color

Spanish: color m or f

From Latin color. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese coor.

[…] &́ vieron la gĺa de iſŕl dedios. Como huebra de blãcor. &́ de cristal. ⁊ como color de los cieloˢ mõdos […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 19r

[…] and they saw the glory of the God of Israel, like a work of white and crystal, and like the color of realm of the heavens. […]


metal

Spanish: metal

Borrowed with apocope from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon).

Et es grand marauilla que el fierro que uence todos los otros metales por fortaleza que a en ſi uence lo eſta piedra por ſu ṕṕedat.

And it is a great marvel that iron, which defats all other metals due to the strength it has, is defeated by this stone due to its property.

Idem, f. 21v.
Et otroſſi ſi lo mezclan con eſtanno torna negro. ⁊ ſi con plata lo mezclan recibe la blancura della ⁊ aſſi faz con cada metal.

And also, if they mix it with tin it becomes black, and if they mix it with silver it receives whiteness from it, and likewise with every metal.


agua

Ladino: agua / אגוה

Spanish: agua (see there for further descendants)

From Latin aqua, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v. b.
Vino ioſep aſos ermanos. e priſierõ le & deſpoiarõle el palio. e echarōle en el pozo. & este pozo era bazio e no yauia agua.
Joseph came to this brothers; they imprisoned him and unclothed him and threw him into the well, and this well was empty and had no water.

Idem, f. 13v. b.
Tornarõ ſe todas las aguas ẽ ſãgre.
And all of the waters turned into blood.


argent

From Old Occitan argent, from Latin argentum, from Proto-Italic *argentom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm.

cuemos torno putána la cibdad fidel plena de iudicios : iuſticia manie enella e agora homicidio. To argent es tónado eſcoria to uino es buelto en agua.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 55v

How the faithful city full of righteousness has become a harlot! Justice dwelt within her, but now murder. Your silver has become dross and your wine has turned into water.


noche

Ladino: noche

Spanish: noche

From an earlier *noite, from Latin noctem, accusative of nox, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts, cognate with English night.


verde

Ladino: vedre

Spanish: verde (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis.

Yo maestro Gonçalvo de Verçeo nomnado
Iendo en romeria caeçi en un prado
Verde e bien sençido, de flores bien poblado,
Logar cobdiçiaduero pora omne cansado.

13th century, Gonzalo de Berceo, “Introducción”, in Milagros de Nuestra Señora

wending upon a pilgrimage, came to a meadow's side,
all green and not much pastured upon, with many flowers,
an enticing spot for the weary men to abide.


viento

Ladino: viento

Spanish: viento


fuego

Ladino: fuego

Spanish: fuego

From Late Latin focum, singular accusative of focus (“fire”), from Latin focus (“hearth”).

[…] en ſemblança delas beſtias ſuujſta cuemo braſas de fuego encendidas e ſemblanca de lampades

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 63v

[…] the appearance of the creatures was like burning coals of fire or like torches


Nilo

Spanish: Nilo

From Latin Nīlus, from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos), of Semitic origin.

[…] q́ en aquel logar o entra el grand ryo del nilo en la mar medio terrana, cria ſe y un animal que ſemeia en ſus miembros ⁊ en todas ſus fayciones ala liebre de tierra. ⁊ por endel llaman liebre marina.

[…] that in that place, where the great river Nile enters the Mediterranean Sea, there breeds an animal that is similar in its limbs and all of its features to the land hare, and thus they call it a marine hare.


cisterna

Spanish: cisterna

From Latin cisterna (“cistern, tank”), from cista (“box”), from Ancient Greek κίστη (kístē, “box, chest”).

der

vino ruben ala ciſterna. E nõ ẏuẏo aioſeph. e rõpio ſos ueſtidos cõ peſar q̃ ouo. E dẏxo nõ ẏes. yo do ẏre.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v

Reuben came to the cistern and did not see Joseph there, and he tore his clothes over the sorrow he felt, and he said, “He is not there! Where shall I go?”


sufre

Spanish: azufre

From Latin sulfur, sulphur, sulphure, from Proto-Indo-European *swelplos, from the root *swel- (“to burn, smoulder”). Compare Catalan sofre and French soufre.

[…] ⁊ puſieren cabo della un poco de ſufre. ⁊ ruciaren la piedra con agua ſaldra della fuego tan fuerte […]

[…] and should they put atop it some sulfur and spray it with water, then the stone would spit fire so strong […]

Idem, f. 13r.
& es fallada en tierra de affrica en las mineras del ſufre. Liuiana es. ⁊ fuerte de q̃brantar.

And it is found in the land of Africa, in the sulfur mines. It is light, but also hard to break.


infierno

desctree

Spanish: infierno
→ Cebuano: impiyerno
→ Tagalog: impiyerno

From Latin īnfernum; attested from 1140. Regarding the phonetics (Latin in normally becomes en in Spanish), the word was perhaps influenced or reinforced by the Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation. There were similar developments in other Romance languages.

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r. a.
e dẏxo decẽdre / al infierno dolorioſo ſo por mẏo / fijo.

And he said: "I shall descend to hell unto my son in mourning."

Idem, 8r.
e ſi perdiere a beniamin deſcen / dre en mi ueieza enel ĩfierno. e / plorar lo he ẏ.

And should I lose Benjamin I will descend to hell, in my old age, and I shall mourn him there.

(biblical) Sheol, the Hebrew term for the underworld; hell.


pharaon

Spanish: faraón

Borrowed from Late Latin pharaō, from Ancient Greek φαραώ (pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace, pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 12r. a.
Fablat agora delant pharaon & dezidle que myo padre me coyuro. […] dixo pharaon ſub & ſotierra to padre.

Speak now before Pharaoh and tell him that my father asked [something] of me. […] Pharaoh said: "go forth and bury your father".

Idem, f. 11r. b.
E ſubieron cõ el todos ſos vaſallos de pharaon. los mayores de su caſa de pharaon & todos los mayores de egypto.
And all of Pharaoh's vassals went forth with him; the elders of the house of Pharaoh and all the elders of Egypt.


ayre

Ladino: ayre

Spanish: aire

From Latin āer, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Sotil es de cuerpo ca ſe muda aſſi como el ayre que quando es claro es ella clara. ⁊ quando turuio turuia.

Its light of body, for it changes like the air; it is clear when it is clear, and cloudy when it is cloudy.


sepulcro

Spanish: sepulcro

depues eſt emp̠ador domicianus eſilio aſant iuan apoſtol e euangeliſta. euenos ala ẏſla de padmoˢ e cõuertio grãd pũeblo. e aun dia de domingo entro biuo enel ſepulcro depues reguardarõ ſos om̃s el ſepulcro e noẏ trobarõ ſino magna q̃ bullie eolio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r

After this, the emperor Domitian exiled Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, and he came to the island of Patmos and converted many people. And on a Sunday he entered the grave alive. Later, when his followers inspected the grave, they found there nothing but manna that bubbled and oil.


pedrisco

Spanish: pedrisco

I ẏo fare cras plouer pedriſco mui grãt. e nõ fue tal en egipto. des q̃ fue poblada troa agora. e tu aplega todo lo tuẏo q̃ es en el cãpo. ⁊ los q̃ nõ ſe acogierẽ alas caſas morrã del pedriſco.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 14v

“[…] And tomorrow I will make it rain a great hailstorm such that Egypt has never seen since it was settled until now. And you, bring inside all that you have in the field. And those who do not take shelter in their homes will die from the hail.”


fierro

Ladino: fierro

Spanish: fierro, hierro

Papiamentu: heru

Et aun a otra ꝑpriedat que el uidrio la obedece ⁊ tiral aſſi como la aymante tira el fierro.

And yet another property is that glass obeys it and it pulls it, just like the magnet attracts iron.


circuncision

Spanish: circuncisión

From Latin circumcīsiōnem, accusative singular of circumcīsiō, from circumcīdō (“I cut around”).

[…] Do albergo fallo el angel del ſeñor ⁊ q̃ſol matar priſo vna piedra aguda ⁊ circuncido ſo fijo ⁊ folgo edixo. Nouio de ſãgre eres acircunciſiones.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 13r

[…] Where he lodged he found the angel of the Lord, who attempted to kill him. So she took sharp stone and circumcised her son and cast it and said, “You are a bridegroom of blood [to me] through circumcisions.”


candelero

Spanish: candelero

A semi-learned borrowing from Medieval Latin candēlārius, from Latin candēla (“candle”), from candeō (“I shine, glow”).

slbor

e p̃ſo el altar de oro ela meſa e los cãdeleros e las lãpadas e todo el guarniment de oro q̃ era ẽ la caſa del c̃ador

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 76r

And he took the altar of gold and the table and the candlesticks and the lamps and all the furnishings of gold that were in the House of the Creator.


aramne

Spanish: alambre (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin *arāmen, variant of Late Latin aerāmen, derived from Latin aer-.

c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 63r. a.
e uj vn om̃e en ſu catar cuemo aramne. e una cuerda de lino en ſue mano e una canna por meſurar.

And I saw a man in its gateway [whose appearance was] like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring rod in his hand.

but leave its root, and bind it with iron and bronze to the grass

Idem, f. 66r. a. mas ſu rayz dexa. e ligala con fiero e con aramne en la yerba […]

Idem, ff. 66r. b.-66v. a.

and their wives drank the wine and they worshiped their gods of gold and silver, of bronze, iron, stone and wood.

e ſus mugieres beuiã el uino e loauan a ſos dios de oro e de plata e de aramne e de fiero e de piedra e de madero.


cantador

Spanish: cantador

From Latin cantātōrem, singular accusative of cantātor (“musician, singer”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese cantador.

dixo heliſeₛ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nó cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v

[Then] Elisha said, “The Lord of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, [for] were it not out of regard for Jehoshaphat, I would not look at you nor see you. [But] now bring me a singer.” And so when to God he sings the prophecy of the Creator will be upon him.


esmeril

Spanish: esmeril

From Old French esmeril, from Old Italian smeriglio, ultimately from Ancient Greek σμύρις (smúris).

Et ſi la pulen con el poluo daquella piedra que llaman en arauigo azumberic que es ala que nos dezimos eſmeril. eſclareſce ya quanto ⁊ fazes fremoſa.

And if it is polished with the powder of the stone called azumberic in Arabic, the one we call emery, it brightens and becomes beautiful.


tiniebra

Spanish: tiniebla

Dixo nr̃o ſẽnor amoẏſen. Tiẽt tu mano alos cielos. ⁊ ſera oſcuridat. ⁊ tẽdio moẏſen ſus manos ⁊ fue tiniebra en toda tr̃a de egipto .iij. dias […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 15r

[Then] Our Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, and there will be darkness.” And Moses stretched out his hands and there was darkness in all the land of Egypt for three days […]


mortaldat

Spanish: mortandad

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 48v. col. 1.
to / do lo compro por .L. marcos de / plata. e fizo ẏ altar. e ſac̃fico / al criador. e finco la mortaldad / en aq̃l logar

All of it he bought for fifty shekels of silver, and he made an altar and offered a sacrifice to the creator, and so the dying left that place.


amariello

head

amariello m (feminine amariella, masculine plural amariellos, feminine plural amariellas)

amariella (feminine)
amariellos (masculine plural)
amariellas (feminine plural)

From Early Medieval Latin amārellus (“yellowish, pale”), derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

inh

[…] aſſi que ſe non puede quebrantar con ninguna coſa ſi no cõ el laton amariello que es tinto con la tutia de alexandria.

[…] so it cannot be broken with anything except with the yellow brass tainted by Alexandrian zinc oxide.

Idem, 23v.
Eſta es piedra muy preciada ⁊ muy noble. ⁊ fallan la de muchas colores. ca dellas ay amariellas claras. ⁊ otras pardas.

This is a very prized and noble stone. It can be found in many colors, for some are yellow, some are pale and some are dun.

Idem, 46r.
[…] ⁊ traen los poluos ſobre los dientes que ſon amariellos o prietos torna los blãcos.

[…] and [when] they cover yellow or darkened teeth with the dust, it turns them white.

Idem, 48v.
[…] Et las mas q dellas fallã es cabo las palmas mõteſinas. De color ſemeia ala iargõça amariella.

[…] And most of them they find among mountain palm trees. In color it is similar to yellow zircon.


amariello

Spanish: amarillo

Et la color deſta piedra es mezclada de uerde con uermeio. pero la uerdura della es tan flaca que tira a amariello.

And the color of this stone is mixed between green and red, but the greenness is so slight that it tends more toward yellow.


celestre

Spanish: celestre

Borrowed from Latin caelestis, from caelum (“sky, heaven”). Influenced by estrella (“star”).

⁊ las colores son eſtas. La primera negra. la ſegunda parda. La tercera uermeia. La quarta amariella. la quinta blanca. la ſexta celeſtre. la ſep-tima uerde. ⁊ cadauna deſtas es otroſſi de ſu planeta. ¶ Ca la negra es de ſaturno. ⁊ la parda de iupiter; la uermeia de mars. ⁊ la amariella del ſol. ⁊ la blanca de uenus. ⁊ la celeſtre de mercurio.

And the colors were these: the first black, the second dun, the third red, the fourth yellow, the fifth white, the sixth light blue, the seventh green. Each one of these has a corresponding planet, for the black one is of Saturn, the dun of Jupiter, the red of Mars, the yellow of the sun, the white of Venus and the light blue of Mercury.


aguaducho

Spanish: aguaducho

From Vulgar Latin aquiductus, alteration of aquaeductus.

[…] alli do el ryo naſce ay unas muy grandes & otras pequénas como de otras piedras; non pueden traer estos aguaduchos ſi non las menores.

[…] there at the source of the river are both very large and small stones, like others, but these currents cannot carry but the smaller ones.

Idem, f. 62v.

And therefore the stones that lie in that cave they cannot reach but in this manner; when the river grows and becomes a large torrent.

Et eſtas piedras que yazen en aquella cueua no las pueden ende auer ſi no deſta guisa. que quando crece el ryo por grand aguaducho.


estanno

Spanish: estaño

From Latin stannum (“silver-tin alloy, tin”), of Celtic origin.

Et otroſſi ſi lo mezclan con eſtanno torna negro. ⁊ ſi con plata lo mezclan recibe la blancura della ⁊ aſſi faz con cada metal.

And also, if they mix it with tin it becomes black, and if they mix it with silver it receives whiteness from it, and likewise with every metal.


Ossa Menor

Spanish: Osa Menor

Calque of Latin Ursa Minor (literally “lesser she-bear”).

calque

Et la eſtrella que es enel cabo dela oſſa menor aque llaman el cabrito de benanays a poder ⁊ ſennorio ſobreſta piedra.

And the star on the rear of the Little Bear, the one they call the goat kid of Benanays, has power and dominion over this stone.


Ossa Mayor

Spanish: Osa Mayor

Calque of Latin Ursa Maior (“greater she-bear”).

Et la eſtrella que es en cabo dela oreia delantera dela oſſa mayor a poder ſobreſta piedra ⁊ della recibe la fuerça ⁊ la uertud.

And the start that is on the front ear of the Great Bear has power over this stone, and it receives its strength and virtue from it.


çumo

Ladino: sumo

Spanish: zumo

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زُوم (zūm).

Et ſi eſta piedra moiaren en el çumo que ſale de la yerba aque llaman aſſafetida pierde la uertud.

And if they wet this stone in the juice produced by the herb they call asafetida, it loses its virtue.


vermejo

head

vermejo m (feminine vermeja, masculine plural vermejos, feminine plural vermejas)

vermeja (feminine)
vermejos (masculine plural)
vermejas (feminine plural)

From Latin vermiculus (“little worm”), diminutive of vermis (“worm”), in reference to kermes-yielding worms.

[…] Et esto faze por q̃ a en ella natura de sufre uermeio.

[…] And it does this because it has in it the nature of red sulfur.

Idem, f. 4r.
[…] Vermeia es de color mas non mucho ca tira una grand partida a color amariella.

[…] It is red in color, but not a lot, because for the most part it is more yellow.

Idem, f. 19r.
De natura es fria ⁊ ſeca. Et de peſo liuiana por que es poroſa. Aſpera es en tiento. ⁊ de color parda con gotas uermeias.

It is cold and dry in nature, and light in weight, for it is porous. It is rough to the touch, and it is dun in color with red drops.

Idem, f. 119r.
[…] ⁊ negra de color. ⁊ aſpera. ⁊ a en ella puntos ũmeios. ⁊ aſperos. ⁊ es muy dura.

[…] and [it is] black in color, and rough, and it has rough red dots on it, and it is very hard.


nieue

Spanish: nieve

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *nevis, from Latin nix (“snow”).

De color es muy blanca tanto q̃ ſemeia pedaço de nieue elada ⁊ no a claridat ni la paſſa el uiso.

It is very white in color, so that is looks like a piece of frozen snow; and it has no transparency, nor can one see through it.

Idem, f. 96r.
Et la uertud della es atal q̃ si la puſierẽ en logar do fazẽ danno lluuias o nieues, tuelle lo.

And one of its virtues is such that if were placed where the rain or the snow cause harm, it stops it.


lagrema

Ladino: lágrima

Spanish: lágrima

Et los fiſicos daquella tierra queman este algodon ⁊ fazen lo poluos ⁊ meten los en los oios por q́ tuelle la lagrema ⁊ toda la humidat que a en ellos.

And physicians from that land burn this cotton and turn it into a dust they use on the eyes, because it removes tears and all the moisture from them.


yesso

Spanish: yeso

From Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos).

DEl .xxv. grado del ſigno de capricornio, es la piedra aque dizen del yeſſo. Piedra es blanda ⁊ de color blãca ⁊ ligera de quebrantar.

Of the twenty-fifth degree of the sign of Capricorn is the stone they call gypsum. It is a soft stone, white in color, and easy to break apart.


bellinno

Spanish: beleño

Et ſu uertud ſe mueſtra contra los otros toſſicos. ſi non contra aquellos que naſcen de tierra. por que ſon de natura frios. aſſi como mandragoras. o bellinno, o otras coſas que ſon daquella natura.

And its virtue is shown against the other poisons, those that sprout from the earth, because they are cold by nature; such as mandrakes, or henbane or other things of that nature.

Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger#Translingual


albuhera

Spanish: albufera

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic اَلْبُحَيْرَة (al-buḥayra), from Arabic بُحَيْرَة (buḥayra, “lake”).

[…] en una cueua muy fonda en que a una albuhera quadrada. ⁊ en medio de aquella albuhera aun foyo en que mana agua uerde […]

[…] in a very deep cave in which there is a square pool. And in the middle of that pool there is a hole from which green water wells up […]

Idem, f. 47r.

And they find it in the land they call Azench, on a hillock that is near a bitter pool. And the water of this lagoon is contrary to all others.

Et eſta fallan en la tierra aq́ dizen azench en un otero que es çerca del albuhera azeda Et el agua deſta laguna es contraria de todas las otras.


tempestat

Spanish: tempestad

From Latin tempestās, tempestātem, based on tempus (“time”).

DEl ſeteno grado del ſigno de tauro es la piedra que tira los hueſſos Et fallan la en la yſla de ſardenna aſſi q̃ quando faz grand tẽpeſtat en la mar, echan las ondas eſtas piedras ala oriella.

Of the seventh degree of the sign of Taurus is the stone that pulls the bones. It is found on the island of Sardinia, so that when there is a great storm at sea, the waves cast these stones onto the shore.


tiempo del verano

osp-noun

tiempo del verano m (usually uncountable)

A compound akin to English summertime, from Old Spanish tiempo (“time; season”) + verano (“summer”).

compound

⁊ quando ſe ſecan en tiempo del uerano, fallan y eſtas piedras.

And when [the cisterns] dry up in the summertime, the stones may be found inside.


rucio

Spanish: rocío

From Latin rōscidus (“dewy”), from rōs (“dew”).

Reſpuſo ẏſaac ⁊ dẏxo. De groſſura de la tierra ⁊ del ruçio ſera tu bẽdicion. De los cieloˢ ſera tu bendicion. Sobre tu eſpada biuras. E ato ermano seruiras. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 4r

Isaac answered and said, “Your blessing shall be away from the fatness of the earth and from the dew. Your blessing shall be away from the heavens. You shall live by the sword and your brother you shall serve. […] ”


encienso

Spanish: incienso

From Latin incēnsus, from incendō (“set on fire”).

dixo nr̃o señor amoẏſen dia eleaçar fijo de aaronel el ſaçerdot q̃ alce los enſençarios dẽtre los q̃mados e ſera en la obra del ara por remẽbrãça afijos iſrael q̃ nõ ſe aguen aom̃e q nõ ſea delinage. daaron por encenſar el encienſo delant el ſeñor.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 23r

And Our Lord said unto Moses, “Tell the priest Eleazar son of Aaron to take up the censers out of the burning and to place them over the altar as a memorial to the children of Israel that they should draw no man that is not of the seed of Aaron to cense incense before the Lord.”

[…] and he convened the assembly of the princes of Sodom and the city of Gomorrah, and he said, “Offer no more sacrifices in vanity; your incenses, your new moons and the Sabbaths you convene you will not understand with your heart […]”

Idem, f. 56v. […] e clamolos aſemblant de los prĩcebs de ſodoma el pueblo de gomorra. e dixo non adugades mas ſacrificios de uanidad ur̃os encẽſos ur̃os cabos de lunes e ur̃os ſabbados q̃ clamades nõ los entendrã cõ ſo coraçõ […]


lenna

Ladino: lenya

Spanish: leña

From Latin ligna, plural of lignum (whence lenno).

Caẏo fuego del ſẽnor e ardio el holocauſt e la lẽna ⁊ las piedras e el poluo ⁊ el agua q̃ era enla cequia.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 34r

The fire of the Lord fell and burnt the offering and the wood and the stones and the dust and the water that was in the trench.


diluuio

Spanish: diluvio

From Latin dīluvium, from dīluō (“I wash away”).

Qvando entro noe en el archa auẏe .dc. annos e fue el diluuio de las aguas abrieron ſe todas las fõtanas del abiſmo ⁊ fueron abiertas las fẏnieſtras de los cielos e plouio ſobre la tr̃a .xL. dias ⁊ .xL. noches.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 37r

When Noah entered the ark he was six hundred years old. And the deluge of the waters took place. All the fountains of the deep were opened and the windows of the heavens were opened. And it rained upon the earth forty days and forty nights.


nuue

Ladino: nuve

Spanish: nube

From Latin nūbem, singular accusative of nūbēs.

Aqui taio nr̃o ſẽnor firmança cõ el ⁊ diol todas las creaturas a ſo ſeruicio e diol ſenal ⁊ dixol. porne mẏo arco en nuues de los cielos euerloan por remẽbrança el firmamẽto del ſieglo entre dios ẏ el õe

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 37v

Then Our Lord established a covenant with him, and He put all creatures at his service. And he gave him a sign and said to him, “I will set my bow in the clouds of the heavens. And you will see it in heaven as a reminder of the pact between God and man”.


torriente

Spanish: torrente

From Latin torrentem, singular accusative of torrēns (“rushing stream”).

ca aſſi diz el criador. fazed en eſta torriente muchos pozos enõ ueredes pluuia nj uiẽto en conplir ſea eſta torriente de agua. beuredes uos e ur̃as beſtias lief coſa es eſta delant el c̃ador […]

“For thus says the Creator, ‘Make in this streambed many ditches. And you will see neither rain nor wind, but this streambed will be filled with water. You and your beasts will drink. This is a light thing before the Creator […] .’”


estrumento

From Latin īnstrūmentum (“instrument, tool”), from īnstruō (“I build, construct”).

[…] agora ſet adobados q́ qualora los eſtrumentos oyerdes echar uos edes e humillar uos edes ala ymagen del oro q́ fiz e ſi non la adorardes ſeredes metudos en el fuego del camino ardient e qual es el dios q́ uos puda enparar de mj mano

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 65v

“ […] Now be ready, for at the time you hear the instruments you will prostrate yourselves and humble yourselves before the image of gold I have made. But should you not worship it, you will be cast into the fire of the blazing furnace; and who is the god that can deliver you out of my hand?”


roydo

Spanish: ruido

From Latin rugītus (“roar, bellow”), from rugiō (“I roar, bellow”).

E. ppħize cuemo me acomendado e fue roydo quant ppħize cuemo tempeſtad. Aplegaronſe los hueſos a hueſos e carne e ſobre ellos nerbios e carne crubio ſobrellos cuero de ſuſo ſp̃u nõ auia en ellos.

And I prophesied as He had commanded me, and when I prophesied there was a noise like a storm. Bones to bones came together, and flesh; and tendons and flesh over them, [and] skin covered them from above. [But] there was no breath in them.


fauonno

From Latin favōnius, from faveō (“I favor”).

Clamo amoẏſẽ ⁊ a pharaon. e dixo peq̃ al ur̃o ſẽnor dios. Rogat por mi q̃ me ꝑdone eſta uez ſola. E riedre deſobre my eſta muert. Rogo moiſen al nr̃o ſẽnor. ⁊ veno uiẽto de fauõno ⁊ echo toda la langoſta en la mar. por todo eſto non dexo fijos de ẏſrael.

Pharaoh called Moses and said, “I have sinned against your Lord God. Pray that He forgive me just this once, and that he remove this death from over me.” [So] Moses prayed to Our Lord, and the west wind came and cast all the locusts into the sea. [But] after all of this he did not let the children of Israel go.