amỹîa

head

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) godfather (man present at the christening of a baby)


sy

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy


sy

form sy (noun)
Causative
mondy
-ba'e
i xyba'e
-sab
-saba
sŷaba／sysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe sy (active)
i xy (active)
oré sy (active)
îandé sy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe sy (active)
ta nde sy (active)
t'i xy (active)
t'oré sy (active)
t'îandé sy (active)
ta pe sy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe syî (active)
na nde syî (active)
n'i xyî (active)
n'oré syî (active)
n'îandé syî (active)
na pe syî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde sy umẽ (active)
pe sy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe sy umẽ (active)
ta nde sy umẽ (active)
t'i xy umẽ (active)
t'oré sy umẽ (active)
t'îandé sy umẽ (active)
ta pe sy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe syramo (gerund)
nde syramo (gerund)
o syramo (gerund)
oré syramo (gerund)
îandé syramo (gerund)
pe syramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe sye'ymamo (gerund)
nde sye'ymamo (gerund)
o sye'ymamo (gerund)
oré sye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé sye'ymamo (gerund)
pe sye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
sy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
sye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe syû (infinitive)
i xyû (infinitive)
oré syû (infinitive)
îandé syû (infinitive)
xe sye'ymi (infinitive)
i xye'ymi (infinitive)
oré sye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé sye'ymi (infinitive)


atu'uba

head

atu'uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tatu'uba, R1 ratu'uba, R2 tatu'uba)


tupi

Nheengatu: tupí

→ Portuguese: tupi

From Tupi, a mythological figure said to be the ancestor of all Tupian peoples.

Kûeîsé, r'akó, amõ kanhemi, / ogûeîypa Magûeápe. / Abaré ogû erasoá'pe, / n'asaûsubi, i nhegûasemi, / tupi supa xe rekoá'pe.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 33, lines 110–114; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Yesterday, for certain, some have gone missing, going down to Magûeá. Because the priests took them, I don't love them, they fled, visiting the Tupi in my home.

—[…]Paranãgûasu rasapa, / ybytyrybo gûibebébo, / asó tupi moangaîpapa, / a'e ré, muru mombapa, / xe ratápe seroîkébo.
— Mba'e apŷabap'aîpó?
— Tupinakyîa, keygûara, / tĩapyra moroupîara. / Muru, anhẽ, oîanga'o! / Nd'oîabyangáî îaguara...

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 142, lines 183–192; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Crossing the ocean, flying over the mountains, I went to make the Tupi sin, bringing them to my fire after that to kill the damned. / — Which men are these? / —The Tupiniquim, who live here, enemy informants. The damned, indeed, vituperate them! They truly are no different than the jaguars...

Tupi (any of several related indigenous nations of coastal Brazil that spoke Old Tupi)

(strictly) the Tupian people that lived in the São Vicente capitancy.


mena

Nheengatu: mena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *men, from Proto-Tupian *men.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ména.

Coordinate term: emirekó (“wife”)


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.

Amó kunhã suí i mo-ingó-é-bo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, Poesias tupis, São Paulo, published 1941:

He made a woman different from any other.

woman, especially an indigenous woman from the Americas


marakaîá

Nheengatu: marakayá

→ Portuguese: maracajá, ⇒ gato-maracajá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakaja.
Cognate with Guaraní mbarakaja.

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus wiedii#Translingual

small spotted cat of the genus Leopardus. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

Leopardus tigrinus
Leopardus tigrinus#Translingual


morubixaba

Nheengatu: muruixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: morubixaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, moro- (“people”) + ubixaba (“leader”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mboruvixa and Paraguayan Guaraní mburuvicha.

surf

Bourouuichaue de akan omano?

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter LII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 327v:

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)

(Late Tupi) judge (public judicial official)

(Late Tupi) superior (person of higher rank)


membyra

Nheengatu: mimbira

/mɛ̃ˈᵐbɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mẽmbyT, from Proto-Tupian *mẽpyT. By surface analysis, mena (“husband”) + a'yra (“semen”).
Cognate with Guaraní memby.


peró

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros)
Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros)bor.
Latin Petrus
Old Galician-Portuguese Pedro
Portuguese Pedrobor.
Old Tupi Peró
Old Tupi peró
 Nominalization of Peró (“Peter”). The name was so common in Portugal in the 16th century that it became a noun among the Tupi.

etymon

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XVIII, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “perot [peró]”

Jean de Léry (1578) chapter XIII, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 197: “Peros [Peró]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VIII, chapter IV (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 268: “Pero [Peró]”

(Late Tupi) Portuguese (person native to Portugal)


kunumĩ

desctree

Old Tupi: kurumĩ (LGA)
Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim, curumi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.
Cognate with Kamayurá kunu'um, Guarayu, Mbyá Guaraní, and Paraguayan Guaraní kunumi and Urubú-Kaapor kurumĩ.


tupinambá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupinambá
→ English: Tupinambá
→ Finnish: tupinambá, tupinamba
→ Spanish: tupinambá

→ French: tupinamba, topinambou, topinambour
→ German: Topinambur
→ Italian: topinambur
→ Portuguese: tupinambor, tupinambo

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests tupi + anama + mbá.

Tupinambá (member of the Tupinambá people)


sumarã

Oroîerobîá nde ri, São Lourenço-angaturama. Esarõ oré retama oré sumarã suí.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 118; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

We trust you, blessed Saint Lawrence. Protect our land from our archenemies.


tukanusu

desc

→ Portuguese: tucanuçu, tucanaçu, tucano-açu, → tucano-grande (calque)

From tukana (“toucan”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

João Capistrano de Abreu
w:João Capistrano de Abreu

(North Tupi, now historical) a non-Tupian tribe that lived in Northeast Brazil


abaré

→ Portuguese: abaré, Abaré, Avaré


paîé

head

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé, pagé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


tebira

Ereikópe tebíra amó resé?

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Sextum mandatum”, in [Doutrina Cristã]; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Doutrina autógrafa e confessionário, volume 2, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 91, line 29:

pathic; bottom (man who prefers the receptive role in anal sex)


Îesu

Etymology tree
Hebrew ישועbor.
Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs)bor.
Latin Iēsūs
Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu
Portuguese Jesusbor.
Old Tupi ÎesuBorrowed from Portuguese Jesus, from Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu, from Latin Iēsūs, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), borrowed from Hebrew ישוע.
Compare Guaraní Hesu.


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)


sye'yma

/ˌsɨ.ɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From sy (“mother”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.

maternal orphan (child who has lost their mother)


kunhãmuku

Nheengatu: kunhãmukú

young lady (woman between 15 and 25 years old)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


nhe'enge'yma

Nheengatu: nheengaíma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From nhe'enga (“word”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.


'yba

Nheengatu: iwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

inh+

'ypûã

sword handle (literally, “finger handle”)

handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


'yba

(Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)


tabaîara

→ Portuguese: tabajara

From taba (“village”) + îara (“lord”). Piecewise doublet of tabyîara.

Tabajara, indigenous people that live in Northeastern Brazil


emirekoeté

head

emirekoeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekoeté, R1 remirekoeté, R2 semirekoeté)

From emirekó (“wife”) + eté (“true, legitimate, authentic, genuine”), literally “legitimate wife, true wife”.

affix

Clara, y xè Gonçalo orogoàr xeremirecò etéramo Sancta Madre Igreja de Roma tecômonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 134:

Clara, I Gonçalo take you as my legitimate wife, according to the regulations of the Holy Mother Church of Rome.

(Late Tupi) legitimate wife, with whom someone got married in the church


emirekó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, emi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

P. Gonçalo nderemirecò potâpe Clara recè?
A. Xeremirecô potâ cecè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 133v:

— Gonçalo, do you want to have Clara as your wife?
— I want to have her as my wife.


potigûara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: potiguar, potiguara

Named after chieftain Potigûara, from potĩ (“shrimp”) + gûara (“eater”).

Potiguara, a Tupian people from Northeast Brazil


miaûsuba

head

miaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba, R3 o emiaûsuba)

From emi- (passive deverbal preffix) + aûsub (“to love”) + -a.

af

Marã oicobotepe, / Ace Anhãga rẽbiauçubamo cecou?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 26v:

But acting in what way, being the people Devil's loved one?


reîa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi reîa
Borrowed from Portuguese rei (“king”).

etymon

Orirẏ nde iucare / tupã çumarã reya / eiori ore requÿa / toroico nde ipipenhe / ore çumarã mõdia

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 124, lines 1476–1480; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

They tremble after killing you, the kings enemy to God. Come to rapture us, so we can be at your side, and frighten our enemies.

monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy; king or queen)

royalty (rank, status, power or authority of a monarch)


ubixaba

head

ubixaba (IIa class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 subixaba)

ubixaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 tubixaba)

Nheengatu: uixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuxaua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní uvixa.

inh+

chief; leader (head of a group of people, organisation, etc.)


mãîa

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Borrowed from Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

suffix

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


nhe'engerekoara

[ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛ.ɾɛˌkɔˈa.ɾa]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ
Old Tupi nhe'eng
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'enga
Old Tupi erekó
Proto-Tupian *-at
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ar
Old Tupi -sar
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi nhe'engerekoara
From nhe'enga (“language”) + erekó (“to have”) + -ar (deverbalizer suffix) + -a, literally “language haver”.

af

Abarê nheengerecoara.

1622, anonymous author, “Lingoa, o q. disso serue a outro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 22; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) interpreter (person who converts spoken language in real time)


tupinikĩ

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tupiniquim
→ English: Tupiniquim

Unknown, but Eduardo de Almeida Navarro suggests Tupi + ekyî + -a.

Tacejane moxirõ / taçone paratijpe / Tupinaquija reigpe / amo amo taijbõ
Xete cori reritipe

c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, “[Na Aldeia de Guaraparim]” (chapter LXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Guarapari, page 156v, column 1, lines 727–731; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 297:

— I shall leave the evil one at least. I will go to the Parati river, to the Tupiniquim band, to hit some of them with arrows.
— Unlike you, today I go to Rerytiba.

Xeparatij çui
aiu tupãci repiaca
guinhemoyegoayegoaka
xeroribaõamari.
Cori catu xe ibija
Jporangatu rece
çoriba xe yabe
xeruba tupuna quija.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter XXXI, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 31, column 1, lines 1–8; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 70:

From the Parati river I come to see God's mother, adorning myself for my coming happiness. Very happy is my core with Her great beauty. He's happy, like me, my Tupiniquim father.


kasîana

Borrowed from Portuguese castelhano. It could also be a direct borrowing from Spanish, as Spaniards were present to some extent in 16th century Brazil and Anchieta himself was a native speaker of it.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 74; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:


kariîó

→ Brazilian Portuguese: carijó

* IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: [ka.ɾiˈjɔ], [ka.ɾiˈʒɔ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ri‧îó

(now historical, South Tupi) an indigenous people that lived in South Brazil