amỹîa

head

amỹîa (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tamỹîa, R1 ramỹîa, R2 tamỹîa)

O pap cheramouyn maè pouaire aitih.

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 132:

I've thrown away all my ancestors old belongings.


uba

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) godfather (man present at the christening of a baby)


sy

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ, from Proto-Tupian *tɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní xy and Guaraní sy


Tupi

→ Portuguese: Tupi

a mythological figure said to be the ancestor of all Tupian peoples


oka

head

oka (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute oka, R1 roka, R2 soka)

Nheengatu: uka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: oca

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok, *rok, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sok, Guaraní óga.


mena

Nheengatu: mena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *men, from Proto-Tupian *men.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ména.

Coordinate term: emirekó (“wife”)


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.


ybyrá

Nheengatu: mirá

→ Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr. The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

cog

Îandé 'anga raûsupape
ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
îandé repyme'engape,
anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
îandé raûsupa,
îandé rarõmo
îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:

Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.


morubixaba

Nheengatu: muruixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: morubixaba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, moro- (“people”) + ubixaba (“leader”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mboruvixa and Paraguayan Guaraní mburuvicha.

surf

Bourouuichaue de akan omano?

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, chapter LII, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 327v:

(Late Tupi) monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy)

(Late Tupi) judge (public judicial official)

(Late Tupi) superior (person of higher rank)


ybaka

Nheengatu: iwaka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβa-k (“sky”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷa- (“high”). Doublet of ybaté. The sense of heaven is a semantic loan from Portuguese céu.
Cognate with Guaraní yvága.


ybaté

Nheengatu: iwaté (“height”)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβa-te (“high”), from Proto-Tupian *ɨpʷa- (“high”). Doublet of ybaka.
Cognate with Guaraní yvate.


membyra

Nheengatu: mimbira

/mɛ̃ˈᵐbɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mẽmbyT, from Proto-Tupian *mẽpyT. By surface analysis, mena (“husband”) + a'yra (“semen”).
Cognate with Guaraní memby.


mimby

head

mimby (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute mimby, R1 remimby, R2 semimby, R3 o emimby)

Nheengatu: membí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mimɨ. By surface analysis, emi- (passive deverbalizer prefix) + py (“to flute”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mimby.


Tupã

Nheengatu: Tupana

→ Portuguese: Tupã

Tupã (a Tupian deity, the personification of thunder)

Ne mungitta dee Tuppan do Quabe anamaſu y an dee Imme Ranni me ſiſe[…]

1557, Hans Staden, chapter 20, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Ask your God to truly make the storm pass so that it does not harm us.

[…]peẽ Christam ramo pereco roije / Coy peẽ pecanhema rece natecatupe Erimae Chris/tam recou Paitupa raucuba peabo rau

1645 October 21, Diogo Pinheiro Camarão, Letter to Baltazar Araberana, Gaspar Cararu, Jandaia and Pedro Valadin (Camarão Indians' letters; 6), page 2:

You, as Christians, are sick. Now you, for your doom, are the most vunerable. In the past you were Christians, but you sadly left Lord God's love.


upaba

head

upaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tupaba, R1 rupaba, R2 tupaba)

Nheengatu: tupa, tupé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-upaβ, from Proto-Tupian *-upap. By surface analysis, ub (“to lie”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “lying place”.
Cogante with Mbyá Guaraní upa.

surf

Kó xe 'anga, nde rusaba, nde rupabamo t'oîkó

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 128:

Here's my soul, place of your arrival, it shall be your bed.

bed (prepared spot in which to spend the night)

field (wide, open space that is used to grow crops)

[…]çoô mimbâba rôca ogoar gupabamo[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “25. Natiuitas Dòmini. G. I.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9v:

He took the livestock animal's house as his lodging.

lodging (place to live or lodge; sleeping accommodation)


kûara

Nheengatu: kuara, kwara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷa, from Proto-Tupian *kʷat.
Cognate with Awetí kwat, Guaraní kua.

Pesem tatu kûara suí.

itaîukûara

mine (excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken)


kunumĩ

desctree

Nheengatu: kurumĩ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: curumim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kunumĩ.
Cognate with Kamayurá kunu'um, Guarayu, Mbyá Guaraní, and Paraguayan Guaraní kunumi and Urubú-Kaapor kurumĩ.


nhe'enga

Nheengatu: nheenga

[ɲɛˈʔɛ̃.ᵑɡa]

Oré nhe'enga oîkoeeté.


etama

head

etama (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetama, R1 retama, R2 setama)

Nheengatu: etama, tama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etam
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní etã.

Coordinate term: oka

Cecobiárõbîrape temireco êtê, coipo menetè peretáme doâra?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter X, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 96:

Should be replaced the true wife or true husband that are in your dwellings?


Kurupira

Nheengatu: Kurupira

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Curupira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kurupir. By surface analysis, kurub (“warty”) + pira (“skin”).
Cognate with Guaraní Kurupi.

surf

28.p.Erecîquîjpe Anhanga, tagoaîba, curupira Iarupari, coipoteõ abáçupe?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VI, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 102v:

Had you summoned Anhanga, Taguaíba, Curupira, Jurupari or the death of someone?

name of a entity of Tupian mythology that had the feet turned backwards and would kill people wandering in the forests


Anhanga

→ Portuguese: Anhangá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ajaŋ.
Cognate with Guaraní Aña.

(folklore) name of a supernatural being of Tupi Mythology.

(Late Tupi, Christianity) Satan; the Devil


Îurupari

Nheengatu: Yuruparí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Jurupari

Cruſſa chèpopéſecoremé, ouyiemo cruſſaue tooure Ieropary oycoue aermé, naſſequeie chouéne ichouy[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “tpw”, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 357:

If this cross is in my hands, […] let even the Devil come then, I won't fear him.

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon:

(Christianity, Late Tupi) the Devil; Satan


kapi'i

Nheengatu: kapiĩ

→ Portuguese: capim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔi. By surface analysis, ka'a (“leaf”) + po'i (“slender”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'i.

surf

thatch (straw for covering roofs or stacks)


Sumé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Sumé

Pay, Sumê pipuera a angâba aé[…]

1663, Simão de Vasconcellos, Chronica da Companhia de Jesu do Estado do Brasil, Livro primeiro (overall work in Portuguese), Lisboa: Henrique Valente de Oliveira, page 113, column 1:

name of an entity from Tupi mythology that would have taught humanity about the use of fire, tools and agriculture


mba'etatá

Nheengatu: mbaetatá

→ Portuguese: boitatá


mba'e

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *maʔe. The euphemistc use for the penis is a semantic loan from Portuguese membro.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní mba'e.

(folklore) bogey (hostile supernatural creature)


pa'i

Nheengatu: paí

(Christianity, Late Tupi) father (term of address to a priest)

Xe reroketé pa'i

(Christianity, Late Tupi, by extension) priest, clergyman


tupã

Nheengatu: tupã, tupana

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã.


musurana

→ Brazilian Portuguese: muçurana

From musu (“swamp eel”) + ran (“false”) + -a.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 64; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

a rope tied to the waist of the prisioner who would be killed in the anthropophagic ritual


tupãoka

Nheengatu: tupauku

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tupã
Old Tupi tupã
Old Tupi Tupã
Proto-Tupian *ekʷ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ok
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi oka
Old Tupi tupãoka
From Tupã (“God”) + oka (“house”), coined by Jesuits in the 16th century. Piecewise doublet of Tupã roka.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní tupão.

Xe pô, xepi, abâ pô, y pi, ara o membira ragoera coabirè, S. Maria o membira IeSVS reraçou T. oc-ipe T. tubape y coabeenga, iudeos recomonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Februarius”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 3v:

Forty days after the birth of her son, Saint Mary took her son Jesus to the synagogue to present him to God the Father, following the Jewish law.

Putunamorecê y querpe xererijara T. òca eimonhang, ey S Maria y xupê; cò moçauçûba xeremimotaramo cecó cuapàba[…]

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Augustus”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 7:

On a certain night, in their sleep, Saint Mary said to them: "Make a church in my name. This dream is a sign of my will."

house of worship (mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith)


abaré

→ Portuguese: abaré, Abaré, Avaré


paîé

head

paîé (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute maîé)

Nheengatu: payé

→ Portuguese: pajé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paje.
Cognate with Guaraní paje.

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


ugûy

ugûy (IIa class pluriform, R1 rugûy, R2 sugûy, noun form ugûy)

form ugûy (noun)
Causative
mougûy
-ba'e
sugûyba'e
-sab
-saba
ugûŷaba／ugûysaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe rugûy (active)
sugûy (active)
oré rugûy (active)
îandé rugûy (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy (active)
ta nde rugûy (active)
ta sugûy (active)
t'oré rugûy (active)
t'îandé rugûy (active)
ta pe rugûy (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe rugûyî (active)
na nde rugûyî (active)
na sugûyî (active)
n'oré rugûyî (active)
n'îandé rugûyî (active)
na pe rugûyî (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde rugûy umẽ (active)
pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe rugûy umẽ (active)
ta nde rugûy umẽ (active)
ta sugûy umẽ (active)
t'oré rugûy umẽ (active)
t'îandé rugûy umẽ (active)
ta pe rugûy umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe rugûyramo (gerund)
nde rugûyramo (gerund)
o ugûyramo (gerund)
oré rugûyramo (gerund)
îandé rugûyramo (gerund)
pe rugûyramo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
nde rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
o ugûye'ymamo (gerund)
oré rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
îandé rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
pe rugûye'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
ugûy (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
ugûye'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe rugûyû (infinitive)
sugûyû (infinitive)
oré rugûyû (infinitive)
îandé rugûyû (infinitive)
xe rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
sugûye'ymi (infinitive)
oré rugûye'ymi (infinitive)
îandé rugûye'ymi (infinitive)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tuwy, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *cuy, from Proto-Tupian *jəɯ.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé suː, Guaraní tuguy.

menstruous (currently undergoing menstruation)


kysé

Nheengatu: kisé

→ Portuguese: quicé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kɨt͡ʃe (“knife”), from Proto-Tupian *kɨt͡ʃe (“bamboo”).
Cognate with Guaraní kyse.

inh+

Ereroupè itaxé amo[…]?

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 346:


nha'ẽ

head

nha'ẽ (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute nha'ẽ, R1 renha'ẽ, R2 senha'ẽ, R3 o enha'ẽ)

plate (dish for holding or serving food)


itaîuba

Nheengatu: itayúa

From itá (“metal”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

Aimõdar ahẽ xeitajubari[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Sospeitar mal de alguẽ”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 19; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


yby

yby (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tyby, R1 ryby, R2 tyby)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *(ʔ)ɨβɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯt͡spɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní yvy.


Îesu

Etymology tree
Hebrew ישועbor.
Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs)bor.
Latin Iēsūs
Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu
Portuguese Jesusbor.
Old Tupi ÎesuBorrowed from Portuguese Jesus, from Old Galician-Portuguese Jesu, from Latin Iēsūs, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), borrowed from Hebrew ישוע.
Compare Guaraní Hesu.


okena

head

okena (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute okena, R1 rokena, R2 sokena)

Nheengatu: ukena

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *okẽn, from Proto-Tupian *ekʷẽn, from *ekʷ + *en. By surface analysis, oka (“house”) + ena (“mouth”).
Cognate with Guaraní okẽ (“door”), Karitiâna akãn (“village”).


Tupã Tuba

(Christianity, Late Tupi) God the Father


Tupã Ta'yra

M. Cetépe Tupã Tûba, Tupã Täŷra, Tupã Espirito Santo? acẽ iabé?
D. Natecëí: Tupã Täŷra äé, iande iabé, apyâbamo onhemonhanghiré é, cetéramo cöyté, acẽ iabẽ.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 43; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

Does God the Son, God the Father, God the Holy Ghost have a body like us? / He has no body: God the Son, however, after making Himself man like us, had, in the end, a body like us.


aîyra

head

aîyra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute taîyra, R1 raîyra, R2 taîyra)

→ Nheengatu: tayera

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-ajɨr (“daughter of a man”).

inh+

first cousin once removed (daughter of a male first cousin)


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)


kunhataĩ

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujatãj. By surface analysis, kunhã (“woman”) + atã (“firm”) + -'ĩ (diminutive suffix).
Cognate with Guaraní kuñataĩ.


nhe'enge'yma

Nheengatu: nheengaíma

/ɲɛˌʔɛ̃.ŋɛˈʔɨ̃.ma/

From nhe'enga (“word”) + -e'ym (“-less”) + -a.


anhanga ratá

Literally, “devil's fire”. Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century.


anhanga

Nheengatu: anhanga

(Christianity, Late Tupi) devil; demon (evil spirit resident in or working for Hell)


upixûara

head

upixûara (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tupixûara, R1 rupixûara, R2 supixûara)

→ Portuguese: tupuxuara

→ New Latin: Tupuxuara


kûatiara

→ Portuguese: Catiara

Nheengatu: kwatiára


pokaba

pokaba (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mokaba)

Nheengatu: mukawa

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta in the 16th century, from poka (“explosion”) + -ab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “explosion instrument”.


'yba

(Late Tupi) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)


kurusá

Nheengatu: kurusá

Borrowed from Portuguese cruz.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní kurusu.

O ati'yba ri kurusá osupi.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, compiled by Eduardo de Almeida Navarro and Helder Perri Ferreira, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 122:


u'uba

head

u'uba (possessable, IIc class pluriform, absolute u'uba, R1 ru'uba, R2 su'uba)

Nheengatu: uíwa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uʔyP, from Proto-Tupian *ə-ꝁɯP.
Cognate with Guaraní hu'y.

arrow (projectile that is shot from a bow)


emirekoeté

emirekoeté (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute temirekoeté, R1 remirekoeté, R2 semirekoeté)

From emirekó (“wife”) + eté (“true, legitimate, authentic, genuine”), literally “legitimate wife, true wife”.

affix

Clara, y xè Gonçalo orogoàr xeremirecò etéramo Sancta Madre Igreja de Roma tecômonhangába rupi.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 134:

Clara, I Gonçalo take you as my legitimate wife, according to the regulations of the Holy Mother Church of Rome.

(Late Tupi) legitimate wife, with whom someone got married in the church


emirekó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *embireko. By surface analysis, emi- (“prefix that forms passive verbal derivatives”) + erekó (“to make be with oneself, to have”), literally “what someone makes be with oneself”. Doublet of mierekó.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní embireko.

surface analysis

P. Gonçalo nderemirecò potâpe Clara recè?
A. Xeremirecô potâ cecè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 133v:

— Gonçalo, do you want to have Clara as your wife?
— I want to have her as my wife.


kesaba

Nheengatu: kisawa

From ker (“to sleep”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a, literally “sleeping place”.

af

Eyotĩ de queçába, xeporupî.

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 44:

perch (rod used used as a roost by birds)


miaûsuba

head

miaûsuba (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute miaûsuba, R1 remiaûsuba, R2 semiaûsuba, R3 o emiaûsuba)

From emi- (passive deverbal preffix) + aûsub (“to love”) + -a.

af

Marã oicobotepe, / Ace Anhãga rẽbiauçubamo cecou?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter V, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 26v:

But acting in what way, being the people Devil's loved one?


karaibebé

Nheengatu: karaiwewé

[ka.ɾaˌi.β̞ɛˈβ̞ɛ]

Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century, from karaíba (“Christian”) + bebé (“flying”).

Peyôri apiàbetà
Oyepé tiay moêté
Yandé caraîbèbê

(Can we date this quote?), Cristóvão Valente, compiled by Antônio de Araújo, (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 6:

Come, men. We shall honor in unisson our angel.

Pe îabi'õ Pa'i Tupã karaibebé moingóû. A'e pe mopyatã; a'e kó pe sumarã pe 'anga suí i mondóû.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 50; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

For each one of you, Lord God has charged an angel. He makes you strong; he shoos away your enemies from your souls.


Îandé Îara

Nheengatu: Yané Yara

Calque of Portuguese Nosso Senhor.
Compare Guaraní Ñandejára.

Nde reriyarabê eimõgetâ igbac-igoâra catûpabê abè: peimonhirom Tupã yande jara y xêbo, eyâ, taxe reraço corî oangaturama recèm xerecè ogeõ agoêra recêbè, yxe ogoerobiararecê, oyoêcê xeyerobiâara recêbê goripâpe, eyâ.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Ordem que ſe guarda no dar da Sancta Vnção” (chapter VII), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, pages 141v–142:

The bearer of Thy name also prays, the multitude that inhabits the skies too, saying: “make Our Lord God pardon me” and “may He take me with Him today, because of His goodness, because of His belief on me as well as my belief on Him, to His Heaven.”


reîa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rex
Old Galician-Portuguese rei
Portuguese rei
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi reîa
Borrowed from Portuguese rei (“king”).

etymon

Orirẏ nde iucare / tupã çumarã reya / eiori ore requÿa / toroico nde ipipenhe / ore çumarã mõdia

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 124, lines 1476–1480; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

They tremble after killing you, the kings enemy to God. Come to rapture us, so we can be at your side, and frighten our enemies.

monarch (ruler of an absolute monarchy; king or queen)

royalty (rank, status, power or authority of a monarch)


ubixaba

head

ubixaba (IIa class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 subixaba)

ubixaba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tubixaba, R1 rubixaba, R2 tubixaba)

Nheengatu: uixawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuxaua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní uvixa.

inh+

chief; leader (head of a group of people, organisation, etc.)


mãîa

Nheengatu: manha

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Italic *mātēr
Latin māter
Old Galician-Portuguese madre
Old Galician-Portuguese mãy
Portuguese mãe
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi mãîa
Borrowed from Portuguese mãe (“mother”) + -a (nominal suffix).

suffix

— Abápe erimbäé Tupã oimonhangypŷ ybŷ pôramo? — Acẽ rûbypŷ Adã acẽ mãy ypŷ Eva bé, cecómonhânga, toïcüáb oiâramo, omonhangâramo xe recó oiâbo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo I”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Fé, page 38, column 2; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

— Whom did God once make in the condition of inhabitant of earth? — The first father of the people Adam, the first mother of the people Eve as well, giving them laws, saying "may they know I am their own lord, their own creator".


Anhanga retama

From Anhanga (“Devil”) + retama (“land”), literally “land of the Devil”.
Compare Guaraní añaretã.

af

yanga oso ognanga retam

1586, André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, in Le grand Insulaire et pilotage d'André THEVET, Angoumoisin, cosmographe du Roy, dans lequel sont contenus plusieurs plants d'isles habitées et deshabitées et description d'icelles, page 253:


tupãrorypaba

From Tupã (“God”) + rorypaba (“place of happiness”).

Arobia ychegnuam pupé catou toupan rorupape ycaraïcatouäe gognugnangaue

I believe deeply in my heart that in paradise those who are truly virtuous gather together.

Emonanamo pemendârirè peteûme pemendàragoêra rerecômemoammo, peîcôcatu, tecó catú repenhãdàpe peicôbo: igbacupe Tupã roripápe, pereõroirè, peçòyanondè.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes do recebimento & bençoens” (chapter 5), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n269/mode/1up Livro Setimo da ordem de baptizar, […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 133v:

Therefore, after your marriage, be careful not to mistreat the one you married. Live well, behaving to embrace virtue, before going to heaven, to paradise, after your deaths.


orypaba

head

orypaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute torypaba, R1 rorypaba, R2 sorypaba)

From oryb (“happy”) + -sab (circumstantial suffix) + -a (nominal suffix), literally “place of happiness”.

affix

M. Doimoacijpe amo onheengaîbagoêra, y yaorè?
D. Oimoacî, ye catuâba cotí oicob aè ndeiteè oâpixâra cacàpa cepîca
M. Aèpe yandejâra çupê marã eỹ?
D. Nde maenduar xerecè nde rorîpape nde recô roirè, ey?
M. Mara ey pe yandejàra ynheeng obaixoa?
D. Cori ereicô xe roripape xe pirine, ey.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Do que paſsou na Cruz” (chapter 10), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n137/mode/1up Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, pages 62v–63:

M. Did anyone regret their own evil words, after insulting him?
D. The one who was on his right regretted. It is no wonder he rebuked his fellow, making reparations.
M. And to Our Lord, what did he say?
D. He said: "Remember me after you are in paradise".
M. What did Our Lord say in response to his words?
D. He said: "Today you will be in paradise with me".

(Christianity, Late Tupi) paradise (when possessor is God)


'ykaraíba

Calque of Portuguese água benta, from 'y + karaíb + -a.

Anhanga nhegoacẽbâba igcaraiba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 142:

The holy water is the reason of Devil's fleeing.


karaíb

form karaíba (noun)
Causative
mongaraíb
-ba'e
i karaiba'e／i karaibyba'e
-sab
-saba
karaipaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe karaíb (active)
i karaíb (active)
oré karaíb (active)
îandé karaíb (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe karaíb (active)
ta nde karaíb (active)
t'i karaíb (active)
t'oré karaíb (active)
t'îandé karaíb (active)
ta pe karaíb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe karaíbi (active)
na nde karaíbi (active)
n'i karaíbi (active)
n'oré karaíbi (active)
n'îandé karaíbi (active)
na pe karaíbi (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde karaíb umẽ (active)
pe karaíb umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe karaíb umẽ (active)
ta nde karaíb umẽ (active)
t'i karaíb umẽ (active)
t'oré karaíb umẽ (active)
t'îandé karaíb umẽ (active)
ta pe karaíb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe karaíbamo (gerund)
nde karaíbamo (gerund)
o karaíbamo (gerund)
oré karaíbamo (gerund)
îandé karaíbamo (gerund)
pe karaíbamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
nde karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
o karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
oré karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
îandé karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
pe karaibe'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
karaíba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
karaibe'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe karaíbi (infinitive)
i karaíbi (infinitive)
oré karaíbi (infinitive)
îandé karaíbi (infinitive)
xe karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
i karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
oré karaibe'ymi (infinitive)
îandé karaibe'ymi (infinitive)

M[estre]. marãgatupeacerecou Tupã oc-îpe oiquiabo?
D[isciple]. Oye î piî igcaraiba pupè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 24:

Master: How do the people behave entering the church?
Disciple: They sprinkle themselves with holy water.


Tupã sy

Calque of Portuguese Mãe de Deus (“Mother of God”).
Compare Guaraní Tupãsy.


mongaraíb

tpw-verb

mongaraíb (first-person singular active indicative aîmongaraíb, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmongaraíbi, gerund mongaraípa, noun mongaraíba) (transitive)

aîmongaraíb (active first-person indicative singular)
n'aîmongaraíbi (active first-person indicative negative singular)
mongaraípa (gerund)
mongaraíba (noun)
Tupi (Late)
Causative
mongaraibukar
Reflexive
îemongaraíb
-ba'e
oîmongaraiba'e
emi-
emimongaraíba／mimongaraíba
-pyr
-pyra
i mongaraibypyra
-sab
-saba
mongaraipaba
-sar
-sara
mongaraipara
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
aîmongaraíb (active)
ereîmongaraíb (active)
oîmongaraíb (active)
oroîmongaraíb (active)
îaîmongaraíb (active)
peîmongaraíb (active)
Permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraíb (active)
t'ereîmongaraíb (active)
t'oîmongaraíb (active)
t'oroîmongaraíb (active)
t'îaîmongaraíb (active)
ta peîmongaraíb (active)
Imperative (active)
eîmongaraíb (active)
Negative indicative (active)
n'aîmongaraíbi (active)
n'ereîmongaraíbi (active)
n'oîmongaraíbi (active)
n'oroîmongaraíbi (active)
n'îaîmongaraíbi (active)
na peîmongaraíbi (active)
Negative permissive (active)
t'aîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'ereîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'oîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'oroîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
t'îaîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
ta peîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
Negative imperative (active)
eîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
peîmongaraíb umẽ (active)
Affirmative (infinitive)
mongaraíba (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
mongaraibe'yma (infinitive)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe mongaraípa (gerund)
nde mongaraípa (gerund)
i mongaraípa (gerund)
oré mongaraípa (gerund)
îandé mongaraípa (gerund)
pe mongaraípa (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
nde mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
i mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
oré mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
îandé mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
pe mongaraibe'yma (gerund)
xe mongaraíbi (gerund)
i mongaraíbi (gerund)
oré mongaraíbi (gerund)
îandé mongaraíbi (gerund)
xe mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
i mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
oré mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)
îandé mongaraibe'ymi (gerund)

Causative of karaíb, from mo- (causative prefix) + karaíb (“holy”).


oré-ruba

[ɔ.ɾɛˈɾu.βa]

Calque of Portuguese pai-nosso, from oré (“our”) + ruba (“father”).
Compare Guaraní Ore Ru.

M. Marã iabêpe iarobia^([sic]) cüácatú Tupã recé, ixupébé iande recotebẽçâba pabẽ recé ıâieruré cüa catúne?
D. Orerûba cüacatuâbo.
M. Aépe Virgem MARIA Senhora nossa, marã iabe iaierurecüacatúne?
D. Ave MARIA, Salve Rainha abe cüâcatûreme: iepi memébe çäânga ixupé cecẽ oierobiá étébo.

1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, “Dialogo II”, in Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Do que pertence á Esperança, e Caridade, &c., pages 64–65; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

M. In what way will we know well to trust in God and ask him for all our needs?
D. By knowing the Lord's Prayer well.
M. And as for the Virgin Mary Our Lady, in what way will we know well to ask her?
D. By knowing the Hail Mary and the Salve Regina well, always pronouncing them and trusting in her a lot.

(Christianity, Late Tupi) Lord's Prayer, Our Father (the prayer taught by Jesus Christ to his disciples)


abaeté

Nheengatu: awaeté

→ Brazilian Portuguese: abaetê, Abaeté

(Late Tupi, Christianity) layman (man who is not an ordained cleric)


itaîngapema

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tangapema

maẽ co xe itãgapema
xepope ndoicoi tenhe
pemobocaõma e.

c. 1589, Joseph of Anchieta, “Recebimẽto, q̃ fezeraõ oſ Jndioſ de guaraparĩ ao Pᵉ Prouĩcial Marçal Belliarte” (chapter XXI), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 23v, column 2, lines 189–191; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 56:

Look, this warclub of mine is not aimlessly in my hands, it is in fact the weapon that will shatter you all.

S. Pedro y tãgapema ocequij / morubixàba rembiauçuba / Malco ceribaè rapixapa, / ynambi mondôra

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 54v:

Saint Peter drew the sword and struck a servant of the high priest named Malchus, cutting off his ear.

Enhonong de itaingapema ndecuaì[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:


itaîngapema

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

a tree whose wood was used to make warclubs. Further details are uncertain.


tupãok

form tupãoka (noun)
Causative
motupãok
-ba'e
i tupãokyba'e
-sab
-saba
tupãokaba
Singular
Singular & Plural
Plural
1ˢᵗ person
2ⁿᵈ person
3ʳᵈ person
1ˢᵗ person exclusive
1ˢᵗ person inclusive
Indicative (active)
xe tupãok (active)
i tupãok (active)
oré tupãok (active)
îandé tupãok (active)
Imperative (active)
Permissive (active)
ta xe tupãok (active)
ta nde tupãok (active)
t'i tupãok (active)
t'oré tupãok (active)
t'îandé tupãok (active)
ta pe tupãok (active)
Negative indicative (active)
na xe tupãoki (active)
na nde tupãoki (active)
n'i tupãoki (active)
n'oré tupãoki (active)
n'îandé tupãoki (active)
na pe tupãoki (active)
Negative imperative (active)
nde tupãok umẽ (active)
pe tupãok umẽ (active)
Negative permissive (active)
ta xe tupãok umẽ (active)
ta nde tupãok umẽ (active)
t'i tupãok umẽ (active)
t'oré tupãok umẽ (active)
t'îandé tupãok umẽ (active)
ta pe tupãok umẽ (active)
Affirmative (gerund)
xe tupãokamo (gerund)
nde tupãokamo (gerund)
o tupãokamo (gerund)
oré tupãokamo (gerund)
îandé tupãokamo (gerund)
pe tupãokamo (gerund)
Negative (gerund)
xe tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
nde tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
o tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
oré tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
îandé tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
pe tupãoke'ymamo (gerund)
Affirmative (infinitive)
tupãoka (infinitive)
Negative (infinitive)
tupãoke'yma (infinitive)
same as gerund (infinitive)
xe tupãoki (infinitive)
i tupãoki (infinitive)
oré tupãoki (infinitive)
îandé tupãoki (infinitive)
xe tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
i tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
oré tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)
îandé tupãoke'ymi (infinitive)

Back-formation from tupãoka (“house of worship”).

back-formation

Maene, Tupinãba
Paraguaçupe ndaroera,
ytupã ocibae puera
opacatu yamomba
nitibetei çembiroera

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 63, lines 142–146; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 691:

Look, the Tupinambás
who were in Paraguaçu
and had their churches,
we destroyed them all.
Not even their remains are left.

(Late Tupi, religion) to have a house of worship (usually a Catholic church)


'anga

Nheengatu: anga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaŋ (“shadow”).

inh+

yanderubete Ieſu
yande recobe meẽgara
oimõboreauçucatu
yãde amotareimbara
anhãga aiba
morapitiara
yãde anga iucaçara

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cãtiga & el ſin Vẽtura” (chapter XXV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], page 26, column 1, lines 1-7; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 61:

Our true father Jesus, donor of our souls. Our enemy, the devil's wickedness, the slaughterer, the killer of our souls, has aflicted him so much.

(Late Tupi, Christianity) soul (spirit or essence of a person)


angaîpaba

Nheengatu: angaipawa

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔaŋ
Old Tupi 'anga
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aiβ
Old Tupi aíb
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi aíba
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ
Old Tupi -sab
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi angaîpaba
From 'anga (“soul”) + aíba (“wickedness”) + -sab (instrumentalizer suffix) + -a. Coined by Jesuits in the 16th century.


pindobusu

(hapax) palm tree leaves used as roofing


'Ypupîara

→ Portuguese: Ipupiara

From 'y + pupîara, literally “what is inside the water”.

Pero de Magalhães Gândavo (1576) chapter 9, in Hiſtoria da prouincia ſãcta Cruz a qui vulgarmẽte chamamos Brasil [History of the Holy Cross province, which we vulgarly call Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Antonio Gonsaluez, page 32: “Hipupiára”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § VI (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1315: “Ypupiapra”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXXVII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 280: “upupiara”

Francisco Soares (1590–1966) [1596] “Homẽs marinhos”, in Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6) (overall work in Portuguese), quoted in Coisas Notáveis do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, page 85, line 2214: “Jgpupiara”

anonymous author (1622) “Cousa mâ q. anda nagoa”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 85: “Jgpupiara”

an hostile water sprite, which was said to drown people crossing water bodies.