk (active)
t'orotuîuk (active)
t'îatuîuk (active)
ta petuîuk (active)
Imperative (active)
etuîuk (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'atuîuki (active)
n'eretuîuki (active)
n'otuîuki (active)
n'orotuîuki (active)
n'îatuîuki (active)
na petuîuki (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'atuîuk umẽ (active)
t'eretuîuk umẽ (active)
t'otuîuk umẽ (active)
t'orotuîuk umẽ (active)
t'îatuîuk umẽ (active)
ta petuîuk umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
etuîuk umẽ (active)
petuîuk umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûituîuka (gerund)
etuîuka (gerund)
otuîuka (gerund)
orotuîuka (gerund)
îatuîuka (gerund)
petuîuka (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûituîuke'yma (gerund)
etuîuke'yma (gerund)
otuîuke'yma (gerund)
orotuîuke'yma (gerund)
îatuîuke'yma (gerund)
petuîuke'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tuîuka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tuîuke'yma (infinitive)
xe tuîuki (infinitive)
i tuîuki (infinitive)
oré tuîuki (infinitive)
îandé tuîuki (infinitive)
xe tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
i tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
oré tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tuîuke'ymi (infinitive)


berab

form beraba (noun)
Causative
moberab
-ba'e
i beraba'e／i berabyba'e
-sab
-saba
berapaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe berab (active)
i berab (active)
oré berab (active)
îandé berab (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe berab (active)
ta nde berab (active)
t'i berab (active)
t'oré berab (active)
t'îandé berab (active)
ta pe berab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe berabi (active)
na nde berabi (active)
n'i berabi (active)
n'oré berabi (active)
n'îandé berabi (active)
na pe berabi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde berab umẽ (active)
pe berab umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe berab umẽ (active)
ta nde berab umẽ (active)
t'i berab umẽ (active)
t'oré berab umẽ (active)
t'îandé berab umẽ (active)
ta pe berab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe berabamo (gerund)
nde berabamo (gerund)
o berabamo (gerund)
oré berabamo (gerund)
îandé berabamo (gerund)
pe berabamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe berabe'ymamo (gerund)
nde berabe'ymamo (gerund)
o berabe'ymamo (gerund)
oré berabe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé berabe'ymamo (gerund)
pe berabe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
beraba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
berabe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe berabi (infinitive)
i berabi (infinitive)
oré berabi (infinitive)
îandé berabi (infinitive)
xe berabe'ymi (infinitive)
i berabe'ymi (infinitive)
oré berabe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé berabe'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *βeraβ, from Proto-Tupian *pʷˀerap.

inh+

Coordinate term: endy


berab

head

berab (first-person singular active indicative aberab, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aberabi, noun beraba)

aberab (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aberabi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
beraba (noun)
Causative
moberab
Causative-comitative
eroberab
-ba'e
oberaba'e
-sab
-saba
berapaba
-sar
-sara
berapara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aberab (active)
ereberab (active)
oberab (active)
oroberab (active)
îaberab (active)
peberab (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aberab (active)
t'ereberab (active)
t'oberab (active)
t'oroberab (active)
t'îaberab (active)
ta peberab (active)
Imperative (active)
eberab (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aberabi (active)
n'ereberabi (active)
n'oberabi (active)
n'oroberabi (active)
n'îaberabi (active)
na peberabi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aberab umẽ (active)
t'ereberab umẽ (active)
t'oberab umẽ (active)
t'oroberab umẽ (active)
t'îaberab umẽ (active)
ta peberab umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eberab umẽ (active)
peberab umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûiberapa (gerund)
eberapa (gerund)
oberapa (gerund)
oroberapa (gerund)
îaberapa (gerund)
peberapa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûiberabe'yma (gerund)
eberabe'yma (gerund)
oberabe'yma (gerund)
oroberabe'yma (gerund)
îaberabe'yma (gerund)
peberabe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
beraba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
berabe'yma (infinitive)
xe berabi (infinitive)
i berabi (infinitive)
oré berabi (infinitive)
îandé berabi (infinitive)
xe berabe'ymi (infinitive)
i berabe'ymi (infinitive)
oré berabe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé berabe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: werá


uruku

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku, from Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku.
Cognate with Guaraní uruku.

inh+

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual


uruku

Nheengatu: urukú

→ Portuguese: urucum, urucu

achiote (orange-red dye obtained from the anchiote seed)


kupu'yûasu

desctree

Nheengatu: kupuasú
→ Brazilian Portuguese: cupuaçu
→ English: cupuassu
→ Spanish: cupuazú
→ Curripaco: kopowaso
→ Tariana: kupuasú
→ Yuhup: kupuwasú

From *kupu'y (“cupuí”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

(North Tupi) cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)


migûá

Nheengatu: miwá

desctree

→ Portuguese: biguá
→ Dutch: bigua-aalscholver

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *miwa.
Cognate with Guaraní mbigua.

Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Phalacrocorax brasilianus#Translingual

neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)


katinga

Nheengatu: katinga

→ Portuguese: catinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *katiŋ. By surface analysis, aby'aka (“stench”) + ting (“nauseous”) + -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kaxĩ.

surf

funk (foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odour)


mokyrana

→ Portuguese: muquirana

Pediculus humanus humanus
Wikispecies:Pediculus humanus humanus


Sumé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Sumé

Pay, Sumê pipuera a angâba aé[…]

1663, Simão de Vasconcellos, Chronica da Companhia de Jesu do Estado do Brasil, Livro primeiro (overall work in Portuguese), Lisboa: Henrique Valente de Oliveira, page 113, column 1:

name of an entity from Tupi mythology that would have taught humanity about the use of fire, tools and agriculture


mba'etatá

Nheengatu: mbaetatá

desc

→ Portuguese: boitatá, baitatá, batatá, biatatá, bata, batatão


tyb

form tyba (noun)
Causative
motyb
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
i tyb (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
t'i tyb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'i tybi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'i tyb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tyba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tybe'yma (infinitive)

Ni tîbi aêpe yaceô, mbaeacî nitibi, nitibi ambiacî, vceyà bênitibî[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 167:

There, there is no crying, there is no disease, there is no hunger and there is no thirst.


mba'e

form mba'e (noun)
Causative
momba'e
-ba'e
i mba'eba'e
-sab
-saba
mba'esaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe mba'e (active)
i mba'e (active)
oré mba'e (active)
îandé mba'e (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe mba'e (active)
ta nde mba'e (active)
t'i mba'e (active)
t'oré mba'e (active)
t'îandé mba'e (active)
ta pe mba'e (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe mba'eî (active)
na nde mba'eî (active)
n'i mba'eî (active)
n'oré mba'eî (active)
n'îandé mba'eî (active)
na pe mba'eî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde mba'e umẽ (active)
pe mba'e umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe mba'e umẽ (active)
ta nde mba'e umẽ (active)
t'i mba'e umẽ (active)
t'oré mba'e umẽ (active)
t'îandé mba'e umẽ (active)
ta pe mba'e umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mba'eramo (gerund)
nde mba'eramo (gerund)
o mba'eramo (gerund)
oré mba'eramo (gerund)
îandé mba'eramo (gerund)
pe mba'eramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
nde mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
o mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
oré mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
pe mba'ee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mba'e (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mba'ee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe mba'eû (infinitive)
i mba'eû (infinitive)
oré mba'eû (infinitive)
îandé mba'eû (infinitive)
xe mba'ee'ymi (infinitive)
i mba'ee'ymi (infinitive)
oré mba'ee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé mba'ee'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *maʔe. The euphemistc use for the penis is a semantic loan from Portuguese membro.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní mba'e.


mba'e

Baetepe peçeca
co xeretama pupe?

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 66v, lines 301–302; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 124:

But what do you seek in this land of mine?


mba'e

Bae ete caugoaçu
caõy moyebiyebira,
aipo cauçucatupira,
aipo anhe yamombeu,
aipo imomorangimbira.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 60v, lines 42–46; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 112:

A very good thing is binge drinking, to be vomiting cauim. That's what should be well steemed, we trully proclaim that, that's what should be praised.

thing (that which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept)

Ereyemomotápe abà mbaè recè: mbaé cátu jaramo cecó moaciabo?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 109v:

Did you covet someone's things, envying the possessor of many things?

thing (an individual object or distinct entity)

Anjo. Deitee nderuumuçu
aba anga momoxiabo
baeuuma tayaçu
oroapi cori yandu
ſarau. Acai, teume xerapiabo.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 71, lines 499–503; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: For that very reason your dirtiness misshapes the men's souls. You muddy thing, you pig! I'm gonna burn you today as always.
Saraûaîa: Enough, quit your burning!

(derogatory, in compounds) thing (a living being or creature)

Epè-noeré-coih?peroupichah-mae?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 362:

provision; supply (food obtained for future use)

Aiquîtigquîtigc[…]Baecaguera pupe.

1622, anonymous author, “Enseuar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 117; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Jmbaepepe ynhigbõu?

1622, anonymous author, “Membro, ou parte do corpo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 35; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

In which limb did they hit you with an arrow?

"Oútemo ké kuñã xe posé" erépe, nde mbaé pýmamo?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Sextum Mandatum]”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 93, line 53:

Have you said "I wish a woman came here to my side!", being your member hard?

(folklore) bogey (hostile supernatural creature)


mba'e

Nheengatu: maã

Oipórarâpe mbaéamo aépe oicobone?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IX, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 48:

(affirmative) something; anything [(sometimes) with amõ]

Xepoi ucate yepe
quecebe bae nauj
agoata coarapucui
dererapoana rece.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 167v, lines 15–18; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 313:

Let you, at last, feed me. I haven't eaten anything since yesterday. I walked the whole day because of your fame.

(negative) nothing; anything [(sometimes) with amõ]


kapi'iûara

Nheengatu: kapiwara

→ Portuguese: capivara

→ English: capybara

→ Spanish: capibara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔiβar. By surface analysis, kapi'i (“grass”) + gûara (“eater”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'yva.

surf

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual


o'o

head

o'o (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute to'o, R1 ro'o, R2 so'o)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oʔo (“meat”), from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní so'o.

inh+

meat; flesh (muscle tissue of an animal)


eté

head

eté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teté, R1 reté, R2 seté)


eté

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eta (“too”). Doublet of etá.
Cognate with Guaraní heta, -ete.


eté

head

eté (IIa class pluriform, R1 reté, R2 seté, noun form eté)

Nheengatu: -ité

karaibeté


eté

Nheengatu: reté (“very”)


xema

Alternative form of sema following a word ending in i, î or y


pupuk

Xerobapupuc

1622, anonymous author, “Bexigozo ser do rosto”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 55; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

ra'ypupuka


akûeî

⇒ Nheengatu: akuiramé


pindoba

Nheengatu: pindawa

→ Portuguese: pindoba, pindova

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pinoβ.

etymon

Meronym: inaîá

Attalea oleifera
Attalea oleifera#Translingual

palm tree of the species Attalea oleifera


mba'ekugûaba

mba'e (“thing”) + kugûab (“to know”) + -a


mba'ekugûaba

Leonardo do Vale, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica (São Paulo, 1622):
Xe mba'ekugûab.
I am wise.


andyrá

Nheengatu: andirá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: andirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *anɨra.

inh+

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica?
Andira ruâpee.
Panama, coipo guaiquica?
enero, cururu açica?
eri, carigueya e.
Ejori
baenẽ baepoxi
bora, miaratacaca
ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij
auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled frog? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

bat (any flying mammal of the order Chiroptera)

(strictly) common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus)


u'i

Nheengatu: uí


ro'y

Nheengatu: uí, ruí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *roʔɨ (“cold”).
Cognate with Guaraní ro'y.


'ar

head

'ar (first-person singular active indicative a'ar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'a'ari, noun 'ara)

a'ar (active first-person indicative singular)
n'a'ari (active first-person indicative negative singular)
'ara (noun)
Causative
mo'ar
Causative-comitative
ero'ar
-ba'e
o'aryba'e
-sab
-saba
'asaba／'araba
-sar
-sara
'asara／'arara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
a'ar (active)
ere'ar (active)
o'ar (active)
oro'ar (active)
îa'ar (active)
pe'ar (active)
Permissive (active)
t'a'ar (active)
t'ere'ar (active)
t'o'ar (active)
t'oro'ar (active)
t'îa'ar (active)
ta pe'ar (active)
Imperative (active)
e'ar (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'a'ari (active)
n'ere'ari (active)
n'o'ari (active)
n'oro'ari (active)
n'îa'ari (active)
na pe'ari (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'a'ar umẽ (active)
t'ere'ar umẽ (active)
t'o'ar umẽ (active)
t'oro'ar umẽ (active)
t'îa'ar umẽ (active)
ta pe'ar umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
e'ar umẽ (active)
pe'ar umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûi'á (gerund)
e'á (gerund)
o'á (gerund)
oro'á (gerund)
îa'á (gerund)
pe'á (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûi'are'yma (gerund)
e'are'yma (gerund)
o'are'yma (gerund)
oro'are'yma (gerund)
îa'are'yma (gerund)
pe'are'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
'ara (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
'are'yma (infinitive)
xe 'ari (infinitive)
i 'ari (infinitive)
oré 'ari (infinitive)
îandé 'ari (infinitive)
xe 'are'ymi (infinitive)
i 'are'ymi (infinitive)
oré 'are'ymi (infinitive)
îandé 'are'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: wari

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaT (“to be born, to fall”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁaT (“to fall”).

inh+

to ascertain; to understand [with esé ‘about something’]


ypy

form ypy (noun)
Causative
moypy
-ba'e
i ypyba'e
-sab
-saba
ypŷaba／ypysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe ypy (active)
i ypy (active)
oré ypy (active)
îandé ypy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe ypy (active)
ta nde ypy (active)
t'i ypy (active)
t'oré ypy (active)
t'îandé ypy (active)
ta pe ypy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe ypyî (active)
na nde ypyî (active)
n'i ypyî (active)
n'oré ypyî (active)
n'îandé ypyî (active)
na pe ypyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde ypy umẽ (active)
pe ypy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe ypy umẽ (active)
ta nde ypy umẽ (active)
t'i ypy umẽ (active)
t'oré ypy umẽ (active)
t'îandé ypy umẽ (active)
ta pe ypy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe ypyramo (gerund)
nde ypyramo (gerund)
o ypyramo (gerund)
oré ypyramo (gerund)
îandé ypyramo (gerund)
pe ypyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ypye'ymamo (gerund)
nde ypye'ymamo (gerund)
o ypye'ymamo (gerund)
oré ypye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé ypye'ymamo (gerund)
pe ypye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ypy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ypye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe ypyû (infinitive)
i ypyû (infinitive)
oré ypyû (infinitive)
îandé ypyû (infinitive)
xe ypye'ymi (infinitive)
i ypye'ymi (infinitive)
oré ypye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé ypye'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨpɨ (“base of a tree”), from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨpˀɨ (“tree trunk”).
Cognate with Guaraní ypy.

inh+

original; initial (pertaining to the beginning, cause or origin)


ypy

Nheengatu: ipí

first (person or thing in the first position)

base; basis; foundation (supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object)


ypy

head

ypy (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute typy, R1 rypy, R2 typy)

Nheengatu: ipí, tipí, ripí


ypy

ypy (IIb class pluriform, R1 rypy, R2 typy, noun form ypy)

form ypy (noun)
Causative
moypy
-ba'e
typyba'e
-sab
-saba
ypŷaba／ypysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rypy (active)
typy (active)
oré rypy (active)
îandé rypy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rypy (active)
ta nde rypy (active)
ta typy (active)
t'oré rypy (active)
t'îandé rypy (active)
ta pe rypy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rypyî (active)
na nde rypyî (active)
na typyî (active)
n'oré rypyî (active)
n'îandé rypyî (active)
na pe rypyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rypy umẽ (active)
pe rypy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rypy umẽ (active)
ta nde rypy umẽ (active)
ta typy umẽ (active)
t'oré rypy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rypy umẽ (active)
ta pe rypy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rypyramo (gerund)
nde rypyramo (gerund)
o ypyramo (gerund)
oré rypyramo (gerund)
îandé rypyramo (gerund)
pe rypyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rypye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rypye'ymamo (gerund)
o ypye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rypye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rypye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rypye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ypy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ypye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rypyû (infinitive)
typyû (infinitive)
oré rypyû (infinitive)
îandé rypyû (infinitive)
xe rypye'ymi (infinitive)
typye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rypye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rypye'ymi (infinitive)


ypy

ypy (first-person singular active indicative aîypy, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîypyî, noun ypy)

aîypy (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîypyî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
ypy (noun)
Causative
ypyukar
Causative-comitative
eroypy
Reflexive
îeypy
-ba'e
oîypyba'e
emi-
emiypy／miypy
-pyr
-pyra
i ypypyra
-sab
-saba
ypŷaba／ypysaba
-sar
-sara
ypŷara／ypysara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîypy (active)
ereîypy (active)
oîypy (active)
oroîypy (active)
îaîypy (active)
peîypy (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîypy (active)
t'ereîypy (active)
t'oîypy (active)
t'oroîypy (active)
t'îaîypy (active)
ta peîypy (active)
Imperative (active)
eîypy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîypyî (active)
n'ereîypyî (active)
n'oîypyî (active)
n'oroîypyî (active)
n'îaîypyî (active)
na peîypyî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîypy umẽ (active)
t'ereîypy umẽ (active)
t'oîypy umẽ (active)
t'oroîypy umẽ (active)
t'îaîypy umẽ (active)
ta peîypy umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîypy umẽ (active)
peîypy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ypy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ypye'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe ypŷabo (gerund)
nde ypŷabo (gerund)
i ypŷabo (gerund)
oré ypŷabo (gerund)
îandé ypŷabo (gerund)
pe ypŷabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe ypye'yma (gerund)
nde ypye'yma (gerund)
i ypye'yma (gerund)
oré ypye'yma (gerund)
îandé ypye'yma (gerund)
pe ypye'yma (gerund)
xe ypyû (gerund)
i ypyû (gerund)
oré ypyû (gerund)
îandé ypyû (gerund)
xe ypye'ymi (gerund)
i ypye'ymi (gerund)
oré ypye'ymi (gerund)
îandé ypye'ymi (gerund)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eíraFrom Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ei and Paraguayan Guaraní eíra.

etymon

honey (sweet substance produced by bees)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

→ Brazilian Portuguese: irá

meliponine (any stingless bee of the tribe Meliponini)


pa'i

Nheengatu: paí

mister (term of address to an adult male)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) father (term of address to a priest)

Xe reroketé pa'i

(Christianity, Late Tupi, by extension) priest, clergyman


py'a

head

py'a (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute my'a)

Nheengatu: piá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨʔa (“liver”), from Proto-Tupian *pɨʔa (“liver”).
Cognate with Guaraní py'a.

inh+

ſar.[…]Yia muru, ipiapuera
xepotabamo toico.
Aimb. xe cori ipia çoo.
ſara. tou yande roipiroera
çeçe pabê tiaixoo.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66, lines 739–743; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Saraûaîa: […] Serves them right! Their severed livers are gonna be my portion.
Aîmbiré: Today I want their loin.
Saraûaîa: The one's that stayed at our houses shall eat them. We should invite everyone because of them.

Ché-puyac.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 365:

Xepiaecotebẽ.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 36; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(figuratively) heart (source of one's feelings and emotions)

(figuratively) mind; brains (source of one's thoughts and awareness)

Acoeime aicotebẽ
Xerecopochipuruabo
taiticpac coty ypeabo
xenhiãme tereique
Xepig-a moingatuabo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 130, lines 27-31:

In the past, I was anguished, commiting wrongdoings. May I throw away all traps, repelling them. May you enter in my heart, protecting my core.

(figuratively) core; bowels (deepest or innermost part)


ye'ẽ

— Marãnamope peîapó aîpó ye'ẽ? — Oroîapó, îagûara xe boîá ra'yra gûarûera mbo'asagûama resé.

— Why are you making that pitfall? — We are making it to catch the jaguar that ate my servant's son.

(hapax) pitfall (trap consisting of a concealed pit in the ground)


xy

Alternative form of sy following a word ending in i, î or y


a'y

Nheengatu: aí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aí, aígue
→ English: ai

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aʔi, from Proto-Tupian *aʔi.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní a'i.

Coordinate term: una'u

brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)


mongaru

head

mongaru (first-person singular active indicative aîmongaru, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmongaruî, noun mongaru)

aîmongaru (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmongaruî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mongaru (noun)
Causative
mongaruukar
Reflexive
îemongaru
-ba'e
oîmongaruba'e
emi-
emimongaru／mimongaru
-pyr
-pyra
i mongarupyra
-sab
-saba
mongarûaba／mongarusaba
-sar
-sara
mongarûara／mongarusara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmongaru (active)
ereîmongaru (active)
oîmongaru (active)
oroîmongaru (active)
îaîmongaru (active)
peîmongaru (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmongaru (active)
t'ereîmongaru (active)
t'oîmongaru (active)
t'oroîmongaru (active)
t'îaîmongaru (active)
ta peîmongaru (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmongaru (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmongaruî (active)
n'ereîmongaruî (active)
n'oîmongaruî (active)
n'oroîmongaruî (active)
n'îaîmongaruî (active)
na peîmongaruî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmongaru umẽ (active)
t'ereîmongaru umẽ (active)
t'oîmongaru umẽ (active)
t'oroîmongaru umẽ (active)
t'îaîmongaru umẽ (active)
ta peîmongaru umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmongaru umẽ (active)
peîmongaru umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mongaru (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mongarue'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mongarûabo (gerund)
nde mongarûabo (gerund)
i mongarûabo (gerund)
oré mongarûabo (gerund)
îandé mongarûabo (gerund)
pe mongarûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mongarue'yma (gerund)
nde mongarue'yma (gerund)
i mongarue'yma (gerund)
oré mongarue'yma (gerund)
îandé mongarue'yma (gerund)
pe mongarue'yma (gerund)
xe mongaruû (gerund)
i mongaruû (gerund)
oré mongaruû (gerund)
îandé mongaruû (gerund)
xe mongarue'ymi (gerund)
i mongarue'ymi (gerund)
oré mongarue'ymi (gerund)
îandé mongarue'ymi (gerund)

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mongaru. By surface analysis, mo- + karu.


xu'u

Alternative form of su'u following a word ending in i, î or y


tupã

Nheengatu: tupã, tupana

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã.


musurana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: muçurana

From musu (“swamp eel”) + ran (“false”) + -a.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 64; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

a rope tied to the waist of the prisioner who would be killed in the anthropophagic ritual


so'o

Nheengatu: suú

[…]çoô, pirà, guîrà retãmeengàba ê ycô ára[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter 4, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 166v:

This world is the true promised land of the beasts of venery, fishes and birds.

game; beast of venery (wild animal hunted for food)

Ageroure soo ressé.

1613–1614, Yves d'Évreux, chapter XXIII, in Suitte de l'histoire des choses plus memorables advenues en Maragnan es années 1613 et 1614 (overall work in French), Paris: François Huby, published 1615, page 97:


so'o

head

so'o (first-person singular active indicative aîxo'o, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîxo'oî, noun so'o)

aîxo'o (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîxo'oî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
so'o (noun)
Causative
so'oukar
Causative-comitative
eroso'o
Reflexive
îeso'o
-ba'e
oîxo'oba'e
emi-
emindo'o／mindo'o
-pyr
-pyra
i xo'opyra
-sab
-saba
so'ûaba／so'osaba
-sar
-sara
so'ûara／so'osara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîxo'o (active)
ereîxo'o (active)
oîxo'o (active)
oroîxo'o (active)
îaîxo'o (active)
peîxo'o (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîxo'o (active)
t'ereîxo'o (active)
t'oîxo'o (active)
t'oroîxo'o (active)
t'îaîxo'o (active)
ta peîxo'o (active)
Imperative (active)
eîxo'o (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîxo'oî (active)
n'ereîxo'oî (active)
n'oîxo'oî (active)
n'oroîxo'oî (active)
n'îaîxo'oî (active)
na peîxo'oî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîxo'o umẽ (active)
t'ereîxo'o umẽ (active)
t'oîxo'o umẽ (active)
t'oroîxo'o umẽ (active)
t'îaîxo'o umẽ (active)
ta peîxo'o umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîxo'o umẽ (active)
peîxo'o umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
so'o (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
so'oe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe so'ûabo (gerund)
nde so'ûabo (gerund)
i xo'ûabo (gerund)
oré so'ûabo (gerund)
îandé so'ûabo (gerund)
pe so'ûabo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe so'oe'yma (gerund)
nde so'oe'yma (gerund)
i xo'oe'yma (gerund)
oré so'oe'yma (gerund)
îandé so'oe'yma (gerund)
pe so'oe'yma (gerund)
xe so'oû (gerund)
i xo'oû (gerund)
oré so'oû (gerund)
îandé so'oû (gerund)
xe so'oe'ymi (gerund)
i xo'oe'ymi (gerund)
oré so'oe'ymi (gerund)
îandé so'oe'ymi (gerund)

Oporacacab aba.
aete caõu poaitara
apiaba çoguabopa.
Morubixa, moçacara
tei yxebo, oyabanga.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 68v, lines 385–389; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 128:

They censor someone? But they are the ones who order cauim, inviting all the men and definitely saying: “May the chieftains and noble men be with me!”


so'o

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ku'a

Nheengatu: kuá


apixara

head

apixara (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tapixara, R1 rapixara, R2 sapixara)

Tapi'ira osó ogû apixara pyri.

L. Figueira, Arte da Língua brasilica (1621)

The bull went close to its own companion(s).

a colleague, a companion, someone on the same status in the indigenous society, a simile, mate, friend

Nde rapixara pixé, mba'enem-y îu!

Thou art like a scorch, you stinking thing!


kuîa

kuîa (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute kuîa, R1 rekuîa, R2 sekuîa, R3 o ekuîa)

Nheengatu: kuya

desctree

→ Portuguese: cuia, cuya (obsolete)
→ Hunsrik: Kui

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuj.
Cognate with Tocantins Asurini kosa, Cocama kuja, Aurá kwi and Tembé kuj.

Crescentia cujete
Crescentia cujete#Translingual

calabash (fruit of the calabash tree Crescentia cujete)


kuîa

fall, in the sense of detaching from something


mo'ema

head

mo'ema (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mo'ema, R1 remo'ema, R2 semo'ema, R3 o emo'ema)


irũ

...Peîori, xe irũ-etá ...

a companion, partner in the same profession


irũ

Ne'ĩ, t'ereîkó pa'i Nikorá irũ.

T'aîkó nde irũ.


kanindé

Nheengatu: kanindé

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → canindé, → Cananéia, ⇒ arara-canindé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kanine
Cognate with Guaraní kaninde.

inh+

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 62; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

blue-and-yellow macaw
blue-and-yellow macaw


ararakanga

Nheengatu: ararakanga

→ New Latin: aracanga (learned)

→ English: aracanga (learned)

desctree

→ Portuguese: araracanga
→ English: araracanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararakaŋ. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + akanga (“head”).


araruna

Nheengatu: araruna, arara-una

→ Portuguese: araruna, araraúna

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararun. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + un (“dark”) + -a.

surf

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus#Translingual

hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)


marakanã

Nheengatu: marakanã

→ Portuguese: maracanã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakanã.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní marakana.


ka'aîara

→ Portuguese: caajara

From ka'a (“forest”) + îara (“lord”), literally, “forest lord”, or more loosely translated as “the one who rules the forest”.

lit

mantis (any insect in the order Mantodea)


tapi'irapé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Tapirapé

By surface analysis, tapi'ira (“tapir”) + pé (“path”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i rape and Paraguayan Guaraní Mborevi Rape.

surf

(astronomy, hapax) Milky Way (broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky)


tukanusu

desc

→ Portuguese: tucanuçu, tucanaçu, tucano-açu, → tucano-grande (calque)

From tukana (“toucan”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

João Capistrano de Abreu
w:João Capistrano de Abreu

(North Tupi, now historical) a non-Tupian tribe that lived in Northeast Brazil


siriapûã

→ Portuguese: siripuã

From siri (“crab”) + apûã (“point”), literally “pointy crab”, referring to the big thorns on its appendages.


agûarausá

desc

→ Portuguese: guaruçá, aguarauçá, grauçá, guriçá


tuindara

Nheengatu: suindara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suindara, suinara, suindá, tuindara, tuindá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suinar.


seîxu

Nheengatu: siusí

Cei xû yabiõ nhemombeû

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter I, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 17:

Late Tupi; chiefly North Tupi; Late Tupi; chiefly North Tupi


gûaîá

→ Portuguese: guaiá, goiá, guajá


pakabyra

→ Portuguese: pacavira


ka'aeté

desc

→ Portuguese: Caeté, caeté, caaeté, caetê, caité

common name of various plants in the order Zingiberales, namely from the families Cannaceae and Marantaceae


Urubu

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66, lines 750–754; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Here's my big rope. Today I shall eat your severed arms, Îagûarusu your tights and your head, Urubu and Kaburé, your legs.


Urubutĩgûaba

/ʔuɾuβ̞utĩˈɣʷaβ̞a/

From urubutinga (“king vulture”) + gûaba (“waterer”).


urubutinga

/ʔuɾuβ̞uˈtĩŋa/

/ʔuɾuβ̞uˈtĩᵑɡa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβutiŋ. By surface analysis, urubu (“vulture”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní yryvu tĩ.

surf

Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa#Translingual


kûatimundé

Nheengatu: kwatí-mundé

desc

→ Portuguese: quatimundéu, quatimundé, quati-mundéu

→ English: coatimundi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷatimone. By surface analysis, kûati (“coati”) + mundé (“deadfall trap”). Coati bands are composed of only females and young males. When these age, they are driven away from the group and become solitary, being easily caught in traps.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kuati monde.


gûasunĩ

Nheengatu: waxinĩ

→ Portuguese: guaxinim

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Raposo Guaçonĩ”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 119, line 1180: “Guaçonĩ [Gûasunĩ]”

Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (1618) “Dialogo quinto”, in Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil [Dialogues of Brazil's Greatnesses]; republished as João Capistrano de Abreu, Rodolpho Garcia, compilers, Rio de Janeiro: Officina Industrial Graphica, 1930, page 249: “guasuni [gûasunĩ]”

Procyon cancrivorus
Procyon cancrivorus#Translingual

crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)


mundé

→ Portuguese: mundéu, mundé, mondé


kûati

Nheengatu: kwatí

→ French: coati
→ Romanian: coati

desctree

→ Portuguese: quati, coati
→ Hunsrik: Quatti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷati.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kuaxi and Paraguayan Guaraní kuati.

etymon

André Thevet (1575) chapter XII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d’André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 937: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1302: “Cuati [Kûati]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter XCVIII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 247: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos quatis Texugos de portugal”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 44; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 117, line 1132: “quati [kûati]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 251: “Couâty [Kûati]”

anonymous author (1622) “Rapoza”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 96: “Coati [Kûati]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VI, chapter VI (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 228: “Coati [Kûati]”


gûyrapunga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araponga, guiraponga, uiraponga, iraponga
→ English: araponga

[ɡʷɨ.ɾaˈpũ.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨrapoŋ. By surface analysis, gûyrá (“bird”) + pong (“percussive”) + -a.
Cognate wirh Paraguayan Guaraní guyrapõ.

surf

bare-throated bellbird
bare-throated bellbird

bare-throated bellbird (Procnias nudicollis)


gûará

Nheengatu: wará

→ Portuguese: guará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wara.

Eudocimus ruber
Eudocimus ruber#Translingual

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

Pero de Magalhães Gândavo
w:pt:Pero de Magalhães Gândavo

Hiſtoria da prouincia ſãcta Cruz a qui vulgarmẽte chamamos Brasil

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae


gûará

Seta pé-pira ſeuaé
Nan[…]Kurema[…]Parati[…]Acara-pep[…]Acara-ouaſſou[…]Acara-bouten[…]Acara-miri[…]Ouara[…]Kamouroupouy-ouaſſou

1578, Jean de Léry, Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, pages 348–349:

a fish of the family Cichlidae. Further details are uncertain.


îagûasinĩ

→ Portuguese: jaguacinim

îa‧gûa‧si‧nĩ


inĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ini, from Proto-Tupian *ẽri.
Cognate with Kamayurá ini.


pirapanema

From pirá (“fish”) + panema (“useless”).


îybá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨβa.
Cognate with Guaraní jyva.


îasytatagûasu

From îasytatá (“star”) + -gûasu (“big”).


gûaraîuba

desc

→ Portuguese: guarajuba, guaraiuba, guaruba

/ɣʷaɾaˈʒuβa/


gûyraîuba

→ Portuguese: guirajuba, guarajuba, guarujuba, guaruba

/ɣʷɨɾaˈjuβa/

/ɣʷɨɾaˈʒuβa/

Guaruba guarouba
Guaruba guarouba#Translingual


gûyraîuba

/ɣʷɨɾaˈjuβa/

/ɣʷɨɾaˈʒuβa/

Alternative form of gûaraîuba (“blue runner”)


etymã

head

etymã (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetymã, R1 retymã, R2 setymã)

Nheengatu: etimã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etɨmã.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tetyma.

inh+

karûaba retymã

leg (rod-like protrusion from an inanimate object)


gûariba

Nheengatu: wariwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: guariba, guariva
→ English: guariba
→ French: ouarine
→ English: ouarine
→ English: warine

[ɡʷaˈɾi.β̞a]

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wariβ.
Cognate with Guaraní guaryva.

howler monkey (any monkey in the genus Alouatta)


kabará

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual


kabaru

Nheengatu: kawarú

Borrowed from Portuguese cavalo, from Old Galician-Portuguese cavalo, from Latin caballus, possibly from Proto-Celtic *kaballos.

etymon

Cabarû repanacû.

1622, anonymous author, “Sella do caualo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume II (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 115; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Cabarú çoce.

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 66:

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual


popytera

head

popytera (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mopytera)

Nheengatu: pú-pitera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *popɨter. By surface analysis, pó (“hand”) + pytera (“middle”).
Cognate with Guaraní popyte.


itamaraká

From itá (“stone, metal”, noun) + maraká (“rattle”, noun).


itakysé

From itá (“stone, metal”) + kysé (“knife”).


kygûaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨwaβ. By surface analysis, kyba (“louse”) + 'u (“to eat”) + -sab + -a, literally “louse-eating tool”.

surf

comb (toothed implement for grooming the hair)


irũnamo

From irũ (“companion”) + -ramo (“as, like”).

Xe ruba irũnamo 'y pupé a'ytab.


kûarasy sembaba

From kûarasy (“the Sun”) + sembaba (“exit, place to exit”).


kûarasy reîkeaba

From kûarasy (“the Sun”) + reîkeaba (“entry, place to enter”).


pûã-myterybyrixûara

Alternative spelling of pûãmyterybyrixûara


pûãbe'engaba

head

pûãbe'engaba (possessable, absolute mûãbe'engaba)

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + pobe'eng (“to point”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “pointing finger”.


pûã

head

pûã (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mûã)

Nheengatu: puã

→ Portuguese: puã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pwã (“finger”).
Cognate with Guaraní kuã.


pûãgûasu

head

pûãgûasu (possessable, absolute mûãgûasu)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *poãgʷatʃu. By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + -gûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Guaraní kuãngusu.


moroting

form morotinga (noun)
Causative
momoroting
-ba'e
i morotingyba'e
-sab
-saba
morotingaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe moroting (active)
i moroting (active)
oré moroting (active)
îandé moroting (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe moroting (active)
ta nde moroting (active)
t'i moroting (active)
t'oré moroting (active)
t'îandé moroting (active)
ta pe moroting (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe morotingi (active)
na nde morotingi (active)
n'i morotingi (active)
n'oré morotingi (active)
n'îandé morotingi (active)
na pe morotingi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde moroting umẽ (active)
pe moroting umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe moroting umẽ (active)
ta nde moroting umẽ (active)
t'i moroting umẽ (active)
t'oré moroting umẽ (active)
t'îandé moroting umẽ (active)
ta pe moroting umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe morotingamo (gerund)
nde morotingamo (gerund)
o morotingamo (gerund)
oré morotingamo (gerund)
îandé morotingamo (gerund)
pe morotingamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
nde morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
o morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
oré morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
îandé morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
pe morotinge'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
morotinga (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
morotinge'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe morotingi (infinitive)
i morotingi (infinitive)
oré morotingi (infinitive)
îandé morotingi (infinitive)
xe morotinge'ymi (infinitive)
i morotinge'ymi (infinitive)
oré morotinge'ymi (infinitive)
îandé morotinge'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *morotiŋ. By surface analysis, moro- + ting.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní morotĩ.

inh+

[…]I morotĩngatu nde 'anga[…]

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, translated by Armando Cardoso, Doutrina Cristã: Catecismo Brasílico, volume 1, São Paulo: Edições Loyola, published 1992, →ISBN, page 204:


kaûĩ

Nheengatu: kawĩ

→ Portuguese: cauim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kawĩ (“fermented drink, corn drink”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní kaguijy and Paraguayan Guaraní kaguy.

inh+

cauim (traditional alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of cashews, manioc or maize)


tupãoka

Nheengatu: tupauku

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã
Old Tupi tupã
Old Tupi Tupã
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Old Tupi tupãoka
From Tupã (“God”) + oka (“house”), coined by Jesuits in the 16th century. Piecewise doublet of Tupã roka.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní tupão.

etymon

Xe pô, xepi, abâ pô, y pi, ara o membira ragoera coabirè, S. Maria o membira IeSVS reraçou T. oc-ipe T. tubape y coabeenga, iudeos recomonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Februarius”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 3v:

Forty days after the birth of her son, Saint Mary took her son Jesus to the synagogue to present him to God the Father, following the Jewish law.

Putunamorecê y querpe xererijara T. òca eimonhang, ey S Maria y xupê; cò moçauçûba xeremimotaramo cecó cuapàba[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Augustus”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 7:

On a certain night, in their sleep, Saint Mary said to them: "Make a church in my name. This dream is a sign of my will."

house of worship (mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith)


abaré

→ Portuguese: abaré, Abaré, Avaré


poranga

head

poranga (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute moranga)

Nheengatu: puranga (adjective)


paîé

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé, pagé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


ebira

ebira (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tebira, R1 rebira, R2 sebira)

→ Portuguese: tibira, tubi, tuvira

hindquarters (the rear half of a quadruped)


tebira

Ereikópe tebíra amó resé?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 91, line 29:

pathic; bottom (man who prefers the receptive role in anal sex)


kysé

Nheengatu: kisé

→ Portuguese: quicé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨt͡ʃe (“knife”), from Proto-Tupian *kɨt͡ʃe (“bamboo”).
Cognate with Guaraní kyse.

inh+

Ereroupè itaxé amo[…]?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 346:


ugûy

head

ugûy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tugûy, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tuwy, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *cuy, from Proto-Tupian *jəɯ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé suː, Guaraní tuguy.


ugûy

ugûy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy, noun form ugûy)

form ugûy (noun)
Causative
mougûy
-ba'e
sugûyba'e
-sab
-saba
ugûŷaba／ugûysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rugûy (active)
sugûy (active)
oré rugûy (active)
îandé rugûy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy (active)
ta nde rugûy (active)
ta sugûy (active)
t'oré rugûy (active)
t'îandé rugûy (active)
ta pe rugûy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rugûyî (active)
na nde rugûyî (active)
na sugûyî (active)
n'oré rugûyî (active)
n'îandé rugûyî (active)
na pe rugûyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rugûy umẽ (active)
pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy umẽ (active)
ta nde rugûy umẽ (active)
ta sugûy umẽ (active)
t'oré rugûy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rugûy umẽ (active)
ta pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rugûyramo (gerund)
nde rugûyramo (gerund)
o ugûyramo (gerund)
oré rugûyramo (gerund)
îandé rugûyramo (gerund)
pe rugûyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
o ugûye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ugûy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ugûye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rugûyû (infinitive)
sugûyû (infinitive)
oré rugûyû (infinitive)
îandé rugûyû (infinitive)
xe rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
sugûye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rugûye'ymi (infinitive)

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 184):

His mother wasn't bleeding even: she was dry, she wasn't deflowered.

menstruous (currently undergoing menstruation)


nha'ẽ

nha'ẽ (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute nha'ẽ, R1 renha'ẽ, R2 senha'ẽ, R3 o enha'ẽ)

plate (dish for holding or serving food)


yperu

Nheengatu: iperú

shark (fish of the superorder Selachimorpha)


moka'ẽ

Nheengatu: mukaẽ

desctree

→ French: boucan
→ English: boucan, buccan

→ Portuguese: moquém

buccan (a framework or grill upon which meat is laid to to be roasted)


moka'ẽ

head

moka'ẽ (first-person singular active indicative aîmoka'ẽ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoka'ẽî, noun moka'ẽ)

aîmoka'ẽ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmoka'ẽî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
moka'ẽ (noun)
Causative
moka'ẽukar
Reflexive
îemoka'ẽ
-ba'e
oîmoka'ẽba'e
emi-
emimoka'ẽ／mimoka'ẽ
-pyr
-pyra
i moka'ẽpyra
-sab
-saba
moka'ẽsaba
-sar
-sara
moka'ẽana／moka'ẽsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmoka'ẽ (active)
ereîmoka'ẽ (active)
oîmoka'ẽ (active)
oroîmoka'ẽ (active)
îaîmoka'ẽ (active)
peîmoka'ẽ (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmoka'ẽ (active)
t'ereîmoka'ẽ (active)
t'oîmoka'ẽ (active)
t'oroîmoka'ẽ (active)
t'îaîmoka'ẽ (active)
ta peîmoka'ẽ (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmoka'ẽ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmoka'ẽî (active)
n'ereîmoka'ẽî (active)
n'oîmoka'ẽî (active)
n'oroîmoka'ẽî (active)
n'îaîmoka'ẽî (active)
na peîmoka'ẽî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'ereîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'oîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'oroîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'îaîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta peîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
peîmoka'ẽ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
moka'ẽ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
moka'ẽe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe moka'ẽmo (gerund)
nde moka'ẽmo (gerund)
i moka'ẽmo (gerund)
oré moka'ẽmo (gerund)
îandé moka'ẽmo (gerund)
pe moka'ẽmo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
nde moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
i moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
oré moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
îandé moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
pe moka'ẽe'yma (gerund)
xe moka'ẽû (gerund)
i moka'ẽû (gerund)
oré moka'ẽû (gerund)
îandé moka'ẽû (gerund)
xe moka'ẽe'ymi (gerund)
i moka'ẽe'ymi (gerund)
oré moka'ẽe'ymi (gerund)
îandé moka'ẽe'ymi (gerund)


îagûareté

Nheengatu: yawareté

→ Portuguese: jaguaretê

îa‧gûa‧re‧té

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawarete. By surface analysis, îagûara + eté.
Coagnate with Paraguayan Guaraní jaguarete and Urubú-Kaapor jawarete.

inh+

Xe iaguarete iporu

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

marakaîá

bixana, *îagûatyryka, marakaîaeté, marakaîagûasu, marakaîamimbaba, marakaîamirĩ


pirauruku

desctree

Nheengatu: pirarukú, piraruku
→ Brazilian Portuguese: pirarucu
→ English: pirarucu
→ Japanese: ピラルクー
→ Paraguayan Guaraní: piraruku
→ Spanish: pirarucú

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira
Old Tupi pirá
Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku
Old Tupi uruku
Old Tupi pirauruku
From pirá (“fish”) + uruku (“achiote”).

etymon

(North Tupi, hapax) arapaima (Arapaima gigas)


sygûasumẽ

Nheengatu: suasumé

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, from sygûasu (“deer”) + mẽ (“baa, cry of a goat”).

af

[…]sygûasumé rerekoara oîosupotá o îara[…]

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Polo moleiro”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 164:


marigûi

→ Portuguese: maruim

biting midge (small insect in the family Ceratopogonidae)


karasy

form karasy (noun)
Causative
mongarasy
-ba'e
i karasyba'e
-sab
-saba
karasŷaba／karasysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe karasy (active)
i karasy (active)
oré karasy (active)
îandé karasy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe karasy (active)
ta nde karasy (active)
t'i karasy (active)
t'oré karasy (active)
t'îandé karasy (active)
ta pe karasy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe karasyî (active)
na nde karasyî (active)
n'i karasyî (active)
n'oré karasyî (active)
n'îandé karasyî (active)
na pe karasyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde karasy umẽ (active)
pe karasy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe karasy umẽ (active)
ta nde karasy umẽ (active)
t'i karasy umẽ (active)
t'oré karasy umẽ (active)
t'îandé karasy umẽ (active)
ta pe karasy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe karasyramo (gerund)
nde karasyramo (gerund)
o karasyramo (gerund)
oré karasyramo (gerund)
îandé karasyramo (gerund)
pe karasyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe karasye'ymamo (gerund)
nde karasye'ymamo (gerund)
o karasye'ymamo (gerund)
oré karasye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé karasye'ymamo (gerund)
pe karasye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karasy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karasye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe karasyû (infinitive)
i karasyû (infinitive)
oré karasyû (infinitive)
îandé karasyû (infinitive)
xe karasye'ymi (infinitive)
i karasye'ymi (infinitive)
oré karasye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karasye'ymi (infinitive)


esé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-et͡se (“about”), from Proto-Tupian *et͡se (“postposition”).
Cognate with Guaraní rehe.

inh+

(sometimes with -sab) because; because of

Xe sy gûé, takûakysetyba pupé Kurupira asepîak. Nd'akeri xûé korine. Xe ma'enduar seséne.

2005, Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos, 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN, page 136:

O my mother, I saw Kurupira in the canebrake. I won't sleep today. I'm going to remember about him.

Kunumĩ tatu îukarama resé ka'ape osó.

2005, Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos, 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN, page 134:

The boy goes to the forest in order to kill an armadillo.

(sometimes with -sab) in order to; so as to; to

Tupana rece aicó[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da collocaçaõ das partes da oraçaõ entre ſi.”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 60v:

(indicating placement, also figurative) on


sesé

Nheengatu: sesé

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


taîyby

head

taîyby (unpossessable, female equivalent sarigûeîa)


anhangu'i

/ã.ɲã.ŋuˈʔi/


sûasu

Nheengatu: suasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃu, from Proto-Tupian *ɨt͡ʃɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní guaxu and Guaraní guasu.

inh+

deer (any animal of the Cervidae family)


itaîuba

Nheengatu: itayúa

From itá (“metal”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

Opâ combô moçapı̣r miçã àra cic-eme apı̣abamo ôcı̣ riguè çuî. T. taìra ârirê, moçàpîr Murubixaba Reys, yàba, coaracîcẽbâba còti çuî ô urbae, yacı̣tatâ cerecòarama recê T. remimonhang piçâçû pê jàramo y xupê, goerú yetanongàbamo, itajùba, icicatã ciapuábae, mirra, moçâg too çuî: itajúba murubixàba Reyamo cecõ mombeguâba ici catâcia puãna Tupanamo cecô cuàpâba, toô çuî Mirra moroecê ceõ agoama mombeguàba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “6. Epiphania Domini. G.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, pages 3–3v:

At the thirteenth day, after God the Son being born as a man from His mother's womb, three chieftains called Kings came from the east, following the guardian star, which God had just made to show the way, and brought Him as gifts gold, frankincense and myrrh, heartwood's medicine: the gold was the way of telling He was a chieftain, a King; the frankincense was the way of knowing He was God; the heartwood myrrh was the way of telling He would die for the people.

Itajucoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Uea, ou mina de ouro ou prata”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 142; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Aimõdar ahẽ xeitajubari[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Sospeitar mal de alguẽ”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 19; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


Tebiresá

→ Portuguese: Tibiriçá


pirãîa

Nheengatu: piranha

desctree

→ Portuguese: piranha
→ English: piranha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pirãj. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní pirãi.

surf

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXLIV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 301: “Piranha”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos peixes das agoas doçes”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 89; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 205, line 2296: “Piranha”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XL, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 247: “Pyrain [Pirãî[a]]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book IV, chapter XII (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 164: “Piraya [Pirãîa]”

piranha (any carnivorous freshwater fish of the family Serrasalmidae)


pirãîa

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLVII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 283v: “Pirain [Pirãî[a]]”

anonymous author (1622) “Tisoura”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 129: “Pirãnha, Piraya [Piranha, Pirãîa]”


yby

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *(ʔ)ɨβɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯt͡spɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní yvy.

inh+

earth; soil (unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth)

ground (the surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground)

dry land (part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water)


yby

Nheengatu: iwí

Our kó xe yby supa rimba'e.

They came to visit this land of mine long ago.


yby

head

yby (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyby, R1 ryby, R2 tyby)


Îesu

Etymology tree
Hebrew ישועbor.
Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs)bor.
Latin Iēsūs
Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu
Portuguese Jesusbor.
Old Tupi ÎesuBorrowed from Portuguese Jesus, from Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu, from Latin Iēsūs, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), borrowed from Hebrew ישוע.
Compare Guaraní Hesu.


ybyku'i

Nheengatu: iwikuí, iuikuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Ibicuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨkuʔi (“sand”). By surface analysis, yby (“earth”) + ku'i (“flour”).
Cognate with Guaraní yvykuʼi.


kûandu

desc

→ Portuguese: cuandu, coandu, coendu, quandu

→ New Latin: coendou

→ English: coendou, coendoo (obsolete)


so'ogûasurãîgûera

From so'o (“beast of venery”) + -gûasu (“big”) + rãî (“tooth”) + gûer (“former”) + -a, literally “big beast of venery's former tooth”.

af

(Late Tupi, hapax) ivory (hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants)


arabé

Nheengatu: araué

→ Portuguese: araué


'ybaremusu

From 'ybarema (“garlic”) + -usu (“big”).


Ybytinga

/ɨ.βɨˈtĩ.ŋa/


ybytinga

→ Portuguese: Ibitinga

/ɨ.βɨˈtĩ.ŋa/

From yby (“earth”) + tinga (“whiteness”).


pûer

form pûera (noun)
Causative
momûer
-ba'e
i pûeryba'e
-sab
-saba
pûesaba／pûeraba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pûer (active)
i pûer (active)
oré pûer (active)
îandé pûer (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pûer (active)
ta nde pûer (active)
t'i pûer (active)
t'oré pûer (active)
t'îandé pûer (active)
ta pe pûer (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pûeri (active)
na nde pûeri (active)
n'i pûeri (active)
n'oré pûeri (active)
n'îandé pûeri (active)
na pe pûeri (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pûer umẽ (active)
pe pûer umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pûer umẽ (active)
ta nde pûer umẽ (active)
t'i pûer umẽ (active)
t'oré pûer umẽ (active)
t'îandé pûer umẽ (active)
ta pe pûer umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pûeramo (gerund)
nde pûeramo (gerund)
o pûeramo (gerund)
oré pûeramo (gerund)
îandé pûeramo (gerund)
pe pûeramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pûere'ymamo (gerund)
nde pûere'ymamo (gerund)
o pûere'ymamo (gerund)
oré pûere'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pûere'ymamo (gerund)
pe pûere'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pûera (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pûere'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pûeri (infinitive)
i pûeri (infinitive)
oré pûeri (infinitive)
îandé pûeri (infinitive)
xe pûere'ymi (infinitive)
i pûere'ymi (infinitive)
oré pûere'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pûere'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: kwera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pʷer (“ancient”), from Proto-Tupian *pʷet (“ancient”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -re and Paraguayan Guaraní -kue.

inh+

ybyrapûera

Aroŷrõ xe rekopûera.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 104:

old; ancient (having existed for a long period of time)

ex; former; then (previously but no longer)


kamixá

Nheengatu: kamixá

[…]iiakým xe camixá[…]

a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Humida cousa”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 183, line 17; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI:


apere'a

desc

→ Portuguese: preá, apereá, pereá, piriá


'Ybotyra

→ Portuguese: Bartira

/ʔɨ.βɔ.ˈtɨ.ɾa/


okena

head

okena (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute okena, R1 rokena, R2 sokena)

Nheengatu: ukena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *okẽn, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷẽn, from *ekʷ + *en. By surface analysis, oka (“house”) + ena (“mouth”).
Cognate with Guaraní okẽ (“door”), Karitiâna akãn (“village”).


'ybotyra

/ʔɨ.βɔ.ˈtɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβotɨr, from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨp potˀɨt. By surface analysis, 'yba (“plant”) + potyra (“flower”).
Cognate with Guaraní yvoty.


ingá

Nheengatu: ingá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ingá
→ English: inga


xupé

Alternative form of supé following a word ending in i, î or y


xuí

Alternative form of suí following a word ending in i, î or y


îykûara

From îy (“tool”) + kûara (“hole”). Tupians made their axes with a sharp stone tied up to the handle, while steel axe heads are made with a hole where the handle is passed through, rendering the new name.

Coordinate term: îy (“stone axe”)


ro'ysanga

Nheengatu: irusanga (“cold”)


îy

Nheengatu: jí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨ (“axe”), from Proto-Tupian *wɨ (“axe”).

inh+

Coordinate term: îykûara (“steel axe”)

stone axe (tool for felling trees or chopping wood)

tool (any piece of equipment used in a profession or to make a task easier)


nhy'ã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔã (“heart”).
Cognate with Guaraní ñe'ã.

(broadly) bowels; entrails (the internal organs)


Tupã Tuba

(Christianity, Late Tupi) God the Father


Tupã Ta'yra

M. Cetépe Tupã Tûba, Tupã Täŷra, Tupã Espirito Santo? acẽ iabé?
D. Natecëí: Tupã Täŷra äé, iande iabé, apyâbamo onhemonhanghiré é, cetéramo cöyté, acẽ iabẽ.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 43; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

Does God the Son, God the Father, God the Holy Ghost have a body like us? / He has no body: God the Son, however, after making Himself man like us, had, in the end, a body like us.


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

female equivalent of a'yra
daughter of a man

fraternal niece (daughter of one's brother)

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)

female equivalent of a'yra
pup; cub (female young of an animal)

(figurative) child (woman considered a product of a place); native of; from


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)

(figurative) child (man considered a product of a place); native of; from


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra)


a'yra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *a-ʔɨr (“semen, son of a man, small”), from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨt (“semen”). Doublet of a'yrĩ.


sybá

Nheengatu: siwá

forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)


sye'yma

/ˌsɨ.ɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From sy (“mother”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.

maternal orphan (child who has lost their mother)


pûãmytera

head

pûãmytera (possessable, absolute mûãmytera)

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + pytera (“center”).


pûãmirĩ

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + mirĩ (“small”).


pûãmyterybyrixûara

head

pûãmyterybyrixûara (possessable, absolute mûãmyterybyrixûara)

By surface analysis, pûãmytera (“middle finger”) + ybyri (“next to”) + -xûar (“what”, relative) + -a, literally “what is next to the middle finger”.


obá

head

obá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tobá, R1 robá, R2 sobá)

Nheengatu: suá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *toβa (“face”), from Proto-Tupian *jəba (“face, forehead”).
Cognate with Guaraní tova.

inh+

face (front part of the head of a human or animal)


amba'yba

desc

→ Portuguese: ambaíba, ambaiba, ambauba, ambaúba, ambaúva, embaiba, embaíba, embauba, embauva, embaúba, embaúva, imbaiba, imbaíba, imbauba, imbaúba, imbaúva, umbauba, umbaúba, ambauva, ambaiua, imbauva, umbaúva, ambayba, embayba, imbahuba, umbahuba

cecropia (any tree of the genus Cecropia)


kunhãmuku

Nheengatu: kunhãmukú

young lady (woman between 15 and 25 years old)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


-'ĩ

Nheengatu: -ĩ, -i

forms the diminutive of nouns; -ie; -y; -ling; -let

— Mobype abá remirekóne?
— Oîepe'ĩ.
— How many spouses shall a man have?
— Only one.

Turusu'ĩ.
He is biggish.

indicates approximation or imprecision of adjectives; -ish

Amopo'i'ĩ.

indicates the action of making something smaller or thinner

Aîmonhangĩ nhẽ.

indicates the action is done without purpose, intention or wanting someting in return


mokõî

Nheengatu: mukũi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mokõy.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mokõi and Kaiwá mokõi.


opakombó

From opá (“both”) + kó (“these”) + pó (“hands”).


akaîueté

a‧ka‧îu‧e‧té

From akaîu (“cashew”) + eté (“true”), as to differentiate it from other Anacardium species.

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

cashew apple (accessory fruit of Anacardium occidentale)


akaîu'aîuba

From akaîu (“cashew”) + 'aîuba (“ripening”).

Nã mbobi nho ruã acayû aiûbane, auyerámanhête.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 163:

It won't be just some years, but forever.


xepoxepy

[ʃɛˌpɔ.ʃɛˈpɨ]

Coined by Portuguese missionary Luís Figueira in the 17th century. Literally, “my hands, my feet”.

coinage

Xepo xepyg[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Nomes adjectivos do ſingular, & plurar”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 3:


-e'ym

Nheengatu: -ima

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-eʔɨm, from Proto-Tupian *-eʔɨm.

inh+

-less; -free; added to a noun, a verbal noun or an adjective to indicate a lack or deprivation of that thing


nhe'enge'yma

Nheengatu: nheengaíma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From nhe'enga (“word”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.


nhe'enge'yma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/


obyeté

head

obyeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tobyeté, R1 robyeté, R2 sobyeté)

[ɔˌβ̞ɨ.ɛˈtɛ]

From oby (“blue, green, purple”) + eté (“true”), as to differentiate it from the other colors.


obyeté

head

obyeté (IIa class pluriform, R1 robyeté, R2 sobyeté, noun form obyeté)

form obyeté (noun)
Causative
moobyeté
-ba'e
sobyeteba'e
-sab
-saba
obyeteaba／obyetesaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe robyeté (active)
sobyeté (active)
oré robyeté (active)
îandé robyeté (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe robyeté (active)
ta nde robyeté (active)
ta sobyeté (active)
t'oré robyeté (active)
t'îandé robyeté (active)
ta pe robyeté (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe robyetéî (active)
na nde robyetéî (active)
na sobyetéî (active)
n'oré robyetéî (active)
n'îandé robyetéî (active)
na pe robyetéî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde robyeté umẽ (active)
pe robyeté umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe robyeté umẽ (active)
ta nde robyeté umẽ (active)
ta sobyeté umẽ (active)
t'oré robyeté umẽ (active)
t'îandé robyeté umẽ (active)
ta pe robyeté umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe robyetéramo (gerund)
nde robyetéramo (gerund)
o obyetéramo (gerund)
oré robyetéramo (gerund)
îandé robyetéramo (gerund)
pe robyetéramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe robyetee'ymamo (gerund)
nde robyetee'ymamo (gerund)
o obyetee'ymamo (gerund)
oré robyetee'ymamo (gerund)
îandé robyetee'ymamo (gerund)
pe robyetee'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
obyeté (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
obyetee'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe robyetéû (infinitive)
sobyetéû (infinitive)
oré robyetéû (infinitive)
îandé robyetéû (infinitive)
xe robyetee'ymi (infinitive)
sobyetee'ymi (infinitive)
oré robyetee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé robyetee'ymi (infinitive)

[ɔˌβ̞ɨ.ɛˈtɛ]


gûasem

gûasem (first-person singular active indicative agûasem, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûasemi, noun gûasema)

agûasem (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûasemi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûasema (noun)
Causative
mogûasem
Causative-comitative
erogûasem
-ba'e
ogûasemyba'e
-sab
-saba
gûasembaba
-sar
-sara
gûasembara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
agûasem (active)
eregûasem (active)
ogûasem (active)
orogûasem (active)
îagûasem (active)
pegûasem (active)
Permissive (active)
t'agûasem (active)
t'eregûasem (active)
t'ogûasem (active)
t'orogûasem (active)
t'îagûasem (active)
ta pegûasem (active)
Imperative (active)
egûasem (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'agûasemi (active)
n'eregûasemi (active)
n'ogûasemi (active)
n'orogûasemi (active)
n'îagûasemi (active)
na pegûasemi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'agûasem umẽ (active)
t'eregûasem umẽ (active)
t'ogûasem umẽ (active)
t'orogûasem umẽ (active)
t'îagûasem umẽ (active)
ta pegûasem umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
egûasem umẽ (active)
pegûasem umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûigûasema (gerund)
egûasema (gerund)
ogûasema (gerund)
orogûasema (gerund)
îagûasema (gerund)
pegûasema (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûigûaseme'yma (gerund)
egûaseme'yma (gerund)
ogûaseme'yma (gerund)
orogûaseme'yma (gerund)
îagûaseme'yma (gerund)
pegûaseme'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
gûasema (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
gûaseme'yma (infinitive)
xe gûasemi (infinitive)
i gûasemi (infinitive)
oré gûasemi (infinitive)
îandé gûasemi (infinitive)
xe gûaseme'ymi (infinitive)
i gûaseme'ymi (infinitive)
oré gûaseme'ymi (infinitive)
îandé gûaseme'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: wasemu, wasema

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wat͡sẽm, from Proto-Tupian *atẽm.

inh+

Oporandubenhè, niangai paba amo çupe / Ogoacema ruã tè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 59:

Asked him again, but finding none of his malice.

to find; to locate [with supé ‘something’]


apó

head

apó (possessable, IIe class pluriform, absolute sapó, R1 rapó, R2 sapó)

Nheengatu: apú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapo, from Proto-Tupian *ja(-)po.
Cognate with Guaraní tapo.

[…]çapôréma[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter II, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595:

root (part of a plant that anchors and supports the plant body)


apó

apó (IIe class pluriform, R1 rapó, R2 sapó, noun form apó)

form apó (noun)
Causative
moapó
-ba'e
sapoba'e
-sab
-saba
apoaba／aposaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rapó (active)
sapó (active)
oré rapó (active)
îandé rapó (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rapó (active)
ta nde rapó (active)
ta sapó (active)
t'oré rapó (active)
t'îandé rapó (active)
ta pe rapó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rapóî (active)
na nde rapóî (active)
na sapóî (active)
n'oré rapóî (active)
n'îandé rapóî (active)
na pe rapóî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rapó umẽ (active)
pe rapó umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rapó umẽ (active)
ta nde rapó umẽ (active)
ta sapó umẽ (active)
t'oré rapó umẽ (active)
t'îandé rapó umẽ (active)
ta pe rapó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rapóramo (gerund)
nde rapóramo (gerund)
o apóramo (gerund)
oré rapóramo (gerund)
îandé rapóramo (gerund)
pe rapóramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rapoe'ymamo (gerund)
nde rapoe'ymamo (gerund)
o apoe'ymamo (gerund)
oré rapoe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rapoe'ymamo (gerund)
pe rapoe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apoe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rapóû (infinitive)
sapóû (infinitive)
oré rapóû (infinitive)
îandé rapóû (infinitive)
xe rapoe'ymi (infinitive)
sapoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré rapoe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rapoe'ymi (infinitive)


apó

apó (first-person singular active indicative aîapó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîapóî, noun apó)

aîapó (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîapóî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
apó (noun)
Causative
apoukar
Causative-comitative
eroapó
Reflexive
îeapó
-ba'e
oîapoba'e
emi-
emiapó／miapó
-pyr
-pyra
i apopyra
-sab
-saba
apoaba／aposaba
-sar
-sara
apoara／aposara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîapó (active)
ereîapó (active)
oîapó (active)
oroîapó (active)
îaîapó (active)
peîapó (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîapó (active)
t'ereîapó (active)
t'oîapó (active)
t'oroîapó (active)
t'îaîapó (active)
ta peîapó (active)
Imperative (active)
eîapó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîapóî (active)
n'ereîapóî (active)
n'oîapóî (active)
n'oroîapóî (active)
n'îaîapóî (active)
na peîapóî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîapó umẽ (active)
t'ereîapó umẽ (active)
t'oîapó umẽ (active)
t'oroîapó umẽ (active)
t'îaîapó umẽ (active)
ta peîapó umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîapó umẽ (active)
peîapó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apoe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe apóbo (gerund)
nde apóbo (gerund)
i apóbo (gerund)
oré apóbo (gerund)
îandé apóbo (gerund)
pe apóbo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apoe'yma (gerund)
nde apoe'yma (gerund)
i apoe'yma (gerund)
oré apoe'yma (gerund)
îandé apoe'yma (gerund)
pe apoe'yma (gerund)
xe apóû (gerund)
i apóû (gerund)
oré apóû (gerund)
îandé apóû (gerund)
xe apoe'ymi (gerund)
i apoe'ymi (gerund)
oré apoe'ymi (gerund)
îandé apoe'ymi (gerund)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapo.

Aiapô mingaû.

1622, anonymous author, “Papas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 64; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

M[estre:] Emonánamope Tupã jandé rúbypý arukángañé apóu semirekóramo?
D[iscipulo:] Emonánamo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Matrimônio]”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Catecismo brasílico, volume 1, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 228, line 31:

Master: That's why God transformed our first father's rib in his wife?
Disciple: That's why.


apó

form apó (noun)
Causative
moapó
-ba'e
i apoba'e
-sab
-saba
apoaba／aposaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe apó (active)
i apó (active)
oré apó (active)
îandé apó (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe apó (active)
ta nde apó (active)
t'i apó (active)
t'oré apó (active)
t'îandé apó (active)
ta pe apó (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe apóî (active)
na nde apóî (active)
n'i apóî (active)
n'oré apóî (active)
n'îandé apóî (active)
na pe apóî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde apó umẽ (active)
pe apó umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe apó umẽ (active)
ta nde apó umẽ (active)
t'i apó umẽ (active)
t'oré apó umẽ (active)
t'îandé apó umẽ (active)
ta pe apó umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe apóramo (gerund)
nde apóramo (gerund)
o apóramo (gerund)
oré apóramo (gerund)
îandé apóramo (gerund)
pe apóramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe apoe'ymamo (gerund)
nde apoe'ymamo (gerund)
o apoe'ymamo (gerund)
oré apoe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé apoe'ymamo (gerund)
pe apoe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
apó (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
apoe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe apóû (infinitive)
i apóû (infinitive)
oré apóû (infinitive)
îandé apóû (infinitive)
xe apoe'ymi (infinitive)
i apoe'ymi (infinitive)
oré apoe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé apoe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: apú

Igapotitinga.

1622, anonymous author, “Ouelhas do mar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 60; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


angaturama

peer; nobleman; superior (man of higher rank or quality)

the title given to such man for his excellence


angaturama

Nheengatu: angaturama

→ Translingual: Angaturama


anhanga ratá

Literally, “devil's fire”. Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century.


Anhanga ratá

Alternative letter-case form of anhanga ratá


anhanga

Nheengatu: anhanga, ananga, anhangá

(Christianity, Late Tupi) devil; demon (evil spirit resident in or working for Hell)


potĩ

→ Portuguese: poti, Poti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *potĩ.