y

head

y (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ty, R1 ry, R2 ty)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of ty.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


amana

Nheengatu: amana

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aman, from Proto-Tupian *aman.
Cognate with Guaraní ama.


amỹîa

head

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)


uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“thigh”), from Proto-Tupian *kʔɨp (“leg”).
Cognate with Guaraní uvã.


sy

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy


py

head

py (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mby)

Nheengatu: pí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨ, *mbɨ, from Proto-Tupian *pɨ, *mbɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní py.


ty

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of y.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


kama

Nheengatu: kama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kam, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑkam.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní káma.


aba

aba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taba, R1 raba, R2 saba)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *rap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sap, Guaraní ague.


'a

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa (“fruit, head”), from Proto-Tupian *ʔa (“fruit, head”).
Cognate wirh Sateré-Mawé 'a and Guaraní 'a.

(vocative, in reverence) dude; bro term of address for a man

(vocative, in reverence) companion; comrade; term of address for a friend

(vocative, in reverence) sir; term of address for an old man


oka

oka (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute oka, R1 roka, R2 soka)

Nheengatu: uka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: oca

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok, *rok, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sok, Guaraní óga.


pira

head

pira (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbira)

Nheengatu: pira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pir, from Proto-Tupian *pit.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní pire.

skin (outer protective layer of the body of a person or animal)


pó

pó (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mbó)

Nheengatu: pú

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *po, from Proto-Tupian *po.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní po.

Nde morerecoâr xerî
Nde poguîrêpe xenonga
Nde raquîpoêra rupî
Toçô xeanga yepi,
Tecô catû mono onga.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, “Do nome ſantifsimo de IESV”, in Antônio de Araújo, compiler, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon:

Be thou my guardian putting thy hands on me. Through your footprints, may my soul always go collecting virtues.


tinga

nausea (feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system)


mena

Nheengatu: mena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *men, from Proto-Tupian *men.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ména.

Coordinate term: emirekó (“wife”)


pé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe, from Proto-Tupian *pe.


kanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaŋ, from Proto-Tupian *kaŋ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kã.

etymon

M. O atá yepé cerà y ij bà mocõya ita pigoâ coaráma rece?
D. Oatá yepè.
M. Marãpe ibiâ cerecou, ymondîca potà?
D. Opaçama pupè yapitiũcequicequij etebo ycanga yeptâçába peabo oyo çuî.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IX, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 62v:

Master: Was his arm too short to reach the place where the nails would go?
Disciple: It was.
Master: What did they do, wanting to draw them closer?
Disciple: With a whole rope they tied it, pulling it a lot and separating its bones from their joints.


itá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ita, from Proto-Tupian *wɨca.
Cognate with Guaraní ita.


itá

Nheengatu: itá

Kysé xe itá pupé aîmonhang.

stone, when refering to pieces used to make tools


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.


urubu

Nheengatu: urubú

desctree

→ Portuguese: urubu
→ Catalan: urubú
→ English: urubu
 (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβu, from Proto-Tupian *urupˀu.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé uruwu and Guaraní yryvu.

etymon

New World vulture (any vulture in the family Cathartidae)


akanga

Nheengatu: akanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *a-kaŋ. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + kanga (“bone”).


asy

head

asy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rasy, R2 sasy, noun form asy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tat͡sɨ (“to hurt, pain”), from Proto-Tupian *(j)atɨ (“to hurt, pain”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní axy.


asy

head

asy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tasy, R1 rasy, R2 sasy)


pereba

pereba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mereba)

Nheengatu: perewa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pereba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pereβ, from Proto-Tupian *perep.


ybyrá

Nheengatu: mirá

→ Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr. The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

cog

Îandé 'anga raûsupape
ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
îandé repyme'engape,
anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
îandé raûsupa,
îandé rarõmo
îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:

Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.


pysã

head

pysã (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mysã)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨt͡ʃã, from Proto-Tupian *pɨt͡ʃˀã.
Cognate with Guaraní pysã.


kamby

Nheengatu: kambí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kamɨ. By surface analysis, kama (“breast”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Guaraní kamby.

surf

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands)


esá

head

esá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tesá, R1 resá, R2 sesá)

Nheengatu: esá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tsetsa, from Proto-Tupian *(e-)t͡sa.
Cognate with Guaraní tesa.


membyra

Nheengatu: mimbira

/mɛ̃ˈᵐbɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mẽmbyT, from Proto-Tupian *mẽpyT. By surface analysis, mena (“husband”) + a'yra (“semen”).
Cognate with Guaraní memby.


ybaté

Nheengatu: iwaté (“height”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβa-te (“high”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷa- (“high”). Doublet of ybaka.
Cognate with Guaraní yvate.


apekũ

→ Portuguese: apecum


nambi

Nheengatu: nambí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: nambi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *nami.
Cognate with Guaraní nambi.

S. Pedro y tãgapema ocequij morubixàba rembiauçuba Malco ceribaè ra pixapa, ynambi mondôra

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Paſſo da Prizão.” (chapter III), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 54b:

Saint Peter drew his sword, striking a servant of the high priest called Malchus, cutting off his ear.

ear; auricle (external part of the organ of hearing)


aîa

head

aîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taîa, R1 raîa, R2 saîa)


'y

Nheengatu: ií

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ʔɨ.
Cognate with Aurá, Awetí, Emerillon, Guajá, Sateré-Mawé, Tapirapé, Tembé, and Xingú Asuriní ʔɨ and Guaraní y.


Tupã

Nheengatu: Tupana, Tupã, Tupá

→ Portuguese: Tupã

Ne mungitta dee Tuppan do Quabe anamaſu y an dee Imme Ranni me ſiſe[…]

1557, Hans Staden, chapter 20, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Ask your God to truly make the storm pass so that it does not harm us.

[…]peẽ Christam ramo pereco roije / Coy peẽ pecanhema rece natecatupe Erimae Chris/tam recou Paitupa raucuba peabo rau

1645 October 21, Diogo Pinheiro Camarão, Letter to Baltazar Araberana, Gaspar Cararu, Jandaia and Pedro Valadin (Camarão Indians' letters; 6), page 2:

You, as Christians, are sick. Now you, for your doom, are the most vunerable. In the past you were Christians, but you sadly left Lord God's love.


kó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ko, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑko.
Cognate with Chiripá koy.


tapiti

Nheengatu: tapetí, tapití

desctree

→ Portuguese: tapiti, tapeti
→ English: tapeti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiti.
Cognate with Guaraní tapiti.

etymon

(astronomy) Name of a constellation. Further details are uncertain.


kunumĩ

desctree

Old Tupi: kurumĩ (LGA)
Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, curumi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.
Cognate with Kamayurá kunu'um, Guarayu, Mbyá Guaraní, and Paraguayan Guaraní kunumi and Urubú-Kaapor kurumĩ.


kûara

Nheengatu: kuara, kwara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷa, from Proto-Tupian *kʷat.
Cognate with Awetí kwat, Guaraní kua.

Pesem tatu kûara suí.

itaîukûara

mine (excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken)


nhe'enga

Nheengatu: nheenga

[ɲɛˈʔɛ̃.ᵑɡa]

Oré nhe'enga oîkoeeté.


etama

head

etama (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetama, R1 retama, R2 setama)

Nheengatu: etama, tama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etam
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní etã.

Coordinate term: oka

Cecobiárõbîrape temireco êtê, coipo menetè peretáme doâra?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter X, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 96:

Should be replaced the true wife or true husband that are in your dwellings?


tupãberaba

Nheengatu: tupã-werawa

From tupã (“thunder”) + beraba (“shine”).


îagûara

Nheengatu: yawara

→ Portuguese: jaguara

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawar.
Cognate with Guaraní jagua.

marakaîá

bixana, *îagûatyryka, marakaîaeté, marakaîagûasu, marakaîamimbaba, marakaîamirĩ


kapi'i

Nheengatu: kapiĩ

→ Portuguese: capim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔi. By surface analysis, ka'a (“leaf”) + po'i (“slender”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'i.

surf

thatch (straw for covering roofs or stacks)


o'o

head

o'o (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute to'o, R1 ro'o, R2 so'o)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oʔo (“meat”), from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní so'o.


eté

head

eté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teté, R1 reté, R2 seté)


andyrá

Nheengatu: andirá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: andirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *anɨra.

inh+

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica?
Andira ruâpee.
Panama, coipo guaiquica?
enero, cururu açica?
eri, carigueya e.
Ejori
baenẽ baepoxi
bora, miaratacaca
ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij
auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled frog? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

bat (any flying mammal of the order Chiroptera)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eíra
From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ei and Paraguayan Guaraní eíra.

etymon

honey (sweet substance produced by bees)


py'a

head

py'a (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute my'a)

Nheengatu: piá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨʔa (“liver”), from Proto-Tupian *pɨʔa (“liver”).
Cognate with Guaraní py'a.

inh+

Xepiaecotebẽ.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 36; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(figuratively) heart (source of one's feelings and emotions)

(figuratively) mind; brains (source of one's thoughts and awareness)

Acoeime aicotebẽ
Xerecopochipuruabo
taiticpac coty ypeabo
xenhiãme tereique
Xepig-a moingatuabo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 130, lines 27-31:

In the past, I was anguished, commiting wrongdoings. May I throw away all traps, repelling them. May you enter in my heart, protecting my core.

(figuratively) core; bowels (deepest or innermost part)


tapi'irapé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Tapirapé

By surface analysis, tapi'ira (“tapir”) + pé (“path”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i rape and Paraguayan Guaraní Mborevi Rape.

surf

(astronomy, hapax) Milky Way (broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky)


seîxu

Nheengatu: siusí


pirapanema

From pirá (“fish”) + panema (“useless”).


îasytatagûasu

From îasytatá (“star”) + -gûasu (“big”).


îybá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨβa.
Cognate with Guaraní jyva.


etymã

head

etymã (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetymã, R1 retymã, R2 setymã)

Nheengatu: etimã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etɨmã.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní tetyma.


popytera

head

popytera (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mopytera)

Nheengatu: pú-pitera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *popɨter. By surface analysis, pó (“hand”) + pytera (“middle”).
Cognate with Guaraní popyte.


kaûĩ

Nheengatu: kawĩ

→ Portuguese: cauim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kawĩ (“fermented drink, corn drink”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní kaguijy and Paraguayan Guaraní kaguy.

inh+

cauim (traditional alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of cashews, manioc or maize)


tupãoka

Nheengatu: tupauku

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã
Old Tupi tupã
Old Tupi Tupã
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Old Tupi tupãoka
From Tupã (“God”) + oka (“house”), coined by Jesuits in the 16th century. Piecewise doublet of Tupã roka.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní tupão.

etymon

Xe pô, xepi, abâ pô, y pi, ara o membira ragoera coabirè, S. Maria o membira IeSVS reraçou T. oc-ipe T. tubape y coabeenga, iudeos recomonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Februarius”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 3v:

Forty days after the birth of her son, Saint Mary took her son Jesus to the synagogue to present him to God the Father, following the Jewish law.

Putunamorecê y querpe xererijara T. òca eimonhang, ey S Maria y xupê; cò moçauçûba xeremimotaramo cecó cuapàba[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Augustus”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 7:

On a certain night, in their sleep, Saint Mary said to them: "Make a church in my name. This dream is a sign of my will."

house of worship (mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith)


paîé

head

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé, pagé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


ebira

ebira (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tebira, R1 rebira, R2 sebira)

→ Portuguese: tibira, tubi, tuvira

hindquarters (the rear half of a quadruped)


ugûy

ugûy (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tugûy, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tuwy, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *cuy, from Proto-Tupian *jəɯ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé suː, Guaraní tuguy.


ugûy

ugûy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy, noun form ugûy)

form ugûy (noun)
Causative
mougûy
-ba'e
sugûyba'e
-sab
-saba
ugûŷaba
ugûysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rugûy (active)
sugûy (active)
oré rugûy (active)
îandé rugûy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy (active)
ta nde rugûy (active)
ta sugûy (active)
t'oré rugûy (active)
t'îandé rugûy (active)
ta pe rugûy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rugûyî (active)
na nde rugûyî (active)
na sugûyî (active)
n'oré rugûyî (active)
n'îandé rugûyî (active)
na pe rugûyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rugûy umẽ (active)
pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy umẽ (active)
ta nde rugûy umẽ (active)
ta sugûy umẽ (active)
t'oré rugûy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rugûy umẽ (active)
ta pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rugûyramo (gerund)
nde rugûyramo (gerund)
o ugûyramo (gerund)
oré rugûyramo (gerund)
îandé rugûyramo (gerund)
pe rugûyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
o ugûye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ugûy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ugûye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rugûyû (infinitive)
sugûyû (infinitive)
oré rugûyû (infinitive)
îandé rugûyû (infinitive)
xe rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
sugûye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rugûye'ymi (infinitive)

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 184):

His mother wasn't bleeding even: she was dry, she wasn't deflowered.

menstruous (currently undergoing menstruation)


anhangu'i

/ã.ɲã.ŋuˈʔi/


itaîuba

Nheengatu: itayúa

From itá (“metal”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

Opâ combô moçapı̣r miçã àra cic-eme apı̣abamo ôcı̣ riguè çuî. T. taìra ârirê, moçàpîr Murubixaba Reys, yàba, coaracîcẽbâba còti çuî ô urbae, yacı̣tatâ cerecòarama recê T. remimonhang piçâçû pê jàramo y xupê, goerú yetanongàbamo, itajùba, icicatã ciapuábae, mirra, moçâg too çuî: itajúba murubixàba Reyamo cecõ mombeguâba ici catâcia puãna Tupanamo cecô cuàpâba, toô çuî Mirra moroecê ceõ agoama mombeguàba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “6. Epiphania Domini. G.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, pages 3–3v:

At the thirteenth day, after God the Son being born as a man from His mother's womb, three chieftains called Kings came from the east, following the guardian star, which God had just made to show the way, and brought Him as gifts gold, frankincense and myrrh, heartwood's medicine: the gold was the way of telling He was a chieftain, a King; the frankincense was the way of knowing He was God; the heartwood myrrh was the way of telling He would die for the people.

Itajucoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Uea, ou mina de ouro ou prata”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 142; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Aimõdar ahẽ xeitajubari[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Sospeitar mal de alguẽ”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 19; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


so'ogûasurãîgûera

From so'o (“beast of venery”) + -gûasu (“big”) + rãî (“tooth”) + gûer (“former”) + -a, literally “big beast of venery's former tooth”.

af

(Late Tupi, hapax) ivory (hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants)


ybytinga

→ Portuguese: Ibitinga

/ɨ.βɨˈtĩ.ŋa/

From yby (“earth”) + tinga (“whiteness”).


okena

head

okena (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute okena, R1 rokena, R2 sokena)

Nheengatu: ukena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *okẽn, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷẽn, from *ekʷ + *en. By surface analysis, oka (“house”) + ena (“mouth”).
Cognate with Guaraní okẽ (“door”), Karitiâna akãn (“village”).


îy

Nheengatu: jí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨ (“axe”), from Proto-Tupian *wɨ (“axe”).

inh+

tool (any piece of equipment used in a profession or to make a task easier)


nhy'ã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔã (“heart”).
Cognate with Guaraní ñe'ã.

(loosely) bowels; entrails (the internal organs)


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)


sybá

Nheengatu: siwá

forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)


obá

head

obá (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tobá, R1 robá, R2 sobá)

Nheengatu: suá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *toβa (“face”), from Proto-Tupian *jəba (“face, forehead”).
Cognate with Guaraní tova.

inh+

face (front part of the head of a human or animal)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


ãîa

head

ãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tãîa, R1 rãîa, R2 sãîa)

Nheengatu: anha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tãj, from Proto-Tupian *jãj.
Cognate with Guaraní tãi.

tooth (hard structure present in the mouth of many animals)


esatinga

esatinga (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tesatinga, R1 resatinga, R2 sesatinga)


obaîuba

Nheengatu: uaíwa

[ɔ.β̞aˈʝu.β̞a]

From obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.


'aba

Nheengatu: awa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaβ. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + aba (“hair”).
Cognate with Awetí ʔap.


yku

head

yku (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyku, R1 ryku, R2 tyku)


'apiku'i

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔapikuʔi. By surface analysis, 'a (“head”) + pira (“skin”) + ku'i (“flour”).
Cognate with Guaraní apiku'i.


puraké

Nheengatu: puraké

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: poraquê, poroquê, puraquê

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *purake.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní porake.

inh+

Electrophorus electricus
Electrophorus electricus#Translingual

(North Tupi, hapax) electric eel (Electrophorus electricus)

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

chola guitarfish (Pseudobatos percellens)


puraké

head

puraké (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute muraké)

Nheengatu: puraké

elbow (joint between upper arm and forearm)


u'uba

u'uba (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute u'uba, R1 ru'uba, R2 su'uba)

Nheengatu: uíwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uʔyP, from Proto-Tupian *ə-ꝁɯP.
Cognate with Guaraní hu'y.

arrow (projectile that is shot from a bow)


emirekó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, emi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

P. Gonçalo nderemirecò potâpe Clara recè?
A. Xeremirecô potâ cecè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 133v:

— Gonçalo, do you want to have Clara as your wife?
— I want to have her as my wife.


akûãîa

head

akûãîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute takûãîa, R1 rakûãîa, R2 sakûãîa)

Nheengatu: akunha

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akʷãj. By surface analysis, akó (“groin, crotch”) + ãîa (“tooth”) or akó + ûaîa (“tail”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní akuãĩ.

surface analysis

Erepokókpe nde rakuãia resé eñemoaguyrōmo?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum Mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 90, line 13:

Have you touched your penis arousing yourself?


endy

head

endy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rendy, R2 sendy, noun form endy)

form endy (noun)
Causative
moendy
-ba'e
sendyba'e
-sab
-saba
endŷaba
endysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rendy (active)
sendy (active)
oré rendy (active)
îandé rendy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rendy (active)
ta nde rendy (active)
ta sendy (active)
t'oré rendy (active)
t'îandé rendy (active)
ta pe rendy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rendyî (active)
na nde rendyî (active)
na sendyî (active)
n'oré rendyî (active)
n'îandé rendyî (active)
na pe rendyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rendy umẽ (active)
pe rendy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rendy umẽ (active)
ta nde rendy umẽ (active)
ta sendy umẽ (active)
t'oré rendy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rendy umẽ (active)
ta pe rendy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rendyramo (gerund)
nde rendyramo (gerund)
o endyramo (gerund)
oré rendyramo (gerund)
îandé rendyramo (gerund)
pe rendyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rendye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rendye'ymamo (gerund)
o endye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rendye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rendye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rendye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
endy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
endye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rendyû (infinitive)
sendyû (infinitive)
oré rendyû (infinitive)
îandé rendyû (infinitive)
xe rendye'ymi (infinitive)
sendye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rendye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rendye'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *en-tɨ, from Proto-Tupian *enɨ. By surface analysis, ena (“mouth”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní endyry.


mãîa

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, rare in Late Tupi)

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Adapted borrowing of Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

af

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


embé

head

embé (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tembé, R1 rembé, R2 sembé)

Nheengatu: embé

Coordinate term: apûã (“upper lip”)

labium inferius oris
labium inferius oris

(strictly) labium inferius oris; lower lip


asukiri

Nheengatu: asukirí


arukanga

Nheengatu: arukanga

M. Mbäépe Tupã oimonháng iandé rubypy remirecó retéramo?
D. Iarucanga anhó.

1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, “Da creaçaõ do primeiro homem” (chapter 3), in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 48:

M. What did God transform in the body of the wife of our first father?
D. Only his rib.


tuîuka

Nheengatu: tuyuka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tujuk, from Proto-Tupian *tʔup.

inh+

Near-synonym: (of inorganic matter) îuka

(of organic matter) decay; deterioration


'ykaraíba

Calque of Portuguese água benta, from 'y + karaíb + -a.

Anhanga nhegoacẽbâba igcaraiba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 142:

The holy water is the reason of Devil's fleeing.


amanarypy'aka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


ro'yrypy'aka

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'aka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


amanarypy'oka

From amana (“rain”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


ro'yrypy'oka

[ɾɔ.ʔɨ.ɾɨ.pɨˈʔɔ.ka]

From ro'y (“coldness”) + rypy'oka (“curdled liquid or broth”).


itamembeka

Nheengatu: itá-membeka


itaekobé

From itá (“metal”) + ekobé (“living”), literally “living metal”.


itanema

From itá (“metal”) + nema (“stinking”), literally “stinking metal”.
Compare Guaraní itane.


itaîunema

From itaîuba (“gold”) + nema (“stinking”), literally “stinking gold”.


apûã

Coordinate term: embé (“lower lip”)

labium superius oris
labium superius oris


aîura

Nheengatu: ayura

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jur, from Proto-Tupian *wut.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ajúra.

Oyâbo acé Sanctos ará cuábi, oyábo bê acé ycãgoerĩ tiruã mombaêtêo oaiuri cerecõbocecê onhemoapicicatuabo yepi cecé oyerobiâ.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Da inſtituição do Domingo”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 12v:

The same way people acknowledge the saints' days, they too worship even their little bones as well, keeping them in their necks so as to always comfort themselves, trusting in them.

neck (part of the body connecting the head and the trunk)


pindobusu

(hapax) palm tree leaves used as roofing


Tuîba'e

(astronomy) Name of a constellation with many stars arranged like an old man holding a club. Further details are uncertain.


Ûanhumy

Name of a constellation. Further details are uncertain.


sembiararaîybo'ira

From sembiara (“[one's] prey”) + raîyra (“[someone's] daughter”) + po'yra (“necklace”), literally “necklace of one's prey's daughter”.

(astronomy) Name of a constellation which, according to the indigenous people, announced the rain. Further details are uncertain.


seîxuîurá

seî‧xu‧îu‧rá

From seîxu (“Pleiades”) + îurá (“grill”), literally “grill of the Pleiades”.

(astronomy) Name of a constellation with nine stars arranged like a grill, which, according to the indigenous people, announced the rain. Further details are uncertain.


kopa'yba

Nheengatu: kupaíwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: copaíba
→ English: copaiba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

copaiba (oleoresin extracted from such trees)


gûatapy

Nheengatu: watapí

desc

→ Portuguese: atapu, guatapi, uatapi, uatapu, vatapu

the shell of a very large sea snail, commonly referred to as a conch