pez

Spanish: pez

Et a tal uertud que ſi la ponẽ ſobre mill peſos de pez faz los feruir por ſu p̃p̃dat biẽ como si estudieſſen a fuego.

And its virtue is such that if it is put over a thousand weights of pitch, it lights them due to its property, as if they were on fire.


juez

Ladino: גואיס (jues)

Spanish: juez (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin iūdicem. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese juiz and Old French juge.

[…] Quiçab. ha .L. iuſtos en eſta uilla e pues matar los as. E non parçiras allogar por los .L. iuſtos. Por fer eſta coſa uedado ſea ati. de matar el iuſto por el peccador. Nõ ſe juez en toda la tierra q̃ fẏzies eſte iudizio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

“ […] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in this city and thus you would kill them. Will you not spare the place for the fifty righteous? To do such a thing is far from you; to kill the righteous because of the sinner. I know not of a judge on earth who would make such a judgment”.


padre

Ladino: padre

desctree

Spanish: padre
→ Chinese: 巴禮／巴礼
→ Classical Nahuatl: padre
→ English: padre
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej
→ Tagalog: pari

Inherited from Latin patrem, singular accusative of pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

Vinierõ los ermanos de ioſeph Que murio ſo padre. q̃çab mẽbrara ſo padre q̃l fẏziemos. e tornarnos a todel mal q̃l fẏziemos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 11v:

[When] Joseph's brothers saw that their father was dead, [they said], “Perhaps he will remember his father [and] what we did to him, and he will repay us all the wrong we did to him.”


rey

Ladino: rey

Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

From Latin rēgem, singular accusative of rēx, from Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

der

embiol ael aſenachaerib toda la plata q̃ pudo trobar en la del criador. e el teſoro de los reẏſ. eſtoz cranto ezechias las puertas del temple e todo quanto pudo aũ embiolo al reẏ de ſiria esto peſo al criador

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 53v:

He sent Sennacherib all the silver he could find in the [house] of the Creator and the treasury of the kings. Then Hezekiah broke the doors of the temple and all that there was he sent to the king of Assyria. This weighed upon the Creator.


espada

Spanish: espada

From Latin spatham, accusative of spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”).

Myo çid Ruy diaz el que en buẽ ora çinxo eſpada
My Cid, Ruy Díaz, who at a good time he girded himself with a sword (common epithet of the Cid)

between 1140 and 1207, Anonymous (or Per Abbat), Cantar de mío Cid 58

De natura es fria & humida / Et fazen della mangos pora cuchiello & pora eſpadas

It is cold and damp in nature, and they make handles for knives and swords out of it

la uertud dela figura de om̃e cauallero ſobre un leon, & que tenga en la mano dieſtra eſpada deſnuda, & en la ſinieſtra cabeça de om̃e

the virtue of the figure of a knightly man riding a lion, with an unsheathed sword at his right hand and the head of a man at his left hand


farina

Ladino: arina

Spanish: harina (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“emmer”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese farinha.

inh+

E dixo ella biua el ſénor dios q́ no e pan ſi nó un poco de farina en la tinẏella. E un poco de olẏo éna olẏera […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 38r:

And she said, “As the Lord God lives, I have no bread, but only some flour in a jar and a little oil in an oil jug. […] ”.


Johan

desctree

Spanish: Juan
→ Carolinian: Wan
→ Classical Nahuatl: Juan
→ Chinese: → 胡安 (Hú'ān) (transliteration)
Don Juan → Chinese: → 唐璜 (transliteration)
→ English: Juan
→ Tagalog: Juan

From Latin Iōhannēs or Iōannēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān).

der

Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān)

Delãt ierico a .ij. milleros en la riƀa del flum iordan es bethania o baptizaua ſant ioħn baptiſta.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 31r:

Two thousand paces from Jericho, on the bank of the Jordan River, is Bethany, where Saint John the Baptist baptized.

(biblical, Christianity) The name of several persons in the Christian Bible, among them John the Baptist, John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos.


cristal

Ladino: kristal

Spanish: cristal
→ Tagalog: kristal

From Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”).

[…] &́ vieron la gĺa de iſŕl dedios. Como huebra de blácor. &́ de cristal. ⁊ como color de los cieloˢ módos […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 19r:

[…] and they saw the glory of the God of Israel, like a work of white and crystal, and like the color of realm of the heavens. […]


sabio

head

sabio m (plural sabios, feminine singular sabia, feminine plural sabias)

sabios (plural)
sabia (feminine singular)
sabias (feminine plural)

Spanish: sabio

From Latin sapidus, from sapiō (“to be wise”, literally “to taste of”), from Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“to try, to research”).

der

c. 1200: Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v.
e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.


marido

Ladino: maredo, marido

Spanish: marido
Chavacano: marido

From Latin marītus, from mās (“a male”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese marido.

vna mugier delos ppħtas clamo aeliſeuₛ ppħta edixol. To ſieruo mio marido es muerto e to ſabet q̃ fue temient del c̃ador afe do uiene eldebdor q̃ p̃ndras dos mios fijos por ſos ſieruos

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Now] the wife of one of the prophets cried out to Elisha the prophet and said to him, “Your servant, my husband, is dead, and you know that he was one who feared the Creator. And lo, his creditor is coming [and] he will take for himself my two sons as his slaves.”


reyna

Spanish: reina (see there for further descendants)

Alli delãt gazar baptizo ſãt felip al rẏc õe q̃ era de cãdace la reẏna. ⁊ el era de ethiopia e veno a iħrꝉm al tenple orar. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 82v:

There, before Gaza, Saint Philip baptized the rich man who was of Candace, the queen. He was from Ethiopia and had come to Jerusalem to pray at the temple. […]

[…] quiſo dios que uinieſſe a manos del noble Rey don alfonſo fijo del muy noble Rey don ferrando ⁊ dela reyna donna beatriz […]

[…] God wanted it to come to the hands of the noble king don Alfonso, son of the very noble king don Ferdinand and the queen, lady Beatrice […]


miedo

Spanish: miedo

la mugier de loth torno la cabeça e [fi]zos ymagen de ſal. Loth ouo miedo de ſeer ẽ ſegor eſubio alas mõtãnas cõ ſus .ij. fijas. eſtido en una cueua con ſus .ij. fijas.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v:

Lot's wife turned her head and she became a figure of salt. Lot was afraid of staying in Zoar and [so] he went up to mountains with his two daughters, [and] he settled in a cave with his two daughters.


sacerdote

desctree

Spanish: sacerdote
→ Classical Nahuatl: sacerdote

Borrowed from Latin sacerdotem, from sacer (“sacred, holy”).

Vinierõ al flũ con el arca del teſtamẽt e q̃ndo cataron los pies de los ſac̃dotes enel agua partierõ ſe las aguas adieſtro ⁊ aſinieſtro e eſtidierõ cuemo mõtõ […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 28r:

They came to the river with the Ark of the Testimony, and when the feet of the priests touched the water the waters parted to the right and to the left, and they stood up like a heap […]


duelo

Spanish: duelo

From Late Latin dolus. Related to Latin dolor (“pain”).

Oyo eſto eſto el pueblo e ou gñde duelo enõ ſe q̃ſo guarnir deſu ueſtir. dixo nr̃o ſeñor amoẏſẽ diles q̃ ſe guarneſcã eẏo ſabre q̃ leſ fare. priſierõ fiios de iſrɫ. ſo guarnimiẽto de mõte oreb

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

The people heard this and there was great mourning, and they did not want to adorn their dress. [For] Our Lord said to Moses, “Tell them to adorn themselves and I will know what I will do to them.” [So] the children of Israel took off their ornaments from Mount Horeb [onward].


vasallo

Spanish: vasallo

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 11r. b.
E ſubieron cõ el todos ſos vaſallos de pharaon. los mayores de su caſa de pharaon & todos los mayores de egypto.

And all of Pharaoh's vassals went forth with him; the elders of the house of Pharaoh and all the elders of Egypt.


vejez

Ladino: vejéz

Spanish: vejez

[…] Qve ẏo loar me pueda de ti en my veiez. Aſſẏ cuemo me loe en mẏ iuuẽtud.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

[…] That I may be able to rejoice in you in my old age as I rejoiced in my youth.

veiez

alternative representations of the spelling


tribu

Spanish: tribu
→ Cebuano: tribo
→ Tagalog: tribo, tribu

Borrowed from Latin tribus, from the root of trēs (“three”). Compare Old French tribu.

Embio moẏſen .xij. barones de cada tribu ⁊ plegarõ faſta tr̃a demaach ⁊ uinierõ atr̃a de ebrõ.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 22v:

Moses sent twelve men from each tribe, and they reached the land of Hamath and came to the land of Hebron.

Saint Paul, who before had the name Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. He was born in Judea, and in the second year after the Passion of Jesus Christ Ananias baptized [him] in Damascus […]

Idem, f. 79r. Sant pablo q̃ ante auie nõbre ſaulus fue del tribu de beniamin naſcio en iuda e al ſegũdo año ap̃s dela paſſiõ de iħu xp̃o baptizo ananias e damaſco […]


Pablo

Spanish: Pablo
→ Tagalog: Pablo

From Latin Paulus, from paulus (“small”).

Sant pablo q̃ ante auie nõbre ſaulus fue del tribu de beniamin naſcio en iuda e al ſegũdo año ap̃s dela paſſiõ de iħu xp̃o baptizo ananias e damaſco […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

Saint Paul, who before had the name Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. He was born in Judea, and in the second year after the Passion of Jesus Christ Ananias baptized [him] in Damascus […]


mayoral

Spanish: mayoral

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 49r:

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


madera

Spanish: madera

From Latin māteria, from māter (“source”, literally “mother”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese madeira.


palio

Spanish: palio

Vino ioſep aſos ermanos. e priſierõ le ⁊ deſpoiarõle el palio. e echarõle en el pozo. ⁊ eſte pozo era bazio e non ẏauia agua.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

Joseph came to his brothers, and they took him and stripped him of his robe, and threw him into the pit. And this pit was empty, and there was no water there.


ceda

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


encantador

Spanish: encantador

From Latin incantātōrem, singular accusative of incantātor (“enchanter, soothsayer”), from incantō (“I enchant”).

Sant peẏdro fo p̃dicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.


fonda

Spanish: honda

Lidio dd̃ cõ el philiſteo epriſo dd̃ .v. piedras. dela torrient. emetiolas en ſue talega epuſola una enla fonda e diol enla fruente ematol. e vino a el etomo el eſpada. de golias. etaiol la cabeça. el eſpada ela cabeça aduxola aieruſalem.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

David fought the Philistine. And David took five stones from the stream and put them in his pouch. And he put one in his sling and struck him in the forehead and killed him. And he approached him and took Goliath's sword and cut off his head. And the sword and the head he brought to Jerusalem.


safir

Spanish: zafiro

From Old French saphir, from Latin sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros), or an apocopic form of safiro.

Et eſta piedra es cardena en ſu color aſſi q̃ ſemeia al ſafir en la cardenor mas nõ en la luz. ca a eſta nõ traspaſſa el uiso como al ſafir faze ca la su color es mucho espeſſa ⁊ turuia

And this stone is purple in color, so that it resembles the sapphire in purpleness; but not in light, for sight cannot see through it like it does through sapphire, for its color is too thick and murky.


pimienta

Spanish: pimienta

From pimiento (“pepper plant”), from Latin pigmentum (“color, pigment”).

Negra es de color ⁊ pareſce en ella ya q̃to de uermeiura; aſſi que ſemeia alos granos dela pimienta.

It is black in color, but it also has to it some redness, so that it resembles peppercorns.


infierno

Spanish: infierno
→ Cebuano: impiyerno
→ Tagalog: impiyerno

From Latin īnfernum; attested from 1140. Regarding the phonetics (Latin in normally becomes en in Spanish), the word was perhaps influenced or reinforced by the Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation. There were similar developments in other Romance languages.

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r. a.
e dẏxo decẽdre / al infierno dolorioſo ſo por mẏo / fijo.

And he said: "I shall descend to hell unto my son in mourning."

Idem, 8r.
e ſi perdiere a beniamin deſcen / dre en mi ueieza enel ĩfierno. e / plorar lo he ẏ.

And should I lose Benjamin I will descend to hell, in my old age, and I shall mourn him there.

(biblical) Sheol, the Hebrew term for the underworld; hell.


nuera

Spanish: nuera

From Vulgar Latin *nŏra, from Late Latin nura, from Classical Latin nurus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *snusós.

c1200: Alemeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r. a.
E iudas fue veer ſos ganados cõ un ſo amygo. e dyxierõlo atamar ſu nuera.

And Judah went to see his cattle with a friend of his and they informed Tamar, his daughter-in-law.

Idem, f. 6r. b.
Acabo de .iij. meſes. dyxierõ le aiuda q̃ su nuera tamar era p̃nada.

After three months they told Judah that Tamar, his daughter-in-law, was pregnant.


pharaon

Spanish: faraón

Borrowed from Late Latin pharaō, from Ancient Greek φαραώ (pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace, pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 12r. a.
Fablat agora delant pharaon & dezidle que myo padre me coyuro. […] dixo pharaon ſub & ſotierra to padre.

Speak now before Pharaoh and tell him that my father asked [something] of me. […] Pharaoh said: "go forth and bury your father".

Idem, f. 11r. b.
E ſubieron cõ el todos ſos vaſallos de pharaon. los mayores de su caſa de pharaon & todos los mayores de egypto.
And all of Pharaoh's vassals went forth with him; the elders of the house of Pharaoh and all the elders of Egypt.


espia

Spanish: espía

From Gothic *𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰 (*spaiha), from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).

Mando el nr̃o ſeñor amoẏſen q̃ tremetiesſe eſpias atiera de chanaan por barũtar q̃ tr̃a era

Our Lord ordered Moses to send spies to the land of Canaan to get a sense of what [kind of] land it was.


arquero

Spanish: arquero

From Late Latin arcārius, alteration of arcuārius, from Latin arcus (“bow”).

[…] ⁊ alcaçáron los phẏliſteos a ſaul. E mataró le .iij. fijos e aionata ⁊ amẏnadab e melchẏſſue cóſiguẏeron los arq́ros a ſaul e fue el mal có ellos […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 32v:

[…] And the Philistines overtook Saul and killed his three sons, Jonathan, Abinadab and Malki-Shua. The archers found Saul and he fared not well with them. […]

Idem, f. 42r.
fueró ala batalla a ramot galaad. e demudos el Rey de ſus armas. e entros ala batalla. e tirol .j. arq́ro. e firiol entrela loriga elas brafoneras.

And they went up to the battle at Remoth Gilead. And the king disguised his armor and went into battle. And an archer shot him and wounded him between the cuirass and arm braces.


Salomon

Spanish: Salomón

From Latin Salomōn, from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šĕlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālōm, “peace”).

Todo lo que auia. y metio zorobabel. e ſos conpãneros por mandado de cyrus reẏ de ꝑſia toda la uaſiella de oro q̃ fizo el rey ſalomõ pora lacaſa del c̃ador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 76r:

All that there was Zerubbabel placed there with his company by command of Cyrus, King of Persia; all the vessels of gold that King Solomon had made for the House of the Creator.


samaritano

head

samaritano m (plural samaritanos, feminine singular samaritana, feminine plural samaritana)

samaritanos (plural)
samaritana (feminine singular)
samaritana (feminine plural)

Spanish: samaritano

From Latin samarītānus, from Samarīa (“Samaria”).

aeſstos om̃s dizian ſamaritanoᷤ. por ſobron los clamauan ſobromen por ſamaria ſamaritanoᷤ ni eran iudios ni x̃anos ni paganos. temian al criador ſiruien le como iudios. e adorauan las ẏdolas como paganos e aſſi fuerõ ellos eſos fijos troal dia de oẏ. por esto les dizẽ ſamaritanoᷤ.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 44v:

These men they called Samaritans. After Sobron they called them Sobromen; after Samaria, Samaritans. They were neither Jews nor Christians nor pagans. They feared the Creator, they served Him like Jews, and they worshiped the idols like pagans. And thus they were, and their children, up to the present day. This is why they are called Samaritans.


algodon

desctree

Spanish: algodón
→ Bikol Central: algodon
→ Chavacano: algodon
→ Hiligaynon: algodon
→ Tagalog: algodon

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic قطن (quṭun), from Arabic قُطُن (quṭun).

bor+

Et los fiſicos daquella tierra queman este algodon ⁊ fazen lo poluos ⁊ meten los en los oios por q̃ tuelle la lagrema ⁊ toda la humidat que a en ellos.

And physicians from that land burn this cotton and turn it into a dust they use on the eyes, because it removes tears and all the moisture from them.


ermano

osp-noun

ermano m (plural ermanos, feminine singular ermana, feminine plural ermanas)

ermanos (plural)
ermana (feminine singular)
ermanas (feminine plural)

Ladino: ermano

Spanish: hermano (see there for further descendants)

From Vulgar Latin *germānus (“brother”), from Latin germānus (“of a brother or sister”).

inh

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5r. a.
Corrio eſau aencuẽtro de ſo ermano. E abraçol & echo ſobre ſo cuello el braço.

Esau ran to meet with his brother, then he hugged him and put his arm over his neck.

Idem, f. 5v. b.
Vino ioſep aſos ermanos. e priſierõ le & deſpoiarõle el palio. e echarõle en el pozo.
Joseph came to this brothers; they imprisoned him and unclothed him and threw him into the well.


esmeralda

Spanish: esmeralda

From Old French esmeralde, ultimately from Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos).

Et la ſu uerdura ⁊ la ſu reſplandor es muy meior que dela otra eſmeralda.

And its greenness and gleam are much better than those of the other emerald.

Idem, f. 54r.
Et eſtas ſon falladas en las mineras del oro o fallan las bonas eſmeraldas.

And these are found in the goldmines where they find the best emeralds.


sortija

Spanish: sortija

From Late Latin *sorticula (“a small lot, table or ticket”), from Latin sors (“chances, lot”).

[…] E q̃ero q̃tu aẏas poder. ſobre todo quãto ẏoe. eſea ſos tu mano. priſo pharaon la ſortija. de oro q auie en ſu mano ⁊ diola a iosep.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 7r:

“[…] And I want you to have power over all that I have, and that it be under your command.” [And] Pharaoh took the gold ring from his hand and gave it to Joseph.

Idem, f. 20r.
Derrõpierõ todo el pueblo las ſortijas del oro q̃ teniẽ en ſus oreias. &́ aduxierõ las aaron ⁊ priſolas en su mano. ⁊ metiolas en la forma. E ſalio vezerro forjada.

All the people broke the rings of gold they wore on their ears, and they gave them to Aaron, and he took them in his hand and cast them into the mold, and out came a forged calf.


carcelero

Spanish: carcelero

From Latin carcerārius, from carcer (“prison”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6v. col. 1.
e fue nŕo ſénor có ioſep e diol ſu gŕa e ouo grát amor có el caŕelero.

and the Lord was with Joseph and gave him grace and great favor with the prison warden.


xaque

Spanish: jaque

From Arabic; see discussion in the modern descendant jaque.


robi

Spanish: rubí

From Old French rubi, rubin, from Medieval Latin rubīnus lapis (“red stone”), from Latin rubeus (“reddish, red”).

der

DEla segunda faz del ſigno de leon es la piedra aque llaman robi. & deſta auemos ementado ya en eſte libro en el .iiij. grado del ſigno de leon.

Of the second facet of the sign of Leo is the stone they call ruby, which we have already recalled in this book in the fourth degree of the sign of Leo.


subdito

Spanish: súbdito

Borrowed from Latin subditus. According to Coromines and Pascual, first attested in Juan Ruiz.

Otrosi puede el papa sus decretales far

early 14th century, Juan Ruiz, Libro de buen amor 13

Moreover, the Pope can emit decrees,
in which he orders his subjects to pay a certain penalty

en que a sus subditos manda çierta pena dar


tabernaculo

Spanish: tabernáculo

From Latin tabernāculum (“tent, tabernacle”), from taberna (“hut, cabin”).

emoẏſẽ p̃ſo eltabernaculo etẽdiol fuera del abergadaetodo om̃e q̃ auia cueta alli yua all nr̃o ſeñor pedir merced emoẏſẽ q̃nd entraua en el tabernacɫo uinia la coruina de la nuf e eſtaua ala puerta dela tiẽda efablaua con moẏſẽ ala uiſta del pueblo é elloſ do eſtauan humilarõſe

c. 1200, Almerich, w:Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

And Moses took the tabernacle and pitched it outside the encampment, and every man that had a grievance would go there to Our Lord to ask for mercy. And when Moses entered into the tabernacle the pillar of cloud would come and stand at the door to the tent, and [He] would speak to Moses in view of the people, and they bowed down where they were.


ermana

osp-noun

ermana f (plural ermanas, masculine singular ermano, masculine plural ermanos)

ermanas (plural)
ermano (masculine singular)
ermanos (masculine plural)

Ladino: ermana

Spanish: hermana

Feminine form of ermano (“brother”), or from Latin germāna.

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 23v. a.
emurio alli mariã el ermana de aron q̃ nõ auiã q̃ comer nĩ q̃ beuer

and there died Miriam, the sister of Aaron, who had nothing to eat or to drink

Idem, f. 80v. b.
alli eran maria & marta ermanas delazaro el q̃ ressucito ih̃u x̊
there lived Mary and Martha, sisters of Lazarus, the one whom Jesus Christ had resurrected


ninno

Spanish: ninna

Unknown. Perhaps originally imitative. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese meninno (“boy”).


orgul

Borrowed from Old Catalan orgull, from Vulgar Latin *orgollium, borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *uʀgōllju.

[…] ora alcriador e quiçab oẏra al nŕo ſennor las palabras e el orgul de rabceſſe q́ lo trametio el reẏ de ſur ſo ſeńor por de noſtar al dios uiuo.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 54r:

“ […] Pray to the Creator and perhaps Our Lord will hear the words and pride of Rabshakeh, whom the king of the south, his master, sent to defy the Living God.”


Zorobabel

Spanish: Zorobabel

From Latin Zorobabel, from Ancient Greek Ζοροβαβέλ (Zorobabél), from Hebrew זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zerūbāḇel).

Todo lo que auia. y metio zorobabel. e ſos conpãneros por mandado de cyrus reẏ de ꝑſia toda la uaſiella de oro q̃ fizo el rey ſalomõ pora lacaſa del c̃ador.


estrellero

Spanish: estrellero

De como nascio Mahomat. & de lo que dixo dell Judio estrellero.

c. 1270, Alfonso X, Estoria de Espanna, f. 163r:

On how Muhammad was born and what the Jewish astrologer said about him.

Idem, f. 163v

On how the Jewish astrologer said that the two angels should rip out Muhammad's heart.

De como dixo ell Judio estrellero que sacaran el coraçon a Mahomat los dos angeles.


quarentena

Spanish: cuarentena

From Medieval Latin quarentīna (“forty days”), from Latin quadrāgintā (“forty”).

der

Tras ierico al ſol poniẽt es la quarẽtena. O xp̃s aẏuno .xl. dias & .xl. noches alli ſuſo en el mõt o quiſo tentar el diablo a xp̃s.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 31r:

Behind Jericho, toward the setting sun, is the quarantine, where Christ fasted forty days and forty nights. There, on the mountain where the Devil attempted to tempt Christ.

(biblical) quarantine (desert where Christ fasted for forty days and nights)


cantador

Spanish: cantador

From Latin cantātōrem, singular accusative of cantātor (“musician, singer”). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese cantador.

dixo heliſeₛ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nó cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Then] Elisha said, “The Lord of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, [for] were it not out of regard for Jehoshaphat, I would not look at you nor see you. [But] now bring me a singer.” And so when to God he sings the prophecy of the Creator will be upon him.


mancebia

Spanish: mancebía

From mancebo (“young man, youth”) + -ia.

Priegot mucho q̃ te miẽbre del amor. ⁊ de la cõpãnia. que ẏo ⁊ ti ouẏemos en nr̃a mãçebia.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

I beg dearly that it remind you of the affection and company that you and I shared in our youth.


ariento

From Latin argentum (“silver”), from Proto-Italic *argentom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm.

E vendierõ le por .xx. ariẽtos. El ariento ualia dẏño ⁊ medio. ço ſõ xxx. dẏneros.

And [so] they sold him for twenty shekels. The shekel was worth a denarius and a half, so it was thirty denarii [in all].


axedrez

desctree

Spanish: ajedrez
→ Bikol Central: ahedres
→ Cebuano: ahedres
→ Hiligaynon: ahedres
→ Tagalog: ahedres

Borrowed from Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /čatrang/), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).

bor+

الشَّطْرَنْج


clerigo

Spanish: clérigo

Semi-learned borrowing from Late Latin clēricus, from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós), from κλῆρος (klêros, “clergy”).

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. b.
El to clerigo almerich. a / Rçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas / adios & atẏ.

Your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you.


sennor

Ladino: sinyor

Spanish: señor

From Latin seniōrem, accusative of senior (“old”).

[…] del noble Rey don alfonso […] Sennor de caſtiella de Toledo de Leon de Gallizia de Seuilla de cordoua de Murcia de Jahen. ⁊ del Algarbe.

[…] of the noble king don Alfonso […] lord of Castile, of Toledo, of León, of Galicia, of Seville, of Cordoba, of Murcia, of Jaén and of the Algarve.

Idem, 4v.
Et precian la mucho los grandes ſẽnores

And the great lords do very much admire her.


aniello

Spanish: anillo

From Latin ānellus, diminutive of ānulus (“ring, signet ring”).

viola iuda cubierta e nola cõnoçio. E cuedo q̃ era putana. E dixol ẏaz comẏgo ⁊ dẏxo ella q̃ me daras. Acordarõ ſe q̃l dieſſe uncabrito e diol pẽnos ſo anẏello. Ela cinta q̃ cinnẏa. E el blago q̃ tenẏa. en su mano.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 6r:

Judah saw her covered and did not recognize her, and he assumed she was a prostitute. And he said to her, “Lay with me”, and she replied, “What will you give me?” They agreed he would give her a young goat, and he pledged her his ring and his girdle and the staff he had in his hand.


emellizo

Spanish: mellizo

From Vulgar Latin *gemellīcius, from Latin gemellus, diminutive of geminus (“twin”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 3v. a.
Cũplieron ſe los dias q̃ o / uo que aparir q̃ emellizos ſalie / rõ de so uiẽtre.

Her days to give birth were completed, behold, twins came forth from of her womb.


arcidiano

Spanish: arcediano

From Late Latin archidiaconus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + διάκονος (diákonos, “servant, minister”).

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r.
[R]emont por la gracia de dios. arçobispo de Toledo. a don almeric. arçidiano de antiochia con grant amor ſalut ⁊ amidtad.
Remont, by the Grace of God archbishop of Toledo, to master Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, with great love, haleness and goodwill.

To this the archdeacon responded thus, “My lord, master Remont, archbishop of Toledo, your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you”. […]

Idem, f. 1r. a qui reſpódio el arcidiano El mẏo ſénor dó remont. arçobispo de Toledo. El to clerigo almerich. aRçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas adios & atẏ. […]


arçobispo

desctree

Spanish: arzobispo
Chavacano: arzobispo
→ Bikol Central: arsobispo
→ Cebuano: arsobispo
→ Chibcha: arçobispo
→ Hiligaynon: arsobispo
→ Ilocano: arsobispo
→ Tagalog: arsobispo

→ Andalusian Arabic: ارصبشب (arṣubišbu)

From Late Latin archiepiscopus, based on Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) + ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “bishop”).

Remont, by the grace of God, archbishop of Toledo, to don Almeric, archdeacon of Antioch […]

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r. a. [R] / emont por la gracia de dios. arço / biſpo de Toledo. a don alemeric. arçi / diano de antiochia […]


cabdiello

Spanish: caudillo, cabdillo (obsolete)
→ Catalan: cabdill (from obsolete form cabdillo)
→ English: caudillo
→ French: caudillo
→ Portuguese: caudilho
→ Russian: кауди́льо (kaudílʹo)

From Late Latin capitellum (“small head”), diminutive of Latin capitulum, from caput (“head”).

And they said: “Who will rise up before us as our leader in battle?” Our Lord said: “Judah will rise up, for I shall deliver the land into his hand.”

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 30r. col. 2. E dixierõ q ſubra / de lãte nos por cabdiello enla / batalla. Dixo nŕo ſẽnor iuda / ſubra caẏo dare la tŕa en ſu / mano. [E dixieron: “Qui subrá delante nos por cabdiello en la batalla?” Dixo nuestro señor: “Juda subrá, ca yo daré la tierra en su mano.”]


Mathathias

Spanish: Matatías

From Latin Mathathiās, an alternative form of Mattathiās, from Ancient Greek Μᾰττᾰθῐ́ᾱς (Mattathíās), from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū).

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū)

EN ieruſalem era mathathias. […] ⁊ era om̃e q̃ amaua el criador […] e lo temie e ouo .v. fijos muy buenos cauallós e el uno uo nõbre iudas macabeus. e el otro ionatan. ⁊ leaza. e ſimeon. e ioan

[There] lived in Jerusalem Mattathias, and he was a man that loved the Creator and feared Him. And he had five sons, very upright men, and one had the name Judas Maccabeus, and the other Jonathan, and Eleazar and Simon and John.


criazon

Spanish: criazón

From Latin creātiō, from creō (“I create”).

c1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. col. 2.
e fue tras ellos cõ cccᵗᵒˢ ⁊ xxviij. omnes de ſu c̃azon

and he went after them, with three hundred and twenty-eight men from his household


ladriello

→ Basque: adreilu

Spanish: ladrillo

From *ladre, itself from Latin later (“brick”), + -iello.

La una que es de ladriellos q̃mados de que no conuiene que fablemos ⁊ la otra es de minera de que q̃remos fablar en eſte libro.

One, which comes from burnt bricks, we will not speak of; but the other, which comes from a mine, we want to speak of in this book.


sennora

Spanish: señora

Et la eſtrella q̃ es ſobre la monneca del braço dieſtro dela figura dela ſẽnora que eſta en la ſiella aſſentada a poder ſobreſta piedra […]

And the star on the wrist of the right arm of the figure of the lady that is sitting on the chair has power over this stone […]


Aristotil

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs, “Aristotle”).

bor

ARiſtotil que fue mas complido delos otros filoſofos ⁊ el que mas natural miente moſtro todas las coſas por razon uerdadera. […] Mas los que eſcriuieron delas piedras aſſi como ariſtotil que fizo un libro en que nombro ſietecientas dellas.

Aristotle, who was more accomplished than the other philosophers, was the one who most naturally described things truly as they were. […] Others wrote about stones, like Aristotle, who wrote a book in which he named seven hundred of them.


nigromanciano

Et los nigromancianos fazen creer q́ por su arte. ⁊ por su saber se faze aq́lla prennadez & se tuelle.

And the necromancers make others believe that, because of their art and knowledge, that pregnancy arises and disappears.


çumo

Ladino: sumo

Spanish: zumo

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زُوم (zūm).

Et ſi eſta piedra moiaren en el çumo que ſale de la yerba aque llaman aſſafetida pierde la uertud.

And if they wet this stone in the juice produced by the herb they call asafetida, it loses its virtue.


jargonça

Spanish: jargonza

DEla primera faz del ſigno piſces es la piedra q̃ a nombre iargõça uermeia.

c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 100r.:

Of the first facet of the sign of Pisces is a stone called red zircon.

Ivpiter a poder sobre la piedra que a nõbre jargonça amariella.

c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 102v.:

Jupiter has power over the stone called yellow zircon.

A variety of zircon regarded as a gemstone.


cannamo

Spanish: cáñamo

From Late Latin cannabum, alternative form of Latin cannabis, from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis).

Et ſi coxierẽ della una poca en mucha dagua. ⁊ metieren y algun panno delos q́ se fazen delas coſas q́ nacen de la tierra aſſi como lino. o cannamo. o algodon, tinnel de color doro muy fremoſo.

And if they take a little of it for a lot of water and they submerge in it a cloth of the ones made from the things that sprout from the earth, such as flax, hemp or cotton, it dyes it a very beautiful golden color.


cornelina

Spanish: cornalina

From Old French corneline, ultimately from Latin cornus (“cornel”).

DEl ſeſto grado del ſigno de capricornio, es la piedra aque llaman alaaquic en griego. ⁊ en latí cornelina. Eſta es de color uermeia que tira ya quanto a amariello.

Of the sixth degree of the sign of Capricorn is the stone which they call alaaquic in Greek, and carnelian in Latin. It is red in color, but tends to be somewhat yellow.

Idem, f. 104v.
Cornelina es otroſſi la quarta piedra de las del ſol.

Carnelian is also the fourth stone of those of the sun.


orebze

Spanish: oribe, orebce

From Latin aurificem, accusative of aurifex, from aurum (“gold”).

Et deſta piedra uſan mucho los orebzes, o aquellos que quierẽ el oro apurar.

And goldsmiths make good use of this stone, as do those seeking to purify gold.

Idem, 117v.
Et dellas ya q̃ ſon de color doro. ⁊ otras que de plata. / Et los orebzes la meten en eſtos dos metales por que los adoba mucho.

And, as some of these [stones] are the color of gold and others that of silver, jewelers pair them with these two metals because it adjusts them well.

a jeweler who works with gold and silver; a goldsmith or silversmith


aljofar

Spanish: aljófar

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الجوهر (al-jawhar), from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Persian گوهر (gowhar, “jewel, gem, pearl”).

der

DEl onzeno grado del ſigno de aries, es la piedra a q̃ llaman aliofar. Eſta es de ſu natura caliente ⁊ ſeca. Et fallan la en muchas partes que ſon, en la grand mar que çerca el mũdo enderredor en unas conchas muy grandes en que ſe crian ellas deſta guisa. […]

Of the eleventh degree of the sign of Aries is the stone they call pearl. It is warm and dry in nature. It is found in many places in the open sea all around the world, inside very large clams, inside of which they form in this manner; […]

Idem, f. 114r.
Aldardemuz a nombre en griego. la decima piedra de la .A. / Eſta a color de fierro. ⁊ quando la fregan ſalle ſu fregamiento uermeio. Et con eſta alimpian el alioffar. ⁊ arredondan el uidrio. et eſclarecen las piedras.

Aldardemuz is the Greek name of the tenth stone of the [letter] A. It is the color of iron, and when they wash it the wash is red. And with it they clean pearls, and round off glass and polish stones.


cochiello

Spanish: cuchillo

From Latin cultellus, diminutive of culter (“knife, razor”).

[…] ⁊ ay dellas tan luengas. que fazen dellas mangos pora cochiellos.

[…] and they can be so elongated that they make handles for knives out of them.


cuchiello

Spanish: cuchillo (see there for further descendants)

→ Aragonese: cuchiello, cochillo

De natura es fria ⁊ humida. Et fazen della mangos pora cuchiello ⁊ pora eſpadas […]

It is cold and damp in nature, and they make handles for knives and swords out of it […]

Idem, 89r.
Et ſi la muelen ⁊ traen los poluos della sobre uaſos o otra manera alguna de plata, o de metal, faz lo claro ⁊ muy fremoſo. ⁊ eſſo miſmo faz alas eſpadas ⁊ alos cuchielos, ⁊ demas aguza los.

And if they grind it and use the dust on cups or other silver or metalware, it makes it shiny and beautiful. And it does the same with swords and knives, and it also sharpens them.


cirurgiano

Spanish: cirujano

From cirulgia, cirurgia (“surgery”) + -ano.

Et los fiſicos ⁊ los cirurgianos huſan della en los q̃ q̃eren fender o taiar por que non ſientã la dolor.

And physicians and surgeons make use of it on those who they want to cut or slash, so they will not feel the pain.


açafran

Spanish: azafrán

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic اَلزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʕfarān), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).

[…] De color es de açafran ⁊ aun mas tinta. Fendida es. ⁊ por end es ligera de quebrantar, ⁊ mas liuiana de peſo ⁊ ſemeia en ſus maneras toda al armoniaco.

[…] It is the color of saffron, but redder. It is cleft, and therefore easy to break. It is lighter in weight but similar in all ways to sal ammoniac.


orcero

c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 80r. col. 1.
[…] dixo nr̃o ſẽnnor a ieremias ue a caſa del orcero e ẏ fablare cótigo.

[…] Our Lord said to Jeremiah, go to the potter's house, and I will speak to you there.

Idem, f. 84r. col. 1.
[…] ço es cãpo de ſangre. e ſolie ſeer cãpo de orceros. e ẏ fazien los uaſos de lodo

[…] Thus it is the field of blood, and it used to be the field of potters, and there they made the earthen jugs.


Moysen

Spanish: Moisén

From Ancient Greek Μωϋσῆν (Mōüsên), accusative of Μωϋσῆς (Mōüsês), from Hebrew משה (moshé).

E moẏſen era paſtor ſobre las oueias de ſo ſuegro. E ueno a mõte deẏ oreb. Apparecioſ le nr̃o ſẽnor en la flama del fuego.

c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 12r. col. 2:

And Moses shepherded the sheep of his father-in-law. And [when] he went to Mount Horeb Our Lord appeared to him in the flames of the fire.


vestidura

Spanish: vestidura

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin vestītūra. By surface analysis, vestir + -dura. Compare Old Occitan vestidura.

inh+

priſierõ la ueſtidura. de ioſeph e degollaron vn cabrito. ⁊ enſangrẽtarõ la en la ſangre.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

[Then] they took Joseph's clothing and beheaded a young goat, and bloodied it in its blood.


Iherusalem

Spanish: Jerusalén

From Late Latin Ierūsalēm, Hierūsalēm, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Ont te ruego q̃ tu me enbies eſripto en vna carta la faziẽda de vltra mar. E los nõbres de laſ cibdades ⁊ de las tierras como ovierõ nõbre. En latin ⁊ en ebraẏco. equãto a de la vna cibdat ala otra. E las marauẏllas q̃ nr̃o ſẽnor dios fezo en ih̃rl̃m. e en toda la tierra de vltramar.

So I pray you send to me written in a latter an account of the Holy Land, and the names of the cities and of the lands and the names they had in Latin and Hebrew, and the distance from one city to the other, and the wonders that Our Lord God worked in Jerusalem and throughout the Holy Land.

Idem, f. 78v.
Detras laujlla de ihrlm al ſol ponjent es monte ſion. ealli fue poblada laçjbdat de ihrlm.

Behind the city of Jerusalem, toward the setting sun, is Mount Zion, and there was established the city of Jerusalem.


Caym

Spanish: Caín

de lãt ebrõ mato caẏm a abel ſo ermano.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v:

It was outside Hebron that Cain killed his brother Abel.


tierra de promission

Spanish: tierra de promisión

c. 1200: Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v.
allẏ en ebrõ. vinierõ las eſpias. del deſierto de faram. a tierra de promiſſion. Caleph. ⁊ ioſue. eſſos .x. cõpãneros.

The spies went there, from the desert of Paran, to Hebron, the Promised Land. Caleb, Joshua and their ten companions.


putana

Ladino: putana

From Old French putain, from Vulgar Latin putta, from Latin puta, feminine of putus (“boy”).

viola iuda cubierta e nola cõnoçio. E cuedo q̃ era putana. E dixol ẏaz comẏgo ⁊ dẏxo ella q̃ me daras. Acordarõ ſe q̃l dieſſe uncabrito e diol pẽnos ſo anẏello. Ela cinta q̃ cinnẏa. E el blago q̃ tenẏa. en su mano.

Judah saw her covered and did not recognize her, and he thought she was a prostitute. And he said to her, “Lay with me”, and she replied, “What will you give me?” They agreed he would give her a young goat, and he pledged her his ring and his girdle and the staff he had in his hand.


Ysaac

Spanish: Isaac

From Latin Isaac, from Ancient Greek Ἰσαάκ (Isaák), from Hebrew יצחק (Yiṣḥāq).

Reſpuſo ẏſaac ⁊ dẏxo. De groſſura de la tierra ⁊ del ruçio ſera tu bẽdicion. De los cieloᷤ ſera tu bendicion. Sobre tu eſpada biuras. E ato ermano seruiras. […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 4r:

Isaac answered and said, “Your blessing shall be away from the fatness of the earth and from the dew. Your blessing shall be away from the heavens. You shall live by the sword and your brother you shall serve. […] ”


mensagero

Spanish: mensajero

dixo ẏſaẏas a los menſageros q́l embio el reẏ ezechias aſſi dizredes al nŕo ſennor q́ diz el criador Nó temas delas menazas q́ oiſt de los uaſſallos del reẏ de ſur. Afe yo trametre uiéto ¬ oyra tal palabra. por q́stornara aſu tŕa ¬ ẏl fara morir aeſpada.

Isaiah said the messengers sent to him by king Hezekiah, “You will tell our master that thus says the Creator, ‘Do not fear the threats you have heard from the servants of the king of the south. Lo, I will send wind and he will hear a rumor such that he will return to his land, and there he will be made to die by the sword.’”


sieruo

head

sieruo m (plural sieruos, feminine sieruas, feminine plural sieruas)

sieruos (plural)
sieruas (feminine)
sieruas (feminine plural)

Spanish: siervo, sierva

From Latin servus, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

der

eſtos angeles cõ q fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta dela cibdat. e violos e leuátos cótra elló. e omillos troa la tierra. e dixo les priego uos mios ſẽnores. Q̃ uẽgades acaſa de ur̃o ſieruo albergar.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v:

These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was at the city's gate. And he saw them and he got up to greet them and groveled with his face to the ground. And he said, “I beg you, my lords, come spend the night at your servant's house.”

And he told them thus, “Tell my brother and master Esau that his servant Jacob says he has been staying with Laban till now. And I have cattle and sheep and manservants and maidservants […] ”

Idem, f. 4v. e dixoles aſſẏ. dezid amẏo ermano ſénor eſau. q̃l dẏze ſo ſieruo iacob. con laban more troa agora. ⁊ euacas ⁊ oueias. ⁊ ſieruos ⁊ ſieruas. […]


Babilonna

A naturalized pronunciation of Babilonia.

e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v:

And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.


peccador

head

peccador m (plural peccadores, feminine singular peccadora, feminine plural peccadoras)

peccadores (plural)
peccadora (feminine singular)
peccadoras (feminine plural)

Spanish: pecador

[…] Quiçab. ha .L. iuſtos en eſta uilla e pues matar los as. E non parçiras allogar por los .L. iuſtos. Por fer eſta coſa uedado ſea ati. de matar el iuſto por el peccador. Nõ ſe juez en toda la tierra q̃ fẏzies eſte iudizio.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2r:

“ […] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in this city and thus you would kill them. Will you not spare the place for the fifty righteous? To do such a thing is far from you; to kill the righteous because of the sinner. I know not of a judge on earth who would make such a judgment”.

Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “This time I have sinned against you, and the Creator is just, and my people and I are sinners. […] ”

Idem, f. 14v. embio pharaon amoẏſen ⁊ aaron. E dixo les peq̃ eſta uez el criador es iuſto. ⁊ ẏo e mio pueblo ſomos peccadores. […]


Belzebub

Spanish: Belcebú

Borrowed from Latin Beelzebūb, from Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (baʿal zvuv, “fly-lord”).

der

Acre ouo nóbre en hebraẏco acron. Alli era la ẏdola q́ auẏe nóbre belzebub deus muſcarum. e dizienle deus muſcarum ço es dios de acre e fue cibdat de los phẏliſteos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 39v:

Acre had the Hebrew name Ekron. Therein was the idol by the name of Beelzebub, "God of the Flies". And they called it God of the Flies because it was the god of Acre, which was a city of the Philistines.


nutriz

Spanish: nodriza

This form was probably borrowed from Latin nūtrīcem.

murio alli ebora la nutriz de rebeca. ealli fue soterrada.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 47r:

There died Deborah, Rebecca's nurse, and she was buried there.


nodriz

Spanish: nodriza

From Latin nūtrīcem, singular accusative of nūtrīx.

Eſte geu mato todos los q̃ remanecieron del caſado de cab amẏgos ⁊ parientes e nodrices q̃ nol remaſo parient en pariẽt.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 33r:

So Jehu killed all those who remained of the house who were near [to him]; friends and family and wet nurses, so that he left him no remaining survivors.


princeb

e pues uino nabuzardan qui era princeb de la caualleria e de nabucodonosor el reẏ de babilonia. e ueno en iħrꝉm e ardio las caſas del criador ela caſa del reẏ e todas las cſsas cabdales de iħrꝉm quemolas en fuego

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 59v:

And then came Nebuzardan, who was captain of the guard and of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And he entered Jerusalem and burned the Houses of the Creator and the king's palace, and all the important houses of Jerusalem he set on fire.


princep

head

princep m (plural princeps or principes)

Dixo el prĩcep nabuzardan aieremias He agora yo te traẏo de la p̃ſon. Sit plad uenir conuſco ababilonia : anda fertemos bien. eſi nõ quiſieres uenir reman aq̃. eninguno nont fara peſar. e ue o q̃eres.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 61v:

And Nabuzardan the captain said to Jeremiah, “Now, look, I have released you from prison. If you want to come with me to Babylon, come, we will do you well. And should you not want to come, remain here, and no one will do you harm, so go wherever you want”.


sancenno

sancenno (feminine singular sancenna, masculine plural sancennos, feminine plural sancennas)

sancenna (feminine singular)
sancennos (masculine plural)
sancennas (feminine plural)

Spanish: cenceño

Uncertain. Perhaps from Latin sincērus (“pure”) or cincinnus (“curled lock of hair”).

Cõbran la carne ala noch. ⁊ nolo comades cocho. en agua ni crudo. Mas aſſado en fuego. E cõ pã ſancẽno. e cõ lechezinos agros le combran.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 15v:

They shall eat the meat that night, and eat it not cooked in water nor raw, but roasted over fire, and with unleavened bread and bitter salad greens they shall eat it.


compannero

Spanish: compañero

From companna (“company, entourage”) + -ero.

To argent es tõnado eſcoria to uino es buelto en agua. tos príceps ſe dañarõ compañeros ſon de ladrones […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 55v:

Your silver becomes dross and your wine is turned into water. Your rulers have been corrupted, they are companions of thieves. […]


Melchysedec

Spanish: Melquisedec

From Late Latin Melchisedech, from Koine Greek Μελχισέδεκ (Melkhisédek), from Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq).

der

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkī-ṣeḏeq)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bẽdixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pã ⁊ vino q̃ anos en figura de xp̃s. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q̃ aduzie.

Then Melchizedek sent Abram on his way, and blessed him, and said, “Blessed be Abram of God the [Most] High.” And he gave him bread and wine, which to us is a figure of Christ. And to him Abram gave the tithe of all he had taken.


Abraam

Spanish: Abrahám, Abrahán

Borrowed from Late Latin Ābrahām, from Koine Greek Ἀβρᾱᾱ́μ (Abrāā́m), from Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām).

Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (aḇrāˈhām)

Estonz exio melchẏsedec a abraam a la carrera. e bédixol. ⁊ dẏxo. Benedicto sea abraam de dẏos el alto. e diol pá ⁊ vino q́ anos en figura de xṕs. e abraam a el diol el diezmo. de todo lo q́ aduzie.

Then Melchizedek sent Abram on his way and blessed him. And he said: “Blessed be Abram by God above”. And he gave him bread and wine, which to embodies Christ. And Abram gave him a tenth of all that he had taken.


Josaphat

Spanish: Josafat

From Late Latin Iōsaphat, from Ancient Greek Ἰωσαφάτ (Iōsaphát), from Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ).

Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yehōšāp̄āṭ)

Aplegos el Reẏ […] diſçrael adacab Reẏ đ iħrɫm. e fueron en ſemble e dixo el Reẏ diſrɫ al Reẏ de iħrɫm uaẏamos aramot galaad q̃ es ẏ él Reẏ de ſyria elidiemos é prender loemos. e dixo ioſaphat el Reẏ de iħrɫm ẏo ire cõtigo lo mẏo tuẏo eſ. el mio pueblo tuẏo es. emios cauallos tuẏos.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 41v:

The king […] of Israel approached Ahab, king of Jerusalem. And they came together, and the king of Israel said to the king of Jerusalem, “Let us go to Ramoth-Gilead, for the king of Syria is there, and let us fight and we will capture him.” And Jehoshaphat the king of Jerusalem said, “I will go with you. What is mine is yours. My people are yours, and my horses are yours.”


fornaguera

From Latin fornicāria, feminine of fornicārius (“fornicator”), from fornix (“brothel”).

Comienco q́ fablo nŕo ſenor aoſee dixo nŕo ſeńor aoſee ue eprent mugier fornaguera e faz fijos de fornicacion que fornicar fornicara la tŕa

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 70r:

It began that Our Lord spoke to Hosea, and Our Lord said to Hosea, “Go and take a fornicating woman and have children of fornication, for fornication will fornicate the land.”

prostitute, a promiscuous or fornicating woman


berguença

Ladino: verguensa

Spanish: vergüenza

From Latin verēcundia (“shame, awe”), from Latin verēcundus (“feeling shame; worthy or reverence, venerable”).

dixo heliſeₛ viuo es el ſennor delos fõſados delant q̃en ẏo eſto q̃ ſi ñ fueſſe por berguẽça de ioſapha nõ cataria ati nj not ueria. agora adozid me .j. cantador epues q̃nt adios cantare ſera ſobrel ppħiſmo del criador.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

[Then] Elisha said, “The Lord of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, [for] were it not out of regard for Jehoshaphat, I would not look at you nor see you. [But] now bring me a singer.” And so when to God he sings the prophecy of the Creator will be upon him.


debdor

Ladino: devdor

Spanish: deudor

vna mugier delos ppħtas clamo aeliſeuₛ ppħta edixol. To ſieruo mio marido es muerto e to ſabet q́ fue temient del ćador afe do uiene eldebdor q́ ṕndras dos mios fijos por ſos ſieruos

[Now] the wife of one of the prophets cried out to Elisha the prophet and said to him, “Your servant, my husband, is dead, and you know that he was one who feared the Creator. And lo, his creditor is coming [and] he will take for himself my two sons as his slaves.”


euangelista

desctree

Spanish: evangelista
→ Tagalog: ebanghelista

From Latin evangelista, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs).

der

εὐαγγελιστής

depues eſt emꝑador domicianus eſilio aſant iuan apoſtol e euangeliſta. euenos ala ẏſla de padmoˢ e cõuertio grãd púeblo.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

After this, the emperor Domitian exiled Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, and he came to the island of Patmos and converted many people.


fidenisa

An alteration of Late Latin pȳthōnissa, feminine form of Latin pȳthon (“oracle, soothsayer”), from Ancient Greek Πῡθώ (Pūthṓ, “Pytho; Delphi”).

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom aqui uino el reẏ ſaul de mandar ɔſeio ala fideniſa ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria. Jvro ſaul e dixo biuo es el criador q̃ non uerna nĩgun mal atẏ por eſta coſa.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 32v:

Here king Saul came to seek counsel from the soothsayer And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked]. Saul swore and said, “Living is the Creator, that no harm shall come to you for this thing.”


adeuino

Spanish: adivino

From Latin dīvīnus (“prophetic”). Influenced by adeuinar (“to guess, solve”). Compare Old French devin.

Fveſſét ſamuel aſu caſa a ramata e nó vio mas ſamuel a ſaul faſta q́ ſamuel fue muerto ⁊ planieron le tod iſrɫ e ſotŕaron le en ramata ſu cibdat. & ſaul tollio los magos alos adeuinos de la tŕa.

Thence Samuel went to his house in Ramah, and Samuel did not see Saul again before Samuel died. And all of Israel mourned him, and they buried him in Ramah, his city. And Saul removed the necromancers and soothsayers from the land.


philisteo

Spanish: filisteo

Borrowed from Late Latin Philistaeus, from Koine Greek Φυλιστιείμ (Phulistieím), from Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים (pəlištîm).

פְּלִשְׁתִּים

Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים (pəlištîm)

Aplegaron ſe los philiſteos e paſſaron en ſẏma. Aplego atod iſrl e paſſaron en móte gelboe. Vio ſaul el albergada de los philiſteos e ouo mẏedo.

The Philistines gathered and camped at Shunem. [Saul] gathered all of Israel and they camped at mount Gilboa. [Then] Saul saw the encampment of the Philistines and he was afraid.

Idem, f. 47r.
Lidio dd̃ cõ el philiſteo epriſo dd̃ .v. piedras. dela torrient. emetiolas en ſue talega epuſola una enla fonda e diol enla fruente ematol.

David fought the Philistine. And David took five stones from the stream and put them in his pouch. And he put one in his sling and struck him in the forehead and killed him.


guarnimiento

Spanish: guarnimiento

From guarnir (“to dress, adorn”) + -miento. Compare Old French guarnement (“garment”).

Oyo eſto eſto^([sic]) el pueblo e ou gñde duelo enõ ſe q̃ſo guarnir deſu ueſtir. dixo nr̃o ſeñor amoẏſẽ diles q̃ ſe guarneſcã eẏo ſabre q̃ leſ fare. priſierõ fiios de iſrɫ. ſo guarnimiẽto de mõte oreb

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 20v:

The people heard this and there was great mourning, and they did not want to adorn their dress. [For] Our Lord said to Moses, “Tell them to adorn themselves and I will know what I will do to them.” [So] the children of Israel took off their ornaments from Mount Horeb [onward].


companna

Spanish: compaña

From Vulgar Latin *compānia, from Late Latin compāniō (“companion”).

Corrio eſau aencuẽtro de ſo ermano. E abraçol ⁊ echo ſobre ſo cuello el braço. E ſaludolo. ⁊ omillos eſau. E toda ſu cõpãna de iacob.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5r:

Esau ran to meet his brother, and he embraced him and put his arm over his neck. And he greeted him and bowed before Esau, and so too all of Jacob's company.


maçonero

Spanish: mazonero

From Old French maçon (“mason, builder”) + -ero.

[…] e enbẏo amonte libano .lxxx. mil om̃s q̃ taiaſſen madera. e .lxx. mil maçoneros pora la obra de la piedra ſin los maẏorales q̃ les comendauan q̃ auien a fer.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 49r:

[…] And he sent to Mount Lebanon eighty thousand men to cut wood and seventy thousand masons for the working of stone, besides the foremen who commanded them what they were to do.


Ysmael

Spanish: Ismael

From Late Latin Ismael, from Koine Greek Ἰσμαήλ (Ismaḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yīšmāʿēʿl, literally “God hears”).

Catarõ ⁊ vierõ vna requa de paganos de los de ẏſmael. E vinien de galaat cõ ſos camellos cargados de mercaduras e ẏuã a egipto

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:

They looked and saw a pagan caravan, of those of Ishmael. And they were coming from Gilead with their camels loaded with goods, and they were headed to Egypt.


ysmael

dẏxo iudas aſos ermanos. Veo ẏſmaeles q̃ paſſan. Andat ⁊ uendamos le aeſtos moros q̃ paſſã. E nr̃as manos nõ metamos en el. […]

Judah said to his brothers, “I see Ishmaelites passing by. Come and let us sell him to these moors passing by, and not lay our hands on him. […] ”


vestimienta

Ladino: vestimienta

Spanish: vestimenta

From Latin vestīmenta, plural of vestīmentum (“garment, robe”), from vestiō (“I clothe”). Compare Old French vestement.

e depues ueno ſaul. ⁊ enop. e p̃ſo eſtos ſacerdotes e mato dent .Lxxx. ⁊ .v. reueſtidos de ſac̃dotal ueſtimienta

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 46r:

And then came Saul to Nob. And he took these priests and killed therein eighty-five men dressed in the priestly garments.


sortero

head

sortero m (plural sorteros, feminine singular sortera, feminine plural sorteras)

sorteros (plural)
sortera (feminine singular)
sorteras (feminine plural)

Spanish: sortero

From suerte (“lot, fate”) + -ero (occupational suffix). Compare Old Galician-Portuguese sorteira (“witch”).

cog

& fue demãdar cõſeio auna mugier ſortera q̃ era en edom […] ſta mugier ouo mẏedo al reẏ e dixo q̃ nõ faria.

And [so] he went to seek counsel from a soothsayer that lived in Edom. […] [But] this woman was afraid of the king, and she said she would not do [as he asked].

a person who draws lots, a soothsayer or oracle


juuentut

Spanish: juventud

From Latin iuventūtem, singular accusative of iuventūs, from iuvenis (“young”).

[…] Qve ẏo loar me pueda de ti en my veiez. Aſſẏ cuemo me loe en mẏ iuuétud.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1r:

[…] That I may be able to rejoice in you in my old age as I rejoiced in my youth.


Peydro

Sant peẏdro fo ṕdicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

(biblical, Christianity) Alternative form of Pedro, Peter