y

head

y (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ty, R1 ry, R2 ty)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of ty.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


y

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“river”), from Proto-Tupian *it͡ʃˀɨ (“river”).
Cognate with Awetí hɨ (“river”) and Sateré-Mawé ihɨ (“river”).


paranã

desctree

Old Tupi: paraná, paranã
Nheengatu: paraná, paranã
→ Brazilian Portuguese: paraná
→ Portuguese: Paraná

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã.

etymon

paranãngûá

São Sebastião abé, / marana rerekoarûera, / tamuîa, kyre'ymbagûera, / omombab erimba'e; / n'i tybangáî setãmbûera. / Opá, — Paranapuku, / Îakutinga, Moro'y, / Sarigûeîa, Gûiryry, / Pindoba, Parigûasu, / Kurusá, Miape'y, / Îabebirasyka tapera — / akûeîme n'i poretáî. / I aûîé mu'amarûera; / oîoybyri se'õmbûera / paranã ybyri i kûáî.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 54, lines 593–607; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Saint Sebastian too, the patron of war, destroyed the Tamoio, the brave ones; their old lands don't exist anymore. None of them — Paranapucu, Jacutinga, Moroí, Sarigueia, Guiriri, Pindoba, Pariguaçu, Curuçá, Miapeí, Jabebiracica's village — have had anything for a long time. The enemies surrended; their bodies were side by side along the sea.

Acôcoríparanâmèné[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 22:

Oquir coêcoẽ amâna, Paranã momũgabo.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 41v:

The morning kept seeing the rain pour, filling the sea

Paranã rupi[…]aguatâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Nauegar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 48; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


taba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Guaraní táva.

— Umãmepe i momendari?
— Paraíso Terreal taporãngatu pupé.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, edited by Pe. Armando Cardoso, Doutrina Cristã do Catecismo Brasílico, volume I, São Paulo: Edições Loyola, published 1993, page 226:

— Where did he wed them?
— At the Terrestrial Paradise, a very beautiful place.


ka'a

Nheengatu: kaá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔa (“forest, leaf”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ka'a and Guaraní ka'a.

inh+

woods; forest (dense collection of trees)

leaf (green, flat organ of most vegetative plants)


mairi

Nheengatu: mairí


'y

Nheengatu: ií

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ʔɨ.
Cognate with Aurá, Awetí, Emerillon, Guajá, Sateré-Mawé, Tapirapé, Tembé, and Xingú Asuriní ʔɨ and Guaraní y.


pará

Nheengatu: pará

→ Portuguese: Pará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *para.
Cognate with Guaraní para.


Mairi

Nheengatu: Mairí

Uncertain. If the same origin of Portuguese Mairi, from maíra (“white man”) + 'y (“river”).

Belém (a city, the state capital of Pará, Brazil)


Pindobusu

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Pindobuçu

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 434.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupian village in Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy; nowadays Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


ka'atinga

Nheengatu: kaatinga

desc

→ Paraguayan Guaraní: ka'atĩnga (learned)

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caatinga, Caatinga, catinga
→ English: caatinga

From ka'a (“forest”) + ting (“white”) + -a.

caatinga (sparse, thorny wooded area of northeastern Brazil)


yby

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *(ʔ)ɨβɨ, from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯt͡spɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní and Mbyá Guaraní yvy.

inh+

earth; soil (unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth)

ground (the surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground)

dry land (part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water)


îy

Nheengatu: jí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jɨ (“axe”), from Proto-Tupian *wɨ (“axe”).

tool (any piece of equipment used in a profession or to make a task easier)


paranãgûasu

Nheengatu: paranawasú

Portuguese: Paranaguaçu

Paranãgûasu rasapa
aîu, nde repîá potá.
Eîori, oté raûsuba!
T'e'ikatu nde kuapa
xe ruba Tupinambá!

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Trilogia” (chapter 7), in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 114, lines 50–55:

I came, crossing the ocean, wanting to see you. Come to pity us! May my father Tupinambá can meet you!

Baè baèpiã teõ çuî nheangoâbo / Guarininamoçô, paranágoâçu raçâbano.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Dialogo Quinto. Do Sacramento da Penitencia” (chapter VII), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 91:

What are, by chance, the times to fear death? / Going to war, crossing the ocean too.


Rerityba

→ Portuguese: Reritiba

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, from reri (“oyster”) + tyba (“gathering”).

coin

Rerityba, xe retama,
tabangaturãngatu!
Xe anama xe mboú
Tupã sy repîakarama.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Trilogia”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 112, lines 17–20:

Rerityba, my land, a very prosperous village. My family made me come and see the mother of God.

(now historical) A former Tupian village in Espírito Santo, Brazil, which originated nowadays Anchieta.


Iperu'y

→ Portuguese: Iperoig

(now historical) A former Tupian village in the São Vicente captaincy, Brazil, which originated nowadays Ubatuba.


Paranaûasu

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã
Old Tupi paranã
Old Tupi paraná
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi Paranaûasu
From paraná (“river”) + -ûasu (“big”).

etymon

(hapax) Amazon (a river in northern South America)


Mbyrykioka

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Bertioga

From mbyryki (“muriqui”) + oka (“house”).

The mouth of the Bertioga channel and its surroundings, next to the São João da Bertioga fort, in São Vicente captaincy, Brazil, where nowadays Bertioga city is located.


Gûenũ

→ Portuguese: Guenum

Arocacar guenũ.

1622, anonymous author, “Chegar-se indo como o caminhante ao lugar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 73; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

An island located in the Bay of All Saints in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, equivalent to modern-day Ilha dos Frades


Kariîooka

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: carioca
→ English: Carioca

F Mamo-pè ſetam?
T Kariauh-bè

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter XX, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 352:

Frenchman: Where is their residence?
Tupinambá: In Kariîooka.

Maene, Tupinãba
Paraguaçupe ndaroera,
ytupã ocibae puera
opacatu yamomba
nitibetei çembiroera
Yaupa Moçupiroca,
Yequej, guatapitiba,
Nheterõya, Paraiba
Guayayo, Carijo oca
Pacucaya, Araçatiba.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço)” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ], Niterói, page 63, lines 142–151; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 117:

Look, the Tupinambás who were in Paraguaçu and had their churches, we destroyed them all. Not even their remains are left. We devoured everyone at Moçupiroca, Jequeí, Guatapitiba, Niterói, Paraíba, Guajajó, Carioca, Pacucaia, Araçatiba.

(now historical) a former Carijó village in Guanabara bay, São Vicente captaincy, Brazil

Carioca (a river in Guanabara bay, São Vicente captaincy, Brazil)


paraná

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, Língua Geral Paulista)

desctree

Nheengatu: paraná, paranã
→ Brazilian Portuguese: paraná

→ Portuguese: Paraná

From paranã, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã.

etymon

Coritéité aiepabóc, / Paranà rupí aiparabóc, / Moçapýr tüibäé uçú, / Çupí ocepiác pytún uçú.

a. 1759, anonymous author, Narração que faz um sertanejo a um seu amigo de uma viagem que fez pelo sertão, page 190; republished as Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, “Um texto anônimo, em língua geral amazônica, do século XVIII”, in Revista USP, number 90, São Paulo, 2011 August 24, →DOI:

Soon I departed. By the river, I chose three very old men. They really saw in the dark.


Gûatapytyba

→ Portuguese: Guatapitiba (learned)

From gûatapy (“sea snail, or its shell”) + tyba (“gathering”), literally “gathering of sea snails, or of its shells”.

af

(now historical) a former Tupian village in São Vicente Captaincy; nowadays Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Kyrymuré

Portuguese: Quirimurê

Unknown, perhaps related to an Old Tupi name for fish of the Mugilidae family.

a bay in Bahia Captaincy, equivalent to modern-day Bay of All Saints, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

F Mamo-pe deretam?
T Kariauh, Ora-ouaſſou-ouée Jaueu-ur aſſic?^([sic]) […] Sarapo-u, Ke-ri-u, Acara-u Kouroumouré, Ita-auc […] Sacouarr-ouſſou-tuue, Ocarentin, Sapopem […] Araſa-tuue, Uſu-potuue

1578, Jean de Léry, chapter 20, in Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 349:

F Where are your lands?
T Carioca, Uirauaçuúna, Jabebiracica […] Sarapoí, Rerií, Acaraí, Quirimuré, Itaoca […] Taquaruçutiba, Ocaratim, Sapopema […] Araçatiba, Icipotiba.

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 406.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the east of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays between Niterói and São Gonçalo, roughly in the Neves neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil


Sapopema

Portuguese: Sapopemba

From sapó (“root”) + pema (“angular”), literally “angular roots”.

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 433.jpg

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays between Bento Ribeiro, Deodoro, Marechal Hermes, and Vila Militar neighborhoods, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Ûyraûasuúna

Ûy‧ra‧ûa‧su‧ú‧na

From ûyraûasu (“hawk”) + una (“black, dark”), literally “black or dark hawk”.

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Centro neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Akara'y

Portuguese: Icaraí

From akará (“fish of the Cichlidae family”) + 'y (“river”).

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the east of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Icaraí neighborhood, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil


Eiraîá

Portuguese: Irajá

From eíra (“bee, honey”) + îá (“fullness”), literally “fullness of bees, honey”, or eîrara (“tayra”) + îá (“fullness”), literally “fullness of tayras”.

F Mamo-pe deretam?
T Kariauh, Ora-ouaſſou-ouée Jaueu-ur aſſic?^([sic]) […] Eiraia […] Sarapo-u, Ke-ri-u, Acara-u Kouroumouré, Ita-auc […] Sacouarr-ouſſou-tuue, Ocarentin, Sapopem […] Araſa-tuue, Uſu-potuue

F Where are your lands?
T Carioca, Uirauaçuúna, Jabebiracica […] Eirajá […] Sarapoí, Rerií, Acaraí, Quirimuré, Itaoca […] Taquaruçutiba, Ocaratim, Sapopema […] Araçatiba, Icipotiba.

(now historical) a former Tupinambá village to the west of Guanabara Bay, São Vicente Captaincy, nowadays roughly in the Irajá neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


Paranapitinga

Nheengatu: Paraná Pitinga

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã
Old Tupi paranã
Old Tupi paraná
Old Tupi piting
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi Paranapitinga
From paraná (“river”) + piting (“turbid”) + -a.


Metarakanga

→ Portuguese: Metaracanga (learned)

From metara (“tembetá”) + akanga (“head”).

a monolithic mountain in São Vicente Captaincy, equivalent to modern-day Pedra da Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


'Ypa'ũgûasu

From 'ypa'ũ (“island”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

an island in São Vicente Captaincy, equivalent to modern-day Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil


Akaîutebiró

→ Portuguese: Acajutibiró

From akaîu (“cashew tree”) + tebiró (“sodomite, sterile”), literally “sterile cashew tree”.

a bay in Paraíba Captaincy, nowadays in Baía da Traição, Paraíba, Brazil