loco

head

loco (feminine loca, masculine plural locos, feminine plural locas)

loca (feminine)
locos (masculine plural)
locas (feminine plural)

Spanish: loco

Perhaps borrowed from Andalusian Arabic لَوْقَاء (láwqa), from Arabic لَوْقَاء (“stupid”), or from Ancient Greek γλαυκός (glaukós, “clear”). For more, see the modern Spanish descendant.

bor

Yo só muy loco entre los omnes, e la sapiencia d'ellos non es comigo, mas la de Dios; ca la que yo é non me la dieron ellos si non Dios.

c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):

I am insane among people, and their wisdom is not with me, but rather God's, for mine was not given to me by them but by God.


lief

ca aſſi diz el criador. fazed en eſta torriente muchos pozos enõ ueredes pluuia nj uiẽto en conplir ſea eſta torriente de agua. beuredes uos e ur̃as beſtias lief coſa es eſta delant el c̃ador […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

“For thus says the Creator, ‘Make in this streambed many ditches. And you will see neither rain nor wind, but this streambed will be filled with water. You and your beasts will drink. This is a light thing before the Creator […] .’”

Apocopic form of lieue; light, effortless


agro

Spanish: agro, agrio

From Late Latin ācrus, ācra, ācrum, from Latin ācer, ācris.

Si supiese … que se melezinaríe por comer agro, non lo usaríe comer atanto.

1250, anonymous, Bocados de oro 155, (as shown in the RAE's diachronic corpus, from a 1971 edition by Mechthild Crombach, for Romanisches Seminar der Universität Bonn (Bonn))

If such a person knew ... that they could get cured by eating sour food, they wouldn't eat [sweet things] as much.


grant

Spanish: gran

Fue el dia t̃cero al alba dela man. ⁊ vinẏerõ truenos ⁊ relãpagos ⁊ nuf grȧt ſobrel mõt.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 18r:

On the morning of the third day there came thunder and flashes of lightning and a great cloud upon the mountain.

Apocopic form of grande; great; big; large.


verde

Ladino: vedre

Spanish: verde (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis.

Yo maestro Gonçalvo de Verçeo nomnado
Iendo en romeria caeçi en un prado
Verde e bien sençido, de flores bien poblado,
Logar cobdiçiaduero pora omne cansado.

13th century, Gonzalo de Berceo, “Introducción”, in Milagros de Nuestra Señora:

I mister Gonçalvo de Verçeo am called,
 wending upon a pilgrimage, came to a meadow's side,
all green and not much pastured upon, with many flowers,
an enticing spot for the weary men to abide.


noveno

head

noveno m (feminine novena, masculine plural novenos, feminine plural novenas)

novena (feminine)
novenos (masculine plural)
novenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: noveno

From Latin novēnum, accusative of novēnus, from novem (“nine”).

DEl noueno grado del ſigno de gemini es la piedra quel dizen bezahar. Eſta es piedra muy preciada ⁊ muy noble.

Of the ninth degree of the sign of Gemini is the stone they call bezoar. It is a very prized and noble stone.


falso

falso (feminine singular falsa, masculine plural falsos, feminine plural falsas)

falsa (feminine singular)
falsos (masculine plural)
falsas (feminine plural)

Spanish: falso

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 41vb.
el Reẏ de iſrɫ demádo cóseio alos ppħas falſos ſi ẏrie aramot galáad. e dixieron le ſub. e á prouez ca la dara dios en tu mano. dixo ioſaphat á aq́ ppħa del criador á q́en demádaſſemos cóſejo. dixo el Reẏ acab ſi a una. a q́ q́ero ẏo mal. enúqua me dize bien ſi no mal. Micheas el fil de imbla

The king of Israel sought the counsel of the false prophets on whether he should go to Ramoth-Gilead, and they said, “Go up and have bravery, for God will give it into your hand.” [But] Jehoshaphat said, “Is there here a prophet of the Creator from whom we may seek counsel?” King Ahab said, “Yes, there is one whom I hate, [for] he never speaks to me [of] good, only evil. [He is] Micaiah son of Imlah.”


justo

justo (feminine singular justa, masculine plural justos, feminine plural justas)

justa (feminine singular)
justos (masculine plural)
justas (feminine plural)

Ladino: djusto

Spanish: justo

embio pharaon amoẏſen ⁊ aaron. E dixo les peq̃ eſta uez el criador es iuſto. ⁊ ẏo e mio pueblo ſomos peccadores. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 14v:

Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “This time I have sinned against you, and the Creator is just, and my people and I are sinners. […]”


sacerdotal

Spanish: sacerdotal

Borrowed from Latin sacerdōtālis, from sacerdōs (“priest”).

e depues ueno ſaul. ⁊ enop. e p̃ſo eſtos ſacerdotes e mato dent .Lxxx. ⁊ .v. reueſtidos de ſac̃dotal ueſtimienta

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 46r:

And then came Saul to Nob. And he took these priests and killed therein eighty-five men dressed in the priestly garments.


graf

e la coſa graf q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 17v:

And any grave matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.

Apocopic form of grave; serious; grave; major


anciano

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico

Ultimately from Vulgar Latin *anteānus. Attested in Berceo.


azur

From Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard, “lapis lazuli”).


oto

q

Spanish: oto (obsolete but found in toponyms and some derived words)

From Latin altus. Eventually replaced by the form alto, which has more learned influence.


sant

Spanish: san

c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v.
en ebrõ regno dd̃ .ij. ãnos. ebrõ a agora nõbre ſãt abraam.

David ruled over Hebron for two years. Hebron now has the name Saint Abraham.


diestro

head

diestro (feminine singular diestra, masculine plural diestros, feminine plural diestros)

diestra (feminine singular)
diestros (masculine plural)
diestros (feminine plural)

Spanish: diestro, diestra

From Latin dextrum (“right, right-hand”). Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese destro.

[…] Et q̃ deſcẽda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de om̃e q̃ tẽga en la mano dieſtra lança ⁊ en la ſinieſtra un af traſtornada.

[…] And may over this stone descend the virtue of the man with a spear in his right hand and an upturned bird on his left.


siniestro

siniestro (feminine singular siniestra, masculine plural siniestros, feminine plural siniestras)

siniestra (feminine singular)
siniestros (masculine plural)
siniestras (feminine plural)

Ladino: siniestro, סינייסטרו

Spanish: siniestro

Inherited from Late Latin sinextrum, from Latin sinistrum. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese sẽestro.


fiero

fiero (feminine singular fiera, masculine plural fieros, feminine plural fieras)

fiera (feminine singular)
fieros (masculine plural)
fieras (feminine plural)

Spanish: fiero, fiera

Dẏxo nr̃o ſẽnor amoẏſen. maduRga ala mannana ⁊ di a pharaon. Q ẏol digo q̃ dexe mio pueblo. E ſi nõblo dexare echare en el ẏenſos vaſſallos beſtias fieras. ⁊ emplir ſe an todas las caſas ⁊ todala tr̃a. E marauillar ſe an en es dẏa.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 14r:

Our Lord said unto Moses, “Rise early in the morning and say unto Pharaoh that I order he let my people go, and that should he not let them go, I will unleash upon him and his servants savage beasts, and they will fill every house and all the earth, and on that day they will be awed. […]”


vazio

vazio (feminine singular vazia, masculine plural vazios, feminine plural vazias)

vazia (feminine singular)
vazios (masculine plural)
vazias (feminine plural)

Ladino: vazio

Spanish: vacío

e dixol ue e pid uaſos atos uezinos uazios ⁊ nõ pocos. uernas ⁊ cerraras tu puerta tu e tus fijos baziaredes la oliera ſobre todos los baſſos ⁊ el pleno toldras

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar f. 43r

And he said to her “Go, and ask your neighbors for empty vessels, and not a few. You will come and shut your door. You and your sons will empty the jar of oil over all the vessels and each full [one] you will put away.”


egual

Spanish: igual

Duras son de quebrantar. ⁊ non sõ eguales en grandez. ca dellas ay grandes & dellas peq̃nnas […]

They are hard to break, and not of equal size, for they can be both big and small […]

Idem, f. 72v.
Et dela humida la que es clara ⁊ a color de lech. ⁊ es egual en todas sus partidas ⁊ a olor de fuego.

And the damp one, the one that is light and the color of milk, it is the same in all its parts, and smells like fire.


-eno

-eno m (feminine -ena, masculine plural -enos, feminine plural -enas)

-ena (feminine)
-enos (masculine plural)
-enas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ēnus, an extended form of -nus (suffix used to form distributive/collective numerals). Cognate with Catalan -è.


ric

[…] ⁊ fuxo en tierra de madian. Auia ẏ un ric om̃e q́ auẏa nõbre ietro. e raguel ſu mugier auẏa .vij. fijas. E dio la una por mugier a moẏſẽ. Eſta auie nõbre ſephora.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 12r:

[…] And he fled to the land of Midian, where there lived a rich man whose name was Jethro and Reuel, whose wife had seven daughters. And he gave Moses one of them in marriage, and her name was Zipporah.

There, before Gaza, Saint Philip baptized the rich man who was of Candace, the queen. He was from Ethiopia and had come to Jerusalem to pray at the temple. […]

Idem, f. 82v. Alli delãt gazar baptizo ſãt felip al rẏc õe q̃ era de cãdace la reẏna. ⁊ el era de ethiopia e veno a iħrꝉm al tenple orar. […]


fermoso

fermoso (feminine singular fermosa, masculine plural fermosos, feminine plural fermosas)

fermosa (feminine singular)
fermosos (masculine plural)
fermosas (feminine plural)

Ladino: ermozo

Spanish: hermoso

From Latin fōrmōsus, from fōrma (“form, figure”) + -osus (“-ose: full of”).

Laban auie .ij. fijas la maẏor auie nõbre lẏa. e la menor rachel. E lẏa. auie los oios muelles. e rachel era muẏ fermoſa. e eſta amo iacob.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 4r:

Laban had two daughters. The older had the name Leah, and the younger Rachel. And Leah had weak eyes, and Rachel was very beautiful, and it was her whom Jacob loved.


gafo

gafo (feminine singular gafa, masculine plural gafos, feminine plural gafas)

gafa (feminine singular)
gafos (masculine plural)
gafas (feminine plural)

Spanish: gafo

Eſte herodes Murio mala muerte deuẏno gafo de pues por la grãt pudor q̃ ſalẏo del ⁊ nõ lo podie ſofrir. el Miſmo ſe mato cõ .j. guchiello.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 78r:

This Herod died a bad death. He became leprous [and] then, because of the great shame which he displayed and could not bear, he killed himself with a knife.


jocundo

Spanish: jocundo

Borrowed from Late Latin iōcundus, from Classical Latin iūcundus (“delightful, pleasant”), derived from iocus (“joke”). First attested in 1438 in Juan de Mena.

mostraron rostro jocundo

1438, Juan de Mena, Coronación del Marqués de Santillana, (as shown in the RAE's diachronic corpus, from an edition by Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego, for Planeta (1989))


amariello

amariello m (feminine amariella, masculine plural amariellos, feminine plural amariellas)

amariella (feminine)
amariellos (masculine plural)
amariellas (feminine plural)

From Early Medieval Latin amārellus (“yellowish, pale”), derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

inh

[…] aſſi que ſe non puede quebrantar con ninguna coſa ſi no cõ el laton amariello que es tinto con la tutia de alexandria.

[…] so it cannot be broken with anything except with the yellow brass tainted by Alexandrian zinc oxide.

Idem, 23v.
Eſta es piedra muy preciada ⁊ muy noble. ⁊ fallan la de muchas colores. ca dellas ay amariellas claras. ⁊ otras pardas.

This is a very prized and noble stone. It can be found in many colors, for some are yellow, some are pale and some are dun.

Idem, 46r.
[…] ⁊ traen los poluos ſobre los dientes que ſon amariellos o prietos torna los blãcos.

[…] and [when] they cover yellow or darkened teeth with the dust, it turns them white.

Idem, 48v.
[…] Et las mas q dellas fallã es cabo las palmas mõteſinas. De color ſemeia ala iargõça amariella.

[…] And most of them they find among mountain palm trees. In color it is similar to yellow zircon.


menudiello

head

menudiello m (feminine menudiella, masculine plural menudiellos, feminine plural menudiellas)

menudiella (feminine)
menudiellos (masculine plural)
menudiellas (feminine plural)

Spanish: menudillo

[…] ⁊ en beuiendo lo fazen ſe en ella unas ampollas menudiellas.

[…] and when drinking it, very small blisters form on its surface.

It is covered with holes all over and seems to be made from minute worms. Its color is red mixed with dun […]

Idem, 49v. Eſta es toda forada ⁊ fecha en forma de guſanos menudiellos. De color es uermeia mezclada con pardo […]

diminutive of menudo; minute, minuscule.


celestre

Spanish: celestre

Borrowed from Latin caelestis, from caelum (“sky, heaven”). Influenced by estrella (“star”).

⁊ las colores son eſtas. La primera negra. la ſegunda parda. La tercera uermeia. La quarta amariella. la quinta blanca. la ſexta celeſtre. la ſep-tima uerde. ⁊ cadauna deſtas es otroſſi de ſu planeta. ¶ Ca la negra es de ſaturno. ⁊ la parda de iupiter; la uermeia de mars. ⁊ la amariella del ſol. ⁊ la blanca de uenus. ⁊ la celeſtre de mercurio.

And the colors were these: the first black, the second dun, the third red, the fourth yellow, the fifth white, the sixth light blue, the seventh green. Each one of these has a corresponding planet, for the black one is of Saturn, the dun of Jupiter, the red of Mars, the yellow of the sun, the white of Venus and the light blue of Mercury.


pequennuelo

pequennuelo m (feminine pequennuela, masculine plural pequennuelos, feminine plural pequennuelas)

pequennuela (feminine)
pequennuelos (masculine plural)
pequennuelas (feminine plural)

Spanish: pequeñuelo

Et q́ deſcenda ſobreſta piedra la uertud de figura de mugier con cabellos creſpos. ⁊ que tiene un ſu fijo pequennuelo ante ſi.

And may over this stone descend the virtue of the figure of the woman with the curly hair, and who has her infant son before her.

diminutive of pequenno; very young, infant.


onzeno

onzeno m (feminine onzena, masculine plural onzenos, feminine plural onzenas)

onzena (feminine)
onzenos (masculine plural)
onzenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: onceno

DEl onzeno grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra aque dizen coral en latin […]

Of the eleventh degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone they call coral in Latin […]


dozeno

dozeno m (feminine dozena, masculine plural dozenos, feminine plural dozenas)

dozena (feminine)
dozenos (masculine plural)
dozenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: doceno, docena

DEl dozeno grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra aque dizen coral negro.

Of the twelfth degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone they call black coral.


trezeno

trezeno m (feminine trezena, masculine plural trezenos, feminine plural trezenas)

trezena (feminine)
trezenos (masculine plural)
trezenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: treceno, trecena

DEl trezeno grado del ſigno de gemini es la piedra que tira el uino.

Of the thirteenth degree of the sign of Gemini is the stone that attracts wine.


catorzeno

catorzeno m (feminine catorzena, masculine plural catorzenos, feminine plural catorzenas)

catorzena (feminine)
catorzenos (masculine plural)
catorzenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: catorceno

Del catorzeno grado del ſigno de aries es la piedra aque dizen piedra de cin por que la fallan en aquella tierra q́ a aſſi nombre.

Of the fourteenth degree of the sign of Aries is the stone of Cin, so called because they find it in the land that has that name.


dezeno

dezeno m (feminine dezena, masculine plural dezenos, feminine plural dezenas)

dezena (feminine)
dezenos (masculine plural)
dezenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: deceno

From diez (“ten”) or Latin decem (“ten”) + -eno.

Del dezeno grado del ſigno de aries es la piedra que fuye dela leche.

Of the tenth degree of the sign of Aries is the stone that flees from milk […]


quinzeno

quinzeno m (feminine quinzena, masculine plural quinzenos, feminine plural quinzenas)

quinzena (feminine)
quinzenos (masculine plural)
quinzenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: quinceno, quincena

Del quinzeno grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra que pareſce enla mar quando ſube la planeta uenus.

Of the fifteenth degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone that appears in the sea when the planet Venus rises.


vermejo

vermejo m (feminine vermeja, masculine plural vermejos, feminine plural vermejas)

vermeja (feminine)
vermejos (masculine plural)
vermejas (feminine plural)

From Latin vermiculus (“little worm”), diminutive of vermis (“worm”), in reference to kermes-yielding worms.

[…] Et esto faze por q̃ a en ella natura de sufre uermeio.

[…] And it does this because it has in it the nature of red sulfur.

Idem, f. 4r.
[…] Vermeia es de color mas non mucho ca tira una grand partida a color amariella.

[…] It is red in color, but not a lot, because for the most part it is more yellow.

Idem, f. 19r.
De natura es fria ⁊ ſeca. Et de peſo liuiana por que es poroſa. Aſpera es en tiento. ⁊ de color parda con gotas uermeias.

It is cold and dry in nature, and light in weight, for it is porous. It is rough to the touch, and it is dun in color with red drops.

Idem, f. 119r.
[…] ⁊ negra de color. ⁊ aſpera. ⁊ a en ella puntos ũmeios. ⁊ aſperos. ⁊ es muy dura.

[…] and [it is] black in color, and rough, and it has rough red dots on it, and it is very hard.


veynteno

veynteno m (feminine veyntena, masculine plural veyntenos, feminine plural veyntenas)

veyntena (feminine)
veyntenos (masculine plural)
veyntenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: veinteno, veintena

c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 17r.
DEl ueynteno grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra quel dizen del algodon.

Of the twentieth degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone they call cotton [stone].


seteno

seteno m (feminine setena, masculine plural setenos, feminine plural setenas)

setena (feminine)
setenos (masculine plural)
setenas (feminine plural)

Spanish: seteno

c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f.


sennero

sennero m (feminine sennera, masculine plural senneros, feminine plural senneras)

sennera (feminine)
senneros (masculine plural)
senneras (feminine plural)

Spanish: señero

From Vulgar Latin *singulārium, from Latin singulāris (“alone, singular”). Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese senlleiro, senneiro.

Et aun faz al que el que la trae conſigo. fazel perder el miedo que los om̃es an de noche quando eſtan ſenneros.

And what it also does to he who has it with him is that it makes him lose the fear that men feel when they are alone at night.

Idem, f. 17v.
Et a tal uertud que el que la trae conſigo nol acaeſce la ymagination aq̃ llaman los oḿes demonio. nin a miedo por eſtar el om̃e ſennero de noche en tiniebra.

And its virtue is such that he who has it with him does not suffer the imagined thing men call a demon; nor is he afraid to be alone at night, in the dark.


estranno

estranno m (feminine estranna, masculine plural estrannos, feminine plural extrannas)

estranna (feminine)
estrannos (masculine plural)
extrannas (feminine plural)

Spanish: extraño

From Latin extrāneus (“strange, foreign”), from extrā (“outside”).

Et aun a otra uertud muy eſtranna. que ſi la molierẽ ⁊ la amaſſaren cõ uino ⁊ fizierẽ della como bellota. ⁊ la puſieren en la natura dela mugier, uieda que no enprenne.

And it has yet another very strange virtue; that if it were to be ground and mixed with wine and shaped like an acorn, and put inside the vulva of the woman, it would prevent her from not becoming pregnant.


fonguenno

fonguenno (feminine singular fonguenna, masculine plural fonguennos, feminine plural fonguennas)

fonguenna (feminine singular)
fonguennos (masculine plural)
fonguennas (feminine plural)

DEl .vi. grado del ſigno de libra, es la piedra aque dizẽ fonguenna […] Et la ſu forma es atal como fongo, ⁊ dend a ella eſte nombre.

Of the sixth degree of the sign of Libra is the stone they call mushroomlike […] And its shape is that of a mushroom, thus the name it has been given.


alguenno

alguenno m (feminine alguenna, masculine plural alguennos, feminine plural alguennas)

alguenna (feminine)
alguennos (masculine plural)
alguennas (feminine plural)

DEl .iij. grado del ſigno de libra, es la piedra q̃l dizen alguẽna ⁊ es la ſegunda manera de eſpuma de mar. Eſta es fallada ſiempre en forma de luna, mas q̃ dotra. De color es parda mezclada con ya quanto de cardeno. Et es foradada. bien como la primera que dixiemos. Peſada es ⁊ de natura grueſſa. Et la ſu olor es como de alga marina. ⁊ dend toma eſte nõbre

Of the third degree of the sign of Libra is the stone they call algal; it is the second kind of sea foam. It is always found in the shape of a moon, more than in any other. It is dun mixed with some purple in color. It is bored through. It is heavy and thick in nature. Its smell is like that of seaweed, thus the name it has been given.


tossigoso

tossigoso m (feminine tossigosa, masculine plural tossigosos, feminine plural tossigosas)

tossigosa (feminine)
tossigosos (masculine plural)
tossigosas (feminine plural)

Spanish: tosigoso

Su uertud es atal que preſta contra todos los toſſicos mortales. ⁊ feridas o mordeduras de beſtias toſſigoſas.

Its virtue is such that it is useful against all the lethal venoms, and the wounds or bite marks of venomous beasts.

(of a thing or substance) toxic, poisonous


vinagroso

vinagroso m (feminine vinagrosa, masculine plural vinagrosos, feminine plural vinagrosas)

vinagrosa (feminine)
vinagrosos (masculine plural)
vinagrosas (feminine plural)

Spanish: vinagroso

DEl tercero grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra a que dizẽ camorica. q̃ quiere dezir táto en caldeo como uinagroſa en este romanz.

Of the third degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone they call camorica, which means vinegary both in Chaldean and in this Romance.


suzio

suzio m (feminine suzia, masculine plural suzios, feminine plural suzias)

suzia (feminine)
suzios (masculine plural)
suzias (feminine plural)

Ladino: suzio

Spanish: sucio

From Latin sūcidus (“juicy; oily, greasy”), from sūcus (“juice, sap”). According to Corominas and Pascual (vol. Ri-X 1983:324), it is always attested with -z- until the end of the 15th century; a derivation via a Latin variant succidus (as reported in some sources such as DRAE 23rd ed.) is therefore spurious.

El manto & el brial todo ſuʒio lo ſaco
(modernized) El manto e el brial todo suzio lo sacó

between 1140-1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mío Cid 2291

His mantle and bliaut were all dirty when he took them out
(literally, “The mantle and the bliaut, he took it all out dirty”)


ponient

Tras ierico al ſol poniẽt es la quarẽtena. O xp̃s aẏuno .xl. dias & .xl. noches alli ſuſo en el mõt o quiſo tentar el diablo a xp̃s.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 31r:

Behind Jericho, toward the setting sun, is the quarantine, where Christ fasted forty days and forty nights. There, on the mountain where the Devil attempted to tempt Christ.

Apocopic form of poniente; west, westward


calient

eſta era ſue uiſta ſemblança de omne. auie .iiij. fazes acada vna. e .iiij. alas. a cada una delas e ſos pies derechos e las plantas de ſos pies como plantas de pies de berzero en tallado como el animne calient e manos de omne ujſſs alas a quatro partes.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 62r:

This was their likeness: Human in appearance. They had four faces each, and each one of them had four wings. And their feet were straight, and the soles of their feet like the soles of a calf's feet, burnished liked hot bronze. And human hands under their wings on their four sides.

[…] Et es de natura calient ⁊ humida. Et la ſu forma es atal como fongo, ⁊ dend a ella eſte nombre.

[…] And it is warm and damp in nature. And its shape is that of a mushroom, thus the name it has been given.


encastellado

encastellado (feminine singular encastellada, masculine plural encastellados, feminine plural encastelladas)

encastellada (feminine singular)
encastellados (masculine plural)
encastelladas (feminine plural)

Spanish: encastillado

From Medieval Latin incastellātus, from Latin castellum (“small fort, castle”).

[…] ſobre tod eſto dare amoab en ur̃a mano e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas ſẽnas abatredes e fizieron aſſi.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

“‘ […] And besides all this I will deliver Moab into your hands. And you will break every fortified city and every beautiful tree and every fountain of water you will stop up and every field you will ruin.’” And so they did.


sancenno

sancenno (feminine singular sancenna, masculine plural sancennos, feminine plural sancennas)

sancenna (feminine singular)
sancennos (masculine plural)
sancennas (feminine plural)

Spanish: cenceño

Uncertain. Perhaps from Latin sincērus (“pure”) or cincinnus (“curled lock of hair”).

Cõbran la carne ala noch. ⁊ nolo comades cocho. en agua ni crudo. Mas aſſado en fuego. E cõ pã ſancẽno. e cõ lechezinos agros le combran.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 15v:

They shall eat the meat that night, and eat it not cooked in water nor raw, but roasted over fire, and with unleavened bread and bitter salad greens they shall eat it.


gruesso

gruesso (feminine singular gruessa, masculine plural gruessos, feminine plural gruessas)

gruessa (feminine singular)
gruessos (masculine plural)
gruessas (feminine plural)

Spanish: grueso

é golias era armado ſobre ſo cauallo eſt philiſteo auie de alto .vj. cobdos eun palmo. e auia el ẏelmo de azero. ela loriga peſaua .v. mil libras. e el aſta de ſue mano era tan grueſſa cuemo el enſullo del texedor el fierro peſaua .dc. peſas.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

And Goliath was armed on his horse. This Philistine was six cubits and a span in height, and he had a bronze helmet, and his coat of mail weighed five thousand shekels, and the shaft in his hand was as thick as a weaver's beam; the iron [point] weighed six hundred shekels.


dolorioso

dolorioso (feminine singular doloriosa, masculine plural doloriosos, feminine plural doloriosas)

doloriosa (feminine singular)
doloriosos (masculine plural)
doloriosas (feminine plural)

Spanish: doloroso

From Latin dolōrōsus (“painful, sorrowful”), from dolor (“pain, grief”).

E nes ſos dias yo daniel era dolorioſo .iij. ſedmanas de dias. pan cobdiciadero ni carne non comj nin ui non etro en mi boca niẽ bano non fu banado troa q́s cumplieron .vij. semanas de dias

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 69:

In those days, I, Daniel, was mournful for three weeks' worth of days. I ate no no pleasant bread or meat, nor did wine enter my mouth, nor was I bathed in a bath until three weeks' worth of days passed.


firuient

Sant iuã euangeliſta fo de bethſaẏda. e p̃dico en aſia de pues lo fizo penar domiciariᵍ^([sic]) el emꝑador de roma. mãdo lo met̃ en una cuba dolio firuient.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

Saint John [the] Evangelist was from Bethsaida, and he preached in Asia. And then Domitian the emperor of Rome had him condemned, [so] he ordered he be put into a vat of boiling oil.


bazio

bazio (feminine singular bazia, masculine plural bazios, feminine plural bazias)

bazia (feminine singular)
bazios (masculine plural)
bazias (feminine plural)

Vino Josep a sos ermanos e prisieronle e despoiaronle el palio e echaronle en el pozo. E este pozo era bazio e no y avia agua.

Joseph came to his brothers, and they imprisoned him and took his robe, and threw him into a well. The well was empty, with no water there.


lonninco

1219 CE:, Aguilar de Campoo, B: AHN, MS 994, fols. 62v-63r (Plate 3)

...son or daughter, brother or sister, close [relative] or distant...

...fijo o fija ermano o ermana / ꝑminco o lonninco...


cutiano

Inherited from Latin cottīdiānus, cognate with Galician cotián, Sardinian fittianu. The change from pretonic -o- to -u- is regular before /j/, compare cuchar from Latin cochleāre (variant of cochlear).

el ladron. & ell mintroso cutiano eredaran destroymiento.

c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, cuarta parte, (ed. by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja, 2002, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares)

The thief and the regular liar shall receive their Destruction [in Hell].


mesquino

From Arabic مِسْكِين (miskīn, “poor”). First attested with the pre-literary spelling misquinos (plural) in the 10th/11th-century San Millan glosses.


judgo

From Latin iūdicum, genitive plural of iūdex (“a judge”). Compare certain adjectives in Old French derived from genitive plural nouns, e.g. ancienor (“ancient, belonging to the ancients”), francor (“French”), paienor (“pagan”).

fuero judgo
book of the law (metonymy from 'townsquare of the judges', Latin forum iūdicum)


vieio

Spanish: viejo

Ladino: viejo, vyejo

Inherited from Late Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus. Compare Leonese vieyo, Aragonese viello

Josep asked them and said, "Is your father healthy, the old man whom you say?" (...)

c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 8v Preguntolos Josep e dixo: "Es sano vuestro padre el vieio quem dixiestes?" (...)

Otroſi qi tomar azoꝛ. ó falcon. ho gauilan. uieio.(...)

Besides taking goshawk or hawk or old sparrowhawk. (...)


yusano

Inherited from Late Latin iūsānus. Synchronically yuso (“down”) + -ano (adjective-forming suffix).


bebdo

Inherited from Latin bibitus, from bibō, from Proto-Italic *pibō, from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti, from *peh₃-.