pez

Spanish: pez

Et a tal uertud que ſi la ponẽ ſobre mill peſos de pez faz los feruir por ſu p̃p̃dat biẽ como si estudieſſen a fuego.

And its virtue is such that if it is put over a thousand weights of pitch, it lights them due to its property, as if they were on fire.


pie

Ladino: pye

Spanish: pie

From Latin pedem, singular accusative of pēs, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Vinierõ al flũ con el arca del teſtamẽt e q̃ndo cataron los pies de los ſac̃dotes enel agua partierõ ſe las aguas adieſtro ⁊ aſinieſtro e eſtidierõ cuemo mõtõ […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 28r:

They came to the river with the Ark of the Testimony, and when the feet of the priests touched the water the waters parted to the right and to the left, and they stood up like a heap […]


cuerpo

Spanish: cuerpo

From Latin corpus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-.

[…] depues uino en roma. e alli lo fizo el cruel nero degollar. e de ſo cuerpo salio lech en logar de ſãgre.

c. 1200, Almerich, w:Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

[…] and then he came to Rome, and there the cruel Nero had him beheaded, and from his body flowed milk instead of blood.


natura

Ladino: natura (Latin spelling), נאטורה (Hebrew spelling)

Spanish: natura

Et aun a otra uertud muy eſtranna. que ſi la molierẽ ⁊ la amaſſaren cõ uino ⁊ fizierẽ della como bellota. ⁊ la puſieren en la natura dela mugier, uieda que no enprenne.

And it has yet another very strange virtue; that if it were to be ground and mixed with wine and shaped like an acorn, and put inside the vulva of the woman, it would prevent her from not becoming pregnant.


ala

Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)

Spanish: ala

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
la p̃mera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q̃ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como om̃e se leuãtaua

The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.


marido

Ladino: maredo, marido

Spanish: marido
Chavacano: marido

From Latin marītus, from mās (“a male”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese marido.

vna mugier delos ppħtas clamo aeliſeuₛ ppħta edixol. To ſieruo mio marido es muerto e to ſabet q̃ fue temient del c̃ador afe do uiene eldebdor q̃ p̃ndras dos mios fijos por ſos ſieruos

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Now] the wife of one of the prophets cried out to Elisha the prophet and said to him, “Your servant, my husband, is dead, and you know that he was one who feared the Creator. And lo, his creditor is coming [and] he will take for himself my two sons as his slaves.”


boca

Ladino: boka (Latin spelling)

Spanish: boca

All those who did not kneel their knees before the idol and all the mouths that did not kiss her […]

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 34r. b. Todos aq̃llos / q̃ nõ fincaron los ynojos / ala ydola e todas las bocas q̃ / la no beſaron […]

The prophet said: "that which the creator puts in my mouth, that is what I shall speak."

Idem, f. 42r. a. dixo el ppħa lo q̃ el criador puſie / re em mi boca eſſo fablare […]


cabello

Spanish: cabello

From Latin capillum, accusative of capillus.

Et a eſte nombre por que ſegund dize ptholomeo naſcen en aquella tierra en los arboles unas fructas en figuras de mugieres ⁊ cuelgan por los cabellos.

And it has this name because, according to Ptolemy, fruits in the shape of women grow on the trees of that land, and they hang by the hair.


vientre

Ladino: vientre

Spanish: vientre

Inherited from Latin ventrem (“stomach, belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *wend-tri-.

inh+

& combatian se en el vientre.

13th century, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page 3va:

And they fought amongst themselves in the womb.


espalda

Ladino: espalda (Latin spelling)

Spanish: espalda

From metathesis of Vulgar Latin *spatla(m), from Late Latin spatulam, accusative of spatula (“broad, flat piece”), from classical Latin spatha.

[…] la uertud de figura de mugier con alas que eſte leuantada en pie. ⁊ con los cabellos luengos echados atras. ⁊ eſparzidos ſobre las eſpaldas.

[…] the virtue of the figure of the winged woman who is standing on one foot, her hair long and drawn back, and spread over her back.


diente

Ladino: diente, דיינטי

Spanish: diente

Inherited from Latin dentem, dēns, from Proto-Italic *dents, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts, *h₃dónts.

[…] auie .iij. ordenes de dientes en su boca […]

13th century, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page 67va:


cuello

Spanish: cuello (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin collum. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese colo and Old French col.

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5r. a.
Corrio eſau aencuẽtro de ſo ermano. E abraçol & echo ſobre ſo cuello el braço.

Esau ran to meet with his brother, then he hugged him and put his arm over his neck.

Idem, f. 61r. a.

He said these words throughout the city of Jerusalem while walking with the chain around his neck

Eſtas palabras hyua diziendo por la uilla de ih̃r̃l̃m e yua cõ la cadena enel cuello


figado

Ladino: ligado

Spanish: hígado

From Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

inh

dixo el angel abrel e trayent coraçon e el figado & la fiel e cõ eſto ſanara to padre aſſi lo fizo.

13th century, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page 35vb:

the angel said: "open it and take out the heart, the liver and the gall, and with them your father will be healed", and so he did.


faz

Spanish: haz, faz


cabeça

Ladino:

Hebrew script: קאב׳יסה

Latin script: kavesa

Spanish: cabeza

From Vulgar Latin capitia, from the neuter plural accusative of capitium (“covering for the head”) (reanalyzed as a feminine singular), from caput (“head”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6v. col. 2.
dixo ſõnaua q̃ tenẏa / .iij. canaſtiellos. blãcos ſobre / mẏ cabeça. en el canaſtiello ſu / ſano auẏa del comer de phara / on. E las aues del cielo comien / del canaſtiello ſobre mẏ. cabeça

he said: "I dreamt I had three white baskets on my head, and on the uppermost basket was all that which the pharaoh ate, and the birds of the sky ate from the basket upon my head."


braço

Ladino: braso

Spanish: brazo

From Latin brachium, bracchium (“forearm, arm”), from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn, “arm”).

Corrio eſau aencuẽtro de ſo ermano. E abraçol ⁊ echo ſobre ſo cuello el braço. E ſaludolo. ⁊ omillos eſau. E toda ſu cõpãna de iacob.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5r:

Esau ran to meet his brother, and he embraced him and put his arm over his neck. And he greeted him and bowed before Esau, and so too all of Jacob's company.


suegra

Ladino: suegra

Spanish: suegra

Inherited from Late Latin socra, from Latin socrus, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂, whence German Schwieger/schwieger-.


fruente

Spanish: frente
→ Portuguese: frente

Lidio dd̃ cõ el philiſteo epriſo dd̃ .v. piedras. dela torrient. emetiolas en ſue talega epuſola una enla fonda e diol enla fruente ematol. e vino a el etomo el eſpada. de golias. etaiol la cabeça. el eſpada ela cabeça aduxola aieruſalem.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

David fought the Philistine. And David took five stones from the stream and put them in his pouch. And he put one in his sling and struck him in the forehead and killed him. And he approached him and took Goliath's sword and cut off his head. And the sword and the head he brought to Jerusalem.


cuer

Spanish: cor

From Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.

Fizo ioiade taiamiento con el reẏ e con el pueblo que ſiruieſſen al ćador de buen cuer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 58r:

Jehoiada made a covenant with the king and with the people, that they should serve the Creator with a good heart.


pulmon

Spanish: pulmón

Borrowed from Latin pulmōnem, pulmō, from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō.

Et preſta mucho en el arte de fiſica. ca ſi dierẽ della molida a beuer a qui se faze tiſſico. o al que a llagaſen el pulmon ſana.

And it is very useful in the art of physic, for if it is given ground to drink to someone with tuberculosis, or whose lung has ulcers, they heal.


coraçon

Ladino: korasón

Spanish: corazón (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin *corāceōnem, derived from Latin cor.

con obras de amor é coraçon puro.

a. 1430, Juan Alfonso de Baena, Cancionero de Baena:

with the labours of love and a pure heart.


ermana

osp-noun

ermana f (plural ermanas, masculine singular ermano, masculine plural ermanos)

ermanas (plural)
ermano (masculine singular)
ermanos (masculine plural)

Ladino: ermana

Spanish: hermana

Feminine form of ermano (“brother”), or from Latin germāna.

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 23v. a.
emurio alli mariã el ermana de aron q̃ nõ auiã q̃ comer nĩ q̃ beuer

and there died Miriam, the sister of Aaron, who had nothing to eat or to drink

Idem, f. 80v. b.
alli eran maria & marta ermanas delazaro el q̃ ressucito ih̃u x̊
there lived Mary and Martha, sisters of Lazarus, the one whom Jesus Christ had resurrected


circuncision

Spanish: circuncisión

From Latin circumcīsiōnem, accusative singular of circumcīsiō, from circumcīdō (“I cut around”).

[…] Do albergo fallo el angel del ſeñor ⁊ q̃ſol matar priſo vna piedra aguda ⁊ circuncido ſo fijo ⁊ folgo edixo. Nouio de ſãgre eres acircunciſiones.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 13r:

[…] Where he lodged he found the angel of the Lord, who attempted to kill him. So she took sharp stone and circumcised her son and cast it and said, “You are a bridegroom of blood [to me] through circumcisions.”


rodiella

Spanish: rodilla

From Late Latin rotellam, accusative of rotella, diminutive of Latin rota (“wheel”).

Et la eſtrella que es en la rodiella dieſtra dela mugier cadenada a poder ⁊ ſennorio ſobreſta piedra […]

And the star in the knee of this woman in chains has power and dominion over this stone […]

And the star in the knees of the woman sitting on the chair has power over this stone […]

Idem, f. 7v. Et la eſtrella que es ſobre las rodiellas dela mugier q̃ eſta aſſentada en la ſiella a poder ſobreſta piedra […]


ynojo

Spanish: hinojo

Inherited from Late Latin genuculum, alteration of Latin geniculum, diminutive of genū (“knee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognate to Old Galician-Portuguese gẽolho.

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 33v. b.
e / mandol el nr̃o sennor q̃ quãdo / vinieſſe al agua q̃ todos fincaſ / ſen los ynojos e beurien del / agua cõ las bocas como canes

And our Lord ordered him that when he came to the water [he should separate] all those [who] kneeled their knees and those who drank from the water with their mouths like dogs.

All those who did not kneel their knees before the idol and all the mouths that did not kiss her […]

Idem, f. 34r. b. Todos aq̃llos / q̃ nõ fincaron los ynojos / ala ydola e todas las bocas q̃ / la no beſaron […]


melezina

Ladino: melezina

Spanish: melecina (obsolete)

From Latin medicīna, from medicus (“physician”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese meezinha.

Et los fiſicos metẽ deſta piedra una poca en las melezinas que fazẽ por eſtãcar las grãdes malazones.

So physicians put some of this stone in the medicines they make to lighten grave illnesses.

Idem, f. 22r.
Et eſta es melezina muy bona pora las llagas. ca las faz madurar ayna ⁊ uenir a uenino ⁊ come la carne mala que se faze en ellas.

And this is a very good medicine for wounds, for it makes them heal soon and become benign, and it eats the dead flesh around them.


ninniella

[…] fazen della alcohol pora ſanar el albura del oio que ſe faz manziella. & otroſſi la ninniella que quiere salir del por grand dolor.

[…] they make alcohol from it to cure the whiteness of a blemished eye and another for the pupil that is popping out from it due to a great pain.


touiello

Spanish: tobillo

From Vulgar Latin *tūbellum, a diminutive of Latin tūber (“hump, bump”).

Et la eſtrella que es ſobrel touiello del poſtremero pie del ſigno de aries a fuerça ⁊ ſennorio ſobresta piedra & della recibe la fuerça & la uertud.

And the star on the ankle of the furthest foot of the sign of Aries has power and dominion over this stone; it receives its power and virtue from it.


sennal

Spanish: señal

From Medieval Latin signāle, based on Latin signum (“mark, sign”).

Et ſi los poluos della ſobre las ſennales delas llagas ponen tuelle las.

And if the dust is [applied] over the signs of a sore, it heals them.


munneca

desctree

Spanish: muñeca
→ Aymara: muñik’a
→ Bikol Central: munyeka
→ Catalan: monyeca
→ Chamorro: muñeka
→ Galician: boneca
→ Hiligaynon: monyeka
→ Moroccan Arabic: منيكة (munīka)
→ Portuguese: boneca, bonecra (obsolete or regional)
→ Malay: boneka
Indonesian: boneka
→ Tetum: boneka
→ Portuguese: munheca
→ Tagalog: manyika
→ Tausug: munyika'

Pero eſto ſera mas cõplida miente deſcendiendo ſobresta piedra la ũtud de figura de mano de om̃e dela mũneca arriba. eſtãdo abierta.

But this will be better achieved if the virtue of the figure of the hand of the man with his wrist held up descends on this stone, when it is open.


estentino

From Latin intestīnum (“gut, intestines”), from intestīnus (“internal, intestinal”), from intus (“within”).

[…] si dierẽ del poluo della a beuer peſante de quatro dragmas al q́ a dolor en el eſtentino a que llaman colon ſana luego.

[…] if they were to give four drams of weight of it powdered to drink to someone whose gut, the one they call colon, ached, he would be cured.

Et ſu uertud es atal. que ſana dela dolor del eſtomago ⁊ delos eſtentinos aqui la trae colgada ſobrellos.

And its virtue is such that it cures the aches of the stomach and the intestines of whoever has it hanging over them.

(anatomy, usually in the plural) innards, intestines


estomago

Spanish: estómago

From Latin stomachus, from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos).

Idem, f. 62v.
[…] ſi dieren della a beuer peſo de una dragma al que la beue fazel perder toda la fuerça del retenimiento del eſtomago. ⁊ el apetito de comer.

[…] if they were to give someone to drink of it the weight of one dram, the drinker would lose containment of his stomach and his appetite.


huesso

Ladino: gueso

Spanish: hueso

From Latin ossum, alternative form of os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁.

Et por ende es bona en la arte de cirulgia pora tirar los hueſſos q̃ ſõ q̃brados en los cuerpos delos om̃s por llaga o por quebrátadura.

And there it is good in the art of surgery for pulling the bones that are broken in people's bodies due to a wound or a breaking.

Idem, f. 64r.
Et la su forma es deſta guisa. que de la part que ſe tiene con el hueſſo es llana ⁊ dela parte de fuera contral cuero es alta ⁊ redonda.

And its shape is in this manner: the part held against the bone is flat, and the outside part, [the part] held against the skin, is tall and rounded.


cirulgia

Spanish: cirugía

From Latin chīrūrgia, from Ancient Greek χειρουργίᾱ (kheirourgíā).

Et por ende es bona en la arte de cirulgia pora tirar los hueſſos q́ ſó q́brados en los cuerpos delos oḿs por llaga o por quebrátadura.


lagrema

Ladino: lágrima

Spanish: lágrima

Et los fiſicos daquella tierra queman este algodon ⁊ fazen lo poluos ⁊ meten los en los oios por q́ tuelle la lagrema ⁊ toda la humidat que a en ellos.

And physicians from that land burn this cotton and turn it into a dust they use on the eyes, because it removes tears and all the moisture from them.


enzia

Spanish: encía

From Latin gingīva. According to Corominas and Pascual, also attested as enziva, cf. Asturian enxiva~xenxiva.

Eſta piedra preſta mucho al podrimiento delos dientes ⁊ delas enzias. ⁊ mata los guſanos que se fazen en ellos. ⁊ faz los blancos & fremoſos.

This stone is very good for the rotting of the teeth and gums. And it kills the worms that form in [teeth], and it makes them white and beautiful.


rennon

Spanish: riñón

From Vulgar Latin *rēniō, from Latin rēn.

c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 56r.

Et ſu uertud es atal. que qui beue della peſo de media dragma, q́branta la piedra que ſe faze en la uexiga o en el rennon.

And its virtue is such that he who drinks of it the wright of one drachma, it shatters the stone that forms in the bladder or the kidney.

Idem, f. 102r.
[…] ſana la piedra que ſe faze en la uexiga. o en los rennones. ¬ la quemazon que uiene por goteamiento dela orina.
[…] it heals the stone that forms in the bladder and the kidneys, and the burning caused by the dripping of urine.


ceruiz

Spanish: cerviz

From Latin cervīcem, singular accusative of cervīx, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”).

⁊ eli el ſac̃dot era vieio. e auie .Lxxxxviij. ãnos Qvando oẏo estas nueuas echos ariedro dela ſiella en q̃ ſedie erõpio las ceruizes emurio

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 45v:

And Eli the priest was old, and he was ninety-eight years old. When he heard these news, he fell backward from the chair on which he sat and broke his neck and died.


nerbio

Spanish: nervio

Inherited from Latin nervus, either through niervo with metathesis of /j/; or more likely from the by-form nervia n pl or f, with /j/ raising the stressed vowel and blocking its diphthongization.

E. ppħize cuemo me acomendado e fue roydo quant ppħize cuemo tempeſtad. Aplegaronſe los hueſos a hueſos e carne e ſobre ellos nerbios e carne crubio ſobrellos cuero de ſuſo ſp̃u nõ auia en ellos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 63v:

And I prophesied as He had commanded me, and when I prophesied there was a noise like a storm. Bones to bones came together, and flesh; and tendons and flesh over them, [and] skin covered them from above. [But] there was no breath in them.