y

head

y (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ty, R1 ry, R2 ty)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of ty.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


amỹîa

head

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) godfather (man present at the christening of a baby)


sy

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy


sy

form sy (noun)
Causative
mondy
-ba'e
i xyba'e
-sab
-saba
sŷaba
sysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe sy (active)
i xy (active)
oré sy (active)
îandé sy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe sy (active)
ta nde sy (active)
t'i xy (active)
t'oré sy (active)
t'îandé sy (active)
ta pe sy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe syî (active)
na nde syî (active)
n'i xyî (active)
n'oré syî (active)
n'îandé syî (active)
na pe syî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde sy umẽ (active)
pe sy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe sy umẽ (active)
ta nde sy umẽ (active)
t'i xy umẽ (active)
t'oré sy umẽ (active)
t'îandé sy umẽ (active)
ta pe sy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe syramo (gerund)
nde syramo (gerund)
o syramo (gerund)
oré syramo (gerund)
îandé syramo (gerund)
pe syramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe sye'ymamo (gerund)
nde sye'ymamo (gerund)
o sye'ymamo (gerund)
oré sye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé sye'ymamo (gerund)
pe sye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe syû (infinitive)
i xyû (infinitive)
oré syû (infinitive)
îandé syû (infinitive)
xe sye'ymi (infinitive)
i xye'ymi (infinitive)
oré sye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé sye'ymi (infinitive)


atu'uba

head

atu'uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tatu'uba, R1 ratu'uba, R2 tatu'uba)


aba

aba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taba, R1 raba, R2 saba)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *rap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sap, Guaraní ague.


tupi

Nheengatu: tupí

→ Portuguese: tupi

From Tupi, a mythological figure said to be the ancestor of all Tupian peoples.

Kûeîsé, r'akó, amõ kanhemi, / ogûeîypa Magûeápe. / Abaré ogû erasoá'pe, / n'asaûsubi, i nhegûasemi, / tupi supa xe rekoá'pe.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 33, lines 110–114; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Yesterday, for certain, some have gone missing, going down to Magûeá. Because the priests took them, I don't love them, they fled, visiting the Tupi in my home.

—[…]Paranãgûasu rasapa, / ybytyrybo gûibebébo, / asó tupi moangaîpapa, / a'e ré, muru mombapa, / xe ratápe seroîkébo.
— Mba'e apŷabap'aîpó?
— Tupinakyîa, keygûara, / tĩapyra moroupîara. / Muru, anhẽ, oîanga'o! / Nd'oîabyangáî îaguara...

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 142, lines 183–192; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Crossing the ocean, flying over the mountains, I went to make the Tupi sin, bringing them to my fire after that to kill the damned. / — Which men are these? / —The Tupiniquim, who live here, enemy informants. The damned, indeed, vituperate them! They truly are no different than the jaguars...

Tupi (any of several related indigenous nations of coastal Brazil that spoke Old Tupi)

(strictly) the Tupian people that lived in the São Vicente capitancy.


pó

Poquîgâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Çuja cousa ser como quer .s. da 1.ª maneira”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 87; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


karu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔru, from *kar- (“thing”) + *ʔu (“to eat”), literally “to eat things”.
Cognate with Awetí kat-ʔu, Guaraní karu.


karu

form karu (noun)
Causative
mongaru
-ba'e
i karuba'e
-sab
-saba
karûaba
karusaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe karu (active)
i karu (active)
oré karu (active)
îandé karu (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe karu (active)
ta nde karu (active)
t'i karu (active)
t'oré karu (active)
t'îandé karu (active)
ta pe karu (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe karuî (active)
na nde karuî (active)
n'i karuî (active)
n'oré karuî (active)
n'îandé karuî (active)
na pe karuî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde karu umẽ (active)
pe karu umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe karu umẽ (active)
ta nde karu umẽ (active)
t'i karu umẽ (active)
t'oré karu umẽ (active)
t'îandé karu umẽ (active)
ta pe karu umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe karuramo (gerund)
nde karuramo (gerund)
o karuramo (gerund)
oré karuramo (gerund)
îandé karuramo (gerund)
pe karuramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe karue'ymamo (gerund)
nde karue'ymamo (gerund)
o karue'ymamo (gerund)
oré karue'ymamo (gerund)
îandé karue'ymamo (gerund)
pe karue'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karu (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karue'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe karuû (infinitive)
i karuû (infinitive)
oré karuû (infinitive)
îandé karuû (infinitive)
xe karue'ymi (infinitive)
i karue'ymi (infinitive)
oré karue'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karue'ymi (infinitive)


mena

Nheengatu: mena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *men, from Proto-Tupian *men.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ména.

Coordinate term: emirekó (“wife”)


kaba

Nheengatu: kawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caba

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgap.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kavy and Paraguayan Guaraní káva.

wasp (any insect of the family Vespidae)


sapatu

Nheengatu: sapatú

amondéb[…]çapatú.

a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Calçar o çapato”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 125, line 61; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI:

Çapatù nhó mirí çabé,
Äé noiocýb cerecoára,
Chapeo iapara oguereco,
Ipòpe bastao mirí oico

a. 1759, anonymous author, “Primeiro relato”, in Lida dos missionários com os sertanejos, page 107, lines 21–24; republished as Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, “A escravização dos índios num texto missionário em língua geral do século XVIII”, in Revista USP, number 78, São Paulo, 2008 August 9, →DOI:

Only small, mouldy shoes the owners don't clean. They have bent hats and have small clubs in their hands.


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.

Amó kunhã suí i mo-ingó-é-bo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, Poesias tupis, São Paulo, published 1941:

He made a woman different from any other.

woman, especially an indigenous woman from the Americas


ka'a

Nheengatu: kaá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔa (“forest, leaf”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ka'a and Guaraní ka'a.


ybyrá

Nheengatu: mirá

→ Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr. The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

cog

Îandé 'anga raûsupape
ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
îandé repyme'engape,
anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
îandé raûsupa,
îandé rarõmo
îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:

Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.


marakaîá

Nheengatu: marakayá

→ Portuguese: maracajá, ⇒ gato-maracajá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakaja.
Cognate with Guaraní mbarakaja.

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus wiedii#Translingual

small spotted cat of the genus Leopardus. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

Leopardus tigrinus
Leopardus tigrinus#Translingual


kamby

Nheengatu: kambí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kamɨ. By surface analysis, kama (“breast”) + y (“liquid”).
Cognate with Guaraní kamby.

surf

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands)


morubixaba

Nheengatu: muruixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: morubixaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, moro- (“people”) + ubixaba (“leader”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mboruvixa and Paraguayan Guaraní mburuvicha.

surf

Bourouuichaue de akan omano?

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter LII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 327v:

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)

(Late Tupi) judge (public judicial official)

(Late Tupi) superior (person of higher rank)


membyra

Nheengatu: mimbira

/mɛ̃ˈᵐbɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mẽmbyT, from Proto-Tupian *mẽpyT. By surface analysis, mena (“husband”) + a'yra (“semen”).
Cognate with Guaraní memby.


aoba

Unknown.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní ao.

sail (piece of fabric attached to a sailboat)


aîa

head

aîa (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taîa, R1 raîa, R2 saîa)


Tupã

Nheengatu: Tupana, Tupã, Tupá

→ Portuguese: Tupã

Tupã (a Tupian deity, the personification of thunder)


peró

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros)
Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros)bor.
Latin Petrus
Old Galician-Portuguese Pedro
Portuguese Pedrobor.
Old Tupi Peró
Old Tupi peró
 Nominalization of Peró (“Peter”). The name was so common in Portugal in the 16th century that it became a noun among the Tupi.

etymon

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XVIII, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “perot [peró]”

Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XIII, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 197: “Peros [Peró]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VIII, chapter IV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 268: “Pero [Peró]”

(Late Tupi) Portuguese (person native to Portugal)


pindá

→ Portuguese: pindá


kunumĩ

desctree

Old Tupi: kurumĩ (LGA)
Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, curumi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.
Cognate with Kamayurá kunu'um, Guarayu, Mbyá Guaraní, and Paraguayan Guaraní kunumi and Urubú-Kaapor kurumĩ.


nhe'enga

Nheengatu: nheenga

[ɲɛˈʔɛ̃.ᵑɡa]

Oré nhe'enga oîkoeeté.


sykyîé

Through metathesis of kysyîé, itself cognate with
Emerillon kiʤe,
Guajajára kyze,
Guaraní kyhyje,
Parakanã kyyxe,
Tenharim kyhyji,
Wayampi kyje, and
Xingú Asuriní kyyje.

fear (emotion caused by actual or perceived danger or threat)


sykyîé

head

sykyîé (first-person singular active indicative asykyîé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asykyîéî, noun sykyîé)

asykyîé (active first-person indicative singular)
n'asykyîéî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
sykyîé (noun)
Causative
mondykyîé
Causative-comitative
erosykyîé
-ba'e
osykyîeba'e
-sab
-saba
sykyîeaba
sykyîesaba
-sar
-sara
sykyîeara
sykyîesara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
asykyîé (active)
eresykyîé (active)
osykyîé (active)
orosykyîé (active)
îasykyîé (active)
pesykyîé (active)
Permissive (active)
t'asykyîé (active)
t'eresykyîé (active)
t'osykyîé (active)
t'orosykyîé (active)
t'îasykyîé (active)
ta pesykyîé (active)
Imperative (active)
esykyîé (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'asykyîéî (active)
n'eresykyîéî (active)
n'osykyîéî (active)
n'orosykyîéî (active)
n'îasykyîéî (active)
na pesykyîéî (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'asykyîé umẽ (active)
t'eresykyîé umẽ (active)
t'osykyîé umẽ (active)
t'orosykyîé umẽ (active)
t'îasykyîé umẽ (active)
ta pesykyîé umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
esykyîé umẽ (active)
pesykyîé umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûixykyîébo (gerund)
esykyîébo (gerund)
osykyîébo (gerund)
orosykyîébo (gerund)
îasykyîébo (gerund)
pesykyîébo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûixykyîee'yma (gerund)
esykyîee'yma (gerund)
osykyîee'yma (gerund)
orosykyîee'yma (gerund)
îasykyîee'yma (gerund)
pesykyîee'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sykyîé (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sykyîee'yma (infinitive)
xe sykyîéû (infinitive)
i xykyîéû (infinitive)
oré sykyîéû (infinitive)
îandé sykyîéû (infinitive)
xe sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
i xykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
oré sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)
îandé sykyîee'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: sikié

[…]Iudeos çuî ociquîyebo[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 55:

to fear; to be afraid [with suí or gerund ‘of something’]


tupinambá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupinambá
→ English: Tupinambá
→ Finnish: tupinambá, tupinamba
→ Spanish: tupinambá

→ French: tupinamba, topinambou, topinambour
→ German: Topinambur
→ Italian: topinambur
→ Portuguese: tupinambor, tupinambo

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests tupi + anama + mbá.

Tupinambá (member of the Tupinambá people)


sumarã

Oroîerobîá nde ri, São Lourenço-angaturama. Esarõ oré retama oré sumarã suí.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 118; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

We trust you, blessed Saint Lawrence. Protect our land from our archenemies.


gûarinĩ

head

gûarinĩ (first-person singular active indicative agûarinĩ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûarinĩî, noun gûarinĩ)

agûarinĩ (active first-person indicative singular)
n'agûarinĩî (active first-person indicative negative singular)
gûarinĩ (noun)
Causative
mogûarinĩ
Causative-comitative
erogûarinĩ
-ba'e
ogûarinĩba'e
-sab
-saba
gûarinĩsaba
-sar
-sara
gûarinĩana
gûarinĩsara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
agûarinĩ (active)
eregûarinĩ (active)
ogûarinĩ (active)
orogûarinĩ (active)
îagûarinĩ (active)
pegûarinĩ (active)
Permissive (active)
t'agûarinĩ (active)
t'eregûarinĩ (active)
t'ogûarinĩ (active)
t'orogûarinĩ (active)
t'îagûarinĩ (active)
ta pegûarinĩ (active)
Imperative (active)
egûarinĩ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'agûarinĩ (active)
n'eregûarinĩ (active)
n'ogûarinĩ (active)
n'orogûarinĩ (active)
n'îagûarinĩ (active)
na pegûarinĩ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'agûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'eregûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'ogûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'orogûarinĩ umẽ (active)
t'îagûarinĩ umẽ (active)
ta pegûarinĩ umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
egûarinĩ umẽ (active)
pegûarinĩ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
gûigûarinĩamo (gerund)
egûarinĩamo (gerund)
ogûarinĩamo (gerund)
orogûarinĩamo (gerund)
îagûarinĩamo (gerund)
pegûarinĩamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
gûigûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
egûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
ogûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
orogûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
îagûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
pegûarinĩe'yma (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
gûarinĩ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
gûarinĩe'yma (infinitive)
xe gûarinĩû (infinitive)
i gûarinĩû (infinitive)
oré gûarinĩû (infinitive)
îandé gûarinĩû (infinitive)
xe gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
i gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
oré gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé gûarinĩe'ymi (infinitive)


kapi'i

Nheengatu: kapiĩ

→ Portuguese: capim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔi. By surface analysis, ka'a (“leaf”) + po'i (“slender”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'i.

surf

thatch (straw for covering roofs or stacks)


tapi'oka

Nheengatu: tipiáka

desctree

→ Portuguese: tapioca
→ Armenian: տապիոկա (tapioka)
→ Esperanto: tapioko
→ English: tapioca
→ Maori: tapioka
→ Marshallese: tapioka
→ Tagalog: tapyoka
→ Finnish: tapioka
→ French: tapioca
→ Ottoman Turkish: تاپیوقا
Turkish: tapyoka
→ Romanian: tapiocă
→ German: Tapioka
→ Indonesian: tapioka
→ Japanese: タピオカ
→ Spanish: tapioca


o'o

head

o'o (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute to'o, R1 ro'o, R2 so'o)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oʔo (“meat”), from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní so'o.

inh+

meat; flesh (muscle tissue of an animal)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eíra
From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ei and Paraguayan Guaraní eíra.

etymon

honey (sweet substance produced by bees)


py'a

head

py'a (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute my'a)

Nheengatu: piá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨʔa (“liver”), from Proto-Tupian *pɨʔa (“liver”).
Cognate with Guaraní py'a.

inh+

(figuratively) mind; brains (source of one's thoughts and awareness)


ye'ẽ

— Marãnamope peîapó aîpó ye'ẽ? — Oroîapó, îagûara xe boîá ra'yra gûarûera mbo'asagûama resé.

— Why are you making that pitfall? — We are making it to catch the jaguar that ate my servant's son.

(hapax) pitfall (trap consisting of a concealed pit in the ground)


so'o

Nheengatu: suú

[…]çoô, pirà, guîrà retãmeengàba ê ycô ára[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter 4, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 166v:

This world is the true promised land of the beasts of venery, fishes and birds.

game; beast of venery (wild animal hunted for food)

Ageroure soo ressé.

1613–1614, Yves d'Évreux, chapter XXIII, in Suitte de l'histoire des choses plus memorables advenues en Maragnan es années 1613 et 1614 (overall work in French), Paris: François Huby, published 1615, page 97:


tukanusu

desc

→ Portuguese: tucanuçu, tucanaçu, tucano-açu, → tucano-grande (calque)

From tukana (“toucan”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

João Capistrano de Abreu
w:João Capistrano de Abreu

(North Tupi, now historical) a non-Tupian tribe that lived in Northeast Brazil


mundé

→ Portuguese: mundéu, mundé, mondé


kaûĩ

Nheengatu: kawĩ

→ Portuguese: cauim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kawĩ (“fermented drink, corn drink”).
Compare Mbyá Guaraní kaguijy and Paraguayan Guaraní kaguy.

inh+

cauim (traditional alcoholic beverage made by the fermentation of cashews, manioc or maize)


abaré

→ Portuguese: abaré, Abaré, Avaré


paîé

head

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé, pagé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


tebira

Ereikópe tebíra amó resé?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 91, line 29:

pathic; bottom (man who prefers the receptive role in anal sex)


kysé

Nheengatu: kisé

→ Portuguese: quicé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨt͡ʃe (“knife”), from Proto-Tupian *kɨt͡ʃe (“bamboo”).
Cognate with Guaraní kyse.

inh+

Ereroupè itaxé amo[…]?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 346:


moka'ẽ

Nheengatu: mukaẽ

desctree

→ French: boucan
→ English: boucan, buccan

→ Portuguese: moquém


yby

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *(ʔ)ɨβɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯt͡spɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní yvy.

inh+

earth; soil (unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth)


ybyku'i

Nheengatu: iwikuí, iuikuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Ibicuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨkuʔi (“sand”). By surface analysis, yby (“earth”) + ku'i (“flour”).
Cognate with Guaraní yvykuʼi.


Îesu

Etymology tree
Hebrew ישועbor.
Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs)bor.
Latin Iēsūs
Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu
Portuguese Jesusbor.
Old Tupi Îesu
Borrowed from Portuguese Jesus, from Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu, from Latin Iēsūs, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), borrowed from Hebrew ישוע.
Compare Guaraní Hesu.


pûer

form pûera (noun)
Causative
momûer
-ba'e
i pûeryba'e
-sab
-saba
pûesaba
pûeraba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe pûer (active)
i pûer (active)
oré pûer (active)
îandé pûer (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe pûer (active)
ta nde pûer (active)
t'i pûer (active)
t'oré pûer (active)
t'îandé pûer (active)
ta pe pûer (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe pûeri (active)
na nde pûeri (active)
n'i pûeri (active)
n'oré pûeri (active)
n'îandé pûeri (active)
na pe pûeri (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde pûer umẽ (active)
pe pûer umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe pûer umẽ (active)
ta nde pûer umẽ (active)
t'i pûer umẽ (active)
t'oré pûer umẽ (active)
t'îandé pûer umẽ (active)
ta pe pûer umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe pûeramo (gerund)
nde pûeramo (gerund)
o pûeramo (gerund)
oré pûeramo (gerund)
îandé pûeramo (gerund)
pe pûeramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe pûere'ymamo (gerund)
nde pûere'ymamo (gerund)
o pûere'ymamo (gerund)
oré pûere'ymamo (gerund)
îandé pûere'ymamo (gerund)
pe pûere'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
pûera (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
pûere'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe pûeri (infinitive)
i pûeri (infinitive)
oré pûeri (infinitive)
îandé pûeri (infinitive)
xe pûere'ymi (infinitive)
i pûere'ymi (infinitive)
oré pûere'ymi (infinitive)
îandé pûere'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: kwera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pʷer (“ancient”), from Proto-Tupian *pʷet (“ancient”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -re and Paraguayan Guaraní -kue.

inh+

ybyrapûera

Aroŷrõ xe rekopûera.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 104:

old; ancient (having existed for a long period of time)


kamixá

Nheengatu: kamixá

[…]iiakým xe camixá[…]

a. 1756, Anton Meisterburg, “Humida cousa”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 183, line 17; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI:


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)


sye'yma

/ˌsɨ.ɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From sy (“mother”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.

maternal orphan (child who has lost their mother)


kunhãmuku

Nheengatu: kunhãmukú

young lady (woman between 15 and 25 years old)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


nhe'enge'yma

Nheengatu: nheengaíma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From nhe'enga (“word”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.


kûatiara

→ Portuguese: Catiara

Nheengatu: kwatiára


pokaba

head

pokaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mokaba)

Nheengatu: mukawa

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta in the 16th century, from poka (“explosion”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “explosion instrument”.


aûsuba

head

aûsuba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taûsuba, R1 raûsuba, R2 saûsuba)

love (deep caring for the existence of another)


ku'i

Nheengatu: kuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuʔi.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ku'i.

flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)


tipoîa

Nheengatu: tipuya

→ Portuguese: tipoia, tipói

Hans Staden (1557) chapter II, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Typpoy [Tipoî[a]]”

(hapax) a kind of cotton camisole worn by women


'yba

Nheengatu: iwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

inh+

'ypûã

sword handle (literally, “finger handle”)

handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


'yba

(Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)


pinda'yba

desc

→ Portuguese: pindaíba, pindaíva, pindaúva

From pindá (“fishhook”) + 'yba (“tree, shaft”)


tabaîara

→ Portuguese: tabajara

From taba (“village”) + îara (“lord”). Piecewise doublet of tabyîara.

Tabajara, indigenous people that live in Northeastern Brazil


u'uba

head

u'uba (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute u'uba, R1 ru'uba, R2 su'uba)

Nheengatu: uíwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uʔyP, from Proto-Tupian *ə-ꝁɯP.
Cognate with Guaraní hu'y.

arrow (projectile that is shot from a bow)


emirekoeté

emirekoeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekoeté, R1 remirekoeté, R2 semirekoeté)

From emirekó (“wife”) + eté (“true, legitimate, authentic, genuine”), literally “legitimate wife, true wife”.

affix

Clara, y xè Gonçalo orogoàr xeremirecò etéramo Sancta Madre Igreja de Roma tecômonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 134:

Clara, I Gonçalo take you as my legitimate wife, according to the regulations of the Holy Mother Church of Rome.

(Late Tupi) legitimate wife, with whom someone got married in the church


emirekó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, emi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

P. Gonçalo nderemirecò potâpe Clara recè?
A. Xeremirecô potâ cecè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 133v:

— Gonçalo, do you want to have Clara as your wife?
— I want to have her as my wife.


potigûara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: potiguar, potiguara

Named after chieftain Potigûara, from potĩ (“shrimp”) + gûara (“eater”).

Potiguara, a Tupian people from Northeast Brazil


miaûsuba

head

miaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba, R3 o emiaûsuba)

From emi- (passive deverbal preffix) + aûsub (“to love”) + -a.

af

Marã oicobotepe, / Ace Anhãga rẽbiauçubamo cecou?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 26v:

But acting in what way, being the people Devil's loved one?


reîa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi reîa
Adapted borrowing of Portuguese rei (“king”) + -a.

af

Orirẏ nde iucare / tupã çumarã reya / eiori ore requÿa / toroico nde ipipenhe / ore çumarã mõdia

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 124, lines 1476–1480; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

They tremble after killing you, the kings enemy to God. Come to rapture us, so we can be at your side, and frighten our enemies.

monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy; king or queen)

royalty (rank, status, power or authority of a monarch)


ubixaba

head

ubixaba (IIa class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 subixaba)

ubixaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 tubixaba)

Nheengatu: uixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuxaua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní uvixa.

inh+

chief; leader (head of a group of people, organisation, etc.)


mãîa

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, rare in Late Tupi)

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Adapted borrowing of Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

af

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


nhe'engerekoara

[ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛ.ɾɛˌkɔˈa.ɾa]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ
Old Tupi nhe'eng
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'enga
Old Tupi erekó
Proto-Tupian *-at
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ar
Old Tupi -sar
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'engerekoara
From nhe'enga (“language”) + erekó (“to have”) + -ar (deverbalizer suffix) + -a, literally “language haver”.

af

Abarê nheengerecoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Lingoa, o q. disso serue a outro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 22; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) interpreter (person who converts spoken language in real time)


tupinikĩ

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupiniquim
→ English: Tupiniquim

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests Tupi + ekyî + -a.

Tacejane moxirõ / taçone paratijpe / Tupinaquija reigpe / amo amo taijbõ
Xete cori reritipe

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Na Aldeia de Guaraparim]” (chapter LXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Guarapari, page 156v, column 1, lines 727–731; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 297:

— I shall leave the evil one at least. I will go to the Parati river, to the Tupiniquim band, to hit some of them with arrows.
— Unlike you, today I go to Rerytiba.

Xeparatij çui
aiu tupãci repiaca
guinhemoyegoayegoaka
xeroribaõamari.
Cori catu xe ibija
Jporangatu rece
çoriba xe yabe
xeruba tupuna quija.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXXI, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 31, column 1, lines 1–8; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 70:

From the Parati river I come to see God's mother, adorning myself for my coming happiness. Very happy is my core with Her great beauty. He's happy, like me, my Tupiniquim father.


pyapasaba

head

pyapasaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute myapasaba)

From py (“foot”) + apar (“to bend”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “foot-bending tool”.


kasîana

Borrowed from Portuguese castelhano. It could also be a direct borrowing from Spanish, as Spaniards were present to some extent in 16th century Brazil and Anchieta himself was a native speaker of it.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 74; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:


tuîuka

Nheengatu: tuyuka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tujuk, from Proto-Tupian *tʔup.

inh+

Near-synonym: (of inorganic matter) îuka

(of organic matter) decay; deterioration


minga'u

head

minga'u (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute minga'u, R1 reminga'u, R2 seminga'u, R3 o eminga'u)

Nheengatu: mingaú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mingau

From emi- (passive deverbal suffix) + ka'u (“to make into pap”).

af

porridge; pap (food in the form of a soft paste)


itaîngapema

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tangapema

maẽ co xe itãgapema
xepope ndoicoi tenhe
pemobocaõma e.

c. 1589, Joseph of Anchieta, “Recebimẽto, q̃ fezeraõ oſ Jndioſ de guaraparĩ ao Pᵉ Prouĩcial Marçal Belliarte” (chapter XXI), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 23v, column 2, lines 189–191; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 56:

Look, this warclub of mine is not aimlessly in my hands, it is in fact the weapon that will shatter you all.

S. Pedro y tãgapema ocequij / morubixàba rembiauçuba / Malco ceribaè rapixapa, / ynambi mondôra

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 54v:

Saint Peter drew the sword and struck a servant of the high priest named Malchus, cutting off his ear.

Enhonong de itaingapema ndecuaì[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:


itaîngapema

a tree whose wood was used to make warclubs. Further details are uncertain.


îandûaba

→ German: Enduape

→ Portuguese: enduape

From îandu (“greater rhea”) + aba (“plumage”), literally “plumage of greater rhea”.

headdress used by the Tupi Indians on their buttocks, which was hung from the waist


akanetá

→ Portuguese: canitar


e'ẽ

head

e'ẽ (IIa class pluriform, R1 re'ẽ, R2 se'ẽ, noun form e'ẽ)

form e'ẽ (noun)
Causative
moe'ẽ
-ba'e
se'ẽba'e
-sab
-saba
e'ẽsaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe re'ẽ (active)
se'ẽ (active)
oré re'ẽ (active)
îandé re'ẽ (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe re'ẽ (active)
ta nde re'ẽ (active)
ta se'ẽ (active)
t'oré re'ẽ (active)
t'îandé re'ẽ (active)
ta pe re'ẽ (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe re'ẽî (active)
na nde re'ẽî (active)
na se'ẽî (active)
n'oré re'ẽî (active)
n'îandé re'ẽî (active)
na pe re'ẽî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde re'ẽ umẽ (active)
pe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta nde re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta se'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'oré re'ẽ umẽ (active)
t'îandé re'ẽ umẽ (active)
ta pe re'ẽ umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe re'ẽnamo (gerund)
nde re'ẽnamo (gerund)
o e'ẽnamo (gerund)
oré re'ẽnamo (gerund)
îandé re'ẽnamo (gerund)
pe re'ẽnamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
nde re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
o e'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
oré re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
pe re'ẽe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
e'ẽ (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
e'ẽe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe re'ẽû (infinitive)
se'ẽû (infinitive)
oré re'ẽû (infinitive)
îandé re'ẽû (infinitive)
xe re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
se'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
oré re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé re'ẽe'ymi (infinitive)

Nheengatu: seẽ

Ig-eẽ.

1622, anonymous author, “Agoa salgada”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 24; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


porabyky

porabyky (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute morabyky)

Nheengatu: murakí


kariîó

→ Brazilian Portuguese: carijó

* IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: [ka.ɾiˈjɔ], [ka.ɾiˈʒɔ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ri‧îó

(now historical, South Tupi) an indigenous people that lived in South Brazil


miapé

miapé (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miapé, R1 remiapé, R2 semiapé, R3 o emiapé)

Nheengatu: miapé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mɨjape.
Cognate with Guaraní mbujape.

etymon

MIapé íbac igoâra
Abiá bebé remiû.
Xeanga recó pucú.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, “Outra do Santissimo Sacramento”, in Antônio de Araújo, compiler, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, unnumbered page:

Heavenly bread, angel's food. My soul's eternal life.

Marãpe miapé iande iâra JESUS Christo retéramo, caöĩ abé çuguŷramo iiecuaboki?

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Da comunhão”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 86; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

How does bread turn into Jesus Christ's body and wine into blood?


kopa'yba

Nheengatu: kupaíwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: copaíba
→ English: copaiba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

copaiba (oleoresin extracted from such trees)


gûatapy

Nheengatu: watapí

desc

→ Portuguese: atapu, guatapi, uatapi, uatapu, vatapu

jewelry made from the shells of this sea snail


maxaru

Borrowed from Portuguese machado (literally “axe”).


îandara

Nheengatu: yandara

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-der.
Latin ieientō
Latin ientō
Vulgar Latin *iantāre
Old Galician-Portuguese jantar
Brazilian Portuguese jantar
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi îandara
Adapted borrowing of Brazilian Portuguese jantar + -a. The term was borrowed in the 18th century, before jantar got the modern sense of “evening meal”.