uba

head

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (cousin of one's father)


kana

Nheengatu: kana

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese cana, from Old Galician-Portuguese cana, from Latin canna, borrowed from Ancient Greek κᾰ́ννᾱ (kắnnā), borrowed from Akkadian qanûm.

etymon

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

(Língua Geral Amazônica) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)


py

head

py (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute mby)


aba

aba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute taba, R1 raba, R2 saba)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *rap, from Proto-Mawé-Guaraní *t͡sap, from Proto-Tupian *jap.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé sap, Guaraní ague.


'a

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa (“fruit, head”), from Proto-Tupian *ʔa (“fruit, head”).
Cognate wirh Sateré-Mawé 'a and Guaraní 'a.

(vocative, in reverence) dude; bro term of address for a man

(vocative, in reverence) companion; comrade; term of address for a friend

(vocative, in reverence) sir; term of address for an old man


tatu

Nheengatu: tatú

→ French: tatou (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: tatu (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatu, from Proto-Tupian *jat͡sju.
Cognate with Guaraní tatu and Sateré-Mawé sahu.

etymon

Pierre Belon (1553) chapter III, in Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges, book 1 (overall work in Middle French), Paris: G. Corrozet, page 5: “Tatou”

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XXX, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Dattu”

André Thevet (1557–1558) chapter 24, in Les singularitez de la France Antarctique [The singularities of France Antarctique] (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Maurice de La Porte, page 48: “Tatou”

Joseph of Anchieta (1560) chapter XXVIII, in Epistola quamplurimarum rerum naturalium quae S. Vicentii (nunc S. Pauli) provinciam incolunt sistens descriptionem (overall work in Latin); republished as Diogo de Toledo Lara Ordonhez, editor, Lisboa: Typis Academiae, 1799, page 20: “Tatû”

Jean de Léry (1578) Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, page 156: “Tatou”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1302: “Tatu”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 251: “tatús”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Tatu caualo armado”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 41; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 111, line 1055: “Tatu”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XV, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 96v: “Tatous”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VI, chapter VIII (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 231: “Tatv”

armadillo (any mammal in the order Cingulata)


oba

head

oba (possessable, IIe class pluriform, absolute soba, R1 roba, R2 soba)

Nheengatu: awa

leaf (green, flat organ of most vegetative plants)


musu

Nheengatu: musũ

desc

→ Portuguese: muçum, muçu, mussum, mussu (proscribed)

marbled swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus)


arara

Nheengatu: arara

→ Portuguese: arara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *arar, from Proto-Tupian *arat. Doublet of ará.


abati

Nheengatu: awatí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: abati, avati, auati

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aβati.
Cognate with Guaraní avati.


siri

→ Portuguese: siri

swimming crab (any crab of the family Portunidae)


pé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe, from Proto-Tupian *pe.

scale (keratin pieces covering the skin of certain animals, particularly fish and reptiles)


paka

Nheengatu: paka

desctree

→ Portuguese: paca
→ English: paca
→ Galician: paca

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pak.
Cognate with Guaraní paka.

Paka onhan.
The paca ran.

Pacarupiara[…]

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 73; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Cuniculus paca
Cuniculus paca#Translingual


kaba

Nheengatu: kawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caba

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgap.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kavy and Paraguayan Guaraní káva.

wasp (any insect of the family Vespidae)


parati

Nheengatu: paratí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: parati

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

grey mullet Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


naná

Nheengatu: naná, ananá, nanã

→ Portuguese: ananás (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *nanã.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní anana.

etymon

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique


panama

>? Portuguese: panapaná, panapanã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *panam, from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní panambi.


kunhã

Nheengatu: kunhã

→ Portuguese: cunhã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kujã.
Cognate with Guaraní kuña and Mbyá Guaraní kunha.


urubu

Nheengatu: urubú

desctree

→ Portuguese: urubu, urubú (1931-prescribed spelling)
→ Catalan: urubú
→ English: urubu
 (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβu, from Proto-Tupian *urupˀu.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé uruwu and Guaraní yryvu.

etymon

New World vulture (any vulture in the family Cathartidae)


sapé

→ Portuguese: sapé, sapê

satintail (any grass in the genus Imperata)


ka'a

Nheengatu: kaá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: caá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔa (“forest, leaf”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ka'a and Guaraní ka'a.

inh+

woods; forest (dense collection of trees)


matamatá

Nheengatu: matamatá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: matamatá

(North Tupi, hapax) matamata (Chelus fimbriata)


irara

Nheengatu: irara

→ Portuguese: irara


pirá

Nheengatu: pirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira.
Cognate with Guaraní pira.


ybyrá

Nheengatu: mirá

→ Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨra. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

cog

Igbigraîpigpeain

1622, anonymous author, “Pe, pello grosso da aruore, masto, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 68; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

[…]Aybyrá áb[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi nao ſignificão; mas juntas a outras partes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79:

yãde anga rauçupape / ibira pupe omanomo / yãde repimeẽgape / anhãgape oyemoiromo / yãde rauçupa / yãde raromo / yãde anga piciromo.

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cãtiga & el ſin Vẽtura” (chapter XXV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 26, column 1, lines 8–14; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 61:

Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.


gûyrá

Nheengatu: wirá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: uirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨra.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní guyra.

cog

[…]ouyratin oour chèuè[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “De la mort de trois Indiens Topinamba qui eſtoient venus en France” (chapter LVII), in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 353:


nhandu

→ Portuguese: nandu, nhandu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *janu.

Rhea americana
Rhea americana#Translingual


nhandu

→ Portuguese: nhandu

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae


potyra

head

potyra (possessable, Ib class pluriform, absolute motyra)

Nheengatu: putira

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *potɨr, from Proto-Tupian *potˀɨt.
Cognate with Awetí potɨt, Mbyá Guaraní poty and Sateré-Mawé pohɨt.


marakaîá

Nheengatu: marakayá

→ Portuguese: maracajá, ⇒ gato-maracajá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakaja.
Cognate with Guaraní mbarakaja.

îagûara

îagûarakangusu, îagûareté, *îagûaruna, îagûarusu

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus wiedii#Translingual

small spotted cat of the genus Leopardus. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

Leopardus tigrinus
Leopardus tigrinus#Translingual


mboîa

Nheengatu: buya

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *moj, from Proto-Tupian *moj.

etymon

Eua yandeci ipi / onhemomotarete / ibaporanga rece / boya nhe enga rupi / y ijquiebo, ygoabonhe

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 147v, lines 1–5; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 279:

Eve, our first mother, was much attracted by the beautiful fruit, after the snake’s words, and indeed picking it, and eating it.


akuti

Nheengatu: akutí

→ French: agouti, acouchi

desctree

→? Dutch: agoeti
Afrikaans: agoeti
→ Sranan Tongo: aguti

→ English: agouti, acouchi, acouchy

→ Italian: aguti

→? Russian: агути (aguti)

desc

→ Portuguese: cutia (with regular loss of word-initial /a/), aguti, aguchi, acouti, acuti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akuti, from Proto-Tupian *akutˀi.
Cognate with Guaraní akuti.

etymon

agouti (any rodent in the genus Dasyprocta)


kururu

Nheengatu: kururú

Portuguese: → cururu, ⇒ sapo-cururu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kururu.
Cognate with Guaraní kururu.

Rhinella marina
Rhinella marina#Translingual

true toad. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica? / Andira ruâpee. / Panama, coipo guaiquica? / enero, cururu açica? / eri, carigueya e. / Ejori / baenẽ baepoxi / bora, miaratacaca / ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij / auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled toad? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 266: “cururús [kururu]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 253v: “Courourou [Kururu]”

anonymous author (1622) “Sapo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 113: “Cururu [Kururu]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Medicina Brasiliensi, book 3, chapter 1 (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 46: “Cururu [Kururu]”


îakaré

Nheengatu: yakaré

desctree

→ Portuguese: jacaré
→ English: yacare
→ Galician: jacaré
→ Hunsrik: Schakaree

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jakare.
Cognate with Guaraní jakare, Tembé zakare and Tocantins Asurini and Xingú Asuriní sakare.

cog

Îakaré 'y suí osem.

caiman (any crocodilian of the subfamily Caimaninae)


akaîu

Nheengatu: akayú

desctree

→ French: acajou
→ English: cashew, acajou

→ Portuguese: caju, acaju
→ Gujarati: કાજુ (kāju)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: काजू (kājū)
Urdu: کاجُو (kājū)
→ Konkani: काजू (kājū)
→ Marathi: काजू (kājū)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਜੂ (kājū)
Shahmukhi script: کاجُو (kājū)
→ Spanish: cajú
→ Hunsrik: akaschu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akaju.

etymon

29.p. Nde agoâçape coîr?
30.p. Mbobîpe Iaci canhémi, coipô acajú ajubamo cecè nderecoreme meme?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter VII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 104v:

29th question: Where you adulterous today?
30th question: How many times did the moon go down and the cashews ripe with this same condition?

Acajuig[…]

1622, anonymous author, “Uinho de uuas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 146; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 262.jpg

cashew apple (accessory fruit of Anacardium occidentale)


îaboti

Nheengatu: yautí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jabuti, jaboti, jabotí (1931-prescribed spelling), jabutí (1931-prescribed spelling), jaboty (obsolete)
→ English: jabuti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaβoti.

etymon

red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius)


usá

head

usá (unpossessable, female equivalent kunduru)

→ Portuguese: uçá, usá

→ Translingual: Uca

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ut͡ʃa (“crab”).


pirãîagûara

desctree

Nheengatu: pirayawara
→ Brazilian Portuguese: pirajaguara
→ Tucano: piraiauára

According to Navarro, from pirãîa (“piranha”) + gûara (“eater”), although the presence of the medial ⟨a⟩ in the final compound is highly irregular: a proper formation would be *pirãîgûara. One contemporary source actually interprets it as pirá (“fish”) + îagûara (“jaguar”), which could be proven right by Nheengatu having pirayawara, and not *piranhawara.

Amazon river dolphin
Amazon river dolphin

Inia geoffrensis
Inia geoffrensis#Translingual

a freshwater dolphin. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


pindá

→ Portuguese: pindá


tapiti

Nheengatu: tapetí, tapití

→ Portuguese: tapiti, tapeti
→ English: tapeti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiti.
Cognate with Guaraní tapiti.


meru

Nheengatu: merú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *meru.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní mberu.

fly (any insect in the suborder Brachycera)

(strictly) New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax)


etama

head

etama (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tetama, R1 retama, R2 setama)

Nheengatu: etama, tama

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *etam
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní etã.

Coordinate term: oka

Cecobiárõbîrape temireco êtê, coipo menetè peretáme doâra?

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter X, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 96:

Should be replaced the true wife or true husband that are in your dwellings?


tamandûá

Nheengatu: tamanduá

→ Portuguese: tamanduá

anteater (any mammal in the suborder Vermilingua)

Akó xe îubykarûera, tataûrana, tamandûá, xe îubyk benhẽ potá!!

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 62; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

That is the one who strangled me, a stinging caterpillar, an anteater, wanting to strangle me again!

Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Myrmecophaga tridactyla#Translingual

(strictly) giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)


tataûrana

→ Portuguese: taturana

From atá (“fire”) + un (“black”) + ran (“like”) + -a.

af

Akó xe îubykarûera, tataûrana, tamandûá…!

1999, José de Anchieta, Teatro de Anchieta (play; overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Martins Fontes, page 62:

That is the one who strangled me, a stinging caterpillar, an anteater…!


anũ

Nheengatu: anú

desctree

→ Portuguese: anu, anum, ani
→? English: ani

Crotophaga ani
Crotophaga ani#Translingual


îagûara

Nheengatu: yawara

→ Portuguese: jaguara

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawar.
Cognate with Guaraní jagua.

marakaîá

bixana, *îagûatyryka, marakaîaeté, marakaîagûasu, marakaîamimbaba, marakaîamirĩ

Jau ware ſche[…]

1557, Hans Staden, quoting Cunhambebe, chapter 44, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America] (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:

Ajucancar iaguara Pedro çupe[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi não ſignificão; mas juntas a outras parstes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79v:

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

îagûapopeba

river otter (literally, “flat-footed canivoran”)


îasytatá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jat͡sɨtata. By surface analysis, îasy (“moon”) + atá (“fire”).
Cognate with Guaraní jasytata.


kaûã

Nheengatu: wakawã

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acauã, acuã, cauã, uacauã
→ English: acauã

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Cauã, Cauê, Kauã, Kauan, Kawan

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 234: “Oacaoam [Ûakaûã]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 233: “Chouä [Kaûã]”

Herpetotheres cachinnans
Herpetotheres cachinnans#Translingual

(North Tupi) laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans)


gûyratinga

Nheengatu: wirá-tinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Guiratinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨratiŋ. By surface analysis, gûyrá (“bird”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní guyratĩ.


pytanga

Nheengatu: pitanga, mitanga

tint (pale or faint tinge of any color; especially, a variation of a color obtained by adding white)


pytanga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanga
→ English: pitanga
→ Hunsrik: Pitange, Pitangebaam


îararaka

Nheengatu: yararaka

→ Portuguese: jararaca
→ English: jararaca
→ Hunsrik: Scharack
→ Polish: żararaka
⇒ Translingual: Bothrops jararaca

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jararak.
Cognate with Guaraní jarara.


tukana

Nheengatu: tukana

→ French: toucan m (see there for further descendants)

→ New Latin: tucana, Tucana

→ Portuguese: tucano m (see there for further descendants)

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.
Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.

Ramphastos toco
Ramphastos toco#Translingual


baîaku

Nheengatu: mamayakú

→ Portuguese: baiacu, baiagu

blowfish; porcupinefish (any species of fish in the order Tetraodontiformes that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe)


sagûi

Nheengatu: sawĩ

→ Portuguese: sagui

Callithrix jacchus
Callithrix jacchus#Translingual

(North Tupi) common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)


samambaîa

Nheengatu: samambaya

→ Portuguese: samambaia (“fern”)

From sama (“rope”) + paîa (“weight”), literally, “weight rope”, or more loosely translated as “pendant rope”, referring to the shape of its leaves.

lit

Tillandsia usneoides
Tillandsia usneoides#Translingual


surukuku

Nheengatu: surukukú

→ Portuguese: surucucu


gûabiraba

Nheengatu: wawirawa

desctree

→ Portuguese: gabiroba, guabiroba, gabirova, gavirova, guabirova
→ Hunsrik: Gabirob

(loosely) any tree in the genus Campomanesia


mandubi

Nheengatu: mandubí

desc

→ Portuguese: mandubi, mendubi, mendubim, amendoim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *manuβi.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní manduvi.

cog

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual


taîaoba

⇒ Portuguese: taioba

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

arrowleaf elephant's ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)


îyboîa

Nheengatu: jibuya

→ Portuguese: jiboia
→ English: jiboya


eîrara

Nheengatu: irara

desc

Portuguese: → irara, → papa-mel (calque)

⇒? English: tayra

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ar
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirar
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eîrara
From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirar + Old Tupi -a. By surface analysis, eíra (“honey”) + ar (“to drink”) + -a, literally “honey drinker”.
Cognate with Guarayu eirar and Guaraní eira.


tapi'ira

Nheengatu: tapiira

→ Portuguese: Tapira, tapira, tapiira

desctree

→? French: tapir
→ English: tapir
→ German: Tapir
→ Ottoman Turkish: طاپر
Turkish: tapir
→ Polish: tapir
→ Kashubian: tapir
→? Portuguese: tapir
→? Spanish: tapir
→ Catalan: tapir
→ Dutch: tapir
→ Tagalog: tapir
→ Swedish: tapir

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapiʔir.
Cognate with Guajajára tapi'ir and Mbyá Guaraní tapi'i.

etymon

[…]xéreimbâba tapiîra

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 14v:

Le langaige du breſiL
w:Le langaige du Bresil

Les singularitez de la France Antarctique

tapi'ikaba

Tapijra oço ogoapixara pyri[…]

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 68:


kapi'i

Nheengatu: kapiĩ

→ Portuguese: capim

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔi. By surface analysis, ka'a (“leaf”) + po'i (“slender”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'i.


sabîá

→ Portuguese: sabiá

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní havia and Paraguayan Guaraní havía.

thrush (any species of songbirds of the genus Turdus)


gûanhumũ

→ New Latin: guanhumi

desc

→ Portuguese: guaiamum, guaiamu, gaiamu, goiamu, goiamum, guaiumum


'ybakamusi

→ Portuguese: Cambuci, cambuci

A tropical fruit tree native to South America (Campomanesia phaea).


aîpĩ

→ Portuguese: aipim

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual


arasá

Nheengatu: arasá

→ Portuguese: araçá


aratiku

Nheengatu: aratikú

→ Portuguese: araticum, araticu (dated)

A tropical fruit tree native to South America (Annona crassiflora)

(loosely) custard apple (any tree in the genus Annona)


'ybapytanga

/ʔɨˌβa.pɨˈtã.ŋa/

From 'ybá (“fruit”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.


komixã

→ Portuguese: grumixama


peke'i

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pequi

Caryocar brasiliense, a tree native to the Brazilian cerrado


mani'oka

Nheengatu: maniáka

desctree

→ Portuguese: mandioca
→ Spanish: mandioca
→ Middle French: manioc
French: manioc
→ German: Maniok
→ Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
Turkish: manyok
→ Romanian: manioc
→ English: manioc
→ Lingala: manyɔ́kɔ
→ Romanian: manioc
→ Kongo: mandioko

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *maniʔok. By surface analysis, *mani + 'ok + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní mandi'o.

inh+

manioc; cassava root (Manihot esculenta)


makaxera

⇒ Portuguese: macaxeira


tare'ira

Nheengatu: tarira

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: traíra, trahira (pre-standardization spelling)
→ English: trahira
→ Hunsrik: Traira

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tareʔir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tare'y.


îabyru

Nheengatu: yaburú

desctree

→ Portuguese: jaburu, jabiru
→ English: jabiru

Jabiru mycteria
Jabiru mycteria#Translingual


îuriti

Nheengatu: yurutí

→ Portuguese: juriti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juriti.
Cognate with Guaraní jeruti.


uruku

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku, from Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku.
Cognate with Guaraní uruku.

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual


kupu'yûasu

desctree

Nheengatu: kupuasú
→ Brazilian Portuguese: cupuaçu
→ English: cupuassu
→ Spanish: cupuazú
→ Curripaco: kopowaso
→ Tariana: kupuasú
→ Yuhup: kupuwasú

From *kupu'y (“cupuí”) + -ûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

(North Tupi) cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)


migûá

Nheengatu: miwá

desctree

→ Portuguese: biguá
→ Dutch: bigua-aalscholver

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *miwa.
Cognate with Guaraní mbigua.

Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Phalacrocorax brasilianus#Translingual

neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)


mokyrana

→ Portuguese: muquirana

Pediculus humanus humanus
Wikispecies:Pediculus humanus humanus


kapi'iûara

Nheengatu: kapiwara

→ Portuguese: capivara

→ English: capybara

→ Spanish: capibara

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kapiʔiβar. By surface analysis, kapi'i (“grass”) + gûara (“eater”).
Cognate with Guaraní kapi'yva.

surf

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual


o'o

head

o'o (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute to'o, R1 ro'o, R2 so'o)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oʔo (“meat”), from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní so'o.

inh+

meat; flesh (muscle tissue of an animal)


pindoba

Nheengatu: pindawa

→ Portuguese: pindoba, pindova

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pinoβ.

etymon

Meronym: inaîá

Attalea oleifera
Attalea oleifera#Translingual

palm tree of the species Attalea oleifera


andyrá

Nheengatu: andirá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: andirá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *anɨra.

inh+

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica?
Andira ruâpee.
Panama, coipo guaiquica?
enero, cururu açica?
eri, carigueya e.
Ejori
baenẽ baepoxi
bora, miaratacaca
ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij
auye, teume xemombaca.

Angel: What is here, lying still? Is it a bat, a butterfly or a short-tailed opossum? Maybe a crippled frog? Ay opossum! Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, worm, mantis shrimp.
Saraûaîa: I'm tired, I'm sleepy. Enough! Don't wake me up!

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

bat (any flying mammal of the order Chiroptera)


ypy

Nheengatu: ipí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨpɨ (“base of a tree”), from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨpˀɨ (“tree trunk”).
Cognate with Guaraní ypy.

inh+

first (person or thing in the first position)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *ewit
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi eíra
From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eir + Old Tupi -a.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ei and Paraguayan Guaraní eíra.

etymon

honey (sweet substance produced by bees)


eíra

Nheengatu: ira

→ Brazilian Portuguese: irá

meliponine (any stingless bee of the tribe Meliponini)


a'y

Nheengatu: aí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aí, aígue
→ English: ai

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *aʔi, from Proto-Tupian *aʔi.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní a'i.

Coordinate term: una'u

brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)


kuîa

head

kuîa (possessable, IId class pluriform, absolute kuîa, R1 rekuîa, R2 sekuîa, R3 o ekuîa)

Nheengatu: kuya

desctree

→ Portuguese: cuia, cuya (obsolete)
→ Hunsrik: Kui

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kuj.
Cognate with Tocantins Asurini kosa, Cocama kuja, Aurá kwi and Tembé kuj.


kanindé

Nheengatu: kanindé

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → canindé, → Cananéia, ⇒ arara-canindé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kanine
Cognate with Guaraní kaninde.

inh+

blue-and-yellow macaw
blue-and-yellow macaw


ararakanga

Nheengatu: ararakanga

→ New Latin: aracanga (learned)

→ English: aracanga (learned)

desctree

→ Portuguese: araracanga
→ English: araracanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararakaŋ. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + akanga (“head”).


araruna

Nheengatu: araruna, arara-una

→ Portuguese: araruna, araraúna

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ararun. By surface analysis, arara (“macaw”) + un (“dark”) + -a.

surf

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus#Translingual

hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)


marakanã

Nheengatu: marakanã

→ Portuguese: maracanã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *marakanã.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní marakana.


ka'aîara

→ Portuguese: caajara

From ka'a (“forest”) + îara (“lord”), literally, “forest lord”, or more loosely translated as “the one who rules the forest”.

lit

mantis (any insect in the order Mantodea)


tukanusu

desc

→ Portuguese: tucanuçu, tucanaçu, tucano-açu, → tucano-grande (calque)

From tukana (“toco toucan”) + -usu (augmentative suffix).

af

Ramphastos toco
Ramphastos toco#Translingual

João Capistrano de Abreu
w:João Capistrano de Abreu


tuindara

Nheengatu: suindara

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suindara, suinara, suindá, tuindara, tuindá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡suinar.


agûarausá

desc

→ Portuguese: guaruçá, aguarauçá, grauçá, guriçá


siriapûã

→ Portuguese: siripuã

From siri (“crab”) + apûã (“point”), literally “pointy crab”, referring to the big thorns on its appendages.


gûaîá

→ Portuguese: guaiá, goiá, guajá


ka'aeté

desc

→ Portuguese: Caeté, caeté, caaeté, caetê, caité

common name of various plants in the order Zingiberales, namely from the families Cannaceae and Marantaceae


pakabyra

→ Portuguese: pacavira


urubutinga

/ʔuɾuβ̞uˈtĩŋa/

/ʔuɾuβ̞uˈtĩᵑɡa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruβutiŋ. By surface analysis, urubu (“vulture”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní yryvu tĩ.

surf

Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa#Translingual


kûatimundé

Nheengatu: kwatí-mundé

desc

→ Portuguese: quatimundéu, quatimundé, quati-mundéu

→ English: coatimundi

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷatimone. By surface analysis, kûati (“coati”) + mundé (“deadfall trap”). Coati bands are composed of only females and young males. When these age, they are driven away from the group and become solitary, being easily caught in traps.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kuati monde.


kûati

Nheengatu: kwatí

→ French: coati
→ Romanian: coati

desctree

→ Portuguese: quati, coati
→ Hunsrik: Quatti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷati.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kuaxi and Paraguayan Guaraní kuati.

etymon

André Thevet (1575) chapter XII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d’André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 937: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1302: “Cuati [Kûati]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter XCVIII, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 247: “Coaty [Kûati]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos quatis Texugos de portugal”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 44; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 117, line 1132: “quati [kûati]”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 251: “Couâty [Kûati]”

anonymous author (1622) “Rapoza”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 96: “Coati [Kûati]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book VI, chapter VI (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 228: “Coati [Kûati]”


gûasunĩ

Nheengatu: waxinĩ

→ Portuguese: guaxinim

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Raposo Guaçonĩ”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 119, line 1180: “Guaçonĩ [Gûasunĩ]”

Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (1618) “Dialogo quinto”, in Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil [Dialogues of Brazil's Greatnesses]; republished as João Capistrano de Abreu, Rodolpho Garcia, compilers, Rio de Janeiro: Officina Industrial Graphica, 1930, page 249: “guasuni [gûasunĩ]”

Procyon cancrivorus
Procyon cancrivorus#Translingual

crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)


gûyrapunga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araponga, guiraponga, uiraponga, iraponga
→ English: araponga

[ɡʷɨ.ɾaˈpũ.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wɨrapoŋ. By surface analysis, gûyrá (“bird”) + pong (“percussive”) + -a.
Cognate wirh Paraguayan Guaraní guyrapõ.

surf

bare-throated bellbird
bare-throated bellbird

bare-throated bellbird (Procnias nudicollis)


gûará

Nheengatu: wará

→ Portuguese: guará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wara.

Eudocimus ruber
Eudocimus ruber#Translingual

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

Pero de Magalhães Gândavo
w:pt:Pero de Magalhães Gândavo

Hiſtoria da prouincia ſãcta Cruz a qui vulgarmẽte chamamos Brasil

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae


gûará

Seta pé-pira ſeuaé
Nan[…]Kurema[…]Parati[…]Acara-pep[…]Acara-ouaſſou[…]Acara-bouten[…]Acara-miri[…]Ouara[…]Kamouroupouy-ouaſſou

1578, Jean de Léry, Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil, autrement dite Amerique [History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, also called America] (overall work in Middle French and Old Tupi), La Rochelle: Antoine Chuppin, pages 348–349:

a fish of the family Cichlidae. Further details are uncertain.


îagûasinĩ

→ Portuguese: jaguacinim

îa‧gûa‧si‧nĩ


îasytatagûasu

From îasytatá (“star”) + -gûasu (“big”).


gûyraîuba

desc

→ Portuguese: guirajuba, guarajuba, guarujuba, guaruba

/ɣʷɨɾaˈjuβa/

/ɣʷɨɾaˈʒuβa/

Guaruba guarouba
Guaruba guarouba#Translingual


gûaraîuba

→ Portuguese: guarajuba, guaraiuba, guaruba

/ɣʷaɾaˈʒuβa/


gûariba

Nheengatu: wariwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: guariba, guariva
→ English: guariba
→ French: ouarine
→ English: ouarine
→ English: warine

[ɡʷaˈɾi.β̞a]

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wariβ.
Cognate with Guaraní guaryva.

howler monkey (any monkey in the genus Alouatta)


kabaru

Nheengatu: kawarú

Borrowed from Portuguese cavalo, from Old Galician-Portuguese cavalo, from Latin caballus, possibly from Proto-Celtic *kaballos.

etymon

Cabarû repanacû.

1622, anonymous author, “Sella do caualo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume II (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 115; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

Cabarú çoce.

c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language] (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 66:

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual


kabará

Capra aegagrus hircus
Capra aegagrus hircus#Translingual


yperu

Nheengatu: iperú

shark (fish of the superorder Selachimorpha)


îagûareté

Nheengatu: yawareté

→ Portuguese: jaguaretê

îa‧gûa‧re‧té

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawarete. By surface analysis, îagûara + eté.
Coagnate with Paraguayan Guaraní jaguarete and Urubú-Kaapor jawarete.

inh+

Xe iaguarete iporu

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 66; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


pirauruku

desctree

Nheengatu: pirarukú, piraruku
→ Brazilian Portuguese: pirarucu
→ English: pirarucu
→ Japanese: ピラルクー
→ Paraguayan Guaraní: piraruku
→ Spanish: pirarucú

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pira
Old Tupi pirá
Proto-Tupian *ɨrʲuku
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *uruku
Old Tupi uruku
Old Tupi pirauruku
From pirá (“fish”) + uruku (“achiote”).

etymon

(North Tupi, hapax) arapaima (Arapaima gigas)


sygûasumẽ

Nheengatu: suasumé

Coined by Spanish Jesuit missionary Joseph of Anchieta, from sygûasu (“deer”) + mẽ (“baa, cry of a goat”).

af

cigoaçume rerecoara / oyoçu pota oiara

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “polo Moleiro” (chapter LXIX), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 170, lines 53–54; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 318:


marigûi

→ Portuguese: maruim

biting midge (small insect in the family Ceratopogonidae)


taîyby

head

taîyby (unpossessable, female equivalent sarigûeîa)


sûasu

Nheengatu: suasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃu, from Proto-Tupian *ɨt͡ʃɨ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní guaxu and Guaraní guasu.

inh+

deer (any animal of the Cervidae family)


pirãîa

Nheengatu: piranha

desctree

→ Portuguese: piranha
→ English: piranha

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pirãj. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní pirãi.

surf

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CXLIV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 301: “Piranha”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos peixes das agoas doçes”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 89; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 205, line 2296: “Piranha”

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XL, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 247: “Pyrain [Pirãî[a]]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book IV, chapter XII (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 164: “Piraya [Pirãîa]”

piranha (any carnivorous freshwater fish of the family Serrasalmidae)


kûandu

desc

→ Portuguese: cuandu, coandu, coendu, quandu

→ New Latin: coendou

→ English: coendou, coendoo (obsolete)


arabé

Nheengatu: araué

→ Portuguese: araué


'ybaremusu

From 'ybarema (“garlic”) + -usu (“big”).


apere'a

→ Portuguese: preá, apereá, pereá, piriá


'ybotyra

/ʔɨ.βɔ.ˈtɨ.ɾa/

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβotɨr, from Proto-Tupian *kˀɨp potˀɨt. By surface analysis, 'yba (“plant”) + potyra (“flower”).
Cognate with Guaraní yvoty.


ingá

Nheengatu: ingá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ingá
→ English: inga


a'yra

head

a'yra (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ta'yra, R1 ra'yra, R2 ta'yra, female equivalent aîyra)

Nheengatu: taíra

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aʔɨr (“son of a man”), from Proto-Tupian *aʔɨt (“son of a man”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní a'y.

inh+

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

first cousin once removed (son of a male first cousin)


amba'yba

→ Portuguese: ambaíba

cecropia (any tree of the genus Cecropia)


akaîueté

a‧ka‧îu‧e‧té

From akaîu (“cashew”) + eté (“true”), as to differentiate it from other Anacardium species.

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

cashew apple (accessory fruit of Anacardium occidentale)


potĩ

→ Portuguese: poti, Poti

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *potĩ.


kûatiara

→ Portuguese: Catiara

Nheengatu: kwatiára


agûaragûasu

→ Portuguese: aguaraçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awarawat͡su. By surface analysis, agûará + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní aguara guasu, aguarasu.

surf

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual


îu'iperereka

Nheengatu: perereka

→ Portuguese: perereca

From îu'i (“frog”) + pererek (“jumper”) + -a.


tatuûasu

Nheengatu: tatuwasú

→ Portuguese: tatu-açu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuwat͡su. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -ûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Guaraní tatu guasu.


sebo'i

Nheengatu: xibuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡seβoʔi (“worm”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní evo'i and Paraguayan Guaraní sevo’i.

inh+

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 44; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech/worm, mantis shrimp!


îasanã

Nheengatu: yasanã

desctree

→ Portuguese: jaçanã
→ English: jacana
→ Finnish: jassana
→ Italian: jacana
→ Swedish: jaçana
→ Translingual: Jacana

Jacana jacana
Jacana jacana#Translingual


teîú

Nheengatu: teyú

→ Portuguese: teiú, teju, tegu, tiú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teju.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju.

tegu (any lizard in the genera Tupinambis or Salvator)


teîugûasu

Nheengatu: teyuwasú

desc

→ Portuguese: teiú-açu, teiú-guaçu, → teiú-gigante (calque)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tejuwat͡su. By surface analysis, teîú (“tegu”) + -gûasu (“big”).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní teju guaxu.

surf

Argentine black and white tegu
Argentine black and white tegu

Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae)


moretĩ

Nheengatu: mirití

desc

→ Portuguese: buriti, muruti, muriti, buruti, miriti, murutim (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *muriti.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mburiti.


'yba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ (“tree”), from Proto-Tupian *ꝁɯp (“tree, stick”).

mani'yba

akaîu'yba

Ocuiracô amume îbáramboera oîbaçuí îbotîramo oicóbobê: amô racó ogoaquîra pupe y cui amóracò ogoaiubirê ycui.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do primeiro nouiſsimo, que he a morte.” (chapter I), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 157v:

The fruits sometimes fall from their tree when they are still flowers, others when green and others when ripe.


'yba

Nheengatu: iwa

'ypûã

sword handle (literally, “finger handle”)

handle; shaft (part of an object held in the hand when used or moved)


puraké

Nheengatu: puraké

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: poraquê, poroquê, puraquê

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *purake.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní porake.

inh+

Electrophorus electricus
Electrophorus electricus#Translingual

(North Tupi, hapax) electric eel (Electrophorus electricus)


marakanãarara

Primolius maracana
Primolius maracana#Translingual


ybyrapytanga

→ Portuguese: ibirapitanga, >? arabutã

[ɨ.β̞ɨˌɾa.pɨˈtã.ŋa]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨrapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, ybyrá (“tree”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní yvyrapytã.


nhanduabiîu

→ Portuguese: nhanduabiju

From nhandu (“spider”) + abiîu (“fluff”).

whip scorpion (any arachnid in the order Thelyphonida)


aîuru

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ajuru


aîurueté

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → ajuruetê, → papagaio-verdadeiro (calque)

a‧îu‧ru‧e‧té

From aîuru (“amazon parrot”) + eté (“true”).

Amazona aestiva
Amazona aestiva#Translingual

turquoise-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva)


aîká

dolphin (carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea)


mboîpeba

Nheengatu: buya-pewa

Portuguese: → boipeva, boipeba, goipeba, pepeua, pepeva, → cobra-chata (calque)

From mboîa (“snake”) + peb (“flat”) + -a. The snake flattens its body when threatened.


tatupeba

→ Portuguese: tatupeba

From tatu (“armadillo”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.

six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus)


tatueté

Nheengatu: tatueté

Brazilian Portuguese: → tatuetê, → tatu-verdadeiro (calque)

nine-banded armadillo
nine-banded armadillo

Dasypus novemcinctus
Dasypus novemcinctus#Translingual

nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)


tatu'i

Nheengatu: tatuí

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tatuʔi. By surface analysis, tatu (“armadillo”) + -'i (dimminutive suffix).
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tatu'i

surf

Dasypus septemcinctus
Dasypus septemcinctus#Translingual

seven-banded armadillo (Dasypus septemcinctus)


tatuapara

Nheengatu: tatú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuapara

From tatu (“armadillo”) + apar (“curved”) + -a.

af

Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes trincinctus)


tatugûaxima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tatuxima

greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay)


gûamaîakugûará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: baiacu-ará


taturama

Possibly from tatu (“armadillo”) + ram (“future”) + -a, because the outside of their nest is similar to an armadillo shell.

warrior wasp (any wasp in the genus Synoeca)


eirapu'a

Nheengatu: irapuã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: irapuá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eirapuʔa. By surface analysis, eíra (“bee”) + apu'a (“round”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní eirapu'a.


tataeíra

Nheengatu: tatá-ira

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → tataíra, → abelha-de-fogo (calque)

From tatá (“fire”) + eíra (“bee”), referring to its painful bite.


ysá

Nheengatu: isá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: içá


ysaúba

Nheengatu: usaíwa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saúva, saúba


mimbaba

Nheengatu: mimbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mumbavo

Kó 'ara îamoeté Tupãetéramo o ekó pupé apyabetéramo Cristo o sy suí i 'aragûera. Onhemoarûabo mba’eîare’yma îabé, ybyrá itá monhangymbyra kupépe so’o mimbaba roka ogûar gupabamo. Semiuru rupápe i xy i nongi. Ybakygûana onhemoputupab i nhemomoreaûsuba repîaka. 'Ara i pîasaba îekuakupaba.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “25. Natiuitas Dòmini. G. I.”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 9v:

On this day, we honor the birth of Christ from his mother as the true God. Becoming humble as the poor, behind a stone-made fence, he took the livestock animal's house as his lodging. His mother put him in their manger. Heaven's inhabitants were astonished seeing he humiliating himself. Day of obligation and fasting.


kabobaîuba

From kaba (“wasp”) + obá (“face”) + îub (“yellow”) + -a.

af

bee of the species Melipona (Michmelia) rufiventris


îate'i

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jataí

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jateʔi.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní jate'i.

inh+

narrow stingless bee (Tetragonisca angustula)


'ybarema

From 'ybá (“fruit”) + rem (“stinky”) + -a.


taîasu

head

taîasu (unpossessable, female equivalent taîasukunhã)

Nheengatu: tayasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: taiaçu

→ Translingual: Tayassu, Pecari tajacu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tajat͡ʃu.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tajaxu.

inh+

Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen

w:True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

Commons:File:E-rara.ch’s Histoire d’un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil 212.jpg

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

white-lipped peccary
white-lipped peccary

Tayassu pecari
Tayassu pecari#Translingual

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

(Late Tupi, hapax) white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Endete, derecemõ / ariama, tayaçu

16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter LXVIII, in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 167v, column 2, lines 27–28; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 313:

But you, chickens and pigs are plentiful.

Tajaçu remiuru.

1622, anonymous author, Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 1 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 76; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

(Late Tupi) domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica)


kupu'y

desctree

Nheengatu: kupuí, kupuaí (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: cupuí

(North Tupi) plant of the species Theobroma subincanum


mboîoby

→ Brazilian Portuguese: boiobi, boiubu

[ᵐbɔ.jɔˈβ̞ɨ]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mojoβɨ.
Cognate with Guaraní mbói hovy.

inh+

Lichtenstein's green racer (Philodryas olfersii)


sûasupytanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃɨ-wat͡ʃupɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu pytã.


sûasutinga

Nheengatu: suasú-tinga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçutinga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, sûasu (“deer”) + ting (“white”) + -a.
Cognate with Guaraní guasu tĩ.


sûasuapara

Nheengatu: suasú-apara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçuapara

From sûasu (“deer”) + apar (“bent”) + -a.

a species of South American deer with big antlers. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


sûasuarana

Nheengatu: suasuarana

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: suaçurana, Suassurana

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual


îagûapytanga

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaguapitanga

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jawapɨtaŋ. By surface analysis, îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pytang (“reddish”) + -a.

surf

Lycalopex vetulus
Lycalopex vetulus#Translingual


îagûapopeba

From îagûara (“carnivoran”) + pó (“hand”) + peb (“flat”) + -a.
Possibly cognate with Guaraní jagua pe.

af

Fernão Cardim (p. 1583) “A Treatiſe of Braſil, written by a Portugall which had long lived there”, in Samuel Purchas, transl., Francis Cooke, compiler, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes, part IV, book VII, chapter I § IIII (overall work in English), London: H. Fetherston, published 1625, page 1318: “Iaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 251: “jagoarapeba [îagûarapeba]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Lagartos”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 91; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 209, line 2353: “Jaguapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”

anonymous author (1622) “Lontra”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 24: “Iagoapopeba [Îagûapopeba]”


miaratakaka

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jaritataca, maritacaca

Come, you stinky, nasty thing, stingless bee, skunk, leech, mantis shrimp!

striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus)


sarigûeîa

head

sarigûeîa (unpossessable, male equivalent taîyby)

Nheengatu: sariwé

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: saruê, saiguê, sarigueia

Meronym: ambeaîó (“marsupium”)

Anjo. Baepe que tuj opica?
Andira ruâpee.
Panama, coipo guaiquica?
enero, cururu açica?
eri, carigueya e.
Ejori
baenẽ baepoxi
bora, miaratacaca
ceboi, tamarutaca
ſarau[aya] — Xepoeirai, xeropecij
auye, teume xemombaca.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 71, lines 483–493; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 133:

female large American opossum (any mammal in the genus Didelphis)


ambeaîó

head

ambeaîó (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tambeaîó, R1 rambeaîó, R2 sambeaîó)

Holonym: sarigûeîa


îaku

Nheengatu: yakú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaku, from Proto-Tupian *waku.
Cognate with Guaraní jaku.

typical guan (any bird in the genus Penelope)


îagûaruna

Nheengatu: yawaruna

→ Brazilian Portuguese: Jaguaruna

From îagûara (“jaguar”) + un (“black”) + -a.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

black panther (melanistic colour variant of the jaguar (Panthera onca))


îupará

Nheengatu: yupará

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jupará


petyma

Nheengatu: pitima

→ Brazilian Portuguese: petima

→ French: pétun

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *pe
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi petyma
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pe-tɨm, from Proto-Tupian *pe.
Cognate with Guaraní petỹ.

inh+

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 148; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Did you bring your tobacco? / — Here. But my fire went out. / — No problem. You there, go bring it in hiding; steal it from around here. / Here I am! My master, I flew. Here is the fire I went after. / — Yes, Tatapytera shall sit here, you there, Moroupîarûera here.

tobacco (any plant in the genus Nicotiana)


kereîûá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: crejoá

D. Aob querêjuâ coaracî çocé / Oberabae nungara, T. remimotara rupî / Acê moingoçára.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Da criação do mundo, dos Anjos, & ſua cahida” (chapter II), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 37v:

D. Like banded cotinga clothes that shine more than the sun, that make us be in accordance with God's will.


'ybagûasu

desctree

Nheengatu: babasú, iwawasá, wawasú (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: babaçu
→ English: babassu
→ French: babaçu, babassu
→ Italian: babaco

[ɨˌβ̞a.ɡʷaˈsu]

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ
Proto-Tupian *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa
Old Tupi 'ybá
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi 'ybagûasu
From 'ybá (“fruit”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Vua ouaſſouran[…]

1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “tpw”, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 222v:

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual

(Late Tupi) citron fruit (Citrus medica)


aruanã

Nheengatu: arawanã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aruanã, aruaná

(North Tupi, hapax) silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)


pirapu'ã

Cognate with Guaraní pirapuã. By surface analysis, pirá (“fish”) + pu'am (“standing”).

surf

whale (any large marine mammal in infraorder Cetacea)


eŷmbaba

head

eŷmbaba (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute teŷmbaba, R1 reŷmbaba, R2 seŷmbaba)

Nheengatu: imbawa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: xerimbabo

[ɛɨ̯ˈᵐba.β̞a]

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *eɨmaβ.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní ymba.

inh+

Ceigmbaba reco biaramo amo aimeeng yxupe.

1622, anonymous author, “Restituir o mesmo q. se tomou in specie tm. como hũa galinha por outra, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 103; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

In exchange for their livestock, I gave them another one.


nhandugûasu

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → nandu-guaçu, → nandu-grande (calque)

Cognate with Guaraní ñandu guasu. By surface analysis, nhandu (“rhea”) + -gûasu (“big”).

surf

Rhea americana
Rhea americana#Translingual


tuîuîu

Nheengatu: tuyuyú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tuiuiú

Ciconia maguari
Ciconia maguari#Translingual


kabatã

Nheengatu: kawantá, kawatã

→ Brazilian Portuguese: cabatã

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?]. By surface analysis, kaba (“wasp”) + atã (“brave”).
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní kavytã.

surf

(hapax) red paper wasp (Polistes canadensis)


arasari

Nheengatu: arasarí

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: araçari
→ English: aracari, araçari

black-necked aracari (Pteroglossus aracari)


ypeka

Nheengatu: ipeka

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨpek, from Proto-Tupian *ɨpekʲ.

Cairina moschata
Cairina moschata#Translingual

(strictly) Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)


sapukaîa

Nheengatu: sapukaya

→ Brazilian Portuguese: sapucaia
→ English: sapucaia, sapucaya

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡sapukaj.


sapukaîa

tlb

(Língua Geral Amazônica, Língua Geral Paulista)

Nheengatu: sapukaya


gûyrasapukaîa

From gûyrá (“bird”) + sapukaî (“to scream”) + -a.


mbyryki

desctree

→ Portuguese: muriqui, buriqui
→ English: muriqui

Hans Staden (1557) chapter XV, in Warhaftige [Hiſtoria und] beſchꝛeibung eyner Landtſchafft der wilden nacketen/grimmigen menſchfreſſer leuthen/in der newenwelt America gelegen [True history and description of a land of wild, naked, fierce man-eating people located in the New World of America], volume 1 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page: “Briki [Mbyryki]”

André Thevet (1575) chapter XVII, in La Coſmographie Vniuerſelle d’André Theuet [The Universal Cosmography of André Thevet], volume II (overall work in Middle French), Paris: Guillaume Chaudiere, page 951v: “Muriphguy [Byrygûi]”

Fernão Cardim (1583–1590) untitled (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Adolfo de Varnhagen, editor, Narrativa epistolar de uma viagem e missão jesuitica, Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 1847, page 98: “Buriqui [Mbyryki]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Bogios”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 43; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 115, line 1114: “beriquis [beryki]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bogio não tem genero”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 56: “Bîriggui [Byrygûi]”

muriqui (any monkey of the genus Brachyteles)


îanypaba

Nheengatu: yenipawa

→ Portuguese: jenipapo
→ English: genipap

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *janɨpaβ.
Cognate with Guaraní ñandypa.


îakurutu

Nheengatu: yakurutú

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacurutu, jucurutu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani [Term?].
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní ñakurutũ.

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXVI, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 233: “Jucurutú [Îukurutu]”

Francisco Soares (1590–1596) “Dos passaros q' andaõ de noite”, in De alguãs Cousas mais notaueis do brasil e de alguñs costumes dos Indios [Of some of Brazil's most notable things and some Indian customs] (overall work in Portuguese), page 56; republished as Antônio Geraldo da Cunha, compiler, Coisas Notáveis do Brasil (Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1966, page 141, line 1465: “Jacuritu [Îakurutu]”

anonymous author (1622) “Bufo, passaro”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 60: “Jacurutû [Îakurutu]”

Georg Marcgrave, Willem Piso (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae [Brazilian Natural History], Rerum Naturalium Historiae, book V, chapter V (overall work in Latin), Amsterdam: Elzevir, page 199: “Iacvrvtv [Îakurutu]”

South American great horned owl (Bubo virginianus nacurutu)


marakaîagûasu

Nheengatu: marakayawasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: maracajá-açu

From marakaîá (“wild cat”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

(Língua Geral Amazônica) ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)


bixana

head

bixana (?, female equivalent bixanakunhã)

Nheengatu: pixana

Adapted borrowing of Portuguese bichano + -a.


arerãîa

→ Brazilian Portuguese: ariranha

Pteronura brasiliensis
Pteronura brasiliensis#Translingual


muruanha

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: beruanha, meruanha, muruanha

Navarro derives it from meru (“fly”) + ãî (“toothed”) + -a, but the E>U change is unexplained. Possibly an alternative form *mberuanha existed, as seen in the Portuguese borrowing beruanha, but wasn't recorded.

(hapax, Late Tupi) stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)


takûare'ẽ

From takûara (“bamboo”) + e'ẽ (“sweet”).

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual

(Late Tupi) sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)


itamembeka

Nheengatu: itá-membeka


pepó

Nheengatu: pepú

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pepo, from Proto-Tupian *pepʔo.


kuré

Nheengatu: kuri

(hapax) used by swineherds to call their pigs


tamûatá

Nheengatu: tamuatá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: tamuatá, tamboatá, tambuatá

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tamoata.

inh+

armored catfish. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


îakutinga

Nheengatu: yakú-tinga

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jacutinga
→ English: jacutinga

From îaku (“typical guan”) + ting (“white”) + -a.

af

Pipile jacutinga
Pipile jacutinga#Translingual

(South Tupi) jacutinga (Pipile jacutinga)


inaîá

Nheengatu: inayá

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: inajá, anajá, anaiá, najá
→ English: inajá


inaîagûasu

From inaîá (“inajá”) + -gûasu (augmentative suffix).

af

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


agûapé

Nheengatu: awapé

→ Brazilian Portuguese: aguapé

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awape.

inh+

common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)


inaîagûasu'yba

From inaîagûasu (“coconut”) + 'yba (“tree”).

(Late Tupi) coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)


pitaûã

Nheengatu: pitawã

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanguá
→ English: pitangua

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pɨtawari.

etymon

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

boat-billed flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua)


pitangûagûasu

Nheengatu: pitawãwasú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: pitanguá-açu


murukuîá

Nheengatu: murukuyá

→ Portuguese: maracujá (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *murukuja.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní mburukuja.

passionflower (any plant in the genus Passiflora)

passion fruit (edible fruit of the passionflower)


sapaîu

→ Brazilian Portuguese: sapaju

desctree

→ French: sapajou
→ English: sapajou
→ Translingual: Sapajus

sapajou. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


takûara

Nheengatu: takwara

→ Brazilian Portuguese: taquara

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *takʷar.


kopa'yba

Nheengatu: kupaíwa

desctree

→ Portuguese: copaíba
→ English: copaiba

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Gabriel Soares de Sousa
w:Gabriel Soares de Sousa

Noticia do Brasil
w:pt:Notícia do Brasil

copaiba tree. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


agûará

Nheengatu: awará

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: → aguará, ⇒ lobo-guará

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *awara.

inh+

Aîukaukar agûará Pedro supé.

Xe gûatáreme agûará xe repîaki.

Agûaráramo ereîkó.

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual

(hapax) maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)


'ybatatã

From 'yba (“stalk”) + atãatã (“very hard”).


gûatapy

Nheengatu: watapí

desc

→ Portuguese: atapu, guatapi, uatapi, uatapu, vatapu

a very large sea snail, a univalve gastropod mollusk with a large opening


akará

Nheengatu: akará

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acará, cará
→ English: acara
→ Hunsrik: Karaa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akara.

etymon

acara (common name of various fish in the family Cichlidae)


amyîu

desctree

Nheengatu: abiú
→ Brazilian Portuguese: abiu, abio
→ English: abiu
→ Hunsrik: Abiu

(North Tupi, hapax) abiu (Pouteria caimito)


amoré

Nheengatu: amuré

desc

Brazilian Portuguese: amoré, amboré, aimoré, amoreia, moré, moreia, muré

goby. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


karakará

Nheengatu: karakará

Brazilian Portuguese: carcará, caracará

southern crested caracara
southern crested caracara

Caracara plancus
Caracara plancus#Translingual

caracara. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

southern crested caracara (Caracara plancus)

Caracara cheriway
Caracara cheriway#Translingual

northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway)

Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter LXXXV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 232: “Carácará [Karakará]”

Milvago chimachima
Milvago chimachima#Translingual

Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XXXIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 233: “Karakara [Karakará]”

Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão (1618) “Dialogo quinto”, in Diálogos das Grandezas do Brasil [Dialogues of Brazil's Greatnesses]; republished as João Capistrano de Abreu, Rodolpho Garcia, compilers, Rio de Janeiro: Officina Industrial Graphica, 1930, page 223: “guará-guará [gûaragûará]”

anonymous author (1622) “Francelho”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 143: “Carâcarâ [Karakará]”


îabutikaba

desctree

→ Portuguese: jabuticaba, jaboticaba
→ English: jaboticaba
→ Hunsrik: Schabutikaab
→ Spanish: jabuticaba

Navarro derives it from îaboti (“tortoise”) + kaba (“fat”), although the /o/ > /u/ change and the relation to the animal aren't very clear.

Historia Naturalis Brasiliae
w:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae

(hapax) jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)


sukuriîu

Nheengatu: sukuriyú

→ Portuguese: sucuri

Joseph of Anchieta (1560) chapter VIII, in Epistola quamplurimarum rerum naturalium quae S. Vicentii (nunc S. Pauli) provinciam incolunt sistens descriptionem (overall work in Latin); republished as Diogo de Toledo Lara Ordonhez, editor, Lisboa: Typis Academiae, 1799, page 10: “Çucuryúba”

Xe giboya, xe coço / xe tamuyuçu Aimbire / Çucuriju, taguato / tamandoa atirabebo / xe anhanga morope.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^(ço) [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 66v; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 124:

I'm a boa, a heron, I'm the great tamoio Aîmbiré. A anaconda, a goshawk, a shaggy anteater, I'm a people-burning devil.


kaninana

Nheengatu: kaninana

→ Portuguese: caninana

a black and yellow colubrid. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

tropical chicken snake (Spilotes pullatus)


îundi'a

Nheengatu: yandiá

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jundiá, jandiá, nhandiá
→ Hunsrik: Schundiaa

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *juniʔa.

etymon

catfish (any fish of the order Siluriformes)


gûakary

Nheengatu: wakarí

desc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: acari, cari, guacari, uacari

armored catfish. Further details are uncertain.


akaka'i

desctree

Nheengatu: wakarí, akarí (obsolete)
→ Brazilian Portuguese: uacari
→ English: uakari

(hapax) howler monkey. Further details are uncertain.


sokó

Nheengatu: sukú

→ Brazilian Portuguese: socó

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *soko.

etymon

Tigrisoma lineatum
Tigrisoma lineatum#Translingual

heron. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:

rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum)


nhamandakaru

Nheengatu: mandakarú

desctree

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mandacaru, jamacaru, mandacarú (misspelling)
→ English: mandacaru
→ Spanish: mandacaru

cactus. Further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


îuá

→ Portuguese: juá

a solanum similar to the jurubeba. Further details are uncertain.


gûyrasapukaîusu

From gûyrasapukaîa (“rooster”) + -usu (augmentative suffix), literally “big rooster”.

af

(Late Tupi, hapax) turkey (any bird in the genus Meleagris)