mensagero

Spanish: mensajero

dixo ẏſaẏas a los menſageros q́l embio el reẏ ezechias aſſi dizredes al nŕo ſennor q́ diz el criador Nó temas delas menazas q́ oiſt de los uaſſallos del reẏ de ſur. Afe yo trametre uiéto ¬ oyra tal palabra. por q́stornara aſu tŕa ¬ ẏl fara morir aeſpada.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 54r:

Isaiah said the messengers sent to him by king Hezekiah, “You will tell our master that thus says the Creator, ‘Do not fear the threats you have heard from the servants of the king of the south. Lo, I will send wind and he will hear a rumor such that he will return to his land, and there he will be made to die by the sword.’”


tahulla

Spanish: tahúlla


mannana

Ladino: manyana

Spanish: mañana
Chavacano: mañana

From Vulgar Latin *māneāna, from Latin māne (whence also man (“morning”)).

Dẏxo nr̃o ſẽnor amoẏſen. maduRga ala mannana ⁊ di a pharaon. Q ẏol digo q̃ dexe mio pueblo. E ſi nõblo dexare echare en el ẏenſos vaſſallos beſtias fieras. ⁊ emplir ſe an todas las caſas ⁊ todala tr̃a. E marauillar ſe an en es dẏa.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 14r:

Our Lord said unto Moses, “Rise early in the morning and say unto Pharaoh that I order he let my people go, and that should he not let them go, I will unleash upon him and his servants savage beasts, and they will fill every house and all the earth, and on that day they will be awed. […]”


encensario

From Late Latin incēnsārium, incēnsōrium, from Latin incēnsus (“incense”).

dixo nr̃o señor amoẏſen dia eleaçar fijo de aaronel el ſaçerdot q̃ alce los enſençarios dẽtre los q̃mados e ſera en la obra del ara por remẽbrãça afijos iſrael q̃ nõ ſe aguen aom̃e q nõ ſea delinage. daaron por encenſar el encienſo delant el ſeñor.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 23r:

And Our Lord said unto Moses, “Tell the priest Eleazar son of Aaron to take up the censers out of the burning and to place them over the altar as a memorial to the children of Israel that they should draw no man that is not of the seed of Aaron to cense incense before the Lord.”


encienso

Spanish: incienso

From Latin incēnsus, from incendō (“set on fire”).

[…] and he convened the assembly of the princes of Sodom and the city of Gomorrah, and he said, “Offer no more sacrifices in vanity; your incenses, your new moons and the Sabbaths you convene you will not understand with your heart […]”

Idem, f. 56v. […] e clamolos aſemblant de los prĩcebs de ſodoma el pueblo de gomorra. e dixo non adugades mas ſacrificios de uanidad ur̃os encẽſos ur̃os cabos de lunes e ur̃os ſabbados q̃ clamades nõ los entendrã cõ ſo coraçõ […]


sieruo

head

sieruo m (plural sieruos, feminine sieruas, feminine plural sieruas)

sieruos (plural)
sieruas (feminine)
sieruas (feminine plural)

Spanish: siervo, sierva

From Latin servus, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

der

eſtos angeles cõ q fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta dela cibdat. e violos e leuátos cótra elló. e omillos troa la tierra. e dixo les priego uos mios ſẽnores. Q̃ uẽgades acaſa de ur̃o ſieruo albergar.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v:

These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was at the city's gate. And he saw them and he got up to greet them and groveled with his face to the ground. And he said, “I beg you, my lords, come spend the night at your servant's house.”

And he told them thus, “Tell my brother and master Esau that his servant Jacob says he has been staying with Laban till now. And I have cattle and sheep and manservants and maidservants […] ”

Idem, f. 4v. e dixoles aſſẏ. dezid amẏo ermano ſénor eſau. q̃l dẏze ſo ſieruo iacob. con laban more troa agora. ⁊ euacas ⁊ oueias. ⁊ ſieruos ⁊ ſieruas. […]


Ultramar

Borrowed Old French Outremer (literally “overseas”) as a territorial designation.

bor

Ont te ruego q̃ tu me enbies eſripto en vna carta la faziẽda de vltra mar. E los nõbres de laſ cibdades ⁊ de las tierras como ovierõ nõbre. En latin ⁊ en ebraẏco. equãto a de la vna cibdat ala otra. E las marauẏllas q̃ nro ſẽnor dios fezo en iħrꝉm. e en toda la tierra de vltramar.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

So I pray you send to me written in a latter an account of the Holy Land, and the names of the cities and of the lands and the names they had in Latin and Hebrew, and the distance from one city to the other, and the wonders that Our Lord God worked in Jerusalem and throughout the Holy Land.

(historical) the Holy Land; the Crusader states established after the First Crusade


Babilonna

A naturalized pronunciation of Babilonia.

e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v:

And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.


peccador

head

peccador m (plural peccadores, feminine singular peccadora, feminine plural peccadoras)

peccadores (plural)
peccadora (feminine singular)
peccadoras (feminine plural)

Spanish: pecador

[…] Quiçab. ha .L. iuſtos en eſta uilla e pues matar los as. E non parçiras allogar por los .L. iuſtos. Por fer eſta coſa uedado ſea ati. de matar el iuſto por el peccador. Nõ ſe juez en toda la tierra q̃ fẏzies eſte iudizio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

“ […] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in this city and thus you would kill them. Will you not spare the place for the fifty righteous? To do such a thing is far from you; to kill the righteous because of the sinner. I know not of a judge on earth who would make such a judgment”.

Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “This time I have sinned against you, and the Creator is just, and my people and I are sinners. […] ”

Idem, f. 14v. embio pharaon amoẏſen ⁊ aaron. E dixo les peq̃ eſta uez el criador es iuſto. ⁊ ẏo e mio pueblo ſomos peccadores. […]


Belzebub

Spanish: Belcebú

Borrowed from Latin Beelzebūb, from Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (baʿal zvuv, “fly-lord”).

der

Acre ouo nóbre en hebraẏco acron. Alli era la ẏdola q́ auẏe nóbre belzebub deus muſcarum. e dizienle deus muſcarum ço es dios de acre e fue cibdat de los phẏliſteos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 39v:

Acre had the Hebrew name Ekron. Therein was the idol by the name of Beelzebub, "God of the Flies". And they called it God of the Flies because it was the god of Acre, which was a city of the Philistines.


muchidumne

Ladino: muchidumbre

Spanish: muchedumbre

From Latin multitūdinem, singular accusative of multitūdō, from multus (“much, many”).

[…] e dixo Sera la cuenta de fijos de iſrɫ cum arena del mar q̃ no es cuento de muchidũne e ſera dicho aellos fijos del podient uiuo […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 70v:

[…] And he said, “The number of the children of Israel will be like the sand of the sea, which like a multitude cannot be counted. And it will be said unto them, ‘[You are] children of the mighty and living’ […] ”


arçobispado

Spanish: arzobispado

eſta cibdat de tẏri fue arçobiſpado. Alli ẏazẽ muchos mr̃es. e al tẏenpo de los gentiles la cõbatio alexãdre.

This city of Tyre was an archbishopric. Therein lie many martyrs, and in the time of the gentiles it was besieged by Alexander.


brafonera

Spanish: brafonera

Perhaps from Old French braon (“slice of meat”) + -era.

fueró ala batalla a ramot galaad. e demudos el Rey de ſus armas. e entros ala batalla. e tirol .j. arq́ro. e firiol entrela loriga elas brafoneras.

And they went up to the battle at Remoth Gilead. And the king disguised his armor and went into battle. And an archer shot him and wounded him between the cuirass and arm braces.


tiniella

E dixo ella biua el ſẽnor dios q no e pan ſi nõ un poco de farina en la tinẏella. E un poco de olẏo ẽna olẏera e q̃ero coger .ij. lẽnos e fer lo e pora mi q̃ comamos ⁊ nõ muramos

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 38r:

And she said, “As the Lord God lives, I have no bread, but only some flour in a jar and a little oil in an oil jug. And I want to gather a couple of logs and make it for myself, that we may eat it and die”.


vasiella

Probably borrowed from Old Aragonese or Old Catalan, from Late Latin vāscella, plural of vāscellum, from Latin vāsculum, diminutive of vās (“vessel, container”). The term only appears in the Fazienda de Ultramar, a text full of Aragonese and Catalan forms. Compare modern Spanish vajilla.

Todo lo que auia. y metio zorobabel. e ſos conpãneros por mandado de cyrus reẏ de ꝑſia toda la uaſiella de oro q̃ fizo el rey ſalomõ pora lacaſa del c̃ador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 76r:

All that was there had been placed by Zerubbabel and his company by command of Cyrus, King of Persia; all the vessels of gold that King Solomon had made for the House of the Creator.

a collection of vessels, dishes, fonts and other containers


lenna

Ladino: lenya

Spanish: leña

From Latin ligna, plural of lignum (whence lenno).

Caẏo fuego del ſẽnor e ardio el holocauſt e la lẽna ⁊ las piedras e el poluo ⁊ el agua q̃ era enla cequia.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 34r:

The fire of the Lord fell and burnt the offering and the wood and the stones and the dust and the water that was in the trench.


diluuio

Spanish: diluvio

From Latin dīluvium, from dīluō (“I wash away”).

Qvando entro noe en el archa auẏe .dc. annos e fue el diluuio de las aguas abrieron ſe todas las fõtanas del abiſmo ⁊ fueron abiertas las fẏnieſtras de los cielos e plouio ſobre la tr̃a .xL. dias ⁊ .xL. noches.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 37r:

When Noah entered the ark he was six hundred years old. And the deluge of the waters took place. All the fountains of the deep were opened and the windows of the heavens were opened. And it rained upon the earth forty days and forty nights.


nuue

Ladino: nuve

Spanish: nube

From Latin nūbem, singular accusative of nūbēs.

Aqui taio nr̃o ſẽnor firmança cõ el ⁊ diol todas las creaturas a ſo ſeruicio e diol ſenal ⁊ dixol. porne mẏo arco en nuues de los cielos euerloan por remẽbrança el firmamẽto del ſieglo entre dios ẏ el õe

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 37v:

Then Our Lord established a covenant with him, and He put all creatures at his service. And he gave him a sign and said to him, “I will set my bow in the clouds of the heavens. And you will see it in heaven as a reminder of the pact between God and man”.


nutriz

Spanish: nodriza

This form was probably borrowed from Latin nūtrīcem.

murio alli ebora la nutriz de rebeca. ealli fue soterrada.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

There died Deborah, Rebecca's nurse, and she was buried there.


nodriz

Spanish: nodriza

From Latin nūtrīcem, singular accusative of nūtrīx.

Eſte geu mato todos los q̃ remanecieron del caſado de cab amẏgos ⁊ parientes e nodrices q̃ nol remaſo parient en pariẽt.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 33r:

So Jehu killed all those who remained of the house who were near [to him]; friends and family and wet nurses, so that he left him no remaining survivors.


princeb

e pues uino nabuzardan qui era princeb de la caualleria e de nabucodonosor el reẏ de babilonia. e ueno en iħrꝉm e ardio las caſas del criador ela caſa del reẏ e todas las cſsas cabdales de iħrꝉm quemolas en fuego

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 59v:

And then came Nebuzardan, who was captain of the guard and of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And he entered Jerusalem and burned the Houses of the Creator and the king's palace, and all the important houses of Jerusalem he set on fire.


princep

head

princep m (plural princeps or principes)

Dixo el prĩcep nabuzardan aieremias He agora yo te traẏo de la p̃ſon. Sit plad uenir conuſco ababilonia : anda fertemos bien. eſi nõ quiſieres uenir reman aq̃. eninguno nont fara peſar. e ue o q̃eres.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 61v:

And Nabuzardan the captain said to Jeremiah, “Now, look, I have released you from prison. If you want to come with me to Babylon, come, we will do you well. And should you not want to come, remain here, and no one will do you harm, so go wherever you want”.


torriente

Spanish: torrente

From Latin torrentem, singular accusative of torrēns (“rushing stream”).

E dixo acab a abdias ue ala tr̃a por las fontanas todas de las tr̃as ⁊ por las torriẽtes quiçab trobaremos yerba ont biuan los cauallos elas mulas e nõ p̃damos las beſtias.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 38v:

And Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go into the land to every fountain throughout the land and to the brooks. Perhaps we will find grass on which the horses and mules can live, that we may not lose the beasts.”


sancenno

sancenno (feminine singular sancenna, masculine plural sancennos, feminine plural sancennas)

sancenna (feminine singular)
sancennos (masculine plural)
sancennas (feminine plural)

Spanish: cenceño

Uncertain. Perhaps from Latin sincērus (“pure”) or cincinnus (“curled lock of hair”).

Cõbran la carne ala noch. ⁊ nolo comades cocho. en agua ni crudo. Mas aſſado en fuego. E cõ pã ſancẽno. e cõ lechezinos agros le combran.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 15v:

They shall eat the meat that night, and eat it not cooked in water nor raw, but roasted over fire, and with unleavened bread and bitter salad greens they shall eat it.


universidat

Spanish: universidad

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ūniversitās.


fonsado

Spanish: fonsado

Through metonymy from Latin fossātum (“ditch, trench”), from fossō (“I dig”).

por eſſo aſſi diz el ſennor de los fonſados el fuerte de iſrł. jo coſlare de mios enbaẏdores uengar me he de mios enemigos pues tornare mi nano ^([sic]) sobre ti e eſmerar te he redrar te de ti tod auoleza. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 55v:

Therefore thus says the Lord of Hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, “I will relieve Myself of my adversaries; I will avenge Myself on my enemies, for I will turn my hand against you and I will clean you; I will remove from you all wrongdoing […] ”


estrumento

From Latin īnstrūmentum (“instrument, tool”), from īnstruō (“I build, construct”).

[…] agora ſet adobados q́ qualora los eſtrumentos oyerdes echar uos edes e humillar uos edes ala ymagen del oro q́ fiz e ſi non la adorardes ſeredes metudos en el fuego del camino ardient e qual es el dios q́ uos puda enparar de mj mano

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 65v:

“ […] Now be ready, for at the time you hear the instruments you will prostrate yourselves and humble yourselves before the image of gold I have made. But should you not worship it, you will be cast into the fire of the blazing furnace; and who is the god that can deliver you out of my hand?”


ceruiz

Spanish: cerviz

From Latin cervīcem, singular accusative of cervīx, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”).

⁊ eli el ſac̃dot era vieio. e auie .Lxxxxviij. ãnos Qvando oẏo estas nueuas echos ariedro dela ſiella en q̃ ſedie erõpio las ceruizes emurio

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 45v:

And Eli the priest was old, and he was ninety-eight years old. When he heard these news, he fell backward from the chair on which he sat and broke his neck and died.


compannero

Spanish: compañero

From companna (“company, entourage”) + -ero.

To argent es tõnado eſcoria to uino es buelto en agua. tos príceps ſe dañarõ compañeros ſon de ladrones […]

Your silver becomes dross and your wine is turned into water. Your rulers have been corrupted, they are companions of thieves. […]


Melchysedec

Spanish: Melquisedec

From Late Latin Melchisedech, from Koine Greek Μελχισέδεκ (Melkhisédek), from Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq).

der

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bẽdixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pã ⁊ vino q̃ anos en figura de xp̃s. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q̃ aduzie.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

Then Melchizedek sent Abram on his way, and blessed him, and said, “Blessed be Abram of God the [Most] High.” And he gave him bread and wine, which to us is a figure of Christ. And to him Abram gave the tithe of all he had taken.


Abraam

Spanish: Abrahám, Abrahán

Borrowed from Late Latin Ābrahām, from Koine Greek Ἀβρᾱᾱ́μ (Abrāā́m), from Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām).

Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bédixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pá ⁊ vino q́ anos en figura de xṕs. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q́ aduzie.


Josaphat

Spanish: Josafat

From Late Latin Iōsaphat, from Ancient Greek Ἰωσαφάτ (Iōsaphát), from Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ).

Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ)

Aplegos el Reẏ […] diſçrael adacab Reẏ đ iħrɫm. e fueron en ſemble e dixo el Reẏ diſrɫ al Reẏ de iħrɫm uaẏamos aramot galaad q̃ es ẏ él Reẏ de ſyria elidiemos é prender loemos. e dixo ioſaphat el Reẏ de iħrɫm ẏo ire cõtigo lo mẏo tuẏo eſ. el mio pueblo tuẏo es. emios cauallos tuẏos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 41v:

The king […] of Israel approached Ahab, king of Jerusalem. And they came together, and the king of Israel said to the king of Jerusalem, “Let us go to Ramoth-Gilead, for the king of Syria is there, and let us fight and we will capture him.” And Jehoshaphat the king of Jerusalem said, “I will go with you. What is mine is yours. My people are yours, and my horses are yours.”


fornaguera

From Latin fornicāria, feminine of fornicārius (“fornicator”), from fornix (“brothel”).

Comienco q́ fablo nŕo ſenor aoſee dixo nŕo ſeńor aoſee ue eprent mugier fornaguera e faz fijos de fornicacion que fornicar fornicara la tŕa

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 70r:

It began that Our Lord spoke to Hosea, and Our Lord said to Hosea, “Go and take a fornicating woman and have children of fornication, for fornication will fornicate the land.”

prostitute, a promiscuous or fornicating woman


açada

Spanish: azada

From Vulgar Latin *asciāta, from Latin ascia (“axe”).

judgara ẽtre pueblos muchos. e afazara ẏenteſ fuerteſ aluen. etraſtornaran ſuſ eſpadas por açadas. ⁊ ſuslanças por foçeſ. non alçara ẏent contra ẏent eſpada. enõ aura mas batalla.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 72v:

He will judge between many peoples and arbitrate [between] strong people from afar. And they will reshape their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not raise sword against nation, and there will be no more battle.


nerbio

Spanish: nervio

Inherited from Latin nervus, either through niervo with metathesis of /j/; or more likely from the by-form nervia n pl or f, with /j/ raising the stressed vowel and blocking its diphthongization.

E. ppħize cuemo me acomendado e fue roydo quant ppħize cuemo tempeſtad. Aplegaronſe los hueſos a hueſos e carne e ſobre ellos nerbios e carne crubio ſobrellos cuero de ſuſo ſp̃u nõ auia en ellos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 63v:

And I prophesied as He had commanded me, and when I prophesied there was a noise like a storm. Bones to bones came together, and flesh; and tendons and flesh over them, [and] skin covered them from above. [But] there was no breath in them.


roydo

Spanish: ruido

From Latin rugītus (“roar, bellow”), from rugiō (“I roar, bellow”).


prophetismo

Spanish: profetismo

dixo heliſeᷤ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nõ cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Then] Elisha said, “The Lord of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, [for] were it not out of regard for Jehoshaphat, I would not look at you nor see you. [But] now bring me a singer.” And so when to God he sings the prophecy of the Creator will be upon him.


berguença

Ladino: verguensa

Spanish: vergüenza

From Latin verēcundia (“shame, awe”), from Latin verēcundus (“feeling shame; worthy or reverence, venerable”).

dixo heliſeₛ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nõ cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.


debdor

Ladino: devdor

Spanish: deudor

vna mugier delos ppħtas clamo aeliſeuₛ ppħta edixol. To ſieruo mio marido es muerto e to ſabet q́ fue temient del ćador afe do uiene eldebdor q́ ṕndras dos mios fijos por ſos ſieruos

[Now] the wife of one of the prophets cried out to Elisha the prophet and said to him, “Your servant, my husband, is dead, and you know that he was one who feared the Creator. And lo, his creditor is coming [and] he will take for himself my two sons as his slaves.”


euangelista

desctree

Spanish: evangelista
→ Tagalog: ebanghelista

From Latin evangelista, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs).

der

εὐαγγελιστής

depues eſt emꝑador domicianus eſilio aſant iuan apoſtol e euangeliſta. euenos ala ẏſla de padmoˢ e cõuertio grãd púeblo.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

After this, the emperor Domitian exiled Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, and he came to the island of Patmos and converted many people.


reysmo

→ Basque: erresuma

Apreˢ de herodes Regno ſo fijo el maẏor archelaᵍ. ⁊ fue partido el Reẏſmo de iħrſɫm en .iiij. partes

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 78r:

After Herod reigned his eldest son, Archelaus, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem was divided into four parts.


malaptia

From Old French maladie, from malade (“sick”).

Qvando ouiere fambre en la tierra omortalidat. o enfermedat oq́ado ouiere mal de enfermedat. o langoſta. o erugo. q́nt fuere q́l aq́xare ſo enemigo. enla tŕa oen las cibdades. Nulla plaga o nulla malaptia […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 50v:

Should there be famine in the land or great dying or sickness, or should there be the ill of sickness, or locusts or caterpillars, should their enemy threaten them in the land or in the cities, whatever plague or whatever malady, […]


fauonno

Clamo amoẏſẽ ⁊ a pharaon. e dixo peq̃ al ur̃o ſẽnor dios. Rogat por mi q̃ me ꝑdone eſta uez ſola. E riedre deſobre my eſta muert. Rogo moiſen al nr̃o ſẽnor. ⁊ veno uiẽto de fauõno ⁊ echo toda la langoſta en la mar. por todo eſto non dexo fijos de ẏſrael.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 15r:

Pharaoh called Moses and said, “I have sinned against your Lord God. Pray that He forgive me just this once, and that he remove this death from over me.” [So] Moses prayed to Our Lord, and the west wind came and cast all the locusts into the sea. [But] after all of this he did not let the children of Israel go.


fidenisa

An alteration of Late Latin pȳthōnissa, feminine form of Latin pȳthon (“oracle, soothsayer”), from Ancient Greek Πῡθώ (Pūthṓ, “Pytho; Delphi”).

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom aqui uino el reẏ ſaul de mandar ɔſeio ala fideniſa ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria. Jvro ſaul e dixo biuo es el criador q̃ non uerna nĩgun mal atẏ por eſta coſa.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 32v:

Here king Saul came to seek counsel from the soothsayer And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked]. Saul swore and said, “Living is the Creator, that no harm shall come to you for this thing.”


adeuino

Spanish: adivino

From Latin dīvīnus (“prophetic”). Influenced by adeuinar (“to guess, solve”). Compare Old French devin.

Fveſſét ſamuel aſu caſa a ramata e nó vio mas ſamuel a ſaul faſta q́ ſamuel fue muerto ⁊ planieron le tod iſrɫ e ſotŕaron le en ramata ſu cibdat. & ſaul tollio los magos alos adeuinos de la tŕa.

Samuel went to his house in Ramah, and Samuel did not see Saul again before Samuel died. And all of Israel mourned him and they buried him in Ramah, his city. And Saul removed the necromancers and soothsayers from the land.


philisteo

Spanish: filisteo

Borrowed from Late Latin Philistaeus, from Koine Greek Φυλιστιείμ (Phulistieím), from Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים (pəlištîm).

פְּלִשְׁתִּים

Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים (pəlištîm)

Aplegaron ſe los philiſteos e paſſaron en ſẏma. Aplego atod iſrl e paſſaron en móte gelboe. Vio ſaul el albergada de los philiſteos e ouo mẏedo.

The Philistines gathered and camped at Shunem. [Saul] gathered all of Israel and they camped at mount Gilboa. [Then] Saul saw the encampment of the Philistines and he was afraid.

Idem, f. 47r.
Lidio dd̃ cõ el philiſteo epriſo dd̃ .v. piedras. dela torrient. emetiolas en ſue talega epuſola una enla fonda e diol enla fruente ematol.

David fought the Philistine. And David took five stones from the stream and put them in his pouch. And he put one in his sling and struck him in the forehead and killed him.


guarnimiento

Spanish: guarnimiento

From guarnir (“to dress, adorn”) + -miento. Compare Old French guarnement (“garment”).

Oyo eſto eſto^([sic]) el pueblo e ou gñde duelo enõ ſe q̃ſo guarnir deſu ueſtir. dixo nr̃o ſeñor amoẏſẽ diles q̃ ſe guarneſcã eẏo ſabre q̃ leſ fare. priſierõ fiios de iſrɫ. ſo guarnimiẽto de mõte oreb

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

The people heard this and there was great mourning, and they did not want to adorn their dress. [For] Our Lord said to Moses, “Tell them to adorn themselves and I will know what I will do to them.” [So] the children of Israel took off their ornaments from Mount Horeb [onward].


sedmana

E nes ſos dias yo daniel era dolorioſo .iij. ſedmanas de dias. pan cobdiciadero ni carne non comj nin ui non etro en mi boca niẽ bano non fu banado troa q̃s cumplieron .vij. semanas de dias

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 69:

In those days, I, Daniel, was mournful for three weeks' worth of days. I ate no no pleasant bread or meat, nor did wine enter my mouth, nor was I bathed in a bath until three weeks' worth of days passed.


companna

Spanish: compaña

From Vulgar Latin *compānia, from Late Latin compāniō (“companion”).

Corrio eſau aencuẽtro de ſo ermano. E abraçol ⁊ echo ſobre ſo cuello el braço. E ſaludolo. ⁊ omillos eſau. E toda ſu cõpãna de iacob.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5r:

Esau ran to meet his brother, and he embraced him and put his arm over his neck. And he greeted him and bowed before Esau, and so too all of Jacob's company.


maçonero

Spanish: mazonero

From Old French maçon (“mason, builder”) + -ero.

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 49r:

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


ysmael

dẏxo iudas aſos ermanos. Veo ẏſmaeles q̃ paſſan. Andat ⁊ uendamos le aeſtos moros q̃ paſſã. E nr̃as manos nõ metamos en el. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

Judah said to his brothers, “I see Ishmaelites passing by. Come and let us sell him to these moors passing by, and not lay our hands on him. […] ”


Ysmael

Spanish: Ismael

From Late Latin Ismael, from Koine Greek Ἰσμαήλ (Ismaḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yīšmāʿēʿl, literally “God hears”).

Catarõ ⁊ vierõ vna requa de paganos de los de ẏſmael. E vinien de galaat cõ ſos camellos cargados de mercaduras e ẏuã a egipto

They looked and saw a pagan caravan, of those of Ishmael. And they were coming from Gilead with their camels loaded with goods, and they were headed to Egypt.


mercadura

From Latin mercātūra, from mercor (“I trade, deal, sell”).

They looked up and saw a pagan caravan, of those of Ishmael. And they were coming from Gilead with their camels loaded with goods, and they were headed to Egypt.


suenno

Ladino: esfuenyo, esuenyo

Spanish: sueño

From Latin somnium (“dream”), from somnus (“sleep, slumber”), from Proto-Italic *swepnos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos, from *swep- (“to sleep”).

Andat ⁊ matemoſle. Echemoſle en aq̃l pozo. E ueremos que prol aura so suenno. e pues diremos q̃ beſtia mala lo mato ⁊ lo comẏo. Oẏo lo ruben ⁊ peſol eq̃ſol enparar

“Go and let us kill him. Let us throw him into that pit, and we shall see of what use his dream is to him! And then we will say that a fierce beast killed and ate him.” Reuben heard this and was grieved by it, and decided to protect him.


vestimienta

Ladino: vestimienta

Spanish: vestimenta

From Latin vestīmenta, plural of vestīmentum (“garment, robe”), from vestiō (“I clothe”). Compare Old French vestement.

e depues ueno ſaul. ⁊ enop. e p̃ſo eſtos ſacerdotes e mato dent .Lxxx. ⁊ .v. reueſtidos de ſac̃dotal ueſtimienta

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 46r:

And then came Saul to Nob. And he took these priests and killed therein eighty-five men dressed in the priestly garments.


sortero

head

sortero m (plural sorteros, feminine singular sortera, feminine plural sorteras)

sorteros (plural)
sortera (feminine singular)
sorteras (feminine plural)

Spanish: sortero

From suerte (“lot, fate”) + -ero (occupational suffix). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese sorteira (“witch”).

cog

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom […] ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria.

And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked].

a person who draws lots, a soothsayer or oracle


deuinança

From deuinar (“to divine, guess”) + -ança, or through Latin dīvīnantia, plural of dīvīnāns (“foreseeing, divining”), from dīvīnō (“I foresee, fortell, divine”).

Non a aguero en iacob nĩ deuinãça en israel.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 25r:

“ […] There is no omen on Jacob nor divination on Israel. […] ”


aguero

Spanish: agüero


bendicion

Spanish: bendición

Semi-learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictiōnem, singular accusative of benedictiō (“blessing”).

slbor

Reſpuſo ẏſaac ⁊ dẏxo. De groſſura de la tierra ⁊ del ruçio ſera tu bẽdicion. De los cieló ſera tu bendicion. Sobre tu eſpada biuras. E ato ermano seruiras. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 4r:

Isaac answered and said, “Your blessing shall be away from the fatness of the earth and from the dew. Your blessing shall be away from the heavens. You shall live by the sword and your brother you shall serve. […] ”


juuentut

Spanish: juventud

From Latin iuventūtem, singular accusative of iuventūs, from iuvenis (“young”).

[…] Qve ẏo loar me pueda de ti en my veiez. Aſſẏ cuemo me loe en mẏ iuuétud.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

[…] That I may be able to rejoice in you in my old age as I rejoiced in my youth.


Peydro

Sant peẏdro fo ṕdicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

(biblical, Christianity) Alternative form of Pedro, Peter

a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Peter