ararakanga

Nheengatu: ararakanga

→ New Latin: aracanga (learned)

→ English: aracanga (learned)

desctree

→ Portuguese: araracanga
→ English: araracanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararakaŋ. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + akanga (“head”).


araruna

Nheengatu: araruna, arara-una

→ Portuguese: araruna, araraúna

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararun. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + un (“dark”) + -a.

surf

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus#Translingual

hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)


marakanã

Nheengatu: marakanã

→ Portuguese: maracanã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakanã.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní marakana.


ka'aîara

→ Portuguese: caajara

From ka'a (“forest”) + îara (“lord”), literally, “forest lord”, or more loosely translated as “the one who rules the forest”.

lit

mantis (any insect in the order Mantodea)


tukanusu

desc

→ Portuguese: tucanuçu, tucanaçu, tucano-açu, → tucano-grande (calque)

From tukana (“toco toucan”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

Ramphastos toco
Ramphastos toco#Translingual

João Capistrano de Abreu
w:João Capistrano de Abreu

(North Tupi, now historical) a non-Tupian tribe that lived in Northeast Brazil


tapi'irapé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Tapirapé

By surface analysis, tapi'ira (“tapir”) + pé (“path”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i rape and Paraguayan Guaraní Mborevi Rape.

surf

(astronomy, hapax legomenon) Milky Way (broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky)


seîxu

Nheengatu: siusí

Cei xû yabiõ nhemombeû

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter I, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 17:

Late Tupi; chiefly North Tupi; Late Tupi; chiefly North Tupi


tuindara

Nheengatu: suindara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suindara, suinara, suindá, tuindara, tuindá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suinar.


agûarausá

desc

→ Portuguese: guaruçá, aguarauçá, grauçá, guriçá


siriapûã

→ Portuguese: siripuã

From siri (“crab”) + apûã (“point”), literally “pointy crab”, referring to the big thorns on its appendages.

af

Ciri Apoa Braſilienſibus: Cancer marinus, teſta quaſi ellyptica tectus, quae in medietatis anterioris ora dentata, & in quolibet latere in acutum deſinit angulum[…]

[1648, Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso, Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book IV, chapter XIX (in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 183:

“Siriapûã” from Brazil: Sea crab, covered by a quasi-elliptical carapace that has a serrated border on its anterior half and ends in an acute angle on each side.

(hapax legomenon) blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)


gûaîá

→ Portuguese: guaiá, goiá, guajá


ka'aeté

desc

→ Portuguese: Caeté, caeté, caaeté, caetê, caité

common name of various plants in the order Zingiberales, namely from the families Cannaceae and Marantaceae


pakabyra

→ Portuguese: pacavira


urubutinga

Nheengatu: urubú-tinga, ⇒ urubú-murutinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: urubutinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβutiŋ. By surface analysis, urubu (“vulture”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní yryvu tĩ.

surf

Pela terra dentro se criam umas aves, a que os indios chamam urubutinga, que são do tamanho dos gallipavos; e são todos brancos, e tem crista como os gallipavos. Estas aves comem carne que acham pelo campo morta, e ratos que tomam; as quaes põem um só ovo, que mettem em um buraco, onde o tiram; e mantem n’elle o filho com ratos que lhe trazem para comer.

[1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa, chapter LXXXV, in Notícia do Brasil (in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, 2nd edition, Rio de Janeiro: João Ignancio da Silva, 1879, page 214:

Inland live birds that the Indians call “urubutinga”, which are the size of turkeys; they're all white and have a caruncle as the turkeys. These birds eat flesh that they find dead on the fields and rats that they catch; they lay a single egg that they put inside a hole, from where they take it out; and they feed their children inside with rats that they bring.

Oroboutin-eugouäue

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter XXXIII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 187:

Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa#Translingual


kûatimundé

Nheengatu: kwatí-mundé

desc

→ Portuguese: quatimundéu, quatimundé, quati-mundéu

→ English: coatimundi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷatimone. By surface analysis, kûati (“coati”) + mundé (“deadfall trap”). Coati bands are composed of only females and young males. When these age, they are driven away from the group and become solitary, being easily caught in traps.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kuati monde.


kûati

Nheengatu: kwatí

→ French: coati
→ Romanian: coati

desctree

→ Portuguese: quati, coati
→ Hunsrik: Quatti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷati.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kuaxi and Paraguayan Guaraní kuati.

etymon

André Thevet (1575) chapter XII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d'André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 937: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1302: “Cuati [Kûati]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter XCVIII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 247: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos quatis Texugos de portugal”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 44; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 117, line 1132: “quati [kûati]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 251: “Couâty [Kûati]”

anonymous author (1622) “Rapoza”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 96: “Coati [Kûati]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VI, chapter VI (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 228: “Coati [Kûati]”


mundé

→ Portuguese: mundéu, mundé, mondé


gûasunĩ

Nheengatu: waxinĩ

→ Portuguese: guaxinim

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Raposo Guaçonĩ”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 119, line 1180: “Guaçonĩ [Gûasunĩ]”

Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (1618) “Dialogo quinto”, in Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil [Dialogues of Brazil's Greatnesses]; republished as João Capistrano de Abreu, Rodolpho Garcia, compilers, Rio de Janeiro: Officina Industrial Graphica, 1930, page 249: “guasuni [gûasunĩ]”

Procyon cancrivorus
Procyon cancrivorus#Translingual

crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)


gûyrapunga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araponga, guiraponga, uiraponga, iraponga
→ English: araponga

[ɡʷɨ.ɾaˈpũ.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨrapoŋ. By surface analysis, gûyrá (“bird”) + pong (“percussive”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní guyrapõ.

surf

bare-throated bellbird
bare-throated bellbird

bare-throated bellbird (Procnias nudicollis)


gûará

Nheengatu: wará

→ Portuguese: guará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wara.

ES ligt eyn kleyne inſel bei der inſel darinn ich gefangen wurd / in der niſten waſſer voͤgel die heyſven Vwara / haben rote feddern

[1557, Hans Staden, chapter XIX, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 1 (in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

There lies a small island near the island where I was caught, where nest waterfowl called “ûará” [that] have red feathers.

Entre autres l'Ouära eſt vne eſpece de Courlïeu qui a le bec long pour le moins de demy pied fort menu & pointu par le bout. Son plumage eſt d'vn tres-beau rouge incarnadin de toute parts, ſinon quelques vns qui ont les extremitez de leurs aiſles noires.

[1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 240v:

Among other things, the “ûará” is a species of curlew that has a beak about half a foot long, very thin and pointed at the end. Its plumage is of a very beautiful red, incarnadine all along, except for some that have black wing tips.

Viri corollas factas ex pennis Guara vel Caninde, capiti circumligant

[1648, Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso, Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VIII, chapter VI (in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 270:

Men bind small chaplets made from “gûará” or “kanindé” feathers around their heads.

Eudocimus ruber
Eudocimus ruber#Translingual

Pero de Magalhães Gândavo
w:pt:Pero de Magalhães Gândavo

Hiſtoria da prouincia ſãcta Cruz a qui vulgarmẽte chamamos Brasil


gûará

Ouara, Vn grand poiſſon de bon goust.

[1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 1, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 349:

Chamam os indios guiará, a que os Portuguezes chamam charéo, que é peixe largo, branco, prateado e tezo, o qual quando é gordo é em extremo saboroso; e tem nas pontas das espinhas, nas costas, uns ossos alvos atonelados, tão grossos no meio como avelãs, mas compridos; o qual peixe morre á linha e em redes em todo o anno, e alem de ser gostoso é muito sadio.

[1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa, chapter 131, in Notícia do Brasil (in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, 2nd edition, Rio de Janeiro: João Ignancio da Silva, 1879, page 260:

Il y a l'Ouära qui eſt vn poiſſon plat, ayãt deux grands pieds de long, & plus d'vn pied de large. Il eſt d'vne couleur argentine & ſes aiſlerons ſont iaulnaſtres.

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 245:

guara he peixe de palmo e meio de comprido, ce escama pelas costas pardo tira de uerde he bramquo pelo meio do corpo e pela barigua amarelo e he bom peixe acado e cozido não he bom porque ce bota a pelia fora e tem pouqua espinha

[c. 1631, Christovão de Lisboa, Historia dos animaes e arvores do Maranhão [History of Maranhão's animals and trees] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, page 166:

jack (any of the marine fish in the family Carangidae)


îagûasinĩ

→ Portuguese: jaguacinim

îa‧gûa‧si‧nĩ


inĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ini, from Proto-Tupian *ẽri.
Cognate with Kamayurá ini.


îybá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨβa.
Cognate with Guaraní jyva.


pirapanema

From pirá (“fish”) + panema (“useless”).


îasytatagûasu

From îasytatá (“star”) + -gûasu (“big”).


gûyraîuba

desc

→ Portuguese: guirajuba, guarajuba, guarujuba, guaruba

/ɣʷɨɾaˈjuβa/

/ɣʷɨɾaˈʒuβa/

Guaruba guarouba
Guaruba guarouba#Translingual


gûyraîuba

/ɣʷɨɾaˈjuβa/

/ɣʷɨɾaˈʒuβa/

Alternative form of gûaraîuba (“blue runner”)


gûaraîuba

→ Portuguese: guarajuba, guaraiuba, guaruba

/ɣʷaɾaˈʒuβa/


etymã

head

etymã (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetymã, R1 retymã, R2 setymã)

Nheengatu: etimã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etɨmã.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tetyma.

inh+

karûaba retymã

leg (rod-like protrusion from an inanimate object)


gûariba

Nheengatu: wariwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: guariba, guariva
→ English: guariba
→ French: ouarine
→ English: ouarine
→ English: warine

[ɡʷaˈɾi.β̞a]

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wariβ.
Cognate with Guaraní guaryva.

howler monkey (any monkey in the genus Alouatta)


kabaru

Nheengatu: kawarú

Borrowed from Portuguese cavalo, from Old Galician-Portuguese cavalo, from Latin caballus, possibly from Proto-Celtic *kaballos.

etymon

Cabarû repanacû.

1622, anonymous author, “Sella do caualo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume II (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 115; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Cabarú çoce.

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]^(https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Galeria:Arte_da_l%C3%ADngua_bras%C3%ADlica_(circa_1628).pdf) (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 66:

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual


kabará

→ Kariri: kabaɾa

Yara cuapabe / cigoaçume rerecoara / oyoçu pota oiara / cabarareru ixupe. / Çoribĩ tura rece / pitãgĩ morauçubara / yande. ⁓.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “polo Moleiro”, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 318, lines 52–58; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 648:

As soon as they recognize [their] lord, the goatherders wish to visit their lord, bringing goats to him. He is joyful at their coming, the compassionate baby, our father, our lord.

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual

(Late Tupi) goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)


popytera

head

popytera (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mopytera)

mopytera (absolute)
pó-pytera (alternative)

Nheengatu: pú-pitera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *popɨter. By surface analysis, pó (“hand”) + pytera (“middle”).
Cognate with Guaraní popyte.


itamaraká

From itá (“stone, metal”, noun) + maraká (“rattle”, noun).


kygûaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨwaβ. By surface analysis, kyba (“louse”) + 'u (“to eat”) + -sab + -a, literally “louse-eating tool”.

surf

comb (toothed implement for grooming the hair)


itakysé

From itá (“stone, metal”) + kysé (“knife”).


kûarasy reîkeaba

From kûarasy (“the Sun”) + reîkeaba (“entry, place to enter”).


kûarasy sembaba

From kûarasy (“the Sun”) + sembaba (“exit, place to exit”).


pûã

head

pûã (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mûã)

Nheengatu: puã

→ Portuguese: puã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pwã. Cognate with Guaraní kuã.

Holonym: pó (“hand”)

Coordinate term: pysã (“toe”)


pûãgûasu

pûãgûasu (possessable, absolute mûãgûasu)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *poãgʷatʃu. By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + -gûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Guaraní kuãngusu.


pûãbe'engaba

head

pûãbe'engaba (possessable, absolute mûãbe'engaba)

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + pobe'eng (“to point”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “pointing finger”.


pûã-myterybyrixûara

Alternative spelling of pûãmyterybyrixûara


kaûĩ

Nheengatu: kawĩ

→ Portuguese: cauim

→ French: caouin

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kawĩ (“fermented drink, corn drink”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní kaguijy and Paraguayan Guaraní kaguy.

inh+

cauim (traditional alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of cashews, manioc or maize)


tupãoka

Nheengatu: tupauku

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã
Old Tupi tupã
Old Tupi Tupã
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Old Tupi tupãoka
From Tupã (“God”) + oka (“house”), coined by Jesuits in the 16th century. Piecewise doublet of Tupã roka.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní tupão.

etymon

Xe pô, xepi, abâ pô, y pi, ara o membira ragoera coabirè, S. Maria o membira IeSVS reraçou T. oc-ipe T. tubape y coabeenga, iudeos recomonhangába rupi.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Februarius”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 3v:

Forty days after the birth of her son, Saint Mary took her son Jesus to the synagogue to present him to God the Father, following the Jewish law.

Putunamorecê y querpe xererijara T. òca eimonhang, ey S Maria y xupê; cò moçauçûba xeremimotaramo cecó cuapàba[…]

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Augustus”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 7:

On a certain night, in their sleep, Saint Mary said to them: "Make a church in my name. This dream is a sign of my will."

house of worship (mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith)


abaré

→ Kariri: waré

→ Portuguese: abaré, Abaré, Avaré

Unknown. Some sources point to a compound meaning “different man”, but that would be abaé, without ⟨r⟩.

Angari / ayoçub aba coti, / taxererobiar, uyabo. / Outenhe xe peabo / abare yaba cori / Tupã reco mombeguabo.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 61, lines 62–67; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 113:

Because of that I visit the people's rooms, saying: “You shall believe in me.” The so-called “priests” come in vain to drive me away today, announcing the law of God.

Xeanãma erimbae / teco ipiramo cecou / yxuperanhe Abare / tupã mõbegoabo ixou.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXXI, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 31, column 2, lines 38–40; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 70:

Long ago, my people followed the initial culture. To them, firstly, the priests went announcing God.

Tupã é abaré oimojaók / guekóbiáramo, / omoñyrosáramo, / omoingóbo ko ára pupé.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Acolhimento e instrução inicial]”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 77, line 5:

God Himself has distinguished the priest as His own substitute, His own forgiver, placing him on this world.

AIpô nderèmicuacugoera recè nde reimonhiroim Tupã ndeyoupè, nderemimombeû puára recè tiruã. Ereyabí etè Tûpãnheenga ndeangaipàba cuacûpa Anhãga çupè enhemeeng-etêbo: teûmè ang-iré emonã eicôbo; abarê, Tûpã recôbîara çupeê / acè nhemõbeû[…]

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter I, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 97v–98:

Because of that which you omited you didn't let God forgive you, even though you've confessed. You've strayed so much from the word of God by hiding your malice, handing yourself over to the Devil. Refrain from acting like that from now on. To the priest, God's substitute, one confesses.

Mbäétepe coé tinga acẽ remipiâca, Abaré Hostia rupíreme, acẽ iurupebé imohdebme: nã miape ruã?

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo II”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Da Communhão, page 84, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

But what is that white thing that is seen, when the priest rises the host, and when put in people's mouths: isn't it bread?


poranga

head

poranga (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute moranga)

Nheengatu: puranga (adjective)


paîé

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé, pagé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


ugûy

ugûy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tugûy, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tuwy, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *cuy, from Proto-Tupian *jəɯ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé suː, Guaraní tuguy.


ebira

ebira (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tebira, R1 rebira, R2 sebira)

→ Portuguese: tibira, tubi, tuvira

hindquarters (the rear half of a quadruped)


tebira

Ereikópe tebíra amó resé?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 91, line 29:

pathic; bottom (man who prefers the receptive role in anal sex)


kysé

Nheengatu: kisé

→ Portuguese: quicé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨt͡ʃe (“knife”), from Proto-Tupian *kɨt͡ʃe (“bamboo”).
Cognate with Guaraní kyse.

inh+

Ereroupè itaxé amo[…]?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 346:


nha'ẽ

head

nha'ẽ (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute nha'ẽ, R1 renha'ẽ, R2 senha'ẽ, R3 o enha'ẽ)

nha'ẽ (absolute)
nha'em (alternative obsolete)

plate (dish for holding or serving food)


yperu

Nheengatu: iperú

shark (fish of the superorder Selachimorpha)


karaíba

Caraiba naçetai, / ſ. ſebaſtiaõ ae / omondic tata çeçe / imondija, nopitai / amo aba maranape.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 64, lines 202–206; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 119:

The Christians weren't many, but Saint Sebastian set fire on [the canoes], making them flee. There was no one left at the place of battle.


karaíba

Nheengatu: kariwa

Tupã ae / o caraiba pupe / yanga, çete monhãgi.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 67, lines 311–313; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 125:

God Himself, with His holiness, made their souls and bodies.


moka'ẽ

Nheengatu: mukaẽ

→ Brazilian Portuguese: moquém

desctree

→ French: boucan
→ English: boucan, buccan

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mokaʔẽ. By surface analysis, mo- + ka'ẽ.

etymon

mboka'ẽ (alternative)
mbonga'ẽ (alternative)
monga'ẽ (alternative)

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

buccan (a framework or grill upon which meat is laid to be roasted)

Yande ſoo/ſche mocken Sera Quoꝛa Oſſarime Rire.

1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Your meat is going to be my buccan after the twilight.


îagûareté

Nheengatu: yawareté

→ Portuguese: jaguaretê

îa‧gûa‧re‧té

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawarete. By surface analysis, îagûara + eté.
Coagnate with Paraguayan Guaraní jaguarete and Urubú-Kaapor jawarete.

inh+

Xe iaguarete iporu

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


pirauruku

desctree

Nheengatu: pirarukú, piraruku
→ Brazilian Portuguese: pirarucu
→ English: pirarucu
→ Japanese: ピラルクー
→ Paraguayan Guaraní: piraruku
→ Spanish: pirarucú

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira
Old Tupi pirá
Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku
Old Tupi uruku
Old Tupi pirauruku
From pirá (“fish”) + uruku (“achiote”).

etymon

Pira urucu / he de 8 palmos de gramdes escamas he muito carregado não se come senão com muita necessidade he muito gordo a cor pardo pera o rabo he tirante a uermelho.

[c. 1631, Christovão de Lisboa, Historia dos animaes e arvores do Maranhão [History of Maranhão's animals and trees] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, page 175v:

“Pirauruku” is 8 spans long, full of very large scales. It's not eaten but when in much need. It's very fat. It's color is greyish, reddish to the tail.

(hapax legomenon) arapaima (Arapaima gigas)


sygûasumẽ

Nheengatu: suasumé

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, from sygûasu (“deer”) + mẽ (“baa, cry of a goat”).

af

cigoaçume rerecoara / oyoçu pota oiara

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “polo Moleiro” (chapter LXIX), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 170, lines 53–54; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 318:


marigûi

→ Portuguese: maruim, maruí

biting midge (small insect in the family Ceratopogonidae)


sesé

Nheengatu: sesé

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


taîyby

head

taîyby (unpossessable, female equivalent sarigûeîa)

sarigûeîa (feminine)
taibĩ (alternative)


anhangu'i

/ã.ɲã.ŋuˈʔi/


itaîuba

Nheengatu: itayúa

From itá (“metal”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

Opâ combô moçapı̣r miçã àra cic-eme apı̣abamo ôcı̣ riguè çuî. T. taìra ârirê, moçàpîr Murubixaba Reys, yàba, coaracîcẽbâba còti çuî ô urbae, yacı̣tatâ cerecòarama recê T. remimonhang piçâçû pê jàramo y xupê, goerú yetanongàbamo, itajùba, icicatã ciapuábae, mirra, moçâg too çuî: itajúba murubixàba Reyamo cecõ mombeguâba ici catâcia puãna Tupanamo cecô cuàpâba, toô çuî Mirra moroecê ceõ agoama mombeguàba.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “6. Epiphania Domini. G.”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 3–3v:

At the thirteenth day, after God the Son being born as a man from His mother's womb, three chieftains called Kings came from the east, following the guardian star, which God had just made to show the way, and brought Him as gifts gold, frankincense and myrrh, heartwood's medicine: the gold was the way of telling He was a chieftain, a King; the frankincense was the way of knowing He was God; the heartwood myrrh was the way of telling He would die for the people.

Itajucoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Uea, ou mina de ouro ou prata”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 142; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Aimõdar ahẽ xeitajubari[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Sospeitar mal de alguẽ”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 19; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


sûasu

Nheengatu: suasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃu, from Proto-Tupian *ɨt͡ʃɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní guaxu and Guaraní guasu.

inh+

syûasu (alternative)
sygûasu (alternative)
sugûasu (alternative)
*gûasu (alternative)

deer (any animal of the Cervidae family)


yby

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷɨ. Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní yvy.

etymon

Ereúpe ybý, koipó mbaé aíbamó, nde reõ potá?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Quinto mandamento”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume II, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 88, line 10:

Have you eaten earth or other bad thing, wanting to die?

earth; soil (unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth)

Coordinate term: ybyeté

Opa ybaca ereimopo, / parana, ibîg abe / ae coîg xerece / o mirĩ pupe ereico

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter L, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 97, column 1, lines 6–9; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 184:

You filled the whole sky, the sea and the earth, but now, because of me, you live in a little house.

earth; ground (the surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground)


yby

Nheengatu: iwí

M. Noimomarãmirí angaîpe Igbac-igoara T. remimotara?
D. Aanangai, ace yangaipabaeipô, Icõ Igbípe T. remimotara noimonhaug-i.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter 5, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 27:

Master: Don't heaven's inhabitants disobey God's will even a little?
Disciple: Not even. [Among] us, the ones that disobey are the one's from this land that don't do God's will.


yby

head

yby (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyby, R1 ryby, R2 tyby)


pirãîa

Nheengatu: piranha

desctree

→ Portuguese: piranha
→ Dutch: piranha
→ English: piranha

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pirãj. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní pirãi.

surf

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXLIV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 301: “Piranha”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos peixes das agoas doçes”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 89; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 205, line 2296: “Piranha”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XL, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 247: “Pyrain [Pirãî[a]]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book IV, chapter XII (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 164: “Piraya [Pirãîa]”

piranha (certain carnivorous freshwater fish of the family Serrasalmidae)


pirãîa

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLVII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 283v: “Pirain [Pirãî[a]]”

anonymous author (1622) “Tisoura”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 129: “Pirãnha, Piraya [Piranha, Pirãîa]”


ybyku'i

Nheengatu: iwikuí, iuikuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Ibicuí

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷɨ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuʔi
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨkuʔi
Old Tupi ybyku'i
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨkuʔi. By surface analysis, yby (“earth”) + ku'i (“flour”)
Cognate with Guaraní yvyku'i.

surf

Ibîcuiuna.

1622, anonymous author, “Area preta”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 41; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

sand (finely ground rock foming beaches)

(Língua Geral Amazônica, metonymic) beach (shore of a body of water)


kûandu

desc

→ Portuguese: cuandu, coandu, coendu, quandu

→ New Latin: coendou

→ English: coendou, coendoo (obsolete)


so'ogûasurãîgûera

From so'o (“beast of venery”) + -gûasu (“big”) + rãî (“tooth”) + gûer (“former”) + -a, literally “big beast of venery's former tooth”.

af

(Late Tupi, hapax legomenon) ivory (hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants)


arabé

Nheengatu: arawé

→ Portuguese: araué


'ybaremusu

From 'ybarema (“garlic”) + -usu (“big”).

'ybanemusu (alternative)
'ybarema usu (alternative)


ybytinga

→ Portuguese: Ibitinga

/ɨ.βɨˈtĩ.ŋa/

From yby (“earth”) + tinga (“whiteness”).


Ybytinga

/ɨ.βɨˈtĩ.ŋa/


kamixá

Nheengatu: kamixá

Borrowed from Portuguese camisa, from Old Galician-Portuguese camisa, from Late Latin camisia, borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi, from *hamō + *-iþi.

etymon

iiakỳm xe camixà

a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Humida couſa”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 23r, column 1, line 17; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 183:


apere'a

desc

→ Portuguese: preá, apereá, pereá, piriá


okena

head

okena (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute okena, R1 rokena, R2 sokena)

Nheengatu: ukena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *okẽn, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷẽn, from *ekʷ + *en. By surface analysis, oka (“house”) + ena (“mouth”).
Cognate with Guaraní okẽ (“door”), Karitiâna akãn (“village”).


ingá

Nheengatu: ingá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ingá
→ English: inga


îy

Nheengatu: jí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨ (“axe”), from Proto-Tupian *wɨ (“axe”).

inh+

Coordinate term: îykûara (“steel axe”)

stone axe (tool for felling trees or chopping wood)

tool (any piece of equipment used in a profession or to make a task easier)


îykûara

From îy (“tool”) + kûara (“hole”). Tupians made their axes with a sharp stone tied up to the handle, while steel axe heads are made with a hole where the handle is passed through, rendering the new name.

Coordinate term: îy (“stone axe”)


ro'ysanga

Nheengatu: irusanga (“cold”)


nhy'ã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔã (“heart”).
Cognate with Guaraní ñe'ã.

(loosely) bowels; entrails (the internal organs)


'ybaaîa

→ Portuguese: uvaia


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

ta'yra (absolute)
aîyra (feminine)
ayra (alternative obsolete)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)

(figurative) child (man considered a product of a place); native of; from


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra)

ta'yra (absolute)
ayra (alternative obsolete)


a'yra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *a-ʔɨr (“semen, son of a man, small”), from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨt (“semen”). Doublet of a'yrĩ.


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

female equivalent of a'yra
daughter of a man

fraternal niece (daughter of one's brother)

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)

female equivalent of a'yra
pup; cub (female young of an animal)

(figurative) child (woman considered a product of a place); native of; from


sybá

Nheengatu: siwá

forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)


sye'yma

/ˌsɨ.ɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From sy (“mother”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.

maternal orphan (child who has lost their mother)


obá

head

obá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tobá, R1 robá, R2 sobá)

Nheengatu: suá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *toβa (“face”), from Proto-Tupian *jəba (“face, forehead”).
Cognate with Guaraní tova.

inh+

Morubixâbaboiâ amo oçobâpetec aipobo pipo morubixâba erenheengobaixoar, oyabo?

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Paſſo de Annàs [Annas's Passage]” (chapter IIII), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n137/mode/1up Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 55v:

Some servant of the High Priest slapped his face, saying: “Is this how you answer the High Priest?”

face (front part of the head of a human or animal)


pûãmytera

head

pûãmytera (possessable, absolute mûãmytera)

mûãmytera (absolute)
pûã-mytera (alternative)

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + pytera (“center”).


pûãmirĩ

mûãmirĩ (absolute)
pûa-mirĩ (alternative)

By surface analysis, pûã (“finger”) + mirĩ (“small”).


pûãmyterybyrixûara

head

pûãmyterybyrixûara (possessable, absolute mûãmyterybyrixûara)

mûãmyterybyrixûara (absolute)
pûã-myterybyrixûara (alternative)

By surface analysis, pûãmytera (“middle finger”) + ybyri (“next to”) + -xûar (“what”, relative) + -a, literally “what is next to the middle finger”.


amba'yba

→ Portuguese: ambaíba

cecropia (any tree of the genus Cecropia)


kunhãmuku

Nheengatu: kunhãmukú

young lady (woman between 15 and 25 years old)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


mokõî

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mokõy.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mokõi and Kaiwá mokõi.


akaîueté

a‧ka‧îu‧e‧té

From akaîu (“cashew”) + eté (“true”), as to differentiate it from other Anacardium species.

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

cashew apple (accessory fruit of Anacardium occidentale)


akaîu'aîuba

From akaîu (“cashew”) + 'aîuba (“ripening”).

Nã mbobi nho ruã acayû aiûbane, auyerámanhête.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n340/mode/1up Livro Oitavo dos quatro novissimos do homen […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 163:

It won't be just some years, but forever.


nhe'enge'yma

Nheengatu: nheengaíma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From nhe'enga (“word”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.


nhe'enge'yma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/


obyeté

head

obyeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tobyeté, R1 robyeté, R2 sobyeté)

[ɔˌβ̞ɨ.ɛˈtɛ]

From oby (“blue, green, purple”) + eté (“true”), as to differentiate it from the other colors.


apó

head

apó (possessable, IIe class pluriform, absolute sapó, R1 rapó, R2 sapó)

Nheengatu: apú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapo, from Proto-Tupian *ja(-)po.
Cognate with Guaraní tapo.

[…]çapôréma[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter II, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595:

root (part of a plant that anchors and supports the plant body)


angaturama

peer; nobleman; superior (man of higher rank or quality)

the title given to such man for his excellence


angaturama

Nheengatu: angaturama

→ Translingual: Angaturama


anhanga ratá

Literally, “devil's fire”. Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century.


Anhanga ratá

Alternative letter-case form of anhanga ratá


anhanga

Nheengatu: anhanga, ananga, anhangá

(Christianity, Late Tupi) devil; demon (evil spirit resident in or working for Hell)


potĩ

→ Portuguese: poti, Poti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *potĩ.


upixûara

upixûara (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tupixûara, R1 rupixûara, R2 supixûara)

→ Portuguese: tupuxuara

→ New Latin: Tupuxuara


kûatiara

→ Portuguese: Catiara

Nheengatu: kwatiára


ãîa

ãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tãîa, R1 rãîa, R2 sãîa)

Nheengatu: anha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tãj, from Proto-Tupian *jãj.
Cognate with Guaraní tãi.

tooth (hard structure present in the mouth of many animals)

tooth (sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement)


ãnha

ãnha (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tãnha, R1 rãnha, R2 sãnha)


pokaba

pokaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mokaba)

mokaba (absolute)
pocaba (alternative obsolete)

Nheengatu: mukawa

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta in the 16th century, from poka (“explosion”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “explosion instrument”.

af

T. — Esse non bat
F. — Coromo
T. — Neîn.
F. — Mocap[…]Mororocap[…]Mocap-coui[…]Mocap-couiourou[…]

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, pages 124–125:

T. — Name everything.
F. — Just a moment.
T. — Alright.
F. — Firearms, bombards, gunpowder, gunpowder containers.

(by extension) shot (the result of launching a projectile)


esatinga

head

esatinga (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tesatinga, R1 resatinga, R2 sesatinga)


aûsuba

aûsuba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taûsuba, R1 raûsuba, R2 saûsuba)

love (deep caring for the existence of another)


'aba

Nheengatu: awa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaβ. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + aba (“hair”).
Cognate with Awetí ʔap.

surf

(of animals) fur; contour feather; plumage, when it grows on the head


obaîuba

Nheengatu: uaíwa

[ɔ.β̞aˈʝu.β̞a]

From obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.


yku

head

yku (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyku, R1 ryku, R2 tyku)


agûaragûasu

→ Portuguese: aguaraçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awarawat͡su. By surface analysis, agûará + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní aguara guasu, aguarasu.

surf

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual

eŷmbaba îagûara · îagûapytanga · îagûara [edit]


putuna

Nheengatu: pituna

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtun. Doublet of putun.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní pytũ.

pytuna (alternative)
pyxuna (alternative)

Tiá nde putuna


îu'iperereka

Nheengatu: perereka

→ Portuguese: perereca

From îu'i (“frog”) + pererek (“jumper”) + -a.


paranãgûasu

Nheengatu: paranawasú

Portuguese: Paranaguaçu

Paranagoaçu raçapa / aju derepiapota / ejori orerauçubâ / Tej catu de cuapa / Xeruba Tupinãba.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Outra” (chapter XXXI), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 31v, lines 50–54; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 71:

I came, crossing the ocean, wanting to see you. Come to pity us! May my father Tupinambá can meet you!

Baè baèpiã teõ çuî nheangoâbo / Guarininamoçô, paranágoâçu raçâbano.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Dialogo Quinto. Do Sacramento da Penitencia” (chapter VII), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n192/mode/1up Livro Quinto do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 91:

What are, by chance, the times to fear death? Going to war, crossing the ocean too.


'apiku'i

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔapikuʔi. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + pira (“skin”) + ku'i (“flour”).
Cognate with Guaraní apiku'i.


ku'i

Nheengatu: kuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuʔi.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ku'i.

flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)

crumb (small piece which breaks off from baked food)


tatuûasu

Nheengatu: tatuwasú

→ Portuguese: tatu-açu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuwat͡su. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -ûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Guaraní tatu guasu.


sebo'i

Nheengatu: xibuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡seβoʔi (“worm”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní evo'i and Paraguayan Guaraní sevo’i.

inh+

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Ejori / baenẽ baepoxi / bora, miaratacaca / ceboi, tamarutaca

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 71, lines 488–491; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech/worm, mantis shrimp


a'ypaba

head

a'ypaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'ypaba, R1 ra'ypaba, R2 ta'ypaba)

From a'yra (“semen”) + paba (“depletion”).


îasanã

Nheengatu: yasanã

desctree

→ Portuguese: jaçanã
→ English: jacana
→ Finnish: jassana
→ Italian: jacana
→ Swedish: jaçana
→ Translingual: Jacana

Jacana jacana
Jacana jacana#Translingual


teîú

Nheengatu: teyú

→ Portuguese: teiú, teju, tegu, tiú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teju.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju.

tegu (any lizard in the genera Tupinambis or Salvator)


teîugûasu

Nheengatu: teyuwasú

desc

→ Portuguese: teiú-açu, teiú-guaçu, → teiú-gigante (calque)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tejuwat͡su. By surface analysis, teîú (“tegu”) + -gûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju guaxu.

surf

Argentine black and white tegu
Argentine black and white tegu

Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae)


atatinga

head

atatinga (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tatatinga, R1 ratatinga, R2 satatinga)

Nheengatu: tatatinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *atatiŋ. By surface analysis, atá (“fire”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ataxĩ and Paraguayan Guaraní tatatĩ.

surf

smoke (visible particles and vapour given off by burning material)


tipoîa

Nheengatu: tipuya

→ Portuguese: tipoia, tipói

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § I (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1291: “Tupiya [Typ[o]îa]”

(hapax legomenon) sling; baby sling (loop of cloth, worn around the neck, for supporting a baby)

Hans Staden (1557) chapter II, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Typpoy [Tipoî[a]]”

(hapax legomenon) a kind of cotton camisole worn by women


moretĩ

Nheengatu: mirití

desc

→ Portuguese: buriti, muruti, muriti, buruti, miriti, murutim (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *muriti.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mburiti.

inh+

mboretĩ (alternative)
mberiti (alternative)
mborutĩ (alternative)
meriti (alternative)
morutĩ (alternative)


'yba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

mani'yba

akaîu'yba

Ocuiracô amume îbáramboera oîbaçuí îbotîramo oicóbobê: amô racó ogoaquîra pupe y cui amóracò ogoaiubirê ycui.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro nouiſsimo, que he a morte.” (chapter I), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n164/mode/1up Livro Quarto do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 157v:

The fruits sometimes fall from their tree when they are still flowers, others when green and others when ripe.

shoot (emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant)


'yba

Nheengatu: iwa

'ypûã

handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


'yba

By surface analysis, 'y (“water”) + aíb (“bad”) + -a.


'yba

Coir nungâra âra pupê Chriſto recô reronheeng nheenga recê T. rerobiaçareima S. Andre Apoſtolo biâ jucao; cruZ recê ymoiâri, yyerurèçaboê omboêçâra moetêbo igbatê coti ogoètimâ moiarucari igbâ coti oâcanga.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “November”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 9:

In a day like today, for keep speaking about the work of Christ, the ones that didn't believe in God killed Saint Andrew the Apostle. On the cross they nailed him as he asked, honoring his master: he ordered that his legs be nailed upwards [and] his head downwards.


'yba

(Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)


puraké

Nheengatu: puraké

→ Brazilian Portuguese: poraquê

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *purake.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní porake.

inh+

poraque / he peixe de cimquo e ceis palmos de comprido e he da cor de moreia e por dezer a uerdade he peixe muito desguostozo e xeio de pequenas espinhas e he muito fiaremto mas ele tem esta uertude quem o quizer matar de algũo pau ou espada fas cair hõu ornem e lhe fas cair o pau da mon e o fas estremecer todo o corpo e o camgue e fiqua hũ bom padaco de tempo com isto e ha algumis que o comem e ha muitos nesta tera

[c. 1631, Christovão de Lisboa, Historia dos animaes e arvores do Maranhão [History of Maranhão's animals and trees] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, page 172v:

“puraké” is a fish five or six spans long and of the same color of the eel and, truth be told, very distasteful and full of small fishbones and is very [?], but it has this virtue: one who wants to kill it with some club or sword, it takes the man down and makes him drop the club, making his whole body and blood tremble, and he stays with this for a long time. There are some that eat it and there are many on this land.

Electrophorus electricus
Electrophorus electricus#Translingual

(North Tupi, hapax legomenon) electric eel (Electrophorus electricus)

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

chola guitarfish (Pseudobatos percellens)


puraké

head

puraké (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute muraké)

Nheengatu: puraké

elbow (joint between upper arm and forearm)


marakanãarara

Primolius maracana
Primolius maracana#Translingual


ybyrapytanga

→ Portuguese: ibirapitanga, >? arabutã

[ɨ.β̞ɨˌɾa.pɨˈtã.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨrapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, ybyrá (“tree”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní yvyrapytã.


nhanduabiîu

→ Portuguese: nhanduabiju

From nhandu (“spider”) + abiîu (“fluff”).

whip scorpion (any arachnid in the order Thelyphonida)


kurusá

Nheengatu: kurusá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Curuçá

Língua Geral Amazônica and Língua Geral Paulista form of krusá (“cross”)


pinda'yba

From pindá (“fishhook”) + 'yba (“tree, shaft”)


pinda'yba

desc

→ Portuguese: pindaíba, pindaíva, pindaúva


'ara

'ara pukuî

day (time when the Sun is above the horizon and it lights the sky)

sun; daylight (light and warmth received from the sun)

air (substance constituting Earth's atmosphere)

amana 'ara


'ara

Nheengatu: ara


aîuru

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ajuru


aîurueté

Brazilian Portuguese: → ajuruetê, → papagaio-verdadeiro (calque)

a‧îu‧ru‧e‧té

From aîuru (“amazon parrot”) + eté (“true”).

Amazona aestiva
Amazona aestiva#Translingual

turquoise-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva)


tapuîa

tapu'yîa (alternative)
tapy'yîa (alternative)


tapuîa

head

tapuîa (possessable, female equivalent tapuîpera)

tapuîpera (feminine)
tapu'yîa (alternative)
tapy'yîa (alternative)

→ Portuguese: tapuia


tapuîa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiɨj.

inh+

shack (crude, roughly built hut or cabin)


aîká

dolphin (carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea)


tabaîara

→ Portuguese: tabajara

From taba (“village”) + îara (“lord”). Piecewise doublet of tabyîara.

Tabajara, indigenous people that live in Northeastern Brazil


îara

Nheengatu: yara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jar, from Proto-Tupian *iwat.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ja and Paraguayan Guaraní jára.

Ndeirũnámo yande jàra recou.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Ave Maria”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 14:

lord; lady (ruler, one having mastery over others)

Chépoutoupaue nerébouiroußou reßé nerepiac apouyäue opap catou nereminboée ſecoremé Euhouyh tourouſſou vaé neiare ſecoremé.

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, quoting Itapucu, “HARANGVE FAICTE au Roy en preſence de la Reyne Regente ſa Mere par Itapoucou du depuis nommé Louys Marie au nom des Maragnans”, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 341v:

I am admired by your greatness, seeing you, for all men being your subjects, [and] for the land, which is large, being yours.

(hapax legomenon) thing possessed, owned


u'uba

head

u'uba (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute u'uba, R1 ru'uba, R2 su'uba)

Nheengatu: uíwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uʔyP, from Proto-Tupian *ə-ꝁɯP.
Cognate with Guaraní hu'y.

arrow (projectile that is shot from a bow)


karukasy

From karuka (“afternoon, evening”) + asy (“pain”), literally “afternoon pain, evening pain”.


emirekó

head

emirekó (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekó, R1 remirekó, R2 semirekó)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, mi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

Xeremirecô, eré pe abà çupè aipô nheeng poxi recè nde roríbamo?

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 105:

You called someone "my wife", becoming happy because of those rotten words?


emirekoeté

head

emirekoeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekoeté, R1 remirekoeté, R2 semirekoeté)

From emirekó (“wife”) + eté (“true, legitimate, authentic, genuine”), literally “legitimate wife, true wife”.

affix

Clara, y xè Gonçalo orogoàr xeremirecò etéramo Sancta Madre Igreja de Roma tecômonhangába rupi.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n269/mode/1up Livro Setimo da ordem de baptizar, […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 134:

Clara, I Gonçalo take you as my legitimate wife, according to the regulations of the Holy Mother Church of Rome.

(Late Tupi) legitimate wife, with whom someone got married in the church

the most esteemed or beloved woman, often the last one taken


akûãîa

head

akûãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute takûãîa, R1 rakûãîa, R2 sakûãîa)

takûãîa (absolute)
akûãnha (alternative)

Nheengatu: akunha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akʷãj.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní akuãĩ.

inh+

Erepokókpe nde rakuãia resé eñemoaguyrōmo?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum Mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 90, line 13:

Have you touched your penis arousing yourself?


mboîpeba

Nheengatu: buya-pewa

desc

Portuguese: → boipeva, boipeba, goipeba, pepeua, pepeva, → cobra-chata (calque)

From mboîa (“snake”) + peb (“flat”) + -a. The snake flattens its body when threatened.


tatupeba

→ Portuguese: tatupeba

From tatu (“armadillo”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.

six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus)


kesaba

Nheengatu: kisawa

From ker (“to sleep”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “sleeping place”.

af

Eyotĩ de queçába, xeporupî.

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 44:

perch (rod used used as a roost by birds)


tatueté

Nheengatu: tatueté

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → tatuetê, → tatu-verdadeiro (calque)

nine-banded armadillo
nine-banded armadillo

Dasypus novemcinctus
Dasypus novemcinctus#Translingual

nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)


tatu'i

Nheengatu: tatuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuʔi. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -'i (dimminutive suffix).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tatu'i

surf

Dasypus septemcinctus
Dasypus septemcinctus#Translingual

seven-banded armadillo (Dasypus septemcinctus)


tatuapara

Nheengatu: tatú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuapara

From tatu (“armadillo”) + apar (“curved”) + -a.

af

Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes trincinctus)


tatugûaxima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuxima

greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay)


gûamaîakugûará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: baiacu-ará


taturama

Possibly from tatu (“armadillo”) + ram (“future”) + -a, because the outside of their nest is similar to an armadillo shell.

warrior wasp (any wasp in the genus Synoeca)


eirapu'a

Nheengatu: irapuã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: irapuá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirapuʔa. By surface analysis, eíra (“bee”) + apu'a (“round”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní eirapu'a.


tataeíra

Nheengatu: tatá-ira

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → tataíra, → abelha-de-fogo (calque)

From tatá (“fire”) + eíra (“bee”), referring to its painful bite.


ysá

Nheengatu: isá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: içá


ysaúba

Nheengatu: usaíwa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saúva, saúba


aîxó

head

aîxó (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîxó, R1 raîxó, R2 taîxó)


potigûara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: potiguar, potiguara

Named after chieftain Potigûara, from potĩ (“shrimp”) + gûara (“eater”).

pitikoara (alternative)
pitigûara (alternative)

Potiguara, a Tupian people from Northeast Brazil

1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

The ones that fought us, the evil men Potiguara, all died in Serinha'ẽ. Everyone that helped the evil men sadly died in battle yesterday. The ones that fought alongside the evil men, for their own disgrace, have all died by our hands. Today their lives were not spared. Why this, if they are the true inhabitants of this land?


mimbaba

Nheengatu: mimbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mumbavo

Kó 'ara îamoeté Tupãetéramo o ekó pupé apyabetéramo Cristo o sy suí i 'aragûera. Onhemoarûabo mba’eîare’yma îabé, ybyrá itá monhangymbyra kupépe so’o mimbaba roka ogûar gupabamo. Semiuru rupápe i xy i nongi. Ybakygûana onhemoputupab i nhemomoreaûsuba repîaka. 'Ara i pîasaba îekuakupaba.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “25. Natiuitas Dòmini. G. I.”, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Catalogo dos dias Santos de guarda, & de jejum (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 9v:

On this day, we honor the birth of Christ from his mother as the true God. Becoming humble as the poor, behind a stone-made fence, he took the livestock animal's house as his lodging. His mother put him in their manger. Heaven's inhabitants were astonished seeing he humiliating himself. Day of obligation and fasting.


eîmbaba

head

eîmbaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teîmbaba, R1 reîmbaba, R2 seîmbaba)

[…]xéreimbâba tapiîra

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 14v:


mbi'u

mbi'u (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mbi'u, R1 rembi'u, R2 sembi'u, R3 o embi'u)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *emiʔu. By surface analysis, mi- (passive marker) + 'u (“to eat”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tembi'u.

surf

A Juneſche been ermi vramme

1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXI, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Orê remiu
Ara yabiõ ndoâra
Eimeeng cori orebe.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do ſinal da Sancta Cruz, & mais oraçoens” (chapter I), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, Padre noſso, page 13v:


kabobaîuba

From kaba (“wasp”) + obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

af

bee of the species Melipona (Michmelia) rufiventris


îate'i

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jataí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jateʔi.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní jate'i.

inh+

narrow stingless bee (Tetragonisca angustula)


miaûsuba

head

miaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba, R3 o emiaûsuba)

miaûsuba (absolute)
emiaûsuba (alternative)
mbiaûsuba (alternative)

From mi- (passive deverbal prefix) + aûsub (“to love”) + -a.

af

Marã oicobotepe, / Ace Anhãga rẽbiauçubamo cecou?

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 26v:

But acting in what way, being the people Devil's loved one?


miaûsuba

Nheengatu: emiasúa, imiasú, miasúa

1645 October 4, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Antônio Paraupaba (Camarão Indians' letters; 2), page 1:

These whites are always, as you are well aware, wanting us as their own slaves.


emiaûsuba

head

emiaûsuba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temiaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba)


mbiaûsuba

mbiaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mbiaûsuba, R1 rembiaûsuba, R2 sembiaûsuba, R3 o embiaûsuba)


'ybarema

From 'ybá (“fruit”) + rem (“stinky”) + -a.


karaibebé

Nheengatu: karaiwewé

[ka.ɾaˌi.β̞ɛˈβ̞ɛ]

Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century, from karaíba (“Christian”) + bebé (“flying”).

Peyôri apiàbetà
Oyepé tiay moêté
Yandé caraîbèbê

1618, Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Cantigas na lingoa pera os mininos da Sancta Doctrina (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 6:

Come, men. We shall honor in unisson our angel.

Pe îabi'õ Pa'i Tupã karaibebé moingóû. A'e pe mopyatã; a'e kó pe sumarã pe 'anga suí i mondóû.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 50; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

For each one of you, Lord God has charged an angel. He makes you strong; he shoos away your enemies from your souls.


taîasu

taîasu (unpossessable, female equivalent taîasukunhã)

Nheengatu: tayasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: taiaçu

→ Translingual: Tayassu, Pecari tajacu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tajat͡ʃu.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tajaxu.

inh+

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

white-lipped peccary
white-lipped peccary

Tayassu pecari
Tayassu pecari#Translingual

(Late Tupi, hapax legomenon) white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Endete, derecemõ / ariama, tayaçu

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 167v, column 2, lines 27–28; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 313:

But you, chickens and pigs are plentiful.

Tajaçu remiuru.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 76; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)


taîasu

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


kupu'y

desctree

Nheengatu: kupuí, kupuaí (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: cupuí

(North Tupi) plant of the species Theobroma subincanum


mboîoby

→ Brazilian Portuguese: boiobi, boiubu

[ᵐbɔ.jɔˈβ̞ɨ]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mojoβɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní mbói hovy.

inh+

Lichtenstein's green racer (Philodryas olfersii)


sûasupytanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃupɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu pytã.


sûasutinga

Nheengatu: suasú-tinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçutinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu tĩ.


sûasuapara

Nheengatu: suasú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçuapara

From sûasu (“deer”) + apar (“bent”) + -a.

sugûasuapara (alternative)
sygûasuapara (alternative)

a species of South American deer with big antlers. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


sûasuarana

Nheengatu: suasuarana

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçurana, Suassurana

sugûasuarana (alternative)
susuarana (alternative)
susurana (alternative)
sygûasuarana (alternative)

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual


îagûapytanga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaguapitanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.

surf

Lycalopex vetulus
Lycalopex vetulus#Translingual


îagûapopeba

From îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pó (“hand”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.
Possibly cognate with Guaraní jagua pe.

af

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1318: “Iaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 251: “jagoarapeba [îagûarapeba]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Lagartos”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 91; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 209, line 2353: “Jaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

anonymous author (1622) “Lontra”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 24: “Iagoapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”


miaratakaka

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaritataca, maritacaca

îaratakaka (alternative)
îagûarekaka (alternative)
maratakaka (alternative)
mariatataka (alternative)
mbiarataka (alternative)

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 44; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech, mantis shrimp!

striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus)


sarigûeîa

head

sarigûeîa (unpossessable, male equivalent taîyby)

taîyby (masculine)
sarigûé (alternative)
sariûé (alternative)

Nheengatu: sariwé

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saruê, saiguê, sarigueia

Meronym: ambeaîó (“marsupium”)

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica? / Andira ruâpee. / Panama, coipo guaiquica? / enero, cururu açica? / eri, carigueya e. / Ejori / baenẽ baepoxi / bora, miaratacaca / ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij / auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled toad? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

female large American opossum (any mammal in the genus Didelphis)


ambeaîó

head

ambeaîó (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tambeaîó, R1 rambeaîó, R2 sambeaîó)

Holonym: sarigûeîa


îaku

Nheengatu: yakú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaku, from Proto-Tupian *waku.
Cognate with Guaraní jaku.

typical guan (any bird in the genus Penelope)


îagûaruna

Nheengatu: yawaruna

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Jaguaruna

From îagûara (“jaguar”) + un (“black”) + -a.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

black panther (melanistic colour variant of the jaguar (Panthera onca))


îupará

Nheengatu: yupará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jupará


petyma

Nheengatu: pitima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: petima

→ French: pétun

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *pe
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi petyma
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm, from Proto-Tupian *pe.
Cognate with Guaraní petỹ.

inh+

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 148; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Did you bring your tobacco? / — Here. But my fire went out. / — No problem. You there, go bring it in hiding; steal it from around here. / Here I am! My master, I flew. Here is the fire I went after. / — Yes, Tatapytera shall sit here, you there, Moroupîarûera here.

tobacco (any plant in the genus Nicotiana)


kereîûá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: crejoá

D. Aob querêjuâ coaracî çocé / Oberabae nungara, T. remimotara rupî / Acê moingoçára.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Da criação do mundo, dos Anjos, & ſua cahida” (chapter II), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n104/mode/1up Livro Segundo do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 37v:

D. Like banded cotinga clothes that shine more than the sun, that make us be in accordance with God's will.


endy

head

endy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tendy, R1 rendy, R2 sendy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *en-tɨ, from Proto-Tupian *enɨ. By surface analysis, ena (“mouth”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní endyry.


endy

Nheengatu: endí

Coordinate term: beraba

tataendy

shine (brightness from a source of light)


reîa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi reîa
Adapted borrowing of Portuguese rei (“king”) + -a.

af

Orirẏ nde iucare / tupã çumarã reya / eiori ore requÿa / toroico nde ipipenhe / ore çumarã mõdia

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 124, lines 1476–1480; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

They tremble after killing you, the kings enemy to God. Come to rapture us, so we can be at your side, and frighten our enemies.

monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy; king or queen)

royalty (rank, status, power or authority of a monarch)


ubixaba

head

ubixaba (IIa class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 subixaba)

ubixaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 tubixaba)

Nheengatu: uixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuxaua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní uvixa.

inh+

chief; leader (head of a group of people, organisation, etc.)

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)


pororoka

Nheengatu: pururuka


pororoka

Nheengatu: pururuka

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pororoca
→ English: pororoca
→ German: Pororoca
→ Italian: pororoca
→ Spanish: pororoca


'ybagûasu

Nheengatu: babasú, iwawasá, wawasú (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: babaçu
→ English: babassu
→ French: babaçu, babassu
→ Italian: babaco

[ɨˌβ̞a.ɡʷaˈsu]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ
Proto-Tupian *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa
Old Tupi 'ybá
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi 'ybagûasu
From 'ybá (“fruit”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Vua ouaſſouran[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter XXXVIII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 222v:

(Late Tupi) citron (fruit of the citron tree)


mãîa

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, rare in Late Tupi)

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Adapted borrowing of Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

af

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


atîama

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Guaraní atiã.


aruanã

Nheengatu: arawanã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aruanã, aruaná

aruana / he tres palmos de comprido as escamas grandes a cor de prata comese a barbatunha tem uermelhas

[c. 1631, Christovão de Lisboa, Historia dos animaes e arvores do Maranhão [History of Maranhão's animals and trees] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, page 175:

“aruana” is three spans long. The scales [are] big, silver-colored. It's edible. The fins are red.

(hapax legomenon) silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)


nhe'engerekoara

[ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛ.ɾɛˌkɔˈa.ɾa]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ
Old Tupi nhe'eng
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'enga
Old Tupi erekó
Proto-Tupian *-at
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ar
Old Tupi -sar
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'engerekoara
From nhe'enga (“language”) + erekó (“to have”) + -ar (deverbalizer suffix) + -a, literally “language haver”.

af

Abarê nheengerecoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Lingoa, o q. disso serue a outro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 22; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) interpreter (person who converts spoken language in real time)


embé

head

embé (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tembé, R1 rembé, R2 sembé)

Nheengatu: embé

Coordinate term: apûã (“upper lip”)

labium inferius oris
labium inferius oris

(strictly) labium inferius oris; lower lip

(figurative) border (outer edge of something)


tupinikĩ

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupiniquim
→ English: Tupiniquim

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests Tupi + ekyî + -a.

Tacejane moxirõ / taçone paratijpe / Tupinaquija reigpe / amo amo taijbõ
Xete cori reritipe

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Na Aldeia de Guaraparim] [In the Village of Guaraparim]” (chapter LXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Guarapari, page 156v, column 1, lines 727–731; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 297:

— I shall leave the evil one at least. I will go to the Parati river, to the Tupiniquim band, to hit some of them with arrows.
— Unlike you, today I go to Rerytiba.

Xeparatij çui
aiu tupãci repiaca
guinhemoyegoayegoaka
xeroribaõamari.
Cori catu xe ibija
Jporangatu rece
çoriba xe yabe
xeruba tupuna quija.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXXI, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 31, column 1, lines 1–8; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 70:

From the Parati river I come to see God's mother, adorning myself for my coming happiness. Very happy is my core with Her great beauty. He's happy, like me, my Tupiniquim father.


pirapu'ã

Cognate with Guaraní pirapuã. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + pu'am (“standing”).

surf

whale (any large marine mammal in infraorder Cetacea)


eŷmbaba

head

eŷmbaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teŷmbaba, R1 reŷmbaba, R2 seŷmbaba)

teŷmbaba (absolute)
eîmbaba (alternative)
ymbaba (alternative)

Nheengatu: imbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: xerimbabo

[ɛɨ̯ˈᵐba.β̞a]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eɨmaβ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ymba.

inh+

Ceigmbaba reco biaramo amo aimeeng yxupe.

1622, anonymous author, “Restituir o mesmo q. se tomou in specie tm. como hũa galinha por outra, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 103; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

In exchange for their livestock, I gave them another one.

eŷmbaba îagûara


nhandugûasu

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → nandu-guaçu, → nandu-grande (calque)

Cognate with Guaraní ñandu guasu. By surface analysis, nhandu (“rhea”) + -gûasu (“big”).

surf

Rhea americana
Rhea americana#Translingual


nhandugûasu

By surface analysis, nhandu (“spider”) + -gûasu (“big”).

tarantula (any spider of the family Theraphosidae)


tuîuîu

Nheengatu: tuyuyú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuiuiú

Tuyuyú é uma ave grande de altura de cinco palmos, tem as azas pretas, e papo vermelho, e o mais branco; tem o pescoço muito grande, e o bico de dous palmos de comprido: fazem os ninhos no chão, em montes muito altos, onde fazem grande ninho, em que põem dous ovos, cada um como um grande punho: mantem os filhos com peixe dos rios, o qual comem primeiro, e recozem-n'o no papo, e depois arreveçam-n'o, e repartem-n'o pelos filhos.

1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa, chapter LXXIX, in Notícia do Brasil, Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, 2nd edition, Rio de Janeiro: João Ignancio da Silva, 1879, page 208:

“Tuîuîu” is a large, five-span-tall bird, it has black wings and a red crop, and the rest is white; its neck is very long and the beak is two spans long: they make their nests on the ground, in very high piles, where they make a large nest that they put two eggs in, each one [as big] as a big fist: they sustain their young from river fish, which they eat first, ruminate inside their crop and throw up, sharing with their young.

Ciconia maguari
Ciconia maguari#Translingual


pyapasaba

head

pyapasaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute myapasaba)

From py (“foot”) + apar (“to bend”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “foot-bending tool”.

af

Aipigapaça mondeb.

1622, anonymous author, “Calçar assi a outrem”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 63; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


kabatã

Nheengatu: kawantá, kawatã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cabatã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, kaba (“wasp”) + atã (“brave”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kavytã.

surf

Cabatan são outras abelhas que não são grandes, que fazem seu ninho no ar, dependurado por um fio, que desce da ponta de um raminho[…]e n’estes ninhos armam seus favos, onde criam mel branco e bom.

[1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa, chapter XCI, in Notícia do Brasil (in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, 2nd edition, Rio de Janeiro: João Ignancio da Silva, 1879, page 220:

“Kabatã” are another [kind of] bee that aren't big. They make their nest in the air, suspended by a string that goes down from the tip of a little twig […] and in these nests they set their combs, where they make good white honey.

(hapax legomenon) red paper wasp (Polistes canadensis)


kasîana

Borrowed from Portuguese castelhano. It could also be a direct borrowing from Spanish, as Spaniards were present to some extent in 16th century Brazil and Anchieta himself was a native speaker of it.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 74; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:


arasari

Nheengatu: arasarí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araçari
→ English: aracari, araçari

black-necked aracari (Pteroglossus aracari)


putu'u

head

putu'u (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mutu'u)

Nheengatu: mituú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtuʔu. By surface analysis, putu (“breath”) + 'u (“to eat”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní pytu'u.

surf

days of the week: porabykyara: putu'u · porabykypy · porabykymokõî · porabykymosapyr · so'opapaba · îekuakuba · sabaru [edit]


sabaru

Nheengatu: saurú

Borrowed from Portuguese sábado, from Old Galician-Portuguese sabado, from Latin sabbatum, borrowed from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew שַׁבָּת, possibly borrowed from Akkadian šapattum.


kurumĩ

desctree

Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, colomi, colomim, columim, culumi, culumim, curumi

From kunumĩ, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.


ypeka

Nheengatu: ipeka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨpek, from Proto-Tupian *ɨpekʲ.

Criam-se mais ao longo d'estes rios e nas alagoas muitas adens, a que o gentio chama upeca, que são da feição das de Hespanha, mas muito maiores, as quaes dormem em arvores altas, e criam no chão perto da agua. Comem peixe e da mandioca que está a curtir nas ribeiras; tomam os indios estas adens, quando são novas, e criam-nas em casa onde se fazem muito domesticas.

[1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa, chapter LXXXI, in Notícia do Brasil (in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, 2nd edition, Rio de Janeiro: João Ignancio da Silva, 1879, pages 209–210:

Live along these rivers and in the lakes many mallards, that the Natives called “ypeka”, which look like the ones from Spain, but way bigger, that sleep on tall tress and breed on the ground near water. They eat fish and the cassava curing on the riverbanks; the Indias take these mallards when they are young and rise them at home, where they became very domestic.

Ils ont auſſi des Oyes qu'ils appellent Vpec, beaucoup plus belles & meilleures à manger que les noſtres, eſtans aſſez ſemblables en grandeur.

[1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 242v:

They also have geese called “Ypek[a]”, which are much more prettier and tastier than ours and about the same size.

Vpequa quer dizer pato he preto pelas costas e pardo pela barigua e as azas pimtadas de bramquo e algumis cam todos pretos e he hũ dos pacaros milhores de comer desta tera e fazem os filhos em buraquos de paos e fazem noue e des filhos e tamto que os tirão toman nos com os bicos leuam a borda do rio pera comerem

[c. 1631, Christovão de Lisboa, Historia dos animaes e arvores do Maranhão [History of Maranhão's animals and trees] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, page 186:

“Ypeka” means “duck”. It's black on the back and greyish on the belly and the wings are white-colored and some of them are all black and it's one of the best birds to eat from this land and they breed their chicks inside holes in the wood and breed nine to ten chicks and take them with their beaks to the river for eating.

dabbling duck (any aquatic bird of the subfamily Anatinae)


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: sapucaia
→ English: sapucaia, sapucaya

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡sapukaj.


sapukaîa

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, Língua Geral Paulista)

→ Kariri: dapuka

Nheengatu: sapukaya


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya


gûyrasapukaîa

From gûyrá (“bird”) + sapukaî (“to scream”) + -a.


'yporu

From 'y (“water”) + poru (“man-eater”). Cognate with Guaraní yporu.

Moropotâra recè Pay Tûpã opab erimbaè ibí pôra apîâba, cunhã abè igporû popè ymocanhemi, Anhanga ratâpe ceitîca, auyerâmanhe. Oitonhõ onheenga rupí tecoára oporômonhang baeráma raucûbâ, igporû çupe ymonhã canhemucãreîma.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 106v:

Because of lust, the lord God once all the inhabitants of the earth, men, women as well, with a flood destroyed them, casting them into the fire of the Devil forever, having compassion only on eight who lived according to his own word and who would bear children, not letting the flood destroy them.


mbyryki

desctree

→ Portuguese: muriqui, buriqui
→ English: muriqui

beryki (alternative)
byrygûi (alternative)

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XV, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Briki [Mbyryki]”

André Thevet (1575) chapter XVII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d'André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 951v: “Muriphguy [Byrygûi]”

Fernão Cardim (1583–1590) untitled (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Adolfo de Varnhagen, editor, Narrativa epistolar de uma viagem e missão jesuitica, Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 1847, page 98: “Buriqui [Mbyryki]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Bogios”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 115, line 1114: “beriquis [beryki]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bogio não tem genero”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 56: “Bîriggui [Byrygûi]”

muriqui (any monkey of the genus Brachyteles)


îanypaba

Nheengatu: yenipawa

→ Portuguese: jenipapo
→ English: genipap

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *janɨpaβ.
Cognate with Guaraní ñandypa.

inh+

îenypaba (alternative)
îunypaba (alternative)

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

Aimonguigjanigpaba rece.

1622, anonymous author, “Tingir com janipapo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 128; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


îakurutu

Nheengatu: yakurutú

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacurutu, jucurutu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ñakurutũ.

inh+

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXVI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 233: “Jucurutú [Îukurutu]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos passaros q' andaõ de noite”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 56; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 141, line 1465: “Jacuritu [Îakurutu]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bufo, passaro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 60: “Jacurutû [Îakurutu]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter V (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 199: “Iacvrvtv [Îakurutu]”

South American great horned owl (Bubo virginianus nacurutu)


sûasueté

sugûasueté (alternative)
sygûasueté (alternative)


marakaîagûasu

Nheengatu: marakayawasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: maracajá-açu

From marakaîá (“wild cat”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

(Língua Geral Amazônica) ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)


bixana

head

bixana (?, female equivalent bixanakunhã)

bixanakunhã (feminine)
pixana (alternative)

Nheengatu: pixana

Adapted borrowing of Portuguese bichano + -a.


susuarana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suçuarana


susurana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suçurana


arerãîa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ariranha

Pteronura brasiliensis
Pteronura brasiliensis#Translingual


muruanha

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: beruanha, meruanha, muruanha

Navarro derives it from meru (“fly”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a, but the E>U change is unexplained. Possibly an alternative form *mberuanha existed, as seen in the Portuguese borrowing beruanha, but wasn't recorded.

(hapax legomenon, Late Tupi) stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)


asukiri

Nheengatu: asukirí


tupãrorypaba

From Tupã (“God”) + rorypaba (“place of happiness”).

af

Arobia ychegnuam pupé catou toupan rorupape ycaraïcatouäe gognugnangaue

1586, André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, in Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d’André Thevet [The Great Islander and Piloting of André Thevet], page 253:

I believe deeply in my heart that in paradise those who are truly virtuous gather together.

Emonanamo pemendârirè peteûme pemendàragoêra rerecômemoammo, peîcôcatu, tecó catú repenhãdàpe peicôbo: igbacupe Tupã roripápe, pereõroirè, peçòyanondè.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes do recebimento & bençoens” (chapter 5), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n269/mode/1up Livro Setimo da ordem de baptizar, […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 133v:

Therefore, after your marriage, be careful not to mistreat the one you married. Live well, behaving to embrace virtue, before going to heaven, to paradise, after your deaths.


orypaba

head

orypaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute torypaba, R1 rorypaba, R2 sorypaba)

From oryb (“happy”) + -sab (circumstantial suffix) + -a (nominal suffix), literally “place of happiness”.

affix

M. Doimoacijpe amo onheengaîbagoêra, y yaorè?
D. Oimoacî, ye catuâba cotí oicob aè ndeiteè oâpixâra cacàpa cepîca
M. Aèpe yandejâra çupê marã eỹ?
D. Nde maenduar xerecè nde rorîpape nde recô roirè, ey?
M. Mara ey pe yandejàra ynheeng obaixoa?
D. Cori ereicô xe roripape xe pirine, ey.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do que paſsou na Cruz” (chapter 10), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n137/mode/1up Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 62v–63:

M. Did anyone regret their own evil words, after insulting him?
D. The one who was on his right regretted. It is no wonder he rebuked his fellow, making reparations.
M. And to Our Lord, what did he say?
D. He said: "Remember me after you are in paradise".
M. What did Our Lord say in response to his words?
D. He said: "Today you will be in paradise with me".

(Christianity, Late Tupi) paradise (when possessor is God)


torypaba

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


Anhanga retama

From Anhanga (“Devil”) + retama (“land”), literally “land of the Devil”.
Compare Guaraní añaretã.

af

yanga oso ognanga retam


takûare'ẽ

From takûara (“bamboo”) + e'ẽ (“sweet”).

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

(Late Tupi) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)


arukanga

Nheengatu: arukanga

M. Mbäépe Tupã oimonháng iandé rubypy remirecó retéramo?
D. Iarucanga anhó.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Da creaçaõ do primeiro homem” (chapter 3), in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 48:

M. What did God transform in the body of the wife of our first father?
D. Only his rib.


nhũ

Nheengatu: nhũ

M. Umãmepe Tupã aipó iandé rubypy retérâma monhânghi?
D. Nhum Damaſceno ceríbäé pupé.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Da creaçaõ do primeiro homem” (chapter 3), in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 47:

M. Where did God make what would become the body of this our first father?
D. In a field called Damascene.


tyba

Nheengatu: -tiwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨβ (“abundance”)

inh+

Near-synonyms: apûanã, e'yîa

Tacoareẽdigba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Canaveal daçuquere”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 65; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

M. Deicatuipe amo aè abâ / oporomongaraipa Abarêçuî
D. Eicatu, Abarê tibeimeê.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter II, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n192/mode/1up Livro Quinto do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 80v:

M. Can't another person baptize instead of the priest?
D. They can, in case of really no existence of a priest.

Xepindâeitigcatîba[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Pescaria, onde se pescã cõ rede”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 75; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

forms the frequentative; indicates a frequent or usual action


tuîuka

Nheengatu: tuyuka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tujuk, from Proto-Tupian *tʔup.

Near-synonym: (of inorganic matter) îuka

(of organic matter) decay; deterioration


'ykaraíba

Calque of Portuguese água benta, from 'y + karaíb + -a.

Anhanga nhegoacẽbâba igcaraiba.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n269/mode/1up Livro Setimo da ordem de baptizar, […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 142:

The holy water is the reason of Devil's fleeing.


Tupã sy

Calque of Portuguese Mãe de Deus (“Mother of God”).
Compare Guaraní Tupãsy.


minga'u

head

minga'u (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute minga'u, R1 reminga'u, R2 seminga'u, R3 o eminga'u)

Nheengatu: mingaú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mingau

From mi- (passive deverbal prefix) + ka'u (“to make into pap”).

af

porridge; pap (food in the form of a soft paste)


peteka

Nheengatu: peteka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: peteca


amanarypy'oka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


amanarypy'aka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


ro'yrypy'oka

[ɾɔ.ʔɨ.ɾɨ.pɨˈʔɔ.ka]

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


ro'yrypy'aka

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


xumarã

Alternative form of sumarã following a word ending in i or î